Richmond City Council
January 20, 2026

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Advancements in technology and software have brought a new level of condition assessment information to utility managers. The purpose of this section is to discuss the use of flow data as a tool in condition assessment. A description of improvements in flow meter technology is discussed in Section 4.5.

Historically, flow data have been used in Sewer System Evaluation Survey (SSES) as a screening tool to prioritize areas for further study. Flow data presented over a period of time are useful in demonstrating the system impacts due to rainfall or elevated groundwater. It provides the required information to calibrate a hydraulic model or conduct I/I studies. The hydraulic model can then be used as a predictive tool to project overflow and/or surcharged conditions for various design storms.

The following is a list of the most common indirect measurements that allow an operator to assess the general condition or rate of I/I:
x Average Daily Dry Weather Flow includes the average flow from a sewershed, which is composed of the wastewater production rate and base infiltration of the system. x Base Wastewater Flow is estimated on the number and type of sewer users, domestic water usage records, and predicted diurnal flow variations. It equates to the anticipated flow rate of only wastewater in the system.
x Groundwater infiltration is determined by subtracting the estimated Base Wastewater Flow from the Average Daily Dry Weather Flow.
x Capture coefficient or percentage of rainfall that enters the sewer. x Relationship between rainfall and peak flow rate.

The I/I values are valuable for planning purposes, providing a good indicator of pipe conditions upstream of a flow meter. As the sub-areas for which data are collected increase in size, flow data are less useful as a predictive tool for condition assessment. It does, however, provide the data to quantify groundwater infiltration and wet weather derived flow for the area tributary to the metering location.

The real value of flow monitoring data of sewers is developing a database on long-term historic trends in order to determine seasonal variations and impacts of wet weather. Flow data provide the direct correlation needed to determine if performance measures are being attained. Flow data are also useful as a screening tool to determine problems areas of a system that require further study by other means.

The traditional method of viewing flow data is hydrographs, which reveal information on condition upstream of flow meters. Alternatively, flow data can be viewed as scattergraphs, which provide information on hydraulic conditions downstream, or in the vicinity of, a flow meter. Scattergraphs are created by plotting flow depth versus flow velocity data. When flow meters are working correctly, a normal pipe curve is plotted unless normal open channel flow is not occurring. In these cases, the scattergraph data can be used to identify such hydraulic restrictions as silt or obstacles, bottlenecks, and negative grade pipe, as well as surcharged conditions.

2.4.2 Structural Condition
For wastewater collection systems, analysis of inspection data generally involves coding the defects based on both the type and severity of defects. Structural pipe defects and hydraulic restrictions encountered during the inspection need to be ranked by severity level based on the potential to negatively impact the system’s hydraulic capacity.

The WRc, located in the United Kingdom, developed a set of standards to rank the severity of pipe defects found in an inspection. European authorities adopted these standards as their benchmark pipe defect coding standard. In 2001, NASSCO developed a set of coding standards based on the WRc system (NAASCO, 2001). The NASSCO PACP standards have succ essfully become the industry standard for coding pipe defects. NASSCO has also developed the MACP, which is similar to PACP but applies to manholes instead of pipelines. NASSCO has training programs to certify and train inspection

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professionals in PACP and MACP. NASSCO has begun work on developing a coding system for service laterals.

The PACP coding system categorizes defects and features into five sections: continuous defect coding, structural defect coding, operational and maintenance coding, construction features coding, and miscellaneous features coding. For each type of defect, the PACP uses a combination of capital letters to describe the type of defect and a number to rank the severity of the defect. An example is “FL” for a longitudinal fracture. Defect codes are recorded on a standardized form along with pertinent system data including defect type, continuous distance of the defect, severity, size, circumferential location (clock location), joint number, image/video reference number, and comments.

A brief description of the PACP defect coding system is described below:
x Continuous Defect Coding: Continuous defect coding is made up of two separate coding classifications. The first is called “Truly”. Trul y continuous defects are defects that run along the sewer for a minimum distance of three ft. These defects include longitudinal fractures and cracks. “Repeated” continuous defect coding defects are continuous defects that occur at regular intervals along the pipe. The se usually occur at pipe joints and include encrustation, open joints, and circumferential fractures. Continuous defect coding can be used in conjunction with other types of coding to accurately describe defects on the PACP form.
x Structural Defect Coding: Structural defect coding is made up of a number of separate coding classifications. This section uses coding to define the type of defects that are related to structural degradation of the pipe due to various reasons. The coding under structural defects are as follows: crack (C), fracture (F), broken (B), hole (H), deformed (D), collapse (X), joint (J), surface damage (S), lining failure (LF), weld failure (WF), point repair (PR), and brick work (BW). Under each of these subtitles there are also other letters to further define the type of defect. For example: HSV is for a hole with visible soil. x Operational and Maintenance Defect Coding: This section uses coding to define the type of defects that are related to lack of maintenance on the pipe system. Operational and maintenance defect coding is made up of a number of separate coding classifications as follows: deposits (D), roots (R), infiltration (I), obstacles (OB), and vermin (V). Under each of these subtitles there are also other letters to further define the type of defect. For example:

VR designates that there are vermin, specifically, rats in the pipe. x Construction Features Coding: This section uses coding to define construction features located in or around the pipe system. Construction features coding is made up of a number of separate coding classifications as follows: tap (T), intruding seal material (IS), line (L), and access point (A). Under each of these subtitles the re are also other letters to further define the type of defect. For example: AMH designates that th ere is an access point in the line that is a manhole.
x Miscellaneous Features Coding: Miscellaneous features coding is made up of a number of separate subcoding classifications. This section uses coding to define miscellaneous (M) features in the pipe system. Under this subtitle there are also other letters to further define the type of defect. For example: MCU designates that th e camera is underwater.

The PACP uses a numerical grading system to define the severity of pipe defects. Condition grades for structural defects and operation and maintenance (O&M) defects are assigned based on the risk of further deterioration or failure. The numerical system uses numbers ranging from 1 to 5 with 1 being the best

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and 5 being the worst. The severity ranking conside rs the immediate defect, risk of failure, and rate of deterioration.
x Grade 5 – Pipe segment has failed or will likely fail within the next five years. Pipe segment requires immediate attention.
x Grade 4 – Pipe segment has severe defects with the risk of failure within the next five to ten years.
x Grade 3 – Pipe segment has moderate defects. Deterioration may continue, but not for ten to twenty years.
x Grade 2 – Pipe segment has minor defects. Pipe is unlikely to fail for at least 20 years. x Grade 1 – Pipe segment has minor defects. Failure is unlikely in the foreseeable future.

Pipe ratings are based on the number of occurrences for each condition grade and are calculated separately for both structural and O&M defects for each pipe segment. Each pipe segment will be assigned a segment grade based on the number of occurrences of each graded defect. The graded defect is multiplied by the number of occurrences, and this equals the segment grade. The overall pipe rating is calculated by adding all of the segment grades per pipeline. The structural defects are added separately from the O&M grades, so each pipeline receives two separate grades.

The PACP also uses a quick grading system, which is a shorthand method of expressing the number of occurrences for the 2 highest grade levels. The quick grading system uses four characters:

1. The first character is the highest severity grad e occurring along the pipe length.

2. The second character is the total number of occu rrences of the highest severity grade. If the total number exceeds 9, then alphabetic characters are used as follows: 10 to 14-A, 15-19-B, 20 to 24-C and so on.

3. The third character is the next highest severity grade occurring along the pipe length.

4. The fourth character is the total number of the second highest severity grade occurrences, which is formatted the same way as the second character.

For example, a code of 3224 would equate to two grade 3 defects and four grade 2 defects in a pipe segment. This also shows that no grade 4 or 5 defects were found. The quick grading system allows the pipe defects to be summarized in an efficient manner. As with the longhand method, structural defects are graded separately from O&M defects.

2.5 Decision Making
Decision making for condition assessment of a wastewater collection system entails understanding the possible risks and determining at what point a utility should intervene to avoid a failed condition with an unacceptable cost and/or consequence. It is important to note that condition assessment alone does not provide any benefit in risk reduction. The follow-up decision making process that leads to prioritization ranking and rehabilitation ranking followed by action to fix problems and upgrade the system is what leads to risk reduction.

The purpose of this section is to highlight and summarize the decision making process, the final step in the condition assessment process. In addition to inspection data, the utility requires supplemental data on long-term asset performance to aid in the decision making process.

Marlow et al. (2007) posed the following questions that need to be addressed to provide the required information for decision making:
x What are the consequences of asset failure?

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x What are the costs to replace/rehabilitate the ass ets? x What alternatives exist, given the results of the condition and performance assessment (e.g., replacement, deferment, rehabilitation, non-structural maintenance)? Important definitions to consider are failed condition and service life. The American Concrete Institute defines service life as the period of time following installation during which all properties exceed minimum accepted standards when routinely maintained.
x Technical service life – period of time until an u nacceptable condition is reached. x Functional service life – period of time until the system element no longer provides functional service.
x Economic service life – period of time until it be comes economically more effective to replace or rehab than to continue to operate in its current condition.

The objective for the decision making model is to understand risk and to determine when to intervene to avoid unacceptable consequences (e.g., economic, socio-economic, environmental). However, it is not possible to have a robust decision making model without obtaining sufficient condition data to track pipe deterioration and to understand the pipe or system failure modes.

In general terms, decisions on pipe rehabilitation/replacement can be made based on one or more of the following: engineering calculations, probability of failure, and remaining life estimation. x Engineering Calculations: Inspection data are interpreted deterministically. An example would be to calculate structural condition of a pipe segment directly based on measured minimum wall thickness, actual loading conditions, and existing soil bedding. A second example of this methodology is the calculation of hydraulic capacity. Flow data can provide direct measurement of actual flow conditions; and then be interpolated using a hydraulic model to calculate hydraulic capacity of a pipe segment under current or projected conditions.

Both of these examples illustrate a direct calculation of the condition or performance of the pipe segment. If it does not meet the required desi gn conditions or performance conditions, then replacement or rehabilitation is required.
x Probability of Failure: This type of output would ideally provide a direct forecast of pipe deterioration over time. If a utility have the data to support this type of forecast, then an intervention could be implemented before an unacceptable level of service occurred. In practice, it is difficult and potentially costly to directly determine the probability of failure.

However, the American Concrete Institute (2000) did reference studies and models to predict failure rate in reinforced concrete pipe. Regressio n forecasts and models were developed to predict failure of reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) based on chloride concentrations, extent of spalling and mechanical loading conditions, and sulfate concentration. Repeated data collection and analysis over time are required to obtain the decay curves based on the different paths to failure and the system or environmental conditions that exacerbate each failure mode.
x Remaining Life Estimation: Remaining life estimation is commonly used to characterize condition of buried assets. Remaining life is defined as the duration of time until an unacceptable condition exists or an asset no longer meets its primary function. Standard coding systems are used to define condition and performance. NASSCO’s PACP system, discussed in Section 2.4.2, has become the standard to follow in the United States for wastewater pipe systems.

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A variety of decision making models have been developed for sewer assets. WERF is developing a web- based model based on remaining economic life of water and wastewater pipes. T-WARP is a software program that uses fuzzy logic to analyze the possibilities of pipe failure. The European Union’s Computer-Aided Rehabilitation Program for Sewers (CARE-S) is a software program that supports efficiency in rehabilitation decisions. McDonald and Zhao (2001) propose a matrix approach for decision making based on asset condition grades and an impact assessment rating as summarized in Table 2-1.

The term impact assessment is defined by the authors as a weighted average of six separate impact factors: location, soil support, size, depth, sewer function, and seismic factors.

Table 2-1: Condition Assessment Matrix
Asset condition
grade*
Implication of asset
condition
Impact assessment Action Inspection
frequency
5 Failed or imminent failure 1 to 5 Immediate NA
4 Condition poor, high risk of
structural failure
5 Immediate NA
1 to 4 High 2 to 6 years
3 Condition poor, moderate
structural risk
4 to 5 Medium 3 yrs
1 to 3 Low 5 to 10 years
2 Fair condition, minimal
structural risk
5 Medium 5 years
1 to 4 Low 10 to 15 years
0 to 1 Good condition 5 Not required 10 years
1 to 4 15 to 25 years
* Condition grade is based on WRc coding system (Manual of Sewer Condition Assessment, WRc 2003).

NA – Not Applicable
Source: McDonald and Zhao, 2001

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3.0 Dynamics of Wastewater Collection System Failure
In conducting condition assessment, it is important to understand the dynamics of pipe failure including the level, type, and severity of a failure mechanism. Failure modes can include sudden, catastrophic collapse of a pipe or restricted hydraulic capacity. The purpose of condition assessment is to detect pipe defects which indicate the likelihood of pipe failure, as well as to assess the collection system’s performance. This section discusses the mechanisms of pipe failure, the various types of pipe defects, and the relationship between the condition of a pipe and its performance. It is important to understand that pipe failure and defects are highly dependent upon the pipe material, diameter, and type of sewer (e.g. force main, gravity line).

3.1 Failure Mechanisms
Pipe failures can be grouped into three general categories according to the cause of failure: hydraulic restrictions (e.g. blockage), hydraulic capacity, and structural condition. The following sections provide additional details on these failure mechanisms.

3.1.1 Hydraulic Restrictions
The primary function of a wastewater collection system is to convey wastewater; therefore, hydraulic capacity and factors that limit it are of paramount concern. Hydraulic restrictions are the most prevalent condition encountered in wastewater collection systems. The characteristics of untreated wastewater are such that accumulation of sediment, grease, and rags is a constant maintenance item. There are situations in larger diameter sewers, especially combined sewers, when large items create obstructions and rapid hydraulic restrictions. This can lead to street and basement flooding.

Standards used for hydraulic design mandate minimum slopes for various pipe diameters to achieve scouring velocities that minimize debris accumulation. However, there are many external conditions that encourage debris accumulation (e.g . root intrusion, grease, pipe sags).

Blockages are easily detected by visual inspection. The direct cause of a blockage sometimes is not evident. For most conditions, the failure rate is s low over time. A standard maintenance program for cleaning and flushing sewers is typically adequate to control blockages. The types of defects that fall within the category of hydraulic restrictions are as follows: root intrusion, sediment accumulation, and grease build-up. It should be noted that off-set jo ints and pipe sags can directly impact pipe flow thereby creating low velocity conditions that are conducive to solids deposition.

3.1.2 Hydraulic Capacity
Failure due to hydraulic capacity is defined as a pipe segment not having adequate, available capacity for the designed conditions. The failure condition may be caused by excessive I/I, pipe deformation, and/or inadequate slope.

