Richmond City Council
October 1, 2024

Community Outreach and Findings Report
Introduction
The City of Richmond is ready to advance towards a safe, healthy, equitable, resilient, and sustainable future. The Richmond Green-Blue New Deal Plan (GBND) will establish strategic direction and programs that support community well-being, foster economic development, and reinforce environmental protection citywide. The City is actively supporting the process of developing a plan for a Richmond Green-Blue New Deal and Just Transition to 21st Century Jobs.1 In developing this plan, the City of Richmond committed to designing and implementing an inclusive and dynamic engagement process to ensure the GBND is based on robust and genuine feedback from the community, civic and city leaders, labor leaders, and the private sector .

This Community Outreach and Findings Report has been prepared by MIG, Inc. for review by Appraccel, LLC and the City of Richmond City Manager’s office. This report summarizes the community outreach activities and findings to help ensure a community-driven Richmond Green-Blue New Deal Plan (plan).

Overview
Outreach Goals and Objectives
The following goals and objectives were developed to guide community outreach and help ensure the Green-Blue New Deal plan will support the City of Richmond in achieving racially equitable community outcomes that foster a healthy and inclusive community for all. • Leverage local networks and existing community engagement efforts. Build on the variety and depth of existing community involvement initiatives in Richmond to engage the public effectively and efficiently in the Green-Blue New Deal plan. Tap into existing community-based networks of local leaders and groups to connect with a wider range of community members. • Identify barriers to participation. Cultivate an understanding of existing or potential barriers to the full participation of all community members, particularly communities of color and low-income populations, in developing the Green-Blue New Deal plan. • Create opportunities for inclusive and equitable participation. Provide multiple and varied opportunities for a broad range of community members, businesses, and interest groups to share meaningful input.
• Collaborate and inform decision-making. Collect useful and relevant public input that reflects local expertise and values and informs decision-making related to the Green-Blue New Deal plan. • Build long-term capacity for civic engagement around workforce development. Build social capital and support those engaged through the process to stay involved and share not only concerns and issues, but also solutions and strategies necessary to implement the Green-Blue New Deal plan.

Outreach Activities
A variety of outreach activities were conducted to ensure a broad range of community members and organizations had the opportunity to provide meaningful input.

1 https://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/4138/Green-Blue-New-Deal-and-Just-Transition

• Community Champions. A dedicated group of Community Champions helped ensure the project is responsive to the interests and needs of the City and the community and refine the plan’s goals and objectives.
• Community-based organization partners. Community-based organizations (CBOs) working in and serving the Richmond community partnered with the Richmond Green-Blue New Deal project by leveraging their existing networks in the Richmond community and facilitating outreach activities to collect input.
• Stakeholder workshops. Two workshops were facilitated to inform and engage Richmond businesses and industries and Contra Costa Building Trades unions to gather feedback, concerns, and priorities to inform the plan.
• Online and paper survey. A public survey was conducted to gather insights from the community about their vision and goals for the City and the plan. This survey was promoted by Community Champions, CBO partners, and the City of Richmond.

Major Themes and Feedback
Community Priorities
Across outreach activities, common themes and priorities emerged. Participants shared that the Green- Blue New Deal should:
• Benefit Richmond residents who need the most support including historically underserved and underinvested communities, Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities, the justice-involved community, and unhoused community.
• Ensure sustainable, long-term benefits for Richmond residents including health, employment, and housing stability benefits that have measurable outcomes and metrics to measure progress. • Leverage and rely on the local expertise of community leaders and organizations when moving projects forward.
• Include and clearly detail high-quality labor standards, equitable hiring policies, and hiring preferences for local Richmond residents and justice-involved candidates. • Carefully consider and monitor how sustainable improvements can have unintended consequences such as household expense increases for low-income households, producing unintended waste, and gentrification.
• Clearly outline plan implementation and evaluation logistics such as who will implement the plan, where funding for the plan could come from, who has decision-making power, how decisions will be data-driven and evidence-based, outcomes and metrics to measure impact on the environment, workers, and Richmond community members.

Although not reflected in the findings for individual outreach activities, during ongoing conversations the need for an environmental education curriculum or green-blue career readiness curriculum for young people was emphasized by stakeholders. This curriculum would ensure that Richmond’s diverse student population develops a broad-based understanding of the green-blue economy and is well-positioned to benefit from future green-blue career opportunities.

Support for Green-Blue Projects
Across community outreach activities, there was support for a variety of potential green-blue projects.

There is not a clear consensus on which specific projects should move forward but rather an emphasis

that the projects that do move forward should directly benefit the Richmond community by ensuring sustainable, long-term community benefits, building wealth and providing family-sustaining wages for workers, and supporting small, locally-owned businesses.

Key Partners to Engage in Plan Development and Implementation The following stakeholders and organizations were engaged during the community outreach process and should continue to be involved as the plan is developed and implemented. • The Richmond community at large would like to be updated through City communications and updates relayed through Community Champions and CBO partners on the plan progress. It will be important to continue to engage the community and incorporate feedback to build trust and maintain transparency throughout this project.
• The Council of Business and Industry, specifically Executive Director Katrinka Ruk, would like to remain engaged and updated as the plan is developed and collaborate where appropriate during implementation.
o Sal Vaca is interested in remaining engaged to ensure the plan reflects equitable hiring policies and local hiring preferences for Richmond residents and justice-involved community members.
• The Contra Costa Building and Construction Trades Council members are very interested in partnering with the City on federal and state grant opportunities and advocacy opportunities related to green-blue projects. Unions that expressed the most interest in remaining engaged include:
o Anthony Viscuso, Heat & Frost Insulators, Local 16
o Dominic Lucero, Boilermakers 549
o EJ Cire, Sheet Metal Workers Local 104
o Felipe Hernandez Rios, UA LOCAL 355
o Jason Lindsey, Ironworkers Local 378
o Tim Frank, consultant with Contra Costa Building and Construction Trades Council • Specific Community Champions engaged at a deeper level and have indicated interest in staying involved in development and implementation of the plan:
o James McGarry, California Public Utilities Commission – energy and building electrification projects, policy projects
o Juliana Gonzalez, The Watershed Project – nature restoration and preservation projects, transportation projects, brownfields projects, training and workforce development projects
o Najari Smith and Jason Woody, Rich City Rides – transportation projects, policy projects, youth engagement
o Wesley Alexander, CoBiz – training and workforce development projects o Katrinka Ruk, Council of Business and Industry – policy projects, energy projects, nature restoration and preservation projects
o Dan Knapp and Mary Lou Deventer, Urban Ore – circular economy projects, training and workforce development projects
o Bethany Kaufman, Rebuilding Together East Bay Network – building and construction projects, training and workforce development projects
o Karen Collins, Food Bank of Contra Costa and Solano – food distribution projects

o Arleide Santos, Urban Tilth – food projects, nature restoration and preservation projects, training and workforce development projects
o Marisol Cantu, Richmond Progressive Alliance/Safe Return Project – circular economy projects, policy projects, training and workforce development projects Project Logo
Survey respondents, Community Champions, and Safe Return Project workshop participants were asked to help select a logo for the Richmond Green Blue New Deal. Respondents indicated a preference for Option 2 (35%) and Option 4 (31%) below.

22%
35%13%
31%
Which logo do you like most to represent this project?
Select 1 choice.

Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4
Option 2:

Option 4:

Community Champions
To help ensure the plan is responsive to the interests and needs of the City and to help guide and refine the plan’s goals and strategies, a Community Champions team was convened early in the community engagement process. Community Champions include representatives from community-based organizations, workforce development and job training agencies, small businesses, and relevant industry areas.

Role and Responsibilities
The Community Champions who were selected met the criteria outlined below. Community Champions received an email invitation to participate.
• Champions are connected to or represent a specific subset of the Richmond community through a community-based organization or key group (small business, advocacy group, etc.) • Champions have expertise in an area relevant to the types of projects that may result from the Green-Blue New Deal
• Champions are enthusiastic to collaborate on the Green-Blue New Deal • Champions have a demonstrated interest and commitment to inclusive and equitable outcomes for the Richmond community
Community Champions and their respective organizations are listed in the table below in alphabetical order of the organization:

Organization Name
1HundredYears Lejon Reese
CoBiz Richmond Wesley Alexander
Council of Business & Industry Katrinka Ruk
Food Bank of Contra Costa & Solano Karen Collins
GoToWork Fitness Evan Francis
Marin Clean Energy (MCE) JB (Jayme) Ackemann, Tyla Brown Re-entry Success Tiffany Anaya
Rebuilding Together East Bay Network Bethany Kaufman
Renaissance Center Nicole Levine
Rich City Rides Najari Smith, Jason Woody
Richmond Community Foundation Jim Becker
Cooperation Richmond Princess Robinson, Briana Sidney
Richmond Main St Initiative Andrea Portillo-Knowles
Richmond Neighborhood Coordinating Council James McGarry Richmond Progressive Alliance/Safe Return Project Marisol Cantu RichmondWORKS Tamara Walker
Rising Sun Center for Opportunity Juanita Douglas
Sims Metal Jill Rodby
Urban Ore Inc Dan Knapp, Mary Lou Van Deventer
Urban Tilth Arleide Santos
Watershed Project Juliana Gonzalez, Anne Bremirez

Community Champions were asked to participate in the following ways:

• Attend three (3) virtual meetings (2 hours in duration) with the Green-Blue New Deal (GBND) project team.
• Act in an advisory role to the GBND project team from October 2022 through June 2023. Help guide and refine the plan’s goals and strategies to ensure the plan is responsive to the interests and needs of the community.
• Support outreach efforts for engagement opportunities to ensure the GBND is reaching the right people and represents a range of voices from across the community.

Compensation
Community Champions’ time, expertise, and community involvement is incredibly valuable. To thank Champions for their time, they received a $100 stipend for each meeting attended.

Meeting Objectives
MIG facilitated three Community Champion meetings. The objectives for these meetings included:
• Meeting #1 (November 1, 2022): Facilitate introductions and relationship building for Community Champions and strategically map what expertise and connections Champions bring to the team. • Meeting #2 (January 11, 2023): Discuss possible projects to be implemented in Richmond based on Champions’ experiences, networks, and ongoing work within the community. Special presentation from Allison Moe with NREL on the Richmond Communities LEAP project. • Meeting #3 (April 13, 2023): Discuss high-level survey findings, a definition for green-blue jobs in Richmond, and staying involved as the project moves forward.

The project team recommends convening the Community Champions for an additional meeting in late summer or early fall 2023 to understand how the community findings are informing the RGBND Opportunities Report and Community Toolkit. Champions will be compensated for attending this fourth meeting.

Findings
In addition to facilitating CBO partnerships, promoting the community survey, and guiding the community outreach process, the Champions provided specific input in key discussions summarized below.

Strategic Mapping
Champions were asked to identify where their work aligns with elements of the Green-Blue New Deal so the project team could identify which Champions should be included in ongoing discussions and should be leveraged regarding specific projects. These elements included:
• Training and workforce development
• Demand for goods and services
• Policy
• Funding
• Energy
• Buildings
• Transportation
• Circular economy
• Food
• Nature

• Brownfields
This strategic mapping exercise was documented using the notetaking tool Mural and is available in Appendix A.

Potential Green-Blue Projects
Champions were asked to brainstorm in teams one or two possible projects for the Green-Blue New Deal and discuss the alignment needed in the following areas for a project to successfully move forward:
• Stakeholders – Who are the key players in the community? • Policy – What additional ordinance or resolution is needed to implement this project? • Funding – What funding is needed to implement this project? What funding might be available? • Training – What types of green-blue jobs would be generated? What training would be needed? • Demand – Is there demand already for this product or service? • Community – What are the outcomes and benefits for the community? • Timeline – What could be the timeframe for implementation/to kickstart this project? Champions were provided the opportunity to select their break-out room and come to a consensus on what potential project they would like to discuss. The three potential projects selected are listed below and the activity discussion for each is documented in Appendix A. • Full electrification of blighted housing in Richmond
• Senate Bill 1383 surplus food donations
• Upcycling thrift store donations
These are not the only projects that the Champions expressed interest in discussing but are the projects that were collectively selected for this activity.

Defining Green-Blue Jobs in Richmond
Many definitions exist for green jobs but none are specific to the Richmond community’s vision and needs. The Champions reviewed the following definitions which were extracted from other sources:
• Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) – “Green jobs are either: (A) Jobs in businesses that produce goods or provide services that benefit the environment or conserve natural resources, or (B) Jobs in which workers’ duties involve making their establishment’s production processes more environmentally friendly or use fewer natural resources.” (2010) • Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) – “Jobs are classified as green if at least 10% of tasks contribute to environmental objectives such as preserving the environment and reducing emissions.”
• ILO – “Decent jobs in any economic sector (e.g., agriculture, industry, services, administration) which contribute to preserving, restoring, and enhancing environmental quality.” • United Nations (UN) – “Jobs in sectors that contribute substantially to preserving or restoring environmental quality and minimize waste creation and pollution.” In reviewing these definitions, many Champions resonated most with the United Nations definition and provided additional feedback including:

• Language should be clear and specific to Richmond’s environmental goals. These goals should be ambitious, innovative, and bold with a focus on “deep green.” • Words and phrases such as “substantially,” “decent jobs,” and “jobs in sectors” are too broad. • Definition should be inclusive of various sectors not just focus on business and industry production activities traditionally associated with green jobs. • The worker experience including pay and job satisfaction should be clearly articulated. • It should be emphasized that green jobs will restore economic opportunities in Richmond and will create pathways for training and advancement to provide more equitable outcomes for residents. • A multi-part definition could be considered to clearly define green-blue jobs and articulate what Richmond needs.

The original notes from this discussion were documented in the notetaking tool Mural and are included in Appendix A.

Project Logo
Champions were polled during Meeting #1 to indicate which project logo they felt best represented the Richmond Green-Blue New Deal. Fourteen (14) Champions voted in total and the most support was received for Option 2 (57%).

21%
57%
7%
14%
Which logo do you like most to represent this project?
Select 1 choice.

Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4
Option 1:

Option 2:

Option 3:

Option 4:

Community-Based Organization Partners
Partnership Overview
Community-based organizations (CBOs) working in and serving the Richmond community were invited to partner with the Richmond Green-Blue New Deal project by facilitating outreach activities and events between January and mid-March 2023. This approach was used to leverage the existing networks and trusted relationships that CBOs have with the Richmond community, and to reach populations that have been historically excluded from decision-making processes, including community members who are low- income; Black Indigenous or People of Color (BIPOC); or formerly incarcerated. Outreach activities included roadshow presentations, pop-up/tabling events, and social media/email communications to share more about the project, collect community input, and encourage participants to complete the community survey. To thank CBOs for their time and efforts, partners received a stipend of up to $1,000.

The project team compiled a list of CBOs to invite and asked the City of Richmond and Community Champions for additional recommendations. In late November and early December of 2022, CBOs were invited via email to participate in the partnership and were provided with a project description and partnership agreement. The partnership agreement detailed expectations, outreach activity options, and stipend amounts and is available in Appendix B. CBOs were provided the option to schedule an informational meeting with the project team to learn more about the project and help determine whether the partnership opportunity would be a good fit for the CBO. The project team hosted six (6) informational meetings throughout December 2022.

CBO partners were provided with all outreach materials including a roadshow PowerPoint presentation, a project fact sheet, survey social media flyer, editable event flyer, and paper survey in a live folder accessible with a link and password. These materials were also provided in Spanish. An outreach and materials guide was developed to provide partners with guidelines and recommendations for how to use the materials and tips for facilitating outreach activities. Partners were invited to attend an optional CBO Partner Orientation where the project team shared an overview of the project and provided a walkthrough of the outreach materials. Ample time was provided for Q&A and a recording of the orientation was uploaded to the live folder for partners to access later as needed.

Once CBO partners provided their organization’s signed W-9 and a signed partnership agreement indicating what outreach activities they planned to facilitate, a check for 50% of the stipend was processed. A second check for 50% of the remaining stipend was processed following completion of all outreach activities and after the CBO submitted a completed Reporting Guide available in Appendix B.

Partners
Seven (7) community-based organizations participated as CBO partners:
• YES Nature to Neighborhoods
• Collaborising
• The Watershed Project
• Rubicon Programs
• Rich City Rides
• Richmond Community Foundation
• CoBiz Richmond

Additionally, the Trust for Public Land and Diana Wear with the Richmond Economic Development Commission facilitated outreach but did not enter into a formal agreement to receive a stipend and therefore did not complete a reporting guide.

Reporting guides were received from six (6) CBO partners.

Findings
CBO partners shared that community members requested updates about the project and wanted to know when they can expect to be engaged again. Community members would also like to see the survey results and findings when they are available.

