City Council / Housing Authority
May 18, 2026

Charts Source: LA County Public Works; 2021 County Comprehensive Flood Plan average replacement cost of structures in the floodplain—indicating significant gaps in financial resilience.
• Wildfire burn scars and post-fire hydrophobic soils significantly increase flood and debris flow risks, particularly in foothill and canyon communities. This hazard continues to grow in severity with climate-driven fire seasons.

6.6.8 Mitigation and Preparedness
Los Angeles County’s flood mitigation strategy reduces hazard exposure, enhances community resilience, and supports long-term climate adaptation. Grounded in FEMA’s National Mitigation Framework, CalOES planning guidance, and local policy, the County implements both structural and non-structural measures to address current and future flood risks. Core actions include regular maintenance and targeted upgrades to Estimated Damage to Critical Facilities in Unincorporated Areas from 100-Year Flood Sector Number of Facilities
Affected
Average % of Total Value
Damaged
Structure Content
Safety & Security 1 7.56 10.24
Food, Water & Sheltering 9 6.72 18.73
Health & Medical 0 N/A N/A
Energy 1 23.90 47.79
Communications 0 N/A N/A
Transportation 59 1.41 8.86
Hazardous Materials 0 N/A N/A
Total/Average 70 9.90 21.40
Estimated Damage to Critical Facilities in Unincorporated Areas from 500-Year Flood Sector Number of Facilities Affected
Average % of Total Value
Damaged
Structure Content
Safety & Security 4 28.39 37.56
Food, Water & Sheltering 41 7.73 27.01
Health & Medical 0 N/A N/A
Energy 1 23.90 47.79
Communications 2 5.00 16.00
Transportation 107 3.38 19.74
Hazardous Materials 30 10.00 15.00
Total/Average 185 13.07 27.18
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stormwater infrastructure, restoration of floodplains, and integration of flood hazard data into land use planning. The County also prioritizes the protection of critical facilities and vulnerable housing through site retrofits, property acquisition, and elevation programs. Public outreach is conducted through a bilingual, ADA-accessible Program for Public Information, which promotes flood safety awareness, emergency preparedness, and participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).

To ensure that mitigation is both data -driven and community -centered, the County utilizes climate projections and FEMA’s HAZUS modeling to inform investments, while coordinating with regional partners to align local actions with broader watershed strategies. Key components of the approach include:
• Upgrading culverts, debris basins, and drainage systems to manage increased runoff
• Promoting low-impact development (LID) and incorporating green infrastructure in urban design
• Updating ordinances and the General Plan to discourage development in high-risk areas
• Maintaining inventories of repetitive loss areas and prioritizing resources for the most vulnerable populations
This comprehensive strategy ensures Los Angeles County not only meets federal and state standards but advances flood risk reduction in a way that safeguards people, property, and natural systems for the future.

6.6.9 Summary
Flooding is one of the most persistent and complex natural hazards in Los Angeles County, intensified by climate change, urbanization, and aging infrastructure. The Los Angeles County region experiences a range of flood types, including stormwater runoff, flash flooding, coastal inundation, and post -wildfire debris flows. These events are most common during winter storms and atmospheric river systems. High -density development, extensive paved surfaces, and fire-damaged hillsides contribute to rapid runoff and increased overall flood vulnerability. Areas along (but not limited to) the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and Santa Clara Rivers, as well as coastal communities and foothill regions, are particularly at risk.

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Los Angeles County’s mitigation strategy is proactive and multifaceted. It includes infrastructure upgrades, nature-based solutions, land use policy updates, and public education. Core priorities focus on protecting critical facilities, reducing exposure in high-risk housing, and promoting community resilience. Planning efforts are supported by FEMA’s HAZUS risk modeling and local climate projections. Despite progress, more than 750,000 residents remain at risk from major flood events, reinforcing the need for continued investment in comprehensive, flood risk reduction across the county.

6.6.10 National Flood I nsurance Program (NFIP) Repetitive Loss (RL)
According to the Los Angeles County Public Works, there are 55 Repetitive Loss (RL) properties in 28 RL areas of Unincorporated Los Angeles County as of 2025 , and 8 Severe Repetitive Loss Properties (SRLP). A Repetitive Loss (RL) property is any insurable building for which two or more claims of more than $1,000 were paid by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) in any rolling 10 -year period since 1978. Updated location information about RL properties in Unincorporated Los Angeles County were not available during the drafting of this plan, but is being finalized and will be included in subsequent hazard mitigation efforts. Data from 2011 showed that 24 RL properties were located in the SFHA. At the time, the Los Angeles County Public Works stated, “the majority of the repetitive losses are associated with localized urban drainage flood problems, even for properties within a FEMA-designated flood zone.” The Los Angeles County Public Works oversees RL mitigation projects.

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6.7 Dam Failure

6.7.1 Nature
Dam failure refers to the structural collapse of a
dam that results in the sudden and uncontrolled
release of stored water. Such failures can occur
due to age- related deterioration, inadequate
spillway capacity, structural damage from
seismic activity or flooding, and poor
maintenance. The catastrophic release of water
from a dam failure has the potential to cause
human casualties, significant economic loss, and
environmental destruction. This type of disaster
is particularly dangerous because it can occur
suddenly, leaving little time for evacuation or
emergency response efforts.

The magnitude of flooding from dam failure
often exceeds the capacity of downstream
channels, causing rapid inundation of
surrounding areas. This flooding can lead to
extensive property damage, erosion,
infrastructure destruction, and contamination of
water supplies. Additionally, secondary hazards
such as landslides and debris flows can be
triggered, compounding the disaster’s impact.

The structural stress on dams may rise as dams
age, and climate variability increases the frequency of extreme precipitatio n events.

Planning efforts include both dams and debris basins. To simplify language of the plan both reservoir dams and storm water debris basins will be referred to as dams.

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6.7.2 Location
Los Angeles County has over 90 dams regulated by the California Department of Water Resources’ Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD). Fifteen (15) of these dams and eighteen (18) debris basins are owned and operated by the Los Angeles County Public Works (PW). In 2017, the California Legislature mandated that all state -jurisdictional dams (excluding those classified as Low Hazard) develop dam breach inundation maps and Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) approved by DSOD and Cal OES.

Many of these dams are located near highly populated areas, increasing the potential for human and economic impacts during a failure event. Seventy (70) dams are classified as High or Extremely High hazard potential dams, meaning their failure could result in significant loss of life and widespread property damage.

The Whittier Narrows Dam, reclassified as the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) highest-priority dam safety concern, poses one of the greatest risks due to its potential to flood highly populated areas from Pico Rivera to Long Beach. USACE has determined that an extreme storm event has a 1 in 900 (0.1%) chance of causing catastrophic failure annually. Mitigation actions related to County -owned dams are prioritized based on their hazard level and potential to impact populated areas.

For a better visual representation of this Dam Failure Hazard within the LA County planning area, please reference Appendix A for all the County owned dams and debris basins maps.

6.7.3 Extent
The Federal Guidelines for Inundation Mapping of Flood Risks Associated with Dam Incidents and Failures (FEMA P -946, 2013) categorizes dam hazards into four classifications:
• Low Hazard: Minimal damage expected, no loss of life. • Significant Hazard: Potential for property damage and economic disruption. • High Hazard : Likely to result in loss of life and significant damage to critical infrastructure.
• Extremely High Hazard (DSOD Classification): Could cause large-scale fatalities and inundate areas with over 1,000 residents.

Given the population density of Los Angeles County, a dam failure classified as High or Extremely High Hazard would likely cause substantial human casualties, displace entire communities, and inflict severe economic and environmental damage. Table 6-3 and 6-4 below shows a list of dams and debris basins owned by PW along with their hazard classifications. Potential mitigation actions described in this AHMP are only applicable to the dams and debris basins owned by PW and implementation of these actions are the responsibility of the PW Stormwater Engineering Division – Dams Section.

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Table 6-3: Los Angeles County PW Dam Hazard Status
Dam Name Hazard Status Location
Big Dalton Extremely High Glendora, CA
Big Santa Anita Extremely High Monrovia, CA
Big Tujunga No. 1 Extremely High Tujunga, CA
Cogswell Extremely High Azusa, CA
Devils Gate Extremely High LA Canada Flintridge, CA
Live Oak Extremely High La Verne, CA
Morris Extremely High Azusa, CA
Pacoima Extremely High Pacoima, CA
Puddingstone Extremely High San Dimas, CA
Puddingstone Diversion High La Verne, CA
San Dimas Extremely High La Verne, CA
San Gabriel No. 1 Extremely High Azusa, CA
Sawpit Extremely High Monrovia, CA
Sierra Madre High Sierra Madre, CA
Thompson Creek Extremely High Claremont, CA

Table 6-4: Los Angeles County PW Debris Basin Hazard Status Debris Basin Name Hazard Status Location
Bailey Debris Basin High Sierra Madre, CA
Big Dalton Debris Basin High Glendora, CA
Blanchard Debris Basin High Tujunga, CA
Brand Debris Basin High Glendale, CA
Eaton Wash Debris Basin Extremely High Pasadena, CA
La Tuna Debris Basin Extremely High Sun Valley, CA
Laguna Regulating Basin Significant Alhambra, CA
Little Dalton Debris Basin Extremely High Glendora, CA
Lower Sunset Debris Basin High Burbank, CA
Morgan Debris Basin High Glendora, CA
Rubio Debris Basin High Altadena, CA
Santa Anita Debris Basin Low Arcadia, CA
Sawpit Debris Basin Extremely High Monrovia, CA
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Debris Basin Name Hazard Status Location
Schoolhouse Debris Basin High Los Angeles, CA
Sierra Madre Villa Extremely High Sierra Madre, CA
Stevenson Ranch High Stevenson Ranch, CA
Stough Debris Basin Extremely High Burbank, CA
Wilson Debris Basin High Los Angeles, CA

6.7.4 History
Los Angeles County has experienced one of the deadliest dam failures in U.S. history:
• St. Francis Dam Failure (March 12-13, 1928):
o Released 12.4 billion gallons of water
o At least 411 fatalities
o Devastated towns from San Francisquito Canyon to Ventura County o Resulted in sweeping changes to California dam safety regulations and the creation of state oversight for civil engineers
While no major dam failures have occurred in recent decades, concerns over aging dam infrastructure, seismic risks, and increasing climate variability have raised alarms about future risks. Studies indicate that many California dams, including those in Los Angeles County, require structural updates to withstand modern hydrological conditions and potential seismic activity. There have been no federal declarations or state proclamations for dam failure in the last five years.

6.7.5 Dam Coordination
Los Angeles County Public Works coordinates with local, state, and federal agencies to mitigate flood risk hazards to downstream communities from its dams. At the local level, PW works with cities and public agencies during development of Emergency Action Plans (EAP). This provides local stakeholders with the opportunity to review the EAP , provide feedback, and confirm responsibilities and roles during an EAP activation. At request from local jurisdictions, PW may provide tours of its dam facilities, where information on dam safety and the potential hazards associated with dam failures are shared.

At the state level, PW works with the DSOD to meet compliance with state dam safety standards and flood management at all of PW’s dams. This includes annual dam County of Los Angeles
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inspections, review, approval, and oversight of dam construction projects, review of dam safety monitoring, and oversight of other dam safety regulatory activities. PW also coordinates with various state agencies, including DSOD, Cal OES, and Caltrans during development of EAPs.

At the federal level, PW works with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to meet compliance with state dam federal standards and flood management at PW’s San Gabriel Dam, which is under FERC jurisdiction. This includes annual dam inspections, review, approval, and oversight of dam construction projects, review of dam safety monitoring, EAP coordination, and oversight of other dam safety regulatory activities. PW also coordinates with the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) on operations of interconnected dam facilities and emergency response planning for USACE facilities that may be in the pathway of dam failure impacts.

Information Sharing
PW provides critical information to relevant local, state, and federal stakeholders to address hazard mitigation related to dam safety. This includes:
• Emergency Action Plans (EAPs): EAPs outline the roles, responsibilities, and procedures to follow in the event of a dam emergency. The EAPs include i n u n d a t i o n m a p s , w h i c h s h o w a r e a s t h a t w o u l d b e a f f e c t e d b y a d a m f a i l u r e , helping to identify populations at risk. These plans are shared with stakeholders to ensure a coordinated response. Due to the sensitive nature of information contained within the EAPs, they are confidential and not released to the general public.
• Inundation Maps: Inundation maps are critical tools for identifying areas and populations at risk in the event of a dam failure. They also indicate potential impacts on critical infrastructure facilities such as hospitals, schools, and transportation networks. These maps are shared with relevant stakeholders recognized in the EAP and are available to the general public through the DSOD Dam Breach Inundation Map Web Publisher.

6.7.6 Probability
Los Angeles County contains over 90 state-jurisdictional dams, with approximately 70 classified as High or Extremely High Hazard by the California Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD), meaning their failure could result in loss of life and significant propert y damage.

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Although comprehensive failure probabilities are not published for each dam, FEMA and DSOD guidance suggest that the general annual probability of failure for High Hazard dams nationwide ranges from 0.01% to 0.1% (or 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 1,000) depending on maintenance, age, seismic vulnerability, and other site-specific factors.

Applying this range to Los Angeles County:
• The aggregate annual probability of a significant dam failure event in the county—across one or more of the 70 high -risk dams—is estimated at between

0.1% and 0.5% annually, factoring cumulative exposure and different hazard classifications. (Such as earthquake or flood related)
• Climate change, aging infrastructure, and seismic activity in Los Angeles County increase systemic risk across multiple structures simultaneously.

In summary, while the individual likelihood of failure for any one dam is very low, the overall countywide probability of at least one major dam failure event is low but still warrants continued vigilance, maintenance, and emergency planning.

6.7.7 Vulnerability
A catastrophic dam failure in Los Angeles County could have severe consequences for hundreds of thousands of residents. The densely populated nature of the county, combined with the location of several large dams near residential and commercial areas, increases the potential for widespread displacement, loss of life, and economic damage. The 2024 THIRA identifies multiple high -risk zones where dam failure could result in extensive flooding and mass evacuations.
• High-risk dams, among others, pose a significant threat to densely populated communities. A breach in any of these dams could inundate entire neighborhoods, affecting more than 500,000 residents in low -lying areas and floodplains.
• Socially vulnerable populations, including elderly individuals, the AFN community, people experiencing homelessness, low-income communities, and non-English-speaking residents face heightened risks during evacuations and recovery due to limited mobility, financial constraints, and access to resources. • Educational and healthcare institutions are at risk, with several schools, hospitals, and long-term care facilities located in flood -prone areas. A major dam failure could result in school closures, displacement of students, and disruption of healthcare services.

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• Evacuation and emergency sheltering demands would be substantial, requiring the rapid mobilization of resources to support displaced residents. Temporary shelters, emergency medical services, and logistical support would need to be activated to accommodate evacuees.

Los Angeles County relies heavily on dams and reservoirs for water storage, flood control, and supply regulation. Catastrophic dam failure poses an acute threat to life and property, especially in low-lying, highly populated downstream areas.

Extent of Exposure
• Total Area Exposed: 490.64 sq mi
• Supervisorial Districts (SD) Impacted:
o SD5: 223.88 sq mi (7.97%)
o SD1: 162.25 sq mi (45.98%)
o SD2: 66.57 sq mi (18.32%)
o SD3: 25.76 sq mi (5.97%)
o SD4: 12.17 sq mi (5.72%)
• Critical Facilities Affected:
o Fire Department: 112 (33.22%)
o Public Works: 92 (40.00%)
o Health Services: 29 (44.62%)
o Public Health: 17 (42.50%)
o Libraries: 30 (34.48%)
o Parks: 65 (35.50%)
o Education: 34 (41.46%)
Problem Statement
Dam failure, while rare, can have catastrophic consequences in densely populated downstream areas. With significant portions of critical infrastructure exposed — particularly in SD1 and SD5 —planning for emergency evacuations, early warning systems, infrastructure hardening, and downstream development regulation is critical to saving lives and reducing loss.

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A failure or breach of a High Hazard Potential Dam (HHPD) in Los Angeles County would result in catastrophic consequences for downstream communities, with the greatest vulnerabilities concentrated in densely populated urban areas. Rapid and massive floodin g would likely inundate residential neighborhoods, commercial districts, and industrial zones within minutes to hours, depending on proximity and topography. Critical infrastructure—including hospitals, fire and police stations, schools, and major transp ortation corridors —would be severely impacted, disrupting emergency services and evacuation routes. Thousands of people, including vulnerable populations such as those with Access and Functional Needs (AFN), elderly residents, and low -income households, would face immediate life -threatening conditions, displacement, and limited access to medical care or shelter. Economic losses would be compounded by damage to utilities, including power substations and water systems, potentially leaving large swaths of the region without essential services. The sheer scale of devastation from a dam failure, especially at facilities such as Whittier Narrows or Castaic Dam, underscores the critical importance of continued risk reduction, early warning systems, and dam rehabilitation efforts.

6.7.8 Data Limitations
A limitation of this AHMP is that planning efforts only covered PW -owned dams in Los Angeles County. Future mitigation planning should include other dam owners and operators in Los Angeles County such as the US Army Corps of Engineers. The data on high-hazard dams reviewed during the 2025 AHMP planning process was genera lly suitable for the analysis required. Future opportunities for obtaining additional data to be considered in the next update to the plan should:
• Incorporate more current information as it becomes available. • Assess any new or updated EAPs for dams owned by Los Angeles County. • Identify and review more current structural or condition assessment data to inform future risk assessments.
• Involve other dam owners within Los Angeles County in future planning efforts.

6.7.9 Impacts
A dam failure in Los Angeles County would have catastrophic and immediate consequences for life, property, and critical infrastructure, particularly in the densely populated downstream areas. The sudden release of impounded water from a High or Extremely High Hazard dam could inundate neighborhoods within minutes, allowing little to no time for evacuation. More than 500,000 residents live within identified dam inundation zones, many of whom are in socially vulnerable populations —including County of Los Angeles
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individuals with limited mobility, low -income households, and people experiencing homelessness—making rapid evacuation and sheltering especially challenging.

County-owned high hazard potential dams and their locations are listed in Table 6 -3.

Inundation maps for County-owned high hazard potential dams are listed in Appendix A-7.

Critical infrastructure is also at significant risk. Hospitals, fire stations, law enforcement facilities, emergency operations centers, schools, and wastewater treatment plants located in downstream zones may be damaged or rendered inoperable, severely disrupting emergency response and lif e-sustaining services. Major transportation routes such as interstates, rail lines, and arterial roads could be submerged or washed out, impeding rescue and recovery efforts. Additionally, power substations, water distribution networks, and telecommunicati ons infrastructure could suffer cascading failures, contributing to widespread outages and prolonged recovery periods.

The economic consequences of dam failure would be immense. Beyond property damage, business operations in inundated areas would halt, leading to loss of employment, tax revenue, and economic activity. Industrial zones (especially those near major flood control reservoirs or channels) could potentially release hazardous materials if overwhelmed, posing secondary environmental and public health hazards.

Debris accumulation, sedimentation, and contamination could severely impact ecosystems, water quality, and flood control infrastructure downstream, complicating both emergency cleanup and long-term environmental recovery.

Given the scale of potential impacts, dam failure is considered a stable low-probability but high-consequence hazard in Los Angeles County, requiring continued investment in structural mitigation, emergency preparedness, and public awareness to reduce the severity of its effects.

6.7.10 High Hazard Potential Dams Goals
Goal 1: Enhance resilience across dam/debris basin infrastructure, including high - hazard potential dams, and other critical facilities within dam inundation zones.

Goal 2: Encourage structural reinforcement or retrofits for aging and vulnerable dams.

Goal 3: Ensure all dams/ debris basins have updated Emergency Action Plans (where applicable) and updated dam inundation mapping consistent with state standards.

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6.7.11 Mitigation and Preparedness
Los Angeles County and state agencies have implemented various mitigation efforts to reduce the risks associated with dam failures:
• Structural Reinforcements: Upgrading spillways, strengthening earthen dams, and implementing seismic retrofitting measures.
• Emergency Action Plans (EAPs): Mandated by DSOD for all High and Extremely High hazard dams to guide evacuation and response efforts. • Early Warning Systems: Improved flood monitoring and automated alert systems to notify at-risk communities in real-time.

6.7.12 High Hazard Potential Dam Prioritization
The risk assessment within the 2025 AHMP considers the county planning area’s vulnerability and potential impacts related to HHPDs. Mitigation actions and planning efforts that are related to mitigating long-term vulnerabilities to County-owned HHPDs will automatically be given a HIGH priority as described in the overall mitigation action prioritization criteria in Section 7.6. The County Departments responsible for implementing the associated mitigation actions, along with the priority, potential funding source, and expected time frame are listed in Section 7.8.

6.7.13 Summary
Los Angeles County has 90 state -jurisdictional dams, with 70 classified as High or Extremely High hazard, meaning their failure could result in widespread loss of life and economic devastation. While regulatory oversight has improved dam safety, aging infrastructure, seismic threats, and increased storm intensity remain challenges.

Continued investment in retrofits, early warning systems, and emergency planning is essential to mitigating the risk of catastrophic dam failures.

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6.8 Land Movement

6.8.1 Nature
Land movement refers to the downward
movement of rock, soil, or debris along a
slope due to gravity. This process can occur
suddenly or gradually over time, depending
on contributing factors such as soil
composition, slope stability, and external
triggers. Land movement encompass a
variety of movement types including
mudflows, rockfalls, debris flows, land
slumps, land subsidence, and soil
movement. In Los Angeles County, the
diverse topography and geological
formations make certain areas more prone to
land movement, particularly during periods
of intense precipitation, seismic activity, or
human land-use modifications.

Climate change exacerbates land movement
by increasing the frequency and intensity of
extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, which can lead to accelerated erosion and heightened landslide risks.

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Land movement often occur in conjunction with other natural hazards, exacerbating their impact. Some of the primary contributing factors include:
• Seismic Activity: Earthquakes can destabilize slopes, leading to land movement and rockfalls. The force of seismic shaking can cause sudden failures, particularly in areas with pre-existing instability.
• Heavy Rainfall and Flooding : The likelihood of land movement increases after successive storms. Prolonged or intense rainfall saturates soil, reducing its cohesion and triggering slope failures.
• Coastal Erosion: Waves and storm surge erode coastal cliffs, leading to instability and eventual collapse, particularly in areas such as County beaches and coastal communities, many of which have previously experienced significant erosion. • Wildfires: Loss of vegetation due to fires reduces the soil’s ability to retain moisture, making slopes more susceptible to erosion and land movement during subsequent rain events.
• Burn Scars: Wildfire burn scars significantly elevate the risk of land movement by stripping the land of stabilizing vegetation. Areas affected by major fires such as the Woolsey Fire (2018), Bobcat Fire (2020), Bridge Fire (2024), Eaton Fire (2025), and Palisades Fire (2025) have shown increased susceptibility to land movement due to reduced soil stability and rapid runoff during rainstorms.

6.8.2 Location
Los Angeles County is home to multiple regions susceptible to land movement due to steep slopes, unstable geology, and weather patterns. The California Geological Survey (CGS) Landslide Susceptibility Map highlights high -risk areas. For a better visual representation of the Land Movement Hazard within the LA County planning area, please reference Appendix A for maps that show areas that are susceptible to land movement and recent burn scars.

Potential land movement areas include (but are not limited to):
• Santa Monica Mountains
• San Gabriel Mountains
• Sierra Pelona Mountains
• Baldwin Hills
• Puente Hills
• Palos Verdes Hills
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These areas are particularly vulnerable due to their steep terrains, weak rock formations, and history of slope movement. Additionally, human activities such as grading, excavation, and construction in these regions can further destabilize the ground, increasing the likelihood of land movement. Areas impacted by past wildfires, known as burn scars, are also highly susceptible to land movement, as the loss of vegetation reduces soil stability and increases erosion risks during heavy rains. This is particularly concerning in wildfire-prone areas such as the Santa Monica Mountains and the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains, where post -fire land movement have historically caused significant damage.

6.8.3 Extent
The extent of land movement in Los Angeles is significant and varied, influenced by its unique geological setting. According to the 2011 CGS Landslide Susceptibility Map, approximately 750 square miles (15.75%) of Los Angeles County fall within high -risk landslide zones. The highest concentrations of deep-seated landslide susceptibility are distributed as follows:

Table 6-5 Landslide Susceptibility Map
Area High-Risk Landslide Zones
(sq. miles)
Percentage of Total Land
Area
Los Angeles County 750.02 15.75%
Unincorporated Areas 577.63 18.99%
Supervisorial District 1 17.29 7.02%
Supervisorial District 2 2.73 1.68%
Supervisorial District 3 114.61 26.58%
Supervisorial District 4 105.12 23.89%
Supervisorial District 5 509.31 18.14%

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6.8.4 History
Land movement have historically caused significant damage in Los Angeles County, often resulting in property destruction, infrastructure damage, and road closures. There have been no federal declarations or state proclamations for dam failure in the last five years. Some of the most notable events include:
• 1956 – Portuguese Bend Landslide: A massive landslide on the Palos Verdes Peninsula began in 1956 and remains active today. The movement of land has displaced homes and infrastructure, highlighting the region’s ongoing geologic instability.
• 1994 – Northridge Earthquake -Induced Land movement : The earthquake triggered more than 11,000 moving events, primarily in the Santa Susana Mountains and San Gabriel Mountains, causing extensive road and structural damage. • March 1995 – Pacific Palisades Landslide: Heavy rains weakened the coastal bluffs, leading to a 300 -foot-w i d e c o l l a p s e t h a t b u r i e d p a r t o f t h e P a c i fi c C o a s t Highway under 30 feet of debris.
• March 2005 – Sunset Mesa Landslide: A slope failure near Malibu caused over 20,000 cubic yards of debris to block roadways and damage property. • July 2023 – Peartree Lane Land Movement (Rolling Hills Estates) : A sudden slope failure resulted in the displacement of 12 homes, which were red-tagged due to structural instability.
• September 2024 – Accelerated Land Movement in Rancho Palos Verdes : A significant increase in land movement, with certain areas shifting up to four inches per week toward the ocean, threatening roads and over 250 residential properties.

6.8.5 Types of Land Movement
Debris Flow/ Mudflow/ Soil Movement
Debris flow involves the rapid movement of a dense mixture of water , soil, rock, and organic material down a slope. This process can have significant impacts on landscapes, ecosystems, and human infrastructure.

Debris flows are characterized by their fluid-like behavior and ability to transport large objects, such as boulders and trees. They can travel at high speeds making them highly destructive. The composition of a debris flow can vary, but it typically includes:

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• Water: A crucial component that facilitates movement. • Soil and Rock: These provide the bulk of the material in a debris flow. • Organic Material: Includes vegetation and other natural debris that get caught in the flow.

Mudflows are rapid movements of water -saturated earth materials that can cause significant damage to both natural environments and human settlements. Mudflows are characterized by their fluid -like motion, which occurs when soil, rocks, and debris become saturated with water. This saturation reduces the friction between particles, allowing the mass to move downhill under the influence of gravity. Key characteristics include:
• Speed and Volume: Mud flows can travel at speeds up to 35 miles per hour and can carry large volumes of material, including rocks, trees, and even vehicles. • Consistency: The consistency of a mud flow can vary from a thick, viscous slurry to a watery flow. This depends on the proportion of water to solid materials. • Path: Mud flows typically follow existing drainage patterns, such as river channels and valleys, but can also carve new paths, leading to unpredictable and widespread damage.

Soil movement is a natural process that significantly impacts the environment and human activities. It involves the displacement of soil particles due to various natural and human caused factors. Key characteristics include:
• Landslides: Often occurring in hilly areas, landslides involve the downward movement of rock and soil. They can be sudden and fast -moving, making them particularly dangerous.
• Soil Creep: T h i s i s a s l o w a n d g r a d u a l m o v e m e n t o f s o i l d o w n a s l o p e , o f t e n unnoticed until significant damage occurs.
• Soil Liquefaction: During an earthquake, saturated soil can temporarily lose its strength and behave like a liquid, causing structures to sink or tilt.

Causes
In Los Angeles County, several factors contribute to the occurrence of debris flows/mudflows/ soil movement:
• Heavy Rainfall and Storm Events: Intense and prolonged rainfall, often associated with storms, can saturate the soil, reducing its stability and triggering debris flows.

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The region's Mediterranean climate, with wet winters and dry summers, creates conditions conducive to such events.
• Wildfires: Los Angeles County frequently experiences wildfires, which can burn and destabilize vegetation that normally helps hold soil in place. The loss of vegetation increases the risk of soil erosion and, consequently, debris flows during subsequent rainfalls.
• Steep Terrain: The county's mountainous terrain, including areas like County mountainous areas, is particularly prone to debris flow. The steep slopes facilitate the rapid movement of debris downhill.
• Soil Composition: Certain soil types, such as clay -rich soils, can become highly unstable when saturated with water, making them more susceptible to debris flow. • Human Activity: Urban development, road construction, and deforestation can alter natural landscapes and exacerbate conditions that lead to debris flow. • Seismic Activity: Los Angeles County is situated in a highly active seismic zone, making it prone to earthquakes. Seismic activity can lead to soil liquefaction, landslides, and ground shaking, all contributing to soil displacement.

Land Subsidence
Land subsidence is a gradual settling or sudden sinking of the Earth's surface due to various natural and human-induced factors. This hazard can have significant impacts on the environment, infrastructure, and communities.

A reduction in land elevation is one of the most noticeable features of land subsidence, leading to significant changes in the landscape. This phenomenon can occur due to natural processes, such as the dissolution of limestone, as well as human activities like the excessive extraction of groundwater, oil, or natural gas. Furthermore, land subsidence increases the risk of flooding because the lower elevation can lead to poor drainage and water accumulation. As the ground sinks, it often results in the formation of depressions, fissures, and sinkholes, which can dramatically alter the geography and infrastructure of the area.
• Depressions: Are sunken or low-lying areas on the Earth’s surface, often formed by natural or man-made processes.
• Fissures: Are a long, narrow crack or linear opening in the Earth’s crust. • Sinkholes: Are holes in the ground causes by the collapse or sinking of surface material into an underlying void.

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Causes
• Groundwater Extraction: One of the primary causes of land subsidence in Los Angeles County is the excessive extraction of groundwater. As water is pumped out of underground aquifers, the ground above can sink or settle, leading to subsidence.
• Oil and Gas Extraction: The removal of oil and natural gas from beneath the earth's surface also contributes to land subsidence. This extraction can create voids and reduce pressure in subterranean layers, causing the ground to sink. • Natural Soil Compaction: Over time, natural processes such as soil compaction can lead to gradual subsidence. In areas with loose or unconsolidated soils, the weight of overlying materials compacts the ground, resulting in a lowering of the land surface.

Rock Falls
Rock falls are a natural geological phenomenon where rock fragments break free from a steep slope or cliff and tumble downward. These events can range from small pebbles dislodging to massive boulders crashing down with significant force and impact.

Rock falls are characterized by:
• Speed and Suddenness: Rock falls occur quickly and without much warning, making them particularly dangerous.
• Varied Sizes: The size of the falling material can range from small pebbles to large boulders, impacting the severity of the event.
• Path Predictability: While the initial trigger point is often identifiable, the path of descent can be unpredictable due to varying terrain and obstacles.

Causes

The primary causes of rock falls include:
• Weathering and Erosion: Over time, weathering processes such as freeze-thaw cycles, chemical weathering, and the action of water can weaken rock structures.

Erosion can undermine the base of slopes, making rocks more susceptible to falling. • Seismic Activity: Los Angeles County is located in a seismically active region.

Earthquakes can dislodge rocks from cliffs and steep slopes, triggering rock falls.

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• Heavy Rainfall: Intense or prolonged rainfall can saturate the ground, increasing the weight and pressure on rock faces. This saturation can lead to the loosening and collapse of rocks.
• Human Activity: Construction, mining, and other human activities can destabilize rock formations. The vibrations from heavy machinery and blasting can initiate rock falls.

6.8.6 Probability
Landslides and other land movement events happen in Los Angeles County fairly often, especially after heavy rain or in areas that recently had wildfires or are prone to sliding. • Small landslides (like debris flows) are most likely during years with heavy rain, especially El Niño years. These happen every 2 to 7 years; there is 14% to 50% chance each year during those cycles.
• In high -risk zones (like steep mountain slopes with a history of movement), probability is 1–2% chance per year, especially following multi-year wet periods or major wildfires.
• Some areas of the County have been experiencing continuous sliding.

6.8.7 Vulnerability
Land movement pose risks to life, property, and essential infrastructure. The 2024 THIRA projects that approximately 1.2 million residents in Los Angeles County could be directly or indirectly affected by land movement. The most at -risk populations include:
• Residents of hillside and canyon communities such as Malibu, Topanga, and the Palos Verdes Peninsula.
• Homeowners in coastal bluff areas that are facing erosion-driven slope failures. • C o m m u n i t i e s i n w i l d fi r e b u r n s c a r a r e a s , w h e r e t h e l o s s o f v e g e t a t i o n i n c r e a s e s landslide probability during heavy rains.
• The Access and Functional Needs (AFN) community who may face challenges in evacuating or leaving landslide-prone areas.

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Contextual Overview
Los Angeles County’s diverse topography includes many hillside communities susceptible to deep -seated landslides, especially after wildfire or heavy rain. These hazards can isolate communities, damage property, and disrupt lifelines.

Extent of Exposure
• Total Area Exposed: 284.57 sq mi
• Supervisorial Districts (SD) Impacted:
o SD5: 151.96 sq mi (5.41%)
o SD3: 90.23 sq mi (20.93%)
o SD4: 25.94 sq mi (12.20%)
o SD1: 13.77 sq mi (3.90%)
o SD2: 2.68 sq mi (0.74%)
• Critical Facilities Affected:
o Fire Department: 41 (12.17%)
o Public Works: 32 (13.91%)
o Health Services: 12 (18.46%)
o Public Health: 4 (10.00%)
o Libraries: 9 (10.34%)
o Parks: 27 (14.92%)
o Education: 8 (9.76%)
Problem Statement
Landslides pose a serious risk to hillside communities and access routes, especially in areas recovering from wildfire. Current development and road infrastructure may not be resilient against slope failure. Mitigation actions should include slope stabiliz ation, targeted buyouts or relocations, and early warning systems.

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6.8.8 Impacts
Los Angeles County's diverse landscape and dense population make it highly susceptible to the effects of land movement, affecting critical infrastructure and raising significant economic, social, and safety concerns.

Transportation Networks
Los Angeles County's extensive transportation network is vital for daily commutes, goods transport, and emergency services. Land movement can severely impact these systems:
• Road Damage: Causes closures, hazardous driving conditions and costly repairs , as seen annually on Pacific Coast Highway (PCH), and many other local roads. • Bridge Compromise: Affects structural integrity, necessitating closures and expensive reconstructions.
• Public Transit Disruptions: Impacts train tracks and bus routes, leading to delays and service interruptions.
• Rail Systems: Track misalignment can cause delays and potential derailments, affecting both passenger and freight lines.

Water Supply Systems
The county's water delivery system is complex and vulnerable to land movement:
• Compromised Pipelines : Leads to ruptures or leaks, disrupting supply and requiring major repairs.
• Reservoir Impact: Landslides can affect water quality and storage capacity.

Energy Infrastructure
Land movement poses risks to Los Angeles County's energy infrastructure, including:
• Electrical Grid Vulnerabilities: Land movement can damage power lines and substations, causing outages.
• Gas Pipeline Risks: Soil shifts can result in gas leaks or explosions, endangering safety.

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Communication Systems
Reliable communication is critical, and land movement can disrupt:
• Telecommunication Towers: Structural damage can impair cellular and internet services.
• Underground Cables: Earth shifts can damage cables, affecting connectivity.

Emergency Services Facilities
• Hospitals and Fire Stations: Essential for emergency response, but structural damage could impede operations, underscoring the need for resilient construction and strategic planning.

Economic Impacts
• Infrastructure Damage: Leads to costly repairs and maintenance of roads, bridges, and buildings.
• Property Loss: Homeowners face financial losses due to property damage or devaluation.

Environmental Impacts
• Ecosystem Disruption: Soil movement can lead to habitat loss and affect local flora and fauna.
• Increased Pollution: Erosion can result in sediment runoff, degrading water quality in rivers and oceans.

For a better visual representation of the Land Movement Hazard within the LA County planning area, please reference Appendix A for maps that show areas that are susceptible to land movement and recent burn scars.

6.8.9 Mitigation Strategies
To reduce the impact of land movement, Los Angeles County has implemented several mitigation and preparedness strategies, including:
• Land Use and Development Regulations: Restricting development in high -risk landslide zones to prevent new structures from being built on unstable terrain. • Infrastructure Resilience: Reinforcing existing infrastructure through slope stabilization projects, retaining walls, and improved drainage systems.

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• Stabilization Regulations: Implementing stricter grading and excavation regulations to minimize the destabilization of slopes.
• Public Awareness Campaigns: Enhancing landslide early notifications by monitoring potential movement areas and precipitation thresholds. • Evacuation Planning: Developing evacuation plans for at -risk communities, ensuring residents receive timely alerts and clear guidance. • Public Education: Conducting public education campaigns to inform residents about recognizing landslide warning signs and preparedness measures. • Operational Area Coordination: Increasing coordination across state, federal, and Office of Emergency Management officials with local jurisdictions to improve forecasting and response efforts.

6.8.10 Summary
Land movement remains a significant hazard in Los Angeles County, particularly in steep and coastal regions. The Palos Verdes Peninsula, Santa Monica Mountains, and San Gabriel Mountains are among the most vulnerable areas, with climate change and human activities exacerbating risks. By implementing land -use regulations, infrastructure reinforcements, and emergency response improvements, the County can enhance resilience and reduce losses in the future. Local governments and communities must actively monitor and manage contributing factors to effectively mitigate the impacts of land subsidence.