I/I have a direct impact on the capacity available to convey wastewater. The groundwater and storm water enter the collection system through direct connections or indirectly via cracks and defects. Zero I/I is not a realistic design objective. The hydraulic design of new sewers considers an anticipated level of I/I in determining pipe size.

Pipe deformation and inadequate slope directly impact the hydraulic capacity of the pipe. Flow can be calculated based on the Manning’s equation for normal flow conditions:

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2/3 *S 1/2 Q = 1/n *A* R h
Whereas
Q = Flow 2 (volume per time).

A = Cross-sectional flow area (area).
n = Manning’s roughness coefficient.

Rh = Hydraulic radius (length).

S = Pipe slope.

The mathematical relationship of change in area due to pipe deformation or inadequate slope is self- evident. A decrease in flow area and/or pipe slope will result in a proportional decrease in flow capacity.

Failure due to hydraulic capacity is often a sign of other types of defects such as structural defects. Major sources of I/I can be cracks, broken pipes, leaks from manhole frames and covers, and off-set joints. Pipe sags and areas of inadequate pipe slope can be due to loss of pipe bedding or inadequate construction controls.

3.1.3 Structural Failure
Structural failure is caused by defects of the pipe wall and/or the soil envelope used to support the pipe.

In general, the types of defects that are associated with structural failure include cracks, misaligned or off- set joints, pipe deflection, cracked manhole frames and covers, and internal and external corrosion.

Internal corrosion is caused by hydrogen sulfide formation, and external corrosion is due to soil corrosivity.

The pipe is supported by a soil envelope that consists of the soil bedding and the cover soil. The soil bedding acts as the foundation for the pipe and distributes the vertical load around the exterior of the pipe wall. The pipe is subjected to live loads and earth loads. The goal of the bedding design is to transmit this load to the bedding and avoid point loads on the pipe. Loss of bedding can result in the pipe bridging areas of reduced bedding. This can lead to pipe deflection, pipe deformation, and longitudinal cracking.

Increased traffic load or loss of soil cover is another cause of structural failure.

The type and degree of failure differ by pipe material. Some pipe material (e.g. PCCP) is susceptible to sudden failure while others fail gradually and are easily detected by visual inspections. Typical failure modes for various types of pipe material used in sewer collection systems include:
x Ferrous Pipe (Ductile Iron, Cast Iron, Steel) - The primary failure mode for metal pipes is internal or external corrosion, which leads to breaks or holes in the pipe wall. Cast iron in particular is brittle, making these pipes prone to cracking. Large diameter steel pipes are susceptible to collapse as well as corrosion.
x Concrete Pipe (RCP, PCCP) - Corrosion is often a major factor in the structural failure of concrete pipe. RCP typically fails after the interi or surface of the pipe wall has deteriorated to such a degree that the reinforcing steel is exposed. As the reinforcing steel corrodes, it swells, beginning to break up the surrounding concrete and causing failure. PCCP has a distinctive failure mechanism as failure occurs when the pre-stressed wires break, generally as a result of corrosion or direct physical damage to the pipe. x Ceramic-based pipe (Brick, Vitrified Clay Pipe (VCP)) - Brick pipes generally fail by collapse, often caused by weakened mortar. VCP fails when external loads create cracks in 2 Please note a factor of 1.49 is used when utilizing British Units.

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the material. Failure is often exacerbated by the loss of surrounding soil into the pipe after initial fracture leading to void formation and loss of soil support to the pipe. x Plastic Pipe (Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), High-density Polyethylene (HDPE)) - The primary failure mode of plastic pipe is environmental stress cracking, which occurs from stress developed in a deflected pipe or due to slow crack growth, a phenomenon that occurs when a pipe is subjected to long duration tensile stress. Leaking joints can also contribute to plastic pipe failure.

3.2 Pipe Defects
Sewer defects are generally categorized as service or structural. Structural defects include cracks, fractures, breaks, deformations, collapses, joint displacements, and open joints. Service defects include tree roots, obstructions, debris, and encrustation. Pipe defects can also be classified by whether the y are defects of the internal pipe surface, a pipe wall defect, a leak, or an alignment defect. Thomson et al. (2004) classify defects as internal pipe surface (sediment, debris, and roots), pipe wall (pipe sags and deflections, pits and voids, corrosion and metal loss, off-set joints, pipe cracks, broken pre-stressed wires, wall thickness, service connections and deteriorated insulation), leakage, and pipe support (bedding condition and voids).

The most prevalent defects in wastewater collection systems are cracks/broken pipe, root intrusion, sediment, grease build-up, off-set joints, corrosion, frame and cover leaks, and pipe sags. However, pipe defects vary with the pipe material and pipe diameter. Because gravity lines and force mains are generally constructed of different materials, they are susceptible to different types of defects.

Gravity pipes are usually constructed of VCP or PVC which are prone to grease build-up and joint misalignment/leakage. However, VCP is likely to experience cracks/breaks and root intrusion, whereas PVC is more likely to have excessive deflection, grade and/or alignment issues, and lateral connection defects.

Unlike gravity pipes, most force mains are constructed of ferrous materials (i.e., welded steel, ductile iron, or cast iron) or plastic (PVC, HDPE). Large diameter force mains have also been constructed of PCCP. While ferrous pipes tend to experience defect s similar to VCP and PVC, internal and external corrosion are the primary defects. Table 3-1 provides a summary of the most common pipe defects by pipe material from a recent utility survey (Thomson et al ., 2004).

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Table 3-1: Most Common Pipe Defects Identified
Defect
Concrete Ferrous Ceramic Plastic
Concrete pipe
Asbestos
cement
PCCP/
CCP
Cast iron/
ductile iron
Steel
VCP
Brick
PVC
HDPE
Internal pipe surface
Root intrusion x x x x x x x x
Grease build-up x x x x x x x x
Pipe wall condition
Cracks/ broken pipe x x x
Internal corrosion x x x x
External corrosion x x x
Leakage
General x x x x x
Joint leakage x x
Leaking laterals x x
Alignment/grade
Alignment x x x
Joint misalignment x x x x
Excessive deflection x x x
Grade x x
Other 1 2 3 4
1 – Liner separation, weld failure 3 – Lateral co nnections 2 – Missing bricks, soft mortar, vertical deflection, collapse 4 – Pressure capacity (force mains only) Source: Thomson et al. (2004). Reprinted with permission from WERF.

3.3 Correlations between Assessed Conditions and Perfo rmance Measures The measure of performance for a wastewater collection system can be based on four critical areas:
service level, regulatory compliance, public health and safety, and environmental protection (Fleury and Warner, 2007). The subsections below describe how t hese performance measures can be correlated to pipe condition.
x Service Level: Wastewater utilities strive to provide continuous, efficient service for their customers. Pipe conditions that affect service level include defects or conditions that affect the available hydraulic capacity to convey current and future planned wastewater flows.

Excess hydraulic capacity in a newly constructed piping system can diminish over time due to many types of defects: corrosion, I/I, sediment accumulation, pipe deflections, and cross- connections.
x Regulatory Compliance: Wastewater utilities must comply with existing regulations. The Clean Water Act (CWA) prohibits discharges of pollutants to waters of the U.S., unless authorized by a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit. Unpermitted discharges from the sanitary sewer system constitute a violation of the CWA. Non- compliance with the SSO regulations, specifically the CMOM provisions, will result in enforcement actions including mandated O&M programs and fines. Pipe conditions that affect regulatory compliance may include defects or conditions that cause sewage overflows or back-ups.

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x Public Health and Safety: Wastewater utilities protect public health and safety by minimizing conditions where the public can be exposed to untreated sewage such as receiving waters used for drinking water sources, fishing, and/or contact recreation such as swimming.

Pipe conditions that affect protection of public health include defects or conditions that cause sewage overflows, back-ups or catastrophic pipe failure. x Environmental Protection: Pipe failure may cause extensive property damage and/or discharge of untreated sewage. Failures of large diameter pipes and force mains contribute to the formation of sinkholes that may lead to damage and/or disruption to roadways and utilities, as well as the creation of hydraulic restrictions. Pipe conditions that affect environmental protection efforts are similar to those listed above—defects or conditions that cause sewage overflows, back-ups, or catastrophic pipe failure.

Utilities use pipe condition information to assess how well they are meeting each of these performance measures and to identify and prioritize system need s. The goal is to provide the best possible service in a cost-effective manner. Utilities need to know what is an acceptable level of performance that can pro vide regulatory compliance, environmentally acceptable p erformance, and operational effectiveness at the lowest possible life cycle cost? Inspection and con dition assessment provide key information for helpi ng the utility address these questions and balance system needs and costs.

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4.0 Inspection Technologies
Inspection technologies and their use in condition assessment for wastewater collection systems are presented in this section. Each technology is brief ly described, and commercially available and emerging products utilizing the technology are discussed. Table 4-1 provides a summary of typical applications for each technology.

Table 4-1: Inspection Technology Overview
Technology Sewer type
Pipe material
Pipe diameter
Defects detected
Gravity
Force main
Lateral
Internal
condition
Pipe wall
Leakage
Pipe support
Camera
Digital cameras x Any 6-in.-
60-in. x x x
Zoom cameras x Any >6-in. x x x
Push-camera x Any 1-in.-
12-in.
x x x
Acoustic
In-line leak detectors x x Any >4-in. x
Acoustic monitoring
s
ystems
x PCCP >18-in. x
Sonar/ultrasonic x x Any >2-in. x x
Electrical/
electromagnetic
Electrical leak location x x x Non-
ferrous >3-in. x
Remote field eddy current x x x Ferrous,
PCCP >2-in. x x
Magnetic flux leakage x x x Ferrous 2-in.-
56-in. x
Laser
Laser
profiling
x x Any 4-in.-
160-in. x x
Innovative technologies
Gamma-gamma logging x x x Concrete Not yet
defined x
Ground penetrating radar x x x Any Not yet
defined x x
Infrared thermograph x x x Any Not yet
defined x x
Micro-deflection x Brick Not yet
defined x x
Impact echo/SASW x Brick/
Concrete >6-ft. x

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4.1 Camera Inspection
CCTV inspection is a very effective method of evaluating and creating a permanent video record of underground pipe conditions. The visual inspection of sanitary sewer lines enables a CCTV operator to locate and identify specific defects that contribute to the infiltration of groundwater into the collection system and exfiltration of sewage into the substrate surrounding a pipeline. This is a well established and common industry method for pipeline assessment. In a recent survey report (Thomson et al., 2004), 100% of survey respondents from large wastewater utility districts relied on CCTV as their primary method of collection system inspections; hence, it is not surprising that the critical gaps identified in this survey parallel the limitations of CCTV inspection. CCTV provides a means to inspect a pipeline that is either too small or hazardous for direct human entry inspection. The primary disadvantages to the technology are that it only provides a view of the pipe surface above the waterline and does not provide any structural data on the pipe wall integrity or a view of the soil envelope supporting the pipe.

The technology and level of ancillary equipment used for CCTV inspection of sewer systems varies significantly based on the diameter of the line being inspected. In general, CCTV technology uses a video camera with lighting to provide a visual recording of the inside condition of a pipeline. The me ans to convey the camera through the pipeline vary in complexity from simple pushrod cameras (pushcams) to complex remote controlled robot crawlers. The level of optical control on the camera also varies in complexity. The ability to pan, tilt, and zoom has become the industry standard for sewer inspection because it allows the operator to gain a full circumferential view of the pipe.

Data obtained from CCTV inspection include:
x Evidence of sediment, debris, roots, etc.
x Evidence of pipe sags and deflections.
x Off-set joints.
x Pipe cracks.
x Leaks.
x Location and condition of service connections.

As noted above, CCTV technology does have limitations due to its ability to only provide a visual representation of the inside surface of a pipe above the waterline. Additionally, the quality of defect identification and pipe condition assessment using CCTV is highly dependent on many factors including operator interpretation, picture quality, and flow level. In terms of benefits, it is a cost-effective technology providing the broadest base level of data used in condition assessment. For example, many technologies exist (as described in later section) that provide data on the structural condition of the pipe wall, and other technologies exist that can determine the condition of the soil surrounding the pipe.

However, these technologies are unable to provide visual data on leaks, location of service laterals, and sediment and debris accumulation. It is for this reason that CCTV will remain an important inspection tool in any condition assessment program for wastewater collection systems.

The following sections present innovative technologies specific to CCTV and its use in condition assessment for wastewater collection systems. Each technology will be briefly described, noting manufacturers and/or providers of the technology and typical applications. The technologies described in this section include:
x Zoom Camera Inspection.
x Digital Scanning.
x Camera Deployment.

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4.1.1 Zoom Camera Inspection
Like traditional CCTV inspection, zoom camera inspection technology involves the generation of still imagery and/or recorded video imagery of a pipe. The key difference is that in zoom camera inspection, the camera mount is stationary. The technology does not require the camera equipment to pass though the entire length of the pipe segments being inspected. Instead, the camera is mounted either on a truck, crane, pole, or a tripod. The equipment is then lowered into a manhole to perform the inspection and the camera “zooms” down any pipe entering or exiting the manhole.

Historically, zoom cameras have been utilized to perform manhole inspection and inspect a few ft down the pipe utilizing a camera mounted on the end of a telescopic pole. This technology is commonly referred to as a down look camera. Newer zoom cameras can pan 360 degrees and zoom up to 100-ft. in 6-in. diameter pipe and up to 700-ft. for larger pipe diameters.

This technology involves setting up the zoom camera at each manhole and inspecting the manhole and pipes. Potentially, the technology could allow for the inspection of an entire section of pipe from one manhole to the next. Zoom camera inspection has som e of the same limitations as traditional CCTV pipe inspection in that it cannot inspect what is beneath the fluid being conveyed through the pipe. It is not designed to replace conventional CCTV systems, but rather to screen and prioritize pipes for further conventional CCTV work and/or cleaning pipelines. The technology does not provide the detailed visual evaluation of conventional CCTV. The primary advantage to the technology is improved production rate.

The set-up eliminates the need for cleaning prior to the inspection, as well as the inevitable down-time associated with an obstruction to a crawler mounted camera. An inspection crew can move through a service area in an expeditious manner and highlight segments requiring a more detailed inspection.

Zoom camera inspection is a very efficient, cost-effective method of performing manhole inspections, which has been its primary use. It is, however, lim ited in its ability to inspect pipe segments. Image resolution, lighting, and limitation in optical zoom are the primary disadvantages of this technology. The technologies described below attempt to overcome these limitations with improvements to lighting and zoom ability. This technology also increases the production rate of sewer inspections, as it collects data at a speed several times faster than traditional CCTV inspection. This is in part because pipes generally do not have to be flushed and cleaned prior to inspection.