As captured in the reports received, CBO partners engaged an estimated 2,500 community members through outreach activities and online communications. Community members were engaged in English and Spanish. These outreach activities and online communications include:
• 1 roadshow presentation
• 5 pop-up/tabling events
• 1,143 email opens
• 1,141 social media post views, likes, comments, and reshares CBO partners engaged other organizations, online communities, and contacts through online communications including Faith in Action East Bay, Black Village Network, Richmond LAND, Councilmember Melvin Willis, SOS Richmond, This is Richmond, Everybody’s Richmond, and NextDoor.

Those who participated in the roadshow presentation were asked which green-blue job definitions resonated with them most. These definitions included:

1. Jobs that preserve and enhance the environment for the benefit of current and future generations

2. Jobs that provide meaningful work decarbonizing, retrofitting, upcycling and restoring healthy systems

3. Jobs that center workers and transform the economy from extractive to regenerative systems

4. Jobs centering workers and transforming the economy from extractive to healthy regenerative systems that build a just, equitable, resilient and sustainable future Definition 4 of green-blue jobs resonated with most participants with the request that “extractive” be clearly defined or conveyed in more simple language.

Participants were also asked which green-blue case studies stood out to them as good opportunities for Richmond. The following case studies received the most votes and are combined with votes from the workshops Safe Return Project hosted:

Projects Votes
Green accessory dwelling units/additions 17
All electric building retrofits 16
Solar manufacturing 13
Delivering surplus prepared food 13
Battery manufacturing 11
Upcycling thrift store donations 8
Vertical farming 4
Endangered species restoration 4
Redesigned public spaces 3
Upcycling dead or dying trees 3
Building deconstruction 3
Protected bike lanes 1
Wildlife rehabilitation 1
Refillable bottles 1
Restoring shoreline 1
Wind turbine manufacturing 1

Stakeholder Workshops
Purpose
Two stakeholder workshops were facilitated to engage with specific stakeholders whose input is vital in shaping the Green-Blue New Deal plan and who will be important partners in implementing the plan.

Business and Industry Stakeholders
The Council of Business & Industries and the Richmond Chamber of Commerce were engaged to facilitate a workshop for their members. The workshop included an overview of the project with Q&A and a facilitated activity regarding the elements of offshore wind.

Participants included:
• Katrinka Ruk, Council of Business & Industry
• Ryan Lau, AC Transit
• Scott Buckley, Ghirardelli Associates
• Wesley Alexander, CoBiz
• James Lee, Richmond Chamber of Commerce
• Sal Vaca, Friends of the Port
• Cordell Hindler, Park Plaza Neighborhood Council
• Hakim Johnson, Chevron Richmond Refinery
Participants shared priorities and considerations for the plan including:
• Trades training programs should be made available in high schools and community colleges to introduce students to high-road jobs such as automotive work for fuel cell vehicles. • Training focused on project proposal and bidding is needed for local and disadvantaged contractors to help them be more competitive.
• The plan should include equitable hiring policies and indicate hiring preferences for local Richmond residents and justice-involved candidates.
• Youth perspectives should be highlighted in this plan and in workforce development planning in Richmond. Youth are the future of the workforce.

Union and Trades Stakeholders
The Contra Costa Building & Construction Trades Council was engaged to facilitate a workshop for their members. The workshop included an overview of the project with Q&A, a presentation from Allison Moe with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) regarding the Communities LEAP Project, and a discussion about union priorities and concerns.

Participants included:
• EJ Cire, Sheet Metal Workers' Local 104
• Anthony Viscuso, Heat & Frost Insulators Local 16
• Dominic Lucero, Boilermakers Local 549
• Jason Lindsey, Ironworkers Local 378
• Rachel Shoemake, IBEW LU 302
• Felipe Hernandez Rios, UA Local 355

• Rik Drury, Sprinklerfitters Local 483
• Chuck Leonard, Plumbers and Steamfitters Local 342
• Tim Frank, consultant with Contra Costa Building Trades Participants shared priorities and considerations for the plan including:
• There should be coordination and partnership between the City and unions to ensure Richmond is applying for available grant funding and submitting competitive applications. Participants expressed enthusiasm for supporting efforts to obtain grant funding. • Training is key to ensuring cost savings and that green improvements are installed and commissioned properly. Union apprenticeship and training programs are the most comprehensive and up-to-date on technological advancements. It is important that these training opportunities are promoted to residents and workers and encouraged as career opportunities to students. • Labor standards should be attached to funding, for example, regarding the Inflation Reduction Act which rewards contractors with tax credits for meeting labor standards. This helps ensure that regardless of whether the contractor works with unions, local hire and labor standards are being met and workers have received high-quality training.
• Training programs should engage and be inclusive of workers with diverse backgrounds including women, people of color, and formerly incarcerated residents. Participants emphasized that unions are well-positioned to support equity goals in the plan because unions provide training and high- road jobs to people from all walks of life, including people of color, people who are low-income, and people who were formerly incarcerated.
• It is important to consider how sustainable improvements such as electrification can have unintended cost consequences for low-income households. Rebates, tax incentives, and subsidies should be leveraged so a low-income household receiving electrification upgrades does not end up with a higher energy bill.

Participants were asked to complete an exit survey following the workshop. Participants indicated they are most interested in pursuing the following green-blue projects:
• Electrification/decarbonization
o New and existing construction
o Transportation
• Alternative energy technologies
o Offshore wind
o Solar
o Hydrogen
o Carbon capture
o Geothermal

Survey
Overview
A public survey was developed to gather insights from the community about their vision and goals for the City of Richmond and the Green-Blue New Deal plan. The survey served as an educational tool and collected data from residents and community members to inform key recommendations in the plan and next outreach steps. The survey was not designed or conducted to yield statistically valid results.

Design
The survey included eight (8) questions related to the Green-Blue New Deal plan, 10 demographic questions, six (6) contact information questions for receiving more information, and one (1) question about the Green-Blue New Deal logo. All questions in the survey were optional. The eight (8) questions related to the plan included checkbox questions with a limit of how many options respondents could select and open-ended written response questions. The results for checkbox questions may exceed 100% because respondents were allowed to choose multiple options. The six (6) contact information questions will be submitted to Appraccel and the City of Richmond separately so these community members can stay engaged as development and implementation of the plan moves forward.

The survey was available in English and Spanish. A full version of the survey was available online using the survey platform Alchemer and a condensed version of the survey was available as a double-sided one- page paper survey. Both survey versions are available in Appendix C. Paper surveys helped ensure that community members who may not be connected to the City virtually were still provided with the opportunity to share their input. Paper surveys were also used by partners to survey community members during outreach activities including workshops and tabling events.

During survey question development, the survey underwent review and edits by City staff. In this process, the focus of some survey questions expanded beyond the scope of the Green Blue New Deal project. For this community findings report, we focus on the survey questions and responses that are directly relevant to the GBND. The responses to questions that were expanded emphasize respondents’ concerns regarding meeting immediate basic needs such as food, housing, health care and mental health and a desire to expand the community safety net.

The survey was drafted to use plain language. During revisions, some language was changed to more closely align with wording in the City Resolution and Climate Action Plan. Some stakeholders provided feedback that the survey language was not accessible to all community members and recommended that it be written at or below an 8th grade reading level.

Promotion
The survey was promoted by several supporters of the plan, including Community Champions, CBO partners, and Groundwork Richmond, a local CBO and sub-consultant on the project. Groundwork Richmond committed to collecting 100 surveys at their events during the community outreach period. A link to the survey was also promoted in the City Manager’s Weekly Report a few times.

Response Statistics
The survey was open from January 10, 2023 through March 20, 2023. Community Champions were invited to complete the survey and share their feedback on the user experience during December 2022, before the survey formally opened in January 2023. The goal stated in the Engagement Plan was to collect

at least 100 survey responses. In total, 431 responses were received to the survey. These responses can further be broken down into:
• Response Type
o Complete: 405 (94%)
o Partial: 26 (6%)
• Response Form
o Online: 320 (74%)
o Paper: 111 (26%)
• Response Language
o English: 387 (89.8%)
o Spanish: 44 (10.2%)
It is important to note that most Spanish surveys were received in paper form as they were gathered during outreach efforts along Richmond’s 23rd Street commercial district.

Findings
This section includes high-level findings from each survey question. The raw survey data is available in Appendix D. These findings reflect the perspectives, priorities, and concerns of those who completed the survey and should be considered as community insights rather than representative of all Richmond residents. As noted in the report, several questions were expanded beyond the focus of the Green-Blue New Deal and provide insight into the broader interests and concerns of Richmond residents.

1. What environmental or health concerns do you have living or working in Richmond? Select your top 3 choices.

Respondents identified air quality (69%) as their top environmental and health concern living and working in Richmond. This concern was followed by blight and deterioration (46%), insufficient access to healthy food options (37%), and need for more trees (31%).

A disaggregated analysis of responses by race shows broad overlap in responses. Respondents were grouped into two groups: 1) white alone, and 2) races other than white or multi-racial. Further disaggregation was not possible due to the small sample size. Both groups identified air quality as a top concern, with more than 60% of respondents in both groups selecting this option. Respondents who identified as white alone were more likely to identify blight and deterioration as a problem (53%) than were respondents of other races or who were multiracial (39%).

Total Responses: 415/431

11%
13%
15%
20%
20%
23%
31%
37%
46%
69%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Other - Write In (Required)
Need for more local agriculture
Energy inefficient buildings and facilities
Insufficient infrastructure connectivity
Soil contamination
Water quality
Need for more trees
Insufficient access to healthy food options
Blight and deterioration
Air quality

1. What environmental or health concerns do you have living or working in Richmond? Select your top 3 choices.

2. Which of the following environmental projects are most important for you? Select your top 3 choices.

Respondents indicated that projects that improve access to healthy food options (48%), projects that restore the natural environment (47%), and projects that support small, locally owned businesses (44%) are the types of environmental projects which are most important to them.

A disaggregated analysis of responses by race shows broad overlap in responses. Respondents were placed into two groups: 1) white alone, and 2) races other than white or multi-racial. Further disaggregation was not possible due to the small samle size. Responses reflected similar choices in both the white alone group and the races other than white and multiracial group (less than a 10% difference). The two responses with greater than a 10% difference were improving access to healthy food choices (37% white alone, 51% races other than white and multi-racial), and increasing access to and use of renewable energy (35% and 23% respectively).

In the survey, examples were included in parentheses with each of these statements to provide more context but have been removed for ease of depicting the data in the chart below.

Total Responses: 409/431

8%
21%
25%
25%
28%
36%
44%
47%
48%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Other (Write-in response)
Projects that provide energy efficient buildings and facilities Projects that increase water conservation
Projects that build a zero waste and circular economy
Projects that increase generation and use of renewable energy Projects that improve sustainable transportation and land use Projects that support small, locally owned businesses
Projects that restore the natural environment
Projects that improve access to healthy food options

2. Which of the following environmental projects are most important for you? Select your top 3 choices. Examples are included in parentheses.

3. Which of the following implementation objectives should this effort prioritize? Select your top 3 choices.

Respondents indicated that this effort should prioritize access to health care and mental health services (47%), local job opportunities that build wealth and provide family-sustaining wages for workers (42%), and improve the affordability of housing and reduce operating expenses (39%).

Access to health care and mental health services is an important area of concern for respondents, which, while not an area directly targeted by the Green-Blue New Deal, provides insight for local policy makers on constituents’ needs.

Total Responses: 404/431

6%
13%
15%
30%
31%
33%
34%
39%
42%
47%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Other (Write-in response)
Supporting justice-involved residents with job opportunities and training Reliable and affordable transportation options
Job training for underemployed and unemployed community members Public safety including addressing criminal activity and blight Food security and access to healthy food options
Improving air and water quality
Improving affordability of housing and reducing operating expenses Local job opportunities that build wealth and provide family-sustaining wages… Access to health care and mental health services

3. Which of the following implementation objectives should this effort prioritize? Select your top 3 choices.

4. What types of job opportunities are most needed in Richmond? Select all that apply.

Respondents indicated that education and higher education job opportunities (64%) are most needed in Richmond. This was followed by job opportunities in entrepreneurship (47%), engineering/tech (40%), doctors/dentists/nurses (40%), and training (37%).

For respondents who included “Other” as a response, several indicated that trades and union jobs with paid training and apprenticeship are most needed in Richmond.

Total Responses: 397/431

12%
17%
27%
28%
29%
37%
40%
40%
47%
64%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Other - Write In (Required)
Hospitality
Manufacturing/Industrial
Finance/Investment
Food services
Training
Doctors/Dentists/Nurses
Engineering/Tech
Entrepreneurship
Education/Higher Education

4. What types of job opportunities are most needed in Richmond? Select all that apply.

5. Are there any particular green jobs topics or projects you would like to learn more about? Participants were most interested in learning more about:
• Renewable energy sources including solar energy and wind energy • Restoring the natural environment and cleaning up contaminated land • Training opportunities for youth, students, and those with less work experience Total Responses: 86/431
*Question 5 was not included in the paper survey.

6. What types of talents and skills do you have for which you would like new job opportunities? Select your top 3 choices.

Respondents indicated that they are most interested in new job opportunities that require communication skills (47%). This was followed by problem-solving skills (38%), leadership/management skills (37%), creative/artistic skills (30%), and relationship building skills (28%). The top talents and skills indicate there is a strong interest in job opportunities requiring soft skills.

Total Responses: 339/431

11%
15%
16%
17%
19%
28%
30%
37%
38%
47%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
Other (Write-in response)
Quantitative skills (finances, accounting, engineering) Technical skills (coding, technology)
Focused, detail-oriented (logistics)
Construction and repair skills
Relationship building skills
Creative skills (artistic)
Leadership skills (management)
Problem-solving skills
Communication skills (writing, speaking)

6. What types of talents and skills do you have for which you would like new job opportunities? Select your top 3 choices.

7. What does a Green-Blue Richmond in 2030 look like to you? How do you envision a Green-Blue Richmond in 2030?
Participants’ visions for a Green-Blue Richmond in 2030 included:
• A healthy and clean community where residents feel safe and take pride in Richmond • A local economy that has transitioned to environmentally sustainable industries and jobs • More local jobs with higher wages for Richmond residents that have accessible training opportunities
• Support for existing and new small businesses and entrepreneurs • More affordable housing and housing solutions for all, including unhoused residents • Thoughtfully planned, reliable, and accessible public transportation • Nature restoration and more green space and parks for community to gather • Access to healthy, fresh food options and elimination of food deserts Total Responses: 160/431
*Question 7 was not included in the paper survey.

8. What questions or concerns should be considered 1) during the development of the Plan and 2) during the implementation of the Richmond Green-Blue New Deal Workforce Development Plan? Participant questions and concerns about the Green-Blue New Deal development and implementation of the plan included:
• How will the Green-Blue New Deal benefit Richmond residents that need the most support? These communities include historically underserved and underinvested communities, BIPOC communities, formerly incarcerated community, and unhoused community. • Ensuring sustainable, long-term benefits for Richmond residents including health, employment, and housing stability.
• Implementation logistics
o Who will implement the workforce development plan and what are their qualifications? o Where is funding for the plan coming from?
o Who will make funding decisions related to the plan?
o Are decisions data-driven and evidence-based?
o How will updates and progress be communicated to the community? o What outcomes and metrics are being used to measure impact? o How do these outcomes and metrics prioritize the environment and local workers? • The community would like to continue to be updated on progress during implementation and be able to provide input that will be incorporated on an ongoing basis. It is important to engage with community members through strategies and networks beyond standard City communications that allow for robust discussion and engagement.
• The plan should be inclusive of all Richmond residents and ensure all voices are heard. • Understanding and acting to mitigate the potential for gentrification and displacement resulting from green-blue economic development.

Total Responses: 187/431

9. Which of the following best describes you? Select all that apply.

Most respondents live in Richmond (75%) and nearly a third work in Richmond (28%).

Total Responses: 409/431

10. How long have you lived or worked in Richmond?
Most respondents have lived or worked in Richmond for 11 years or more (61%) trailed by 6-10 years (18%) and 1-5 years (16%), indicating that most respondents reached are long-term Richmond residents.

Total Responses: 281/431
*Question 10 was not included in the paper survey.

2%
12%
19%
28%
75%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
None of the above
I own a business or property in the City of Richmond
I live in a neighboring city or community
I work in the City of Richmond
I live in the City of Richmond

9. Which of the following best describes you? Select all that apply. 2%
4%
16%
18%
61%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Less than 1 year
I do not live or work in Richmond
1-5 years
6-10 years
11+ years

10. How long have you lived or worked in Richmond?

11. What neighborhood do you live in? What are the landmarks or streets that define your neighborhood? The most common neighborhoods respondents live in included:
• North and East (22)
• East Richmond (19)
• Marina Bay (13)
• Hilltop (10)
• Point Richmond (10)
• Panhandle Annex (10)
• Richmond Annex (9)
• Brickyard Cove/Landing (8)
• Iron Triangle (8)
• El Sobrante (7)
• May Valley (6)
The other responses included specific landmarks or cross streets.