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6.9 Tsunami

6.9.1 Nature
This section characterizes tsunamis as
high-energy, long-wavelength ocean
waves generated primarily by
significant offshore seismic events
(such as subduction zone
earthquakes), submarine landslides,
or volcanic eruptions. In the context of
Los Angeles County, tsunamis
represent a relatively infrequent but
potentially high -impact hazard that
could produce rapid coastal
inundation and surge impacts.

Characteristics:
• Triggered mainly by distant, large-
magnitude seismic events.
• Features long wavelengths and prolonged arrival times. • Capable of producing rapid, deep inundation along low-lying coastal areas. • In summary, tsunamis are dynamic natural phenomena with the potential to cause sudden coastal flooding and damage if a triggering event occurs.

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6.9.2 Location
The updated tsunami hazard profile focuses on the coastal areas of Los Angeles County. The new zone map —developed using enhanced modeling techniques and updated coastal geomorphology data—highlights areas along the Pacific shoreline that are at risk. These include regions adjacent to the Los Angeles Basin, parts of Long Beach, Santa Monica Bay, and other low-elevation coastal zones.

For a better visual representation of Tsunami Inundation zones within the LA County planning area, please reference Appendix A for a “Tsunami Inundation Area” map.

Important Details:
• Coastal segments from the western margins of the Los Angeles Basin extending to the border with Orange County.

Overall, the coastal areas of Los Angeles County, containing our communities and infrastructure, face heightened exposure.

6.9.3 Extent
Using the latest hydrodynamic and inundation modeling, the updated tsunami inundation (zone) map provides a refined view of the extent of potential flooding. The map illustrates how tsunami waves could propagate inland, showing revised boundaries that account for current sea -level conditions and future sea -level rise projections.

Highlights:
• Inundation depths and reach have been recalculated, with some areas potentially experiencing water levels up to several feet in depth.
• The inland reach of flooding varies by local topography , with flat, low-lying areas showing the greatest potential for impacts . I m p a c t e d a r e a s i n c l u d e , b u t a r e n o t limited to, Long Beach, The ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles, Marina del Rey, Venice and Santa Monica.
• Critical infrastructure within the updated zones has been identified to prioritize mitigation and evacuation routes for planning.

In essence, the extent of tsunami impacts is now mapped more precisely, offering local decision-makers a clearer view of potential flooding depths and distances inland.

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6.9.4 History
Historically, significant tsunami events in the Los Angeles region are rare, though distant seismic events (for example: the 1960 Chilean tsunami, or the most recent 2022 Tonga tsunami) have been known to produce measurable impacts. Historical records combined with geological studies indicate that while tsunamis have occurred in the past, their frequency is low compared to other hazards. However, the region’s proximity to major tectonic boundaries necessitates ongoing vigilance.

Historical Context:
• Past events have been sporadic but can serve as valuable lessons for preparedness. • Historical inundation records and sediment studies confirm that tsunamis have reached the Los Angeles coast in prehistory.
• Lessons learned from past minor events underscore the importance of maintaining updated hazard maps.

Thus, while historical tsunami events are infrequent, they provide a critical context for understanding future risks and guiding preparedness measures. There have been no federal declarations or state proclamations for tsunami in the last five years.

6.9.5 Probability
The probability of a tsunami affecting Los Angeles County is generally low when compared to more frequent hazards like earthquakes or floods. Nevertheless, the potential for a distance source tsunami generated by a distant, large seismic event remains a realistic risk. Updated probabilistic assessments—incorporating recent seismic data and tsunami modeling indicate that while the overall likelihood is low, the consequences in the event of a tsunami can be severe.

Probability Considerations:
• Low annual probability but high consequence if an event occurs ; Los Angeles County has about a 2% annual chance.
• Distance source events from subduction zones across the ocean contribute most to the risk.
• Continuous monitoring and updated modeling are essential to reassess the risk over time.
• In summary, the probability of a tsunami remains low, but due to the potential for high-impact outcomes, it warrants continuous study and preparedness.

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6.9.6 Vulnerability
Coastal vulnerability in Los Angeles County is significantly influenced by factors such as urban density, low -elevation terrain, aging infrastructure, and socio-economic conditions. The updated tsunami zone map now better delineates areas where these vulnerabilities are most pronounced, highlighting communities that may have limited evacuation routes and fewer resources to recover from rapid inundation. About 75,000 people live in parts of Los Angeles County that could be flooded by a tsunami. Many people a lso work in these coastal areas, and around 660 unhoused individuals live there, making them especially at risk because they may not have easy access to shelter or transportation.

Tourism adds even more people to these areas, especially during busy weekends or holidays. Places like Santa Monica can see up to 300,000 visitors a day during peak times. This makes evacuating harder if a tsunami warning is issued. Roads near the coast can quickly become crowded, and visitors may not know the best way to leave.

Traffic could slow down emergency plans, so it’s important to have clear signs, early warnings, and good traffic control to help people get to safety quickly.

Factors:
• High population density in low-lying coastal areas.
• Critical infrastructure (e.g., hospitals, utilities, ports and shipping, transportation networks) located within the inundation zones.
• Socio-economic and language barriers that may hinder effective emergency response.
• Limited natural barriers in some coastal segments.
• Vulnerable communities include those with high population densities and critical infrastructure near the coast.

Ultimately, the vulnerability of the region is compounded by both physical exposures and social factors, underscoring the need for targeted mitigation efforts.

Contextual Overview
Coastal communities in Los Angeles County, including ports and tourist zones, are at risk from tsunamis. These rare but highly destructive events can inundate coastal infrastructure with little warning.

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Extent of Exposure
• Total Area Exposed: 32.89 sq mi
• Supervisorial Districts (SD) Impacted:
o SD4: 15.83 sq mi (7.43%)
o SD3: 12.59 sq mi (2.92%)
o SD2: 2.03 sq mi (0.56%)
• Critical Facilities Affected:
o Fire Department: 16 (4.75%)
o Public Works: 9 (3.91%)
o Health Services: 3 (4.62%)
o Public Health: 1 (2.50%)
o Libraries: 5 (5.75%)
o Parks: 13 (7.26%)
o Education: 3 (3.66%)
Problem Statement
Tsunamis can cause rapid and catastrophic coastal flooding. With critical coastal infrastructure and residential areas exposed, especially in SD4 and SD3, there is a need for robust evacuation planning, vertical evacuation shelters, and community outreach to enhance preparedness and reduce vulnerability.

6.9.7 Impacts
Should a tsunami occur, the potential impacts on Los Angeles County could be extensive. Parts of Los Angeles County that could be impacted by a Tsunami are Marina Del Rey, Port of Los Angeles, Port of Long Beach, and other beach communities in low lying areas. The updated impact assessments reflect possible scenarios ranging from significant property damage to loss of life and long-term economic disruption. The new zone map aids in quantifying these impacts by providing detailed inundation depths and spatial extents, thereby allowing for better risk communication and planning.

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Potential Impacts:
• Severe flooding of coastal infrastructure and residential areas. • Disruption of transportation, utility services, and emergency response operations. • Economic losses in key sectors such as tourism, shipping, and local commerce. • Social impacts including displacement, loss of livelihoods, and challenges in emergency sheltering.

I n s h o r t , t h e p o t e n t i a l i m p a c t s o f a t s u n a m i a r e f a r-reaching, necessitating robust mitigation, evacuation, and recovery planning to minimize harm.

For a better visual representation of Tsunami Inundation zones within the LA County planning area, please reference Appendix A for a “Tsunami Inundation Area” map.

6.9.8 Summary
The updated tsunami section for the 202 5 AHMP incorporates the latest scientific findings and mapping techniques to provide a more precise understanding of tsunami risks in Los Angeles County. By integrating an updated inundation zone map, the revision clarifies the spatial extent of potential floodi ng and highlights the vulnerabilities in coastal communities. This comprehensive update is designed to guide decision-makers in enhancing preparedness, targeting mitigation strategies, and strengthening community resilience.

Key Takeaways:
• Nature: Tsunamis are infrequent but high -energy events capable of rapid coastal inundation.
• Location & Extent: The updated zone map identifies vulnerable coastal areas with revised inland flood extents.
• History & Probability: Historical events are rare; however, distance events remain a realistic risk.
• Vulnerability & Impacts: High population density and critical infrastructure in coastal zones amplify risk, with potential for severe economic and social disruption.

This updated section is intended to serve as a critical tool for policymakers, emergency managers, and community stakeholders as they work together to reduce the long-term risks associated with tsunamis and enhance overall regional resilience.

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6.10 Severe Wind and Tornado

6.10.1 Nature
Severe wind and tornadoes pose
significant threats to life, property, and
infrastructure, though they differ in
frequency and intensity within Los Angeles
County. Severe wind events, particularly
Santa Ana winds, are a recurring natural
hazard that can cau se widespread
damage, including downed power lines,
tree falls, and structural damage. These
winds originate from high -pressure
systems over the Great Basin, funneling dry
and warm air through mountain passes into
the coastal and valley regions at high
speeds. Additionally, storm -driven winds,
microbursts, straight-line winds and gust
fronts associated with severe weather can
create hazardous conditions, often leading
to transportation disruptions, fire hazards,
and prolonged power outages.

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Tornadoes, while relatively rare in the region, have been recorded and can cause localized but intense damage. These violent windstorms form when unstable atmospheric conditions produce rotating updrafts, resulting in a funnel cloud that contacts the ground.

6.10.2 Location
Severe wind events affect the entire Los Angeles County planning area, with the strongest occurrences in canyon passes, valleys, and coastal regions. The Santa Ana winds are most intense in the fall and winter months, particularly impacting areas in the Valley, and foothill communities of the County. Storm-driven winds, on the other hand, can impact any part of the county and vary in intensity based on weather patterns.

T h e s e w i n d s c a n r e a c h s p e e d s o f 6 0 t o 8 0 m p h , s o m e t i m e s e x c e e d i n g t h o s e thresholds, leading to significant damage.

Tornadoes are more sporadic in occurrence and can develop in various parts of the county, particularly in lowland areas where severe thunderstorms have the potential to form rotating systems.

6.10.3 Extent
Winds and breezes are common occurrences in LA County. As wind speeds increase so does the potential for a catastrophic event. Hot dry winds can reach high speeds as they descend from the inland desert regions, creating not only critical wind events but also extremely dangerous fire conditions and contributing to the spread of wildfires.

The winds are classified in the Beaufort Wind Scale, see Figure 6.10.1 below. Beaufort wind scale is an empirical scale that relates wind speed to observed conditions at se a or land. It uses numerical scale from 1 -12 to describe wind force based on visual observations of the effects of the wind and gives quantitative measures of the wind. For example, o is described as ‘calm’ a sea like a mirror while 12 described as hurrica ne force with devastating conditions.

Tornadoes are classified using the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale Figure 6.10.2. The Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale is specifically used to rate the intensity of tornados based on the damage they cause (damage indicators) such as building types, and trees. It ranges from EF -0 to EF -5, with increasing numbers indicate stronger tornados an d more severe damage. While tornadoes in the region typically do not exceed EF -1 County of Los Angeles
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intensity, they can still produce damaging winds above 100 mph, capable of tearing roofs off buildings, uprooting trees, and overturning vehicles.

Beaufort Wind Scale:

Force
Wind
(Knots)
WMO
Classification
Appearance of Wind Effects
On the Water On Land
0 Less
than 1 Calm Sea surface smooth and
mirror-like
Calm, smoke rises
vertically
1 1-3 Light Air Scaly ripples, no foam crests
Smoke drift indicates
wind direction, still wind
vanes
2 4-6 Light Breeze Small wavelets, crests glassy,
no breaking
Wind felt on face, leaves
rustle, vanes begin to
move
3 7-10 Gentle
Breeze
Large wavelets, crests begin
to break, scattered whitecaps

Leaves and small twigs
constantly moving, light
flags extended
4 11-16 Moderate
Breeze
Small waves 1-4 ft. becoming
longer, numerous whitecaps
Dust, leaves, and loose
paper lifted, small tree
branches move
5 17-21 Fresh Breeze
Moderate waves 4-8 ft taking
longer form, many whitecaps,
some spray
Small trees in leaf begin
to sway
6 22-27 Strong
Breeze
Larger waves 8-13 ft,
whitecaps common, more
spray
Larger tree branches
moving, whistling in
wires
7 28-33 Near Gale
Sea heaps up, waves 13-19 ft,
white foam streaks off
breakers
Whole trees moving,
resistance felt walking
against wind
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8 34-40 Gale
Moderately high (18-25 ft)
waves of greater length,
edges of crests begin to
break into spindrift, foam
blown in streaks
Twigs breaking off trees,
generally impedes
progress
9 41-47 Strong Gale
High waves (23-32 ft), sea
begins to roll, dense streaks
of foam, spray may reduce
visibility
Slight structural damage
occurs, slate blows off
roofs
10 48-55 Storm
Very high waves (29-41 ft)
with overhanging crests, sea
white with densely blown
foam, heavy rolling, lowered
visibility
Seldom experienced on
land, trees broken or
uprooted, "considerable
structural damage"
11 56-63 Violent Storm
Exceptionally high (37-52 ft)
waves, foam patches cover
sea, visibility more reduced

12 64+ Hurricane
Air filled with foam, waves
over 45 ft, sea completely
white with driving spray,
visibility greatly reduced

Figure 6.10.1 Beaufort Wind Scale

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Enhanced Fujita Scale:

THE ENHANCED FUJITA SCALE (EF SCALE)
EF RATING 3 Second Gust (MPH) DAMAGE
EF 0 65-85 MPH Light: Branches broken,
minor roof damage
EF 1 86-110 MPH Moderate: Roofs
damaged; trees uprooted
EF 2 111-135 MPH Considerable: Roofs torn
off, large trees down
EF 3 136-165 MPH Severe: Homes destroyed;
cars lifted
EF 4 166-200 MPH Devastating: Houses
leveled; debris airborne
EF 5 Over 200 MPH Incredible: Homes swept
away; total destruction

6.10.4 History
Los Angeles County has experienced multiple severe wind events and occasional tornadoes in recent history which caused destructions, and wildfires. There have been no federal declarations or state proclamations for Severe Wind & Tornadoes in the last five years. Some notable incidents include:
• November-December 2011: A wind event caused mor e than $35 million in damages and severely impacted several foothill communities and unincorporated areas.
• December 2019: An EF-0 tornado touched down in South Los Angeles, causing minor roof damage and downing power lines.
• January 2021: A severe windstorm impacted the region, leading to damage across multiple communities and emergency response efforts to clear roadways. • September 2021: An EF-0 tornado developed near the community Lake of Los Angeles; %no damage was reported.

Figure 6.10.2 Enhanced Fujita Scale

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• April 2023: An EF-0 tornado recorded in Cerritos causing tree damage. • March 2023 (DR# 4699 ): An EF-1 tornado struck Montebello, one of the strongest tornadoes recorded in the area, causing significant damage to commercial structures and vehicles.
• May 2023: An EF -0 tornado occurred near the communities of Carson and Compton damaging buildings and vehicles.
• August 2023 ( DR# 4750 ): Tropical Storm Hillary impacting Los Angeles County.
• February 2024: Strong winds impacting across Eastern Santa Monica Mountain and Santa Clarita Valley.
• March 2024: Strong winds impacting areas around San Gabriel Valley. • January 2025 (DR# 4856): A severe windstorm impacted the region, leading to a Potentially Dangerous Situation (PDS), red flag conditions. Several fires broke out in the area, which exhibited extreme fire behavior, causing widespread destruction.
• March 2025 (DR# 4856): As part of a storm event, an EF-0 tornado struck Pico Rivera, California, at 3:15am, with wind speeds reaching up to 85 mph.

6.10.5 Probability
Severe wind events are a regular occurrence in Los Angeles County, with a h igh probability, 99% chance recurring annually. Santa Ana winds are particularly common during the cooler months, and climate patterns suggest that extreme wind events may become more frequent due to changing weather dynamics. Because wind events and tornados are localized in nature, probability vary from one area to another and is difficult to determine percentage of happening in one area. Tornadoes remain a low- probability hazard, 10% chance, in the planning area; however, given past occurrences, they cannot be ruled out entirely. Atmospheric conditions capable of producing tornadoes may arise during severe thunderstorms, particularly in winter storm systems that generate strong wind shear. While the likelihood of an EF-2 or stronger tornado is minimal, the potential for localized damage remains. The Santa Ana winds occur ten to twenty-five times annually and can last for several days, posing a recurring threat of damage and disruption in Los Angeles County.

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6.10.6 Vulnerability
Severe wind and tornadoes can be extensive, affecting both infrastructure and public safety. High-wind events pose a risk to critical infrastructure, particularly power lines, communication systems, and transportation networks. Buildings, especially older structures and mobile homes, are vulnerable to wind -related damage, including roof failures, window breakage, and structural collapse.

In addition to physical damage, severe wind events can cause significant economic disruptions. Prolonged power outages impact businesses, healthcare facilities, and emergency response services. Road closures and debris blockages hinder mobility and commerce, while wind -driven wildfires, a secondary hazard of Santa Ana winds, can lead to devastating losses.

Public safety is also a major concern, with risks of flying debris, vehicle accidents, overturned vehicles, and respiratory issues caused by airborne dust and pollutants stirred up by high winds.

Severe wind and tornado events disproportionately impact certain populations and infrastructure in Los Angeles County due to both geographic exposure and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. These hazards can disrupt critical services, exacerbate existing inequalities, and significantly damage structures not built to withstand extreme wind conditions.

Vulnerable Populations
Out of the county’s estimated 10.2 million residents, the following populations are considered especially vulnerable:
• Older Adults (65+): Approx. 1.6 million residents (15.5%)—more likely to suffer injury or health complications during wind -related power outages and evacuation events.
• Access and Functional Needs (AFN) Populations: Estimated 1.7 million individuals (17%) including those with disabilities, limited mobility, or communication barriers.
• Low-Income Households: Over 13% of households fall below the poverty line and may lack the resources for structural mitigation or relocation during prolonged outages.

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• People Experiencing Homelessness (PEH): Over 75,000 individuals (2024 LAHSA count), at direct risk from falling debris and lack of shelter during windstorms.
• Mobile Home Residents: Approximately 98,000 units countywide, concentrated in inland valleys and foothill communities that are highly exposed to Santa Ana winds.
• Children Under Age 5: Around 600,000 countywide, vulnerable to respiratory complications from airborne particulates and debris stirred by strong winds. • Economic Impact: Business disruptions, increased insurance claims, and the costs of emergency response and recovery add financial burdens to local communities.

Critical Infrastructure at Risk
Severe wind and tornado events can cause widespread cascading failures in vital systems, including:
• Power Infrastructure: Los Angeles County contains over 20,000 miles of overhead power lines vulnerable to high-wind damage and fire ignition. • Medical Facilities: Over 350 licensed hospitals and health clinics, many reliant on uninterrupted power and access for vulnerable patient populations. • Transportation Corridors: Major highways (I-5, I -10, US -101) and over 3,100 bridges, particularly in canyon and foothill areas, are susceptible to obstruction by fallen trees and debris.
• Communication Towers: Over 800 critical telecom sites serve the county’s emergency communications and can be disrupted by high wind gusts. • Schools: Approximately 2,300 public K–12 schools and 100+ college campuses face operational disruptions from power outages or infrastructure damage during events.

6.10.7 Impacts
Severe wind and tornado events pose significant threats to critical infrastructure, public safety, and community operations in Los Angeles County. High winds, such as those during Santa Ana events, regularly damage power lines, uproot trees, and disable County of Los Angeles
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transportation corridors. A notable example occurred in January 2025, when widespread windstorms caused power outages for more than 200,000 customers, including approximately 127,000 Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) customers and over 52,000 Southern California Edison (SCE) customers.

During this same period, wildfires exacerbated by the strong winds impacted several medical facilities, disrupting critical health services and requiring the emergency relocation of patients.

Tornadoes, while rare, have also demonstrated destructive capacity in localized areas.

In March 2025, an EF-0 tornado touched down in Pico Rivera, downing power lines and trees and obstructing roadways, highlighting the potential for tornadic activity to impact urban communities. These hazards not only endanger life and property but also threaten economic continuity and the functioning of emergency services, particularly in vulnerable neighborhoods and areas with aging infrastructure.

6.10.8 Mitigation and Preparedness
Efforts to mitigate the effects of severe wind and tornadoes should focus on improving structural resilience, enhancing early warnings and alerts, and increasing public awareness of such events.

Severe Wind and Tornado Mitigation
• Strengthening building codes to require wind -resistant design features.

Promoting the use of wind -resistant materials and construction techniques in new developments.
• Conducting regular tree-trimming and vegetation management to reduce infrastructure damage risks.
• Retrofitting and reinforcing critical infrastructure, such as power lines and utility systems, to withstand high-wind conditions.
• Implementing public education campaigns on windstorm preparedness and safety measures.
• Leveraging early warning alerting and preparedness messaging, as well as integrating emergency messaging with local broadcast and mobile networks.

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6.10.9 Summary
Severe wind and tornadoes, though differing in frequency, remain potential hazards for Los Angeles County. Santa Ana winds and storm -driven gusts regularly impact the region, causing damage to infrastructure and increasing wildfire risks. While tornadoes are rare, their occasional occurrence necessitates preparedness and mitigation efforts.

By implementing stronger building codes, reinforcing critical infrastructure, and enhancing preparedness and public awareness, the county can reduce its vulnerability to these hazards, helps to better protect its residents from potential hazards of severe winds and tornado and improve community resilience.

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6.11 Mass Violence

6.11.1 Nature
This section outlines the defining
characteristics of mass violence,
which includes intentional, high -
impact incidents such as terrorism,
active shooter events, vehicle-
rammings, and other coordinated
attacks. Understanding the nature of
these events is cr itical for
developing effective mitigation
strategies.
• Mass violence includes both
targeted attacks (e.g.,
ideologically motivated
terrorism) and opportunistic
acts (e.g., active shooters or
violent assaults in public
spaces).
• These incidents are characterized by their low warning time, high lethality, and potential to incite widespread fear and panic.

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• Acts of mass violence
may be perpetrated by
individuals, small groups,
or well-organized
networks, and can
involve firearms,
explosives, vehicles, or
biological agents.
• These attacks often aim
to disrupt societal
functions, damage
infrastructure, or exploit
vulnerabilities in soft
targets such as schools,
places of worship, or
entertainment venues.

In summary, the nature of mass
violence lies in its deliberate
intent to inflict harm on groups
and disrupt public order,
making strong mitigation
measures essential for
protecting life and property of
Los Angeles County.

6.11.2 Extent
The potential extent of mass
violence is characterized by its
ability to cause widespread
disruption and significant loss of
life and property.

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• Events can result in many casualties and severe physical and psychological impacts.
• Mass violence can disrupt essential services, strain emergency response systems, and create cascading socioeconomic effects.
• The overall disruption may extend far beyond the immediate scene, affecting broader community resilience.

In essence, while these events may be rare, their extensive impacts necessitate comprehensive planning and resilient infrastructure.

6.11.3 History
Historical data illustrates that mass violence has evolved over time, with earlier events shaping current mitigation strategies and more recent incidents underscoring emerging vulnerabilities. Previous mitigation and other plans referenced events such as large-scale terrorist attacks and active shooter incidents. • Recent events in the last five years include high -profile active shooter incidents at schools, public transportation hubs, and commercial centers, as well as vehicle-ramming attacks in urban areas.

Overall, the historical trend shows that while frequency remains low, the severity of mass violence incidents has escalated, necessitating continual updates to mitigation strategies.

6.11.4 Location
Mass violence incidents tend to occur in areas where people naturally congregate, including urban centers, transportation hubs, educational and religious institutions, shopping centers, and public events and venues.
• Public spaces such as transit stations, stadiums, malls and other locations where large number of people assemble, are considered higher-risk areas. • Critical infrastructure location , like government buildings and commercial center, are often targeted.
• Certain events may also occur in areas lacking adequate physical security or surveillance.

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Thus, identifying and securing high -density locations is a key focus for mitigating the effects of mass violence.

6.11.5 Probability
The probability of mass violence incidents is difficult to predict precisely; however, the potential for occurrence is recognized as a persistent low -frequency, high-impact risk that requires constant vigilance.
• Such incidents are statistically rare yet present a disproportionate risk due to their catastrophic consequences.
• Threat assessments and intelligence reports indicate that evolving tactics may increase probability over time.
• Continuous monitoring and updated threat analyses (e.g., via THIRA processes) are essential in quantifying risk levels.

In summary, while mass violence events are not common, their inherent unpredictability and high severity demand that communities prepare as if an incident could occur at any time.

6.11.6 Vulnerability
Mass violence depends on a variety of factors, including physical infrastructure design, public awareness, security preparedness, and interagency coordination. • Critical vulnerabilities include open public spaces with minimal physical barriers or limited or ineffective safety / security protocols in place. •  Gaps in training and preparedness among first responders can exacerbate the situation during an active incident.
• Social vulnerabilities —such as communication gaps or lack of multilingual emergency information—may hinder rapid response and community resilience.

Thus, reducing vulnerability involves investing in infrastructure hardening, robust security measures, regular training exercises, and effective public communication strategies.

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6.11.7 Impacts
The impacts of mass violence events are multifaceted, life safety, community stability, and the local economy.
• Immediate impacts include fatalities, injuries, and trauma among affected populations.
• Secondary impacts may encompass prolonged disruption of local services, economic downturns, and lasting psychological effects on communities. • Long-term consequences can involve extensive resource allocation for recovery and mitigation, further straining public systems.

Mass violence inflicts immediate harm and often triggers a chain of secondary impacts that complicate community recovery and strain long-term resilience efforts.

6.11.8 Summary
In conclusion, mitigating the hazards of mass violence requires an integrated, multi - layered approach that spans prevention, preparedness, response and recovery .

Communities must implement measures to secure high -risk locations, upgrade physical and digital security, enhance interagency coordination, and continuously update training and threat assessments.
• Mitigation strategies include physical security enhancements (e.g., barriers and surveillance), regular active shooter drills, improved emergency communication systems, and coordinated law enforcement and public health responses. • Investment in resilience-building measures and community outreach helps to ensure that, in the event of an incident, communities can recover quickly and effectively.

This section underscores that while mass violence events are rare, their potential for high impact demands rigorous preparedness and adaptive mitigation strategies to safeguard lives and maintain community functionality.

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6.12 Cybersecurity Incidents

6.12.1 Nature
Cybersecurity incidents refer to
disruptive events affecting digital
networks and systems. These events
involve the unauthorized electronic
or physical access of information
systems that jeopardizes or disrupts
the integrity, confidentiality, or
availability of information . Cyber
incidents can range from minor
targeted data breaches to large ‐
scale ransomware attacks and
distributed denial -of-service (DDoS)
events that compromise critical
infrastructure. Common types of
cybersecurity incidents include, but
are not limited to:
• Data Breaches: The compromise, unauthorized disclosure, or unauthorized acquisition of information.

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• Malware: Malicious hardware, firmware, or software that is intentionally included or inserted in a system for a harmful purpose. • Ransomware: A type of malicious software designed to lock access to a system until a ransom payment is received. Note that ransom payment is not a guarantee that system access will be restored by the threat actor. • Denial of Service (DoS): An attack meant to shut down a machine or network, rendering it inaccessible to its intended users.
• Distributed Denial of Service (DDos): A DoS attack that uses numerous hosts to perform the attack.
• Insider Threats: When an insider (e.g., an employee or vendor) uses their authorized access, wittingly or unwittingly, to do harm to an organization. • Phishing Attacks: The fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable senders in order to induce individuals to reveal information or download malware by clicking on a link.

Key characteristics of a cybersecurity incident include:

Rapid Onset: Impacts to operations can occur suddenly and evolve quickly. • Sophistication: Can be highly sophisticated with state or non -state actors involved.
• Hybrid Attacks: May involve both cyber and physical components due to interdependencies.
• Non-Malicious Incidents: Technological failures that cause similar impacts to cybersecurity incidents may also occur due to non -malicious reasons such as a software or hardware issue.

Understanding the inherent digital nature and complex characteristics of these incidents is critical to developing effective prevention and mitigation strategies.

6.12.2 Location
Unlike traditional hazards that have a physical geographic footprint, cybersecurity incidents are inherently transboundary. However, their effects manifest locally through the disruption of critical services and systems and necessitate regionally coordinated preparedness and response efforts.

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Jurisdictional Relevance:
• Impact local government networks and county infrastructure. • Affect public and private sector systems within Los Angeles County. • Disrupt critical infrastructure such as utilities and cause cascading impacts. • Involve cyber nodes that, while globally distributed, converge on regional networks.

Critical Sectors Impacted:
• Hospitals and healthcare facilities.
• Financial, banking, or payroll systems.
• Transportation providers and systems.
• Utilities such as electricity, gas, and water.
• Emergency response and public safety agencies.

6.12.3 Extent
The extent of cybersecurity incidents is measured not only by the volume of compromised data or financial loss but also by the potential disruption to essential services and critical infrastructure.

Scope of Impacts:
• Rapid spread across interconnected digital systems.
• Potential for cascading failures that disrupt multiple sectors. • Economic losses that may run into millions of dollars.

Measurable Factors:
• Number of systems compromised.
• Downtime of critical infrastructure and services.
• Financial costs from remediation and lost productivity.

The extensive reach of cybersecurity incidents—both in terms of economic impact and service disruption —highlights the need for robust digital defenses , continuity of operations planning, backup systems and redundancies, disaster recovery strategies, and regional cyber response coordination.

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6.12.4 History
Historically, cybersecurity incidents have evolved from isolated breaches to coordinated attacks that leverage global networks. Early cybersecurity incidents focused on data theft and vandalism. More recent attacks have grown increasingly sophisticated and targeted critical infrastructure or use complex ransomware. Cyber threat actors include state -sponsored groups along with non-s tate groups such as criminal enterprises and terrorist organizations. Recent years have seen cybersecurity incidents affecting large corporations, public entities including local governments, and critical infrastructure sectors. Previous major cybersecurity incidents have included:
• 2024 Los Angeles County Superior Court Ransomware Attack: Resulted in the shutdown of nearly every court system, a multi-day closure of the court, and cascading impacts to operations.
• 2024 Hospital Group Attack: A major hospital company experienced an attack that caused IT and phone system outages and disrupted patient care at several Los Angeles County hospitals.
• 2024 Telecommunication Industry Attacks : A series of attacks against telecommunications providers in the United States resulted in compromised customer data.
• 2023 City Attack: A cybersecurity incident at a city within Los Angeles County caused city IT systems to be taken offline.
• 2022 Aviation Industry Attacks: A series of cybersecurity incidents targeting the airports and airlines caused transportation system disruptions.

The historical progression from rudimentary attacks to highly coordinated cybersecurity incidents underscores the growing importance of proactive risk management in the digital realm.

6.12.5 Probability
The probability of cybersecurity incidents occurring is increasing as digital interconnectivity expands and as attackers continue to innovate their methods.

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Risk Trends:
• Rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT), the network of internet - connected devices ranging from smart refrigerators to autonomous vehicles, has added new attack vectors to the threat landscape.
• Increasing sophistication of cybercriminal methods including zero-day exploits, a previously unknown cybersecurity vulnerability.
• Growing frequency of reported incidents nationally and globally.

Contributing Factors:
• Inadequate cybersecurity measures in legacy systems still being used by organizations.
• Underinvestment in cyber defense infrastructure or cybersecurity expertise. • Greater digital reliance in everyday operations without proper continuity of operations planning.

Given current trends and technological developments, the likelihood of cybersecurity incidents remains high, necessitating ongoing vigilance and enhanced preparedness measures. As cybersecurity incidents continue to increase in frequency, the potential for an incident to cause cascading and widespread impacts to critical infrastructure increases as well.

6.12.6 Vulnerability
Vulnerability in the context of cybersecurity refers to the susceptibility of digital systems to attack. This is influenced by both technological and organizational factors including, but not limited to: outdated software or use of legacy systems, insufficient patch management, inadequate segmentation and defense-in -depth strategies, and lack of cybersecurity training among personnel. Organizational challenges also contribu te to cybersecurity vulnerability including, but not limited to: budget constraints, gaps in coordination, and rapid technology adoption without corresponding security protocols.

According to the 2024 Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA), over 616,000 people may be affected by a large -scale cybersecurity incident with cascading impacts to utilities . Over 123,000 of those impacted in the THIRA scenario are estimated to have access and functional needs and over 77,000 people are County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

estimated to have limited English proficiency. Depending on the utilities affected by the incident, a widespread amount of the population could be without utility service for an extended period. Addressing these vulnerabilities is essential to reduce the risk and potential disruption of cybersecurity incidents, calling for both technical upgrades and improved interagency coordination.

6.12.7 Impacts
The impacts of cybersecurity incidents are multifaceted, affecting economic stability, public safety, and critical infrastructure operations.

Direct Impacts:
• Disruption of critical services (e.g., healthcare, emergency response , transportation, etc.).
• Extended duration Continuity of Government or Continuity of Operations event. • Financial losses due to ransom payments, remediation costs, and potential legal fees.
• Loss, compromise, or unauthorized release of sensitive data.

Indirect impacts:
• Erosion of public trust in digital services and affected institutions. • Cascading effects on physical infrastructure (e.g., power grid , water systems, wastewater, etc.).
• Long-term economic repercussions from reduced competitiveness. • The significant impacts—both direct and cascading —of cybersecurity incidents necessitate comprehensive mitigation and recovery strategies that address both technical and socioeconomic dimensions.

6.12.8 Summary
In summary, cybersecurity incidents represent an evolving and critical threat that intersects with multiple aspects of community resilience and safety.

Key Takeaways:
• Cyber incidents are dynamic, sophisticated, and far-reaching in impact • They affect local systems despite their global nature County of Los Angeles
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• Historical trends and increasing digital dependency heighten both probability and vulnerability
• Impacts extend beyond financial loss to include service disruption and cascading infrastructure failures
Cybersecurity incidents demand a proactive, coordinated response that integrates robust technical defenses with cross -sector planning and recovery efforts. By understanding the nature, scope, and potential consequences of these incidents, communities can build more resilient digital and physical infrastructures to safeguard against this growing threat.

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6.13 Transportation Incidents

6.13.1 Nature
This section describes the inherent characteristics of transportation incidents that can disrupt the continuous flow of people, goods, and emergency services across Los Angeles County. Transportation incidents can be triggered by a variety of factors including natural events, human error, and deliberate acts. Other characteristics include:
• Affected Modes of Transportation: Incidents can involve any mode of transportation such as multi -vehicle collisions, hazardous material spills, rail derailments, aviation incidents, and maritime disruptions. • Cascading Impacts: Disruptions to the transportation system o ften have the potential to trigger cascading failures due to the interconnected design of highways, rail networks, airports, and seaports.
• Contributing Factors: Incidents may be influenced by both predictable factors (e.g., rush-hour congestion) and unpredictable occurrences (e.g., extreme weather or infrastructure failure).

6.13.2 Location
The county’s network encompasses highways, rail, airports, ports, and local roads that are critical to regional mobility and commerce.

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• Freeways: Los Angeles County boasts an extensive freeway system with over 1,200 miles of high -capacity roads including corridors such as I- 5, I-405, I-10, I-710, and I-210.
• Major Transportation Hubs: The County is home to three commercial airports including Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), Long Beach Municipal Airport (LGB), and the Hollywood Burbank Airport (BUR) along with several general aviation airports. The County owns and operates Brackett Field Airport, Compton/Woodley Airport, San Gabriel Valley Airport, General William J. Fox Airfield, and Whiteman Airport. The Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, which are two of the busiest ports in the United States and v ital for national and international trade, are also in Los Angeles County. Additionally, Los Angeles Union Station serves as the largest passenger rail station on the west coast. • Other Transportation Networks: The county includes robust passenger rail, bus, and paratransit systems, along with freight rail systems, emerging mobility options such as taxis and rideshare services, and enhanced bicycle networks .

This comprehensive network is the backbone for daily commuting, freight movement, and emergency response across the region.

6.13.3 Extent
The scope of transportation incidents spans multiple modes of travel and can have widespread consequences across the county’s integrated infrastructure. Road incidents may include multi -vehicle collisions, hazardous material spills, and roadway fires impacting multiple vehicles with potential delays in emergency responses. • Rail disruptions can impede commuter and freight services, impacting both local transit and regional connectivity.
• Air and maritime incidents—such as delays at major airports or disruptions at port facilities—can significantly affect commerce, supply chains, and public safety. • Cascading effects across interconnected transportation modes may exacerbate congestion and strain additional infrastructure systems such as power, water, and emergency communications.

The extensive and interdependent nature of these networks means that an incident in one area can quickly influence multiple transportation systems.

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6.13.4 History
Los Angeles County has a long record of transportation-related incidents that have disrupted mobility and commerce.
• 2024 Vincent Thomas Bridge Fire: A semi-truck carrying lithium-ion batteries overturned and caught fire, causing the bridge to be closed for several days. • 2023 I -10 Freeway Fire: A fi r e i n a p a l l e t y a r d b e l o w t h e I-10 freeway in Downtown Los Angeles caused an eight -day closure for repairs and major cascading disruptions.
• 2020 Delta Air Lines Flight 89 Fuel Drop: S h o r t l y a f t e r t a k e o f f f r o m L A X , a Boeing 777 encountered engine problems and conducted a fuel dump over populated areas, injuring over 50 people on the ground. • 2008 Chatsworth Metrolink Derailment: A Metrolink passenger train collided with a Union Pacific freight train injuring over 130 people and causing 25 deaths. • 2007 Newhall Pass Tunnel Fire: A multi -vehicle collision involving over 30 vehicles caused a fire within the tunnel injuring 10 people and causing 3 deaths.

The historical record reinforces the need to learn from previous events to enhance future preparedness and resilience.