Zoom camera inspection is only useful for inspecting gravity sewers because its access to the sewer is via a manhole. Force mains and/or service laterals do not have the required access points to deploy this technology. As with all camera inspection technologies, zoom camera inspection can be used with any pipe material.

Zoom camera inspection services are available from a variety of service providers. Both regional and national service providers have the ability to provide this service. It is not known if the use of the longer range cameras with increased zoom capabilities is a commonly used inspection tool in the industry.

Provided below is a description of four manufacturers of zoom cameras used for the inspection of gravity sewers.

No new zoom camera technologies under development have been specifically identified as emerging technologies. Likely, the identified manufacturers will continue product development and increase optical and digital zooming capabilities. It is also likely that the technology will be equipped with a digital inspection system as described in Section 4.1.2. Table 4-2 provides a summary description of the zoom camera technology.

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Table 4-2: Zoom Camera Inspection Summary

SUMMARY
Sewer type Gravity sewers only
Material Any
Pipe size > 6-in.

Defects detected Cracks, leaks, root intrusion, ove rall surface condition of pipe/manholes Original application Manhole inspection
Status Commercially available
Advantages High production rate, effective/efficien t at prioritizing segments requiring more detailed inspection/maintenance
Disadvantages Inability to inspect manhole to manhole for average diameter lines, potential to miss significant defects
CUES IMX - Truck Mounted Zoom Camera
The CUES-IMX truck-mounted zoom camera provides video inspection for manholes and pipelines. The CUES-IMX camera offers imaging technology with a 25:1 optical zoom that is stabilized and remotely controlled by a telescopic boom. The camera can record images from up to 300’ into the pipeline. The camera mounting fork is designed to pan the camera head 360° continuously, tilt mechanically 45° up or 90° down, and tilt optically 166°. The camera image r, optics, mechanics and electronics are housed in a damage resistant, waterproof, rugged enclosure that is 7-in. in diameter and 16-in. in length. The CUES- IMX system includes the camera, high intensity discharge lighting heads, mast system and controller.

The manufacturer indicates that the system can be mounted within an inspection van, all-terrain vehicle, or a trailer.

The system is equipped with data collection, GIS software and global positioning system (GPS) equipment. The GIS software and GPS equipment are used to create sewer maps in the field and create an asset management database for the system. Defects detected during the inspection can be stored in a database along with photos and video clips. All data is geo-referenced to the field collected GPS coordinates. This is common to the industry and the subject of further discussion in a later section.

The objective of the CUES-IMX camera system is to increase the production rate of the inspection process, as compared to traditional CCTV. The manufacturer indicates that an inspection process using zoom technology has a production rate of five to eight times higher than traditional CCTV and is a useful tool to efficiently characterize a collection system and prioritize segments for further inspection and/or cleaning. Inspections using the CUES-IMX camera prov ides mapping, inventory and condition information that can be used immediately to reduce system operation and maintenance issues by quickly identifying areas of high-risk due to blockage or structural defects. The risk of backups or overflows can be assessed and addressed rapidly.

GE Technologies - Ca-Zoom PTZ and QuickView
GE Technologies offers three truck-mounted Everest Ca-Zoom Pan-Tilt Zoom (PTZ) cameras for sewer inspection. Each camera has a different PTZ camera head. The PTZ 140 has a 300:1 zoom capability (optical 25:1, digital 12:1) and is equipped with two high-power 35-watt lights. The camera has the ability to record imagery up to 250 ft down a pipe segment with diameters between 15 in. and 60 in. The PTZ100 has 40:1 zoom capability (10:1 optical, 4:1 digital), and four 5-watt light-emitting diode (LED) lights. The PTZ270 also has a 40:1 zoom capacity, b ut has eight 5-watt LED lights.

The smaller hand-held QuickView unit is a pole mounted camera with a total zoom capability of 216:1 (18:1 optical, 12:1 digital). It has the ability to zoom to between 75 and 250 ft within pipe diameters of 6 in. to 60 in. The unit is mounted on an 18 foot telescoping pole.

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The benefits and limitations of these cameras are similar to those of the CUES-IMX camera system as described above.

CTZoom Technologies - PortaZoom
Innovative Technology Products, Inc. offers sewer inspection with the PortaZoom camera, manufactured by CTZoom Technologies. The PortaZoom is housed in a compact enclosure, just 6 in. in diameter. The camera pans more than 350° and has a 312:1 zoom capability (26:1 optical, 12:1 digital). The camera ha s full-circumference integrated lighting, including peripheral lighting to reduce shadows. The PortaZoom is operated by a computer, joystick and keyboard. The PortaZoom can be mounted to any vehicle or hand-held pole, and can zoom approximately 100 ft to 200 ft into pipes.

AquaData, Inc. - AquaZoom
AquaData Inc. also manufacturers zoom camera inspection equipment. They manufacture the AquaZoom system though it is not commercially available. The AquaZoom can be used on pipes with diameters of 6 in. or larger and can inspect pipelines for approximately 100 ft. It is normally mounted on either a truck or tripod, which is claimed to provide better stability compared to pole mounted devices. It also utilizes a built-in control center and video recording equipment to perform pipe inspections.

Aries Industries – HC3000 Zoom Pole Camera
The Aries HC3000 Zoom camera has a 432:1 zoom ratio (36:1 optical, 12:1 digital). The camera has two LED lights, and is mounted on a 6-foot to 18-foot telescoping pole. The camera can view up to 100 ft into the pipeline being inspected. The image is transmitted via radio frequency technology to a media case, which houses a radio frequency receiver and monitor. A small portable monitor is also available for viewing the images as the camera zooms down the pipe. The pole mounted device provides easy portability and rapid setup.

4.1.2 Digital Scanning
Digital scanning is a state-of-the-art technology within the camera inspection industry. Like conventional CCTV, digital cameras are transported through sewer lines using self-propelled crawlers. Unlike conventional CCTV systems, digital scanning uses one or two high-resolution digital cameras with wide- angle lenses in the front, or front and rear, section of the housing. During pipe inspections, parallel mounted lights are triggered at the same position in the pipe. The hemispherical pictures scanned are put together to form 360° spherical images. There is one specific manufacturer that utilizes a single camera with a wide angle lens to accomplish the same result.

During the scanning process, data are transmitted to a surface viewing station where it can be viewed in real-time and recorded for later evaluation. The ma jor advantage to digital scanning technology is that it is possible for the data to be assessed independently of the real-time sewer inspection. By comparison, conventional CCTV relies on a camera operator to pan, tilt, and zoom into critical areas for further review. The image, as controlled by the operator, i s stored. Therefore, if the operator does not see a defect, the camera is not stopped for further investigation.

Digital scanning develops a full digital image of the pipe segment. This allows the individual reviewing the images to control the direction of the PTZ features and to stop the image at any point to capture video clips and images. The inner pipe surface can be “unfolded” providing a view of pipe conditions, which permits computer-aided measurement of defects and objects. Digital scanning provides a more consistent and complete assessment of pipe condition. It provides a second level of quality control in the review

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process and allows other individual(s) involved in the process to gain insight into the pipe condition (e.g., designers, rehabilitation contractors, and utility owners).

Digital scanning technology is primarily used for gravity lines in the 6-in. to 60-in. diameter range. Its applicability for use in inspecting sewer laterals is limited since laterals are typically less than 6 in. in diameter and access is generally through a small diameter clean-out. It is also limited in its ability to inspect force mains. Like conventional CCTV technol ogy, digital scanning is only able to provide useful images above the waterline; force mains would have to be taken out of service and drained before digital recording. Access to force mains also typically res tricts the use of digital and CCTV technology. Force mains are pressurized and do not have access manholes to insert CCTV equipment. Digital scanning can be used with any pipe material. Table 4-3 provides a summary description of the digital camera scanning technology.

Table 4-3: Digital Camera Scanning Inspection Summary

SUMMARY
Sewer type Gravity sewers, limited applicability fo r force mains and service laterals Material Any
Pipe size 6-in. to 60-in.

Defects detected Cracks, leaks, root intrusion, ov erall condition of pipe Original application Inspection of piping
Status Commercially available, new applications und er development Advantages Increased QA/QC control, additional proj ect personnel able to review/control data imagery, able to make digital measurements of defects, can compare data directly from one inspection to the next
Disadvantages More costly then CCTV, lower producti on rate compared to traditional CCTV, only works above waterline.

Digital scanning camera systems are available from a variety of vendors. Several commercial applications are specifically designed for the investigation of water, storm drain, and sewer pipelines.

The following are descriptions of some of the products available from several vendors.

Blackhawk-PAS - Sewer Scanning Evaluation Technology (SSET) SSET was developed in Japan in 1994, and introduced through field trials in the United States in 1997.

The third-generation SSET was refined by Blackhawk-PAS for commercial marketing. SSET uses two digital image capture devices mounted on a remotely controlled tractor. One of the cameras records a forward view of the pipeline while the other camera scans the side of the pipe to create a spiral, perpendicular view. SSET can be used in pipes rangi ng from 8-in. to 36-in. diameter, operating at a rate of approximately 13 ft per minute.

RapidView – IBAK, USA - Panoramo
The RapidView-IBAK, USA Panoramo system was developed by IBAK Helmut Hunger GmbH & Co.

KG of Kiel Germany in partnership with RapidView, LLC. The application was first developed and used in 2002. The first application in the United States was in 2007.

The Panoramo system uses two high-resolution digital photo cameras with 186° wide-angle lenses fit into the front and rear section of the housing. During pipe inspections, parallel mounted xenon flashlights are triggered at the same position in the pipe. The hemispherical pictures scanned are put together to form 360° spherical images. The Panoramo can scan 8-in. to 48-in. diameter pipes at a speed of up to 70 ft per minute in forward or reverse motion.

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During the Panoramo scanning process, the data are transmitted digitally to the inspection vehicle and are at the operator's disposal. The scans can be viewed as live pictures for orientation purposes and for locating any obstructions. In addition, the data are stored in the form of "PANORAMO films", on removable hard disks or digital video discs (DVDs).

This image scanning method makes it possible for the pipe inspection to be assessed by personnel away from the field. The reviewer has the ability to pan, tilt, or zoom in on potential defects as if in the truck with the field crew. The reviewer can stop at any position, turn a full circle, zoom, and complete the data analysis. An unfolded view of the inner pipe surface which is available simultaneously gives the reviewer a rapid view of the state of the pipe and permits computer-aided measurement of the position and size of objects. The Panoramo system works in conjunction w ith WinCan Scan Explorer Software Version 8.

Envirosight - DigiSewer
The Envirosight DigiSewer system was originally developed by DigiSewer and manufactured by IPEK (provider of crawlers and cameras to Envirosight). The DigiSewer was originally designed to be used for borehole inspection and was first used in Europe in 2003. It was officially released to the North American market in April 2007.

The DigiSewer uses one high-resolution photo cameras with 180° wide-angle fisheye lens, integrated into the front of the rover crawler. The DigiSewer can scan pipes from 6-in. to 60-in. diameter at a scan speed of 70 ft per minute. The DigiSewer can scan pipes over a length of approximately 650 ft.

Emerging Technologies
No digital scanning applications have been specifically identified as emerging technologies. Likely, the identified manufacturers will continue product development and increase optical and digital zoom capabilities. The technology is four to five years old in Europe and Asia; however it has a limited history in North America. The manufacturers and users listed above are constantly developing new ways to use these products. Our research indicates that future research will focus on enhancements to the software used for defect recognition and digital defect measurements. RapidView and Envirosight are developing manhole inspection capabilities with the use of the digital scan cameras. Envirosight is also planning to increase the scan distance to approximately 1,650 ft by fall 2008 and provide improved scanning rates.

4.1.3 Camera Deployment
In a CCTV inspection, cameras are deployed into pipelines in a variety of ways. Mobile robots called crawlers or tractors are available in a variety of sizes and configurations, thus enabling their use in a host of pipes sizes. These are typically introduced into the sewer via a manhole. Cameras can also be mounted to float rigs for inspecting large diameter pipes partially filled with water. Pushrod cameras are typically used in smaller diameter pipes (6 in. and less) such as service laterals and are typically introduced into the sewer through a cleanout.

This section describes innovations to vehicles used to carry CCTV cameras as well as technologies that can be added to the conventional camera vehicles to further assist in CCTV inspection.

A variety of innovations have been applied to the tractors or crawlers which carry CCTV cameras. These innovations include extra long range tractors/floats compared to the typical applications in use, smaller than typical tractors that can be used for some laterals, tractors that are able to dispatch smaller lateral cameras from the main line, and segmented robots that can bend around odd angles in small diameter pipes.

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Different camera tractor innovations are available from a variety of vendors. Several commercial applications are specifically designed for the investigation of water, storm drain, and sewer pipelines.

Pushcams are used almost exclusively in smaller diameter sewers such as service laterals. Tractor innovations have been broken down into four groups: small diameter tractors, long range tractors, segmented tractors, and lateral launchers - tractors that can launch lateral cameras off of the main inspection vehicle.

Pushcams
Pushrod camera, or pushcam, technology involves the inspection of pipeline via a small diameter camera mounted to a pushrod and reel setup which produces video of the pipeline. This technology is primarily designed for laterals and small diameter force main applications. Conventional pushcams use straight view cameras capable of inspecting pipes of 2-in. or greater. Advancements include pushcams capable of inspecting pipes smaller than 2-in. as well as steerable and pan/tilt pushcams.

Pushcams are typically used in an environment where it is otherwise impossible to get photographs or video footage such as a small diameter water, sewer, or drain pipes. Typically, they are used in applications where crawlers/robotic camera vehicles are unable to function due to their larger size.

Conventional pushcams systems are comprised of a camera/probe, cable/reel, and computer/recorder/controller. The probe used to advance the camera is usually a semi-rigid rod, constructed of fiberglass. The primary limitations are image quality, lighting, and ability to move past obstructions. Table 4-4 summarizes a variety of commercially available pushcams.

Table 4-4: Pushcam Product Comparison

PRODUCT
(VENDOR)
PIPE

DIAMETER

INSPECTION
LENGTH
NOTES
CrystalCam Push Camera
(Inuktun)
>2-in. High resolution low lux camera – highly
effective in low light environments. Can be
tractor mounted, can be used as a reverse
camera
Flexiprobe
(Pearpoint)
1-in. to 8-in. 500-ft
Hydrus
(Rapidview-IBAK, USA)
>2-in. Straight view camera only
Orion
(Rapidview-IBAK, USA)
>4-in. Pan and tilt functions
Orion L
(Rapidview-IBAK, USA)
>4-in. Pan and tilt, includes “steer stick” allowin g
device to be steered around bends or turns
Push Camera
(Insight Vision)
1-in. to 12-in. 300-ft Uses Clearview line of camer a heads, large

10.4 in. LCD monitor
Tractors/Crawlers
Tractors and crawlers are mobile robots used to deploy CCTV through a pipeline. Most are wheeled or tracked, and are tethered via a cable to a controller unit located near the point of entry to the sewer system. Conventional CCTV inspection tractors are larger vehicles that are not able to get into smaller pipes or laterals. Many of the tractors are not ste erable and can only inspect pipe runs of 300 to 500 ft.