Total Responses: 230/431
*Question 11 was not included in the paper survey.

12. What is your work or employment status? Check all that apply.

Respondents who selected “Other” indicated they were employed part-time or self-employed.

Total Responses: 278/431
*Question 12 was not included in the paper survey.

0%
1%
2%
4%
5%
5%
7%
29%
63%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Not able to work
Unemployed - Not looking for work
Unemployed - Looking for work
Homemaker
Student
Other (Write-in response)
Parent or caregiver
Retired
Employed

12. What is your work or employment status?
Check all that apply.

13. What is your household’s annual income?
Respondents reported a variety of income levels with the top responses being $100,000-$149,000 (22%).

A significant number of respondents preferred not to answer (19%).

Total Responses: 274/431
*Question 13 was not included in the paper survey.

14. My age is:

Respondents reported a variety of ages with a nearly even response rate between 25-34 (16%), 35-44 (18%), 45-54 (18%), and 65-74 (17%).

Total Responses: 403/431

1% 4%
10%
14%
14%
22%
16%
19%

13. What is your household’s annual income?
Under $9,999
$10,000-$24,999
$25,000-$49,999
$50,000-$74,999
$75,000-$99,999
$100,000-$149,999
Over $150,000
I prefer not to answer
3%
7%
16%
18%
18%
11%
17%
7% 5%

14. My age is:
17 and under 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 Over 75 I prefer not to answer

15. Which of the following most accurately describes your race and ethnic identities? Check all that apply.

Respondents reported a variety of race and ethnic identities. White and European respondents (41%) followed by Hispanic or Latino/x respondents (29%), and Black or African American respondents (18%).

With the exception of the Hispanic or Latino/x respondents, respondent race and ethnic identities are within 10% of the racial demographics reported by the U.S. Census Bureau.2 The “I self-identify as” option was a written response option for respondents interested in identifying their race or ethnicity.

Total Responses: 399/431

16. What gender do you identify as? Check all that apply.

Most respondents identified as women (64%).

Total Responses: 401/431

2 www.census.gov/quickfacts/richmondcitycalifornia
0%
2%
3%
3%
4%
5%
8%
18%
29%
41%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
Alaskan Native
Middle Eastern/North African
Pacific Islander
I self-identify as:

First Nation/American Indian/Indigenous
Asian/South Asian or Asian American
I prefer not to answer
Black or African American
Hispanic or Latino/x
White/European American

15. Which of the following most accurately describes your race and ethnic identities? Check all that apply.
0%
0%
2%
5%
30%
64%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Transgender
I self-identify as:

Non-binary
I prefer not to answer
Man
Woman

16. What gender do you identify as? Check all that apply.

17. Which of the following describes you? Check all that apply.

Six percent of respondents indicated they were formerly incarcerated with 4% serving time in jail and 2% serving time in prison. Respondents who selected “Other” indicated they had family members (parents or children) who have been systems impacted or they had been arrested with charges dropped.

Total Responses: 345/431

18. If you have a conviction history, has it prevented you from accessing a livable wage job? Thirteen percent of respondents indicated that this question applied to them and of that percentage 12% (29 respondents) indicated their conviction history has not prevented them from accessing a livable wage job and 1% (3 respondents) indicated it has prevented them from accessing a livable wage job.

Total Responses: 244/431

4%
2%
1%
2%
93%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Formerly incarcerated – served time in jail
Formerly incarcerated – served time in prison
Currently on any post-incarceration supervision (parole, probation, federal probation, or other)
Other (Write-in response)
None of the above

17. Which of the following describes you? Check all that apply. 1%
12%
87%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Yes
No
Does not apply

18. If you have a conviction history, has it prevented you from accessing a livable wage job?

25. All aspects of the Richmond Green-Blue New Deal will represent the vision of the community. Which logo do you like most to represent this project? Select 1 choice.

The majority of respondents indicated support for logo option 2 (31%) and logo option 4 (32%). Together, option 2 and option 4 garnered 63% of votes.

Total Responses: 227/431
*Question 25 was not included in the paper survey.

23%
31%14%
32%
Which logo do you like most to represent this project?
Select 1 choice.

Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4
Option 1:

Option 2:

Option 3:

Option 4:

Appendix
• Appendix A - Community Champions Meeting Activities
• Appendix B - CBO Partner Materials and Documents
• Appendix C - Online and Paper Surveys
• Appendix D - Survey response data (Excel sheet)

Insights About the Future Green-Blue Economy
from Justice-Involved Richmond Residents

Submitted to the City of Richmond City Manager’s Office May 18, 2023

Prepared by:

Richmond Green-Blue New Deal Workforce Development Plan https://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/4138/Green-Blue-New-Deal-and-Just-Transition

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 1 Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 1 What is Safe Return? ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 2 Workshop Goal................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 3 Methodology ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 3 Findings ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 3 Recommendations ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 7 Conclusion ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 8

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Insights About the Future Green-Blue Economy
from Justice-Involved Richmond Residents

Executive Summary
In a competitive labor market, we cannot afford to exclude people who are willing and able to work.

Many formerly incarcerated individuals who have served their debt to society would like to work to support themselves and their families. Local non-profits like Safe Return Project understand the challenges they face as they seek to secure employment.

At the same time, the work of designing and building a just, equitable, resilient, and sustainable future needs people. Transforming our energy systems, buildings, transportation systems, materials economy, and food system as well as restoring nature and redeveloping brownfields will require a variety of skills and talents.

Anticipating these current and upcoming projects, Safe Return Project led three workshops with thirty (30) justice-involved individuals in fall 2022 to understand the skills they offer, their interests, the challenges they face, and gather their insights about the future green-blue economy. Facilitators heard about participants’ skills in management, entrepreneurship, administration, communications, construction, and the arts. Attendees shared information about their interests in projects such as all- electric building retrofits, rescuing surplus prepared food, solar panel manufacturing, battery manufacturing, and upcycling thrift store donations. The findings in this report shine a spotlight on the resources needed to help justice-involved individuals reintegrate into the economy and reduce the number of people caught in the cycle of recidivism and reincarceration.

Introduction
Building the green-blue economy of the future will require battalions of new workers. With California’s low unemployment rate, 4.4% in March 2023, we cannot afford to pass over anyone who is ready and willing to work.

Annually, about 35,000 people are released from the state’s prisons and of the 350,000 people booked into jails each year, most are released within a few months.1 They face numerous barriers to reintegrate into society and the work world: fulfilling court obligations; satisfying probation/parole officer meetings; opening a bank account; applying for social services; securing housing; finding transportation; obtaining a driver’s license with the Department of Motor Vehicles; passing a General Educational Development (GED) test; obtaining services for physical and mental health; and finding and keeping employment.

Even obtaining Social Security cards, birth certificates, and training and education certifications—all of which are vital building blocks to stabilization— often prove difficult. Fortunately, there are non-profit organizations working on their behalf.

1 California Health Care Foundation. “From Corrections to Community: Reentry Health Care.” July 1, 2022, https://www.chcf.org/project/corrections-community-reentry-health-care, Date of Access May 18, 2023.

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What is Safe Return?
Safe Return Project lifts up those who have been negatively impacted by criminalization and inequity.

With the goal of developing the capacity for the formerly incarcerated to take the lead on issues that impact them, Safe Return instills a sense of agency. Since its inception, Safe Return has focused on hiring formerly incarcerated people to engage in participatory action research, community organizing, and policy advocacy on issues impacting individuals returning from jail and prison.

People with past convictions who have served their sentences face 4,800 restrictions on participating fully in society.2 These collateral consequences are imposed long after completion of a sentence, reinforcing the idea that individuals with past convictions have forfeited their rights to equity, equal opportunity, and full citizenship.

Safe Return Project plays a key role in the community by advocating for policy changes that will ensure that people who have been criminalized do not face roadblocks to employment and success.

Some of the barriers and challenges the
justice-involved community faces are
internal. Safe Return Project’s peer support
environment holds space for people
processing the aftermath of incarceration
and helps navigate shared challenges. The
non-profit understands how to hold this
community with compassion and care in a
culturally competent way that helps them
move forward.

Since Safe Return Project prioritizes the
internal hiring of formerly incarcerated and
systems-impacted individuals, the non-
profit serves as a model for employment.

When staff hear of vacancies outside of the
organization, they reach into their network
of partners to find qualified candidates. This is how Safe Return Project has become a pipeline of talent and grown the number of formerly incarcerated workers with strong skill sets in supervisory roles, office management, communications, organizational development and more.

Looking externally, Safe Return Project also provides consulting services to employers who see the value of second chance hiring. The set of challenges facing justice-involved individuals can be great but the rewards to employers more than make up for the challenges. Safe Return Project serves as a partner and consultant to help second chance employers support the success of their employees in the workplace.

2 Californians for Safety and Justice. “Repairing the Road to Redemption in California.” September 2018, https://safeandjust.org/interactivereport/repairing-the-road-to-redemption-in-california, accessed May 12, 2023.

Workshop #1 – Sept. 26, 2022

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Workshop Goal
The goal of Safe Return Project’s portion of the Richmond Green-Blue New Deal project was to conduct workshops with a network of formerly incarcerated and convicted individuals and their families to better understand the community’s potential interest in green-blue jobs, their skill sets, and resources needed. Information gathered will guide the development of the three main reports for the Richmond Green-Blue New Deal: the Green-Blue New Deal Opportunities Report, Implementation Plan, and the Community Toolkit.

Methodology
To encourage participation in one of the three workshops, in fall 2022, Safe Return Project staff spent eight weeks conducting outreach within their network of formerly incarcerated and convicted individuals and their families. The project goal of engaging with and learning from 30 attendees was fulfilled:
● 11 attendees at workshop #1 on Sept. 26, 2022
● 13 attendees at workshop #2 on Oct. 3, 2022
● 6 attendees at workshop #3 on Oct. 10, 2022
These 2½ hour workshops introduced the federal Green New Deal, shared several case studies, polled the level of interest in 15 green-blue job projects, and led a discussion about economic opportunities, upward mobility, skills, needs, and challenges.

Evaluations were completed after each
workshop by soliciting feedback on content and
desired engagement in the project moving
forward. Each of the 30 attendees received a
$50 gift card for their time.

Findings
Participants generously shared their stories and
insights. Besides learning about attendees’ skill
sets and green-blue job preferences, workshop
facilitators also heard about what participants
consider a “good job” and a “living wage,” and
the support they need to reintegrate into the
working world.

Skills
When asked about their skill sets, the top 10 skills or trades participants identified over the course of the three workshops included:

1. Management

2. Entrepreneurial

3. Electrical

4. Carpentry

Workshop #2 – Oct. 3, 2022

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5. Painting

6. Hospitality

7. Research

8. Customer service

9. Artistic

10. Healing
All 10 of these skills or trades would be useful in some capacity for the green-blue projects that were described in the workshop. The more detailed list of skills or trades attendees identified included:

1. Driving

2. Teaching/educating

3. Marketing

4. Entrepreneurial

5. Healing

6. Cooking /cooking instructor

7. Cosmetology

8. Patience

9. Facility maintenance

10. Electrical

11. Carpentry

12. Creation of beauty products

13. Health worker

14. Mental health services

15. Yoga, Zumba, body work
instructor

16. Communications

17. Active listening

18. Fast learner

19. Home improvement

20. Caregiving

21. Networking

22. Horticulture

23. Problem solving

24. Motivational speaking

25. Mentoring

26. Gardening

27. Critical thinking skills

28. Community advocacy

29. Community engagement

30. Jewelry making

31. Writing and editing

32. Fundraising

33. Accounting

34. Hospitality

35. E-commerce

36. Crafting

Workshop #3 – Oct. 10, 2022

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37. Fitness and nutrition

38. Organizing

39. Conservation

40. Frontline work

41. Coordination

42. Motivation

43. Leadership

44. Self-discipline

45. Research

46. Empathy

47. Creative thinking

48. Managing people

This wide variety of skills and trades could be applied to future work building a just, equitable, resilient, and sustainable future.

Preferred Green-Blue Projects
To understand which green-blue jobs projects participants were most interested in, workshop facilitators presented an overview of the following 15 projects.

1. Battery manufacturing

2. Solar panel manufacturing

3. Wind turbine manufacturing

4. All-electric building retrofits

5. Green accessory dwelling units construction

6. Building deconstruction

7. Redesigning public spaces

8. Protected bike lanes

9. Upcycling dead and diseased trees

10. Upcycling thrift store donations

11. Refillable bottles

12. Vertical farming

13. Rescuing surplus prepared food

14. Shoreline restoration

15. Wildlife restoration

Participants were asked to vote for their top three areas of interest. The following five projects received 10 or more votes.
• All-electric building retrofits (21)
• Rescuing surplus prepared food (19)
• Solar panel manufacturing (13)
• Battery manufacturing (10)
• Upcycling thrift store donations (10)

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When asked what skills employers were looking for in the current job market, participants highlighted:
• Construction
• Administration
• Hospitality
Participants shared the qualities they believe employers are looking for: reliability, honesty, sociability, and professional people with good attitudes toward training. While most workshop attendees were curious about which green-blue employers were hiring, a few members of each group expressed their entrepreneurial spirit and professed to wanting to start their own business.

Defining a good job and a living wage
When asked to describe a “good job,” participants stated that good jobs shouldn’t be stressful, should provide a living wage, come with benefits like retirement and quality healthcare, and offer opportunities for advancement. Across all three workshops, participants expressed that they felt good jobs should be available in the communities where they live.

These workshops helped us learn what the term “living wage” meant to participants and how earning a living wage would affect them. A living wage means “being able to pay bills and have something leftover.” This would allow them “to live their lives the way they want instead of paycheck-to- paycheck.”
Participants felt that a living wage meant making enough to cover their current costs of living. Earning more would afford them financial security to stop worrying about getting old; reduce stress about bills; care for their families; and give back to their communities.

One person specifically stated that they thought a living wage would be greater than $25/hour. The general sentiment was that securing employment with a living wage post-incarceration clearly would be life changing but that they face many barriers before they can secure stable employment.

Reintegration challenges
During the workshops, several different challenges to reintegration were identified including housing, transportation, conviction history, lack of resources, and family reunification. Specifically, participants could be facing challenges such as:
• court obligations,
• probation/parole officer meetings,
• securing a driver’s license
• opening a bank account,
• applying for social services,
• housing/landlords,
• securing reliable transportation,
• completing a GED,
• securing documentation needed to apply for a job,
• identifying services for physical and mental health, and

7 | P a g e

• finding and keeping employment.

Support to navigate these obstacles would help justice-involved individuals succeed.

Employer concerns about hiring justice-involved individuals Workshop attendees shared that in addition to the challenges listed above, they also face employers’ opinions and fears. These often-unspoken concerns can block individuals from joining the workforce, regardless of their qualifications. Furthermore, insurance liabilities and background checks can exclude individuals from jobs that match their skills and experience.

In light of these factors, workshop facilitators asked participants why they think employers are afraid to hire them and what they can do to de-stigmatize employers’ minds. Participants believe that employers are misinformed and base many of their decisions on stereotypes that paint formerly convicted individuals as dangerous, untrustworthy, a threat to society, and not worth the risk.

Despite these challenges, participants felt that they could change minds and practices by:
● showcasing their skills and positive attributes,
● showing hiring managers studies and data explaining justice-involved individuals are more of a perceived liability than an actual risk,
● educating them on the excessive economic impacts of having a conviction, and ● eliminating background checks for most professions.

Support requested
During each of the workshops, participants identified the types of support that would help them prepare to enter the job market, ranging from opportunities to further their education, more skilled labor training in schools, jails, and prisons, as well as access to technology, reliable transportation, and soft skill development.

When asked what kind of assistance was needed for participants to overcome these challenges, 16 sources of support were identified. Participants stated that job training, pre- and post-release job placement programs, policies that reduce barriers to housing and jobs, trauma-informed services, and community support would be helpful.

Recommendations
As a result of information collected at the Safe Return Project workshops, organizers offer a set of recommendations for integrating justice-involved people into the green-blue economy. To support justice-involved individuals, the following would be valuable:
● Job training - pre-release
● Paid job training – post-release
● Work readiness support
● Trauma-informed services

8 | P a g e

● Creation of job centers
● Post-incarceration job placement assistance
● Employment education fairs
● Green-blue jobs notification system
● Re-entry retention services
For aspiring entrepreneurs:
● Cohorts of entrepreneurs to support each other while
developing business plans, identifying funding, and
working on other aspects of launching a business
For employers:
• Training that guides recruitment and screening
conversations with formerly incarcerated individuals
who have hard and soft skills that match employers’
hiring needs. (See the Fair Chance Corporate Cohort
case study in the sidebar.)
For government:
• Create a Fair Chance Advisory Committee
Evaluation comments
At the end of each workshop, attendees filled out an
evaluation form. A sample of the overwhelmingly positive comments received include:
• “Overall, it was very informative and provided a lot of info that will be positive for the future.” • “I’m an introvert. These ladies made it easy to speak out and engage. Thank you.” • “Finally found an organization that cares about the community I want to be a part of.” • “Very informative, super kind and know their topics.” • “Hearing how important a Green New Deal is and the numerous types of jobs available.” • “Amazing, inspiring, exciting conversation.”
• “Everything was presented clearly.”
• “I felt a really good vibe. I didn’t feel shy.”
Conclusion
To reduce the number of people stuck in the cycle of recidivism and reincarceration, jobs are the offramp from the justice system. Given the workshop participants’ interest in the Green New Deal, green-blue jobs could provide them with not just a way to support themselves but also work that is meaningful to them.