6.13.5 Probability
The likelihood of transportation incidents in Los Angeles County remains elevated due to several converging factors including, but not limited to:
• High daily traffic volumes on freeways and arterials increase the risk of multi - vehicle accidents and congestion-related incidents.
• Aging infrastructure—including bridges, road surfaces, and rail systems—creates a persistent risk of failure, particularly under extreme weather conditions and during peak usage periods.
• The county’s role as a major hub for freight and commuter traffic means that even minor incidents can escalate rapidly into larger disruptions. • The frequent movement of hazardous materials and the increasing reliance on just-in-time delivery systems further elevate the risk of incidents with potentially severe consequences.

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Together, these factors contribute to a consistently high probability of transportation incidents impacting the region.

6.13.6 Vulnerability
The vulnerability of Los Angeles County’s transportation system is compounded by its interdependent design and its critical role in the regional economy. • Limited redundancy in key corridors means that a disruption on one freeway or rail line can quickly overload alternate routes.
• Aging and overburdened infrastructure is less resilient to extreme events, leading to longer recovery times after incidents.
• The county’s economic dependence on uninterrupted transportation for daily commuting and commercial freight increases exposure to significant losses during disruptions.
• Complex interdependencies between transportation systems, emergency services, and other critical sectors make the network highly sensitive to cascading failures.

This systemic vulnerability calls for coordinated, multi-agency efforts to bolster resilience and implement proactive mitigation measures.

6.13.7 Impacts
Transportation incidents can produce both immediate and long -lasting effects on public safety, commerce, and overall quality of life.

1. Traffic and Mobility: Disruptions can lead to severe congestion affecting hundreds of thousands of commuters and freight vehicles, delaying emergency services and disrupting daily operations.

2. Economic Loss: Interruptions in the movement of goods and people can result in substantial financial losses, impacting local businesses and the broader regional economy.

3. Public Safety: Extended delays in emergency response and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) transport times.

4. Cascading Disruptions: An incident in one mode (e.g., a major highway closure) can ripple through the transportation network, affecting rail, air, and maritime operations simultaneously and complicating recovery efforts.

These impacts highlight the critical need for robust mitigation strategies to manage both direct and indirect consequences of transportation incidents.

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6.13.8 Summary
Los Angeles County’s transportation network is among the most extensive and complex in the nation, serving millions of residents and underpinning a vital economic ecosystem. The diverse transportation modes, while facilitating mobility and commerce, also create vulnerabilities due to overlapping infrastructure and high traffic volumes.
• Aging infrastructure, coupled with the continuous movement of hazardous materials and the increasing pressures of daily usage, contributes to a high probability of incidents.
• Historical data demonstrate that even localized incidents can have far -reaching impacts, including prolonged traffic congestion, economic disruptions, and public safety challenges.

In conclusion, mitigating transportation incident risks in Los Angeles County requires an integrated, countywide approach that combines infrastructure upgrades, enhanced emergency response, and proactive maintenance strategies. Addressing these challenges is essential to safeguard public safety, ensure economic stability, and maintain the region’s critical mobility infrastructure.

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6.14 Public Health Emergencies

6.14.1 Nature
Public health emergencies in Los
Angeles County encompass a broad
spectrum of potential hazards,
including infectious disease
outbreaks, environmental health
hazards, and Chemical, Biological,
Radiological, Nuclear, Explosives
(CBRNE) hazards. Given the county's
diverse population, urban density,
and economic significance, public
health hazards require a coordinated
response among government
agencies, healthcare institutions, and
community partners.

Public health emergencies refer to
incidents that pose a significant
threat to the health of a population.

These include, but are not limited to:
• Pandemics (e.g., COVID-19, Influenza)
• Bioterrorism (e.g., Anthrax, Smallpox, botulism)

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• Vector-borne diseases (e.g., West Nile Virus, Zika)
• Foodborne and waterborne illnesses
• Chemical and radiological exposure
• Climate-related health threats (e.g., extreme heat, poor air quality, wildfires) The County of Los Angeles Department of Public Health (DPH) and the Emergency Medical Services Agency (EMS) collaborate to monitor threats, prevent outbreaks, and mitigate impacts when emergencies arise.

6.14.2 Location and Extent
Los Angeles County, home to over 9.7 million residents, is the most populous count y in the United States. Its diverse geography (i.e., urban, coastal, mountainous, and rural) and demography lead to a range of public health vulnerabilities.

Public health emergencies can originate from local, regional, national, or global sources, impacting specific neighborhoods or the entire county. The extent of public health threats varies based on:
• The nature of the threat, such as transmission dynamics or availability of medical countermeasures.
• Population density (higher risks in urban centers for communicable diseases) • Access to healthcare infrastructure
• Environmental conditions (air pollution, extreme heat events)

6.14.3 History
Public health emergencies in Los Angeles County have included:
• 2022 Monkeypox Outbreak
o Approximately 2,500 cases were reported in Los Angeles County. • COVID-19 Pandemic (2020–Present)
o Over 3 million cases, 450,000 hospitalizations, and 45,000 deaths reported in the county alone.
• 2018 Hepatitis A Outbreak
o Primarily affecting unhoused populations, requiring mass vaccination efforts.
• 2016-2017 West Nile Virus Outbreaks
o Multiple cases of mosquito-borne infections leading to severe illness and fatalities.

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• 2015-2016 Zika Virus Outbreak
o No cases of local mosquito-borne transmission, but there were 122 cases reported in the County, with 121 being travel-related.
• 2015 Meningococcal Disease Cluster
o An outbreak among men who have sex with men (MSM) led to a targeted vaccination campaign.
• 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic
o Thousands of hospitalizations; schools and businesses affected.

6.14.4 Probability and Emerging Risks
The 2024 Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) identifies that pandemics and bioterrorism remain high-probability threats. Future public health risks also include:
• Emergence of infectious diseases driven by global travel and climate change. • Increased incidence of heat-related illnesses amid rising temperatures. • Increased prevalence of respiratory diseases due to declining air quality. • Rise of antimicrobial-resistant infections due to overuse of antibiotics.

The County of Los Angeles DPH continually assesses health threats and updates preparedness plans to address evolving concerns.

6.14.5 Vulnerability and Systemic Impacts
Certain populations in Los Angeles County may be disproportionately affected by public health emergencies:
• At-risk populations may be different for different hazards before, during, and after an emergency. It is important to assess each hazard in turn to identify those who may be disproportionately affected to improve preparedness and response efforts.

Public health emergencies strain the healthcare system, disrupt economic activity, and create mental health burdens. The 2024 THIRA report noted that:
• Healthcare infrastructure overload is a major concern during pandemics. • Potential economic loss from business closures during a prolonged public health crisis could exceed billions of dollars.

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6.14.6 Mitigation Strategies and Preparedness Efforts
Los Angeles County employs several mitigation and preparedness strategies:
• Mass Vaccination Campaigns
o Annual flu shots, COVID -19 vaccinations, and outbreak -specific immunization efforts.
• Points-of-Dispensing (POD) sites
o Disease Surveillance & Early Warning Systems
• Syndromic surveillance for emerging threats.
o Targeted sampling surveillance.
• Healthcare Infrastructure Strengthening
o Expanding hospital capacity for medical surge, and emergency medical resources.
• Community Outreach & Public Health Education
o Disseminating critical information in multiple languages. • Emergency Stockpiles (Strategic National Stockpile(SNS)) o Deployment of antibiotics, antivirals, and personal protective equipment (PPE) in crisis situations.
• Coordination with Federal & State Agencies
o Collaboration with FEMA, CDC, and the California Department of Public Health to enhance response capabilities.
• Anthrax Threat Simulations
o The County of Los Angeles Metro system assessed as a high-risk area for bioterrorism response.

6.14.7 Summary
Public health emergencies pose significant challenges to Los Angeles County , impacting healthcare systems, vulnerable populations, and economic stability. While the COVID-19 pandemic provided a major stress test for response efforts, ongoing preparedness, surveillance, and mitigation strategies aim to protect residents from future threats.

Key Takeaways:
• Los Angeles County faces diverse health threats, including pandemics, bioterrorism, and climate-related illnesses.

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• Vulnerable populations may suffer disproportionate impacts during public health crises.
• Preparedness efforts focus on surveillance, vaccination, emergency response, and coordination with federal and state partners.
• Future threats include emerging infectious diseases, heat-related illnesses, and antimicrobial resistance.

By continuing investments in public health preparedness, Los Angeles County aims to reduce risks and strengthen resilience against future health emergencies.

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7 Mitigation Strategy
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All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

7.1 Mitigation Strategy Overview
The Mitigation Strategy section of the All-Hazard Mitigation Plan (AHMP) presents Los Angeles County’s strategic blueprint for reducing risks and vulnerabilities posed over the long term associated with the hazards identified in the Hazard Identification a nd Risk Assessment section. The strategies identified in this section drive mitigation activities based on existing capabilities while also identifying areas of potential future investment to build resilience across communities, critical facilities, and ot her infrastructure within Los Angeles County.

7.2 Mitigation Goals and Objectives
Mitigation goals are the long-term vision that the County hopes to achieve by implementing the various mitigation strategies described in this AHMP , as well as the broad guidelines that have shaped mitigation strategy development. • Goal 1: Protect life, property, infrastructure, the environment, and the economy through equitable mitigation strategies aimed at reducing risks of natural and human-caused hazards.
o Objective 1-1: Integrate vulnerable populations, including people with Access and Functional Needs (AFN), into the implementation of any potential mitigation actions.
o Objective 1-2: Implement mitigation strategies that enhance resilience to disaster impacts across residential areas, commercial areas, infrastructure, high-hazard potential dams, and other critical facilities. o Objective 1-3: Inform strategic investments in climate adaptation, development, and redevelopment that are centered in equity and resilience.
• Goal 2: Enhance community-wide partnerships in hazard mitigation across all levels of government, the private sector, and the public. o Objective 2-1: Build a culture of disaster resilience and awareness of local hazards through public engagement, education, and outreach. o Objective 2-2: Strengthen direct coordination among Los Angeles County Operational Area partners to unify efforts for mitigation activities. o Objective 2-3: Utilize a whole community approach to address disparities in outcomes posed by the hazards identified in this AHMP . • Goal 3: Enhance planning, response, and recovery through hazard identification, assessment, mitigation, and resilience activities.

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o Objective 3-1: Establish and maintain coordination between hazard mitigation activities and other emergency management functions. o Objective 3-2: Integrate hazard mitigation activities into preparedness for future large-scale planned events within Los Angeles County. • Goal 4: Ensure eligibility for FEMA grant funding to maximize equitable investment in hazard mitigation actions.
o Objective 4-1: Continue to meet all requirements for existing hazard mitigation grant programs used by the County.
o Objective 4-2: Expand the County’s ability to participate in grant programs not currently utilized by the County.

7.2.1 Changes in Mitigation Goals
The AHMP Advisory Committee reviewed the 2020 AHMP goals and updated them to reflect the most current County concerns and priorities. Therefore, the 2025 AHMP has introduced new goals and objectives to build a more resilient community. Table 7 -1 (below) compares the 2025 AHMP goals with previous 2020 AHMP goals; all other goals above are new goals and objectives developed by the AHMP Advisory Committee.

Mitigation priorities change through time depending on the type of disaster impacting Los Angeles County, vulnerability, the strategies implemented, as well as other needs of the community. Priorities are also made based on current countywide Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) studies, National Risk Index Assessment, State Hazard Mitigation Plan (SHMP) and other local plans and guides. The previous 2020 AHMP integrated hazard data into several operational plans including but not li mited to the General Plan, Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan (OAEOP), amongst others. Addressing these changes will help to address Los Angeles County hazard priorities and to have mitigation strategies focused on the hazards that impact the region at most. The plan also added additional hazards and addressed a larger vulnerable population.

Table 7-1 Mitigation Goal Updates
Goals Addressed in
2020 AHMP
Goals for 2025-2030
Planning Period
Changes
Build a culture and
practice disaster
resilience
Goal 2 (see above). Goal expanded;
previous goal
integrated as an
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All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Goals Addressed in
2020 AHMP
Goals for 2025-2030
Planning Period
Changes
objective under Goal 2
in the current AHMP .

Better plan for, respond
to, and recover from,
hazards and disasters
including climate change,
drought, earthquake,
dam failure, flood,
landslide, tsunami, and
wildfire that affect Los
Angeles County.

Goal 3 (see above). Previous goal replaced
with new goal.

More successfully adapt
to hazards and disasters
including climate change,
drought, earthquake,
dam failure, flood,
landslide, tsunami, and
wildfire that affect Los
Angeles County.

Goal 1 (see above). Previous goal replaced
with new goal.

7.3 Existing Mitigation Capabilities
The mitigation strategies developed as part of this AHMP seek to maximize existing mitigation capabilities identified as currently available within the Los Angeles County Operational Area. These existing capabilities have been updated to reflect changes in human, technical, financial, legal, regulatory, education, and outreach resources since the 2020 AHMP .

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

7.3.1 Authorities, Policies, and Legal/Regulatory Resources There are several existing authorities, policies, and other legal or regulatory resources applicable to hazard mitigation efforts in Los Angeles County. From the County Code of Ordinances to completed plans, these form the cornerstone of hazard mitigation activities by pro viding a foundation rooted in data, research, planning, Technical Ecological Knowledge (TEK) provided by our state and locally recognized indigenous communities, and elected officials’ authority. The County aims to expand and improve upon these identified capabilities by adopting this AHMP , once approved, into the Safety Element of the Los Angeles County General Plan. This action will contribute to the County’s ability to be considered for an additional cost-share on Public Assistance projects through the California Disaster Assistance Act. Table 7-2 provides an overview of existing capabilities related to authorities, policies, and legal/regulatory resources.

Table 7-2 Authorities, Policies, and Legal/Regulatory Resources Authority,
Policy, or
Resource
Description Hazards
Addressed
Potential to
Affect
Development
Los Angeles
County
Operational
Area
Emergency
Operations
Plan (2023)
Establishes the coordinated
emergency management system
within the Los Angeles County
Operational Area to prepare for,
respond to, and recover from the
effects of large-scale emergencies
regardless of cause, location, or
complexity.

All-Hazard No
Los Angeles
County General
Plan (2024)
Provides the policy framework for
how and where the
unincorporated County will grow
through the year 2035.

All-Hazard Yes
Los Angeles
County
Comprehensive
Floodplain
Reviews existing floodplain
management programs in the
County and recommends
enhancements to them through 35
Flood
Land
Movement
Yes
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Authority,
Policy, or
Resource
Description Hazards
Addressed
Potential to
Affect
Development
Management
Plan (2021)
mitigation actions. This plan is
currently being reviewed and
updated with completion targeted
for early 2026.

Los Angeles
County
Comprehensive
Floodplain
Management
Plan Repetitive
Loss Area
Analysis (2021)
Analyzes Repetitive Los Areas
within Los Angeles County and
fulfills Community Rating System
requirements.

Flood
Land
Movement
Yes
County of Los
Angeles
Floodplain
Management
Plan Progress
Report (2024)
Provides an annual update on the
implementation of the action plan
identified in the Comprehensive
Floodplain Management Plan and
on the implementation and
evaluation of outreach projects.

Flood
Land
Movement
Yes
County of Los
Angeles
Repetitive Loss
Area Analysis
Progress Report
(2023)
Provide an annual update on the
implementation of the action plan
identified in the Repetitive Loss
Area Analysis to ensure there is a
continuing and responsive
planning process.

Flood Yes
Los Angeles
County Fire
Plan (2023)
Describes the wildfire
environment, history, and pre-fire
management strategies to
enhance the protection of lives,
property, and natural resources
from wildland fire.

Wildfire Yes
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Authority,
Policy, or
Resource
Description Hazards
Addressed
Potential to
Affect
Development
Los Angeles
County 2045
Climate Action
Plan (2024)
Delineates the County’s path
toward
meeting the goals of the Paris
Agreement and achieving carbon
neutrality for unincorporated
Los Angeles County.

Wildfire
Extreme
Heat
Drought
Flooding
Yes
Our County:

Los Angeles
Countywide
Sustainability
Plan (2019)
Outlines how local governments
and stakeholders can enhance the
well-being of all County
communities while adapting to
climate change and reducing
damage to the natural
environment, particularly focusing
on communities disproportionately
burdened by pollution.

Wildfire
Extreme
Heat
Drought
Flooding
Yes
Los Angeles
County
Floodplain
Management
Ordinance
Aims to minimize public and
private losses resulting from flood
conditions via uniformly applied
regulations in flood prone,
mudflow, or flood related erosion
areas.

Flood
Land
Movement
Yes
Los Angeles
County Code –
Title 32: Fire
Code
To build a new structure (or an
addition equal to or greater than
50% of existing square footage),
the Los Angeles County Fire Code
requires review of its location, type
of construction, topography, slope,
amount and arrangement of
vegetation, and overall site
Wildfire Yes
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Authority,
Policy, or
Resource
Description Hazards
Addressed
Potential to
Affect
Development
settings—in order to create
defensible space necessary for
effective fire protection of homes
in High Fire Severity Zones.

Los Angeles
County Code –
Title 22:

Planning and
Zoning
Establishes the regulations
governing land use and
development and defines zoning
for unincorporated Los Angeles
County. Includes the Hillside
Management Area Ordinance
(Chapter 22.104), the Residential
Design Standards Ordinance, and
the Hillside Design Guidelines.

These include requirements for
development in Hillside
Management Areas, which are
defined as areas with 25% or
greater natural slopes. The
guidelines include specific and
measurable design techniques that
can be applied to residential,
commercial, industrial, and other
types of projects.

Wildfire
Earthquake
Land
Movement
Yes
Los Angeles
County Code –
Title 31: Green
Building
Standards
Code
Enhances the design and
construction of buildings via
building concepts with positive (or
reduced negative) environmental
impacts, and encourages
sustainable construction practices
Extreme
Heat
Drought

Yes
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Authority,
Policy, or
Resource
Description Hazards
Addressed
Potential to
Affect
Development
across planning and design,
energy efficiency, water
conservation, material and
resource efficiency, and
environmental air quality.

Los Angeles
County Brush
Clearance
Program
Legally declares both improved
and unimproved properties a
public nuisance, and where
necessary, requires the clearance
of hazardous vegetation thereby
creating defensible space for
effective fire protection of
property, life, and the environment.

The Brush Clearance Program is a
joint effort between the County of
Los Angeles Fire Department and
the County of Los Angeles
Department of Agricultural
Commissioner/Weights and
Measures, Weed Hazard, and Pest
Abatement Bureau (Weed
Abatement Division).

Wildfire Yes
Los Angeles
County Code –
Title 26:

Building Code
Provides minimum standards to
regulate the design, construction,
installation, quality of materials,
use, occupancy, location, and
maintenance of all buildings,
structures, grading, and certain
equipment. Regulates construction
Earthquake
Wildfire

Yes
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Authority,
Policy, or
Resource
Description Hazards
Addressed
Potential to
Affect
Development
near a known active earthquake
fault (Chapter 1, Section 113), the
materials and construction
methods for construction in a
Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Fire Area (Chapter 7A), structural
design as it relates to earthquake
hazards (Chapter 16, Section
1613), repair of certain buildings in
High Earthquake Damage Areas
(Chapter 94), earthquake hazard
reduction for concrete tilt-up
buildings (Chapter 95) and
unreinforced masonry buildings
(Chapter 96), among others. The
Building Code also includes
provisions for emergency housing
during a proclaimed emergency.

7.3.2 Human and Technical Resources
Existing human and technical resources across County Departments enable the County to plan, manage, conduct, and execute its wide range of hazard mitigation activities. The resources below represent a high degree of expertise in all facets of hazard mitigation available to support mitigation activities. The County aims to expand and improve upon these identified capabilities by expanding potential hazard training opportunities available to the Los Angeles County Operational Area.

Additionally, as various special events are scheduled in Los Angeles County over the next five years, the County should seek to expand coordination and technical resources related to mass violence, cyber, and other special event-related hazards.

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Table 7-3 provides an overview of existing capabilities related to human and technical resources.

Table 7-3 Human and Technical Resources
Resource Department/Agency Principal Activities Related to Hazard Mitigation
Emergency
Management
Coordinator(s)
Los Angeles County
Office of Emergency
Management
• Maintains and updates the Los
Angeles County Operational Area
Emergency Operations Plan and Los
Angeles County All-Hazard
Mitigation Plan.
• Coordinates local response and
recovery activities in the Emergency
Operation Center and in the field.
• Works closely with local, state, and
federal partners to support planning,
training, exercise, public information,
and resource coordination.

Engineer(s),
Building
Inspector(s),
Code
Enforcement
Officer(s), Fire
Marshalls, and
Other Technical
Staff
Los Angeles County
Public Works and Fire
Department
• Oversees the effective, efficient, fair,
and safe enforcement of County of
Los Angeles Building and Fire
Codes.

Engineer(s),
Construction
Project
Managers, and
Other Technical
Staff
Los Angeles County
Public Works
• Provides direct (or contract) civil,
structural, and mechanical
engineering services, including
contract, project, and construction
management.

Engineer(s),
Project
Los Angeles County
Public Works
• Maintains and operates a wide range
of local equipment and facilities and
assists members of the public by
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Resource Department/Agency Principal Activities Related to Hazard Mitigation
Manager(s),
Equipment
Operators,
Maintenance and
Construction
Staff, and Other
Technical Staff
providing sufficient clean fresh water,
reliable sewer services, street
maintenance, storm drainage
systems, street cleaning, streetlights,
and traffic signals.

Floodplain
Administrator
Los Angeles County
Public Works
• Enforces the floodplain management
ordinance ensuring that
development proposals do not
increase flood risk and that new
developments are not located below
the 100-year flood level. In addition,
the floodplain administrator is
responsible for planning and
managing flood risk reduction
projects throughout Los Angeles
County.

Planner(s),
Engineer(s), and
Technical Staff
Los Angeles County
Department of
Regional Planning
• Develops and maintains the Los
Angeles County General Plan,
including the Safety Element.
• Develops area plans based on the
Los Angeles County General Plan to
provide more specific guidance for
the development of more specific
areas.
• Reviews proposed development,
capital improvements, and other
physical projects involving property
for consistency and conformity with
the Los Angeles County General
Plan.
• Anticipates and acts on the need for
applicable new plans, policies, and
code changes.

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Resource Department/Agency Principal Activities Related to Hazard Mitigation
• Applies the approved plans, policies,
code provisions, and other
regulations to proposed land uses.

Procurement
Services
Manager
Los Angeles County
Internal Services
Department
• Provides a full range of municipal
financial services and administers
several licensing measures.

Comptroller
Personnel
Los Angeles County
Auditor – Controller
• Provides financial and grant services.

County Counsel
Personnel
Los Angeles County
Counsel
• Provides legal services for the
County.

Fire Department
Personnel
Los Angeles County
Fire Department
• Provides fire protection services
including response, fire prevention,
and mitigation activities for the
County.

Sheriff’s
Department
Personnel
Los Angeles County
Sheriff’s Department
• Provides law enforcement services in
the County.

7.3.3 Financial Resources and Programs
There are many existing financial resources, grant programs, and other funding mechanisms that enable current and future hazard mitigation activities. Sources for these resources and programs vary widely from local funding out of the County’s General Fund to state and federal programs that aim to help local jurisdictions accomplish their hazard mitigation goals. The amount of funding available is variable and project-specific for many of these programs. Similarly, grant awards are based on the specific projects that are identified as the basis for the grant application. Table 7-4 provides an overview of existing capabilities related to financial resources and programs.

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Table 7-4 Financial Resources and Programs
Resource or
Program Administrator Purpose
General Fund
Chief
Executive
Office
Program operations and specific projects.

General
Obligation Bonds
Auditor -
Controller
General obligation bonds are appropriately
used for the construction and/or acquisition of
improvements to real property broadly
available to residents and visitors. Such facilities
include but are not limited to: libraries,
hospitals, parks, public safety facilities, and
cultural and educational facilities.

Special Tax and
Revenue Bonds Controller
Revenue bonds are used to finance capital
projects that:

1. Have an identified budgetary stream for
repayment (e.g., specified fees, tax
receipts);

2. Generate project revenue but rely on a
broader pledge of general fund revenues to
reduce borrowing costs; or

3. Finance the acquisition and installation of
equipment for the local jurisdiction’s
general governmental purposes.

Vegetation
Management
Program
Cal FIRE
Cost-sharing program between Cal FIRE and
private landowners, which focuses on the use of
prescribed fire and/or mechanical means, for
addressing wildland fire fuel hazards and other
resource management issues on State
Responsibility Area (SRA) lands.

Wildfire
Emergency and
Mitigation Funds
Cal FIRE Administers funding from FEMA, Bureau of
Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service for
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Resource or
Program Administrator Purpose
certain types of wildfire emergency and
mitigation funding.

California
Residential
Mitigation
Program
California
Earthquake
Authority
Created by the California Earthquake Authority
and the Governor’s Office of Emergency
Services, “Earthquake Brace + Bolt: Funds to
Strengthen Your Foundation” is the first
incentive program offered by the California
Residential Mitigation Program.

Public Health
Emergency
Preparedness
Cooperative
Agreement
Center for
Disease
Control and
Prevention
Funds are intended to upgrade state and local
public health jurisdictions’ preparedness and
response to bioterrorism, outbreaks of
infectious diseases, and other public health
threats and emergencies.

Hazard Mitigation
Grant Program
(HMGP)
FEMA
Administered by the California Governor’s
Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES), HMGP
supports pre- and post-disaster mitigation
plans and projects available to California
communities after a presidentially declared
disaster has occurred in California.

Pre-Disaster
Mitigation (PDM)
Grant Program
FEMA
Available annually as a nationally competitive
Cal OES grant, the PDM Grant Program
supports pre-disaster mitigation plans and
projects.

Flood Mitigation
Assistance (FMA)
Grant Program
FEMA
Available annually as a nationally competitive
Cal OES grant, the PDM Grant Program
supports pre-disaster mitigation plans and
projects.

Homeland
Security FEMA Builds and sustains preparedness technical assistance activities in support of the four
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Resource or
Program Administrator Purpose
Preparedness
Technical
Assistance
Program
homeland security mission areas (i.e.,
prevention, protection, response, recovery) and
homeland security program management.

Assistance to
Firefighters Grant
Program
FEMA/U.S.

Fire
Administration
Provides equipment, protective gear,
emergency vehicles, training, and other
resources needed to protect the public and
emergency personnel from fire and related
hazards. Available to fire departments and
nonaffiliated emergency medical services
providers.

Land and Water
Conservation
Funds
U.S.

Department of
the Interior
Supports the protection of federal public lands
and waters and voluntary conservation on
private land.

Community
Action for a
Renewed
Environment
U.S.

Environmental
Protection
Agency (EPA)
Offers means by which communities may
organize/take action to reduce toxic pollution
(e.g., in stormwater, etc.) through financial and
technical assistance. Communities create
partnerships that implement solutions to
reduce releases of toxic pollutants and that
minimize toxic exposures.

Clean Water
State Revolving
Fund
EPA
A loan program that provides low-cost
financing to eligible entities on state and tribal
lands for water quality projects, including all
types of non-point source, watershed
protection or restoration, estuary management
projects, and more traditional municipal
wastewater treatment projects.

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Resource or
Program Administrator Purpose
Community Block
Grant Program
Entitlement
Communities
Grants
U.S.

Department of
Housing and
Urban
Development
Acquisition of real property, relocation and
demolition, rehabilitation of residential and
non-residential structures, construction of
public facilities and improvements (e.g.,
water/sewer facilities, streets, neighborhood
centers, etc.), and the conversion of school
buildings for eligible purposes.

High Hazard
Potential Dams
(HHPD) Grant
Program
FEMA
Provides technical, planning, design, and
construction assistance in the form of grants for
the rehabilitation of eligible high hazard
potential dams.

State and Local
Cybersecurity
Grant Program
FEMA
Provides funding to eligible entities to address
cybersecurity risks and threats to information
systems owned or operated by, or on behalf of,
state, local, or tribal governments.

7.3.4 Education and Outreach Resources
Engagement with the communities of Los Angeles County is an important component of mitigation efforts. The County of Los Angeles has multiple methods, formats, and venues to conduct outreach with community members and provide education on the hazard landscape in Los Angeles County. These activities ensure mitigation efforts align with community goals and include community input. Table 7 -5 shows a list of existing resources for education and outreach.

Table 7-5 Education and Outreach Resources
Resource or
Program
Agencies Potentially
Involved Purpose
Preparedness
Fairs
Office of Emergency
Management, Fire
Engage with community
members to provide education
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Resource or
Program
Agencies Potentially
Involved Purpose
Department, Sheriff’s
Department, Public Works,
Board of Supervisors
on hazards found in Los
Angeles County and
emergency preparedness for
homes and businesses.

Personal Disaster
Impact Surveys
Office of Emergency
Management
Receive input and feedback on
the hazard landscape from
community members in Los
Angeles County to inform the
2025 AHMP .

AHMP Draft
Review Surveys
Office of Emergency
Management
Receive input and feedback on
sections of the AHMP from
community members in Los
Angeles County.

Homeless
Outreach
Services Team
(HOST)
Sheriff’s Department,
Homelessness Services
Organizations
Conduct outreach to People
Experiencing Homelessness in
areas prone to wildfires or
flooding based on weather
conditions.

Community
Emergency
Response Teams
(CERT)
Fire Department
Educate community members
about disaster preparedness
and response in their
communities.

Explorer
Programs
Fire Department, Sheriff’s
Department
Educate youth about disaster
preparedness and response in
their communities.

Youth Climate
Commission Chief Sustainability Office
Educate and obtain input from
youth on climate change
impacts and mitigation efforts.

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

7.3.5 National Flood Insurance Program Participation
The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is administered by FEMA and provides affordable flood insurance to participating communities through a network of insurance providers. NFIP regulations must be enforced in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs). Flood insurance is required for structures in SFHAs with federally backed loans (e.g., most mortgages, Small Business Administration (SBA) loans) and FEMA grants along with any structures with SBA loans, regardless of flood zone. Flood insurance is required to be maintained for the life of the federally backed loan and in perpetuity, regardless of change in ownership, in the case of FEMA grants.

The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors adopted the County Floodway Ordinance (Los Angeles County Code Title 11, Chapter 11.60) in March 1980. This ordinance included the first County Floodway Maps and paved the way for the County to begin participatio n in NFIP on behalf of unincorporated residents. The County’s participation means that residents (owners and renters) in the unincorporated communities within Los Angeles County are eligible for NFIP flood insurance and Federal flood disaster assistance. T he first FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) became effective on December 2, 1980. Since 1980, the County has continued robust participation in NFIP . The FEMA FIRMs were digitized in September 2008 and have been revised over the years by numerous Letter s of Map Change and by large -scale Physical Map Revisions for the Ballona Creek watershed and several watersheds in the Santa Monica Mountains (Triunfo Creek, Topanga Canyon and others) in December 2018, the Los Angeles County coastline in April 2021, and the Santa Clara River watershed in June 2021. These maps are available to the public on the Los Angeles County Public Works (PW) website at dpw.lacounty.gov/floodzone.

Los Angeles County also participates in the NFIP’s Community Rating System (CRS) program. The CRS program is a voluntary program for communities that engage in community floodplain management activities, which exceed the minimum NFIP standards. CRS communi ties benefit from a discount on flood insurance rates and improved floodplain management programs. CRS uses a class rating system between 1 and 9 to determine flood insurance premium reductions for residents. As of April 1, 2022, Los Angeles County is a Cl ass 6 CRS community; therefore homeowners and County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

renters who live in a SFHA can receive up to a 20% discount on their flood insurance policies.

The County’s implementation and enforcement of local floodplain management regulations for development in SFHAs are covered in Los Angeles County Building Codes with the most recent update completed in 2023. Title 26, Chapter 1, includes requirements for d evelopment within flood hazard areas. Other relevant ordinances include other chapters in Title 26 (Building Code) along with Titles 27 (Electrical Code), Title 28 (Plumbing Code), Title 29 (Mechanical Code), Title 30 (Residential Code), and Title 33 (Existing Building Code). Implementation and enforcement are also covered in the Los Angeles County Subdivision Code (Title 21) and Planning and Zoning Code (Title 22). The NFIP for unincorporated communities is administered by the Department of Public Works (LACPW) Stormwater Engineering Division, which serves as the County’s floodplain manager, coordinates with LACPW’s Building and Safety and Land Development Divisions and with the Los Angeles County Department of Regional Planning in their enforcement of the County’s floodplain management regulations, and participates in FEMA’s Community Assisted Visits, which typically occur on a 5-year cycle.

LACPW continues to enforce NFIP regulations for building permit applications determined by Building and Safety officials to be substantial improvement or repair of substantial damage. Los Angeles County also requires all residential buildings undertaking substantial improvement to have their lowest floor elevated 1 foot above the 100-year flood elevation. Additionally, Los Angeles County conducted a Repetitive Loss Area Analysis in 2020, which serves as a specific plan for reducing damage from flooding in repetitive loss areas.

After an event, Public Works staff assess the unincorporated area buildings within the extent of the event. The assessment will identify the buildings that appear to have damages affecting 50 percent or greater of the building. If such a building is in flood- prone areas identified by FEMA’s Flood Insurance Rate Maps, County maps (Floodway Maps or Assessor’s Maps), or identified by Public Works to be in a Repetitive Loss Area, will undergo further evaluation by Public Works staff on whether the building me ets FEMA’s definition of substantial improvement/substantial damage (SI/SD). A building that meets FEMA’s SI/SD definition will be required to have the entire building upgraded to meet National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) standards ( Title 44, Code County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

of Federal Regulations, Section 60.3). Los Angeles County Code Title 26, Section 110.1 requires the County to enforce as a minimum the current Federal Flood Plain Management Regulations defined in Title 44 , Code of Federal Regulations, Section

60.3, for buildings, structures, and grading located in whole or in part in flood hazard areas. (Ord. 2013-0048 § 2, 2013; Ord. 2010-0053 § 2, 2010; Ord. 95-0065 § 3 (part), 1995.)

7.4 Identification and Analysis of Mitigation Strategies Potential mitigation actions were identified for each hazard identified in Section 6 in an effort to ensure as comprehensive a mitigation strategy as possible. Multiple mitigation options were then analyzed against the goals and objectives delineated in this section with a focus on new and existing buildings. A combination of new and ongoing mitigation actions aimed at reducing the effects of the identified hazards were compiled into the list of mitigation actions in the following subsection. This list includes a wide range of potential types of mitigation actions, including:
• Local Plans and Regulations.
• Structure and Infrastructure Projects.
• Natural Systems Protection.
• Education and Awareness Programs.

A notable update to the 2025 AHMP was the integration of human-caused threats and corresponding potential mitigation actions. The AHMP Planning Team also reviewed FEMA’s Mitigation Ideas document to incorporate national best practices in the list of potential mitigation actions.

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

7.4.1 Mitigation Strategies

01 Title: Support and Expand Countywide Vegetation Management and Fire Prevention Efforts
Source: Los Angeles County Fire Department
Type: Natural Systems Protection
Description: Conduct passive protection measures such as creating defensible space buffers around residential and non-residential structures through the removal of
flammable vegetation, managing and/or reducing
hazardous fuels, creating firebreaks, fire -resistive
landscaping and construction, and clearing dead
vegetation, among others. Engage indigenous
communities to inform vegetation management and fire
prevention practices aligned with Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK).

Hazard: Wildfire
Hazard: Severe
Wind/Tornado

02 Title: Enhance Community Engagement in Wildfire Protection and Prevention
Source: Los Angeles County Department of Regional Planning Type: Education and Awareness Programs
Description: Engage residents and businesses in high fire risk communities to educate them on community -focused
mitigation and risk reduction strategies, emergency
preparedness and evacuation readiness, and opportunities to get involved in fire safety -related community initiatives.

Engage indigenous communities to inform protection and
prevention practices aligned with Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK).

Hazard: Wildfire
Hazard: Severe
Wind/Tornado

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

03 Title: Perform Post- Fire Flooding, Debris Flow, and Mud Flow Risk Assessments and Mitigation Activities
Source: Los Angeles County Department of Public Works
Type: Structure and Infrastructure Projects
Description: Following a wildfire, assess burn scar for
significant mud and debris flow risks to produce mud and
debris flow phase maps for first responding agencies to
prepare for potential evacuations. Recommend mitigation strategies to prevent mud and debris flow impacts.

Hazard: Wildfire
Hazard: Flooding

04 Title: Strengthen Operational Continuity Capabilities for Critical Facilities Source: Los Angeles County Department Public Health, among others.

Type: Structure and Infrastructure Projects
Description: Conduct robust continuity planning to ensure the continued performance of essential functions in the event critical facilities are impacted by various hazards.

Build capabilities that support operational continuity such as alternate or uninterrupted power supply, workforce
development and cross -training, emergency
communications, and data backup or failover hardware.

Hazard: Wildfire
Hazard: Extreme Heat
Hazard: Severe
Wind/Tornado
Hazard: Cyber Incidents

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

05 Title: Incorporate Hazards in Local Planning, Land Use, and Development Codes
Source: Los Angeles County Department of Public Works and Regional Planning Type: Local Planning and Regulations
Description: Develop, maintain, and leverage
opportunities to strengthen relevant ordinances that
govern land use, building codes, and development in
high-risk hazard areas. Incorporate mitigation actions in community planning such as Community Wildfire Plans,
Flood Management Plans, and the County General Plan,
among many others.

Hazard: Wildfire
Hazard: Earthquake
Hazard: Land Movement
Hazard: Severe
Wind/Tornado
Hazard: Flooding

06 Title: Increase Public Awareness of Climate Change Effects on Local Hazards
Source: Los Angeles County Chief Sustainability Office
Type: Education and Awareness Programs
Description: Engage with communities on ways climate
change impacts various natural hazards along with
mitigation actions and available resources for climate
adaptation and resilience. Efforts should focus on how
communities can take action or support existing County
programs including funding available to the public. Public engagement efforts should be accessible, ensure people
with Access and Functional Needs are included in
outreach, and use materials with multiple language
options.