Advancements in technologies now include lateral launchers that are able to deploy smaller diameter pushcams into laterals; small diameter tractors that can be deployed in pipes as small as 4 in. in diameter; long range tractors that can inspect pipes at great distances from the point of entry; and segmented robots that can bend around odd bends or angles in small diameter pipes. Tables 4-5, 4-6, and 4-7 summarize a selection of commercially available innovative tractor and crawler technologies.

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Table 4-5: Lateral Launcher Product Comparison

PRODUCT
(VENDOR)

MAINLINE LATERAL
NOTES Pipe
diameter
Inspection
length
Pipe
diameter
Inspection
length
IBAK LISY 150-M
(RapidView-IBAK, USA)
>6-in. Tungsten carbide
wheel for grip
LAMP 6-in. to 24- 2-in. to 6- >80-ft
(CUES) in. in.

Lateral Evaluation Television
System
(Aries Industries)
>8-in. 800-ft 3-in. to 6-
in.
80-ft Can ID pipe locations
with locator beacon
Lateral Inspection System (RS
Technical Services)
8-in. to 24-
in.
1,000-ft 4-in. to 8-
in.
100-ft
Table 4-6: Small Diameter Tractor Product Comparison

PRODUCT
(VENDOR)
PIPE

DIAMETER

INSPECTION
LENGTH
NOTES
ELK T100 Mini
(Pearpoint)
4-in. to 10-in. 500-ft
KRA 65
(RapidView – IBAK, USA)
>4-in. Steerable, electric stabilizing function
Mighty Mini Transporter
(RS Technical Services)
4-in. to 12-in. 500-ft
Rovver 100
(Environsight-IPEK)
4-in. to 12-in. 660-ft Steerable, PVC wheel with ti tanium spikes for traction
Versatrax 100
(Inuktun)
>4-in. 600-ft Tracked crawler
Xpress Silver-Bullet Crawler
(Insight Vision)
4-in. to 15-in. 600-ft 4-wheel drive crawler
Table 4-7: Long Range Tractor Product Comparison

PRODUCT
(VENDOR)
PIPE

DIAMETER

INSPECTION
LENGTH
NOTES
Versatrax 300 VLR
(Inuktun)
>12-in. 6,000-ft Modular construction for onsite cu stomization, optional reverse camera can be mounted on
crawler
Responder
(RedZone)
>36-in. 5,280-ft Skid steer enabled tractor, Kevlar reinforced buoyant cable, submersible to 500-ft
Segmented Robots
Electromechanica, Inc. designs custom inspection robotics and other applications on an as needed basis.

For example, the client may have a specific type of small diameter pipe system containing tees or wyes, or other angles that a typical tractor or crawler would not be able to navigate. One such development is the Internal Pipe Inspection Robot. This design use s a unique “inchworm” movement which optimizes movement within the pipe. The robot itself consists of three arm linkages that expand radially to force the different segments to grip the inside of the pipe and move it along. The multiple segments also can be useful in overcoming obstacles or looking down laterals. The robot uses pneumatic cylinders to provide force to move the robot through the pipe. The robot can be outfitted with cameras, sensors or tools to achieve many different types of jobs in pipes including pipe inspection. As stated above, this is not a commercial product, but one that must be custom ordered for the client’s specialized needs.

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Emerging Technologies
x Pushcams - The IPEK Agilios pushcam system was developed for small diameter pipes and has pan/tilt capability. It works in conjunction with the vision control unit and is battery powered.
x Autonomous Crawlers - An autonomous crawler does not require a real-time remote operator. The crawler’s behavior is programmed in a dvance of deployment. The vehicle is programmed to cue off of particular environmental landmarks. For instance, RedZone Robotics, a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania based company, has designed a robot that constantly monitors the diameter of the pipe as the robot progresses through the pipe. Infrared sensors atop the vehicle sense when the distance to the roof of the pipe alters radically, which the robot then interprets as a manhole. The vehicle may be programmed to stop at the first manhole it encounters, or stop after encountering some specified number of manholes.

Autonomous crawlers are beginning to enter the marketplace. x Autonomous Floaters - Automatika, Inc. based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is developing the prototype of a neutrally buoyant, untethered pipe inspection robot called PipeEye. The robot is a 12-in. sphere designed to float in pipes greater than 24 in. in diameter. Cameras and lights will operate above the waterline, and ultrasonic transducers will operate below the waterline. The PipeEye system is derived from an oi l/gas pipeline inspection module co- developed by Automatika and Shell Oil. Currently, the system does not yet have a product status.

4.2 Acoustic Technologies
Acoustic technology in general terms uses measuring devices to detect vibrations and/or sound waves. In pipeline assessment, acoustic sensors are used to detect signals emitted by defects and are utilized by a variety of commercially available products. Acoustic technologies are used extensively for inspection of water mains; therefore, this category of inspection technology can also be used for force main inspection.

There are three distinct classifications of acoustic technologies:
x Leak detectors, which are used to detect the acoustic signals emitted by pipeline leaks. x Acoustic monitoring systems, which are used to evaluate the condition of PCCP. x Sonar, or ultrasonic, systems, which emit high frequency sound waves and measure their reflection off the pipe wall in order to detect a variety of pipe defects.

Table 4-8 summarizes these classifications of acoustic technologies.

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Table 4-8: Acoustic Technology Summary

SUMMARY IN-LINE LEAK

DETECTORS

ACOUSTIC MONITORING

SYSTEMS SONAR/ ULTRASONIC
Sewer type Force mains, gravity
sewers
Force mains Force mains, gravity sewers
Material Any PCCP Any
Pipe size >4-in. >18-in. >4-in.

Defects detected Leaks Broken pre-stressed wires Pip e wall deflections, corrosion, pits, voids, and
cracks, debris
Original application Leak detection in
pressurized water lines
Monitoring PCCP water lines Maritime use
Status Commercially available
for sewer inspection
Commercially available for
sewer inspection
Commercially available for
sewer inspection
Advantages Can detect very small
leaks.

Useful as a screening
technique prior to more
detailed inspection
Suitable for pipes of any
material and a wide range of
diameters
Disadvantages Requires minimum flow to
be carried through pipe
Only detects general distress Only inspects pipe be low the waterline

4.2.1 Leak Detectors
Leak detectors are devices used to detect the sound or vibration produced by leaks in pressurized waterlines or in sewers. These include hand-held listening devices such as listening rods, underwater microphones (also known as aqua phones, sonoscopes, water phones or hydrophones), and geophones (ground microphones); leak noise correlators; and in-line devices which collect information on leaks remotely. Listening devices and leak noise correlators are widely available, and have been used for leak detection for decades. In-line leak detectors are a more recent advancement in the use of acoustic technology for condition assessment of pipes.

The simplest forms of leak detector are mechanical listening devices. These include listening rods and aquaphones, which are both metallic rods fitted with an earpiece. These devices are operated by placing the rod in direct contact with pipes, allowing the device operator to hear leaks through the earpiece.

Geophones are another type of listening device; these are placed on soil or pavement above a pipe, allowing the operator to hear the sound from leaks as it is transmitted through the soil. Listening rod and aquaphones may also be electronic, these are similar to the mechanical devices described above but also include special elements such as noise filters, adjustable amplifiers, and sensing elements such as piezoelectric materials; leaks can be detected either by operators listening through headphones or in some cases by soundmeters that can store the sound levels emitted by leaking pipes.

Leak-noise correlators are a more complex and accurate type of leak detector, which have been used for leak detection since the 1980s. These are computer- based devices which are used to measure sound or vibration at two points on a pipe, on either side of a suspected leak. Depending on the device, the measurements are made by a vibration sensor such as an accelerometer attached to pipe contact points or an underwater microphone which is inserted into the pipe itself. Signals detected by the sensor are wirelessly transmitted to the correlator, which pinpoints the location of leaks based on the time lag between the leak signals measured from the two points.

The most complex forms of leak detectors are in-line systems, which are deployed in a pipeline and continuously monitor leakage. The rest of this section focuses on these systems. There are several

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commercially available in-line leak detectors which utilize acoustic technologies for pipe condition assessment. Both regional and national service prov iders have the ability to evaluate wastewater systems, although the technology is far more prevalent in its use for condition assessment of water distribution systems. Provided below is a description of several of these products.

Sahara £ – Pressure Pipe Inspection Company
The Sahara system was originally developed by WRc for detecting leaks in pressurized water lines, and is a proven technology for that application. In the United States, the Sahara system has begun to be used for wastewater collection systems. A series of pilot studies using the Sahara for wastewater pipeline leak detection were conducted in the United Kingdom in 2005 and North America in 2006. The system is now available in the United States from the Pressure Pipe Inspection Company.

The Sahara system consists of a sensor head and a hydrophone, which is an electrical instrument used to detect or monitor sound under water. The sensor head is inserted into a pipe through any access point greater than three inches in diameter. As the sensor head is transported through the pipe line by product flow, acoustic signals are picked up at the surface by the hydrophone. The signal is then fed through a cable, and from there to processing equipment. The system operator is able to hear signals from the system directly as well as view the signal on a computer with spectrogram software. The system locates leaks by identifying acoustic signals; the size of leaks can be estimated based on the acoustic signal recorded by the device.

The Sahara system can be used in pipelines of any material to detect leaks as slow as approximately 0.25 gallons/hour. It can be used to inspect force mains 4-in. in diameter and larger. The system requires a minimum flow velocity of approximately 3 ft/s to ensure the device can move though the pipe.

Additionally, pressure within the pipe must be between 10 and 150 psi in order for the system to recognize leaks.

Smartball
£ - Pure Technologies
The Smartball £ leak detector was made commercially available by Pure Technologies in 2005. It is a proprietary system maintained by Pure Technologies. The technology is only used for inspections of pressure pipelines. It can be used for any pipeline material.

The Smartball £ consists of a neutrally buoyant, foam ball equipped with an instrumented aluminum inner core. The aluminum inner core contains several sens ors including an acoustic sensor, accelerometer, magnetometer, temperature gauge, and pressure gauge. The inner core also contains a microprocessor with an ultrasonic transmitter. The system is powered by a DC battery and contains a data logger. The Smartball £ can be inserted into a pipeline and travel with the water flow for more than twelve hours, collecting data on the collection system with a single deployment. The Smartball £ has a diameter of 2.6- in. and can be used on a pipe with 10-in. or greater in diameter. A minimum flow velocity of 1.64 ft/sec is required to convey the sensor.

The system can be inserted into a full or partially full pipe, and is carried along by the flow of water or wastewater. The Smartball £ is silent; therefore its acoustic sensor can detect the sound of very small leaks in the pipeline. As the Smartball £ passes through the pipe its progress can be tracked by a variety of methods, allowing for leak location to be determined within one meter of accuracy. The system can operate for up to twelve hours before it is retrieved and data downloaded.

LxSentry – LxSix Photonics, Inc.

The LxSentry pipeline monitoring system was recently introduced by LxSix, Photonics Inc. LxSentry is a highly sensitive fiber optic system designed to detect leaks in gas pipelines. Acoustical sounds are

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classified by the proprietary Red Alert software, which is capable of distinguishing between pipeline leaks, tampering, intrusions, and machinery and vehicles operating in the pipeline vicinity. Minimal information on the details of the operation and use of this product is currently available. No information was available on the use of the technology for water and/or wastewater systems.

4.2.2 Acoustic Monitoring Systems
Acoustic monitoring systems are installed along PCCP to provide continuous monitoring of the general condition of the pipe. PCCP has been used historically for large diameter force mains, and has been subject to failure due to internal or external corrosion. The systems work by detecting the acoustic signal produced by breaking or broken prestressed wire within pipes. While the systems do not identify individual defects, they are useful as screening techniques to determine if further condition assessment should be performed. There are currently two technologies available that provide continuous acoustic monitoring of PCCP. These products are described below.

Acoustic Emission Testing (AET) – Pressure Pipe Inspection Company Acoustic Emission Testing (AET) is as an acoustic monitoring system used primarily to monitor the deterioration of PCCP water mains. It has also been used to evaluate sewage force mains. AET is based on the detection of the acoustic energy released when prestressed wire breaks or deflects. The system detects general distress in the pipeline by determining the frequency and number of wire breaks, or wire related events, over a period of time. The AET system determines the location of the wire related events based on the arrival time of the acoustic signals at a series of sensors within the pipe. Since the technique does not detect the number of broken wires, but rather general distress in a given section of pipeline, it is best used as a screening technique prior to utilizing other methods to pinpoint defects.

The AET system is made up of a series of units located along the pipeline. Each unit contains a sensor (either a hydrophone or an accelerometer) and a signal processor, a base station, and a precision timing device. The hydrophones are inserted into the pipel ine through taps at a spacing of approximately 500 to 3,000 ft; spacing is largely dependent on pipeline diameter (smaller pipes require closer spacing than larger ones). The accelerometers are surface mounte d; spacing is more flexible when this type of sensor is employed. The signal processor is a small mobile computer that is located close to the hydrophone. It monitors the signals detected by the hydrophone and transmits signals that indicate wire related events to the base station. The base station consists of a personal computer, a wireless communication module, and an internet communication module. The precision timing device, a GPS antenna and processor, provides location information on each sensor and determines the timing of acoustic events.

AET can be used to monitor active distress in PCCP 18-in. or greater in diameter. The system works while pipelines are fully operational. The technique is valuable for providing advanced warning of pipe failure, and for screening pipe networks to determine which pipes are deteriorating. However, the technique cannot detect individual defects within a pipe.

SoundPrint
£ - Pure Technologies
SoundPrint £ is a patented acoustic monitoring technology used to provide continuous, non-destructive remote monitoring of water and wastewater pipelines, storage tanks and other structures. Introduced in 1993, the original version of SoundPrint £ used hydrophones to detect breaks in prestressed wire in PCCP. The newer SoundPrint £ AFO system, introduced in 2005, uses acoustic fiber-optic cable for detecting acoustic signals.

Soundprint
£ AFO monitoring of PCCP involves the deployment of fiber-optic cable into the pipeline.