Thirty workshop participants shared information about their skill and talents, preferences, the barriers they face, and the resources they need to reintegrate into society. The green-blue projects that Fair Chance Corporate Cohort
Training
Jobs for the Future hosts the Fair
Chance Corporate Cohort which was
designed for Human Resource and
Operations professionals within
companies looking to build inclusive,
competitive, and thriving
workplaces. The cohort model
guides a small group of companies
through a several week training and
coaching process that prepares
participants to actively embrace and
adopt a Fair Chance Employment
program. Participants learn how to
assess their company’s current state
of employment practices, debunk
common myths about fair chance
employment and create a
customized implementation plan for
their companies.

The group gathers virtually to
participate in lessons with experts in
employment law, Human Resources,
change management, those with
lived experience and more.

9 | P a g e

intrigued attendees most included building electrification, manufacturing of batteries and solar panels, rescuing surplus prepared food, and freshening up donated thrift store clothing, furniture, and housewares into valuable new items.

Workshop facilitators appreciated attendees sharing their stories and insights. Information gleaned during the three workshops will inform the Richmond Green-Blue New Deal Opportunities Report recommendations.

January 2023
Community Profile &
Economic Development Insights
Richmond Green-Blue New Deal
Workforce Development Plan

2 | HR&A Advisors
2 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Table of Contents
0 Executive Summary and Analysis Highlights / 3
1 Introduction / 29
2 Findings / 36
Richmond’s Overall Economy / 37
Richmond’s Green Jobs Today / 52
Richmond’s Green Jobs Wages / 66
Richmond’s Green Job Demographics / 71
Richmond’s Green Job Trends / 83
Richmond’s Municipal Budget / 88
3 Additional Methodological Notes / 99
3 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY &

ANALYIS HIGHLIGHTS
00 3 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile 4 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | ABOUT HR&A
HR&A Advisors is a national consulting firm providing services in inclusive growth, urban tech and innovation, program design and implementation, and place-based initiatives.

5 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile HR&A is supporting the Appraccel team by profiling Richmond’s green-blue economy.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | COMMUNITY PROFILE OVERVIEW
1 Which of Richmond’s economic strengths are most relevant to the creation of Green Jobs? How many Green Jobs are in Richmond today?
Which occupations and industries in Richmond have the most Green Jobs? What are the demographics and wages of workers in Richmond Green Jobs? How does Richmond’s green economy compare to that of the county and metro area? The Community Profile addresses the following key questions:
2 3
4 5
6 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | GREEN-BLUE JOB DEFINITION
Blue Jobs
Jobs that depend
on water
Green Jobs
Job that contribute to
preserving or
enhancing the natural
environment for
current and future
generations
Jobs that
depend on
water but are
not sustainable
Jobs included in this
Green-Blue New Deal
study
Water-dependent jobs
that also preserve or
enhance the natural
environment
Definitions of Green Jobs vary across
institutions, but all share a focus on
environmental sustainability. This study
includes all Green Jobs, with a special focus on
the subset that is water-dependent or “green-
blue”.

Definitions can help direct analysis. For this
study, the consulting team chose a definition
that has supporting data (e.g., industry-level
job data) in order to most closely align the
quantification with the definition.

Community resilience includes a much wider
group of jobs related to creating resilient
systems that can bounce back more easily
from shocks like wildfires, earthquakes, and
storm surges, and allow the local community
to support itself in the event it is cut off from
global supply chains include installing solar
emergency microgrids and natural levees,
creating local food systems and worker-owned
cooperatives. While those jobs are not
quantified in this study due to data limitations,
it’s important to recognize that a resilient
Richmond will require investment in these jobs
as well.

A green job is one that contributes to preserving or enhancing the natural environment for current and future generations.
7 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile As part of a workforce development plan, this Community Profile focuses on jobs that require Green Skills and other jobs that support Green Industries.

Non-Green Industries
Green
Skill Jobs
Green
Supporting
Jobs
Green
Skill Jobs
Non-Green Jobs
(excluded)
Total Green Jobs in
Richmond
Example Job: HR
Administrator at Veolia
Example Job: Hazardous
Materials Remover at Veolia Environmental Engineer
at Jacobs Engineering
HR Administrator at
Jacobs Engineering
This study conservatively quantifies Green
Jobs using a skills-based methodology, thus
defining “Green Jobs” as those that explicitly
use Green Skills and/or support green
industries. Green Jobs contribute to
preserving or enhancing the natural
environment for current and future
generations.

This study identifies two types of Green Jobs.

Green Skill Jobs require specific skills related
to preserving or enhancing the natural
environment. Green Supporting Jobs do not
require Green Skills but are in an industry
whose activities preserve or enhance the
natural environment.

Green-Blue Jobs, occasionally called out in
the dataset, are Green Jobs that are water-
dependent. These jobs are already quantified
within Green Skill Jobs and Green Supporting
Jobs, but are highlighted separately due to
Richmond’s coastal proximity and port
economy.

Green Industries
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | GREEN-BLUE JOB DEFINITION
8 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | Occupation Categories
To assess the differences between types of jobs, this study further divides jobs into four occupational categories.

PRODUCTION,

CONSTRUCTION, &

TRANSPORTATION
Produce or repair green products,
construct green buildings and
infrastructure, or transport green
products.

SOC Categories:
• 47: Construction and Extraction
Occupations
• 49: Installation, Maintenance,
and Repair Occupations
• 51: Production Occupations
• 53: Transportation and
Material Moving Occupations
Examples: Construction workers,
mechanics, drivers, contractors,
electricians, maintenance
workers.

OFFICE MANAGEMENT &

OPERATIONS
Support day-to-day operations of
green businesses and promote
green products and services.

SOC Categories:
• 11: Management Occupations
• 13: Business and Financial
Operations Occupations
• 41: Sales and Related
Occupations
• 43: Office and Administrative
Support Occupations
Examples: Outreach directors,
office administrators, business
directors, sustainability officers,
managers, sales associates.

TECHNICAL SERVICES
Require a high level of technical
training and skill.

SOC Categories:
• 15: Computer and Mathematical
Occupations
• 17: Architecture and Engineering
Occupations
• 19: Life, Physical, and Social
Science Occupations
• 23: Legal Occupations
Examples: Computer technology
professionals, software engineers,
architects, engineers,
environmental lawyers,
environmental scientists.

EDUCATION, HEALTHCARE,
& SOCIAL
Green jobs that do not fit into the
previous three categories,
including healthcare, education,
arts, food preparation, and
compliance occupations.

SOC Categories:
• All others
Examples: Film makers, travel
guides, librarians, graphic
designers, community organizers,
garden managers, .

OTHER SERVICES &

PROFESSIONS
9 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Key Takeaways
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | OVERALL ECONOMY & GREEN JOBS
Richmond has approximately 51,000 total jobs.

Richmond’s key sectoral strengths relate to utilities, water transportation, building construction, machinery repair/maintenance industries, and research & development.These key industries point toward opportunities for the creation of high-road Green Jobs.

There are over 2,300 Green Jobs in Richmond, meaning almost one in every 20 jobs requires Green Skills, is in a Green Industry, or both.

Green Jobs make up a greater share of jobs in Richmond than in the County and the San Francisco MSA. However, between 2010-2019, Green Job growth in Richmond lagged overall job growth, while in the County and the MSA, Green Jobs grew at par with overall jobs. 1 2
3 4
10 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Key Takeaways
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | SKILLS AND EMPLOYERS
40% of Green Jobs are in Production, Construction, and Transportation occupations, which typically do not require a college degree, but also tend to pay less than the average job.

Three percent of all Green Jobs in Richmond are readily identifiable as “Green-Blue Jobs” as they require Green Skills and are in water-dependent occupations.

Green Skills related to environmental health/safety, environmental science, and environmental regulations are commonly sought by employers in Richmond.

Many Green Jobs demand common non-Green Skills such as communication and management, meaning many workers are already partially qualified to work in Green Jobs.

Veolia, Republic Services, Schnitzer Steel, Cascade Environmental, and ICF International are actively hiring for the greatest number of positions that require Green Skills. 1 2
3 4
5 11 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | WAGES
Key Takeaways
The average Green Job in Richmond pays $36 per hour, 24% higher than the average local job.

Green Jobs that require Green Skills tend to pay 41% more than Supporting Green Jobs, which are jobs in Green Industries that don’t require Green Skills.

For jobs that don’t require a college degree, Green Jobs pay a 17% premium ($4 more per hour).

Green jobs that require a college degree pay on average 85% more than those that don’t—a lower education premium for Green Jobs than for jobs overall. 1 2
3 4
12 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile 17%31%40% 12%
Key Takeaways
1 The racial and ethnic breakdown of Green Jobs is similar to that of the overall worker population in Contra Costa County.
2 Green industries tend to be more diverse than non-green industries, with significantly higher representation of Black and Hispanic workers, though slightly lower Asian representation. 3 Although wages in Green Jobs rose faster for non-white workers from 2010 to 2021 than for white workers, Black and Hispanic workers still earn $14,100 less per year than white workers. 4 Half of Richmond’s workforce is female, but women hold less than one-third of its Green Jobs. 5 Among Green Jobs, there is a $4,000 pay gap between men and women, though it was almost

1.5 times as large in 2010.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | DEMOGRAPHICS
13 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Economic Development Insights

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Richmond’s key sectoral strengths relate to utilities, water transportation, building construction, machinery repair/maintenance, and research & development. These key industries point toward opportunities for the creation of high -road Green Jobs.

Existing sectoral strengths reflect Richmond’s locational and physical assets, such as its waterfront, its port, its stock of industrial buildings, and its proximity to Bay Area innovation clusters. The City can leverage and reinforce each existing asset.

The City of Richmond has planned significant infrastructure investments for the next five years, many of which support environmental resilience and create Green Jobs in both construction and operation of those projects, for example, improving the efficiency of city -owned buildings and electrifying the port.

Even more impactful than directly supporting Green Jobs (e.g., by retrofitting its own buildings) the City will have opportunities to catalyze green private investment and job growth (e.g., by improving port facilities and supporting business incubation).

Without concerted effort, Richmond risks falling further behind regional peers with respect to Green Job growth.

Targeted workforce development and job placement efforts —including coordination with prospective employers—is needed so that Green Job opportunities are available to Richmond residents of all backgrounds and so that the injustices of past waves of economic growth are not repeated . 1 2
3 4
5 6
14 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS
| HR&A Advisors
15 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Almost one-half of Richmond’s workforce is employed in one of its top three sectors:
professional services, industrial trades, and retail.

ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS | ECONOMY OVERVIEW
17%31%40% 12%
51,400 Jobs
total jobs in Richmond (2021)
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data of 21 2-digitNAICS industries, grouped into sectors. 16 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile After Retail Trade, the largest industries in Richmond by employment are Government and Construction. Transportation & Warehousing and Utilities are the fastest growing industries.

ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS | INDUSTRY STRENGTHS
Accommodation and
Food Services
Real Estate and Rental and
Leasing
Admin, Support and
Waste Management
Health Care and Social
Assistance
Other Services
Transportation and
Warehousing
Professional, Scientific,
Technical Services
Construction
Government Retail
Trade
Utilities*
-25%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
125%
150%
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 Growth (2010-2021)
Number of Jobs in 2021
Jobs by Industry in Richmond (2021) and Jobs Growth (2010-2021) Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data, top 10 by number of jobs out of 21 2-digit NAICS industries. *Not in top 10 but added for relevance. 17 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Location quotient and competitiveness effect are two metrics that highlight strengths by comparing local economic performance to national performance within specific industries.

ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS | INDUSTRY STRENGTHS
-350%
-250%
-150%
-50%
50%
150%
250%
350%
0 5 10
Competitive Growth %
Location quotient (LQ) quantifies how
concentrated a particular industry is in a region
as compared to the nation. An LQ of 1 means
the region and the nation have the same
composition of a particular industry, an LQ
greater than 1 means that the particular
industry is more concentrated in the region
than the nation, and an LQ less than one
means that the particular industry is less
concentrated in the region than the nation. For
example, a LQ of 3 for an industry means that
that industry makes up a 3 times greater share
of employment the region of study than in the
nation overall.

The regional competitiveness effect explains
how much of the change in a given industry is
due to some unique competitive advantage
that the region possesses. This effect is
calculated by taking the total regional growth
and subtracting the national growth for the
same industry. The regional growth that
remains cannot be explained by national
trends in that industry or the economy as a
whole. For example, a competitiveness effect of
200% for an industry means that the industry
grew at double the rate within the region than
in the nation ats a whole.

Location Quotient1
LQ>1 and CG>0%
Industries that are more concentrated and
growing faster in Richmond than in the
nation as a whole
LQ>1 and CG<0%
Industries that are more concentrated but
growing more slowly in Richmond than in
the nation as a whole
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data, out of 301 4-digit NAICS industries. 18 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Natural Gas Distribution, Water Transportation, and Scientific R&D have high LQs and large workforces in Richmond.

ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS | INDUSTRY STRENGTHS
Coastal
Transportation
Commercial and Industrial
Machinery Manufacturing
and Repair
Scientific Research and
Development Services
Taxi and Limousine
Service
School and Employee
Bus Transportation
Miscellaneous Durable
Goods Merchant
Wholesalers
Residential
Building
Construction
Highway, Street, and
Bridge Construction
-350%
-250%
-150%
-50%
50%
150%
250%
350%
0 5 10 15
2010-2021 Competitive Growth %
Top 10* Competitive Industries in Richmond (2021)
Location Quotient
*Only including industries with more than 250 employees Size of bubble indicates the size of industry
-1200%
40 Natural Gas
Distribution
Direct Selling
Establishments
1 Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data,
out of 301 4-digit NAICS industries.
1 19 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Non-Green Industries
Today, Richmond’s economy includes approximately 2,308 Green Jobs across both green (22%) and non-green (78%) industries. Further, 82% Green Jobs require specialized Green Skills, while the other 18% are supporting jobs in green industries.

ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS | GREEN JOB TOTALS
Green Industries
92 Green
Skill Jobs
426
Green
Supporting Jobs
1,790
Green
Skill Jobs
Non-Green Jobs
(excluded)
2,308
Total Green Jobs
in Richmond
(4.5% of All Jobs)
Top Occupation:

School Bus Drivers
Top Occupation:

Recyclable Material Collectors
Top Occupation:

General and Operations Managers
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Diagram not to scale. 20 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Several of Richmond’s key industries are critical to the green economy.

ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS | INDUSTRY STRENGTHS
17%31%40% 12%
Industry Key Stats
(2010-2021) Implications for Green Jobs
Utilities
(2-digit NAICS)
2021 Jobs: 1,178
Growth: 117%
LQ: 8.72
Comp: 100%
Richmond’s current strength in the oil and natural gas industries will become a liability as fossil fuels are phased out. Richmond workers’ skills can be redirected and supplemented to support clean energy development and operation.

Water Transportation
(3-digit NAICS)
2021 Jobs: 374
Growth: 45%
LQ: 24.39
Comp: 112%
Water transportation tends to have a relatively low carbon footprint, so climate action may entail growth in this sector. The electrification of freight and passenger vessels and drayage trucks, and the development of infrastructure to support electric vessels, are still emerging fields.

Commercial/Industrial Machinery
Manufacturing & Repair
(4-digit NAICS)
2021 Jobs: 674
Growth: 27%
LQ: 6.90
Comp: 73%
Extending the life of existing equipment through maintenance, repair, and refurbishment is critical for minimizing waste. Decarbonization will also entail the creation of new commercial and industrial machinery.

Building Construction & Services
(3-digit NAICS)
2021 Jobs: 1,843
Growth: 45%
LQ: 3.34
Comp: 37%
Electrification and energy efficiency retrofits are labor-intensive investments that will require skilled workers throughout the region to construct and service. This is a major employment industry in Richmond that can be leveraged.

Research & Development
(4-digit NAICS)
2021 Jobs: 1,155
Growth: -24%
LQ: 5.58
Comp: -231%
Greening the economy requires innovation; although Richmond currently has a relatively high concentration of R&D jobs, its growth in this area has lagged behind the national average.

Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
21 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile In Richmond, 39% of Green Jobs are in Production, Construction, and Transportation occupations, whereas in surrounding areas, Green Jobs are more evenly divided between occupation categories.
31%
35%
39%
28%
28%
31%
23%
22%
19%
17%
15%
11%
San Francisco MSA's Green
Jobs
Contra Costa County's
Green Jobs
Richmond's Green Jobs
Green Jobs by Occupation Group, by Region (2021)
Production, Construction, and Transportation Office, Management, and Operations Technical Services Other Services and Professions
ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS | OCCUPATION CATEGORIES
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
22 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Overall, Green Job workers earn 24% higher wages compared to the average Richmond worker. Within Green Jobs, Green Skill Jobs pay a 31% premium, while wages in Green Supporting Jobs are slightly lower than the overall economy.

ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS | WAGES
$36
$38
$27
$29
All Green Jobs Green Skill Jobs Green Supporting Jobs All Jobs Median Hourly Wage of Green Jobs by category in Richmond (2021) Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
23 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile There are 77 jobs in Richmond readily identifiable as being in “Green-Blue Jobs”, comprising 3% of all Green Jobs. These jobs require Green Skills and are in occupations that are significantly involved in the blue economy.
17 16
12 7 6
4 4 4 4
2 Richmond’s Green-Blue Jobs by Occupation and
Percent of Jobs in Occupation Requiring Green Skills (2021) 14%100% 100% 15%100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS | GREEN-BLUE OCCUPATIONS
Source: HR&A’s analysis of analysis of 50,781 job postings from 2017-2021 through Lightcast, out of 867 5-digit SOC occupations. 24 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Green Jobs are racially representative of Contra Costa County’s overall economy but not of its population. Among Green Jobs, Green Supporting Jobs are more diverse than Green Skill Jobs. Similarly, green industries are more diverse than non-green industries.

ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS | RACE & ETHNICITY
28%
31%
27%
32%
28%
27%
27%
5%
14%
5%
13%
7%
7%
9%
14%
11%
15%
11%
14%
16%
19%
4%
4%
4%
4%
4%
4%
4%
48%
40%
49%
40%
47%
45%
41%
Green Skill Jobs
Green Supporting Jobs
Non-Green Industries
Green Industries
All Green Jobs
All Jobs
Contra Costa County
Racial Representation, by Category (2021)
Hispanic Black Asian Other White
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Demographic data for jobs is not available for Richmond so all job demographics are based on Richmond job data and Contra Costa county demographic data. 25 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Veolia, Republic Services, Schnitzer Steel, Cascade Environmental, and ICF International are actively hiring the greatest number of Green Skill Jobs in Richmond.

Examples: Wastewater Operators, Collections
Technicians, Maintenance Technicians
Examples: Customer Service Advisors, Production
Crews, Vehicle Purchasing Agents
Examples: Environmental Chemists, Data
Validation Specialists, Chemistry Laboratory
Technicians
Examples: Recycling Truck Drivers, Transfer
Drivers, Landfill Heavy Equipment Operators
Examples: Driller Assistants, Drillers,
Field Assistants
ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS | TOP-HIRING EMPLOYERS
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Examples represent the top green skill job titles at each company by number of postings in recent years. 26 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Green Jobs in Richmond most often require Management, Communications, and Operations Skills in addition to Green Skills such as Environmental Health & Safety.

Management
Communications
Operations
Environmental Health & Safety
Problem Solving
Environmental Health & Safety
Environmental Laws, Environmental Health, etc.

Science
Environmental Science, Soil Science, etc.

Regulatory
Waste Management, Environmental Compliance, Environmental Issue, etc.

Technical
Environmental Engineering, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering, etc.

Waste
Wastewater, Sewage Treatments, Recycling, etc.

ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS | TOP SKILLS
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.

Top 5 Skills in Jobs Requiring Green Skills
Where size of bubbles represents relative occurrence of these skills.

Top 5 Green Skills in Green Jobs
Where size of bubbles represents relative occurrence of these skills. 27 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Many Green Jobs demand common non-Green Skills such as communication and management, meaning many workers are already partially qualified to work in Green Jobs.

The top skills listed across all Green Job postings
include communications, management, and
operations. Additional skills include customer
service, leadership, writing, and planning. This
indicates that many professionals may be able to
readily be employed in Green Jobs despite
preconceived notions about the prerequisites.

Some Green Skill Jobs call for environmentally-
specific skills like data compilation,
environmental planning, or wastewater operator
certification.

Finally, in non-green industries, many workers
may develop Green Skills that they use during
some parts of their job. For instance,
construction and operations are both frequently
listed in green skill job postings – many
construction professionals have transferrable
skills that can be used in Green Jobs.

Sample Green Job Titles
Posted in Richmond: General
Managers, Production
Supervisors, Research
Associates, Project Managers,
Maintenance Supervisors
Sample Green Job Titles
Posted in Richmond:

Laboratory Technicians,
Chemical Process Operators,
Field Assistants, Project
Engineers, Environmental
Chemists
Sample Green Job Titles
Posted in Richmond: Operator
Helpers, Maintenance
Technicians, Drillers, Recycling
Truck Drivers, Production Crews,
Warehouse Receivers, Vehicle
Maintenance
Green Skill Jobs and
Supporting Jobs
in both green and non-
green industries
Green Skill Jobs
in green industries
Green Skill Jobs
in non-green industries
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.

ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS | TOP SKILLS
28 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Green Jobs make up a greater share of jobs in Richmond than in the County and the MSA.

However, between 2010-2019, Green Job growth in Richmond lagged the overall job growth, while in the County and the MSA, Green Jobs grew almost at par with overall jobs.

ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS | COMPARATIVE GROWTH TRENDS
18%
20%
28%
11%
17%
29%
Richmond Contra Costa County San Francisco MSA
Jobs Growth, by Region (2010-2019)
All Jobs Green Jobs

1.8% CAGR

1.2% CAGR

2.8% CAGR

1.8% CAGR

2.0% CAGR

2.8% CAGR4.5%

3.2% 3.1%
Richmond Contra Costa
County
San Francisco
MSA
Share of Green Jobs in Entire
Workforce, by Region (2021)
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
29 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

INTRODUCTION
01 29 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile 30 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile INTRODUCTION | ABOUT HR&A
HR&A Advisors is a national consulting firm providing services in inclusive growth, urban tech and innovation, program design and implementation, and place-based initiatives.

31 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile HR&A is supporting the Appraccel team by profiling Richmond’s green-blue economy.

INTRODUCTION | COMMUNITY PROFILE OVERVIEW
1 Which of Richmond’s economic strengths are most relevant to the creation of Green Jobs? How many Green Jobs are in Richmond today?
Which occupations and industries in Richmond have the most Green Jobs? What are the demographics and wages of workers in Richmond Green Jobs? How does Richmond’s green economy compare to that of the county and metro area? The Community Profile addresses the following key questions:
2 3
4 5
32 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile INTRODUCTION | GREEN-BLUE JOB DEFINITION
Blue Jobs
Jobs that depend
on water
Green Jobs
Job that contribute to
preserving or
enhancing the natural
environment for
current and future
generations
Jobs that
depend on
water but are
not sustainable
Jobs included in this
Green-Blue New Deal
study
Water-dependent jobs
that also preserve or
enhance the natural
environment
Definitions of Green Jobs vary across
institutions, but all share a focus on
environmental sustainability. This study
includes all Green Jobs, with a special focus on
the subset that is water-dependent or “green-
blue”.

Definitions can help direct analysis. For this
study, the consulting team chose a definition
that has supporting data (e.g., industry-level
job data) in order to most closely align the
quantification with the definition.

Community resilience includes a much wider
group of jobs related to creating resilient
systems that can bounce back more easily
from shocks like wildfires, earthquakes, and
storm surges, and allow the local community
to support itself in the event it is cut off from
global supply chains include installing solar
emergency microgrids and natural levees,
creating local food systems and worker-owned
cooperatives. While those jobs are not
quantified in this study due to data limitations,
it’s important to recognize that a resilient
Richmond will require investment in these jobs
as well.

A green job is one that contributes to preserving or enhancing the natural environment for current and future generations.
33 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile As part of a workforce development plan, this Community Profile focuses on jobs that require Green Skills and other jobs that support Green Industries.

Non-Green Industries
Green
Skill Jobs
Green
Supporting
Jobs
Green
Skill Jobs
Non-Green Jobs
(excluded)
Total Green Jobs in
Richmond
Example Job: HR
Administrator at Veolia
Example Job: Hazardous
Materials Remover at Veolia Environmental Engineer
at Jacobs Engineering
HR Administrator at
Jacobs Engineering
This study conservatively quantifies Green
Jobs using a skills-based methodology, thus
defining “Green Jobs” as those that explicitly
use Green Skills and/or support green
industries. Green Jobs contribute to
preserving or enhancing the natural
environment for current and future
generations.

This study identifies two types of Green Jobs.

Green Skill Jobs require specific skills related
to preserving or enhancing the natural
environment. Green Supporting Jobs do not
require Green Skills but are in an industry
whose activities preserve or enhance the
natural environment.

Green-Blue Jobs, occasionally called out in
the dataset, are Green Jobs that are water-
dependent. These jobs are already quantified
within Green Skill Jobs and Green Supporting
Jobs, but are highlighted separately due to
Richmond’s coastal proximity and port
economy.

Green Industries
INTRODUCTION | GREEN-BLUE JOB DEFINITION
34 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

INTRODUCTION
This study uses the best available data on jobs and job postings in Richmond to estimate the number of Green Jobs and characterize worker demographics. *HR&A is relying on Lightcast (formerly EMSI), a third-party labor data aggregation firm, to gather the share of job postings in various industries with green skills as a share of total jobs postings over the last 3-5 years. Lightcast has a Green Skills category established through benchmarking popular studies on green jobs, which can be modified if needed to suit our definitions.

Total Estimated
Green Skill Jobs
in Richmond
Occupations and Worker
Demographics
Green Skills and
Occupational Groups
Job Postings with Green
Skills in Richmond
Total Job Postings in
Richmond
Major Companies
Total Jobs in
Richmond, by
Occupation
(Lightcast
Estimate)
Green Skill Requirement
Percentage, by Occupation

1. Using historic job postings on
Lightcast1, first determine the
percentage of jobs in each
occupation that require Green Skills.

2. Pro-rate each occupation’s share of
Green Skill Jobs by applying the
green skill requirement percentage
to the total number of jobs in that
occupation.

Total Green
Supporting Jobs
in Richmond

1. Using Lightcast1, calculate total jobs
in green industries, based on a
national Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) survey on the percent of each
industry’s revenue derived from
green activities.

2. Subtract the Green Skill Jobs in green
industries previously calculated to
estimate the number of jobs that are
in green industries but do not
require Green Skills.

GREEN SUPPORTING JOBS

GREEN SKILL JOBS
Total Jobs in
Green Industries
in Richmond
(Lightcast
Estimate)
Total Green Skill Jobs in
Green Industries in
Richmond

3. Categorize Green Skill Jobs and
Green Supporting Jobs to enable
more nuanced analysis along
dimensions including skills,
occupation groups, major
companies, and demographics.

35 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile INTRODUCTION | Occupation Categories
To assess the differences between types of jobs, this study further divides jobs into four occupational categories.

PRODUCTION,

CONSTRUCTION, &

TRANSPORTATION
Produce or repair green products,
construct green buildings and
infrastructure, or transport green
products.

SOC Categories:
• 47: Construction and Extraction
Occupations
• 49: Installation, Maintenance,
and Repair Occupations
• 51: Production Occupations
• 53: Transportation and
Material Moving Occupations
Examples: Construction workers,
mechanics, drivers, contractors,
electricians, maintenance
workers.

OFFICE MANAGEMENT &

OPERATIONS
Support day-to-day operations of
green businesses and promote
green products and services.

SOC Categories:
• 11: Management Occupations
• 13: Business and Financial
Operations Occupations
• 41: Sales and Related
Occupations
• 43: Office and Administrative
Support Occupations
Examples: Outreach directors,
office administrators, business
directors, sustainability officers,
managers, sales associates.

TECHNICAL SERVICES
Require a high level of technical
training and skill.

SOC Categories:
• 15: Computer and Mathematical
Occupations
• 17: Architecture and Engineering
Occupations
• 19: Life, Physical, and Social
Science Occupations
• 23: Legal Occupations
Examples: Computer technology
professionals, software engineers,
architects, engineers,
environmental lawyers,
environmental scientists.

EDUCATION, HEALTHCARE,
& SOCIAL
Green jobs that do not fit into the
previous three categories,
including healthcare, education,
arts, food preparation, and
compliance occupations.

SOC Categories:
• All others
Examples: Film makers, travel
guides, librarians, graphic
designers, community organizers,
garden managers, .

OTHER SERVICES &

PROFESSIONS
36 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

FINDINGS
02 36 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile 37 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

OVERALL ECONOMY
RICHMOND’S
| HR&A Advisors
38 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Almost one-half of Richmond’s workforce is employed in one of its top three sectors:
professional services, industrial trades, and retail.

OVERALL ECONOMY | OVERVIEW
17%31%40% 12%
51,400 Jobs
total jobs in Richmond (2021)
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data of 21 2-digit NAICS industries, grouped into sectors. 39 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Sales occupations are the largest in Richmond, followed by Transportation & Moving, and Management occupations. Healthcare occupations are the fastest growing in Richmond.

OVERALL ECONOMY | OVERVIEW
185, +1%
229, +29%
419, +18%
782, +0%
807, -9%
866, +23%
914, +28%
1,102, +22%
1,212, +28%
1,269, +95%
1,568, -4%
1,739, +1%
1,872, +10%
2,041, +15%
2,264, -6%
2,454, +12%
2,877, +6%
3,131, +28%
3,756, +15%
3,962, -10%
4,481, +53%
5,760, +58%
7,749, -4%
Military Specific
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry
Legal
Architecture and Engineering
Life, Physical, and Social Science
Protective Service
Community and Social Service
Computer and Mathematical
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical
Healthcare Support
Personal Care and Service
Production
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair
Food Preparation and Serving Related
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance
Educational Instruction and Library
Business and Financial Operations
Construction and Extraction
Office and Administrative Support
Management
Transportation and Material Moving
Sales and Related
Jobs by Occupation in Richmond (2021) and Jobs Growth (2010-2021) Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data of 23 2-digit SOC occupations. . 40 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile After Taxi Drivers, top growing occupations include Health Care Aides, Managers, Cashiers, and Business Operations Specialists.

OVERALL ECONOMY | OVERVIEW
17%31%40% 12%
+29%
91 +22%
96 +44%
100
+39%
104
+42%
109
+16%
109
+25%
110
+89%
114
+59%
123
+83%
123
+19%
134
+68%
143
+32%
153
+52%
185
+79%
188
+16%
218
+42%
220
+75%
335
+291%
586
+1112%
1,638 Top 20 Occupations by Number of Jobs Added between 2010-2021 in Richmond Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data, out of 867 5-digit SOC occupations. 41 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile After Retail Trade, the largest industries in Richmond by employment are Government and Construction. Transportation & Warehousing and Utilities are the fastest growing industries.

OVERALL ECONOMY | INDUSTRY SIZE & GROWTH
Accommodation and
Food Services
Real Estate and Rental and
Leasing
Admin, Support and
Waste Management
Health Care and Social
Assistance
Other Services
Transportation and
Warehousing
Professional, Scientific,
Technical Services
Construction
Government Retail
Trade
Utilities*
-25%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
125%
150%
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 Growth (2010-2021)
Number of Jobs in 2021
Jobs by Industry in Richmond (2021) and Jobs Growth (2010-2021) Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data, top 10 by number of jobs out of 21 2-digit NAICS industries. *Not in top 10 but added for relevance. 42 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Location quotient and competitiveness effect are two metrics that highlight strengths by comparing local economic performance to national performance within specific industries.

OVERALL ECONOMY | INDUSTRY STRENGTHS
-350%
-250%
-150%
-50%
50%
150%
250%
350%
0 5 10
Competitive Growth %
Location quotient (LQ) quantifies how
concentrated a particular industry is in a region
as compared to the nation. An LQ of 1 means
the region and the nation have the same
composition of a particular industry, an LQ
greater than 1 means that the particular
industry is more concentrated in the region
than the nation, and an LQ less than one
means that the particular industry is less
concentrated in the region than the nation. For
example, a LQ of 3 for an industry means that
that industry makes up a 3 times greater share
of employment the region of study than in the
nation overall.

The regional competitiveness effect explains
how much of the change in a given industry is
due to some unique competitive advantage
that the region possesses. This effect is
calculated by taking the total regional growth
and subtracting the national growth for the
same industry. The regional growth that
remains cannot be explained by national
trends in that industry or the economy as a
whole. For example, a competitiveness effect of
200% for an industry means that the industry
grew at double the rate within the region than
in the nation ats a whole.