Hazard: Wildfire
Hazard: Extreme Heat
Hazard: Drought
Hazard: Land Movement
Hazard: Severe
Wind/Tornado
Hazard: Flooding

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

07 Title: Expand Stormwater Management, Drainage, and Outlet Planning Source: Los Angeles County Department of Public Works
Type: Local Planning and Regulations
Description: Continue robust stormwater management
programs. Conduct studies to inform measures to improve outlet and drainage planning and prevent flood damage
to communities in high-risk areas. These efforts should also prevent flood damage to County -maintained road ways,
including evacuation egress and emergency services
ingress, while supporting potential groundwater recharge.

Hazard: Flooding
Hazard: Drought
Hazard: Transportation
Incident

08 Title: Construct and Maintain Localized Flood Control Improvements Source: Los Angeles County Department of Public Works
Type: Structural and Infrastructure Projects
Description: Maintain existing flood control mechanisms
by drainage system maintenance, sediment and debris
clearance, and other actions. Leverage opportunities to construct flood control improvements.

Hazard: Flooding

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

09 Title: Preserve Floodplains as Public Use Open Spaces Source: Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, among others.

Type: Natural Systems Protections
Description: Preserve and expand public use open spaces that capture stormwater with the aim of reducing localized flooding while also providing green space and
recreational opportunities to communities. Prioritize
floodplains and watersheds in County -owned public use
open spaces near flood risk areas. Use stormwater best
management practices in projects involving open spaces
to support natural water collection and conservation.

Incorporate floodplain preservation into future park
improvements.

Hazard: Flooding

10 Title: Harden Critical Facilities and Infrastructure from Seismic Damage Source: Los Angeles County Department of Public Works
Type: Structure and Infrastructure Projects
Description: Conduct seismic assessments to prioritize
retrofitting and other seismic mitigation actions such as bracing or seismic shutoff valves. Efforts should focus on critical facilities for community lifelines such as hospitals, public safety facilities, utility sites, high -
hazard potential
dams, and transportation assets (i.e., bridges, roadways, airports, and others).

Hazard: Earthquake
Hazard: Land Movement
Hazard: Dam Failure

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

11 Title: Prevent Impacts to the Transportation System
Source: Los Angeles County Department of Public Works
Type: Structure and Infrastructure Projects
Description: Hazard impacts to the transportation system in Los Angeles County have far -reaching potential for
cascading effects across multiple lifelines. Mitigation activities for multiple hazards should focus on preventing or lessening impacts to transportation. Ac tivities may include stabilization efforts along County -maintained
roads, reinforcing transportation assets, or other seismic mitigation actions.

Hazard: Earthquake
Hazard: Land Movement
Hazard: Transportation
Incident

12 Title: Continue Efforts to Enhance Dam Safety and Reduce Long -Term Vulnerabilities with High Hazard Potential Dams
Source: Los Angeles County Department of Public Works
Type: Structure and Infrastructure Projects
Description: Upgrade infrastructure to ensure the long- term integrity and safe operation of County -owned dam
facilities. Potential actions could include strengthening of dams, sediment management activities, regular
inspections, continuous maintenance, integrating
advanced technologies, and emergency preparedness
efforts.

Hazard: Earthquake
Hazard: Dam Failure

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

13 Title: Assess Water Resilience in Los Angeles County Source: Los Angeles County Department of Public Works
Type: Local Planning and Regulations
Description: Conduct assessments and studies to monitor the water supply and develop recommendations for other
water systems. Identify potential secondary water sources or other contingency measures for ensuring water system resilience during drought conditions.

Hazard: Drought

14 Title: Expand Drought-Tolerant Landscaping and Design Source: Los Angeles County Chief Sustainability Office and Department of Regional Planning
Type: Natural Systems Protection
Description: Integrate drought mitigation into landscaping and design measures undertaken by the County. Prioritize native and drought -
tolerant plants when selecting
landscaping designs. Use permeable materials for pavers, driveways, walkways, and roadways to reduce r unoff and promote groundwater recharge that incorporate
indigenous- informed practices aligned with Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK).

Hazard: Drought

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

15 Title: Address Urban Heat Islands by Investing in Green Infrastructure and Cooling Strategies
Source: Los Angeles County Chief Sustainability Office, Department of Regional Planning, Department of Economic Opportunity, Department of Public Health, and Department of Public Works, among others.

Type: Local Planning and Regulations
Description: Increase shade cover provided by vegetation such as planting native and drought -tolerant trees along with smaller plants such as shrubs, grasses, and
groundcover. Increase the tree canopy in County parks
and open concrete or asphalt spaces in the public right of way or County-owned parking lots. Conduct assessments
to identify communities considered urban heat islands that are at highest need for an increase in tree canopy or other heat mitigation activities. Advance cooling strategies such as constructing shade structures, installing splash pads, operating cooling centers, modernizing air conditioning systems, and expanding the availability of cool roofing
infrastructure that reflects heat away from buildings.

Ensure mitigation actions address heat impacts faced by people with Access and Functional Needs. Many of these
actions have a secondary benefit mitigating the effects of climate change by promoting carbon sequestration, the
capture and storage of CO2 from the atmosphere.

Additionally, increasing green space and shade cover in urban areas can advance environmental justice.

Hazard: Extreme Heat

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

16 Title: Increase Coastal Resilience, Prevent Erosion, and Protect Shorelines Source: Los Angeles County Chief Sustainability Office and Department of Beaches and Harbors
Type: Natural Systems Protection
Description: Conduct activities to replace sediment lost due to erosion or coastal storms. Assess the need for other sediment protection measures such as planting certain
types of vegetation. Consider activities that prevent wind from blowing sand off beaches and impa cts from storm
surge in high-risk areas. These actions help protect coastal roadways and other infrastructure along with ensuring
recreation opportunities remain for residents and visitors.

Hazard: Flooding
Hazard: Tsunami

17 Title: Conduct Multi-Discipline Training and Exercise Programs Source: Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department and Office of Emergency Management
Type: Education and Awareness Programs
Description: Identify opportunities for joint training and exercises for mass violence and cyber incident response across disciplines of law enforcement, fire and emergency medical services, medical examiner, private sector, and others. Each training and exercise shou
ld include mass
violence rescue and evacuation techniques for AFN
populations.

Hazard: Mass Violence
Hazard: Cyber Incidents

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

18 Title: Strengthen Partnerships and Coordination Among Local Agencies Source: Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department and Office of Emergency Management
Type: Education and Awareness Programs
Description: Expand collaborative agreements with other agencies to share resources during large -scale
emergencies. Strengthen partnerships with local agencies for resource sharing. Enhance response capabilities
during major incidents.

Hazard: Mass Violence
Hazard: Cyber Incidents

19 Title: Incorporate Mass Violence Prevention and Mitigation Efforts into Special Event Planning
Source: Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department and Office of Emergency Management
Type: Education and Awareness Programs
Description: Use physical security measures such as
bollards, water -filled barricades, vehicle barriers, and others. Identify mitigation measures for upcoming special events such as the World Cup, Super Bowl, and Olympics.

Conduct special event training on topics such as crowd management, sporting event safety, and stadium
evacuation. Incorporate Family Assistance Center
readiness into special event planning.

Hazard: Mass Violence

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

20 Title: Extreme Heat Risk Education and Safety Outreach for Residents and Vulnerable Workers
Source: Los Angeles County Chief Sustainability Office, Department of Economic Opportunity, Department of Public Health, and Department of Public Works Type: Education and Awareness Programs
Description: Implement outreach and education to
workers in low -wage and high hazard industries in LA
County that are disproportionately impacted by extreme
heat. Partner with organizations providing services to
people with Access and Functional Needs on heat
response strategies. Expand awareness of cooling centers and other heat respite options for unhoused populations.

Increase workforce development opportunities to expand
the availability of green infrastructure.

Hazard: Extreme Heat

21 Title: Increase Field Response and Coordination Capabilities Source: Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department and Office of Emergency Management
Type: Education and Awareness Programs
Description: Enhance field coordination capabilities at
large-scale planned events and no- notice incidents such as wildfires, mass violence, and others. Potential actions could include investments in new redundant
communications systems, response vehicles, alert and
warning capabilities, and other field operations
equipment.

Hazard: Wildfire
Hazard: Mass Violence

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

22 Title: Strengthen Public Health Prevention and Preparedness Measures Source: Los Angeles County Office of Emergency Management, Department of Public Health, Department of Health Services, and Fire Department Type: Education and Awareness Programs
Description: Continue and expand mass vaccination and
immunization efforts. Coordinate healthcare surge
preparedness and response efforts. Conduct disease
surveillance, monitor early warning systems, and
coordinate outbreak response. Educate communities and
businesses about health implications related to wild fire recovery and hazardous materials. Liaise with health
system partners to understand hospital surge capacity
within the County. Maintain and deploy emergency
stockpiles. Incorporate potential climate change-related infectious disease implications into public health
preparedness planning.

Hazard: Public Health
Emergencies

7.5 Status of Previous Mitigation Efforts
Table 7-6 below shows the status of mitigation strategies described in the 2020 AHMP .

Departments have made significant progress on some of these mitigation strategies, partially but not fully completing some of these efforts. As such, each strategy from the 2020 AHMP have been rolled into the mitigation strategies described in this section.

Table 7-6 Status of Mitigation Efforts
2020 AHMP Strategy Status 2025 AHMP Strategy
Red Flag Warning Public
Outreach
Not
Completed/
Ongoing
Enhance Community Engagement
in Wildfire Protection and
Prevention
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

2020 AHMP Strategy Status 2025 AHMP Strategy
Vegetation Management
Program
Not
Completed/
Ongoing
Support and Expand Countywide
Vegetation Management and Fire
Prevention Efforts
Fireproof Coating of Critical
Facilities
Not
Completed/
Ongoing
Enhance Community Engagement
in Wildfire Protection and
Prevention
Auxiliary Power for Critical
Facilities
Not
Completed/
Ongoing
Strengthen Operational Continuity
Capabilities for Critical Facilities
Earthquake-Resistant Ductile
Iron Pipes Replacement
Not
Completed/
Ongoing
Harden Critical Facilities and
Infrastructure from Seismic
Damage
Watershed Ecosystem
Restoration
Not
Completed/
Ongoing
Preserve Floodplains as Public Use
Open Spaces
Green Streets / Living Streets Not
Completed/
Ongoing
Expand Drought-Tolerant
Landscaping and Design
Coordinated Data Collection
and Database Systems
Not
Completed/
Ongoing
Strengthen Partnerships and
Resource Coordination Among
Local Agencies
Brush Clearance Program Not
Completed/
Ongoing
Support and Expand Countywide
Vegetation Management and Fire
Prevention Efforts
Wildland Urban-Interface
Ordinance
Not
Completed/
Ongoing
Incorporate Hazards in Local
Planning, Land Use, and
Development Codes
Urban Forest Management
Plan
Not
Completed/
Ongoing
Address Urban Heat Islands by
Investing in Green Infrastructure
and Cooling Strategies
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

2020 AHMP Strategy Status 2025 AHMP Strategy
Community Wildfire Protection
Plans
Not
Completed/
Ongoing
Incorporate Hazards in Local
Planning, Land Use, and
Development Codes
Pre-Disaster Professional
Support
Not
Completed/
Ongoing
Strengthen Operational Continuity
Capabilities for Critical Facilities
Fuel Trailer Project Not
Completed/
Ongoing
Strengthen Operational Continuity
Capabilities for Critical Facilities

7.6 Prioritization and Implementation of Mitigation Actions Potential mitigation actions were prioritized using the FEMA National Risk Index (NRI) score and information from the 2024 Los Angeles Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA), which both address hazards by frequency, severity, and impact. Both the NRI and THIRA follow established processes and use a standardized risk assessment methodology. The NRI incorporat es multiple variables including physical impacts posed by hazards in addition to social vulnerability data that communicates risks specific to a certain community. Table 7-7 provides an overview of the NRI results for Los Angeles County across 18 hazards. Hazards rated as Relatively L o w , N o t A p p l i c a b l e , o r N o R a t i n g w e r e n o t i n c l u d e d i n t h i s A H M P a s t h e y a r e uncommon in frequency in Los Angeles County; all other hazards are c overed in this plan.

Table 7-7 FEMA National Risk Index Hazards
Hazard NRI Score
(out of 100.0)
Score Description Covered in
Plan?
Earthquake 100.0 Very High Yes | Section 6.3
Wildfire 99.9 Very High Yes | Section 6.2
Extreme Heat 98.4 Relatively High Yes | Section 6.4
Tornado 97.6 Relatively High Yes | Section 6.10
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Hazard NRI Score
(out of 100.0)
Score Description Covered in
Plan?
Landslide 96.3 Relatively High Yes | Section 6.8
Lightning 95.0 Relatively High Yes | Section 6.2/

6.6 Riverine Flooding 90.8 Relatively Moderate Yes | Section 6.6 Drought 73.8 Relatively Moderate Yes | Section 6.5
Strong Wind 73.5 Relatively Moderate Yes | Section 6.10 Tsunami 63.5 Relatively Moderate Yes | Section 6.10
Winter Weather 48.6 Relatively Low Not Prioritized
Hail 48.1 Relatively Low Not Prioritized
Coastal Flooding 43.3 Very Low Not Prioritized
Avalanche 33.7 Very Low Not Prioritized
Cold Wave 0.0 No Rating Not Prioritized
Hurricane N/A Not Applicable Not Prioritized
Ice Storm N/A Not Applicable Not Prioritized
Volcanic Activity N/A Not Applicable Not Prioritized
The THIRA is a process that communities undertake to assess risk and set capability targets to focus their preparedness efforts and strengthen response and recovery capabilities. There are three primary focuses of the THIRA: threat and hazard identification, impacts analyses that include the specific demographics of the community, and a description of existing response and recovery capabilities. The 2024 Los Angeles/Long Beach THIRA was reviewed as part of this hazard mitigation planning effort and all threats and hazards identified were included as part of this AHMP .

Additionally, the THIRA’s identification of several human-caused threats with potential to impact Los Angeles County influenced the decision to include such threats in this AHMP . Table 7-8 shows a crosswalk of the hazards and threats identified in the THIRA and their corresponding sections in this AHMP .

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Table 7-8 2024 THIRA and 2025 AHMP Crosswalk
2024 THIRA
Hazard/Threat Name
2025 AHMP Hazard/Threat
Name
Covered in Plan?
Biological Attack Public Health Emergencies Yes | Section 6.14 Complex Coordinated
Terrorist Attack
Mass Violence Yes | Section 6.11
Cyber Attack Cyber Incident Yes | Section 6.12
Earthquake Earthquake Yes | Section 6.3
Flood Flooding Yes | Section 6.6
Pandemic – Human Public Health Emergencies Yes | Section 6.14 Radiological Attack Public Health Emergencies Yes | Section 6.14 Transportation Accident Transportation Incident Yes | Section 6.13 Wildfire Wildfire Yes | Section 6.2
Additional criteria used to prioritize potential mitigation actions also included the following components:
• Actions that prioritize equity and integrate vulnerable populations, including people with AFN.
• Potential benefits of the action to prevent a major hazard. • Actions that have social support to build a culture and practice of resilience. • Cost of the action versus the potential benefit to prevent a major hazard. • Availability of funding and actions that support grant requirements. • Political support to remedy or prevent a major health or safety hazard. • Actions that are technically, legally, environmentally, and economically feasible. • Actions that the County has the administrative capabilities to implement. • Actions that are related to mitigating long-term vulnerabilities to County- owned High Hazard Potential Dams will automatically be given a HIGH priority.

7.6.1 Priority Levels
• High-Priority Mitigation Actions: are essential and require immediate attention to address critical risks and safeguard life, property, or essential systems.

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

• Medium-Priority Mitigation Actions: are important but less urgent, supporting overall risk reduction and resilience goals while allowing for planned implementation.
• Low-Priority Mitigation Actions: address lower -risk concerns or long -term objectives and can be deferred without immediate impact to safety or core functions.

7.6.2 Changes in Criteria
The 2014 Los Angeles County AHMP’s Mitigation Action Matrix was prioritized using the Social, Technical, Administrative, Political, Legal, Environmental, and Economic (STAPLEE) method, which FEMA had recommended as a prioritization procedure in the early t o mid -2000s. The 2020 AHMP replaced the use of STAPLEE with a more streamlined prioritization process that included the following:
• T o r e m e dy o r p r e ve n t a m a j o r h e a l th / s af e ty h a z a r d, a m i ti g a ti o n p r o j e c t m u s t have political support.
• To build a culture and practice of disaster resilience, a mitigation project must have social support.
• To meet FEMA HMA grant criteria, a mitigation project must be technically, legally, environmentally, and economically feasible and the jurisdiction must have the administrative capabilities to implement it.

This prioritization method used in the 2020 AHMP has been adapted and incorporated into the prioritization criteria described previously in Section 7.6.

7.7 Integration with Other Plans
The County of Los Angeles ensures that mitigation is a countywide effort with multiple departments contributing to critical activities that reduce hazard risks. These actions are captured in other discipline-specific plans in addition to the AHMP , including those listed in Table 7-9.

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Table 7-9 AHMP Integration with Other Plans
Plan Authored By Hazard(s) Covered
in Plan?
Comprehensive
Floodplain
Management Plan
Los Angeles County
Department of Public
Works
Flood Yes
Repetitive Loss Area
Analysis Report
Los Angeles County
Department of Public
Works
Flood
Yes
Climate Action Plan Los Angeles County
Department of Regional
Planning
Wildfire
Extreme Heat
Flooding
Drought
Yes
Sustainability Plan Los Angeles County Chief
Sustainability Office
Wildfire
Extreme Heat
Flooding
Drought
Yes
County Fire Plan Los Angeles County Fire
Department
Wildfire Yes
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

7.8 Mitigation Action Plan
Table 7-10 represents a Mitigation Action Plan to reduce risks of the hazards identified in this AHMP . Notably, many County departments include discipline -specific mitigation actions within other related plans mentioned in the above section. Some actions that mitigate risk of natural hazards that are covered elsewhere may not be explicitly listed or may be referred to in general terms while specific details are available in other related plans.

Table 7-10 Mitigation Action Plan
Action
No.

Priority Hazard
Action Name
Potential
Funding
Source
Expected
Time
Frame
Lead
Agencies
01 HIGH
Wildfire Support and Expand Countywide
Vegetation Management and Fire
Prevention Efforts
HMGP Annual LACoFD, PW
Severe
Wind/Tornado
02 HIGH
Wildfire Enhance Community
Engagement in Wildfire
Protection and Prevention
HMGP Quarterly LACoFD, DRP ,
OEM, LASD Severe
Wind/Tornado
03 HIGH
Wildfire Perform Post-Fire Flooding,
Debris Flow, and Mud Flow Risk
Assessments and Mitigation
Activities
HMGP , FMA Annual PW, LACoFD,
OEM
Flooding
04 HIGH
Wildfire UASI, SHSP Annual OEM, PW,
DPH, Extreme Heat
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Action
No.

Priority Hazard
Action Name
Potential
Funding
Source
Expected
Time
Frame
Lead
Agencies
Severe
Wind/Tornado
Strengthen Operational
Continuity Capabilities for Critical
Facilities
LACoFD,

LASD, ISD
Cyber Incidents
05 HIGH
Wildfire
Incorporate Hazards in Local
Planning, Land Use, and
Development Codes
HMGP , FMA 1-3 Years D R P, PW
Earthquake
Land Movement
Severe
Wind/Tornado
Flooding
06 MEDIUM
Wildfire
Increase Public Awareness of
Climate Change Effects on Local
Hazards
FMA, Prop 4 Annual DRP, CSO,
CEO
Extreme Heat
Drought
Land Movement
Severe
Wind/Tornado
Flooding
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Action
No.

Priority Hazard
Action Name
Potential
Funding
Source
Expected
Time
Frame
Lead
Agencies

07 HIGH

Flooding Expand Stormwater
Management, Drainage, and
Outlet Planning
FMA 1-5 Years PW
Drought
Transportation
Incident
08 HIGH Flooding Construct and Maintain Localized
Flood Control Improvements
FMA 1-5 Years PW
09 MEDIUM Flooding Preserve Floodplains as Public
Use Open Spaces
FMA, Prop 4 1-5 Years PW, DRP, DPR
10 HIGH
Earthquake Harden Critical Facilities and
Infrastructure from Seismic
Damage
HMGP 1-5 Years PW, ISD
Land Movement
Dam Failure
11 MEDIUM
Earthquake Prevent Impacts to the
Transportation System
HMGP 1-5 Years PW, LASD
Land Movement
Transportation
Incident
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Action
No.

Priority Hazard
Action Name
Potential
Funding
Source
Expected
Time
Frame
Lead
Agencies
12 HIGH
Earthquake Conduct Seismic Strengthening
at County-Owned Dams
FMA, HHPD 1-5 Years PW
Dam Failure
13 MEDIUM Drought Assess Water Resilience in Los
Angeles County
Prop 4 1-5 Years PW, DRP
14 MEDIUM Drought Expand Drought-Tolerant
Landscaping and Design
Prop 4 1-5 Years DPR, DRP ,

PW, CSO
15 HIGH Extreme Heat
Address Urban Heat Islands by
Investing in Green Infrastructure
and Cooling Strategies
Prop 4 1-5 Years CSO, DRP,

DEO, DPH,

PW, DPR
16 HIGH
Flooding Increase Coastal Resilience,
Prevent Erosion, and Protect
Shorelines
FMA, Prop 4 1-5 Years CSO, DBH,
PW
Tsunami
17 HIGH
Mass Violence Conduct Multi-Discipline Training
and Exercise Programs
UASI, SHSP 1-5 Years LASD, OEM,
LACoFD
Cyber Incidents
18 MEDIUM
Mass Violence Strengthen Partnerships and
Resource Coordination Among
Local Agencies
UASI, SHSP 1-5 Years LASD, OEM,
LACoFD
Cyber Incidents
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Action
No.

Priority Hazard
Action Name
Potential
Funding
Source
Expected
Time
Frame
Lead
Agencies
19 MEDIUM Mass Violence
Incorporate Mass Violence
Prevention and Mitigation Efforts
into Special Event Planning
UASI, SHSP 1-5 Years LASD, OEM,
LACoFD
20 HIGH Extreme Heat
Extreme Heat Risk Education and
Safety Outreach for Residents
and Vulnerable Workers
Prop 4 1-5 Years CSO, DEO,

DPH, PW,
DAD
21 HIGH
Public Health
Emergencies
Strengthen Robust Public Health
Prevention and Preparedness
Measures

UASI, SHSP ,

PHEP , HPP
1-5 Years DPH, OEM,
DHS,
LACoFD
22 MEDIUM
Wildfire Increase Field Response and
Coordination Capabilities
UASI, SHSP 1-5 Years LASD, OEM,
LACoFD
Mass Violence
Agency Key:

CEO = Los Angeles County Chief Executive Office
CSO = Los Angeles County Chief Sustainability Office
DAD=Los Angeles Department of Aging and Disabilities
DBH = Los Angeles County Department of Beaches and Harbors DEO = Los Angeles County Department of Economic Opportunity DHS = Los Angeles County Department of Health Services
DPH = Los Angeles County Department of Public Health
DPR = Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation PW = Los Angeles County Public Works
DRP = Los Angeles County Department of Regional Planning ISD = Los Angeles County Internal Services Department

LACoFD = Los Angeles County Fire Department.

LASD = Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department
OEM = Los Angeles County Chief Executive Office - Office of Emergency Management
Grant Program Key:

FMA = Flood Mitigation Assistance
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
HPP = Hospital Preparedness Program
PHEP = Public Health Emergency Preparedness
SHSP = State Homeland Security Program
UASI = Urban Area Security Initiative
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

8 Plan Maintenance
County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

8.1 Community Participation in Plan Maintenance
The Hazard Mitigation Plan will be reviewed regularly, acknowledging the dynamic nature of hazard landscapes and the evolving understanding of risks. Stakeholders’ engagement will be prioritized throughout the development and monitoring process, fostering transparency and accountability.

To maintain transparency and community involvement, the County has outlined several measures for continued public participation:
• Public Access to Hazard Mitigation Documents: A copy of the 2025 AHMP will be maintained on the Los Angeles County Hazard Mitigation Program website along with contact information. Los Angeles County OEM will notify the public of any changes or updates, including mitigation projects identified in the plan as they are implemented, via social media, and traditional local media channels. • Annual Public Engagement Opportunities: Los Angeles County OEM will endeavor to hold multiple in -person public engagement opportunities for hazard mitigation to keep the public informed of progress on hazard mitigation projects, obtain ongoing public feedback, and educate the public about the County’s hazard mitigation efforts.
• Online Portal: A Los Angeles County Hazard Mitigation Program website will be established to provide the public with more information on hazard mitigation and project updates. This portal will serve as a mechanism to obtain continuous public feedback as projects are imp lemented and offers access to mitigation resources.
• Standing Advisory Committee: The Hazard Mitigation Advisory Committee will be expanded to a standing status and will meet at least once per year or more often as determined necessary to support hazard mitigation projects. The standing Hazard Mitigation Advisory Committee will be comp rised of representatives from diverse community groups to provide ongoing input and oversight of hazard mitigation efforts. The standing Hazard Mitigation Advisory Committee will also serve as an important forum for future update s o f t h e A H M P.

These activities ensure that the community remains informed and actively engaged in the plan’s implementation and maintenance.

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

8.2 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Maintenance
To ensure the continued effectiveness of this All-Hazard Mitigation Plan (AHMP), effective monitoring and evaluation will be conducted throughout the plan implementation period. Regular assessments will monitor progress and evaluate the achievements of the intended outcomes. Performance metrics will be developed to quantify the impact of each mitigation action, allowing for data driven adjustments and refinements.

The plan will be reviewed annually to assess progress on mitigation actions. Annual review will include the following elements:
• Annual Review Worksheets: Every year, LA County OEM will email each member of the Hazard Mitigation Advisory Committee an Annual Review Worksheet to complete. As shown in Appendix E, the Annual Review Worksheet reflects the FEMA Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Tool and includes the following sections: planning process, hazard profile, risk assessment, and mitigation strategy. Each member of the Hazard Mitigation Advisory Committee will email completed worksheets back to LA County OEM to review. LA Count y OEM will summarize these findings and email them out to the committee.

Additionally, the findings from the review worksheets will be presented to the full Hazard Mitigation Advisory Committee at its next regular meeting. • Mitigation Progress Project Reports: Mitigation actions will be monitored and updated using the Mitigation Project Progress Report. During each annual review, each department or agency currently administering a mitigation project will submit a progress report to LA County OEM. For projects t hat are being funded by a FEMA mitigation grant, FEMA quarterly reports may be used as the preferred reporting tool. As shown in Appendix E, the progress report will discuss the current status of the mitigation project, including any changes made to the project, identify implementation problems, and describe appropriate strategies to overcome them.
• Post-Incident Mitigation Review: Following a major disaster event impacting Los Angeles County, a post-disaster review will be initiated by LA County OEM to evaluate the need to update the AHMP based on the circumstances of the disaster and incorporate any specific mitigation actions requ ired due to the County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

incident. If LA County OEM finds that an update to the AHMP is needed, the Hazard Mitigation Advisory Committee will be convened to begin drafting the update.

8.3 Criteria for Updating the Hazard Mitigation Plan
The All-Hazards Mitigation Plan (AHMP) is required to be updated every five years in compliance with the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) and FEMA guidance (44 CFR § 201.6). The update process is not merely an administrative requirement but a critical mechanism to evaluate the plan’s effectiveness in reducing risk and guiding mitigation strategies.

1. Review of Past Actions and Effectiveness
The update process begins with a thorough review of the mitigation actions outlined in the previous plan. This includes:
• Evaluating the implementation status of each action (completed, in progress, not started).
• Assessing the impact and effectiveness of completed actions in reducing hazard risk.
• Determining if the objectives are still relevant or require modification based on new data or circumstances.

2. Integration of New Data and Changing Conditions
• Hazard profiles and risk assessments are updated with new hazard event data, climate science, and changes in development or land use. • Demographic shifts and infrastructure changes are reviewed to reassess vulnerability.
• Technological advancements or improved modeling tools (e.g., Hazus, National Risk Index) are incorporated to refine risk analysis.

3. Community and Stakeholder Input
The update process must actively include community participation to maintain transparency and ensure the plan reflects local priorities. This includes:

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

• Public workshops and surveys.
• Targeted outreach to vulnerable populations including those with Access and Functional Needs (AFN).
• Feedback from County departments, cities, NGOs, and regional partners.

4. Performance Evaluation and Metrics
To ensure effectiveness, the plan maintenance strategy includes:
• Annual progress reports that monitor implementation progress and identify barriers.
• Metrics to evaluate the reduction of risk or exposure over time. • Documentation of lessons learned from real events and exercises to inform changes.

5. Revision of Goals, Objectives, and Actions
Based on the evaluation findings, the plan’s goals and mitigation actions are revised to improve alignment with current capabilities, risk levels, and funding opportunities.

Each updated action includes:
• Clear responsibilities.
• Realistic timelines.
• Evaluation metrics to measure future success.

8.4 Plan Update
The 2025 LHMP includes an updated methodology for future revisions, ensuring compliance with federal and state guidelines. A full plan update will occur every five years.
• 2030 AHMP Update Kickoff: LA County OEM will convene the Hazard Mitigation Advisory Committee for a meeting to review the worksheet findings and endeavor to begin the process of updating the AHMP in approximately November 2028. The planning process should begin a minimum of 18 months prior to the plan’s expiration. LA County OEM, in consultation with the Hazard Mitigation Advisory Committee, will develop a work plan for the update, conduct County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

research and review relevant documentation, determine hazards to be included in the 2030 AHMP , and begin the process to draft an updated AHMP . • Plan Submission and Adoption: Once updated, the plan is submitted to Cal OES and FEMA for review . Upon conditional approval, it must be adopted by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors and participating jurisdictions to maintain eligibility for FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) grants.

8.5 Integration with Other Plans
Los Angeles County is committed to ensuring that hazard mitigation planning is not a standalone effort, but a fully integrated component of broader County planning initiatives. By strategically weaving the goals, objectives, and actions of the All-Hazards Mitigation Plan (AHMP) into a variety of local and regional plans such as the General Plan, Capital Improvement Plans, Climate Action and Adaptation Plans, and departmental strategic plans ; the County promotes a more cohesive and effective approach to buil ding long-term resilience. This integration is achieved through ongoing collaboration with County departments, cities, and regional agencies to align land use, infrastructure development, and emergency preparedness efforts with identified hazard risks. Emb edding hazard mitigation principles into existing policies and planning mechanisms ensures that they become an inherent part of decision- making processes, project funding prioritization, and long -term investment strategies ultimately reducing vulnerabilities and enhancing the resilience of communities across Los Angeles County.

The Los Angeles County AHMP will be shared across all jurisdictions within the operational area. Those jurisdictions will have the opportunity to incorporate the 2025 AHMP into their established planning process. The Hazard Mitigation Advisory Committee will assess the plan at a yearly basis, acknowledging the dynamic nature of hazard landscapes and the evolving understanding of risks. The OEM Hazard Mitigation Program will make the AHMP available for all county departments to incorporate into departmental planning efforts, and other relevant documents produced by Los Angeles County departments.

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

9 Plan Adoption

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

9.1 Plan Adoption Overview
Plan Adoption addressed Element F of the Local Mitigation Plan Regulation Checklist under single jurisdiction plan requirement.

The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors officially adopted the 2025 All Hazard Mitigation Plan (AHMP) through a formal resolution on September 9, 2025. A scanned copy of the resolution is included in Appendix F. The Los Angeles County Office of Emergency Management (OEM) will retain the resolution for its records, while copies will be submitted to both Cal OES and FEMA.

This Plan adoption completes the mitigation planning process and department agencies, stakeholders, and community’s commitment to the goals and actions. It also recognizes the current planning process and acknowledges changes from the past five years and validates the priorities for hazard mitigation actions. It makes the community eligible for certain FEMA assistance that can fund some mitigation actions.

After being adopted by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, the 2025 AHMP transitions into the implementation phase. The success of the plan hinges on the integrating its mitigation strategies and actions into the local plans and policies. The mitigation action items collectively establish a robust framework to guide the County’s hazard mitigation strategies over the next five years. To ensure these strategies are effective, actionable and well aligned with the county’s long term resilience goals, the Planning Advisory Committee has set clear objectives. Their prioritized approach focuses on seamlessly blending mitigation actions with current policies, plans, and emphasizing collaboration and coherence throughout.

County of Los Angeles
All-Hazards Mitigation Plan

Appendices

APPENDIX D

CITY OF POMONA WATER RATE STRUCTURE

RESOLUTION NO. 2019- 127

ARESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF POMONA

APPROVING NEW RATE STRUCTURES FOR WATER AND

RECYCLED WATER FEES AND SERVICE CHARGES AND

INCRE ASING SEWER SERVICE FEES
WHEREAS, Chapter62 of the PomonaCity Code, Article IV, Municipal Water Utility, Section62-195and62-291, establishesthe City's ability to chargebimonthlyfeesfor the supply of water and recycled water to customers within and outside the City of Pomona, and established the City Council' s authority to set water and recycled water rates by resolution; WHEREAS, Chapter 62 of the Pomona City Code, Article V, Sewer Disposal, Section 62-400, establishesthe City' s ability to charge bimonthly fees for sewer services to customers, and establishesthe City Council' s authority to set sewerservice ratesby resolution; WHEREAS, this resolution adjusting water, recycled water, and sewer service rates shall apply only to Chapter 62 of the Pomona City Code, Article IV and V, Municipal Water Utility and Sewer Disposal, respectively;
WHEREAS, the City previously retained Raftelis Financial Consultants, an independent financial consultant to review the City' s water, recycled water, and sewer utilities to determine whether rates for service charges are sufficient to meet increased costs of service, and to prepare a cost of service analysis, and rate study (the "Study"); WHEREAS, based on the results of the Study ( a copy of which is available for inspection at the office of the City Clerk, and was also posted on the City' s website), increases to the rates for water, recycled water, and sewer service fees and chargesare necessary; WHEREAS, the proposed potable water rate structure includes a fixed service charge imposed on a bimonthly basis, and a commodity charge. The fixed service charge includes a meter service charge, determined based on the size of the meter serving the property (measured in inches), and recovers the cost to maintain and replace meters as well as a portion of extra- capacity related costs, and a customer service component, which is the same for all meters regardless of size. The proposedcommodity chargeis basedon the amount of water consumed, measured in dollars per hundred cubic feet (" CCF") delivered to the property, and is divided into domestic and irrigation customer classes based on shared patterns of usage; WHEREAS, the proposed potable water rate structure also includes fire service charges for certain properties in the City that have private fire service meters installed, and which is charged based on the size of the fire meter serving the property; WHEREAS, the proposed recycled water rate structure includes a commodity charge, which is determinedbasedon the numberof acrefeet of recycledwaterdeliveredto a property, and a bimonthly recycled water service charge, based on the size of the recycled water meter serving the property;
WHEREAS, the proposed sewer service charges include a bimonthly service charge, which is uniform for all customers, and a consumption charge, which is applied per unit of water consumption defined, as the average of two complete months data within the period of December of the previous year through the following March,
WHEREAS, the proposed rate structures are for a period of five years, and are proposed to take effect October 1, 201.9, and to increaseeachJanuary I thereafter commencing January 1, 2020, through and including January 1, 2023;
WHEREAS, the proposed potable water, recycled water, and sewer service fees collectively, the " Fees") are property- relate fees within the meaning of article X111D of the California Constitution;
WHEREAS, the revenues derived from the Fees will not exceed the funds required to provide the services for which the Fees are imposed, and will be used exclusively for the operationandmaintenanceof the City' s potablewater, recycled water, and sewersystems; WHEREAS, the Fees are equitable to all customer classes; WHEREAS, the amount of the Fees will not exceed the proportional cost of the service attributable to eachparcel upon which they areproposed for imposition; WHEREAS, the Fees will not be imposed on a parcel unless the service for which such Feesareimposed, is actually usedby, or immediately available to, the owner of the parcel; WHEREAS, article X111. D, section 6 of the California Constitution (" Article XIII D") requires that prior to imposing any increaseto, the Fees, the City shall provide written notice (the Notice") by mail of the new or increased Fees to the record owner of each parcel upon which the Fees are proposed for imposition and any tenant directly liable for payment of the Fees, the amount of the Fees proposed to be imposed on each parcel, the basis upon which the Fees were calculated, the reason for the Fees, and the date time and location of a, public hearing (the Hearing") on the proposed Fees;
WHEREAS, on July 19, 2019, the City distributed notices as required by Article XIII D regarding the City Council' s considerationof the proposedrate adjustmentsto the Feesat the September 1.6, 2019, public bearing to all property owners of record and utility customers in accordance with Article XIII D, Section 6(a)( 1) of the California Constitution, and Government Code Section 53755;
WHEREAS, on September16, 2019, the City Council held a duty noticed public hearing on the proposed Fees contained in this Resolution, and at that time invited oral and written comments from the public;
WHEREAS, upon close of said public bearing, the City did receive written protests to the proposed Fees; and
WHUEAS, the City Council now desires to establish rates for the Fees, effective October 1, 2019, at the rates and subject to increases on the dates set forth in the schedules included as Exhibit A hereto.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Pomona as follows:

SECTION L That the adoption of this Resolution falls within a statutory exemption from environmental review pursuant to sections 15273, 15060(c)(2) of the State Guidelines for Implementation of the California Environmental Quality Act ( CEQA),, which pertain to the establishment, modification, structuring, restructuring, or approvalof ratesandchargesby public agencieswhich the public agencyfinds arefor the purposeof meetingoperating expenses, and pertain to activities that will not result in a direct or reasonablyforeseeableindirect changeto the environment and that are not defined as a project under CEQA Regulations.