The cable is inserted into pipelines through new valves installed in manholes. Because the entire fiber-

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optic cable acts as a sensor, up to 12,000 ft of pipeline can be monitored from a single access point. The sensor does not contain any electronics, therefore there is little to no background noise created by the device.

4.2.3 Sonar and Ultrasonic Testing
Sonar, an acronym for Sound Navigation and Ranging, was developed in 1906, and is widely used for maritime use. The first use of sonar for inspection of pipelines was carried out by WRc in 1987. Sonar testing involves very high frequency ultrasonic sound waves that reflect off the material being inspected, allowing for the detection of defects.

Sonar/ultrasonic inspections of pipelines are accomplished by passing a sonar head through the pipe being inspected. Depending on the size and flow condition s of a pipe, the sonar head is deployed into the pipeline on a raft, skid, or robotic tractor. As the sonar head moves through the pipeline, it sends out very high frequency ultrasonic signals, which are reflected by the pipe walls and then received by the sonar head. The reflection of the signals changes when th ere is a change in the material it is being reflected by, allowing for the detection of defects. The time bet ween when the signal is sent and received can be used to determine the distance between the sonar head and the pipe wall, as well as to determine the internal profile of the pipe.

Sonar inspection results in a detailed profile of the pipe wall below the water surface, which can be analyzed by a variety of methods. Sonar can detect pipe wall deflections, corrosion, pits, voids, and cracks. Sonar inspection can also detect and quanti fy debris, grease, and silt, and can distinguish between hard and soft debris; however, defects in the pipe wall can sometimes be obscured by grease and debris.

According to Thomson et al. (2004), defects greater than 1/8 inch (3 mm) can be detected. This applies to pipe wall pitting and cracks as well as debris accumulation. Sonar does not require bypass pumping or pipe cleaning. Sonar inspection can be used in area s of poor visibility where it is difficult to use CCTV inspection. It is a versatile inspection method and can be used for inspecting gravity sewers and force mains.

One drawback to sonar is that it can only be operated in air or in water, not in both simultaneously. In some cases, a sonar system is utilized with a CCTV system, so that inspection of pipes both above and below the waterline can be accomplished simultaneously. In order to overcome this limitation, research is being done into development of systems with separate transducers, one for use in air and one in water, so that inspection of partially filled pipes can be accomplished. Additionally, longitudinal cracks in pipes can be difficult to detect.

Commercial sonar pipe inspection tools typically consist of an underwater scanning transducer, a sonar processor, and a color monitor. Table 4-9 highlights a selection of sonar-based pipe inspection products.

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Table 4-9: Sonar Product Comparison
DEVICE:

VENDOR

SEWER TYPE/

PIPE SIZE

DEFECTS

DETECTED NOTES
Amtec Sonar:

Amtec Surveying, Ltd.

Force mains
>21 in.

Deformations, holes, breaks,
and pipe wall loss.

A-SIS
Aquacoustic
>12 in. Pipe size & distortion,
holes, debris, scour, erosion
Combines sonar and
CCTV
Envirosight Gravity
>4 in.

Pipe diameter, shape
capacity, corrosion, cracks,
debris
Attachment for CCTV
PipeEye:

PipeEye International
Force mains, gravity
>10 in.

Build-up, deformities, flow
restriction, water level
RVS2:

R&R Visual
>10 in. Open cracks, debris,
sediment
Sonar Profiler System
(submerged): CUES
Force mains
>12 in.

Defects, blockage, debris
Sonar Profiler System
(semi-submerged): CUES
>12 in. Defects, blockage, debris Combines sonar an d
CCTV
Sonar Sewer Profiling
Attachment: Redzone
Force mains, gravity
>36 in.

Blockages, deformations,
capacity, sediment
Attachment for the
Responder platform
Sonar Sweep Attachment
Redzone:

Force mains, gravity
>36 in.

Blockages, deformations,
capacity, sediment
Attachment for the
Responder platform
TISCIT:

Amtec Surveying, Ltd.

Gravity
>21 in.

Deformations, holes, breaks,
and pipe wall loss
Combines sonar and
CCTV
Ultrascan CD:

GE Oil & Gas
Force mains, gravity Axial cracks
Ultrascan DUO:

GE Oil & Gas
Force mains, gravity
>24 in.

Wall loss and cracks
Ultrascan WM:

GE Oil & Gas
Force mains, gravity Wall loss
Ultrasonic Inspection Robot
Inspector Systems
Force mains
12 -20 in.

Wall loss (measures wall
thickness)
Incorporates high-
resolution CCTV
Wavemaker:

Guided Ultrasonics
Force mains, gravity
>2 in.

Wall loss Uses guided waves
(Lamb wave), mounted
to outer surface of pipe.

4.3 Electrical and Electromagnetic Methods
Several sewer evaluation techniques utilize electrical or electromagnetic currents. The electrical lea k location method is used to detect leaks in surcharged non-ferrous pipes. Eddy current testing (ECT) and remote field eddy current (RFEC) technology identify defects in ferrous pipes. Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) inspection is widely used in the oil and gas industry to measure metal loss and detect cracks in ferrous pipelines. Table 4-10 summarizes these tech nologies.

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Table 4-10: Electrical and Electromagnetic Methods Summary

SUMMARY ELECTRICAL LEAK

LOCATION ECT/RFEC MFL
Sewer type Force main, gravity
sewers, service laterals
Force main, gravity sewers,
service laterals
Force main, gravity sewers,
service laterals
Material Non-ferrous Ferrous Ferrous
Pipe size >3-in. >2-in. 2-in. to 56-in.

Defects detected Cracks, leaks Metal loss, cracks, l eaks, broken wire, graphitization,
wall thickness
Metal loss, circumferential
and longitudinal cracks
Original application Leak potential in
geomembrane liners
Inspection of piping and
tubing including boilers, heat
exchangers, cast iron pipes,
and gas pipelines.

Petrochemical industry
Status Commercially available
for wastewater pipes
Commercially available for
wastewater pipes
Commercially available,
limited use in wastewater
applications
Advantages Available for service
laterals
Can be used on pipes of most
diameters, can be used to
locate a variety of defects.

Extensive experience with
method in the oil and gas
sector
Disadvantages Gravity pipes must be
filled prior to inspection
Limited to ferrous pipes,
typically requires post-
processing of data by vendor.

Has not been extensively
used for assessment of
sewer pipes.

4.3.1 Electrical Leak Location Method
The Electrical Leak Location Method was first developed in 1981 for the inspection of geomembrane liners. The method became commercially available in 1985, and is one of the most widely used techniques for detecting leaks in geomembrane liners. The technique involves placing an electrode on either side of the material being tested, and connecting voltage to each electrode. Because the material being tested is an electrical insulator, voltage only flows through holes in the material. The area of defects in the material has high current density, which can be detected by measuring electrical potential in the survey area. Although primarily used for geomem brane liner inspection, the technique is also applicable to pipe inspection.

As this technology relies on the pipe material being an electrical insulator, it can only be used on non- ferrous pipes. The technology is useful for inspect ing force mains, service laterals, and smaller gravity lines. While it is possible to inspect larger diame ter gravity lines, since the technology requires gravity lines to be surcharged, the time and effort required to fill larger pipes might make this inspection method infeasible.

Although there are more than twenty commercial providers of electrical leak location services for integrity monitoring of geomembrane liners, the Focused Electrode Leak Location (FELL) is the only application developed specifically for detecting leaks in pipelines. FELL, also referred to as Electro-Scan technology, and was developed in Germany by Seba Dynatronic in 1999. GRW Engineers, Inc. has introduced the FELL system in the US. The FELL system identifies leak potential in non-conductive (i.e. non-ferrous) sanitary sewer mains, gravity lines, and service laterals using electrical continuity technology. The original application, FELL-41, was designed for use in force mains. A technique has been devised to allow for the inspection of gravity sewers by this method as well. The corporation later developed FELL-21 for inspection of service laterals. As of 2004, there were three electro-scan device s located in the United States, two of which are owned by GRW Engineering in Louisville, KY.

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FELL 41– Seba Dynatronic/Metrotech
FELL, or Electro-Scan, inspection is accomplished by feeding a mobile electrode, called a sonde, through the pipe of interest. Simultaneously, a fixed surfa ce electrode, usually a metal stake, is placed in the ground. Electrical current is generated by the sonde and flows through the water within the pipe, through the pipe wall and earth surrounding the pipe, and to the surface electrode. As water, earth, and the connecting cables have a low electrical resistance and the pipe material has a high electrical resistance, very little current flows between the two electrodes. However, if a leak exists in the pipe, the electrical current passes through it easily; the larger the defect, the greater the current that flows through. The electrical current flowing between the two electrodes is measured by the sonde; this data is then transmitted to a laptop computer, which records data and displays graphically the current flowing through the pipe.

The technique only detects defects in surcharged portions of a pipe; to inspect the entire circumference of pipes that are typically not surcharged, such as gravity sewers, the pipe must first be prepared by completely filling it with water. Two techniques are used to fill pipes in preparation for FELL-41 investigation. The first involves plugging the downstream manhole and then filling the pipe with enough water that the pipe is covered at the upstream manhole; this method can be quite time-consuming and may result in back-up of service laterals. The alternat ive method involves the use of a sliding pipe plug. The sonde is attached to the upstream side of the plug, which is manually pulled a short distance down the pipe. The upstream portion of the pipe is filled so that the sonde is submerged, and then the plug and attached sonde is pulled through the pipe, so that the entire pipe wall can be assessed.

FELL-41 is suitable for inspecting force mains ranging from 6-in. to 60-in. in diameter. The system only works on non-conductive pipes and lined metallic pipes, and can only detect defects below the water line.

Although gravity sewers can be manually filled to allow for a complete inspection; the process of surcharging large diameter pipes requires extensive time and preparation. The product can be used to detect leaks caused by radial and longitudinal cracks, as well as faulty joints.

FELL 21 – Seba Dynatronic/Metrotech
The FELL-21works on the same principle as FELL-41, but is designed for use in 3-in. to 6-in. diameter service laterals. Rather than being deployed throug h the pipeline via a haul line, this device is inserted via a cleanout and moved through the pipe with a push rod. Like FELL-41, the device can only be used for the inspection of non-conductive pipes or non-ferrous pipes. FELL-21 detects leaks caused by radial and longitudinal cracks, as well as faulty joints.

4.3.2 Eddy Current Testing and Remote Field Eddy Cur rent Technology ECT and RFEC technology involve the generation of electric currents and magnetic fields to investigate the condition of ferrous material. ECT pipe inspection involves the use of an alternating current magnetic coil to induce an electric current in conductive pipes. In turn, the electric current generates small magnetic fields or eddy currents in opposition to the coil’s magnetic field, which results in a change in the impedance of the coil. As the magnetic coil transverses the pipeline, the change in impedance is measured, allowing for the identification of defects. The effectiveness of ECT for pipeline inspection is limited by an electromagnetic phenomenon termed “skin effect”. The density of eddy currents decreases exponentially with depth. This limits the detection of defects to those located on the surface of the pipe nearest the magnetic coil, because defects located deeper within the pipeline cannot be measured.

The RFEC method was developed to surmount the limitations of standard eddy current testing. This method can detect both internal and external defects in pipelines. RFEC involves the deployment of a probe consisting of multiple magnetic coils, an exciter coil and one or more detector coils, through the pipeline. As in standard eddy current testing, eddy currents are induced in the pipe wall. These direct

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currents quickly attenuate as they flow along the pipe wall towards the detector coil that is typically located approximately two pipe-diameters apart from the exciter. A second magnetic field passes from the exciter to the outside of the pipe and flows along the outer pipe wall, then back into the interior of the pipe to reach the detector. This remote field atten uates very slowly along the outer pipe wall, and is therefore much stronger then the direct field when it reaches the detector. Pipeline defects and pipe wall thickness affect the propagation of the magnetic fields along the pipe walls, thereby altering the signal received by the detector. This allows for the identification of pipeline defects.

ECT and RFEC testing are primarily used to detect defects in ferrous pipe walls, such as pitting, corrosion, leaks and cracks. These testing methods can be used for the inspection of small-diameter pipes, in some cases as small as two inches in diameter, as well as very large diameter pipelines.

ECT/RFEC can be used in empty, full, and partially full pipelines. Devices utilizing ECT and RFEC technology can be used to inspect force mains and gravity sewers. However, since most gravity sewers are not constructed of ferrous materials, the technology has limited use for this application.

ECT and RFEC testing services for ferrous structures are available from a variety of vendors. Several commercial applications are specifically designed for the investigation of gas, water, and sewer pipelines.

The following are descriptions of some of these applications; as these technologies use the same basic principal, the summaries focus primarily on the differences between the various applications.

Broadband Electromagnetic Methodology (BEM) – Rock Solid Proprietary Limited (Pty. Ltd), Australia
BEM was originally developed by Rock Solid Pty. Ltd for use in the Australian mineral exploration industry. The technology has since been modified for use in pipeline inspection, and has been used for this purpose in both the United States and Europe. Unlike other RFEC applications, BEM is frequency independent, allowing operation of the device to be modified based on the material being investigated and site conditions. This reduces the likelihood that t he device will be affected by electromagnetic noise, which can occur with the use of other ECT/RFEC applications.

BEM has primarily been used for condition assessment of water mains. The technology can only be used on ferrous pipes, but does work through thick coatings and linings. This technology can be used to detect a variety of pipe defects including cracks and anomalies in the pipe wall. Thomson et al. (2004) conducted field demonstrations of this method, and they state it is able to detect metal loss to 0.04 inch (1mm). BEM can also be used to measure wall thickness, quantify graphitization, and locate broken wires in PCCP.

BEM pipeline inspection can either be accomplished internally or externally. Internal pipeline inspection generally requires the pipeline to be taken out of service and emptied prior to deployment of the BEM device. As an alternative, the BEM device can be wa terproofed. Internal inspection of pipelines can be accomplished in large diameter pipes by either pulling or pushing the device through the pipeline. A robotic version of the application is available for smaller pipelines (less than 36-in. in diameter). Results of pipeline inspections using BEM cannot be analyzed on-site; rather, results must be post processed.

Special software is used to create a topographic map of the pipeline which can then be analyzed to detect pipe defects.

Hydroscope – Hydroscope, Inc.

The Hydroscope was developed as a collaborative effort between Hydroscope, Canada and EPCOR Water Services (Edmonton, Canada’s privatized water utility). The application was first used in 1995 in Canada and became commercially available in the United States in 1996. However, the U.S. licensee for Hydroscope is currently in bankruptcy. Therefore, t he technology may not be available in the U.S.