Location Quotient1
LQ>1 and CG>0%
Industries that are more concentrated and
growing faster in Richmond than in the
nation as a whole
LQ>1 and CG<0%
Industries that are more concentrated but
growing more slowly in Richmond than in
the nation as a whole
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data, out of 301 4-digit NAICS industries. 43 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Natural Gas Distribution, Water Transportation, and Scientific R&D have high LQs and large workforces in Richmond.

OVERALL ECONOMY | INDUSTRY STRENGTHS
Coastal
Transportation
Commercial and Industrial
Machinery Manufacturing
and Repair
Scientific Research and
Development Services
Taxi and Limousine
Service
School and Employee
Bus Transportation
Miscellaneous Durable
Goods Merchant
Wholesalers
Residential
Building
Construction
Highway, Street, and
Bridge Construction
-350%
-250%
-150%
-50%
50%
150%
250%
350%
0 5 10 15
2010-2021 Competitive Growth %
Top 10* Competitive Industries in Richmond (2021)
Location Quotient
*Only including industries with more than 250 employees Size of bubble indicates the size of industry
-1200%
40 Natural Gas
Distribution
Direct Selling
Establishments
1 Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data, out of 301 4-digit NAICS industries. 1 44 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Several of Richmond’s key industries are critical to the green economy.

OVERALL ECONOMY | INDUSTRY STRENGTHS
17%31%40% 12%
Industry Key Stats
(2010-2021) Implications for Green Jobs
Utilities
(2-digit NAICS)
2021 Jobs: 1,178
Growth: 117%
LQ: 8.72
Comp: 100%
Richmond’s current strength in the oil and natural gas industries will become a liability as fossil fuels are phased out. Richmond workers’ skills can be redirected and supplemented to support clean energy development and operation.

Water Transportation
(3-digit NAICS)
2021 Jobs: 374
Growth: 45%
LQ: 24.39
Comp: 112%
Water transportation tends to have a relatively low carbon footprint, so climate action may entail growth in this sector. The electrification of freight and passenger vessels and drayage trucks, and the development of infrastructure to support electric vessels, are still emerging fields.

Commercial/Industrial Machinery
Manufacturing & Repair
(4-digit NAICS)
2021 Jobs: 674
Growth: 27%
LQ: 6.90
Comp: 73%
Extending the life of existing equipment through maintenance, repair, and refurbishment is critical for minimizing waste. Decarbonization will also entail the creation of new commercial and industrial machinery.

Building Construction & Services
(3-digit NAICS)
2021 Jobs: 1,843
Growth: 45%
LQ: 3.34
Comp: 37%
Electrification and energy efficiency retrofits are labor-intensive investments that will require skilled workers throughout the region to construct and service. This is a major employment industry in Richmond that can be leveraged.

Research & Development
(4-digit NAICS)
2021 Jobs: 1,155
Growth: -24%
LQ: 5.58
Comp: -231%
Greening the economy requires innovation; although Richmond currently has a relatively high concentration of R&D jobs, its growth in this area has lagged behind the national average.

Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
45 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Federal data shows 1,600 local jobs in fossil fuel industries, a 44% increase since 2010. This number does not include jobs within supporting divisions of large fossil fuel companies like Chevron, or supporting businesses in other industries.

OVERALL ECONOMY | FOSSIL FUEL CLUSTER
-40%
14 +10%
21 -19%
31 +7%
101
+89%
110
-3%
194
+135%
1,122
Other Gasoline
Stations
Solid Waste
Combustors
and
Incinerators
Fuel DealersPetroleum and
Petroleum
Products
Merchant
Wholesalers
Petroleum
Lubricating Oil
and Grease
Manufacturing
Gasoline
Stations with
Convenience
Stores
Natural Gas
Distribution
Extractive Industry Jobs in Richmond (2021) with Change in Jobs (2010-2021) 3,264 Total
Employees
Largest Employer in
Richmond (2021)
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data and City of Richmond data. 46 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Natural Gas Distribution, Petroleum Products Wholesalers, and Petroleum Products Manufacturing, all have very high location quotient in Richmond. +631 Jobs
+4 Jobs -101 Jobs
-43 Jobs

37.12 LQ

3.87 LQ 3.83 LQ

0.82 LQ
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 35
40 -200
-100
0 100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Natural Gas Distribution
Petroleum and Petroleum
Products Merchant
Wholesalers
Petroleum and Coal
Products Manufacturing Gasoline Stations
Richmond’s Fossil Fuel Industry Cluster LQs (2021) and Number of Jobs Gained/Lost due to Competitive Factors (2010-2021)
OVERALL ECONOMY | FOSSIL FUEL CLUSTER
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
47 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Richmond has over 500 jobs in Water Transportation, including support activities for water transportation, experiencing significant growth over the last decade.

OVERALL ECONOMY | WATER TRANSPORTATION CLUSTER
+68%
148
+40%
369
Support Activities for Water TransportationDeep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water Transportation
Water Transportation Jobs in Richmond (2021) with Change in Jobs (2010-2021) Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
48 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Water Transportation overall has one of the highest location quotients in Richmond and has grown over the last decade due to competitive advantages. +126 Jobs +53 Jobs

36.55 LQ

5.61 LQ
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 35
40 0
20 40
60 80
100
120
140
Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water Transportation Support Activities for Water Transportation Richmond’s Water Transportation Cluster LQs (2021) and Number of Jobs Gained due to Competitive Factors (2010-2021)
OVERALL ECONOMY | WATER TRANSPORTATION CLUSTER
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
49 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Richmond has 6,700+ jobs in building, construction, and related service industries, all of which have grown over the last decade.

OVERALL ECONOMY | BUILDING, CONSTRUCTION AND SERVICE CLUSTER 17%31% 12%
+26%
149
+23%
338
+27%
458
+46%
653
+29%
748
+21%
904
+56%
1,416
+25%
2,073
Other Heavy
and Civil
Engineering
Construction
Foundation,
Structure, and
Building
Exterior
Contractors
Nonresidential
Building
Construction
Building
Equipment
Contractors
Other Specialty
Trade
Contractors
Building
Finishing
Contractors
Residential
Building
Construction
Services to
Buildings and
Dwellings
Building, Construction and Service Jobs in Richmond (2021) with Change in Jobs (2010-2021)
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
50 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Residential Construction and Services to Buildings have gained significant number of jobs over the last decade due to competitive factors.
17%31% 12%
+180 Jobs
+16 Jobs
+37 Jobs +27 Jobs
+144 Jobs
+44 Jobs
-11 Jobs
+47 Jobs

3.43 LQ 3.41 LQ

1.95 LQ 1.94 LQ 1.93 LQ 1.91 LQ

0.97 LQ 0.90 LQ
0 0.5
1 1.5
2 2.5
3 3.5
4 -50
0 50
100
150
200
Residential
Building
Construction
Other Heavy
and Civil
Engineering
Construction
Building
Finishing
Contractors
Nonresidential
Building
Construction
Services to
Buildings and
Dwellings
Other Specialty
Trade
Contractors
Foundation,
Structure, and
Building
Exterior
Contractors
Building
Equipment
Contractors
Richmond’s Building, Construction, and Service Cluster and Number of Jobs Gained/Lost due to Competitive Factors (2021)
OVERALL ECONOMY | BUILDING, CONSTRUCTION AND SERVICE CLUSTER Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
51 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Key Takeaways

OVERALL ECONOMY
1 Richmond has approximately 51,000 total jobs.
2 Almost one-half of Richmond’s workforce is employed in one of its top three sectors: industrial, and professional service, and retail.
3 Richmond’s key sectoral strengths relate to utilities, water transportation, building construction, machinery repair/maintenance industries, and research & development. 4 Richmond’s key industries point toward opportunities for the creation of high-road Green Jobs. 52 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

GREEN JOBS TODAY
RICHMOND’S
53 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Non-Green Industries
Today, Richmond’s economy includes approximately 2,308 Green Jobs across both green (22%) and non-green (78%) industries. Further, 82% Green Jobs require specialized Green Skills, while the other 18% are supporting jobs in green industries.

GREEN JOBS | TOTALS
Green Industries
92 Green
Skill Jobs
426
Green
Supporting Jobs
1,790
Green
Skill Jobs
Non-Green Jobs
(excluded)
2,308
Total Green Jobs
in Richmond
(4.5% of All Jobs)
Top Occupation:

School Bus Drivers
Top Occupation:

Recyclable Material Collectors
Top Occupation:

General and Operations Managers
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Diagram not to scale. 54 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

REGIONAL COMPARISON
Richmond has a greater share of its workforce employed in Green Jobs compared to both the Contra Costa County and the entire MSA.

4.5%

3.2% 3.1%
Richmond Contra Costa County San Francisco MSA
Share of Green Jobs in Entire Workforce, by Region (2021) Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
55 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Almost 40% of Green Jobs fall under Production, Construction, and Transportation occupations, followed by 31% in Office, Management, and Operations occupations.

GREEN JOBS TODAY
894
713
445
255
Production, Construction,
and Transportation
Office, Management, and
Operations
Technical Services Other Services and
Professions
Green Jobs by Occupational Groups in Richmond (2021)
19%31%39% 11%
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
56 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile In Richmond, 39% of Green Jobs are in Production, Construction, and Transportation occupations, whereas in surrounding areas, Green Jobs are more evenly divided between occupation categories.
31%
35%
39%
28%
28%
31%
23%
22%
19%
17%
15%
11%
San Francisco MSA's Green
Jobs
Contra Costa County's
Green Jobs
Richmond's Green Jobs
Green Jobs by Occupation Group, by Region (2021)
Production, Construction, and Transportation Office, Management, and Operations Technical Services Other Services and Professions
GREEN JOBS | OCCUPATION CATEGORIES
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
57 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile GREEN JOBS | TOP OCCUPATIONS
Managers (General and Operations Managers and All Other) is the largest Green Skill occupation, constituting 194 jobs or 8.4% of all Green Jobs in Richmond.

Entry Level
Education
Above Bachelor’s
Below Bachelor’s
24 107
49 3731
23 39
83 24
3640
87 24
63 273024
51 2730
Green Jobs in Top 20 Occupations for Green Skill Jobs in Richmond (2021) $16 $25 $30 $40 $50 $56Median Hourly Wage:

Occupation Group
Production,
Construction,
Transportation
Office,
Management,
Operations
Technical
Other
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data, out of 867 5-digit SOC occupations. 58 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile In some occupations like environmental scientists and recycling collectors, all jobs require Green Skills. In most other occupations, only a portion of jobs require Green Skills.

GREEN JOBS | TOP OCCUPATIONS
Entry Level
Education
Above Bachelor’s
Below Bachelor’s
27%
14%20%24%
67%
100%
11%
59%
24%23%18%
11%
23%
100%100%
12%7%
37%
4%3%
Share of Green Jobs in Top 20 Occupations for Green Skill Jobs in Richmond (2021) $16 $25 $30 $40 $50 $56Median Hourly Wage:

Occupation Group
Production,
Construction,
Transportation
Office,
Management,
Operations
Technical
Other
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data, out of 867 5-digit SOC occupations. 59 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile The top 20 occupations constitute 44% of all Green Jobs in Richmond, and only 8 require education above a B.A.

GREEN JOBS | TOP OCCUPATIONS
Entry Level
Education
Above Bachelor’s
Below Bachelor’s
25 108
49 38
31 39
83 26
3742
88 63
27 35
57 30
126
51 2730
Number of Green Jobs in Top 20 Occupations for Green Jobs in Richmond (2021) $16 $25 $30 $40 $50 $56Median Hourly Wage:

Occupation Group
Production,
Construction,
Transportation
Office,
Management,
Operations
Technical
Other
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data, out of 867 5-digit SOC occupations. 60 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile There are 77 jobs in Richmond readily identifiable as “Green-Blue Jobs”, comprising 3% of all Green Jobs. These jobs require Green Skills and are in occupations that are significantly involved in the blue economy.
17 16
12 7 6
4 4 4 4
2 Richmond’s Green-Blue Jobs by Occupation and
Percent of Jobs in Occupation Requiring Green Skills (2021) 14%100% 100% 15%100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
GREEN JOBS | GREEN-BLUE OCCUPATIONS
Source: HR&A’s analysis of analysis of 50,781 job postings from 2017-2021 through Lightcast, out of 867 5-digit SOC occupations. 61 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Among green industries, School and Employee Bus Transportation make up 49% of Green Jobs, followed by Nonhazardous Waste (17%), and Hazardous Waste (10%).

GREEN JOBS TODAY
38444553
86 251
TransitRenewable Electric
Power Generation
Used MerchandiseHazardous WasteNonhazardous
Waste
School and
Employee Bus
Transportation
Green Jobs in Green Industries in Richmond (2021)
Other
Typically Public Services
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
62 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Veolia, Republic Services, Schnitzer Steel, Cascade Environmental, and ICF International are actively hiring the greatest number of Green Skill Jobs in Richmond.

Examples: Wastewater Operators, Collections
Technicians, Maintenance Technicians
Examples: Customer Service Advisors, Production
Crews, Vehicle Purchasing Agents
Examples: Environmental Chemists, Data
Validation Specialists, Chemistry Laboratory
Technicians
Examples: Recycling Truck Drivers, Transfer
Drivers, Landfill Heavy Equipment Operators
Examples: Driller Assistants, Drillers,
Field Assistants
GREEN JOBS | TOP-HIRING EMPLOYERS
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Examples represent the top green skill job titles at each company by number of postings in recent years. 63 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Green Jobs in Richmond most often require Management, Communications, and Operations Skills in addition to Green Skills such as Environmental Health & Safety.

Management
Communications
Operations
Environmental Health & Safety
Problem Solving
Environmental Health & Safety
Environmental Laws, Environmental Health, etc.

Science
Environmental Science, Soil Science, etc.

Regulatory
Waste Management, Environmental Compliance, Environmental Issue, etc.

Technical
Environmental Engineering, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering, etc.

Waste
Wastewater, Sewage Treatments, Recycling, etc.

GREEN JOBS | TOP SKILLS
Top 5 Skills in Jobs Requiring Green Skills
Where size of bubbles represents relative occurrence of these skills.

Top 5 Green Skills in Green Jobs
Where size of bubbles represents relative occurrence of these skills.

Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
64 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Many Green Jobs demand common non-Green Skills such as communication and management, meaning many workers are already partially qualified to work in Green Jobs.

The top skills listed across all Green Job postings
include communications, management, and
operations. Additional skills include customer
service, leadership, writing, and planning. This
indicates that many professionals may be able to
readily be employed in Green Jobs despite
preconceived notions about the prerequisites.

Some Green Skill Jobs call for environmentally-
specific skills like data compilation,
environmental planning, or wastewater operator
certification.

Finally, in non-green industries, many workers
may develop Green Skills that they use during
some parts of their job. For instance,
construction and operations are both frequently
listed in green skill job postings – many
construction professionals have transferrable
skills that can be used in Green Jobs.

Sample Green Job Titles
Posted in Richmond: General
Managers, Production
Supervisors, Research
Associates, Project Managers,
Maintenance Supervisors
Sample Green Job Titles
Posted in Richmond:

Laboratory Technicians,
Chemical Process Operators,
Field Assistants, Project
Engineers, Environmental
Chemists
Sample Green Job Titles
Posted in Richmond: Operator
Helpers, Maintenance
Technicians, Drillers, Recycling
Truck Drivers, Production Crews,
Warehouse Receivers, Vehicle
Maintenance
Green Skill Jobs and
Supporting Jobs
in both green and non-
green industries
Green Skill Jobs
in green industries
Green Skill Jobs
in non-green industries
GREEN JOBS | TOP SKILLS
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
65 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

GREEN JOBS TODAY
Key Takeaways
1 There are almost 2,300 Green Jobs in Richmond, meaning more than one in every 22 jobs requires Green Skills, is in a green industry, or both. 2 Forty percent of Green Jobs are in Production, Construction, and Transportation occupations, which typically do not require a college degree, but also tend to pay less than the average job. 3 A large proportion of Green Jobs in Richmond are in providing public services, such as school transportation, public transit, and waste collection/disposal. 4 Richmond companies actively hiring for Green Skills include those providing environmental remediation services; recycling metals; and selling environmentally friendly food and other consumer products.
5 The most commonly sought-after Green Skills are related to environmental health and safety, followed by those related to environmental science and regulations. 6 Green jobs also require common non-Green Skills, such as those related to communication, management, and operations.
66 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

GREEN JOB WAGES
RICHMOND’S
67 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Overall, Green Job workers earn 24% higher wages compared to the average Richmond worker. Within Green Jobs, Green Skill Jobs pay a 31% premium, while wages in Green Supporting Jobs are slightly lower than the overall economy.