SECTION 2. That after consideringthe materialpresentedin the Study, the City Council herebyfinds as, follows:
a) Revenuesderived from the Feesdo not exceed the funds required to provide the property related service;
b) Revenuesderived from the Feesare not used for any purpose other than for which the Fees or charges is imposed;
c) The amount of the Fees imposed upon any parcel or person does not exceed the proportional cost of service attributable to the parcel; d) The Fees are imposed for services that are actually used by, or immediately available to, the owner of the property upon which the Feesareimposed.

SECTION 3. That after receivingpublic commentand testimonyon the new fee structure for water, sewer and recycled water services provided, and absent a majority protest to the proposed fee increases, the new fee schedulefor water, sewer and recycled water fees and chargesareherebyapprovedassetforthin Exhibit "A" attachedheretoandincorporatedherein by this reference.

SECTION 4. That the new fee schedule for water, sewer and recycled water services shallbeimplementedbeginningOctober1, 2019, andshallbeincreasedannuallyonthedatesset forth in Exhibit " A" hereto, up to the maximum rates set forthorth in Exhibit " A" hereto. To the extentanyotherresolutionof the City conflicts, with theprovisionssetforth herein, it is the explicit intentof theCity Councilthattheprovisionsof this Resolutionshallsupersede.

SECTION 5. That all water charges subject to the adjusted fee schedule may resume annualCPl adjustment, asoutlined in City CodeSection62-271, startingonJanuary1, 2024.

SECTION 6. The City Clerk shall attestand certify to the passageand adoption of this Resolution.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 16"' day of September, 2019.

CITY OF P A:

Ti
an 0
Mayor
APPROVED ASTO FORM: ATTEST:

Sonia Carvalho
m
Rosalia A. Butt r, JMCCity Attorney City Cleric
I, HEI-EBY CERTIFY thattheforegoingresolutionwasduly adoptedby the City Councilof the Cityof Pomonaata regularmeetingthereofheldonSeptember16, 2019bythefallowingvote of the Council:.

AYES: Garcia, Gonzalez, Lustro, Ontiveros- Cole, Preciado, Torres, Sandoval NOES: None
ABSTAIN: None
ABSENT None
LosaliaA. .Bu ler, MMC
City Clerk
Resolution No. 2019- 127, Exhibit " A"
Rate Schedule
Bimonthly Potable,Water ServiceCharge
Meter October 1, 2019 January 1, 2020 January 1, 2021 January 1, 2022 January 1, 2023 5/ 8111 $

41. 29 $ 45. 52 50- 19 $ 55. 33 $- 59. 21 3/ 4" $ 60. 92 $ 67. 17 74. 05 $ 81. 64 $ 8735 r 100. 18 110. 45 $ 121. 77 134. 25 $ 143, 65
1- 1/ 2" $ 198. 33 218. 65 $ 241. 07 $ 26537 $ 284. 38 2m'
316. 10 $ 348. 50 $ 384. 22 $ 423. 60 $ 453. 26 2"
3"' 590. 91 $ 65'1. 48 $ 718. 25 791. 87 $ 847. 31 411 $
98149
1 1, 084. 30 $ 1, 195. 44 1, 317. 97 1,41M123
6"' $ 1, 964. 95L2, 16636 $ 2, 388. 41 $, 2, 633. 22 $ 2,817. 55 81" $
3, 142. 70 3, 464. 83 3, 819. 97 $ 4, 211. 52 $ 4, 506. 33 1w $ 4, 51635 $ 4, 979, 71 $ 5, 490. 13 6, 05187 $ 6, 476. 57 Potable Water Commodity Rate Structure
Water Use October 1, 2019 January 1, 2020 January1, 2021 January 1, 2022 January 1, 2023 Domestic Cost per CCF Cost per CCF Cost per CCF Cost per CCF Cost per CCF 1- 13 unfits 1. 77 1. 95 2. 15 2. 37 2. 54
14- 35 Units 1 2. 24 2. 47 1 2. 72 3. 00 3. 21
36 Units and Over 2. 36 2. 60 2. 871 3. 16 3. 38
Irrigation
1- 13 Units 1, 881 2. 07 2. 281 2. 51 2. 69
13- 35 Units 2, 601 2. 87 3. 161 3. 48 372
2,6513 Over 29211 L. 22 3. 55
Bimonthly Recycled Water Service Charge
Meter October 1, 2019 January1, 2020 _January1, 2021January1, 2022lanua!y 1, 2023211 163. 22 $ 69. 70 $ 76. 84 $ 84, 72 $ 90. 65 311
118. 18 $ 130. 30 $ 143. 65 $ 158. 37 $ 169., 46 4" 196. 70 $ 216. 86 $ 239. 09 $ 263- 59 $ 282. 05 601
392. 99 $ 433. 27 $ 477, 68 $ 526. 64 $ 563. 51 811
628. 54 $ 692. 97 $ 763, 99 $ 842. 30 $ 901. 27 1011 $
903. 35 $ 995. 94 $ 1, 098. 03 $ 1, 210. 57 $ 1, 295. 31 1211 $
1, 963. 33 $ 2, 164. 57 1 2, 386- 43 $ 2, 631. 04 $ 2, 81512 1401 $
2, 944. 78 $ 3, 246. 62 $ 3, 579. 40 $ 3, 946. 29 $ 4, 222, 53 16" $ 3, 926. 24 $ 4, 328. 68 $ 4, 772. 37 $ 5, 261. 54 $ 5, 629. 85 L. 1 $ 5, 410. 74 $ 5, 965. 34 $ 6, 576, 79 $ 77037. 17 Recycled Mater Commod ty RateStructure( CostPer Acre Foot) f-October l, 201911 January i, 2020 January 1, 2021 January 1, 2022 January 1, 2023' 1_$ 566. 47'. L$_ 589. 42 $ 546. 92 1 $ 566. 55 1 $ 587. 741 Resolution No, 2019- 127, Exhibit" ,"
Sewer Rates
October 1, 2019 January 1, 2020 January J'., 2021 Jar7ua 1, Zg22 January , X023 Bimonthly Service Charge $ 9. 39 1 $ 9. 96 1 $ 1 . 56 $ 11. 19 $ 11. 75 Pate Per Unit of Consumption $ 0130 1 $ 0, 74 $ 0. 78 0. 83 $ 9. 87 Faire Service Rates
Size October 1, 2019 January 1, 2020 January 1, 2021 January 1, 2022 January 1, 2023 2:" or less $ 8. 64 53 10. 50 $ 11, 5$ ' $ 1.2. 39 311 $

25. 102. 7. 67 $ 30. 51. $ 33..63 $ 35.99
41° $

53. 48 $.... 58. 96 $ _ 65. 01 71.. 67 $ 76. 69 61'
155. 36 $ 171. 28 $ 188. 84 $ 2..08. 19 $ 222. 76 81'" $
331. 07 $ 365. 00 402. 41 $ 443. 66 474. 72
10"' $ 595. 37 $ 656. 40 723. 68 $ 797. 86 $ 853. 71 121"
961. 69 $ 1, 060. 27 $ 1, 168. 95 1, 288. 76 $ 1, 378. 97 RESOLUTION NO. 2019- 128

A RESOLUTION OF TIRE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF' POM,ONA

CHANGING WATER RATES FOR TEMPORARY CONTRACTOR

METER WATER USAGE AND SETTING AVAILABILITY PRICING

FOR WHOLESALE RECYCLED ' AT ER CUSTOMERS SELLING

WATER OUT SIDETME AREA SERVED BY THE CITY
WHEREAS, Chapter62of thePomonaCityCode, ArticleIV, MunicipalWaterUtility, Section62-297establishestheCity's abilityto chargefeesfor thetemporarysupplyof water throughconstructionwatermetersandthe City Council's authorityto setwaterservicesbyresolution; WHEREAS, this resolution adjusting rates for water for temporary service for contractors shall apply only to Chapter 62 of the Pomona City Code, Article IV, Municipal Water Utility;
WHEREAS, a noticeof theSeptember16, 2019, publichearingon theproposedrate adjustmentswas published in, the Inland Valley Daily Bulletin on September6and September 13, 2019;
WHEREAS, for eachfee, theCity completedacostof servicestudyandhasdeterminedthe rates are appropriate; WHEREAS, the supplyof waterfor temporaryservicefor contractorsshallbesubjectto a surcharge, and added to the amount of water used in each tier, equal to that levied upon the City by the Metropolitan Water District and/or other suppliersof imported water asa part of their water conservation plan as constituted or as modified;
WHEREAS, the City is the purveyor of potable, nonpotableand recycledwater within its serviceareaandhasa contractwiththeSanitationDistrictof LosAngelesCountytoreceive 2/3 of the recycled water produced at the District' s Pomona WastewaterTreatment Plant; WHEREAS, theCity canactasa wholesalerandsupplyrecycledwaterto customers wholatersupplysaidwaterto usersoutsideof theareaservedbytheCity; WHEREAS, the City can supply water to customerswho utilize recycledwater in areas not servicedby the City and servedby anotherwater provider; WHEREAS, the City' s primary objectiveis to supply recycledwater to recycledwater customers within the area servedby the City;
WHEREAS, in the surnmertheremay be times whenrecycledwateravailableto the City is insufficientto meetdemands, in suchinstancesthe City mustmix potablewaterinto the recycled water system, which substantially increases the cost for providing recycled water; WHEREAS, when the demand for recycled water reaches the threshold that, requires potable water be used to increase available recycled water, threshold rates will apply to any customer who usesrecycled water to, sell for useoutside of the areaservedby the City, All users in the areaservedby City will continue to be chargedthe applicable rate, dependingon usage; WHEREAS, this resolution delineates how recycled water will be allocated to City customers and what rate each customer will be billed for the water they receive; WHEREAS, the rates established pursuant to this resolution are imposed for a specific government service or product provided directly to the payor that is not provided to those not charged, and which does not exceed the reasonablecoststo the local government of providing the serviceor product, andthe costof serviceanalysissupportingthe ratesis on the with the City Clerk and available for inspection.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Pomona as follows:

SECTION 1. The adoption of this Resolution falls within a statutory exemption from environmental review pursuant to sections 15273, 15060( c)( 2) of the State Guidelines for Implementation of the California Environmental Quality Act ( CEQA), which pertain to the establishment, modification, structuring, restructuring, or approval of rates and charges by public agencieswhich the public agency finds are for the purpose of meeting operating expenses, and pertain to activities that will not result in direct or reasonably foreseeableindirect changeto the environment and that are not defined as, a project under CEQA Regulations; SECTION 2. That after review of cost of service analysis for providing water services, and the financial analysis of the water and sewer utility funds, the Council had determined that the new rates for the services provided below are reasonable and justified and are hereby approved as set forth below.

Bimonthly Temporary Construction Water Service Charge ( Potable W ter) Meter October 1, 2019 January 1, 2020 Januaia 1, 2021 January 1, 2022 January IL, 2023 110
100. 18 $ 110. 45 $ 121. 77 $ 134. 25 $ 143. 65 Y" 590- 91 $ 651. 48 $ 718. 25 $ 791. 87 $ 847. 31 Temporary Construction Water Commodity RateStructure,(Potable Water) Water Use October 1, 2019 January 1, 2020 January 1, 2021 January 1, 2022 January 1, 2023 Tiers Cost per CCF Cost per CCF Cost ee r CCF Cost per CCF Cost per CCF 1 1- 13 Units 1. 77 $ 1. 95 $ 2. 15 $ 2- 37 $ 2. 54 2 14- 35 Units 2. 24 $ 2. 47 2. 72 3. 00 3. 21
3 36 Units and Cher $ 2. 36 $ 2. 60 2. 87 $ 3. 16 $ 3,381 Imported Water
IConservation Charge $ Ls
BimonthlyTempo TvConstruction WaterService Charge (RecycledWater) Meter October 1, 2019 January 1, 2020Janua 1, 20121 Jana ar 1, 2022 Januaryr 1, 2023

20. 22. 24. 35 26.85 28. 73
T1
118. 18 $ 1 x. 30 143. 65 $ 158. 37 $ 169. 46
TemporaryConstructionWaterComm dity RateStructure (RecycledWater) Water U!se October 1, 2019 January 1, 2020 Janua 1, 2021 January 1, 2022 Janua 1, 2023 Cost er CCF ICost e CCF Coast er CCF Cost per CCF ICostperCCF CCFUnits 1. 301 $ 1. 35 $ 1. 2.6 $ 1. 39 $ 1.35 Contractorsshall provide a refundabledepositfor constructionmetersat the ratesshown below. additionally, theCityshallcollectanadvancepaymentequaltotherateof a singlebimonthly service chargeat the requestedmeter size and type of water to be utilized and 55 CCF at the then current rate, said deposit and advancepaymentis to guaranteepayment for all water usedand. return of the meter. Lost, stolen or damaged meters are the responsibility of the contractor and will be repaired or replaced at the determination of the City.

Deposit amount-
1 Inch Meter- $ 288. 0101
3 Inch Meter- ,$ 1,0131.0101
SECTION 3. The water rates and service charges amended by this five- year rate adjustment plan will resume annual. CPI adjustment, effective January 1" of each year, as outlinedin City CodeSection62-271, startingonJanuary1, 20124.

SECTION 4. TheCity shallbill recycledwatercustomerswhoareresellingCitywater, orutilizingrecycledwateroutsidetheareaservedbytheCity, basedonthefollowingcriteria:

Phase 1. When there is sufficient recycled water , available to meet needs of recycled water customerswithin the areaservedby the City, the City will chane the City"s ratesthenin effectfor retail recycledwaterservicebasedon the meter size and recycled waster consumption.

Phase It. When recycled water is insufficient to meet the needs of the City' s retail recycled water customers, and the City is required to supplement the recycled water systemby adding potable water to the recycled water system to meet recycled water demands, the City' s Tier 3 ratesthen in effect for potable water service charges will be charged for the potable water added to the .recycled water system and sold outside of the area served by the City.

To determinethebilling for theamountof potablewaterused, the City will usethe following criteria.

When potable water is added to the recycled water system to meet wholesale demands, the City will sum all wholesale meter consumptions and subtract the potable water added, giving the volume recycled water provided to the system. The recycled water volume will then be divided by the number of wholesale customers, and subtracted from their wholesale meter read volurne, thereby providing the portion of potable water addedto the system. to meet their demands. Once this is determined, the City will invoice each customer for their portion of recycled water and potable water at the appropriate current rate.

If the total wholesale billings is less than the potable water delivered to the recycledwatersystemin a billing cycle, customerswill be billed at thethen current tier 3 potable water rate for all water used.
11' a wholesale customer does not fully use their portion of recycled water perbillingcycle, theunusedrecycledwaterwill beevenlydistributedto the other wholesale recycled water customers.

Phase 111. 11" the Water Resources Department determines, that there is insufficient recycled water for wholesale use, based on the City' s inability to obtain enoughrecycledwater to keep up with systemdemands, the Department shall notify impactedcustomersas soonas possibleand discontinue providing said recycled water. Once recycled water becomes available, customers shall be notified and sales shall resume as the Department is able to do so, at the then current rate.

SECTION 5. The fees and charges set forth herein shall become effective on October 1, 2019, and shall be adjusted as set forth in Sections 2 and 3 hereof. All resolutions or administrative actions by the City Council, or parts thereof that are inconsistent with any provisionof thisResolutionareherebysupersededonlytotheextentof suchinconsistency.

SECTION 6. The City Clerk shall attestandcertify to thepassageand adoptionof this Resolution.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 16' h
dayof September, 2019.

CITY OF POMONA:

Tijad0 d` val
Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM: ATTEST.
e.. "
w
s
m... .... _
Soria Carvalho ...._.___ .._..._, _ R s.alia A. Butle ,,, Ml'~ lC City Attorney City Clerk
1, HEREBYCERTIFYthattheforegoingresolutionwasdulyadoptedby theCityCouncilof the CityofPomonaataregularmeetingthereofheldonSeptember16, 2019bythefollowingvote of the Council:

AYES: Garcia, Gonzalez, Lustro, Ontiveros-Cole, Preciado, Torres, Sandoval NOES: None
ABSTAIN: None
ABSENT: None
s'
w q
d
Rosana A. But er, 1v1MC
City Clerk

EXECUTIVE ORDER
Thefeessetby ResolutionNo. 2019-128havebeensetin compliancewith Division5 of Chapter2 of the PomonaCity Codepertaining to the fixing of regulatory feesand service charges. Pursuant, to Section 2- 924( d) of the PomonaCity Code, the fee scheduleset by Resolution No. 2019-128 shall take effect ten (10) daysafter the signing of an Executive Order if no written appeal has been filed.

Date:
or rim , val
Retail
(x = required) Order 2025 Guidebook
Location
Water Code
Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject Relevant Submittal Table 2025 UWMP Location
x 1 Chapter 1 10615 A plan shall describe and evaluate sources of supply, reasonable and practical efficient uses, reclamation and demand management activities.

Introduction and
overview n/a Part 2 Chapter 4
Part 1 Chapter 3
x 1 Chapter 1 10630.5
Each plan shall include a simple description of the Supplier’s plan including water availability, future requirements, a strategy for meeting needs, and other pertinent information. Additionally, a Supplier may also choose to include a simple description at the beginning of each chapter.

Plan preparation n/a Part 2 Chapter 4
Executive Summary
x 2.1 Section 2.1 10620(b) Every person that becomes a Supplier shall adopt UWMP within one year after it has become a Supplier. Plan preparation n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 x 2.5 Section 2.5 10644 Supplier shall report the Public Water Systems number, volume of delivered water, and number of connections that are included in this UWMP. Plan preparation 2-1 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

2.1 x 2.5 Section 2.5 10644 Supplier shall report if this UWMP is an individual UWMP and whether the Supplier belongs to a regional UWMP or regional alliance. Plan preparation 2-2 Part 2 Chapter 4 x 2.5 Section 2.5 10644 Supplier shall report whether the data is in fiscal or calendar years and the units of measure used for reporting water volumes. Plan preparation 2-3 Part 2 Chapter 4 x 2.4 Section 2.4 10642
Provide supporting documentation that the Supplier has encouraged active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of the plan and contingency plan.

Plan preparation n/a
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
9 Part 4 Appendix D-2
x 2.4 Section 2.4.2 10620(d)(3)
Coordinate the preparation of its plan with other appropriate agencies in the area, including other Suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies, to the extent practicable.

Plan preparation n/a Part 4 Appendix D-2
x 2.4 Section 2.4.1 10631(h) Retail Suppliers will include documentation that they have provided their Wholesale Supplier(s)—if any—with water use projections from that source. Plan preparation 2-4 R Part 1 Chapter 5 n/a 2.4 Section 2.4.1 10631(h)
Wholesale Suppliers will provide their Suppliers with identification and quantification of the existing and planned sources of water available from the Wholesale Supplier to the Supplier during various water year types.

Plan preparation 2-4 W n/a
x 3 Chapter 3.0 10631(a) Describe the Supplier service area. System description n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

1.1 x 3.3 Section 3.3 10631(a) Describe the climate of the Supplier’s service area. System description n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

1.1 x 3.4 Section 3.4.1 10631(a) Provide the current and projected service area populations for 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045 and optionally 2050. System description 3-1 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

1.1 x 3.4 Section 3.4.2 10631(a) Describe other social, economic, and demographic factors affecting the Supplier’s water management planning. System description n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

1.1 x 3.5 Section 3.5 10631(a)
Describe the land uses within the service area… include the current and projected land uses within the existing or anticipated service area affecting the Supplier’s water management planning. Describe the land uses within the service area.

System description and
baselines n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

1.1 x 4.2 Sections 4.2.3 and 4.2.4 10631(d)(1) Quantify past, current, and projected water use, identifying the uses among water use sectors. System water use 4-1 and 4-2 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section 2 x 4.3 Section 4.3.1 10631(d)(3)(A) Report the distribution system water loss for each of the five years preceding the plan update. System water use 4-5 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

2.1.3 x 4.3 Section 4.3.2 10631(d)(3)(C) Retail Suppliers shall provide data to show the distribution loss standards were met. System water use 4-6 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

2.1.3 x 4.2 Section 4.2.5.4 10631.1(a) Include projected water use needed for lower income housing projected in the service area of the Supplier. System water use 4-3 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

2.3 x 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(A) In projected water use, include estimates of water savings from adopted codes, plans, and other policies or laws. System water use 4-3 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

2.2 x 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(B) Provide citations of codes, standards, ordinances, or plans used to make water use projections. System water use 4-3 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

2.2 x 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(B)(ii)
To the extent that a Supplier reports the information described in subparagraph (A), an urban water Supplier shall… Indicate the extent that the water use projections consider savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans. Water use projections that do not account for these water savings shall be noted of that fact.

System water use 4-3 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
2 x 4.2 Section 4.2.5.6 10635(b) Demands under climate change considerations must be included as part of the drought risk assessment. System water use n/a
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

2.4 Part 1 Chapter 5
n/a 5.1 Section 5.1 10608.36
Wholesale Suppliers shall include an assessment of present and proposed future measures, programs, and policies to help their Retail Suppliers achieve targeted water use reductions.

Baselines and targets n/a n/a
x 5.2 Section 5.2 10608.4
Retail Suppliers shall report on their compliance in meeting their water use targets. Reporting requirements will vary depending on whether the Supplier:
- Was considered an urban retail water supplier in 2020, - Met its 2020 target in 2020, or
- Was part of a merger or consolidation since 2020.

Chapter 5 Subsections 5.2.1, 5.2.2, and 5.2.3 address each of these situations.

Baselines and targets 5-1 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
3 x 6.1 Section 6.1 10631(b)(2) When multiple sources of water supply are identified, describe the management of each supply in relationship to other identified supplies. System supplies n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
4 Part 1 Chapter 3
x 6.1 Sections 6.1 and 6.2 10631(b)(1)
Provide a discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal, single dry year, and a drought lasting five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of drought, including changes in supply due to climate change.

System supplies n/a
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
4 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

5.3 Part 1 Chapter 5 Section
2 x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(C)
Indicate whether groundwater is an existing or planned source of water available to the Supplier. If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water… (include) a detailed description and analysis of the location, amount and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the Supplier for the past five years.

Water supplies and
recycled water 6-1 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.2 x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(A)
Indicate whether a groundwater sustainability plan or groundwater management plan has been adopted by the Supplier or if there is any other specific authorization for groundwater management. Include a copy of the plan or authorization.

System supplies n/a
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.2 Part 1 Chapter 3
x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B) Describe the groundwater basin. System supplies n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.2 Part 1 Chapter 3
x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B)
Indicate if the basin has been adjudicated and include a copy of the court order or decree and a description of the amount of water the Supplier has the legal right to pump.

System supplies n/a
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.2 Part 1 Chapter 3
x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B)
For unadjudicated basins… (include) information as to whether DWR has identified the basin as a high- or medium-priority basin in the most current official departmental bulletin…
Water supplies and
recycled water n/a
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.2 Part 1 Chapter 3
x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B)
For unadjudicated basins… describe efforts by the Supplier to coordinate with sustainability or groundwater agencies to achieve sustainable groundwater conditions.

Water supplies and
recycled water n/a
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.2 Part 1 Chapter 3
x 6.2 Section 6.2.2. 10631(b)(4)(C)
If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water… (include) a detailed description and analysis of the location, amount and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the Supplier for the past five years.

System supplies n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.2 x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(D) Provide a detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped. System supplies 6-9 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.8 x 6.1 Section 6.1 10631(b) Identify and quantify the existing and planned sources of water available for 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045 and optionally 2050. System supplies 6-8 and 6-9 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.8 Part 1 Chapter 3
Part 1 Chapter 5
x 6.2 Section 6.2.7 10631(c) Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short- term or long-term basis. System supplies n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.6 x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(a)
Describe the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the Supplier’s service area with quantified amount of collection and treatment and the disposal methods.

System supplies
(recycled water) 6-2 Part 2 Chapter 4
Section 4.5
x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(b)
Describe the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is otherwise available for use in a recycled water project.

System supplies
(recycled water) 6-3 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.5 x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(c) Describe the recycled water currently being used in the Supplier's service area.

System supplies
(recycled water) 6-4 Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.5.1 x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(d) Describe and quantify the potential uses of recycled water and provide a determination of the technical and economic feasibility of those uses.

System supplies
(recycled water) 6-4
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.5 Part 1 Chapter 3 Section
5 x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(e)
Describe the projected use of recycled water within the Supplier's service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and describe the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected.

System supplies
(recycled water) 6-4 and 6-5
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.5 Part 1 Chapter 3 Section
5 x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(f)
Describe the actions that may be taken to encourage the use of recycled water and the projected results of these actions in terms of acre-feet of recycled water used per year.

System supplies
(recycled water) 6-6 Part 1 Chapter 3 Section
5 x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(g) Provide a plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the Supplier's service area.

System supplies
(recycled water) n/a Part 1 Chapter Section 5
x 6.2 Section 6.2.6 10631(g) Describe desalinated water project opportunities for long-term supply. System supplies 6-7 Part 1 Chapter 3 Section 8 x 6.2 Section 6.2.10 10631(f)
Describe the expected future water supply projects and programs that may be undertaken by the water Supplier to address water supply reliability in average, single-dry, and for a period of drought lasting five consecutive water years.

System supplies 6-7
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section

4.7 Part 1 Chapter 3 Section
9 x 6.3 Section 6.3 and
Appendix O 10631.2(a) The UWMP must include energy information, as stated in the code, that a Supplier can readily obtain.

System suppliers,
energy intensity
O-1A, O-1B, O-1C,
and O-2
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

4.9 Part 4 Appendix D
x 7.1 Section 7.1 10634
Provide information on the quality of existing sources of water available to the Supplier and the manner in which water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
5 Part 1 Chapter 3
x 7.2 Section 7.2 10635(a)
Service Reliability Assessment: Assess the water supply reliability during normal, dry, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years by comparing the total water supply sources available to the Supplier with the total projected water use over the next 20 years.

Water supply reliability
assessment 7-2, 7-3, and 7-4
Part 2 Chapter 4
Section 5.3
Part 1 Chapter 5 Section
2 x 7.2 Section 7.2.3 10620(f) Describe water management tools and options to maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a Part 1 Chapter 3
x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b) Provide a drought risk assessment as part of information considered in developing the demand management measures and water supply projects.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

2.4 Part 1 Chapter 5
x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(1)
Include a description of the data, methodology, and basis for one or more supply shortage conditions that are necessary to conduct a drought risk assessment for a drought period that lasts five consecutive years.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
6 Part 1 Chapter 5
x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(2) Include a determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a
Part 2 Chapter 8 Section
6 Part 1 Chapter 5
x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(3) Include a comparison of the total water supply sources available to the Supplier with the total projected water use for the drought period.

Water supply reliability
assessment 7-5
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
6 Part 1 Chapter 5
x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(4)
Include considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section

5.1 Part 1 Chapter 5
x 8 Chapter 8 10632(a) Provide a water shortage contingency plan (WSCP) with specified elements below.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8 Chapter 8 10632(a)(1) Provide an analysis of water supply reliability (from Guidebook Chapter 7) in the WSCP.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.2 Section 8.2 10632(a)(2)(A) Provide the written decision-making process and other methods that the Supplier will use each year to determine its water reliability.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.2 Section 8.2 10632(a)(2)(B) Provide data and methodology to evaluate the Supplier’s water reliability for the current year and one dry year pursuant to factors in the code.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.3 Section 8.3 10632(a)(3)(A)
Define six standard water shortage levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% shortage, and greater than 50% shortage. These levels shall be based on supply conditions, including percent reductions in supply, changes in groundwater levels, changes in surface elevation, or other conditions. The shortage levels shall also apply to a catastrophic interruption of supply.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.3 Section 8.3 10632(a)(3)(B) Suppliers with an existing WSCP that uses different water shortage levels must cross reference their categories with the six standard categories.

Water shortage
contingency planning 8-1 Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(A) Suppliers with WSCPs that align with the defined shortage levels must specify locally appropriate supply augmentation actions.

Water shortage
contingency planning 8-2 Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(B) Specify locally appropriate demand reduction actions to adequately respond to shortages.

Water shortage
contingency planning 8-3 Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(C) Specify locally appropriate operational changes. Water shortage contingency planning 8-2 Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(D)
Specify additional mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices that are in addition to State-mandated prohibitions are appropriate to local conditions.

Water shortage
contingency planning Table 8-3 Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(E) Estimate the extent to which the gap between supplies and demand will be reduced by implementation of the action.

Water shortage
contingency planning 8-2 and 8-3 Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.4 Section 8.4.6 10632.5 The UWMP shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan. Water shortage contingency plan n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.5 Section 8.5 10632(a)(5)(A) Suppliers must describe that they will inform customers, the public and others regarding any current or predicted water shortages.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.5 Section 8.5 10632(a)(5)(B),
10632(a)(5)(C)
Suppliers must describe that they will inform customers, the public and others regarding any shortage response actions triggered or anticipated to be triggered and other relevant communications.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.6 Section 8.6 10632(a)(6) Retail Supplier must describe how it will ensure compliance with and enforce provisions of the WSCP.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(A) Describe the legal authority that empowers the Supplier to enforce shortage response actions.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(B) Provide a statement that the Supplier will declare a water shortage emergency per Water Code Chapter 3. Water Shortage Emergencies.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(C)
Provide a statement that the Supplier will coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water for the possible proclamation of a local emergency.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(A) Describe the potential revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(B)
Provide a description of mitigation actions needed to address revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(C) Retail Suppliers must describe the cost of compliance with Water Code Chapter 3.3, Excessive Residential Water Use During Drought.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.9 Section 8.9 10632(a)(9)
Retail Suppliers must describe the monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data are collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.10 Section 8.10 10632(a)(10)
Describe reevaluation and improvement procedures for monitoring and evaluation the WSCP to ensure risk tolerance is adequate and appropriate water shortage mitigation strategies are implemented.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.11 Section 8.11 10632(b)
Analyze and define water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 8.12 Section 8.12 10632(c) Make available the WSCP to customers and any city or county where it provides water within 30 days after adoption of the plan.

Water shortage
contingency planning n/a Part 4 Appendix D-7
x 9.1 Sections 9.1 10631(e)(1)
Retail Suppliers shall provide a description of the nature and extent of each demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The description will address specific measures listed in code.

Demand management
measures n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
8 n/a 9.2 Sections 9.2 10631(e)(2)
Wholesale Suppliers shall describe specific demand management measures listed in code, their distribution system asset management program, and Supplier assistance program.

Demand management
measures n/a n/a
x 10 Chapter 10 10608.26(a)
Retail Suppliers shall conduct a public hearing to discuss adoption, implementation, and economic impact of water use targets (recommended to discuss compliance).

Plan adoption,
submittal, and
implementation
n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
9 x 10.2 Section 10.2.1 10621(b)
Notify, at least 60 days prior to the public hearing, any city or county within which the Supplier provides water that the Supplier will be reviewing the UWMP and considering amendments or changes to the plan.

Plan adoption,
submittal, and
implementation
10-1
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
9 Part 4 Appendix D-2
x 10.4 Section 10.4 10621(f) Each urban water Supplier shall update and submit its 2025 plan to DWR by July 1, 202 6.

Plan adoption,
submittal, and
implementation
n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
9 x 10.2 Sections 10.2.2, 10.3,
and 10.5 10642
Provide supporting documentation that the Supplier made the UWMP and WSCP available for public inspection, published notice of the public hearing, and held a public hearing about the UWMP and WSCP.

Plan adoption,
submittal, and
implementation
n/a Part 4 Appendix D-3
x 10.2 Section 10.2.2 10642 The Supplier is to provide the time and place of the hearing to any city or county within which the Supplier provides water.

Plan adoption,
submittal, and
implementation
10-1 Part 4 Appendix D-3
x 10.3 Section 10.3.2 10642 Provide supporting documentation that the UWMP and WSCP has been adopted as prepared or modified.

Plan adoption,
submittal, and
implementation
n/a Part 4 Appendix D-3
x 10.4 Section 10.4 10644(a) Provide supporting documentation that the Supplier has submitted their UWMP to the California State Library.

Plan adoption,
submittal, and
implementation
n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
9 x 10.4 Section 10.4 10644(a)(1)
Provide supporting documentation that the Supplier has submitted their UWMP to any city or county within which the Supplier provides water no later than 30 days after adoption.

Plan adoption,
submittal, and
implementation
n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
9 x 10.4 Sections 10.4.1 and

10.4.2 10644(a)(2) The UWMP, or amendments to the UWMP, submitted to DWR shall be submitted electronically.

Plan adoption,
submittal, and
implementation
n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
9 x 10.7 Section 10.7.2 10644(b) If revised, submit a copy of the WSCP to DWR within 30 days of adoption.

Plan adoption,
submittal, and
implementation
n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
9 x 10.5 Section 10.5 10645(a)
Provide supporting documentation that, not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its UWMP with DWR, the Supplier has or will make the plan available for public review during normal business hours.

Plan adoption,
submittal, and
implementation
n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
9 x 10.5 Section 10.5 10645(b)
Provide supporting documentation that, not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its WSCP with DWR, the Supplier has or will make the plan available for public review during normal business hours.

Plan adoption,
submittal, and
implementation
n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
9 x 10.6 Section 10.6 10621(c) If Supplier is regulated by the Public Utilities Commission, include its plan and contingency plan as part of its general rate case filings.

Plan adoption,
submittal, and
implementation
n/a Part 2 Chapter 4 Section
9 THE CITY OF
POMONA
City of Pomona, Water Resources Department, 752 W. Commercial Street, Pomona, CA 91768

03/18/2026

The City of Pomona, Water Resources Department
752 W. Commercial St., Pomona, CA, 91768

Delivered via Email
City of Pomona – NOTICE OF PREPARATION OF THE 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN AND

SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN

To Whom It May Concern,
The City of Pomona is in the process of preparing and updating its 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) and Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) in compliance with the Urban Water Management Planning Act. An update of City of Pomona’s UWMP is required every five (5) years.

Water Code Section 10621(b) requires an urban water supplier updating its UWMP and WSCP to notify cities and counties within its service area of the update at least sixty (60) days prior to holding a public hearing, thereby encouraging public involvement and agency coordination. This letter serves as the City of Pomona‘s notice that it is preparing and updating its 2025 UWMP and WSCP.

If you would like more information, please contact Maxus Wong via email at [email protected] or by phone at (909) 620-2236.

Sincerely,

Maxus Wong
Water Conserva�on Specialist
City of Pomona, Water Resources Department

2025 Part 4: UWMP Suppo rting Information

Regional Workshop #1 Materials

Workshop 1: Regional Water Demand
and Supply Review
Regional UWMP
January 29, 2026

Workshop Introduction
Three Valleys Municipal Water District
2 | www.threevalleys.com
RUWMP-Participating Agencies:
o City of Glendora
o City of La Verne
o City of Pomona
o GSWC – Claremont
o GSWC – San Dimas
o Rowland Water District
o Three Valleys Municipal Water District
o Walnut Valley Water District
Other Member Agencies:
o Boy Scouts of America - Firestone Reservation
o California Polytechnic University, Pomona
o City of Covina
o Mt. San Antonio College
o Suburban Water Systems
o Valencia Heights Water Company
Workshop Objectives
I. Refresh on RUWMP
II. Touch base on progress
III. Plan ahead to complete the effort on time
IV. Answer your questions
3 | www.threevalleys.com
Workshop Agenda
5 min Welcome & Introductions
15 min Overview of the 2025 Regional UWMP Structure
40 min Supply & Demand Projections
15 min Drought Risk Assessment
5 min WSCP Update
30 min Q&A
10 min Schedule and Next Steps
4 | www.threevalleys.com
Roger Putty, PE, PMP
Principal-in-Charge
Presenters and GEI/WSC Project Team
Kwabena Asante, PhD, PE
Technical Lead, Water
Supply Reliability
Fatima Segoviano
UWMP Development
(Presenter)
Peter Kavounas, PE
Senior Civil Engineer
(Presenter)
Matthew Bachman
Water Supply & DRA
(Presenter)
Sevim Onsoy
Project Manager
Spencer Waterman
Technical Lead, Demands
Laine Carlson
Technical Advisor
5 | www.threevalleys.com

Overview of the 2025 Regional UWMP Structure
6 | www.threevalleys.com
Regional UWMP Structure
7 | www.threevalleys.com

Supply & Demand Projections
8 | www.threevalleys.com
9 | www.threevalleys.com
Regional Portfolio | Data Collection & Background
• Comprehensive Data Gathering: Collected historical
production, consumption, and water loss data (2021-
2025) to establish a “baseline” water use.
• Agency Collaboration: Conducted individual
meetings with 7 participating agencies to ground-truth
demand drivers, supply constraints, and future
development plans.
• Regional Integration: Incorporated available data for the 6 other TVMWD agencies to build a complete
regional picture of the Three Valleys service area.

This dataset serves as the backbone for the RUWMP ,
ensuring regional infrastructure and supply reliability projects are based on accurate local realities.

Regional Water Use =
RUWMP Participants
+ Other TVMWD Agencies
10 | www.threevalleys.com
Existing | Regional Water Use Baseline (2021-2025)
Agency Type Water Use Data Source
RUWMP Participants (7) Provided by agencies
Other TVMWD Agencies (6)
Estimated from publicly available
documentation and data provided to
TVMWD for other planning efforts
11 | www.threevalleys.com
Existing | Regional Groundwater Portfolio
Legend
Main San
Gabriel Basin
Puente Basin
Chino Basin
Six Basins
Spadra Basin
Three Valleys
Existing | Regional Groundwater Portfolio (2021-2025)
Acre-Feet
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000
Main Basin
Chino Basin
Six Basins
12 | www.threevalleys.com

13 | www.threevalleys.com
Existing | RUWMP Agency Water-Use Baselines (2021-2025) 14 | www.threevalleys.com
Existing | Regional Water-Use Baselines (2021-2025)
15 | www.threevalleys.com
Projected | Demand Projections Methodology
• Multi-Scenario Analysis: Developed and
presented up to five distinct demand projection
methodologies to each participating agency,
ranging from "Status Quo" trends to aggressive
"CWOL Compliance" scenarios.
• Agency Collaboration: Participating agencies
worked one-on-one with GEI and WSC to review
these scenarios and identify the specific
methodology most representative of their local
service area.
• Regional Integration: The finalized regional
demand reflects a "bottom-up" aggregation of
these agency-verified selections, ensuring the plan
is grounded in local operational reality.