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Originally developed for inspection of waterlines, the technology has since been used for the inspection of sewer mains.

The Hydroscope consists of a series of stainless steel modules embedded with circuitry, creating a flexible probe which can travel through pipelines. The probe is connected to a computer in a service vehicle by a tether and data cable. Data cannot be analyzed in t he field; rather, data are analyzed at the Hydroscope Analysis Center with a proprietary software package called HYDA or the more advanced HYREL.

Like all ECT/RFEC-based pipeline inspection applications, the Hydroscope can only be used in pipes composed of ferrous material. One advantage of the Hydroscope system is that it functions in both dry and submerged conditions. Probes are available for pipe diameters in the range of 6-in. to 15-in. The technology can detect pitting, corrosion, graphitization and wall thinning in pipes.

See Snake Tool – Russell NDE Systems, Inc.

Russell NDE System’s, Inc.’s See Snake is a small, flexible device which uses RFEC technology to detect corrosion and pitting in pipelines and to measure wall thickness and surface area. The tool can also detect areas of pipe under external stress such as movement of soil, poor support, rippling, bridging and denting.

This technology is primarily intended for inspection of pipes before purchase or after construction to ensure pipeline integrity, and after a pipeline failure to determine if there are additional defects in the vicinity of the break.

Unlike most RFEC devices, which pass signals through a data cable, signals from the See Snake are detected from above ground. This allows for tracking the tool as it passes through the pipeline. Another distinguishing feature of the See Snake is that data analysis can be performed on site during the inspection, unlike other technologies which require off-site analysis.

The See Snake is primarily used in the oil and gas industry. Currently, the tool is only available for small pipes, ranging in size from 2-in. to 8-in. in diameter. Given the small size of the device, and its ability to be pushed through pipelines by liquid, the See Snake is potentially viable for inspection of force mains.

P-Wave
£ - Pure Technologies
Pure Technologies’ P-Wave 3 system generates an electromagnetic field and detects changes induced in the field by broken wires in PCCP. Results of P-Wave inspection include an estimate of the number of broken wires, as well as their location. The techno logy allows for the evaluation of a pipe’s current condition and the identification of distressed areas. The system is available for use in sewer pipes; however, the pipe must be empty to use the product. P-Wave inspection is often followed up with the us e of an acoustic monitoring technology, such as Soundprint “, also available from Pure Technologies.

Remote Field Eddy Current/Transformer Coupling (RFEC/TC) – Pressure Pipe Inspection Company Pressure Pipe Inspection Company’s patented RFEC/TC is specifically designed for use in pre-stressed concrete pipe, including embedded Concrete Pipe, lined cylinder pipe, and bar-wrapped pipe. Rather than detecting defects such as corrosion, pitting, and leaks, this technology is primarily used to detect and quantify broken wires within the concrete pipe to determine whether pipe segments need further monitoring, repair, or replacement. In this application, the electromagnetic field generated by the exciter is amplified by the pre-stressed wires within the pipe. Signals generated by broken wires can be differentiated from those generated by intact wires.

RFEC/TC is effective for inspecting pipes 25-in. in diameter and larger. The largest pipe inspected to date is 252-in. In addition to broken wires, RFEC/TC can detect manholes, blow-offs, short pipe lengths, 3 P-Wave stands for Polar Wave

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cylinder thickness, cylinder composition, wire pitch, diameter and wraps (Pressure Pipe Inspection Company, n.d.). RFEC/TC can be used for the investigation of both force mains and gravity sewers.

Emerging Technology
Due to the versatility of RFEC testing for the inspection of pipelines, several institutions are working on the development of new applications. The Gas Techno logy Institute is currently developing a tool for the inspection of gas pipelines of a variety of diameters, including ones with valve and bore restrictions and tight bends. The Southwest Research Institute has r ecently developed an inspection technology for 6-in. to 8-in. diameter gas pipelines that couples an RFEC system to a robotic transport tool, the Explorer II, developed by Carnegie Mellon University’s Robotics Engineering Consortium. Monash University in Australia has developed a RFEC tool called TESTAU. This instrument provides an improvement to the quality of visual data over other RFEC tools.

4.3.3 Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection
MFL is a widely used inspection technique for oil and gas pipelines. The MFL technique was first developed in the 1920s and 30s for materials testing. The Tuboscope, which became commercially available in 1965, was the first tool specifically developed for pipeline inspection.

MFL detection involves the placement of one or more magnets near a pipe wall, leading to the inducement of a direct current magnetic field in the pipe wall. The strength and direction of magnetic fields are represented by flux lines. When a magnet is near a conductive pipe wall, the majority of flux lines pass through the pipe wall. However, in areas of metal loss, less flux can be carried than the intact, full wall sections of pipe. This leads to leakage of flux from pipe areas which have undergone metal loss, as well as a change in the shape of the induced magnetic field. Flux leakage is detected by sensors; computer software is then used to determine the type and size of anomalies detected by the sensor.

MFL devices consist of several systems packaged into a single tool. At a minimum, an MFL tool contains a magnetizing element, sensor, data recording, and power systems. MFL tools are usually categorized as single piece or segmented. Single piece MFL tools contain all system components in a single rigid tool while segmented tools consist of multiple pieces joined to one another with flexible connectors.

Inspection of pipelines via MFL detection involves the deployment of an MFL device through the pipeline. As the device moves through the pipeline, usually pushed by the product flowing through the pipeline, the tool detects and records changes in magnetic flux. Traditional MFL devices, also called axial MFL, produce a magnetic field oriented along the axis of the pipe. More recently, circumferential MFL has been developed whereby the magnetic field is oriented around the pipe, allowing for better detection of axial defects such as cracks, seam weld defects, and groove corrosion.

MFL inspection only works on conductive cast iron or steel pipelines. Most MFL applications are large, and therefore only suited to larger diameter pipelines; however, some commercial applications have been developed for use in smaller diameter pipelines. Although MFL is most commonly used to detect metal loss, the technique can detect a variety of pipeline anomalies, including circumferential and longitudinal cracks. Newer, advanced MFL tools are additionally capable of producing accurate measurements of pipe defects.

Given the widespread use of MFL technology in the oil and gas industry, there are a variety of commercial MFL products available. However, the technology has yet to gain acceptance in condition assessment for wastewater collection systems. The majority of MFL tools operate on the basic principles outlined in the previous section. The primary disti nction between them is whether they use axial or

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circumferential MFL, and the applicable diameter range. Table 4-11 provides basic specifications on available MFL tools.

Table 4-11: MFL Product Comparison

DEVICE VENDOR TYPE PIPE SIZE NOTE
AES 19 Advanced Engineering
Services
Circumferential 3-in. to 12-in.

AES ECAT Advanced Engineering
Services
Axial >12-in. Works externally
Axial Flaw Detection
(AFD) Tool
Rosen Inspection Circumferential 6-in. to 56-in.

Corrosion Detection
Pig (CDP)
Rosen Inspection Axial 6-in. to 56-in.

CPIG Baker Hughes Axial 4-in. to 48-in.

LINSCAN Lin Scan Axial 6-in. to 56-in.

MagneScan GE Energy Axial 6-in. to 56-in.

MAGPIE TDW Services, Inc. Axial 4-in. to 42-in.

MFL Inspection Tool NGKS Axial 8-in. to 56-in.

Pipesurvey MFL Pipesurvey
International
Axial Bidirectional
TranScan GE Energy Circumferential 12-in. to 36-in.

VECTRA BJ Services Company Circumferential Inertial navigation Vertiline /V-Line* Baker Hughes Axial 2-in. to 36- in. Bidirectional *According to Baker Hughes, the Vertiline/V-line system is applicable for use in sewer lines.

4.4 Laser Profiling
Laser profiling generates a profile of a pipe’s interior wall. The technique involves using a laser to create a line of light around the pipe wall. For this reason, it is also called the lightline method. The laser light highlights the shape of the sewer, allowing for the detection of changes to the pipe’s shape, which may be caused by deformation, corrosion, or siltation. Laser inspection can only be used to inspect dry portions of a pipe. To assess the entire internal surface of a pipeline requires the pipe to be taken out of service.

Lasers are often used in combination with other inspection methods, most commonly CCTV and/or sonar.

Table 4-12 provides a summary description of the laser profiling technology.

Table 4-12: Laser Profiling Summary

SUMMARY
Sewer type Gravity sewers, force mains.

Material Any
Pipe size Product dependent
Defects detected Deformations, siltation, corrosion,
Original application Earlier use in large diameter t unnels and caverns Status Commercially available
Advantages Provides better data quality then CCTV a lone, can be used to create 3D models of pipelines.

Disadvantages Can only detect defects above the wat er line.

Specific examples of laser profiling technologies are presented in the following section.

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Active 3D Laser Scanning – Redzone Robotics
RedZone Robotics offers the Active 3D Laser Scanning Attachment for its Responder Robotic platform.

This attachment creates a three dimensional model of the pipe, which allows for visualization of features not visible by CCTV inspection. The attachment can be used to assess pipes ranging from 48-in. to 100- in. in diameter, and requires a minimum 24-in. diameter manhole for deployment. Inspections up to 5,500-ft. are standard while specialized configurations enable custom inspections of up to 14,000-ft.

Coolvision – Sima Environmental
Coolvision is an attachment for traditional CCTV systems. The laser system results in reports which detail pipe grade and deflection. The system allows for the detection and measurement of cracks, as well as the measurement of sediment, water depth, and service locations.

Laser Profiler – CUES
CUES offers the Laser Profiler as an attachment to the CUES CCTV system. The attachment easily snaps on to the system, and allows for the creation of reports which include measurements of sewer defects.

The attachment works by projecting a ring of light on the pipe’s surface. The light is recorded by the CCTV camera as the inspection is conducted. Software is used to analyze the laser ring and create a 3D digital profile of the pipe. This can be done either from live or recorded video. The profiler can be used to detect and measure pipe size, ovality and capacity, laterals, water levels, and off-set joints, as well as to collect survey data. The CUES laser attachment can be used to inspect pipes ranging from 6-in. to 72-in. in diameter.

Laser Profiling Tool - Envirosight
Envirosight provides a laser profiling tool which can be used with either the ROVVER or SuperVision crawlers and a CCTV camera. The device can detect corrosion, cracks, debris, pipe deformation, and incorrect installation of liner. The tool can be us ed individually, or in combination with a sonar profiler to inspect the pipe surface below the flow line. The tool can be used in pipes ranging from 4-in. to 160-in. in diameter. The tool is used with machine vision software, which uses data gathered from the CCTV video to create a variety of reports, statistical analyses, and 2D or 3D models of the pipe.

Laser Profiler – R&R Visual
R&R Visual offers the Laser Profiler for inspection of dry gravity sewers. The tool works on pipes ranging in sizes from 6-in. to 160-in. in diameter. The device allows for accurate pipeline measurement, measurement of sediment depth and volume. R&R Visua l suggests utilizing this technology to assist in soliciting accurate price quotes for pipeline cleaning in order to create cost savings for the utility owner.

The system works with R&R Visual proprietary software and Clearline software for 3D modeling.

4.5 Flow Meters
Flow meters (area-velocity meters) typically operate by direct measurement of depth and velocity. Flow is then calculated based on the continuity equation. Metering devices referred to as “depth-only” or “primary” metering devices calculate flow using weirs or flumes based on flow discharge relationship equations. These metering devices are limited for p ipe reaches that do not surcharge. Other “velocity- only” metering devices function by measuring velocity in pipe sections that continually operate under full flow conditions.

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Communication with a flow meter can be achieved in the following manners: direct connection by laptop in the field, telephone land lines, wireless digital telephone or internet technology, or radio frequency networks. This includes communication through such technologies as general packet radio service/enhanced data rates for global evolution (GPRS/EDGE); code division multiple access (CDMA); mobile digital radio technology, including CDMA-1XRTT and CDMA-EVDO (evolution data optimized). Although most meter data are collected with laptops in the field, wireless communication is becoming the most popular method for new meters. Most wireless communication uses internet technology. A major distinction between the communi cation approaches is whether each meter is assigned a fixed internet protocol (IP) address or a floating IP address. The floating IP address is the easiest and least costly to deploy, but it also allows only one-way communication from the meter to the host. Communication with a fixed IP address occurs only when initiated by the meter. Fixed IP addresses allow the user to communicate with the meter for altering set up features, changing alarm setup features and downloading new software. Many wireless carriers do not offer fixed IP addresses.

Real time communication is a very popular concept and is becoming widely used in wastewater treatment plants. Implementing real time communication in sew ers is more difficult for two reasons. Most meters operate by battery and frequent communication uses more energy than data collection does. Energy use for communication is high both for operating a modem with land lines and operating the radio frequency equipment for wireless communication. Additionally, the term “real-time” in sewers is actually “near time”, because most meter measurements are in 5-minute or 15-minute collection frequencies, as many operators prefer lower collection frequencies to achieve longer battery life. Most metering technologies relying on wireless communication operate in a one-way mode from the meter to the host. This strategy is dictated primarily by the energy cost to “stay awake” for incoming communication.

The traditional view of real time data is from a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) perspective in which data are collected at a high frequency from many “dumb” sensors and a central computer sorts and archives the data. This approach works well for process control. An operator is alerted to problems by the use of “set points”, such as a drop in dissolved oxygen level below a specified concentration. This may trigger an alarm condition requiring an operator response. Real time data in sewers have less value because there rarely are controllable processes in sewers, except for pump stations and perhaps diversion gates.

Software for collecting and reporting flow monitoring data has evolved along with improvements in communication protocols. Desk-top programs for analyzing flow data, performance monitoring, and project reporting are being replaced with web-based applications, which connect wirelessly to flow monitors. These software applications automate time-consuming tasks; making them more reliable and cost-effective than traditional software programs. Additionally, some of the programs incorporate GIS functionality, allowing users to integrate flow data with GIS models of the sewer system.

4.6 Innovative Technologies
Besides the range of commercially available technologies for evaluation of wastewater systems and other underground pipes, several other innovative technologies are currently under development. While the following technologies are not currently commercially available for condition assessment of wastewater systems, they may be feasible methods of sewer assessment in the future.

4.6.1 Gamma-Gamma Logging
Gamma-gamma logging is a technique used primarily to evaluate cast-in-place concrete pilings and for vertical borehole investigation in the mining and oil and gas industries. The technique involves the use of a gamma-gamma probe, which consists of a source of gamma radiation such as cesium-137 and one or

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more gamma detectors. The detectors are shielded from direct radiation by a heavy metal such as lead.