GREEN JOB WAGES
$36
$38
$27
$29
All Green Jobs Green Skill Jobs Green Supporting Jobs All Jobs Median Hourly Wage of Green Jobs by category in Richmond (2021) +24%
-7%
+31%
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
68 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Green Jobs in Office, Management, and Operations and Production, Construction, and Transportation pay 1.3 times and 1.2 times that of overall economy, while Green Jobs in Technical Services pay 0.9 times. Green jobs in Other Services & Professions pay at par.

GREEN JOB WAGES
$29
$43 $45
$25$24
$33
$50
$26
Production, Construction,
and Transportation
Office, Management, and
Operations
Technical Services Other Services and
Professions
Median Hourly Wage of Green Jobs by Occupational Groups in Richmond (2021) Green Jobs All Jobs
+21%
+30%
-4%
-10%
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
69 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community ProfileBelow B.A. Above B.A. $47
$50
All Jobs Green Jobs
Median Hourly Wage of Green Jobs by Educational Attainment in Richmond (2021) $23
$27
All Jobs Green Jobs
Green Jobs pay higher wages than the overall economy irrespective of the educational attainment, but especially in jobs not requiring a B.A., where Green Jobs pay 17% more.

Green Jobs requiring a B.A. or above pay 85% more than ones that don’t require a B.A.

GREEN JOB WAGES
+85%
+17%
+6%
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
70 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile GREEN JOBS | WAGES
Key Takeaways
The average Green Job in Richmond pays $36 per hour, 24% higher than the average local job.

Green Jobs that require Green Skills tend to pay 41% more than Supporting Green Jobs, which are jobs in Green Industries that don’t require Green Skills.

For jobs that don’t require a college degree, Green Jobs pay a 17% premium ($4 more per hour).

Green jobs that require a college degree pay on average 85% more than those that don’t—a lower education premium for Green Jobs than for jobs overall. 1 2
3 4
71 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

GREEN JOB DEMOGRAPHICS
RICHMOND’S
72 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Green Jobs are racially representative of Contra Costa County’s overall economy but not of its population. Among Green Jobs, Green Supporting Jobs are more diverse than Green Skill Jobs. Similarly, green industries are more diverse than non-green industries.

GREEN JOB DEMOGRAPHICS | RACE & ETHNICITY
28%
31%
27%
32%
28%
27%
27%
5%
14%
5%
13%
7%
7%
9%
14%
11%
15%
11%
14%
16%
19%
4%
4%
4%
4%
4%
4%
4%
48%
40%
49%
40%
47%
45%
41%
Green Skill Jobs
Green Supporting Jobs
Non-Green Industries
Green Industries
All Green Jobs
All Jobs
Contra Costa County
Racial Representation, by Category (2021)
Hispanic Black Asian Other White
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Demographic data for jobs is not available for Richmond so all job demographics are based on Richmond job data and Contra Costa county demographic data. 73 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Within Green Jobs, Production, Construction, and Transportation and Other Services occupations are more diverse than Office, Management, and Operations and Technical services occupations.

GREEN JOB DEMOGRAPHICS | RACE & ETHNICITY
42%
13%
22%
37%
28%
27%
47%
7%
4%
5%
10%
7%
7%
16%
11%
26%
16%
7%
14%
16%
17%
4%
4%
4%
4%
4%
4%
5%
37%
53%
53%
42%
47%
45%
15%
Other Services and
Professions
Technical Services
Office, Management, and
Operations
Production, Construction,
Transportation
All Green Jobs
All Jobs
Richmond's Population
Racial Representation, by Category (2021)
Hispanic Black Asian Other White
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Demographic data for jobs is not available for Richmond so all job demographics are based on Richmond job data and Contra Costa county demographic data. 74 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Within Green Jobs, Black and Hispanic workers experience a wage gap of $14.1K compared to their white counterparts. This gap has increased by $0.8K since 2010, but relative wage gap is decreasing due to slightly faster increase in wages for Black and Hispanic workers.

GREEN JOB DEMOGRAPHICS | RACE & ETHNICITY
$66,000 $65,100
$86,800
$74,600
$79,200
Hispanic Black Asian Other White
Green Jobs Average Annual Earnings by Race in Richmond (2021) +37% +34%+39%+42%+37%
$14.1K (22%)

PAY GAP
$61,100
All Jobs
+34%
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Demographic data for jobs is not available for Richmond so all job demographics are based on Richmond job data and Contra Costa county demographic data. 75 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile When compared to the overall economy, non-white worker representation in Green Jobs is slightly lower in all occupation groups except Other Services and Professions.

GREEN JOB DEMOGRAPHICS | RACE & ETHNICITY
58%
47% 47%
63%62%
49% 51%
58%
Production, Construction,
and Transportation
Office, Management, and
Operations
Technical Services Other Services and
Professions
Non-White Representation by Occupational Groups in Richmond (2021) Green Jobs All Jobs
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Demographic data for jobs is not available for Richmond so all job demographics are based on Richmond job data and Contra Costa county demographic data. 76 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Green jobs are predominantly filled by male workers. Among job types, Green Skill Jobs have the lowest female representation. Similarly, non-green industries have lower female representation that green industries.

GREEN JOB DEMOGRAPHICS | GENDER
51% 50%
31% 29%
39%
35%
30%
Richmond's
Population
All Jobs All Green Jobs Green Skill Jobs Green
Supporting Jobs
Green
Industries
Non-Green
Industries
Female Representation, by Category (2021)
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Demographic data for jobs is not available for Richmond so all job demographics are based on Richmond job data and Contra Costa county demographic data. 77 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Female representation is slightly better in Production, Construction, Transportation occupations compared to the entire economy. Otherwise, all occupation groups have lower female representation than Richmond’s overall economy.

GREEN JOB DEMOGRAPHICS | GENDER
17%
43%
31%
43%
14%
54%
34%
58%
Production, Construction,
and Transportation
Office, Management, and
Operations
Technical Services Other Services and
Professions
Female Representation by Occupational Groups in Richmond (2021) Green Jobs All Jobs
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Demographic data for jobs is not available for Richmond so all job demographics are based on Richmond job data and Contra Costa county demographic data. 78 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Over the last decade, the pay gap between male and female workers has decreased by about $2.4K. The average wage of women in Green Jobs are increasing at a faster rate compared to their male counterparts and the overall economy.

GREEN JOB DEMOGRAPHICS | GENDER
$51,500
$72,600
$57,900
$76,600
2010 2021
Green Jobs Average Annual Earnings by Gender in Richmond Females Males
$45,500
All Jobs
$61,100
All Jobs
+34%
$6.4K (12%)

PAY GAP
$4K (6%)

PAY GAP
+32%+41%
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Demographic data for jobs is not available for Richmond so all job demographics are based on Richmond job data and Contra Costa county demographic data. 79 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Workers in Green Jobs largely resemble the age distribution of all jobs in Richmond, with slightly more 35- to 64-year-olds in Green Jobs than total jobs.

GREEN JOB DEMOGRAPHICS | AGE
1%
5%
18%
23% 23%
21%
10%
2%
7%
18%
21% 21%
19%
11%
14-18 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+
Age Representation in Richmond, by Category (2021)
Green Jobs All Jobs
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Demographic data for jobs is not available for Richmond so all job demographics are based on Richmond job data and Contra Costa county demographic data. 80 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile On average, Green Jobs in Richmond require more education than other jobs.

GREEN JOB DEMOGRAPHICS | EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENT
57%
72%
61%
55%
90% 89%
72%
Contra Costa
County's
Population
All Jobs All Green Jobs Green Skill Jobs Green
Supporting Jobs
Green
Industries
Non-Green
Industries
Education Attainment below B.A., by Category (2021)
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Demographic data for jobs is not available for Richmond so all job demographics are based on Richmond job data and Contra Costa county demographic data. 81 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Three-quarters of Green Jobs are entry-level positions, slightly fewer than the overall economy. 90% of Green Supporting Jobs do not require any previous work experience.

GREEN JOB DEMOGRAPHICS | EXPERIENCE
75% 72%
90%
83%
All Green Jobs Green Skill Jobs Green Supporting Jobs All Jobs Percent of Jobs in Richmond that are Entry-level, by Category (2021) Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data. Demographic data for jobs is not available for Richmond so all job demographics are based on Richmond job data and Contra Costa county demographic data. 82 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile 17%31%40% 12%
Key Takeaways
1 The racial and ethnic breakdown of Green Jobs is similar to that of the overall worker population in Contra Costa County.
2 Green industries tend to be more diverse than non-green industries, with significantly higher representation of Black and Hispanic workers, though slightly lower Asian representation. 3 Although wages in Green Jobs rose faster for non-white workers from 2010 to 2021 than for white workers, Black and Hispanic workers still earn $14,100 less per year than white workers. 4 Half of Richmond’s workforce is female, but less than one-third of its Green Jobs are women. 5 Among Green Jobs, there is a $4,000 pay gap between men and women, though it was almost

1.5 times as large in 2010.

GREEN JOBS | DEMOGRAPHICS
83 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

GREEN JOB TRENDS
RICHMOND’S
84 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Green Jobs make up a greater share of jobs in Richmond than in the County and the MSA.

However, between 2010-2019, Green Job growth in Richmond lagged the overall job growth, while in the County and the MSA, Green Jobs grew almost at par with overall jobs.

GREEN JOBS | COMPARATIVE GROWTH TRENDS
18%
20%
28%
11%
17%
29%
Richmond Contra Costa County San Francisco MSA
Jobs Growth, by Region (2010-2019)
All Jobs Green Jobs

1.8% CAGR

1.2% CAGR

2.8% CAGR

1.8% CAGR

2.0% CAGR

2.8% CAGR4.5%

3.2% 3.1%
Richmond Contra Costa
County
San Francisco
MSA
Share of Green Jobs in Entire
Workforce, by Region (2021)
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
85 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Green Jobs in Office, Management, and Operations have been the fastest growing, experiencing growth even during the COVID-19 pandemic. Production, Construction, and Transportation Green Jobs were most severely affected during the pandemic.

GREEN JOB TRENDS
578 696 713
938
973 894
421
460 445
230
277 255
2010 2019 2021
Richmond Green Jobs Growth by Occupation Group (2010-2021) Office, Management, and Operations Production, Construction, and Transportation Technical Services Other Services and Professions 2,167 Jobs
2,406 Jobs 2,308 Jobs
+47, 2.1% CAGR
+34, 0.4% CAGR
-23, -4.2% CAGR
-78, -4.1% CAGR
+119, 2.1% CAGR
+39, 1.0% CAGR
+17, 1.2% CAGR
-14, -1.6% CAGR
+239

1.2% CAGR
-98
-2.1% CAGR
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
86 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile +0%
0 +2%
0 +18%
1 +22%
1 +31%
2 +22%
3 +83%
6 +4%
6 +26%
7 +4%
8 +15%
9 +18%
18 +13%
28 +27%
38 +45%
47 +50%
119
Change in Green Jobs by Occupation in Richmond (2010 - 2021) -22%
-110
-13%
-16
-13%
-15
-12%
-14
-47%
-13
-1%
0 -1%
0 Management occupations are the fastest growing in terms of Green Jobs, followed by Business occupations. At the same time, Green Jobs in Transportation and Material Moving have declined by the greatest number in the past decade.

GREEN JOB TRENDS
17%31%40% 12%
Source: HR&A’s analysis of Lightcast data.
87 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Key Takeaways
1 In Richmond, Green Jobs grew at 1.2% per year from 2010 through 2019, a growth rate 50% slower than that of jobs overall.
2 In that period, green Office, Management, and Operations jobs grew faster than jobs in other occupations, comprising almost 50% of local Green Job growth. 3 Between 2019-2021, Green Jobs in Richmond showed less resilience compared to the County and the MSA. In Richmond, Green Jobs dipped by a sightly larger share compared to all jobs.

GREEN JOBS | TRENDS
88 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

GREEN JOB BUDGET ANALYSIS
RICHMOND’S
89 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile MUNICIPAL BUDGET ANALYSIS | OPERATING BUDGET
For FY22-23, Richmond’s total operating budget is just over $438M. This analysis focuses on the General Fund, which makes up nearly half of the operating budget, as General Fund spending is relatively flexible compared to funds for specific uses.

Source: Richmond Adopted Annual Budget FY2022-23Source: Richmond Adopted Annual Budget FY2022-23 Within city budgets, the General Fund is a key
source of discretionary funding. With $207M
total, the City staff and City Council can make
requests for how the funds are allocated year
over year.

For instance, in FY22-23, the City Council
allocated over $1.5M in funds to the following
programs: Housing First Framework ($425K),
founding the Public Bank East Bay ($750K),
Reparations, Equity, and Inclusion
Implementation ($250K), a Literacy Fair ($5K),
and Short-Term Emergency Housing
Interventions ($100K).

Most other revenue sources are allocated
more strictly. The total Non-General Fund
budget totals nearly $232M and “includes
funds dedicated to several programs and
services that require tracking of expenditures
in specific funds”, for instance, debt service
and enterprise funds.

General Fund
$207M
Enterprise
$71M
Special Revenue
$40M
Capital
Improvement
$37M
Other Operations
$27M
Internal Service
$25M
Debt Service
$22M
Housing
$5M Richmond Housing
Authority, $5M
City of Richmond Total Revenue by Fund (FY22-23)
90 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile General fund revenues come from a mix of local taxes, with property, utility, and sales and use taxes each comprising about 25% of total revenue. The utility tax rate is high compared to peers’, which could incentivize conservation but also burden lower-income taxpayers.

Source: Richmond Adopted Annual Budget FY2022-23
Sales and Use Tax,
$55.3M
Utility Users Tax,
$50.0M
Property Taxes,
$46.1M
Other Taxes, $21.6M
Operating Transfers
In, $16.6M
Licenses, Permits,
and Fees, $11.1M
Charges for Services,
$3.6M
Other General Fund
Sources, $2.4M
Wages and Salaries,
$78.8M
Payroll/Fringe Benefit,
$66.9M
Professional and
Administrative
Services, $17.0M
Cost Pool, $15.3M
Operating Transfers
Out, $11.9M
Other Operating,
$8.7M
Utilities, $5.4M
Other Expenditures,
$2.7M
Revenue Expenditures
Within a balanced general fund budget, the
City of Richmond’s revenue sources are fairly
typical of California cities, with the majority of
revenue coming from Sales and Use Tax
receipts and Property Tax receipts.

However, the City of Richmond’s Utility Users
Tax rate is much higher than other cities in
California. The City of Richmond taxes at 10%
on electricity and gas, 9% on
telecommunications, and 9.5% on prepaid
wireless (typically, utility user tax falls in the
4% to 6% range).

Revenue from utilities is a significant part of
the City budget, showing a connection to
Green Jobs in Richmond.

MUNICIPAL BUDGET ANALYSIS | OPERATING BUDGET
91 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Over 70% of General Fund expenses go to staff wages, salaries, and benefits. Of interest to the Green-Blue New Deal, the City spends $5.4 million on utilities, most of which is for electricity.

Source: Richmond Adopted Annual Budget FY2022-23
Sales and Use Tax,
$55.3M
Utility Users Tax,
$50.0M
Property Taxes,
$46.1M
Other Taxes, $21.6M
Operating Transfers
In, $16.6M
Licenses, Permits,
and Fees, $11.1M
Charges for Services,
$3.6M
Other General Fund
Sources, $2.4M
Wages and Salaries,
$78.8M
Payroll/Fringe Benefit,
$66.9M
Professional and
Administrative
Services, $17.0M
Cost Pool, $15.3M
Operating Transfers
Out, $11.9M
Other Operating,
$8.7M Utilities, $5.4M
Other Expenditures,
$2.7M
Revenue Expenditures
City spending on utilities is primarily in green
sectors like electricity and water, as opposed
to non-renewable sources like gas and fuel. By
increasing the electrification of City assets, it
can continue to drive down spending on non-
renewable energy. This may support Green
Jobs in construction and retrofits,
maintenance and upkeep, and even
monitoring and administration.

Note: The utility spending budget at right totals
$8.1M, as it includes non-general fund sources.

MUNICIPAL BUDGET ANALYSIS | OPERATING BUDGET
Source: Richmond Open Finance
$3.9M
$1.6M
$1.2M
$556K
$416K
$257K
$245K
$10K
Electricity & Power
Water
Telephone & Telegraph
Gas & Fuel Heat
Refuse Service
Utilities Expenditure Sum
Sewer Service Expenses
WIFI-Internet/Cable
Utility Spending (2023)
92 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Public Works, $26.6M
Wastewater
$794K
Economic
Development, $5.2M
Transportation
$1.8M
Public Works, $3.1M
Wastewater, $36.3M
Port, $1.3M
Equipment Services,
$6.0M
Capital Improvement Project Budget Other Sources
FY22-23 Capital Improvement Projects by Source
The FY22-23 operating budget includes $37 million in capital expenditures; beyond the operating budget, an additional $49M is allocated in capital improvements, bringing the total allocation to $85M.