16 | www.threevalleys.com
Projected | Supply Projections Methodology
Methodology Option 1
“Real Water” Approach
Baseline local agency supplies = 2021-2025 Average

1. Apply climate change factors from TVMWD
Climate Vulnerability Analysis to baseline local
agency supplies through 2050

1. 2. Compare agency local supply projections to
2025 UWMP demand projections through 2050.

3. Any projected unmet demand is assumed to be
met by imported water supply

1. 1 Also considers any operating restrictions (e.g., OSY), anticipated availability of supply, legal rights, etc.

17 | www.threevalleys.com
Projected | Supply Projections Methodology
1 Also considers any operating restrictions (e.g., OSY), anticipated availability of supply, legal rights, etc.

Methodology Option 2
“Paper Water” Approach
Baseline local agency supplies = 2021-2025 Average

1. Apply climate change factors from TVMWD
Climate Vulnerability Analysis to baseline local
agency supplies through 2050

1. 2. Projected imported water supply is determined
with the agency based on historical supply,
anticipated availability, legal rights, etc., through
2050.

18 | www.threevalleys.com
City of Glendora City of La Verne City of Pomona Rowland Water District GSWC – Claremont GSWC – San Dimas Walnut Valley Water District Projected | RUWMP Agency Water-Use Portfolios* (2050)
* Excludes recycled water
19 | www.threevalleys.com
Supply (AF) 2021-2025
Average
2050
Projected
Surface Water 1,481 1,576 (+6%)
Imported Water 46,137 38,926 (-16%)
Groundwater 31,313 31,055 (-1%)
TOTAL 78,931 71,557 (-9%)
Projected | RUWMP Agencies Water-Use Portfolios* (2050) * Excludes recycled water
20 | www.threevalleys.com
Projected | Regional Agencies Water-Use Portfolio* (2050) Supply (AF) 2021-2025
Average
2050
Projected
Other TVMWD Agencies1 62,759 68,070 (+8%)
Surface Water 1,481 1,576 (+6%)
Imported Water 46,137 38,926 (-16%)
Groundwater 31,313 31,055 (-1%)
TOTAL 141,689 139,627 (-1%)
1 Estimated
* Excludes recycled water
21 | www.threevalleys.com
Projected | Regional Water-Use Portfolio* (2030-2050)
Regional (All) AgenciesRUWMP-Participating Agencies
* Excludes recycled water
Drought Risk Assessment
22 | www.threevalleys.com
23 | www.threevalleys.com
Drought Risk Assessment (DRA)
What is the Drought Risk Assessment?
The DRA is a stress test required by DWR as part of the UWMP to verify supply reliability under specific hydrologic conditions.

What are the specific hydrologic conditions?

1. Normal Year: Average climate and supply.

2. Single Dry Year: Constrained supply, increased demand.

3. Five-Consecutive-Year Drought: Prolonged period of constrained supply, increased demand.

Why does DWR require a Drought Risk Assessment?
The DRA is intended to test near-term reliability, specifically:
• The functionality of the Supplier’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP). • Identify potential shortages.
• Justify short-term demand reduction or supply augmentation measures. 24 | www.threevalleys.com
Drought Risk Assessment | Regional Resiliency
The Three Valleys Regional Supply Reliability is
secured by two pillars:
• MWD’s high reliability imported supply
• MWD’s storage reservoirs are currently at
a near record-high.
• Modeling shows that even with cutbacks
on SWP and Colorado River supplies,
MWD has sufficient storage to meet
wholesale demands without shortage
allocations over the next 5 years.
• Management of local groundwater basins
• Major regional basins – Main San Gabriel,
Chino, and Six Basins – are adjudicated
and managed such that continued
pumping is possible during drought.

The Three Valleys Region manages Demand via
multiple means:
• Baseline demand assumptions
• Projections include “Passive Conservation” as
well as “Active Conservation”.
• The WSCP “Safety Net”
• Agencies can implement shortage levels (Level
1, 2, etc.) to reduce demand by 10-50%+.
• Regional collaboration
• TVMWD coordinates closely with MWD and
retail agencies to monitor key metrics (e.g.,
SWP allocations, reservoir levels) to determine
if WSCP or further actions are necessary.

Drought Risk Assessment | Regional Reliability
Scenario Supply Assumption Demand
Assumption
Regional
Outcome
Normal
Year
Average imported &
local yield
Normal water
use
Sufficient
regional
supply
Single Dry
Year
Reduced imported
allocation Increased
5-Year
Drought
Constrained imported
& local yield Increased
Analysis performed for the Drought Risk
Assessment shows that even with reduced
imported and local supplies and increased
weather-driven demands, the region
maintains sufficient supply to meet
demand during single and multi-year
drought conditions
Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) Update
26 | www.threevalleys.com
27 | www.threevalleys.com
WSCP – 2025 Updates
Document Collection:
• Gathered 2020 UWMP
WSCP Chapters
• Reviewed agency WSCPs
Key Updates to WSCPs:
 Updated references 2020
UWMP  2025 UWMP
 Updated tables and data
Draft 2025 WSCPs
Structure:
 Chapter 7: Discusses the
WSCP + summarizes any
agency insights/updates
 Appendix: Full 2025 WSCP

Q&A
28 | www.threevalleys.com
Schedule and Next Steps
29 | www.threevalleys.com
Schedule
March 2026:

Draft for Agency Review
April 2026:

Public Draft
February 2026:

Finalize 2025
WSCPs
Final
Compiled
RUWMP
Data Analysis
& Document
Review
Supply &
Demand
Projections
Agency
WSCPs
Regional
Context
Agency
UWMP
Chapters
Supporting
Documentation
WS 1
Jan
2026
WS 2
March
2026
Final
Adoption
May 2026
Public Adoption and Public Notice Process
Notice of Plan
Preparation issued at
least 60 days prior to
the public hearing
Notice of Public
Hearing published in a
local newspaper once
per week for two
consecutive weeks
Public hearing and
adoption may be
combined but must be
separate agenda items
Final UWMP/WSCP
submittal to DWR by
July 1, 2026

Public Adoption and Public Notice Process Schedule
Agency
Proposed Public
Hearing and Adoption
Meeting1
Date Notice of Plan
Preparation Needed
(60-Day)2
Date Public Drafts
Needed for Website
Posting
Newspaper Used for
Public Hearing
Notice3
Newspaper
Publication Days
Two-Week Ad
Window3
Date Final Package
Needed for Public
Hearing and
Adoption4
Three Valleys Municipal Water District May 20, 2026 March 21, 2026 City of Glendora May 26, 2026 March 27, 2026
City of La Verne May 18, 2026 March 19, 2026
City of Pomona May 18, 2026 March 19, 2026
Golden State Water Company –
Claremont May 26, 2026 March 27, 2026
Golden State Water Company –
San Dimas May 26, 2026 March 27, 2026
Rowland Water District May 12, 2026 March 13, 2026
Walnut Valley Water District May 18, 2026 March 19, 2026 Notes:

1. The public hearing and adoption may occur at the same meeting but must be separate agenda items.

2. Notice of Plan Preparation must be issued at least 60 days prior to the public hearing. The notices to the cities and counties should include the anticipated location where the 2025 UWMP can be viewed, the UWMP revision schedule, and contact information of the UWMP preparer.

3. Notice of Public Hearing must be published in a local newspaper once per week for two consecutive weeks.

4. Final UWMP (including WSCP) must be submitted to DWR by July 1, 2026. The WSCP must be treated as a stand-alone plan for noticing, public hearing, and adoption, even though it must be submitted as part of the UWMP .

Next Steps
 Confirm adoption dates (by Feb 6)
 Finalize demand and supply projections
• Coordinating with agencies in finalizing numbers
 Develop the Regional UWMP and individual agency UWMP chapters; distribute to participating agencies by March 30
 Participating Agency review of Regional UWMP and individual agency UWMP chapters (end of March-beginning of April)
 Prepare for and schedule Workshop #2 (end of March-beginning of April) Did we meet the Objectives for today?
I. Refresh on RUWMP
II. Touch base on progress
III. Plan ahead to complete the effort on time
IV. Answer your questions
34 | www.threevalleys.com

ADJOURNMENT
Contact Info:
[email protected] or
[email protected]
Regional (Remote) Workshop 1 - Supply and Demand Projections Agency Remote Attendees Email
City of Glendora Armando De Jesus [email protected] City of Glendora Damian Martinez [email protected] City of Glendora Russell Ackerman [email protected] City of La Verne Kristie Sanchez [email protected] City of La Verne Mike Maestas [email protected]
City of La Verne Raymond Apodaca [email protected] City of Pomona Julie Carver [email protected]
City of Pomona Maxus Wong [email protected]
City of Upland Michelle Madriz [email protected]
City of Upland Nicole deMoet [email protected]
City of Upland Norberto Ferreira [email protected] City of Upland Richard Gonzales [email protected]
City of Upland Kirk Swanner [email protected]
GEI Consultants Matthew Bachman [email protected] GEI Consultants Peter Kavounas [email protected] GEI Consultants Sevim Onsoy [email protected]
GEI Consultants Roger Putty [email protected]
GEI Consultants Fatima Segoviano [email protected] Golden State Water Company Lincoln Kha [email protected] Metropolitan Water District Carlos A Carrillo [email protected] Metropolitan Water District David Sumi [email protected] Metropolitan Water District/Six
Basins Mike N Ti [email protected]
Metropolitan Water District/Six
Basins Tiffany Tran [email protected]
Monte Vista Water District Michelle Licea [email protected] Rowland Water District Allen Davidson [email protected] Six Basins Watermaster Jorge A. Marquez
Three Valleys Kirk Howie [email protected]
Three Valleys Sylvie Lee [email protected]
Upper Water Katherine Vazquez [email protected]
Walnut Valley Water District Donna DiLaura [email protected] Walnut Valley Water District Dusty Moisio [email protected] Walnut Valley Water District Greg Galindo [email protected] Walnut Valley Water District James Ning [email protected] Walnut Valley Water District Tom Coleman [email protected]

2025 Part 4: UWMP Suppo rting Information

Regional Workshop #2 Materials
Workshop 2: Draft Regional Urban Water
Management Plan Review
April 2, 2026

Workshop Introduction
Three Valleys Municipal Water District
2 | www.threevalleys.com
RUWMP-Participating Agencies:
o City of Glendora
o City of La Verne
o City of Pomona
o GSWC – Claremont
o GSWC – San Dimas
o Rowland Water District
o Three Valleys Municipal Water District
o Walnut Valley Water District
Other Member Agencies:
o Boy Scouts of America - Firestone Reservation
o California Polytechnic University, Pomona
o City of Covina
o Mt. San Antonio College
o Suburban Water Systems
o Valencia Heights Water Company
Workshop Objectives
I. Update on Draft RUWMP
II. Plan ahead to complete the RUWMP on time
III. Answer your questions
3 | www.threevalleys.com
Workshop Agenda
5 min Welcome & Introductions
10 min Refresher for the 2025 Regional UWMP Structure
30 min Draft RUWMP Review (Key Assumptions & Results)
15 min Integrating Local Realities and Regional Reliability 5 min WSCP Status
20 min Q&A and Discussion
10 min Schedule and Next Steps
4 | www.threevalleys.com
Roger Putty, PE, PMP
Principal-in-Charge
Presenters and GEI/WSC Project Team
Kwabena Asante, PhD, PE
Technical Lead, Water
Supply Reliability
Fatima Segoviano
UWMP Development
Sevim Onsoy, PhD
Project Manager
(Presenter)
Matthew Bachman
Water Supply & DRA
(Presenter)
Spencer Waterman
Technical Lead, Demands
Laine Carlson
Technical Advisor
5 | www.threevalleys.com
Peter Kavounas, PE
Technical Advisor

Imani Lawrence
Water Resources Planner
Overview of the 2025 Regional UWMP Structure
6 | www.threevalleys.com
Regional UWMP Structure
7 | www.threevalleys.com

Draft RUWMP Review
8 | www.threevalleys.com
9 | www.threevalleys.com
Regional Portfolio | Data Collection & Background
• Comprehensive Data Gathering: Collected historical
production, consumption, and water loss data (2021-
2025) to establish a “baseline” water use.
• Agency Collaboration: Conducted individual
meetings with 7 participating agencies to ground-truth
demand drivers, supply constraints, and future
development plans.
• Regional Integration: Incorporated available data for the 6 other TVMWD agencies to build a complete
regional picture of the Three Valleys service area.

This dataset serves as the backbone for the RUWMP ,
ensuring regional infrastructure and supply reliability projects are based on accurate local realities.

Regional Water Use =
RUWMP Participants
+ Other TVMWD Agencies
10 | www.threevalleys.com
Existing | Regional Water Use Baseline (2021-2025)
Agency Type Water Use Data Source
RUWMP Participants (7) Provided by agencies
Other TVMWD Agencies (6)
Estimated from publicly available
documentation and data provided to
TVMWD for other planning efforts
11 | www.threevalleys.com
Existing | Regional Groundwater Portfolio
Legend
Main San
Gabriel Basin
Puente Basin
Chino Basin
Six Basins
Spadra Basin
Three Valleys
Existing | Regional Groundwater Portfolio (2021-2025)
Acre-Feet
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000
Main Basin
Chino Basin
Six Basins
12 | www.threevalleys.com

13 | www.threevalleys.com
Existing | RUWMP Agency Water-Use Baselines (2021-2025) 14 | www.threevalleys.com
Existing | Regional Water-Use Baselines (2021-2025)
15 | www.threevalleys.com
Projected | Demand Projections Methodology
• Multi-Scenario Analysis: Developed and
presented up to five distinct demand projection
methodologies to each participating agency,
ranging from "Status Quo" trends to aggressive
"CWOL Compliance" scenarios.
• Agency Collaboration: Participating agencies
worked one-on-one with GEI and WSC to review
these scenarios and identify the specific
methodology most representative of their local
service area.
• Regional Integration: The finalized regional
demand reflects a "bottom-up" aggregation of
these agency-verified selections, ensuring the plan
is grounded in local operational reality.

16 | www.threevalleys.com
Projected | Supply Projections Methodology
Methodology Option 1
“Real Water” Approach
Baseline local agency supplies = 2021-2025 Average

1. Apply climate change factors from TVMWD
Climate Vulnerability Analysis to baseline local
agency supplies through 2050

1. 2. Compare agency local supply projections to
2025 UWMP demand projections through 2050.

3. Any projected unmet demand is assumed to be
met by imported water supply

1. 1 Also considers any operating restrictions (e.g., OSY), anticipated availability of supply, legal rights, etc.

17 | www.threevalleys.com
Projected | Supply Projections Methodology
1 Also considers any operating restrictions (e.g., OSY), anticipated availability of supply, legal rights, etc.

Methodology Option 2
“Paper Water” Approach
Baseline local agency supplies = 2021-2025 Average

1. Apply climate change factors from TVMWD
Climate Vulnerability Analysis to baseline local
agency supplies through 2050

1. 2. Projected imported water supply is determined
with the agency based on historical supply,
anticipated availability, legal rights, etc., through
2050.

18 | www.threevalleys.com
City of Glendora City of La Verne City of Pomona Rowland Water District GSWC – Claremont GSWC – San Dimas Walnut Valley Water District Projected | RUWMP Agency Water-Use Portfolios* (2050)
* Excludes recycled water

19 | www.threevalleys.com
Supply (AF) 2021-2025
Average
2050
Projected
Surface Water 1,481 1,576 (+6%)
Imported Water 46,137 39,574 (-14%)
Groundwater 31,319 31,055 (-1%)
TOTAL 78,931 71,557 (-8%)
Projected | RUWMP Agencies Water-Use Portfolios* (2050) * Excludes recycled water

20 | www.threevalleys.com
Projected | Regional Agencies Water-Use Portfolio* (2050) Supply (AF) 2021-2025
Average
2050
Projected
Other TVMWD Agencies1 62,759 68,070 (+8%)
Surface Water 1,481 1,576 (+6%)
Imported Water 46,137 39,754 (-14%)
Groundwater 31,319 31,055 (-1%)
TOTAL 141,695 140,455 (-1%)
1 Estimated
* Excludes recycled water

21 | www.threevalleys.com
Projected | Regional Water-Use Portfolio* (2030-2050)
Regional (All) AgenciesRUWMP-Participating Agencies
* Excludes recycled water
Drought Risk Assessment
22 | www.threevalleys.com
23 | www.threevalleys.com
Drought Risk Assessment (DRA)
What is the Drought Risk Assessment?
The DRA is a stress test required by DWR as part of the UWMP to verify supply reliability under specific hydrologic conditions.

What are the specific hydrologic conditions?

1. Normal Year: Average climate and supply.

2. Single Dry Year: Constrained supply, increased demand.

3. Five-Consecutive-Year Drought: Prolonged period of constrained supply, increased demand.

Why does DWR require a Drought Risk Assessment?
The DRA is intended to test near-term reliability, specifically:
• The functionality of the Supplier’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP). • Identify potential shortages.
• Justify short-term demand reduction or supply augmentation measures. 24 | www.threevalleys.com
Drought Risk Assessment | Regional Resiliency
The Three Valleys Regional Supply Reliability is
secured by two pillars:
• MWD’s high reliability imported supply
• MWD’s storage reservoirs are currently at
a near record-high.
• Modeling shows that even with cutbacks
on SWP and Colorado River supplies,
MWD has sufficient storage to meet
wholesale demands without shortage
allocations over the next 5 years.
• Management of local groundwater basins
• Major regional basins – Main San Gabriel,
Chino, and Six Basins – are adjudicated
and managed such that continued
pumping is possible during drought.

The Three Valleys Region manages Demand via
multiple means:
• Baseline demand assumptions
• Projections include “Passive Conservation” as
well as “Active Conservation”.
• The WSCP “Safety Net”
• Agencies can implement shortage levels (Level
1, 2, etc.) to reduce demand by 10-50%+.
• Regional collaboration
• TVMWD coordinates closely with MWD and
retail agencies to monitor key metrics (e.g.,
SWP allocations, reservoir levels) to determine
if WSCP or further actions are necessary.

Drought Risk Assessment | Regional Reliability
Scenario Supply Assumption Demand
Assumption
Regional
Outcome
Normal
Year
Average imported &
local yield
Normal water
use
Sufficient
regional
supply
Single Dry
Year
Reduced imported
allocation Increased
5-Year
Drought
Constrained imported
& local yield Increased
Analysis performed for the Drought Risk
Assessment shows that even with reduced
imported and local supplies and increased
weather-driven demands, the region
maintains sufficient supply to meet
demand during single and multi-year
drought conditions
Integrating Local Realities (Part 2) and Regional Reliability (Part 1) 26 | www.threevalleys.com
27 | www.threevalleys.com
Legalese | “Lay Description” of RUWMP Part 1 vs. Part 2 The regional analyses described in Part 1 were conducted using a consistent analytical framework, assumptions, and methodologies that directly apply to this Participating Agency. [Agency Name] relies on Part 1 of the RUWMP for the lay description, regional supply availability, and the underlying technical methodology used to evaluate water supply reliability under normal, single dry-year, multiple dry- year, and five-year drought stress-test conditions.

Building upon that regional foundation, the specific supply and demand comparisons for [Agency Name] are provided in the tables within this chapter. Unless otherwise noted, the conclusions of the regional water supply reliability assessment and DRA are directly applicable to this supplier and satisfy the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook. 28 | www.threevalleys.com
RUWMP Integration | Part 2 & Part 1 Symbiosis
Part 1
Regional Context
Part 2
Agency-Specific
• Local Demands
• Local Supplies
• Regional Supply/Demand Details
• MWD Supplies Reliability
29 | www.threevalleys.com
Part 2 → Part 1 | The Bottom-Up Aggregation
Part 1
Regional Context
Part 2
Agency-Specific

30 | www.threevalleys.com
Part 1 → Part 2 | The Top-Down Verification
Part 1
Regional Context
Part 2
Agency-Specific

Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) 2025
31 | www.threevalleys.com
32 | www.threevalleys.com
2025 WSCP
Document Collection:
• Gathered 2020 UWMP
WSCP Chapters
• Reviewed agency WSCPs
Key Updates to WSCPs:
 Updated references 2020
UWMP  2025 UWMP
 Updated tables and data
2025 WSCPs Structure:
 Chapter 7: Discusses the
WSCP + summarizes any
agency insights/updates
 Appendix: Full 2025 WSCP

Q&A
33 | www.threevalleys.com
Schedule and Next Steps
34 | www.threevalleys.com
Schedule
April 2 - 14 2026:

Draft for Agency Review
April 27, 2026:

Public Draft
March 2026:

Finalize 2025
WSCPs
Final
Compiled
RUWMP
Data Analysis
& Document
Review
Supply &
Demand
Projections
Agency
WSCPs
Regional
Context
Agency
UWMP
Chapters
Supporting
Documentation
WS 1
Jan
2026
WS 2
April
2026
Final
Adoption
May 2026
Public Adoption and Public Notice Process
Notice of Plan
Preparation issued at
least 60 days prior to
the public hearing
Notice of Public
Hearing published in a
local newspaper once
per week for two
consecutive weeks
Public hearing and
adoption may be
combined but must be
separate agenda items
Final UWMP/WSCP
submittal to DWR by
July 1, 2026

Public Adoption and Public Notice Process Schedule
Agency
Confirmed Public
Hearing and Adoption
Meeting1
Date Notice of Plan
Preparation Needed
(60-Day)2
Date Public Drafts
Needed for Website
Posting
Newspaper Used for
Public Hearing
Notice3
Newspaper
Publication Days
Two-Week Ad
Window3
Date Final Package
Needed for Public
Hearing and
Adoption4
Three Valleys Municipal Water
District May 20, 2026 March 21, 2026
April 27, 2026
San Gabriel Valley
Tribune X Yes May 12, 2026
City of Glendora May 26, 2026 March 27, 2026 San Gabriel Valley Examiner X Yes May 5, 2026
City of La Verne May 18, 2026 March 19, 2026 Inland Valley Daily Bulletin X Yes May 11, 2026
City of Pomona May 18, 2026 March 19, 2026 Inland Valley Daily Bulletin X Yes April 28, 2026
Golden State Water Company –
Claremont May 26, 2026 March 27, 2026 X X Yes May 19, 2026 Golden State Water Company –
San Dimas May 26, 2026 March 27, 2026 X X Yes May 19, 2026 Rowland Water District May 19, 2026 March 20, 2026 San Gabriel Valley Tribune 4/28 & 5/5 Yes May 8, 2026
Walnut Valley Water District May 18, 2026 March 19, 2026 San Gabriel Valley Examiner X Yes May 11, 2026
Notes:

1. The public hearing and adoption may occur at the same meeting but must be separate agenda items.

2. Notice of Plan Preparation must be issued at least 60 days prior to the public hearing. The notices to the cities and counties should include the anticipated location where the 2025 UWMP can be viewed, the UWMP revision schedule, and contact information of the UWMP preparer.

3. Notice of Public Hearing must be published in a local newspaper once per week for two consecutive weeks.

4. Final UWMP (including WSCP) must be submitted to DWR by July 1, 2026. The WSCP must be treated as a stand-alone plan for noticing, public hearing, and adoption, even though it must be submitted as part of the UWMP .

Next Steps
 Participating Agency review of Regional UWMP and individual agency UWMP chapters (April 14)
 Hold Public Hearing & Adoption
 Submit Final RUWMP to DWR
Did we meet the Objectives for today?
I. Update on Draft RUWMP
II. Plan ahead to complete the RUWMP on time
III. Answer your questions
39 | www.threevalleys.com

ADJOURNMENT
Contact Info:
[email protected] or
[email protected]
Regional Workshop 2 - Draft UWMP Review
Agency In-Person Attendees Email
City of Glendora Damian Martinez [email protected] City of Glendora Russell Ackerman [email protected] City of La Verne Raymond Apodaca [email protected] City of Pomona Maxus Wong [email protected]
Walnut Valley Water District Donna DiLaura [email protected] Walnut Valley Water District James Ning [email protected] Walnut Valley Water District Jared Macias [email protected] Three Valleys MWD Brian Pen [email protected]
Three Valleys MWD Sylvie Lee [email protected]
Three Valleys MWD Kevin Panzer [email protected]
Three Valleys MWD Antonio Carbajal [email protected]
City of Glendora Armando De Jesus [email protected] City of Industry Joshua Nelson jnelson@cityofindustry.org City of La Verne Mike Maestas [email protected]
City of Upland Michelle Madriz [email protected]
GEI Consultants Kwabena Asante [email protected] GEI Consultants Matthew Bachman [email protected] GEI Consultants Sevim Onsoy [email protected]
GEI Consultants Roger Putty [email protected]
Golden State Water Company Ben Lewis [email protected] Golden State Water Company Mark Insco [email protected] Metropolitan Water District David Sumi [email protected] Metropolitan Water District/Six
Basins Mike N Ti [email protected]
Rowland Water District Allen Davidson [email protected] Rowland Water District Elisabeth Mendez [email protected] Three Valleys MWD Kirk Howie [email protected]
Upper Water Katherine Vazquez [email protected]
Walnut Valley Water District Tom Coleman [email protected] Walnut Valley Water District Tom Monk [email protected]

Submittal Table 2-1 Retail: Public Water Systems

Public Water System
Number
Public Water System
Name
Number of Municipal
Connections 2025
Volume of Water
Supplied 2025 (AF)
CA1910126 City of Pomona 31,056 18,298
Total 31,056 18,298
Submittal Table 2-2: Plan Identification
Type of Plan Name of Regional Alliance or RUWMP
Individual UWMP Three Valleys Regional Urban Water
Management Plan

Submittal Table 2-3: Supplier Identification
Type of Supplier Year Type
Month and date
that the year begins
(mm/dd)
Units of measure
used in UWMP
Supplier is a retail supplier Calendar Year 01/01 AF

Submittal Table 2-4 Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange The retail Supplier has informed the following wholesale supplier(s) of projected water use.

Wholesale Water Supplier Name
Three Valleys Municipal Water District

Submittal Table 3-1 Retail: Population - Current and Projected Category 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050(opt)
Population Served 155,836 158,803 161,770 163,270 164,770 166,270

Submittal Table 4-1 Retail: Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water — Actual Use Type
Additional
Description
(as needed)
2025 Actual Water
Use
Potable or Non-
Potable
2025 Actual Water
Use
Volume (AF)
Single Family Potable 8,160
Multi-Family Potable 3,557
Commercial Potable 3,223
Institutional Potable 1,187
Landscape Potable 1,392
Distribution System Water
Loss Potable 779
Subtotal Potable 18,298
Subtotal Non-Potable 0
Total 18,298
Submittal Table 4-2 Retail: Total Uses for Potable, and Non-Potable Water — Projected Use Type Additional
Description
Projected Water
Use
Potable or Non-
Potable
(Optional)
Projected
Water Use
2030 (AF)
Projected
Water Use
2035 (AF)
Projected
Water Use
2040 (AF)
Projected
Water Use
2045 (AF)
Projected
Water Use
2050 opt (AF)
Single Family Potable 8,178 8,164 8,075 7,986 7,897
Multi-Family Potable 3,529 3,523 3,484 3,446 3,408
Commercial Potable 3,062 3,057 3,024 2,991 2,957
Institutional Potable 1,100 1,098 1,086 1,074 1,063
Landscape Potable 1,248 1,245 1,232 1,218 1,205
Distribution
System Water
Losses
Potable 1,157 1,155 1,143 1,130 1,117
Subtotal Potable 18,273 18,242 18,043 17,845 17,647
Subtotal Non-
Potable 0 0 0 0 0
Total 18,273 18,242 18,043 17,845 17,647
Submittal Table 4-3 Retail: Inclusion in Water Use Projections Projection Item Included in
Projections?
Are Future Water Savings Included in Projections? Yes
Are Lower Income Residential Demands Included In Projections? Yes

Submittal Table 4-5 Retail: Water Loss Audit Reporting
Public Water System ID # Reporting Period Submitted to DWR Water Loss Audit Program
CA1910126 2020 Yes
CA1910126 2021 Yes
CA1910126 2022 Yes
CA1910126 2023 Yes
CA1910126 2024 Yes
CA1910126 2025 Yes
Notes: The “Volume of Water Loss” quantities for CY 2020 through CY 2024 were obtained from the annual AWWA Water Loss Audits (and based on the combination of apparent losses and real losses). The AWWA Water Loss Audits were reported on a calendar year basis.

Submittal Table 4-6 Retail: Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard Public Water
System ID #
Reported in
Submittal Table
2-1 R
Did the Water
Board Calculate
a Water Loss
Standard for this
Public Water
System?
Real Water Loss
State Water
Board Standard
2028 Real Water
Loss Standard
per Unit per day
Real Water Loss
State Water
Board Standard
Units for Real
Water Loss
Real Water Loss
Most Recent
AWWA Water
Loss Audit
Number of Units
(Connections or
Miles
corresponding
with units
selected)
Real Water Loss
Most Recent
AWWA Water
Loss Audit
Volume of Total
Real Loss (AF)
(from AWWA
Water Loss
Audit)
Real Water Loss
Per Unit per Day
Apparent Water
Loss
State Water
Board Standard
2028 Apparent
Water Loss
Standard per
Unit per Day
Apparent Water
Loss
State Water
Board Standard
Units for
Apparent Water
Loss
Apparent Water
Loss
Most Recent
AWWA Water
Loss Audit
Number of
Connections
Apparent Water
Loss
Most Recent
AWWA Water
Loss Audit
Volume of Total
Apparent Loss
(AF)
(from AWWA
Water Loss
Audit)
Apparent Water
Loss Per Unit per
Day
CA1910126 Yes 21.7
Gallons per
Service
Connection per
Day (GPSCD)
30,796 493 14.3 13.1
Gallons per
Service
Connection per
Day (GPSCD)
30,769 923 26.8
Water Board's Calculated Water Loss Standards
Submittal Table 5-1 Retail: SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress Was Supplier
part of a
merger or
consolidation
since 2020?
Regional
Alliance
Target or
Individual
Target?
2020 Target Actual
2020 GPCD
Did
Supplier
Achieve
Targeted
Reduction
for 2020?
Actual
2025 GPCD
(From SB
X7-7
Compliance
Form) *
Did Supplier
meet the
2020 Target
in 2025? *
n/a n/a 147 113 Yes 105 Yes
Notes: n/a=Not Applicable
* Only for suppliers that did not meet the Target in 2020

Submittal Table 6-1 Retail: Groundwater Volume Pumped
Groundwater
Type
Potable or
Non-
Potable
(OPTIONAL)
Location
or Basin
Name
2021 (AF) 2022 (AF) 2023 (AF) 2024 (AF) 2025 (AF)
Alluvial Basin Potable Chino
Basin
9,182 10,159 10,189 10,449 9,796
Alluvial Basin Potable Six Basins 3,447 3,120 2,075 3,066 3,792 Total 12,629 13,279 12,264 13,515 13,588
Submittal Table 6-2 Retail: Wastewater Collected Within Service Area Wastewater
Collection
Name of
Wastewater
Collection Agency
Wastewater Collection
Wastewater Volume
Metered or Estimated?
Optional
Wastewater Collection
Volume of Wastewater
Collected from UWMP
Service Area 2025 (AF)
Recipient of Collected
Wastewater
Name of Wastewater
Treatment Plant (WWTP) and
Place ID Number
Recipient of Collected
Wastewater
Is WWTP Located
Within UWMP Area?
Sanitation Districts of
Los Angeles County Metered 7,672 Pomona Water Reclamation Plant, Place ID 250700 No

Total Wastewater
Received from UWMP
Service Area in 2025:
7,672

Submittal Table 6-3 Retail: Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area Wastewater
Treatment
Plant Name
and Place ID
Number
Does This
Plant Treat
Wastewater
Generated
Outside the
UWMP
Service
Area?
(Optional)
2025 Volume
of
Wastewater
Received
from UWMP
Service Area
(AF)
Total 2025
Volume of
Water
Treated (AF)
2025
Outcomes of
Treated
Wastewater
Water
Recycled
Within
UWMP
Service Area
Treatment
Level
2025
Outcomes of
Treated
Wastewater
Water
Recycled
Within
UWMP
Service Area
Volume (AF)
2025
Outcomes of
Treated
Wastewater
Water
Recycled
Outside of
UWMP
Service Area
Treatment
Level
2025
Outcomes of
Treated
Wastewater
Water
Recycled
Outside of
UWMP
Service Area
Volume (AF)
2025
Outcomes of
Treated
Wastewater
Effluent
Discharge
that is not a
Permitted
Recycled
Water Use
Treatment
Level
2025
Outcomes of
Treated
Wastewater
Effluent
Discharge
that is not a
Permitted
Recycled
Water Use
Volume (AF)
2025
Outcomes of
Treated
Wastewater
Required
Discharge for
Instream
Flow
Treatment
Level
2025
Outcomes of
Treated
Wastewater
Required
Discharge for
Instream
Flow
Volume (AF)
2025
Outcomes of
Treated
Wastewater
Delivered to
Another
Entity for
Additional
Treatment
Treatment
Level
2025
Outcomes of
Treated
Wastewater
Delivered to
Another
Entity for
Additional
Treatment
Volume (AF)
2025
Outcomes of
Treated
Wastewater
Delivered to
Another
Entity for
Additional
Treatment
Name of
other entity
Pomona
Water
Reclamation
Plant, Place
ID 250700
Yes 7,672 4,987 Tertiary 1,423 3,564
Total 7,672 4,987 1,423 3,564 0 0 0
Submittal Table 6-4 Retail: Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area Use Type
Potable or
Non-Potable
(after
treatment if
treated)
(Optional)
Additional
Information
2025
(AF)
2030
(AF)
2035
(AF)
2040
(AF)
2045
(AF)
2050
(AF)
Potential
Recycled
Water
Use
Volume
Potential
Recycled Water
Use
Narrative page
number
(Optional)
Landscape
irrigation
(exc golf
courses)
Non-Potable
Agricultural
and landscape
irrigation,
ornamental
plant
irrigation,
impoundment,
and athletic
field irrigation
1,423 1,874 1,874 1,874 1,874 1,874
Subtotal
Potable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Subtotal Non-
Potable 1,423 1,874 1,874 1,874 1,874 1,874 0
Total 1,423 1,874 1,874 1,874 1,874 1,874 0 0
Submittal Table 6-5 Retail: 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual Use Type 2020 Projection for 2025 (AF) 2025 Actual Use (AF) Landscape irrigation (exc golf courses) 2,350 1,423

Total 2,350 1,423
Notes:

Submittal Table 6-6 Retail: Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use Name of
Action Description Planned
Implementation Year
Expected Increase
in Recycled Water
Use (AF)
Recycled
Water Master
Plan
Potential recycled water demands
identified in City of Pomona's 2009
Water Master Plan
Future
Draft Water,
Sewer and
Recycled
Water
Strategic Plan
Implement recommendations from
Water, Sewer and Recycled Water
Strategic Plan
Future

Total (AF) 0
Unit Conversion to AF 0
Notes: A narrative explanation is provided in Section 4.5.1 of the UWMP.

Submittal Table 6-7 Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs Name of
Future Projects
or Programs
Joint Project
with other
suppliers?
If Yes, Supplier
Name
Additional
Description
Potable or
Non-Potable
(after treatment
if treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Planned
Implementation
Year
Planned for
Use in Year
Type
Expected
Increase in
Water Supply
to Supplier
(AF)
Pomona
Combined
Project
No
Implement
groundwater
quality
improvement
measures,
including Anion
Exchange Plant
and
enhancements
to Reservoir 5
Ongoing Average Year 5,300
Notes: There are future water supply projects or programs not compatible with this table; therefore, are described in narrative form in Section

4.7 of the UWMP.

Submittal Table 6-8 Retail: Water Supplies — Actual
Water Supply Additional Description
2025 Potable or
Non-Potable
(after treatment
if treated)
(Optional)
2025 Actual
Volume
(AF)
2025 Total
Entitlement
(AF)
(Optional)
Groundwater (not
desalinated) Chino Basin 9,796 Potable
Groundwater (not
desalinated) Six Basins 3,792 Potable
Surface Water San Antonio Creek 1,683 Potable
Recycled Water Pomona Water
Reclamation Plant 1,849 Non-Potable
Purchased or Imported
Water
Metropolitan Water
District – TVMWD 3,027 Potable
Subtotal Potable 18,298 0
Subtotal Non-
Potable 1,849 0
Total 20,147 0
Submittal Table 6-9 Retail: Water Supplies — Projected
Water Supply Additional Detail on
Water Supply
Potable or Non-
Potable (after
treatment if
treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Projected
Water Supply
2030
Reasonably
Available
Volume (AF)
Projected
Water Supply
2030
Total
Entitlement
(AF)
(Optional)
Projected
Water Supply
2035
Reasonably
Available
Volume (AF)
Projected
Water Supply
2035
Total
Entitlement
(AF)
(Optional)
Projected
Water Supply
2040
Reasonably
Available
Volume (AF)
Projected
Water Supply
2040
Total
Entitlement
(AF)
(Optional)
Projected
Water Supply
2045
Reasonably
Available
Volume (AF)
Projected
Water Supply
2045
Total
Entitlement
(AF)
(Optional)
Projected
Water Supply
2050
Reasonably
Available
Volume (AF)
Projected
Water Supply
2050
Total
Entitlement
(AF)
(Optional)
Groundwater
(not
desalinated)
Chino Basin Potable 10,050 9,970 9,800 9,555 9,239 Groundwater
(not
desalinated)
Six Basins Potable 3,216 3,190 3,136 3,057 2,956
Surface Water San Antonio Creek Potable 1,691 1,674 1,649 1,616 1,576 Recycled Water Pomona Water
Reclamation Plant Non-Potable 1,874 1,874 1,874 1,874 1,874 Purchased or
Imported
Water
Metropolitan Water
District – Three Valleys
Municipal Water
District
Potable 3,315 3,408 3,458 3,617 3,876
Subtotal Potable 18,273 0 18,242 0 18,043 0 17,845 0 17,647 0 Subtotal Non-
Potable 1,874 1,874 1,874 1,874 1,874 0
Total 20,147 0 20,116 0 19,917 0 19,719 0 19,521 0

Optional Submittal Table 7-1 Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) Year Type Base Year Volume Available
(AF)
Percent of Average
Supply
Average Year 2021-2025 20,327 100%
Single-Dry Year 2021 22,029 108%
Consecutive Dry Years 1st Year 2018 21,276 105%
Consecutive Dry Years 2nd Year 2019 19,782 97%
Consecutive Dry Years 3rd Year 2020 21,174 104%
Consecutive Dry Years 4th Year 2021 22,029 108%
Consecutive Dry Years 5th Year 2022 20,981 103%

Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison Total Type 2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) 2050 (AF) Supply totals 20,147 20,116 19,917 19,719 19,521
Use totals 20,147 20,116 19,917 19,719 19,521
Difference 0 0 0 0 0
Notes: The supply and demand totals presented in this table reflect an aggregation of both the potable and non-potable water systems. Therefore, the total demand shown here exceeds the potable-only demand projected in UWMP Table 2-6 (DWR Submittal Table 4-2R). The total demand in this reliability assessment includes those potable demands plus the projected non-potable (recycled water) demands, which are scaled to be met 1-to-1 by the recycled water supplies detailed in UWMP Table 4-5 (DWR Submittal Table 6-9R).