The gamma-gamma probe emits photons which react to surrounding material based on density. The photons are backscattered by the surrounding material, and data are recorded as a density log. Inspection using this technique is accomplished by raising and lowering the probe within a PVC inspection tube that is inserted into the concrete piling or borehole. Results of the inspection yield information on the average bulk density of the concrete. Properly constructed structures will have a consistent density. The technique can also be used to locate voids.

To date, gamma-gamma logging has not been used in pipeline inspection. However, researchers at Karlsruhe University in Germany performed laboratory tests that indicated a gamma-gamma probe could be used to locate lateral connections and locate and measure the size of cavities in the bedding surrounding a pipe. The technology may be applicable for evaluating the overall condition of concrete pipe or for detecting voids in bedding surrounding pipes. However, significant application issues would exist in terms of training requirements and the tracking of the nuclear materials. These issues are faced by the users of nuclear density gauges for soil compaction control.

4.6.2 Ground Penetrating Radar
The U.S. military originally developed ground penetrating radar (GPR) to locate underground tunnels and mines. GPR operates on the same principle as radar. A transmitting antenna emits high-frequency radio waves into the ground. The waves travel through the ground until they reach a material which has a different conductivity and dielectric constant than the earth. The signal is reflected and recorded by a separate receiving antenna. The amount of time it takes for the electromagnetic radio waves to be reflected by subsurface materials can be analyzed to determine the position and depth of features below the earth’s surface.

There are a number of commercially available GPR systems. While some are designed to be used to locate underground utilities, none is significantly used at present for pipeline inspection. GPR systems that have been used to date in North America for internal pipe inspection could be considered more in the prototype stage than in commercial use. However, since GPR can detect underground voids, it is potentially useful for examination of pipe bedding. GPR can also potentially be used to locate leaks, since saturated soil slows radio waves, resulting in a GPR profile showing a pipe deeper then would be expected. Research into using GPR for sewer and bed ding condition inspections is ongoing. Research has already been conducted on its use for small diameter sewer lines and brick sewers.

4.6.3 Infrared Thermography
Infrared thermography (IRT) involves the use of an infrared camera to measure the temperature differential across the surface of an object. Software can then be used to create an image displaying different temperatures as different colors. This allows for the detection of the surface expression of thermal conditions beneath the surface. In this regard, it is a potential method of detecting sewer defects such as leaks and voids, both of which can result in surface temperature variations when a sufficient internal/external temperature difference exists.

Two basic methods of IRT are generally employed: passive IRT, which requires no external heat source; and active IRT, which requires the use of a heat source such as an infrared tube light. Research into the use of passive IRT to detect defects in and around subsurface pipelines has been conducted. The method has been demonstrated to be capable of detecting subsurface defects such as leaks, voids, and deteriorated insulation. Because the process is carried out from the surface, and the equipment used can scan a large area quickly, the technology can be an efficient method for detecting pipe defects. Active IRT has been proposed as a method for pipeline assessment, but has not yet been evaluated.

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4.6.4 Micro-Deflection
Micro-deflection is a nondestructive technology used to evaluate brick, concrete, and clay structures. The method involves the use of a load to create slight deformation, termed a micro-deflection, in the test material. The change in position of the structure is measured, and a graph of load versus deflection is created. Structurally sound test materials would be expected to have a consistent load versus deflection graph, while deteriorated sections of the material would have a different value on the graph.

Although not a widespread method of evaluating wastewater pipes, micro-deflection has been used to evaluate brick sewers. However, the usefulness of micro-deflection is limited, because the process can only give a general understanding of pipe condition, such as the integrity of joints, rather than identifying individual defects. In addition, plastics such as PVC and HDPE cannot be inspected using this method.

4.6.5 Impact Echo/Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) Impact Echo and SASW are two related techniques for evaluation of concrete and masonry. Both work by subjecting a pipe to an elastic impact, produced by a device such as a pneumatic hammer, which then propagates through the pipe. The waves are reflected by internal flaws, as well as the surface of the material, and the reflected waves are detected by an acoustic transducer such as a geophone located on the exterior of the pipe. The technique can locate and measure cracks, delaminations, voids, and honeycombing.

Impact Echo testing services are provided by several companies and its applicability for pipelines has been researched. The Acoustic Impact Hammer, developed by the University of Karlsruhe in Germany, uses a hammer to tap the inner surface of a pipe; laboratory trials resulted in the detection of cracks and cavities around the pipe. A German technology which uses lasers to scan the response to impacts and analyze them via SASW is available for tunnels and large pipes; however, this system requires entry into the pipe and is therefore only suitable for very large pipes.

4.6.6 Ultrasonic Testing Systems
Several new ultrasonic-based testing systems are currently under development. Researchers at King’s College in London are developing a multi-sensor system termed the Ultrasonic-Based Inspection System that can be integrated into existing CCTV inspection systems. This system automatically classifies data based on an artificial neural network, and can detect very small cracks in the millimeter range. Research into use of ultrasonic pulse velocity for the evaluation of concrete is being carried out at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Researchers at Pennsylvania State University are working to develop a sensor using No-Contact Ultrasonic technology, which would be deployed into pipelines on a wheeled carriage.

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5.0 Technology Forum Summary

5.1 Background
A technology forum was held on September 11 and 12, 2008 in Edison, New Jersey to discuss the state of the science for condition assessment of wastewater collection systems and to identify critical gaps in current knowledge. The white paper was distributed to parti cipants in advance of the meeting and served as a basis for forum discussions. The objective of the forum was to present the findings of the research and obtain direction for additional research and further evaluation during the field demonstration tasks. Figure 5-1 lists the presenters and attendees at the Technology Forum.

WERF and other research institutions expressed interest in collaboration and sharing of research findings. WERF has completed twelve research projects related to condition assessment and rehabilitation of wastewater infrastructure in the last ten years; these research reports can be found at www.werf.org. WERF’s Cond ition Assessment Protocols project, completed in 2007, provides guidance on developing and implementing a condition assessment program, and includes an inventory of condition assessment tools and techniques. On-going W ERF research includes development of decision support tools and implementation guidance for risk analysis, cost- benefit, and estimation of residual life. Virginia Tech is working on a WERF project to create the National Database for Sustainable Water Infrastructure Management, with the objective of creating a web-based model that can be used by utilities to determine information requirements for asset management decisions and support the formal specification of data requirements.

5.2 General Discussion
The primary components of any asset management program include the identification, location and condition of assets; the determination of their useful life, and their valuation. Condition assessment provides the critical information needed to determine the condition of each pipe within the system and its estimated time to failure or remaining useful life. Critical gaps in the use of condition assessment as an asset management tool include lack of consistent, standard condition assessment protocols; methods for the systematic collection of data; and formal risk assessment methods to prioritize resources for maintenance and or/rehabilitation activities.

Data needs for conducting condition assessment and making asset management decisions were discussed at the Forum. It is important to define data needs so resources are spent wisely. The level of data needed for day-to-day management is different than what is needed for making decisions on major rehabilitation. Some meeting participants suggested that simple rules of thumb are adequate for making rehabilitation decisions (i.e., three or more major defects per 250-300 foot pipe segment triggers rehab or replacement). It was agreed by the participants that very detailed information is needed for CMOM. Better data including historical information are required for modeling. There is a concern that creating large databases for condition assessment data would be overwhelming to utilities. There is added value from gathering extra data. Information from a variety of inspection tools should be used to make better decisions; CCTV is only one aspect of assessment and should not be used in isolation.

Flow monitoring is an important tool in asset management. In one case, pipes were going to be replaced at tremendous cost, but flow monitoring data showed a restriction at a stream crossing was causing a backup; the restriction was fixed, and overflows were reduced dramatically at a much lower cost. Flow assessment data can be used to assess sewer condition and long-term system performance and to help calibrate models. Flow metering data is traditionally used to generate hydrographs which provide information about water upstream of the meter.

Scattergraphs (displays of paired depth and velocity readings that look like a pipe curve under normal flow conditions), can reveal both upstream and downstream conditions, and can be used as verification of other inspection data. Flow metering data may not be useful for predicting pipe failure.

The development and implementation of condition assessment programs was a topic of discussion. Most condition assessment programs are currently focused on identifying and correcting I/I problems. A question was raised as to whether condition assessment should focus on other sewer defects in the future. Some utilities focus on coding defects, but may not spend enough time on identifying and correcting problems. The condition

Case 3:05-cv-03829-MMC Document 57 Filed 06/04/18 Page 110 of 126 493
assessment program should have a system-wide focus and not be limited to one aspect of the collection system such as laterals or manholes.

An understanding of pipe failure mechanisms is needed to tailor a condition assessment program to the utility’s high priority needs and also to improve use of predictive models. The United Kingdom has developed a comprehensive database on wastewater utility assets and pipe failures that can be used to study pipe failure mechanisms. Pipe failure is dependent on many factors including the system design, installation, operation, maintenance and inspection. For example, system operating conditions (i.e. hydraulics, I/I) together with poor maintenance practices may cause accumulation of sediment and other debris, resulting in sewage blockages, overflows, increased hydrogen sulfide production and/or increased corrosion. The main cause of failure in ferrous force mains is internal corrosion whereas PCCP fails most often due to external corrosion. Rehabilitated pipe may fail at an accelerated rate depending on contractor experience, selection of rehab technology and the understanding of baseline conditions. Many failures can be traced to human error.

There are many tools and risk assessment models for decision making related to asset management, ranging from simple to complex. A question was raised as to whether utilities should use simple vs. complex tools. A one-size fits all approach does not seem appropriate. One tool that is needed is a branched decision-making tree based on defect coding that can help prioritize areas for inspection. Decision making models are used to assess the probability of failure and the consequences of failure. With accurate assessments of the probability of failure and the consequences of failure, cost-effective decisions can be made on risk mitigation. While the physical science is good, the decision sciences are lagging. Utilities often lack the input data for pipe failure prediction models.

There is a need for better decision making, and to improve on the general rules-of-thumb to make decision making more cost effective.

A number of models related to risk-based pipe performance and condition assessment were presented and discussed at the Forum:
x An on-going WERF project is developing a web-based model that can be used by utilities to determine information requirements for asset management decisions and support the formal specification of data requirements. The project is developing protocols and methods for predicting the remaining economic life of water and wastewater pipes, and developing a condition/performance index.
x Fuzzy logic can be used for modeling pipe deterioration and to help make decisions on pipe renewal.

Fuzzy mathematics provides an alternative in cases where pipe condition data are lacking. It analyzes possibilities rather than probabilities of failure. The method was applied to large water transmission mains as part of an AwwaRF project. Prototype software T-WARP is available on AwwaRF’s website (AwwaRF Project No. 2883).
x CARE-S, funded by the European Union, was designed as a proactive approach to develop methods and software that support efficient rehabilitation decisions. Failure codes developed as part of this project have been adopted by six European countries to date. CARE-S can be used for failure forecasting, assessments of hydraulic performance and environmental impacts, and selection of rehabilitation technologies.
x A simple approach for condition assessment presented at the Forum taps into the utility’s extensive knowledge of the piping network rather than a comprehensive database of pipe information. The approach uses the utility’s “beliefs” or observations about pipe condition to develop a criticality rating of likelihood and consequences of failure. The approach is user friendly and does not require expert input. It can be applied using a simple comp uter program by utilities and their consultants.

The approach was developed by a WERF-funded project, SCRAPS.

5.3 Critical Gaps Identified in State of the Science
Critical gaps in our knowledge of inspection technologies, and our ability to diagnose and predict infrastructure failures were identified at the Technology Forum and are summarized below.

1. Research is needed to further define the costs a nd benefits of pipe inspection and rehabilitation as part of a utility’s condition assessment program. Methods of determining the impact of deteriorating collection systems on municipal budgets are needed.

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2. Inspection technologies need to be identified fo r the following applications:
a. Reduce use of confined space entry during sewer system inspections and investigations. b. Affordable inspection technology that utilizes m ulti-sensor devices on a small transportable package.
c. Inspecting pipes below the waterline.
d. Inspecting force mains that are in service.
e. Inspecting laterals.

3. Data management methods and models are available but a lack of standardization makes it difficult to compare historical data collected with different inspection technologies that have proprietary data structures.

4. Research is needed to improve how asset conditio n is tracked over time. Geospatial information (with a high degree of accuracy) needs to be collected along with pipe condition data in order to link historical inspection data with an exact physical location.

5. Information transfer to practitioners was identi fied as a critical industry need. Practitioners need training on topics such as infrastructure failure mechanisms; using historical inspection data for condition assessment applications; applying the PACP coding system to characterize pipe defects; developing a condition assessment program; and preparing accurate record drawings for new and rehabilitated pipe. Practitioners need simple condi tion assessment tools (i.e. scattergraphs for analyzing flow data, decision trees, and rules of thumb).

5.4 Recommended Next Steps
Based on the Technology Forum discussions and findings, the project team has identified the following technologies for possible inclusion in the project’s field demonstrations:

1. Focused Electrode Leak Location System FELLS 41.

2. Ultra-wide band (UWB).

3. Laser (2D/3D).

4. Autonomous crawler technology.

5. Zoom Camera.

6. Digital scanning vs. CCTV.

7. Flow metering analysis as input to decision maki ng tools to prioritize need for inspection.

8. Embedded sensors to monitor deflection, corrosio n potential, and pressure.

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PROJECT TEAM
The Cadmus Group
*Katherine Martel
Ralph Jones
Chi Ho Sham
The Louis Berger Group
Lou Ragozzino
*Christopher Feeney
Samantha Hogan
ADS
Pat Stevens
Michael Bonomo
RedZone Robotics
*Scott Thayer
Brian Bannon
*John Fortin-Independent Consultant

TECHNOLOGY EXPERTS
*D. Thomas Iseley - Purdue University *Lucio Soibel man - Carnegie Mellon University Jeff Plymale – RJN Group *Raymond L. Sterling - Lou isiana Tech *Dan Murray - USEPA ORD *Tony Urquhart – MWH Global
*Roy Ramani – WERF *James Thomson - Consultant
*Duncan Rose – GHD Consulting Inc. *Annie Vanrenter ghem-Raven - NYU Polytechnic *Sunil K. Sinha - Virginia Tech *Zack Zhao - Ultral iner, Inc.

US EPA PARTICIPANTS
Steve Allbee *Dennis Lai Ari Selvakumar
Richard Field *Dan Murray Anthony Tafuri
Evelyn Huertas Michael Royer Carlos Villafañe

STAKEHOLDERS
Steve Allbee – USEPA Office of Water
*Yehuda Kleiner – NRC Canada
Troy Norris – ASCE Pipeline Division
*Roy Ramani - Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) *Rod Thornhill – National Association of Sewer Service Companies (NASSCO) Marty Umberg - National Association of Clean Water Agencies (NACWA) Robert A. Villee – WEF Collection System Committee

ADDITIONAL ATTENDEES
Wendy Condit – Battelle
George Kurz - Barge Waggoner Sumner & Cannon
Robert Pennington - Camp Dresser & McKee Inc.