Source: Richmond Adopted CIP Budget FY2022-23
This analysis additionally includes an overview
of relevant Capital Improvement Projects (CIP),
both for the current fiscal year (as shown at
right) and in future projections. In
departments or divisions related to Green
Jobs, CIP investments show opportunities to
support job growth in Richmond.

CIP funds come from a series of different
revenue sources. Those included in the annual
operating budget include Gas Tax, Measure J,
Outside Grants, Impact Fees, and others.

Additional funding, including revenue from the
Enterprise Fund, Marina, Wastewater, ARPA,
and other, are noted separately at right.

Departments with spending relevant to Green
Jobs are highlighted in green and blue. As seen
at right, the vast majority of the funds in the
upcoming year will go towards various Public
Works projects, described in further detail on
the following pages. Green Jobs opportunities
may also readily available in Transportation,
the Port, and Economic Development.
$37M
$49M
MUNICIPAL BUDGET ANALYSIS | CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS Note: This excludes $7,315,055 for Port Operations, $23,212,632 for Wastewater Operations, $1,155,168 for KCRT operations, $9,486,735 for ECIA Operations, $123,842 for Urban Forestry, $950,000 for Other Operations, and $293,593 for Marina Operations. These are not capital line items, though they are included in the Capital Improvement Projects section within the CIP. 93 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile The Public Works Department maintains much of the City’s infrastructure, including its roads and building, thus advancing the City’s climate goals and supporting Green Job creation.

The Department of Public Works contains
many Divisions responsible for various
aspects of City assets: Abatement, Parks and
Landscape Maintenance, Engineering and
Capital Improvement Projects, and Fleet
Maintenance.

Within the upcoming CIP, planned
improvements to green infrastructure,
including parks and trails, help support
environmental resilience. Other traffic
improvements, including the 13th Street
Complete Street project, help create and
improve walking and biking infrastructure.

Source: Richmond Adopted CIP Budget FY2022-23
Fiscal Year 2021-22 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 Five Year
TotalAdopted Actual Adopted Proposed
13th Street Complete Street $1.4M $0.1M $0.8M $3M $3.8M American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA)
Improvements* $2M $0M $1.8M $0.9M
Street Paving $5.3M $2.4M $4.9M $4.8M $4.9M $4.9M $5M $24.5M Traffic Safety Improvements $11.9M $4.8M $4.2M $260K $260K $260K $260K $5.3M Greenway Improvements $0.4M $0.1M $0.1M $0.1M
Building Improvements $1.1M $0.1M $1M $1M
Park Improvements $11.7M $0.8M $9.9M $9.9M
SF Bay Trail Improvements $1.1M $10K $1M $1M
Other $11M $1.9M $5.9M $1M $1M $1M $1M $11M
Total $46M $10.2M $29.7M* $9M $6.2M $6.2M $6.3M $57.5M
MUNICIPAL BUDGET ANALYSIS | CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS Note: Rows above are summed categorizations of similar project types. * ARPA-funded projects are included in “Other Sources” in prior slide. 94 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile The Water Resources Recovery Division is planning nearly $48.1M in public improvement projects, which can support Green Jobs in environmental compliance and water safety.

The Water Resource Recovery Division, within
the Public Works Department, is responsible
for the city’s sewer collection system and
wastewater treatment. The Division is a
heavily resourced division due to the need for
frequent upkeep and replacement of assets
like sewers and sanitation. Most projects in
the Division are compulsory and help the City
avoid sanitary sewer overflows.

Green Jobs can both help keep water systems
safe and improve the efficiency of operations.

For instance, one improvement at the
Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is the
installation of a unit to reuse the digester gas
and provide power for the Wastewater
Treatment Plant, thus reducing energy
consumption.

Water Resource Recovery can increasingly use
“green infrastructure” or more ecologically
conscious techniques as well. At Rheem Creek
Watershed, the Flood Risk Reduction project is
designed to use environmental restoration to
stabilize the channel and improve creek
habitat.

Source: Richmond Adopted CIP Budget FY2022-23
MUNICIPAL BUDGET ANALYSIS | CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS Fiscal Year 2021-22 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 Five Year
TotalAdopted Actual Adopted Proposed
Wastewater Treatment Plant
(WWTP) Upgrades $43.2M $12.9M $25.7M $25.7M
Routine Sewer Maintenance $6.2M $2.1M $4.1M $2.8M $2.8M $2.8M $2.8M $15.1M Sewer Capacity Improvements $14.6M $3.9M $5.2M $5.2M
Flood Risk Reduction Rheem
Creek Watershed $1.6M $1.6M
Other $1.6M $515K $515K
Total $65.7M $18.81M $37.1M $2.75M $2.75M $2.75M $2.75M $48.1M Note: Rows above are summed categorizations of similar project types. 95 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Planned improvements at the Port, including berth electrification, show areas for Green Jobs in both installation and maintenance of electrification infrastructure.

At the Port, major improvements are planned
for the Point Potrero Marine Terminal (PPMT)
in order to meet updated state requirements.

Over the upcoming fiscal year, $1.2M will be
spent on upgrades and improvements. Most
significantly, $750K will be used to “install
shore power system consistent with the
requirements of the California Air Resources
Board. This project will install electrical
substation, conduits, conductors, and plug-in
equipment at the PPMT berth.”
However, no planned investments in
electrification maintenance are noted for
upcoming fiscal years. Green Jobs will likely be
needed for operation and maintenance of
these electrical systems, including monitoring
and updating the equipment.

Source: Richmond Adopted CIP Budget FY2022-23
MUNICIPAL BUDGET ANALYSIS | CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS Fiscal Year 2021-22 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 Five Year
TotalAdopted Actual Adopted Proposed
PPMT Berth Electrification $750K $750K
PPMT Repairs and General
Upgrades $151K $44K $400K $400K
PPMT Environmental
Compliance $100K $100K
PPMT Electrical Upgrades $50K $35K
Terminal 2 Improvements $504K $4K
Other $139K
Total $844K $82K $1.25M $1.25M
Note: Rows above are summed categorizations of similar project types. 96 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Outside grants given to the Transportation Department advance Green Jobs through programs in shared mobility and citywide electric vehicle readiness.

All CIP funding for the Transportation
Department fall under FY22-23 and were
provided by outside grants. For instance, the
California Energy Commission’s (CEC’s) Clean
Transportation Program released funds for
“projects developed and identified in Phase I,
Blueprint Development, of the Electric Vehicle
(EV) Ready Communities Challenge.”
Outside funds can continue to supplement
Green Jobs, particularly in sectors that are
aligned with state and federal priorities like
transportation electrification. Many grant
funds require some match of local funding; as
additional projects seek grant funding, the City
should consider holding or proposing funds
for matching grants.

Source: Richmond Adopted CIP Budget FY2022-23
FY2022-23 Adopted
Bike Share Program (Staff Time) $52,000
CEC Phase II EV Ready Communities Phase 2 $554,949
MTC Nystrom Village Hub $261,646
On Demand Shuttle $900,000
Total $1,768,595
MUNICIPAL BUDGET ANALYSIS | CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS 97 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile In addition to the budgeted projects in the five-year CIP, there are $242M in unfunded CIP requests. $193M are proposed to be allocated in the next five years; the remaining $48M do not yet have a fiscal years assigned and are primarily in the Public Works Department.

Source: Richmond Adopted CIP Budget FY2022-23
Adopted
FY2022-23
Proposed
FY2023-24
Proposed
FY2024-25
Proposed
FY2025-26
Proposed
FY202627
Fiscal Year
Not Yet
Assigned
Total
Police Department $2M $78M $80M
Public Works Department $4M $13M $15M $1M $43M $75M
Library Department $1M $3M $24M $24M $1M $52M
Fire Department $1M $16M $1M $17M
Information Technology
Department $3M $2M $2M $1M $8M
Community Services
Department
City Attorney Department $1M $1M $0M $1M $3M
Employment & Training
Department $0M $300K
Total $14M $113M $41M $26M $48M $242M
Over the next five years, additional projects
with opportunities to invest in Green Jobs may
come from capital projects that are currently
unfunded but with proposed allocation dates.

In the Public Works Department, unfunded
requests include upgrades to HVAC, lighting
systems, roofs and repairs, and other facility
improvements that can help make Richmond’s
buildings more environmentally sustainable.

Funds requested in the Library Department
and Community Services Department
represent similar opportunities – by improving
the energy efficiency of Richmond’s assets, the
City can create Green Jobs in heating and
cooling system repairs while also improving its
internal carbon efficiency.

Capital Unfunded Request FY2022/23 to FY2026/27
MUNICIPAL BUDGET ANALYSIS | UNFUNDED CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS Note: Rows above are summed categorizations of similar project types. 98 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Key Takeaways
1 The City Council has flexibility to set spending priorities within the $207M General Fund and could set aside some funds to support Green Job development in Richmond. 2 4

MUNICIPAL BUDGET ANALYSIS
Richmond has planned significant infrastructure investments for the next five years, many of which support environmental resilience and create Green Jobs in both construction and operation of those projects. For example:
• Improving efficiency of city-owned buildings
• Maintaining clean water infrastructure
• Expanding ecological restoration and “green infrastructure” projects like parks and trails • Electrifying the Port
• Installing necessary equipment for electric vehicles
City Departments could place greater emphasis on encouraging capital improvement project leaders to seek and secure funds for green projects.
3 Many other capital improvement projects remain unfunded, including park and open space restorations, updating the heating and cooling system at libraries, adding lighting to the auditorium stage, and other facility improvements that could achieve environmental benefits. 99 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

ADDITIONAL

METHODOLOGICAL
NOTES
03 99 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile 100 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

GREEN ECONOMY
Definitions of the green economy and Green Jobs vary across institutions, but all share a focus on environmental sustainability.

Example Green Economy Definitions
State of California EDD:California’s Green Economy
Generating and storing renewable energy; recycling existing materials; energy efficient product manufacturing; education, compliance, and awareness; natural and sustainable product manufacturing.

United Nations
A green economy is defined as low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive. In a green economy, growth in employment and income are driven by public and private investment into such economic activities, infrastructure and assets that allow reduced carbon emissions and pollution, enhanced energy and resource efficiency, and prevention of the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Example Green Job Definition
Bureau of Labor Statistics​
Green Jobs are jobs in businesses that produce goods or provide services that benefit the environment or conserve natural resources.

Or
Jobs in which workers’ duties involve making their establishment’s production processes more environmentally friendly or use fewer natural resources
101 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Broad Definitions
European Commission
All economic activities related to oceans, seas and coasts. It covers a wide range of interlinked established and emerging sectors. United Nations.

The Center for the Blue Economy
It is now a widely used term around the world with three related but distinct meanings—the overall contribution of the oceans to economies, the need to address the environmental and ecological sustainability of the oceans, and the ocean economy as a growth opportunity for both developed and developing countries.

Sustainability-related Definitions
World Bank
The Blue Economy is the economy that depends on the use of oceans and other water resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs while preserving the health of ocean ecosystems.

City of Richmond Resolution 88-21
Blue Economy is not synonymous with all economic activity that occurs on coastlines and shorelines or any use of water resources, nor simply technological innovation involving water-based industries. The Blue Economy represents a narrower band of economic activity that is restorative to ocean and shoreline ecosystems and promotes broad- based economic opportunity including “blue jobs”
Blue economy definitions refer to any economic activities that are water/ocean-dependent or to a subset of those activities that are environmentally sustainable or restorative.

BLUE ECONOMY
102 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile For this Green-Blue New Deal study, the green-blue economy includes the entire green economy, with a special focus on the subset that is water-dependent or “green-blue”.

GREEN-BLUE ECONOMY
Blue Economy
Any activity that depends
on water (e.g., fisheries,
goods shipping, offshore
drilling).

Green Economy
Activities that contribute to
preserving or enhancing the
natural environment for
current and future
generations
Industries that
depend on
water but are
not sustainable
Industries included in
this Green-Blue New
Deal study
Water-dependent activities
that also preserve or enhance
the natural environment
103 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Green jobs are both jobs at green businesses and sustainability-focused jobs in non- green industries.

CATEGORIZATION
Businesses
Classified by
Industry
Workers
Classified by
Occupation
Business establishments
are grouped into
industries based on the
goods and services they
produce and the methods
used to produce them.

Workers are grouped into
occupations based on job
duties and skills.

North American
Industry Classification
System (NAICS)
Standard
Occupational
Classification (SOC)
System

CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM

EXAMPLESGROUPINGS
104 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile HR&A reviewed top precedents and data sources related to the quantification of Green Jobs.

Study Dataset
Green Goods
and Services
(GGS)
U.S. Energy &
Employment
Jobs Report
(USEER)
Green and
Growing: New
York's
Sustainable
Economy
Green Jobs Now Quarterly
Census of
Employment
and Wages
(QCEW)
Jobs Postings
Publisher Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS)
U.S. Department of
Energy
New York State
Comptroller
Working Nation
(ongoing)
Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS),
compiled by
Lightcast
Lightcast, by
scraping 45,000
websites worldwide
Focus Revenue and
employment driven
by green goods and
services
Energy sector jobs Green jobs in New
York state
Creating a holistic
Green Jobs
definition
Employment
numbers and
trends
Job postings
mentioning
particular skills
Strength Most comprehensive
survey to date on
green economy
Comprehensive
energy sector
accounting on
industry level
Specificity in Green
Occupations by
using O*NET SOC
Exhaustive
comparison of
different studies
and their estimates
Most
comprehensive
employment data
with ZIP level
granularity
Machine learning
based
categorization of
Green Skills
Limitation Discontinued after
2011
Limited to energy
sector
Makes problematic
assumptions about
distribution of sub-
occupations
Ongoing effort;
industries and
occupations lack
granularity
No specific
categorization for
Green Jobs
Limited insight on
current jobs;
proprietary data
and skill coding
methodology

PRECEDENTS & DATASETS
105 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Drawing on available datasets, we developed a methodology to deliver actionable results for the Richmond's workforce development plan, with a focus on Green Skills.

Green Industries
Non-Green Industries
Green
Skill Jobs
Green
Supporting Jobs
Green
Skill Jobs
Non-Green Jobs
(excluded)
Total Green Jobs
Top Occupation:

Recyclable Material Collectors
Top Occupation:

General and Operations Managers
Top Occupation:

School Bus Drivers

METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW
106 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile Lightcast (formerly EMSI) identifies over 30,000 skills sought by employers, of which over 100 are considered “green.”
Lightcast Green Skill Category Example Green Skills
Conservation Marine Conservation, Conservation Biology, Wildlife Conservation Education Ecology, Environmental Education, Sustainable Development Energy Efficiency Certified Energy Manager, Corporate Sustainability, Green Building Environment Health And Safety Air Quality, ISO 1400 Series, Environmental Tests, Regulatory Environmental Laws, Environmental Impact Assessments Renewable Energy NABCEP Certified Energy Practitioner, Solar Energy, Wind Farming Science Climate Variability And Change, Environmental Chemistry Technical Environment Management, Geotechnical Engineering Waste Recycling, Waste Management, Materials Recovery

METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW
107 | HR&A AdvisorsRichmond Green-Blue New Deal Community Profile

METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW
This study uses the best available data on jobs and job postings in Richmond to estimate the number of Green Jobs and characterize worker demographics. *HR&A is relying on Lightcast (formerly EMSI), a third-party labor data aggregation firm, to gather the share of job postings in various industries with green skills as a share of total jobs postings over the last 3-5 years. Lightcast has a Green Skills category established through benchmarking popular studies on green jobs, which can be modified if needed to suit our definitions.

Total Estimated
Green Skill Jobs
in Richmond
Occupations and Worker
Demographics
Green Skills and
Occupational Groups
Job Postings with Green
Skills in Richmond
Total Job Postings in
Richmond
Major Companies
Total Jobs in
Richmond, by
Occupation
(Lightcast
Estimate)
Green Skill Requirement
Percentage, by Occupation

1. Using historic job postings on
Lightcast1, first determine the
percentage of jobs in each
occupation that require Green Skills.

2. Pro-rate each occupation’s share of
Green Skill Jobs by applying the
green skill requirement percentage
to the total number of jobs in that
occupation.

Total Green
Supporting Jobs
in Richmond

1. Using Lightcast1, calculate total jobs
in green industries, based on a
national Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) survey on the percent of each
industry’s revenue derived from
green activities.

2. Subtract the Green Skill Jobs in green
industries previously calculated to
estimate the number of jobs that are
in green industries but do not
require Green Skills.

GREEN SUPPORTING JOBS

GREEN SKILL JOBS
Total Jobs in
Green Industries
in Richmond
(Lightcast
Estimate)
Total Green Skill Jobs in
Green Industries in
Richmond

3. Categorize Green Skill Jobs and
Green Supporting Jobs to enable
more nuanced analysis along
dimensions including skills,
occupation groups, major
companies, and demographics.