Submittal Table 7-3 Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison Total Type 2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) 2050 (AF) Supply totals 21,834 21,801 21,585 21,370 21,156
Use totals 21,834 21,801 21,585 21,370 21,156
Difference 0 0 0 0 0
Notes: The supply and demand totals presented in this table reflect an aggregation of both the potable and non-potable water systems. Therefore, the total demand shown here exceeds the potable-only demand projected in UWMP Table 2-6 (DWR Submittal Table 4-2R). The total demand in this reliability assessment includes those potable demands plus the projected non-potable (recycled water) demands, which are scaled to be met 1-to-1 by the recycled water supplies detailed in UWMP Table 4-5 (DWR Submittal Table 6-9R).

Submittal Table 7-4 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison Year Total Type /
Difference 2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) 2050 (AF) Supply totals 21,087 21,055 20,847 20,640 20,432
First year Use totals 21,087 21,055 20,847 20,640 20,432 Difference 0 0 0 0 0
Supply totals 19,607 19,577 19,383 19,190 18,998
Second year Use totals 19,607 19,577 19,383 19,190 18,998 Difference 0 0 0 0 0
Supply totals 20,986 20,954 20,747 20,541 20,334
Third year Use totals 20,986 20,954 20,747 20,541 20,334 Difference 0 0 0 0 0
Supply totals 21,834 21,801 21,585 21,370 21,156
Fourth year Use totals 21,834 21,801 21,585 21,370 21,156 Difference 0 0 0 0 0
Supply totals 20,795 20,763 20,558 20,353 20,149
Fifth year Use totals 20,795 20,763 20,558 20,353 20,149 Difference 0 0 0 0 0
Notes: The supply and demand totals presented in this table reflect an aggregation of both the potable and non-potable water systems. Therefore, the total demand shown here exceeds the potable-only demand projected in UWMP Table 2-6 (DWR Submittal Table 4-2R). The total demand in this reliability assessment includes those potable demands plus the projected non-potable (recycled water) demands, which are scaled to be met 1-to-1 by the recycled water supplies detailed in UWMP Table 4-5 (DWR Submittal Table 6-9R).

Submittal Table 7-5 Retail: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Totals 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Total Water Use (AF) 21,087 19,607 20,986 21,834 20,795 Total Supplies (AF) 21,087 19,607 20,986 21,834 20,795
Difference w/o WSCP Action (AF) 0 0 0 0 0

Submittal Table 8-1: Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels Standard Shortage
Levels
Percent Shortage
Range
Suppliers Shortage
Levels
Percent Shortage
Range
1 Up to 10%
2 Up to 20%
3 Up to 30%
4 Up to 40%
5 Up to 50%
6 >50%
Notes: The Supplier uses the standard six levels of water shortage; therefore, supplier‑specific shortage levels and percentage ranges are not separately identified in this table.

Submittal Table 8-2 Retail: Supply Augmentation and Other Actions Shortage
Level
Supply Augmentation
Methods and Other
Actions by Water
Supplier
How much is this
going to reduce the
shortage gap?
(Percentage)
How much is this
going to reduce the
shortage gap?
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value (AF)
Additional
Explanation or
Reference
(Optional)
1 Transfers Not applicable (see
notes)
2 Transfers Not applicable (see
notes)
3 Transfers Not applicable (see
notes)
4 Transfers Not applicable (see
notes)
5 Transfers Not applicable (see
notes)
6 Transfers Not applicable (see
notes)
Notes: The City will consider increased production from Six Basins and the Chino Basin using existing facilities to address increased demands. As noted in Table 2 of the WSCP (Part 4 Appendix D7), the City plans to implement demand reduction measures in the event water supplies from existing sources are not sufficient to meet anticipated demands.

Submittal Table 8-3 Retail: Demand Reduction Actions
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is
this going to
reduce the
shortage gap?
Volume or
Percentage
How much is this
going to reduce the
shortage gap?
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value (AF)
Additional Explanation or Reference
(Optional)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement?
1 Landscape - Restrict or
prohibit runoff from
landscape irrigation
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 1 actions is up
to 1,814 AFY
No excessive runoff. Yes
1 Landscape - Prohibit
certain types of
landscape irrigation
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 1 actions is up
to 1,814 AFY
No watering/irrigating for more
than 15 min/day/station. Yes
1 CII - Lodging
establishment must
offer opt out of linen
service
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 1 actions is up
to 1,814 AFY
Yes
1 CII - Commercial
kitchens required to
use pre-rinse spray
valves
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 1 actions is up
to 1,814 AFY
Yes
1 Water Features -
Restrict water use for
decorative water
features, such as
fountains
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 1 actions is up
to 1,814 AFY
Water features must operate with
recirculated water. Yes
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is
this going to
reduce the
shortage gap?
Volume or
Percentage
How much is this
going to reduce the
shortage gap?
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value (AF)
Additional Explanation or Reference
(Optional)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement?
1 Other - Prohibit use of
potable water for
washing hard surfaces
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 1 actions is up
to 1,814 AFY
Exceptions for hand-held bucket or
similar container or a hand- held
hose equipped with a positive self -
closing water shut-off nozzle or
device
Yes
1 Other - Prohibit vehicle
washing except at
facilities using recycled
or recirculating water
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 1 actions is up
to 1,814 AFY
Exceptions for hand-held bucket or
similar container or a hand- held
hose equipped with a positive self-
closing water shut-off nozzle or
device
Yes
1 Other - Customers must
repair leaks, breaks,
and malfunctions in a
timely manner
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 1 actions is up
to 1,814 AFY
Must be repaired within 72 hours
of notification. Yes
1 Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation to
specific days
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 1 actions is up
to 1,814 AFY
Maximum 3 days a week. Yes
1 Increase Frequency of
Meter Reading
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 1 actions is up
to 1,814 AFY
Per evaluation of annual water loss
audits. No
1 Implement or Modify
Drought Rate Structure
or Surcharge
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 1 actions is up
to 1,814 AFY
At the sole discretion of City
Council. Yes
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is
this going to
reduce the
shortage gap?
Volume or
Percentage
How much is this
going to reduce the
shortage gap?
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value (AF)
Additional Explanation or Reference
(Optional)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement?
2 Other
Volume Collective reduction
from Shortage Level 1
plus all Shortage
Level 2 actions is up
to 3,627 AFY
All actions under Shortage Level 1 Yes
2 Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation to
specific days
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 2 actions is up
to 3,627 AFY
Maximum 2 days a week. Yes
2 Other water feature or
swimming pool
restriction
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 2 actions is up
to 3,627 AFY
Filling ornamental, lakes, ponds,
pools, or spas is prohibited. Yes
2 Other - Customers must
repair leaks, breaks,
and malfunctions in a
timely manner
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 2 actions is up
to 3,627 AFY
Must be repaired within 48 hours
of notification. Yes
3 Other
Volume Collective reduction
from Shortage Level 2
plus all Shortage
Level 3 actions is up
to 5,441 AFY
All actions under Shortage Level 2 Yes
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is
this going to
reduce the
shortage gap?
Volume or
Percentage
How much is this
going to reduce the
shortage gap?
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value (AF)
Additional Explanation or Reference
(Optional)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement?
4 Other
Volume Collective reduction
from Shortage Level 3
plus all Shortage
Level 4 actions is up
to 7,254 AFY
All actions under Shortage Level 3 Yes
4 Moratorium or Net
Zero Demand Increase
on New Connections
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 4 actions is up
to 7,254 AFY
The City may decide not to provide
new service or discontinue water
service.

Yes
4 Landscape - Prohibit all
landscape irrigation
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 4 actions is up
to 7,254 AFY
Yes
4 Other - Customers must
repair leaks, breaks,
and malfunctions in a
timely manner
Volume Collective reduction
from all Shortage
Level 4 actions is up
to 7,254 AFY
Must be repaired within 24 hours
of notification. Yes
5 Other
Volume Collective reduction
from Shortage Level 4
plus all Shortage
Level 5 actions is up
to 9,068 AFY
All actions under Shortage Level 4 Yes
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is
this going to
reduce the
shortage gap?
Volume or
Percentage
How much is this
going to reduce the
shortage gap?
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value (AF)
Additional Explanation or Reference
(Optional)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement?
6 Other
Volume Collective reduction
from Shortage Level 5
plus all Shortage
Level 6 actions is
greater than 9,068
AFY
All actions under Shortage Level 5 Yes

Submittal Table 10-1 Retail: Notification to Cities and Counties City or County Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public Hearing Claremont Yes Yes
Pomona Yes Yes
Upland Yes Yes
Los Angeles County Yes Yes

2025 WATER SHORTAGE

CONTINGENCY PLAN

CITY OF POMONA
2025 Water Shortage Contingency
Plan
City of Pomona Page 1

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Acronym Description
AF Acre‑Foot
AFY Acre‑Feet per Year
CII Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional
City City of Pomona
CWC California Water Code
DMM Demand Management Measure
DWR California Department of Water Resources
ERP Emergency Response Plan
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
FY Fiscal Year
IEUA Inland Empire Utilities Agency
LACSD Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts
MWD Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
RRA Risk and Resilience Assessment
SWP State Water Project
TVMWD Three Valleys Municipal Water District
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
UWMP Urban Water Management Plan
WSAP Water Supply Allocation Plan
WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan

2025 Water Shortage Contingency
Plan
City of Pomona Page 2

WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
The City of Pomona’s (City) Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) discusses and provides the following:
• The City’s WSCP is a detailed approach which presents how the City intends to act, or respond, in the case of an actual water shortage contingency. • Preparation of the City’s “Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment” (Annual Assessment) is discussed. Beginning July 1, 2022, the City has submitted the Annual Assessment every year through 2025. The Annual Assessment includes a review of the City’s “unconstrained” water demands for the current year and for a potential upcoming single dry year. Unconstrained water demands represent the City’s water demands prior to any “response actions” the City may invoke pursuant to the City’s WSCP.
• The City will manage water supplies to minimize the adverse impacts of water shortages. The City’s plan for water usage during periods of shortage is designed to incorporate six standard water shortage levels including up to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent shortages, and greater than a 50 percent shortage. • For each declared water supply shortage level, customers will be required to reduce their consumption by the percentage specified in the corresponding water supply shortage level.

WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN

LAY DESCRIPTION
City of Pomona Page 2
2025 Water Shortage Contingency
Plan

• For each declared water supply shortage level, the City has established response actions to reduce demand on water supplies and to reduce any shortage gaps in water supplies. These demand reduction actions include irrigation and other outdoor use restrictions, rate structure changes, and other water use prohibitions. • The operational changes the City will consider in addressing water shortages on a short-term basis are discussed and include improved monitoring, analysis, and tracking of customer water usage to enforce demand reduction measures. • The City’s Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is summarized. The ERP provides the management, procedures, and designated actions the City and its employees will implement during emergency situations (including catastrophic water shortages) resulting from natural disasters, system failures, and other unforeseen circumstances.
• The preparation of the City’s seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan is discussed. The locations of earthquake faults in the vicinity of the City’s water service area are provided.
• The effectiveness of the shortage response actions for each of the City’s standard water shortage levels is presented. The City has been able to provide sufficient water supplies to its customers, including during long-term droughts and years with historically high water demands.
• The communication protocols implemented by the City when it declares any water shortage level are presented.
• The compliance and enforcement procedures associated with City’s standard water shortage levels are presented.
• The legal authorities associated with City’s standard water shortage levels are presented.
• The financial consequences associated with City’s standard water shortage levels are presented.
• The City will evaluate the need for revising the WSCP in order to resolve any water shortage gaps, as necessary. The steps necessary for the City to adopt and amend its WSCP are presented.

City of Pomona Page 3
2025 Water Shortage Contingency
Plan

The following WSCP includes references to Chapters and Sections from the City’s 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP):

1 WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
_

CWC 10632.

(a)(1) The analysis of water supply reliability conducted pursuant to Section 10635.

The City’s sources of supply were discussed in Chapter 4 of the 2025 UWMP and consist of groundwater from Six Basins, groundwater from Chino Basin, groundwater from Spadra Basin, treated surface water from San Antonio Creek, treated imported water purchased from Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) through Three Valleys Municipal Water District (TVMWD), and recycled water purchased from the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (LACSD). The City provides recycled water for irrigation in lieu of potable water supplies. Both Six Basins and Chino Basin are adjudicated, and groundwater supplies are managed. The reliability of the various sources of su pply is discussed in Chapter 5 of the 2025 UWMP. Based on the adjudication provisions in the two groundwater basins, the City is able to produce groundwater without limitation, provided an applicable assessment is paid to the respective Watermaster service to purchase untreated imported water for groundwater replenishment. Imported water supplies (both treated and untreated) may be impacted in the event MWD implements its Water Supply Allocation Plan ( WSAP) due to a water supply shortage. Finally, recycled water is locally generated and is not impacted by drought conditions.

City of Pomona Page 4
2025 Water Shortage Contingency
Plan

2 ANNUAL WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES

CWC 10632.

(a)(2) The procedures used in conducting an annual water supply and demand assessment that include, at a minimum, both of the following:

(A) The written decision-making process that an urban water supplier will use each year to determine its water supply reliability.

(B) The key data inputs and assessment methodology used to evaluate the urban water supplier’s water supply reliability for the current year and one dry year, including all of the following:

(i) Current year unconstrained demand, considering weather, growth, and other influencing factors, such as policies to manage current supplies to meet demand objectives in future years, as applicable.

(ii) Current year available supply, considering hydrological and regulatory conditions in the current year and one dry year. The annual supply and demand assessment may consider more than one dry year solely at the discretion of the urban water supplier.

(iii) Existing infrastructure capabilities and plausible constraints.

(iv) A defined set of locally applicable evaluation criteria that are consistently relied upon for each annual water supply and demand assessment.

(v) A description and quantification of each source of water supply.

CWC 10632.1.

An urban water supplier shall conduct an annual water supply and demand assessment pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and, on or before July 1 of each year, submit an annual water shortage assessment report to the department with information for anticipated shortage, triggered shortage response actions, compliance and enforcement actions, and communication actions consistent with the supplier’s water shortage contingency plan. An urban water supplier that relies on imported water from the State Water Project or the Bureau of Reclamation shall submit its annual water supply and demand assessment within 14 days of receiving its final allocations, or by July 1 of each year, whichever is later.

Beginning July 1, 2022, the City has submitted an Annual Assessment in accordance with Department of Water Resources’ (DWR) guidance and requirements. The Annual Assessment include s a review of the City’s unconstrained water demands (i.e. water demands prior to any projected response actions the City may trigger under this WSCP) for the current year and the upcoming (potential single dry) year. The City also includes information regarding anticipated shortages, triggered shortage response actions, City of Pomona Page 5
2025 Water Shortage Contingency
Plan

compliance and enforcement actions, and communication actions consistent with the City’s WSCP.

For each Annual Assessment, the City prepare s a preliminary assessment which evaluates the adequacy of its water supplies for the current and upcoming years by April of each year. The preliminary assessment includes a review of water supplies for at least a single dry year.

The components of an Annual Assessment consist of the following:
• A written decision-making process
• Key data inputs and assessment methodology

2.1 DECISION MAKING PROCESS

The City produces groundwater from the Chino Basin, Spadra Basin, and Six Basins as its primary sources of water supply and these basins are managed on a fiscal year (FY) basis. Consequently, during the third quarter of each fiscal year, the City reviews its water demands from the initial six months along with the current groundwater basin conditions and local hydrology. This information is used to help develop the Annual Assessment.

The City c ompares total demand to total supply to identify potential shortages. If shortages are identified, the City will determine the necessary WSCP level and corresponding reduction. A draft of the Annual Assessment is circulated internally within the City for peer review and comment. Based on comments received, a redraft is prepared and provided to City managers during the Spring of each year. The draft is subsequently provided to the City Manager for final review. Subsequently, a final draft of the Annual Assessment is provided to the City Council for review and included in the agenda as part of a City Council meeting such that it can be approved, and any recommended specific shortage response actions may be enacted. The final Annual Assessment is provided to DWR no later than July 1 of each year.

The Annual Assessment is instrumental in providing guidance to the City for decisions regarding potential declarations of a water supply shortage and implementation of water reduction stages, instituting mandatory water restrictions, promoting water use efficiency City of Pomona Page 6
2025 Water Shortage Contingency
Plan

and conservation programs, water rates and drought rate surcharges, and the necessity of pursuing alternative water supplies. This process ensure s adequate water supply resources are available to the City.

2.2 DATA AND METHODOLOGIES

The key data inputs and methodologies that are evaluated by the City during the preparation of the preliminary assessment will include the following:

1) Evaluation Criteria: The locally applicable evaluation criteria used to prepare the Annual Assessment are identified. The evaluation criteria includes, but is not limited to, an analysis of current local hydrology (including rainfall and groundwater levels), current water demands, a review of water system improvement plans which may impact infrastructure availability, and water quality regulations which may impact groundwater availability.

2) Water Supply: A description of each available water supply source is provided. The descriptions includes a quantification of each available water supply source and are based on review of current production capacities, historical production, UWMPs, and prior water supply studies (including Water Supply Assessments and/or Master Plans).
3) Unconstrained Water Demand: The potential unconstrained water demands during the current year and the upcoming (potential single dry) year, prior to any special shortage response actions, are reviewed. The review include s factors such as weather, existing and projected land uses and populations, actual customer consumption and water use factors, monthly Urban Water Supplier Reports, existing water shortage levels (see Section 3), and existing water conservation ordinances (see Section 8.1.1 of the UWMP).

4) Planned Water Use for Current Year Considering Dry Subsequent Year: The water supplies available to meet the demands during the current year and the upcoming (potential single dry) year are considered and identified for each source of supply.

The evaluation include s factors such as estimated water demands, weather, City of Pomona Page 7
2025 Water Shortage Contingency
Plan

groundwater basin operating safe yields, water quality results, existing available pumping capacities, imported water allocations, contractual obligations, regulatory issues, use of emergency interconnections, and the costs associated with producing each water supply source.

5) Infrastructure Considerations : The capabilities of the water distribution system infrastructure to meet the water demands during the current year and the upcoming (potential single dry) year are considered. Available production capacities (e.g. groundwater well capacities) and distribution system water losses (see Section

2.1.2 of the UWMP ) are reviewed. In addition, capital improvement and replacement projects, as well as potential projects which may increase water system and production capacities (see Section 4.7 of the UWMP ), will be considered.

6) Other Factors : Additional local considerations, if any, which can affect the availability of water supplies are described.

3 SIX STANDARD WATER SHORTAGE LEVELS

CWC 10632.

(a)(3)(A) Six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive ranges of up to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent shortages and greater than 50 percent shortage. Urban water suppliers shall define these shortage levels based on the suppliers’ water supply conditions, including percentage reductions in water supply, changes in groundwa ter levels, changes in surface elevation or level of subsidence, or other changes in hydrological or other local conditions indicative of the water supply available for use.

Shortage levels shall also apply to catastrophic interruption of water supplies, i ncluding, but not limited to, a regional power outage, an earthquake, and other potential emergency events.
(a)(3)(B) An urban water supplier with an existing water shortage contingency plan that uses different water shortage levels may comply with the requirement in subparagraph (A) by developing and including a cross reference relating its existing categories to the six standard water shortage levels.

The City will manage water supplies to prudently minimize the adverse impacts of water shortages. The City’s plan for water usage during periods of shortage is designed to incorporate six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive ranges from up to a 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent shortages, and greater than a 50 percent shortage.

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For each declared water supply shortage level, customers will be required to reduce their consumption by the percentage specified in the corresponding water supply shortage level. The required percentage reduction for each customer will be based on water usage during the same billing period in the last calendar year during which there were no declared water shortages.

The City’s Ordinance No. 4122 (“Water Conservation and Water Supply Shortage Program and Regulations”), adopted in June 2009, previously established three (3) water shortage levels. A copy of Ordinance No. 4122 is provided in Appendix A. In accordance with the CWC in which urban water suppliers are required to define six standard water shortage levels, the City has developed the crosswalk illustrated below that translates the City’s previously established shortage levels to the mandated standard shortage levels.

The shortage level changes were made in 2020 and have remained the same for 2025.

Note: The 2020 shortage levels have remained the same for 2025.

Table 1 provides a description of the six standard water shortage levels which may be triggered by a shortage in one or more of the City’s water supply sources, depending on the severity of the shortage and its anticipated duration.

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Table 1. Water Shortage Contingency Planning Levels

Submittal Table 8-1 Water Shortage Contingency Plan Levels Shortage
Level
Percent
Shortage Range
Shortage Response Actions
(Narrative description)
1 Up to 10%
Watering or irrigating is limited to a maximum of 3 days per week during April through October and a maximum of 1 day per week during November through March. All leaks, breaks, or other malfunctions must be repaired within 72 hours.

In addition, actions include implementation of other prohibitions, restrictions, or operational changes on water use as determined by the City. These actions include, but are not limited to, an increase in the water rate structure and increased performance of customer water loss audits.
2 Up to 20%
In addition to Shortage Level 1, actions include increased limitation on watering or irrigating; all leaks, breaks, or other malfunctions must be repaired within 48 hours; Limits on filling ornamental lakes, washing vehicles, and filling residential swimming pools and spas.
3 Up to 30%
In addition to Shortage Level 2, actions include implementation of other prohibitions, restrictions, or operational changes on water use as determined by the City. These actions include, but are not limited to, an increase in the water rate structure and increased performance of customer water loss audits. 4 Up to 40%
In addition to Shortage Level 3, actions include restrictions on watering or irrigating and all leaks, breaks, or other malfunctions must be repaired within 24 hours. The City in its sole discretion may decide not to provide new potable water service or may discontinue service.
5 Up to 50%
In addition to Shortage Level 4, actions include implementation of other prohibitions, restrictions, or operational changes on water use as determined by the City. These actions include, but are not limited to, an increase in the water rate structure and increased performance of customer water loss audits. 6 >50%
In addition to Shortage Level 5, actions include implementation of other prohibitions, restrictions, or operational changes on water use as determined by the City. These actions include, but are not limited to, an increase in the water rate structure and increased performance of customer water loss audits.

Notes
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4 SHORTAGE RESPONSE ACTIONS

CWC 10632.

(a)(4) Shortage response actions that align with the defined shortage levels and include, at a minimum, all of the following:

(A) Locally appropriate supply augmentation actions.

(B) Locally appropriate demand reduction actions to adequately respond to shortages.

(C) Locally appropriate operational changes.

(D) Additional, mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices that are in addition to state-mandated prohibitions and appropriate to the local conditions.

(E) For each action, an estimate of the extent to which the gap between supplies and demand will be reduced by implementation of the action.

Shortage response actions are dependent on the severity of a declared shortage level.

Response actions implement varying improvements and regulations of system infrastructure and operations, water supply augmentation, demand reduction initiatives and other water use functions to conserve water supplies.

4.1 DEMAND REDUCTION

The City has established water shortage response actions to reduce demand on water supplies. These demand reduction actions include irrigation and other outdoor use restrictions, rate structure changes, and other water use prohibitions. Depending on the percent reduction in the City’s water supply and corresponding water shortage level, regulations have been made to conserve water and reduce the shortage gap in normal supply levels. Many demand reduction actions are applicable to all levels of water shortages while others are exclusive to certain levels of shortage. The structure of demand reduction actions under a specific water shortage level are designed to encourage those customers with high gallon per capita usage to achieve proportionally greater reduction than those with low use. Violations of these demand reduction actions may be considered waste and an unreasonable use of water. Table 2 describes each demand reduction action and its effect on reducing the shortage gap.

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The following demand reduction actions are applicable to all water shortage levels and are in effect at all times:
• Watering or irrigating of any lawn, landscape, or other vegetated area in a manner that causes or allows excessive water runoff onto an adjoining sidewalk, driveway, street, alley gutter, or ditch is prohibited.
• Watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape, or other vegetated area with potable water using a landscape irrigation system or a watering device, that is not continuously attended, is limited to no more than 15 minutes watering per day per station. This does not apply to landscape irrigation systems that exclusively use very low-flow drip type irrigation systems when no emitter produces more than two gallons of water per hour and weather-based controllers or stream rotor sprinklers that meet a 70 percent efficiency standard. Operating a water fountain or other decorative water feature that does not use recirculated water is prohibited. • Washing down hard or paved surfaces, including but not limited to sidewalks, walkways, driveways, parking areas, tennis courts, patios, or alleys, is prohibited except when necessary to alleviate safety or sanitary hazards, and then only by use of a hand-held bucket or similar container, a hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off device, or a low-volume, high-pressure cleaning machine equipped to recycle any water used, or a low-volume high-pressure water broom.
• Using water to wash or clean a vehicle, including but not limited to any automobile, truck, van, bus, motorcycle, boat, motor home, or trailer, whether motorized or not is prohibited, except by use of a hand -held bucket or similar container or a hand - held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off nozzle or device, or at a commercial car washing facility that utilizes a recirculating water system.

Installation of non-recirculating water systems is prohibited in new commercial conveyor car wash, new commercial laundry systems, or new other water intensive operations as determined by the City.
• Commercial lodging establishments must provide customers with an optional daily towel and linen laundering service. Commercial lodging establishments must prominently display notice of this option in each bathroom. Contingent on available City of Pomona Page 12
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funding and materials as determined by the City in its sole discretion, the City will annually provide display materials to establishments for notice on these items. • Food preparation establishments are prohibited from using non -water conserving dish wash spray valves.
• Eating or drinking establishments, including but not limited to a restaurant, hotel, cafe, cafeteria, bar, club, or other public place where food or drinks are sold, served, or offered for sale, are prohibited from providing drinking water to any person unless expressly requested.

Water Supply Shortage Level 1:

• Limits on Watering Days: Watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape, or other vegetated area with potable water during the months of April through October is limited to three days per week on a schedule established by the City. (By way of example - Odd addresses on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday; even addresses on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday.) During the months of November through March, watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape, or other vegetated area with potable water is limited to no more than one da y per week on a schedule established and noticed by the City. (By way of example - Odd addresses on Tuesday, even addresses on Thursday.) This provision does not apply to landscape irrigation zones that exclusively use very low flow drip type irrigation systems when no emitter produces more than two gallons of water per hour. This provision also does not apply to watering or irrigating by use of a hand-held bucket or similar container, a hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off nozzle or device, or for very short periods of time for the express purpose of adjusting or repairing an irrigation system.
• Obligation to Fix Leaks, Breaks, or Malfunctions: All leaks, breaks, or other malfunctions in the customer’s plumbing or distribution system must be repaired within seventy-two (72) hours of notification by the City unless other arrangements are made with the City.
• Other Prohibited Uses: The City may implement other prohibitions, restrictions or operational changes on water uses as determined by the City, upon reasonable City of Pomona Page 13
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notice to customers. This includes an increase in the conservation rate structure and increased performance of water loss audits.

Water Supply Shortage Level 2:

In addition to the restrictions identified in Water Supply Shortage Level 1, the following additional water conservation requirements apply:
• Limits on Watering Days: Watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape, or other vegetated area with potable water during the months of April through October is limited to two days per week on a schedule established by the City. (By way of example - Odd addresses on Monday and Thursday, even addresses on Tuesday and Friday). During the months of November through March, watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape or other vegetated area with potable water is limited to no more than one day per week on a schedule established by the City. (By way of example - Odd addresses on Tuesday, even addresses on Thursday). This provision does not apply to landscape irrigation zones that exclusively use very low flow drip type irrigation systems when no emitter produces more than two gallons of water per hour. This provision also does not apply to watering or irrigating by use of a hand- held bucket or similar container, a hand -held hose equipped with a positive self - closing water shut -off nozzle or device, or for very short periods of time for the express purpose of adjusting or repairing an irrigation system. • Obligation to Fix Leaks, Breaks, or Malfunctions: All leaks, breaks, or other malfunctions in the customer’s plumbing or distribution system must be repaired within forty-eight (48) hours of notification by the City unless other arrangements are made with the City.
• Limits on Filling Ornamental Lakes or Ponds: Filling or refilling ornamental lakes or ponds is prohibited, except to the extent needed to sustain aquatic life, provided that such animals are of significant value and have been actively managed within the water feature prior to declaration of a standard Water Shortage Level 2. • Limits on Washing Vehicles: Using water to wash or clean a vehicle, including but not limited to, any automobile, truck, van, bus, motorcycle, boat, motor home, or trailer, whether motorized or not, is prohibited except by use of a hand-held bucket City of Pomona Page 14
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or similar container, a hand-held hose equipped with a positive self -closing water shut-off nozzle or device, by high pressure/low volume wash systems, or at a commercial car washing facility that utilizes a recirculating water system to capture or reuse water.
• Limits on Filling Residential Swimming Pools and Spas: Refilling of more than one foot per week, and initial filling of residential swimming pools or outdoor spas with potable water is prohibited, except upon written authorization from the City Manager or designee.
• Other Prohibited Uses: The City may implement other prohibitions, restrictions or operational changes on water uses as determined by the City, upon reasonable notice to customers. This includes an increase in the conservation rate structure and increased performance of water loss audits.

Water Supply Shortage Level 3:

In addition to the restrictions identified in Water Supply Shortage Level 2, the following additional water conservation requirements apply:
• Limits on Watering Days: Watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape, or other vegetated area with potable water during the months of April through October is limited to two days per week on a schedule established by the City. (By way of example - Odd addresses on Monday and Thursday, even addresses on Tuesday and Friday). During the months of November through March, watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape or other vegetated area with potable water is limited to no more than one day per week on a schedule established by the City. (By way of example - Odd addresses on Tuesday, even addresses on Thursday). This provision does not apply to landscape irrigation zones that exclusively use very low flow drip type irrigation systems when no emitter produces more than two gallons of water per hour. This provision also does not apply to watering or irrigating by use of a hand- held bucket or similar container, a hand -held hose equipped with a positive self - closing water shut -off nozzle or device, or for very short periods of time for the express purpose of adjusting or repairing an irrigation system.

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• Obligation to Fix Leaks, Breaks, or Malfunctions: All leaks, breaks, or other malfunctions in the customer’s plumbing or distribution system must be repaired within forty-eight (48) hours of notification by the City unless other arrangements are made with the City.
• Limits on Filling Ornamental Lakes or Ponds: Filling or refilling ornamental lakes or ponds is prohibited, except to the extent needed to sustain aquatic life, provided that such animals are of significant value and have been actively managed within the water feature prior to declaration of a standard Water Shortage Level 3. • Limits on Washing Vehicles: Using water to wash or clean a vehicle, including but not limited to, any automobile, truck, van, bus, motorcycle, boat, motor home, or trailer, whether motorized or not, is prohibited except by use of a hand-held bucket or similar container, a hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off nozzle or device, by high pressure/low volume wash systems, or at a commercial car washing facility that utilizes a recirculating water system to capture or reuse water. • Limits on Filling Residential Swimming Pools and Spas: Refilling of more than one foot per week, and initial filling of residential swimming pools or outdoor spas with potable water is prohibited, except upon written authorization from the City Manager or designee.
• Other Prohibited Uses: The City may implement other prohibitions, restrictions, or operational changes on water uses as determined by the City, upon reasonable notice to customers. This includes an increase in the conservation rate structure and increased performance of water loss audits.

Water Supply Shortage Level 4:

In addition to the restrictions identified in Water Supply Shortage Level 3, the following additional water conservation requirements apply:
• No Watering or Irrigating: Watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape, or other vegetated area with potable water is prohibited. This restriction does not apply to the following categories of use unless the City has determined that recycled water is available and may be lawfully applied to the use:

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a) Maintenance of vegetation excluding turf, but including trees and shrubs, that are watered using a hand-held bucket or similar container, hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off nozzle or device, or a very low -flow drip type irrigation system when no emitter produces more than two gallons of water per hour subject to the watering hour restrictions;
b) Maintenance of existing landscape necessary for fire protection; c) Maintenance of existing landscape for soil erosion control; d) Maintenance of plant materials identified to be rare or essential to the wellbeing of rare animals;
e) Maintenance of landscape within active public parks and playing fields, day care centers, school grounds, cemeteries, and golf course greens, provided that such irrigation does not exceed two days per week according to the established watering schedule and time restrictions; • Obligation to Fix Leaks, Breaks or Malfunctions: All leaks, breaks, or other malfunctions in the customer’s plumbing or distribution system must be repaired within 24 hours of notification by the City unless other arrangements are made with the City.
• New Potable Water Service: The City, dependent on an analysis of water supply, may decide not to (a) provide new potable water service; (b) provide new temporary meters or permanent meters, and (c) issue any statements of immediate ability to serve or provide potable water service (such as, will serve letters, certificates, or letters of availability), except under the following circumstances:

a) A valid, unexpired building permit has been issued for the project; or b) The project is necessary to protect the public's health, safety, and welfare; or
c) The applicant provides substantial evidence of an enforceable commitment that water demands for the project will be offset prior to the provision of a new water meter(s) to the satisfaction of the City.

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This provision does not preclude the resetting or turn -on of meters to provide continuation of water service or the restoration of service that has been interrupted for a period of one year or less, or as determined by the City Manager or designee. • Discontinue Service: The City, in its sole discretion, may discontinue service to consumers who willfully violate provisions of this WSCP. • Other Prohibited Uses: The City may implement other prohibitions, restrictions or operational changes on water uses as determined by the City, upon reasonable notice to customers. This includes an increase in the conservation rate structure and increased water loss audits.

Water Supply Shortage Level 5:

In addition to the restrictions identified in Water Supply Shortage Level 4, the City may implement further and more restrictive water conservation measures under Water Supply Shortage Level 5. The following additional water conservation requirements apply:
• No Watering or Irrigating: Watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape or other vegetated area with potable water is prohibited. This restriction does not apply to the following categories of use unless the City has determined that recycled water is available and may be lawfully applied to the use:
a) Maintenance of vegetation excluding turf, but including trees and shrubs, that are watered using a hand-held bucket or similar container, hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off nozzle or device, or a very low -flow drip type irrigation system when no emitter produces more than two gallons of water per hour subject to the watering hour restrictions;
b) Maintenance of existing landscape necessary for fire protection; c) Maintenance of existing landscape for soil erosion control; d) Maintenance of plant materials identified to be rare or essential to the wellbeing of rare animals;
e) Maintenance of landscape within active public parks and playing fields, day care centers, school grounds, cemeteries, and golf course greens, provided that such irrigation does not exceed two days per week according to the established watering schedule and time restrictions; City of Pomona Page 18
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• Obligation to Fix Leaks, Breaks or Malfunctions: All leaks, breaks, or other malfunctions in the customer’s plumbing or distribution system must be repaired within 24 hours of notification by the City unless other arrangements are made with the City.
• New Potable Water Service: The City, dependent on an analysis of water supply, may decide not to (a) provide new potable water service; (b) provide new temporary meters or permanent meters, and (c) issue any statements of immediate ability to serve or provide potable water service (such as, will serve letters, certificates, or letters of availability), except under the following circumstances:
a) A valid, unexpired building permit has been issued for the project; or b) The project is necessary to protect the public's health, safety, and welfare; or
c) The applicant provides substantial evidence of an enforceable commitment that water demands for the project will be offset prior to the provision of a new water meter(s) to the satisfaction of the City.

This provision does not preclude the resetting or turn -on of meters to provide continuation of water service or the restoration of service that has been interrupted for a period of one year or less, or as determined by the City Manager or designee. • Discontinue Service: The City, in its sole discretion, may discontinue service to consumers who willfully violate provisions of this WSCP. • Other Prohibited Uses: The City may implement other prohibitions, restrictions or operational changes on water uses as determined by the City, upon reasonable notice to customers. This includes an increase in the conservation rate structure and increased water loss audits.

Water Supply Shortage Level 6:

In addition to the restrictions identified in Water Supply Shortage Level 5, the City may implement further and more restrictive water conservation measures under Water Supply Shortage Level 6. The following additional water conservation requirements apply:
• No Watering or Irrigating: Watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape, or other vegetated area with potable water is prohibited. This restriction does not apply to City of Pomona Page 19
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the following categories of use unless the City has determined that recycled water is available and may be lawfully applied to the use:
a) Maintenance of vegetation excluding turf, but including trees and shrubs, that are watered using a hand-held bucket or similar container, hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off nozzle or device, or a very low -flow drip type irrigation system when no emitter produces more than two gallons of water per hour subject to the watering hour restrictions;
b) Maintenance of existing landscape necessary for fire protection; c) Maintenance of existing landscape for soil erosion control; d) Maintenance of plant materials identified to be rare or essential to the wellbeing of rare animals;
e) Maintenance of landscape within active public parks and playing fields, day care centers, school grounds, cemeteries, and golf course greens, provided that such irrigation does not exceed two days per week according to the established watering schedule and time restrictions; • Obligation to Fix Leaks, Breaks, or Malfunctions: All leaks, breaks, or other malfunctions in the customer’s plumbing or distribution system must be repaired within 24 hours of notification by the City unless other arrangements are made with the City.
• New Potable Water Service: The City, dependent on an analysis of water supply, may decide not to (a) provide new potable water service; (b) provide new temporary meters or permanent meters, and (c) issue any statements of immediate ability to serve or provide potable water service (such as, will serve letters, certificates, or letters of availability), except under the following circumstances:
a) A valid, unexpired building permit has been issued for the project; or b) The project is necessary to protect the public's health, safety, and welfare; or
c) The applicant provides substantial evidence of an enforceable commitment that water demands for the project will be offset prior to the provision of a new water meter(s) to the satisfaction of the City.

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This provision does not preclude the resetting or turn -on of meters to provide continuation of water service or the restoration of service that has been interrupted for a period of one year or less, or as determined by the City Manager or designee. • Discontinue Service: The City, in its sole discretion, may discontinue service to consumers who willfully violate provisions of this WSCP. • Other Prohibited Uses: The City may implement other prohibitions, restrictions or operational changes on water uses as determined by the City, upon reasonable notice to customers. This includes an increase in the conservation rate structure and increased water loss audits.

Table 2. Demand Reduction Actions

Submittal Table 8-3: Demand Reduction Actions
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction Actions
Drop down list
These are the only categories that will be accepted by
the WUEdata online submittal tool. Select those that
apply.

How much is this going to reduce the shortage gap?
Include units used (volume type or percentage)
Additional Explanation or Reference
(optional)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement?
For Retail Suppliers
Only
Drop Down List
1 Landscape - Restrict or prohibit runoff from
landscape irrigation
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 1 actions is up to 1,814 AFY No excessive runoff. Yes
1 Landscape - Prohibit certain types of landscape
irrigation
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 1 actions is up to 1,814 AFY
No watering/irrigating for more than 15
min/day/station. Yes
1 CII - Lodging establishment must offer opt out
of linen service
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 1 actions is up to 1,814 AFY Yes
1 CII - Commercial kitchens required to use pre -
rinse spray valves
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 1 actions is up to 1,814 AFY Yes
1 Water Features - Restrict water use for
decorative water features, such as fountains
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 1 actions is up to 1,814 AFY
Water features must operate with
recirculated water. Yes
1 Other - Prohibit use of potable water for
washing hard surfaces
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 1 actions is up to 1,814 AFY
Exceptions for hand-held bucket or
similar container or a hand- held hose
equipped with a positive self-closing
water shut-off nozzle or device
Yes
1 Other - Prohibit vehicle washing except at
facilities using recycled or recirculating water
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 1 actions is up to 1,814 AFY
Exceptions for hand-held bucket or
similar container or a hand- held hose
equipped with a positive self-closing
water shut-off nozzle or device
Yes
1 Other - Customers must repair leaks, breaks,
and malfunctions in a timely manner
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 1 actions is up to 1,814 AFY
Must be repaired within 72 hours of
notification. Yes
1 Landscape - Limit landscape irrigation to
specific days
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 1 actions is up to 1,814 AFY Maximum 3 days a week. Yes
1 Increase Frequency of Meter Reading Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 1 actions is up to 1,814 AFY
Per evaluation of annual water loss
audits. No
1 Implement or Modify Drought Rate Structure or
Surcharge
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 1 actions is up to 1,814 AFY At the sole discretion of City Council. Yes 2 Other Collective reduction from Shortage Level 1 plus all Shortage Level 2 actions is up to 3,627 AFY All actions under Shortage Level 1 Yes 2 Landscape - Limit landscape irrigation to
specific days
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 2 actions is up to 3,627 AFY Maximum 2 days a week. Yes
2 Other water feature or swimming pool
restriction
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 2 actions is up to 3,627 AFY
Filling ornamental, lakes, ponds, pools,
or spas is prohibited. Yes
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Submittal Table 8-3: Demand Reduction Actions
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction Actions
Drop down list
These are the only categories that will be accepted by
the WUEdata online submittal tool. Select those that
apply.

How much is this going to reduce the shortage gap?
Include units used (volume type or percentage)
Additional Explanation or Reference
(optional)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement?
For Retail Suppliers
Only
Drop Down List
2 Other - Customers must repair leaks, breaks,
and malfunctions in a timely manner
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 2 actions is up to 3,627 AFY
Must be repaired within 48 hours of
notification. Yes
3 Other Collective reduction from Shortage Level 2 plus all Shortage Level 3 actions is up to 5,441 AFY All actions under Shortage Level 2 Yes 4 Other Collective reduction from Shortage Level 3 plus all Shortage Level 4 actions is up to 7,254 AFY All actions under Shortage Level 3 Yes 4 Moratorium or Net Zero Demand Increase on
New Connections
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 4 actions is up to 7,254 AFY
The City may decide not to provide new
service or discontinue water service. Yes
4 Landscape - Prohibit all landscape irrigation Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 4 actions is up to 7,254 AFY Yes
4 Other - Customers must repair leaks, breaks,
and malfunctions in a timely manner
Collective reduction from all Shortage Level 4 actions is up to 7,254 AFY
Must be repaired within 24 hours of
notification. Yes
5 Other Collective reduction from Shortage Level 4 plus all Shortage Level 5 actions is up to 9,068 AFY All actions under Shortage Level 4 Yes 6 Other Collective reduction from Shortage Level 5 plus all Shortage Level 6 actions is greater than 9,068 AFY All actions under Shortage Level 5 Yes Notes:

4.2 SUPPLY AUGMENTATION

The City does not plan to add a new source of water supply to address customer demands but instead will consider increased supplies from existing sources. Table 3 reflects this approach and does not identify any new supplies. Instead, the City will focus on demand reduction measures in the event existing sources of supply are not sufficient to meet customer demands. As discussed in Chapter 4 of the UWMP , the City’s sources of water supply include groundwater produced from the Chino Basin, Spadra Basin, and Six Basins, treated imported water purchased from MWD through TVMWD, and recycled water supplies provided by LACSD. As noted in Section 2, beginning July 1, 2022, the City has prepared and submitted an Annual Assessment which includes a review of water supplies available to meet water demands for the current and upcoming years. In the event the City is currently in, or considers entering into, one of the standard water shortage levels identified in Section 3, the City will consider the water sup ply (augmentation) actions described below.

For each water shortage level discussed in Section 3, the City will consider supplementing its existing treated imported water supplies through increased production of groundwater supplies, to the extent possible. Due to previous critically dry conditions, MWD developed the WSAP whereby available supplies are equitably allocated to its member agencies, City of Pomona Page 22
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including TVMWD. The WSAP establishes ten different shortage levels and a corresponding drought allocation to each member agency. Based on the shortage level established by MWD, the WSAP provides a reduced drought allocation to a member agency for its Municipal and Industrial (M&I) retail demand. The ratio of MWD water supply drought allocation to local water supply will change based on the WSAP stage. The MWD drought allocation can be used to make Full Service water deliveries at the Tier 1 rate up to a Tier 1 allocation. Any Full Service water delivered in excess of a drought allocation is subject to a penalty rate in addition to the normal rate paid for the water.

In addition to the WSAP, MWD describes supply augmentation actions in its Regional 2025 UWMP, which is incorporated by reference. MWD’s primary response to any gap between core supplies (from the State Water Project (SWP) and Colorado River) and demand is to make optimal use of its supply augmentation options, consisting of drawing from flexible supply programs and storage reserves. MWD has developed and actively manages a portfolio of water supply programs including water transfer, storage, and exchange agreements. MWD pursues voluntary water transfer and exchange programs to help mitigate supply/demand imbalances and provide additional dry -year supply sources. In addition, MWD has developed significant storage capacity in reservoirs, conjunctive use, and other groundwater storage programs totaling approximately 6.0 million A F. Pursuant to MWD’s “Emergency Storage Objective”, updated in 2019 , approximately 750,000 AF of total stored water is emergency storage reserved by MWD for use in the event of supply interruptions. Based on MWD’s historical and on-going water supply and storage programs and management practices, the City will use up to the treated imported water supply made available from MWD through TVMWD in association with each of the standard water shortage levels identified in Section 3. Water demands will be addressed through increased use of the local groundwater supplies and implementation of demand reduction measures through the various stages of action.

The City has the flexibility to augment its existing water supplies through production of groundwater from the Six Basins and Chino Basin. The Six Basins is managed by the Six Basins Watermaster, and the Chino Basin is managed by the Chino Basin Watermaster.

During the periods of management under the Six Basin Judgment and the Chino Basin City of Pomona Page 23
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Judgment, significant drought events have occurred. In each drought cycle, both the Six Basins and the Chino Basin have been managed to maintain water levels. Parties to the Six Basins Basin Judgment and Chino Basin Judgment, including the City, are authorized to produce groundwater in excess of their rights and pay assessments for such production to the respective Watermaster. The assessments are used to purchase untreated imported water to replenish the Six Basins and Chino Basin. The Six Basins Watermaster purchases untreated imported water to replenish the Six Basins from MWD through TVMWD. The Chino Basin Watermaster purchases untreated imported water to replenish the Chino Basin from MWD through Inland Empire Utilities Agency ( IEUA). In addition, groundwater quality in the Six Basins and the Chino Basin is not expected to impact potable supplies or constrain supply reliability. Groundwater quality is carefully monitored and managed by the Watermaster for each respective basin. In addition, Treatment facilities and/or blend plans have been developed by water agencies to meet potable water standards and to prevent the spread of any groundwater contamination. Based on historical and on-going management practices, the City will be able to continue relying on the Six Basins and Chino Basin for adequate supplies in response to each of the standard water shortage levels identified in Section 3. An additional potential source of replenishment water is recycled water.

Table 3. Supply Augmentation and Other Actions

Submittal Table 8-2: Supply Augmentation and Other Actions Shortage Level Supply Augmentation Methods and
Other Actions by Water Supplier
Drop down list
These are the only categories that will be
accepted by the WUEdata online submittal tool
How much is this going to reduce
the shortage gap? Include units
used (volume type or percentage)
Additional Explanation or Reference
(optional)
1 Transfers Not applicable (see Notes)
2 Transfers Not applicable (see Notes)
3 Transfers Not applicable (see Notes)
4 Transfers Not applicable (see Notes)
5 Transfers Not applicable (see Notes)
6 Transfers Not applicable (see Notes)
NOTES: The City will consider increased production from Six Basins and the Chino Basin using existing facilities to address increased demands. As noted on Table 2, the City plans to implement demand reduction measures in the event water supplies from existing sources are not sufficient to meet anticipated demands.

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4.3 OPERATIONAL CHANGES

During a water supply shortage situation, the City will manage its water supply resources to provide sufficient water supplies capable of meeting the demands of its customers.

Section 4.2 describes the City’s water supply sources and water supply augmentation actions available. Section 4.2 describes the City’s standard water shortage levels and associated demand reduction measures. The supply augmentation actions and demand reduction measures, when implemented, may potentially result in short -term operational changes which are necessary to allow the City to utilize all available water supply sources in response to water shortage situations.

As noted in Section 2, beginning July 1, 2022, the City has prepared and submitted an Annual Assessment which includes a review of the water supplies available to meet water demands for the current and upcoming years. Preparation of the Annual Assessment assists the City in determining any potential operational changes. In addition, the City’s standard water shortage levels and the associated demand reduction measures, in conjunction with the City’s existing Demand Management Measures (DMM) (discussed in Chapter 8 of the UWMP), will be essential to the City in reducing water demands during any water shortage period. The operational changes the City will consider in addressing non-catastrophic water shortages on a short-term basis include the following:
• Improved monitoring, analysis, and tracking of customer water usage to enforce demand reduction measures.
• Optimized production from existing available water supply sources. • Potential use of emergency supply sources, including emergency interconnections.
• Potential blending of water supply resources.
• Improved monitoring, maintenance, and repairs to reduce water distribution system losses.

4.4 ADDITIONAL MANDATORY RESTRICTIONS

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The mandatory restrictions which are implemented by the City to reduce customer demands are discussed in Section 4.2. There are no additional mandatory restrictions planned at this time.

4.5 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

Catastrophic water shortages are incorporated in the City’s standard water shortage levels (identified in Section 3) and the associated demand reduction measures (described in Section 4.1). In addition to the water supply augmentation actions (Section 4.2) and potential operational changes (Section 4.3) which the City may consider in order to continue providing sufficient water supplies, the City will review and implement any necessary steps included in its ERP.

As part of the “America’s Water Infrastructure Act of 2018”, community water systems serving a population greater than 3,300 people, including the City, are required to review and update their “Risk and Resilience Assessment” (RRA) and the associated ERP every five (5) years. However, due to security concerns regarding the submitting of these reports, water systems are required to submit certifications to the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA), confirming the current RRA and ERP have been reviewed and updated. For the City, the RRA certification was due by March 31, 2025, and the ERP certification was due by September 30, 2025.

The City’s RRA evaluates the vulnerabilities, threats, and consequences from potential hazards to the City’s water system. The City prepared its RRA (which is incorporated by reference) by evaluating the following items:

• Natural hazards and malevolent acts (i.e., all hazards); • Resilience of water facility infrastructure (including pipes, physical barriers, water sources and collection, treatment, storage and distribution facilities, and electronic, computer and other automated systems);
• Monitoring practices;
• Financial systems (e.g., billing systems);
• Chemical storage and handling; and
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• Operation and maintenance.

The City’s RRA evaluated a series of potential malevolent acts, natural hazards, and other threats in order to estimate the potential “monetized risks” (i.e. associated economic consequences to both the water system and surrounding region, and the likelihood of occurrence) associated with the City’s water facility assets. The cost -effectiveness of implementing potential countermeasures to reduce risks was also reviewed.

The City’s ERP provides the management, procedures, and designated actions the City and its employees will implement during emergency situations (including catastrophic water shortages) resulting from natural disasters, system failures, and other unforeseen circumstances. The City’s ERP (which is incorporated by reference) provides guidelines for evaluating an emergency situation, procedures for activating an emergency response, and details of the different response phases in order to ensure that customers receive a reliable and adequate supply of potable water. The scope of the ERP includes emergencies which directly affect the water system and the ability to maintain safe operations (such as chlorine release, and earthquake, or a threat of contamination). The ERP also incorporates the results of the City’s RRA and includes the following:

• Strategies and resources to improve resilience, including physical and cybersecurity;
• Plans and procedures for responding to a natural hazard or malevolent act; • Actions and equipment to lessen the impact of a natural hazard or malevolent act; and
• Strategies to detect natural hazards or malevolent act.

The City will review the ERP for procedures regarding the utilization of alternative water supply sources in response to water supply shortages, including during the standard water shortage levels. The City will also review applicable procedures described in the ERP regarding any necessary temporary shutdown of water supply facilities, including appropriate regulatory and public notifications.

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4.6 SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION PLAN

CWC 10632.5.

(a) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632, beginning January 1, 2020, the plan shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan to assess the vulnerability of each of the various facilities of a water system and mitigate those vulnerabilities.

(b) An urban water supplier shall update the seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan when updating its urban water management plan as required by Section 10621.

(c) An urban water supplier may comply with this section by submitting, pursuant to Section 10644, a copy of the most recent adopted local hazard mitigation plan or multihazard mitigation plan under the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106 -390) if the local hazard mitigation plan or multihazard mitigation plan addresses seismic risk.

The City prepared a local “Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan Update” which was approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in 20 22. The “Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan Update” identifies effective ways to assess the significant natural hazards (including earthquakes) that may affect the City and its residents. The “Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan Update” provides resources, information, and strategies to reduce the City’s vulnerability to these hazards, while providing guidance for the c oordination of mitigation activities throughout the City. The “Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan Update” includes mitigation projects necessary to reduce seismic risk to the City’s water distribution system facilities (including its distribution system pipelines, groundwater wells, booster pumps, and storage reservoirs) and potential disruptions in providing water service. The City’s “Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan Update” is provided in Appendix B.

The County of Los Angeles prepared an “All-Hazards Mitigation Plan” in 20 25 which identified methods to assess significant natural hazards (including earthquakes) affecting areas throughout Los Angeles County, and the mitigation strategies necessary to reduce risks, including seismic risk. The County’s All -Hazards Mitigation Plan is provided in Appendix C.

The California Geological Survey has published the locations of numerous faults which have been mapped in the Southern California region. Although the San Andreas fault is the most recognized and is capable of producing an earthquake with a magnitude greater City of Pomona Page 28
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than 8 on the Richter scale, some of the lesser -known faults have the potential to cause significant damage. The locations of these earthquake faults in the vicinity of the City’s water service area are provided in the figure below. The faults that are located in close proximity to and could potentially cause significant shaking in the City’s water service area include the San Andreas fault, the Whittier fault, the San Jose fault, the Chino fault, the Central Avenue fault, and the Sierra Madre fault.

Location of Earthquake Faults
Source: https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/App/

The following figure provides the relative intensity of ground shaking in the vicinity of the City’s service area from anticipated future earthquakes. The locations of relatively long - period (1.0 second) earthquake shaking, including the City’s service ar ea, are provided.

Long-period shaking affects tall, relatively flexible buildings, but also correlates with earthquake damage. The shaking potential is calculated based on the level of ground motion that has a 2 percent chance of being exceeded in 50 years (or the level of ground- shaking with an approximate 2,500 -year average repeat time). As discussed in Section

4.5, the City has prepared an ERP which provides the management, procedures, and designated actions the City and its employees will implement during emergency situations resulting from natural disasters, including during earthquakes, to ensure that customers

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receive a reliable and adequate supply of potable water. The City’s ERP is incorporated by reference.

Earthquake Shaking Potential

Source: “Earthquake Shaking Potential for California”, 2016, California Geological Survey and United States Geological Survey

4.7 SHORTAGE RESPONSE ACTION EFFECTIVENESS

The effectiveness of the shortage response actions for each of the standard water shortage levels identified in Section 3 is evident in the City’s historical ability to meet its customer’s water demands in response to a water supply shortage. In addition, the City imposes water consumption regulations and restrictions and supports local agencies in efforts to enforce regulations and prohibitions on water use. The effectiveness of each of the City’s shortage response actions, in order to reduce any potential gaps between supply and demand, has been quantified in the expected demand reduction provided in Table 2 and Table 3.

During the past five years, the City experienced a consecutive two-year drought within its service area from FY 2021 to FY 2022 . Throughout this extended dry year period, the City’s Service Area
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City’s annual water production averaged 21,505 acre-feet per year (AFY). During the past five years, the average annual production was approximately 19,881 AFY, with a maximum of up to 22,029 AF during FY 2021. The City has been able to provide sufficient water supplies to its customers, including during long-term droughts and years with historically high water demands. In addition, the City has been able to provide water service to meet maximum day water demands for these years, including during the summer months.

The City’s water demands during the most recent five years averaged approximately 17,168 AFY of potable water . Due to conservation efforts and demand management measures (discussed in Chapter 8 of the UWMP), the City’s recent water demands have been less than its historical water demands, including during long -term droughts. The City’s projected water demands (during a normal year, a single dry year, and a five consecutive year drought conditions) are provided in Section 5.3 of the UWMP and are anticipated to incorporate similar reductions in water use rates as a result of the shortage response actions, ongoing conservation efforts, and demand management measures. It is anticipated the City will be able to continue providing sufficient water supplies to its customers to meet projected water demands, including during long -term droughts. In addition, as discussed in Section 4.2, based on historical and on -going managem ent practices, the City will be able to continue relying on its water supply sources from the Chino Basin, Spadra Basin, and Six Basins for adequate supply augmentation in response to each of the standard water shortage levels identified in Section 3.

The City previously adopted Resolution No. 2015-41 in May 2015 which declared a water supply shortage and established water-use restrictions and regulations equivalent to the standard water shortage level 2 identified in Section 3. During this Level 2 water shortage period, the City was able to reduce water demands by up to 20 percent and provide sufficient water supplies to its customers. Subsequently, the City adopted Resolution No. 2016-105 in July 2016 which rescinded the Level 2 water supply shortage and declared a water supply shortage equivalent to standard water shortage Level 1. During this Level 1 water shortage period, the City was able to reduce water demand by up to 10 percent and City of Pomona Page 31
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provide sufficient water supplies to its customers. Copies of the resolutions are provided in Appendix A.

Based on the City’s demonstrated ability to meet water demands during past water supply shortages, the adopted water shortage levels, the adjusted operating safe yields, and water supplies through long -term droughts, it is anticipated that the City will be able to provide sufficient water supplies to its customers during each of its st andard water shortage levels. Although adequate supplies are anticipated, the cost of those water supplies may become incrementally more expensive. The City will enact varying levels of its WSCP to encourage retail customers to reduce water consumption and at the same time reduce the need to use the more expensive water supplies. Notwithstanding, the effectiveness of each of the City’s shortage response actions, in order to reduce any potential gaps between supply and demand, has been quantified in the expected demand reduction section provided in Table 2 and Table 3. The effectiveness of the City’s shortage response actions are based on the City’s water demands prior to 2015 (unconstrained demands). The City reduced its water demands in 2015 in response to the Governor’s April 1, 2015, Executive Order B -29-15 which mandated statewide reduction in water use of 25 percent. The City’s actual water demand reduction during this period was used to estimate the extent of water use reductions for the City’s Water Shortage Stages. The City’s Water Shortage Levels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are expected to reduce water demands by up to 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and greater than 50%, respectively.

5 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS

CWC 10632.

(a)(5) Communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and state governments, regarding, at a minimum, all of the following:

(A) Any current or predicted shortages as determined by the annual water supply and demand assessment described pursuant to Section 10632.1.

(B) Any shortage response actions triggered or anticipated to be triggered by the annual water supply and demand assessment described pursuant to Section 10632.1.

(C) Any other relevant communications.

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The City utilizes established communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the general public, interested parties, and local agencies of current or anticipated water shortages, shortage response actions, and other relevant information.

Beginning July 1, 2022, the City has submitted an Annual Assessment in accordance with DWR’s guidance and requirements. The Annual Assessment include s a review of the City’s unconstrained water demands (i.e. water demands prior to any projected response actions the City may trigger under this WSCP) for the current year and the upcoming (potential single dry) year. The City will also include information regarding anticipated shortages, triggered shortage response actions, compliance and enforcement actions, and communication actions consistent with the City’s WSCP. See Section 2 for more information regarding the Annual Assessment.

Standard water shortage levels may be declared by resolution of the City Council, adopted at a regular or special public meeting held in accordance with state law. The mandatory conservation requirements applicable to the shortage level conditions will take effect on the 10th day after the date the shortage level is declared. Within seven days following the declaration of the shortage level, the City must publish a copy of the resolution in a newspaper used for publication of official notices. If the City establishes a water allocation, it must provide notice of the allocation by including it in the regular billing statement. A water allocation will be effective on the 5th day following the date of mailing or at such later date as specified in the notice. The City may declare an end to any water shortage level upon recommendation by the City Manager, or designee, and resolution by the City Council at any regular or special meeting of the City Council.

Under unique circumstances where a specific requirement of this WSCP would result in undue hardship to a customer that is disproportionate to the impacts on other customers, the customer may apply for a waiver pursuant to the requirements as provided in this WSCP. The waiver may be granted or conditionally granted only upon a written finding of the existence of facts demonstrating an undue hardship to the customer. The customer must provide the following documents for review:

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(1) The application for a waiver prescribed by the City and accompanied by a non - refundable processing fee in an amount set by City Council resolution. (2) Photographs, maps, drawings, and other information, including a written statement of the applicant.

An application for a waiver will be denied unless the City finds, based on the information provided in the application, supporting documents, or such additional information that may be requested, and on water use information for the property as shown by the records of the City or its agent, all of the following:

(1) That the waiver does not constitute a grant of special privilege inconsistent with the limitations upon other customers;
(2) That, because of special circumstances applicable to the property or its use, the strict application of this division would have a disproportionate impact on the property or use that exceeds the impacts to residents and businesses generally; (3) That the authorizing of such waiver will not be of substantial detriment to adjacent properties, and will not materially affect the ability of the City to effectuate the purpose of this division and will not be detrimental to the public interest; and (4) That the condition or situation of the subject property or the intended use of the property for which the waiver is sought is not common, recurrent, or general in nature.

The City Manager or designee must act upon any completed application no later than ten business days after submittal and may approve, conditionally approve, or deny the waiver.

The applicant requesting the waiver must be promptly notified in writing of any action taken. Unless specified otherwise at the time a waiver is approved, the wai ver will apply to the subject property during the period of the mandatory water supply shortage condition. The decision of the City Manager, or designee, shall be final.

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6 COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT

CWC 10632.

(a)(6) For an urban retail water supplier, customer compliance, enforcement, appeal, and exemption procedures for triggered shortage response actions as determined pursuant to Section 10632.2.

Any violation of this WSCP is considered a waste and an unreasonable use of water. The City will track violations by analyzing the City water loss audits for potential leak locations and by documenting correspondence of the City Water Watcher Reporting Line, a 24- Hour Service where customers can report witnessing the abuse of water supplies.

Any violation of this WSCP may be prosecuted as a misdemeanor or as an infraction, at the discretion of the City, pursuant to Article X of the Pomona Municipal Code (Code).

Pursuant to Section 1 -7 of this Code, a misdemeanor is punishable by imprisonment i n the county jail for no more than 30 days, or by a fine not exceeding $1,000.00, or by both.

The City Manager and respective departments shall have the authority to administer and enforce this division.

Pursuant to this WSCP, penalties for failure to comply with any provisions of the WSCP are as follows:
(1) A fine not exceeding $100.00 for a first violation.

(2) A fine not exceeding $200.00 for a second violation of the same provision within one year.
(3) A fine not exceeding $500.00 for each additional violation of the same provision within one year.
a. Water flow restrictor: In addition to any fines, the City may install a water flow restrictor device of approximately one gallon per minute capacity for services up to one and one-half inch size and comparatively sized restrictors for larger services after written notice of inte nt to install a flow restrictor for a minimum of 48 hours.

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b. Termination of service: In addition to any fines and the installation of a water flow restrictor, the City may disconnect and/or terminate a customer's water service.

A person or entity that violates this division is responsible for payment of the City's charges for installing and/or removing any flow restricting device and for disconnecting and/or reconnecting service per the City's schedule of charges then in effect. The charge for installing and/or removing any flow restricting device must be paid to the City before the device is removed. Nonpayment will be subject to the same remedies as nonpayment of basic water rates.

Pursuant to this WSCP, each day that a violation of this ordinance occurs is a separate offense.

The City will issue a notice of violation by mail or personal delivery at least ten days before taking enforcement action. Such notice must describe the violation and the date by which corrective action must be taken. A customer may appeal the violation by filing a written notice of appeal pursuant to this WSCP.

Pending receipt of a written appeal or pending a hearing pursuant to an appeal, the City may take appropriate steps to prevent the unauthorized use of water as appropriate to the nature and extent of the violations and the current declared water shortage level condition.
7 LEGAL AUTHORITIES

CWC 10632.

(a)(7)(A) A description of the legal authorities that empower the urban water supplier to implement and enforce its shortage response actions specified in paragraph (4) that may include, but are not limited to, statutory authorities, ordinances, resolutions, and contract provisions.

(B) A statement that an urban water supplier shall declare a water shortage emergency in accordance with Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 350) of Division 1.

(C) A statement that an urban water supplier shall coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water supply services for the possible proclamation of a local emergency, as defined in Section 8558 of the Government Code.

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CWC Division 1, Section 350

The governing body of a distributor of a public water supply, whether publicly or privately owned and including a mutual water company, shall declare a water shortage emergency condition to prevail within the area served by such distributor whenever it finds and determines that the ordinary demands and requirements of water consumers cannot be satisfied without depleting the water supply of the distributor to the extent that there would be insufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection.

The City is responsible for implementing and enforcing the water shortage response actions described in Section 4. This WSCP is subject to any changes deemed necessary by the City.

The City Manager, or designee, may declare a water shortage emergency and may immediately enact the mandatory requirements of any of the levels designated herein.

The required measures of the designated water shortage level will be effective immediately and will be communicated to the public. The emergency implementation will be ratified by resolution of the City Council at its next meeting.

The City shall coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water supply services for the possible proclamation of a local emergency. This includes the Cities of Chino Hills, Claremont, La Verne, and Montclair, and the County of Los Angeles.

The City shall declare a water shortage emergency in accordance with CA Water Code CHAPTER 3 - Water Shortage Emergencies § 350 – 358. Legal authorities include California Water Code Sections 71640 -71644 Article 3. Water Shortages and CA Water Code § 366 (2025) CHAPTER 3.3 - Excessive Residential Water Use During Drought. 8 FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF WSCP

CWC 10632.

(a)(8) A description of the financial consequences of, and responses for, drought conditions, including, but not limited to, all of the following:

(A) A description of potential revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions described in paragraph (4).

(B) A description of mitigation actions needed to address revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions described in paragraph (4).

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(C) A description of the cost of compliance with Chapter 3.3 (commencing with Section 365) of Division 1.

To ensure compliance with CWC Chapter 3.3 (commencing with Section 365), additional costs may be incurred to monitor and enforce WSCP actions. These costs may vary depending on the applicable water shortage stage and the duration of the water shortage emergency.

The City’s primary source of revenue is user service charges, which consists of bimonthly fixed readiness-to-serve charges according to meter size and a volumetric charge per unit of water consumed. The bimonthly fixed readiness-to-serve charges are sufficient to meet about 45 percent of the City’s operations and maintenance expenses. The revenue from the consumption charge is designed to be sufficient to fund the remaining 55 percent of the operations and maintenance expenses plus all of the variable expenses associated with the cost of water. The current water rates are provided in Appendix D.

The City Council may adopt resolutions to make additional adjustments to the water rates based on the City’s increased costs to provide water for its customers.

The City has historically maintained a financial reserve in its Water Fund. The City may use financial reserves for water system expenditures to make up for shortfalls in water revenue associated with unanticipated reduced water sales. 9 MONITORING AND REPORTING

CWC 10632.

(a)(9) For an urban retail water supplier, monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data is collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance and to meet state reporting requirements.

Customer compliance with the provisions adopted by declaration of a WSCP are monitored and reported through water loss audits performed by the City’s Water Resource Department. Staff prepare annual Distribution System Water Audits to monitor water City of Pomona Page 38
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losses. Staff review the audits to track real and apparent losses. Losses are monitored by comparing water production to sales. The City regularly monitors its system and repairs leaks in a timely manner. To help in its effort to reduce and eliminate losses, the City has purchased various sound correlators for identifying system leaks. In those areas where a leak is visible, staff are dispatched to a site to pinpoint the leak to minimize the excavation area and save resources.

The City’s Water Resources Department is also the first point of contact of the City Water Watcher Reporting Line, a 24-Hour Service where customers can report witness of abuse of water supplies. Reports are documented for record of offenses and necessary penalties.
10 WSCP REFINEMENT PROCEDURES

CWC 10632.

(a)(10) Reevaluation and improvement procedures for systematically monitoring and evaluating the functionality of the water shortage contingency plan in order to ensure shortage risk tolerance is adequate and appropriate water shortage mitigation strategie s are implemented as needed.

The City’s WSCP has been prepared as an adaptive management plan. As discussed in Section 9, the City will monitor and report on the implementation of the WSCP. The City will review the implementation results for any current or potential shortage gaps between water supplies and demands. The City will evaluate the need for revising the WSCP in order to resolve any shortage gaps, as necessary. The City will consider the following potential revisions in the event of a potential shortage gap:
• Implementation of additional public outreach, education, and communication programs (in addition to the programs discussed in Chapter 8 of the UWMP). • Implementation of more stringent water use restrictions under the standard water shortage levels (discussed in Section 4.2).
• Implementation of stricter enforcement actions and penalties (discussed in Section 6).

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• Improvements to the water supply augmentation responses (discussed in Section

4.2), as well as any associated operational changes (discussed in Section 4.3) which may be required.
• Incorporation of additional actions recommended by City staff or other interested parties.

The City will use the monitoring and reporting data to evaluate the ability for these potential revisions to resolve any shortage gaps which may occur within the standard water shortage levels.

This WSCP is adopted as part of the City’s 202 5 UWMP adoption process discussed in Section 9.2 of the UWMP . It is anticipated the City will review, revise, and adopt an updated WSCP as part of preparing its 20 31 UWMP, as necessary. However, the City will continue to review the monitoring and reporting data, and if needed, update the WSCP more frequently. Any updates to the City’s WSCP will include a public hearing and adoption process by City Council (see Section 12).

11 SPECIAL WATER FEATURE DISTINCTION
__

CWC 10632.

(b) For purposes of developing the water shortage contingency plan pursuant to subdivision (a), an urban water supplier shall analyze and define water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 115921 of the Health and Safety Code.

The City’s WSCP defines “decorative water features” as water features which are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, but excluding pools and spas. In general, there are additional health and safety considerations in the water supplied to pools and spas compared to decorative water features. As a result, the City’s WSCP has reviewed the response actions, enforcement actions, and monitoring and reporting programs separately for decorative water features and for pools and spas, as applicable.

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Please see Section 4.1. for specific demand reduction actions in relation to special water features.
12 PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND AVAILABILITY
__

CWC 10632.

(c) The urban water supplier shall make available the water shortage contingency plan prepared pursuant to this article to its customers and any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 30 days after adoption of the water shortage contingency plan.

CWC 10635.

(c) Provide supporting documentation that Water Shortage Contingency Plan has been, or will be, provided to any city or county within which it provides water, no later than 30 days after the submission of the plan to DWR.

The City’s WSCP is adopted as part of the City’s 202 5 UWMP adoption process discussed in Chapter 9 of the UWMP. The process for adopting the City’s WSCP includes the following:
• The City will conduct a public hearing and make the WSCP available for public inspection.
• The City will provide notification of the time and place of the public hearing to any city or county in which water is provided.
• The City will publish notice of public hearing in a newspaper once a week, for two successive weeks (with at least five days between publication dates). • The City Council will adopt the 2025 UWMP and the WSCP. • As part of submitting the 2025 UWMP to DWR, the City will also submit the WSCP (electronically through DWR’s online submittal tool) within 30 days of adoption and by July 1, 202 6. The City will submit a copy of the WSCP to the California State Library and to any city or county in which water is provided within 30 days of adoption. In addition, the City will make the WSCP available for public review within 30 days of adoption.

If there are any subsequent amendments required, the process for adopting an amended WSCP includes the following:

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The City will conduct a public hearing and make the amended WSCP available for public inspection.
• The City Council will adopt the amended WSCP.
• The City will submit the amended WSCP to DWR (electronically through DWR’s online submittal tool) within 30 days of adoption.
• Within 30 days after submission of the WSCP to DWR, the City will provide the WSCP to any city or county within which the City provides water.

Additional information regarding the adoption, submittal, and availability of the City’s WSCP (and 2025 UWMP) is provided in Chapter 9 of the UWMP.

APPENDIX A

CITY OF POMONA ORDINANCE AND RESOLUTIONS

RESOLUTION NO. 2015- 41

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF POMONA, CALIFORNIA, DECLARING A LEVEL 2 WATER SUPPLY SHORTAGE
AND IMPLEMENTING LEVEL 2 RESTRICTIONS FOR WATER USE

REDUCTION TO OUTDOOR URBAN WATER USE
WHEREAS, at the June 15, 2009 City Council meeting, the City Council adopted Ordinance No. 4122 a " Water Conservation and Water Supply Shortage Program" (" Water ConservationProgram") that becameeffective immediatelyupon adoptionpursuantto Water Code Section 376;
WHEREAS, the Water Conservation Program allows the City Council to declareby Resolution a water supply shortage level, and statesthat the conservation requirements shall take effect on the l0a' day after the water shortage level is declared; WHEREAS, on January 17, 2014, Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr. issued a Drought Emergency Proclamation (January 2014 Proclamation) due to the dire drought conditions and the need to conserve more;
WHEREAS, on February 24, 2014, the City Council adopted a Resolution to request a voluntary water use reduction by all City water customers in responseto Governor Brown' s Drought Declaration and Metropolitan Water District' s ( MWD) Statement regarding California' s Water Supply Shortage;
WHEREAS, Water Code Section 1058.5 grants the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) the authority to adopt emergencyregulations in certain drought years to:

Prevent the waste, unreasonable use, unreasonable method of use, or unreasonable method of diversion, of water, to promotewaterrecyclingor waterconservation, to requirecurtailmentof diversionswhenwateris not availableunderthe diverter'spriority of right, or in furtheranceof anyof the foregoing, to requirereportingof diversionor useor the preparationof monitoringreports".

WHEREAS, On July 15, 2014, SWRCB adoptedan emergencyregulation to support water conservation (Resolution No. 2014-0038) andthat regulation becameeffective July 28, 2014 after approval by the Office of Administrative Law( OAL).

WHEREAS, On March 17, 2015, the SWRCB adopted a Resolution to implement an ExpandedEmergencyWater Conservationrequirementdue to the continuing emergency droughtconditions (ExecutiveOrderB-29-15)to safeguardtheState'sremainingwatersupply.

WHEREAS, on May 5, 2015, the SWRCBhasadopteda RegulatoryFrameworkto outline the Governor's ExecutiveOrder and mandatoryactionsthat needto be takenby water suppliers.

Resolution No. 2015- 41
May 18, 2015