Lily Wang - Battelle
Dan Watts - New Jersey Institute of Technology
*Technology Forum Presenter
Figure 5-1: Technology Forum Attendees

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6.0 References
American Concrete Institute. (2000). Service-Life Prediction: State- of-the-Art Report. American Concrete Institute: Framington Hills, MI.

American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AwwaRF). (2005). Risk Management of Large-Diameter Water Transmission Mains. AwwaRF Project No. 2883. AwwaRF: Denver, CO.

Fleury, M.A. and Warner, J. (2007). Arizona’s Largest Condition Assessment. Proceedings of WEF Collection Systems Specialty Conference, May 13-16, Portland, OR.

Marlow, D., Heart, S., Burn, S., Urquhart, A., Gould, S., Anderson, M., Cook, S., Ambrose, M., Madin, B., and Fitzgerald, A. (2007). Condition Assessment Strategies and Protocols for Water and Wastewater Utility Assets. Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF): Alexandria, VA and IWA Publishing: London, United Kingdom.

McDonald, S.E. and Zhao, J.Q. 2001. Condition Assessment and Rehabilitation of Large Sewers . Report No. NRCC-44696. Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council Canada:

Ottawa, Canada
Merrill, M.S., Lukas, A., Palmer, R.N., and Hahn, M.A. (2004). Development of a Tool to Prioritize Sewer Inspections. WERF: Alexandria, VA.

National Association of Sewer Service Companies (NAASCO). (2001). Pipeline Assessment And Certificate Program (PACP),v. 3.0 . NASSCO: Owings Mills, MD.

Pressure Pipe Inspection Company, The . (n.d.). The Remote Field Eddy Current / Transformer Coupling Technology (RFEC/TC). Retrieved December 10, 2008 from http://www.ppic.com/home/download.html
Rahman, S. and Vanier, D.J. (2004). Municipal Infrastructure Investment Planning. MIIP Report: An Evaluation of Condition Assessment Protocols for Sewer Management. Report No. B-5123.6, Institute for Research in Construction: Ottawa, Canada.

Thomson, J.C. (2008). The Value of Inspection. Presented at: STREAMS Task Order 59 Condition Assessment of Collection Systems Technology Forum. Sept. 11-12, 2008. Edison, NJ.

Thomson, J.C., Hayward, P., Hazelden, G. Morrison, R.S., Sangster, T ., Williams, D.S., Kopchynkski, R.K. (2004). An Examination of Innovative Methods used in the Inspection of Wastewater Systems.

WERF: Alexandria, VA and IWA Publishing: London, United Kingdom.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2002). Clean Water and Drinking Water Infrastructure Gap Analysis. Report No. USEPA-816-R-02-020, USEPA, Office of Water:

Washington, District of Columbia.

USEPA. (2005). Guide for Evaluating Capacity, Management, Operation, and Maintenance (CMOM) Programs at Sanitary Sewer Collection Systems . Report No. EPA-305-B-05-002, USEPA Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance: Washington, District of Columbia.

Case 3:05-cv-03829-MMC Document 57 Filed 06/04/18 Page 114 of 126 497
USEPA. (2007). Innovation and Research for Water Infrastructure for the 21 st Century Research Plan.

Report No. EPA-ORD-NRMRL-CI-08-03-02, USEPA: Washington, District of Columbia.

Water Research Centre (WRc). (2003). Manual of Sewer Condition Assessment, 4 th edition. WRc:

Swindon, Wiltshire, United Kingdom.

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Appendix A
Technology Vendors
Page A-1
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Camera Technologies
Digital Camera Inspection
Product(s) Vendor/Address Phone/Fax/Email/URL
DigiSewer Envirosight
111 Canfield Ave.

Randolph, NJ 07869
Tel: (866) 936-8476
Fax: (973) 252-1176
Email: through website
URL:
http://www.envirosight.com
Panoramo Rapidview-IBAK USA
1828 West Olson Road
Rochester, IN 46975
Tel: (800) 656-4225
Fax: (574) 224-5426
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.rapidview.com
Sewer Scanning
Evaluation
Technology (SSET)
Hydromax USA, LLC
1766 Brent Drive
Newburgh, IN 47630
Tel: (812) 925-3930
Fax: (812) 925-3911
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.hydromaxusa.com
Zoom Cameras
Product Vendor/Address Phone/Fax/Email/URL
AquaZoom Aquadata, Inc.
95 5 th Avenue
Pincourt, Quebec
Canada J7V 5K8
Tel: (800) 567-9003
Fax: (514) 425-3506
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.aquadata.com
Aries HC3000 Zoom Aries Industries Tel: (800) 234-7 205 Pole Camera 550 Elizabeth St.

Waukesha, WI 53186
Fax: (262) 896-7099
Email: through website
URL:
http://www.ariesind.com
Ca-Zoom PTZ GE Sensing & Inspection
Technologies
Tel: (888) 332-3848
Fax: (866) 899-4184
Quickview 721 Visions Drive
Skaneateles, NY 13152
Email: through website
URL:
http://www.geinspectiontechnologies.com
CUES IMX Truck
Mounted Zoom
Camera
CUES IMX Corporate Office
3600 Rio Vista Ave.

Orlando, FL 32805
Tel: (800) 327-7791
Fax: (407) 425-1569
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.cuesinc.com
Page A-2
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PortaZoom CTZoom Technologies Tel: (888) 965-8987
2500 Boul. Des Enteprises #104
Terrebonne (Quebec)
Canada J6X 4J8
Fax: (450) 965-8987
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.ctzoom.com
Push Cameras
Product(s) Address Phone/Fax/Email/URL
Insight Vision Push
Camera
Insight Vision
600 Dekora Woods Boulevard
Saukville, WI 53080
Tel: (800) 488-8177
Fax: (262) 268-9952
URL:
http://insightvisioncameras.com
CrystalCam Push
Camera
Inuktun Services Ltd.
2569 Kenworth Road, Ste. C
Nanaimo, BC
Canada, V9T 3M4
Tel: (877) 468-5886
Fax: (250) 729-8080
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.inuktun.com/head-
office.htm
Flexiprobe Pearpoint/RADIODETECTION
154 Portland Road
Bridgton, ME 04000
Tel: (877) 247-3797
Fax: (207) 647-9495
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.pearpoint.com
Hydrus, Orion,
Orion L
Rapidview-IBAK USA
1828 West Olson Road
Rochester, IN 46975
Tel: (800) 656-4225
Fax: (574) 224-5426
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.rapidview.com
Lateral Launchers
Product(s) Vendor/Address Phone/Fax/Email/URL
LAMP CUES IMX Corporate Office
3600 Rio Vista Ave.

Orlando, FL 32805
Tel: (800) 327-7791
Fax: (407) 425-1569
Email:
[email protected]
URL: www.cuesinc.com
Lateral Evaluation
Television System
Aries Industries
550 Elizabeth St.

Waukesha, WI 53186
Tel: (800) 234-7205
Fax: (262) 896-7099
URL:
http://www.ariesind.com
Lateral Inspection
System
RS Technical Services
1327 Clegg St.

Petaluma, CA 94954
Tel: (800) 767-1974
Fax: (707) 778-1974
URL:
http://www.rstechserv.com
Page A-3
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IBAK LISY 150-M Rapidview-IBAK USA Tel: (800) 656-4 225 1828 West Olson Road
Rochester, IN 46975
Fax: (574) 224-5426
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.rapidview.com
Small Diameter Tractors
Product(s) Address Phone/Fax/Email/URL
ELKT100 Mini Pearpoint/RADIODETECTION
154 Portland Road
Bridgton, ME 04000
Tel: (877) 247-3797
Fax: (207) 647-9495
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.pearpoint.com
KRA 65 Rapidview-IBAK USA
1828 West Olson Road
Rochester, IN 46975
Tel: (800) 656-4225
Fax: (574) 224-5426
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.rapidview.com
Mighty Mini
Transporter
RS Technical Services
1327 Clegg St.

Petaluma, CA 94954
Tel: (800) 767-1974
Fax: (707) 778-1974
URL:
http://www.rstechserv.com
Rovver 100 Envirosight
111 Canfield Ave.

Randolph, NJ 07869
Tel: (866) 936-8476
Fax: (973) 252-1176
Email: through website
URL:
http://www.envirosight.com
Versatrax 100 Inuktun Services Ltd.
2569 Kenworth Road, Ste. C
Nanaimo, BC
Canada, V9T 3M4
Tel: (877) 468-5886
Fax: (250) 729-8080
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.inuktun.com/head-
office.htm
Xpress Silver-Bullet
Crawler
Insight Vision
600 Dekora Woods Boulevard
Saukville, WI 53080
Tel: (800) 488-8177
Fax: (262) 268-9952
URL:
http://insightvisioncameras.com
Long Range Tractors
Product Vendor/Address Phone/Fax/Email/URL
Versatrax 300 VLR Inuktun Services Ltd.
2569 Kenworth Road, Ste. C
Nanaimo, BC
Canada, V9T 3M4
Tel: (877) 468-5886
Fax: (250) 729-8080
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.inuktun.com/head-
office.htm
Page A-4
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Responder Redzone Robotics Fax: (412) 476-8981
91 43 rd St., Ste.250 Email: through website
Pittsburgh, PA 15201 URL: http://www.redzone.com
Acoustic Technologies
In-Line Leak Detectors
Product Address Phone/Fax/Email/URL
LxSentry LxSix Photonics
520 McCaffrey St.

St-Laurent, Quebec
Canada H4T 1N1
Tel: (514) 599-5714
Fax: (514) 599-5729
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.lxsix.com
Sahara Pressure Pipe Inspection
Company
1930 West Qual Avenue, Suite
A
Phenix, AZ 85027
Tel: (866)-990-2466
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.ppic.com
Smartball Pure Technologies
Suite A, 9130 Red Branch Road
Columbia, Maryland 21045
Tel:1-800-537-2806
Fax: (443) 766-7877
Email: through website
URL:
http://www.puretechnologiesltd.com
Acoustic Monitoring Systems
Product Address Phone/Fax/Email/URL
AET Pressure Pipe Inspection
Company
1930 West Qual Avenue, Suite
A
Phenix, AZ 85027
Tel: (866)-990-2466
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.ppic.com
Soundprint AFO Pure Technologies
Suite A, 9130 Red Branch Road
Columbia, Maryland 21045
Tel:1-800-537-2806
Fax: (443) 766-7877
Email: through website
URL:
http://www.puretechnologiesltd.com
Sonar/Ultrasonic
Product Address Phone/Fax/Email/URL
Amtec Sonar
TISCIT
Amtec Surveying Inc.
3355 Lenox Rd. Ste. 750
Atlanta, GA 30326
Tel: (404) 504-7044
Fax: (404) 504-7004
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.amtecsurveying.com
Page A-5
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A-SIS AquaCoustic Remote Tel: (888) 3749-7601
AquaCoustic Technologies, Inc.
3339 West 8 th Ave.

Vancouver, BC
V6R 1Y3 Canada
Fax: (604) 730-8771
Email:

[email protected]
URL: http://www.aquacoustic.com
Envirosight Envirosight
111 Canfield Ave.

Randolph, NJ 07869
Tel: (866) 936-8476
Fax: (973) 252-1176
Email: through website
URL:
http://www.envirosight.com
PipeEye PipeEye International
Unit 28 – 6275 Harrison Dr.,
Park 2000
Las Vegas, NV 89120
Tel: (888) 756-2033
Fax: (250) 753-2642
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://pipe-eye-int.com
RVS2 R&R Visual, Inc.
1828 West Olson Rd.

Rochester, In 46975
Tel: (800) 776-5653
Fax: (574)-223-7953
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.expipeinspection.com
Sonar Profiler System CUES Corporate Office Tel: (8 00) 327-7791 (submerged/semi- 3600 Rio Vista Ave. Fax: (407) 425-1569 submerged) Orlando, FL 32805 Email: [email protected] URL: www.cuesinc.com
Sonar Sewer Profiling
Attachment
Sonar Sweep
Attachment
Redzone Robotics
91 43 rd St., Ste.250
Pittsburgh, PA 15201
Fax: (412) 476-8981
Email – through website
URL:
http://www.redzone.com
Ultrascan CD GE Inspection Technologies Tel: (866) 243-2638 Ultrascan DUO 50 Industrial Park Road Fax: (717) 242-2606 Ultrascan WM Lewistown, PA 17044 URL:
http://www.geinspectiontecnologies.com
Inspector Systems
Ultrasonic Inspection
Robot
Aqua Drill International Inc.
1300 FM 545 East
Dickinson, TX 77539
Tel: (281) 337-0900
Fax: (281) 337-7270
URL:
http://www.inspector-systtems.com
Wavemaker Guided Ultrasonics Ltd.
30 Saville Road
Chiswick, London
W4 5HG
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0) 20 8991 3771
Fax: +44 (0) 20 8987 0558
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.guided-ultrasonics.com
Page A-6
Case 3:05-cv-03829-MMC Document 57 Filed 06/04/18 Page 121 of 126 504
Electrical and Electromagnetic Products
Electrical Leak Location Method
Product Address Phone/Fax/Email/URL
FELL-21
FELL-41
Metrotech Corporation
3251 Olcott St.

Santa Clara, CA 95054
Tel: (800) 446-3392
Fax: (408) 734-1415
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.fell21.com
Eddy Current and Remote Field Eddy Current
Product Vendor/Address Phone/Fax/Email/URL
BEM Rock Solid Pty, Ltd.
11 Evans Str.

Burwood Vic 3124
Australia
Tel: (+613) 9335-6122
Fax: (613) 9335-6733
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.rocksolidgroup.com.au
Hydroscope Hydroscope Canada, Inc
8170 50 St. NW Suite 260
Edmonton, AB, T6B 1E6
Tel: (780)-450-6224
Fax: (780) 450-6224
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.hydroscope.com
See Snake Tool CHECK IF VENDOR
Russel NDE Systems, Inc.
4909 75 th Avenue
Edmonton, AB, Canada T6B
2S3
Tel: (780) 468-6800
Fax: (780) 462-9378
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.russeltech.com
P-Wave Pure Technologies
Suite A, 9130 Red Branch Road
Columbia, Maryland 21045
Tel:1-800-537-2806
Fax: (443) 766-7877
Email: through website
URL:
http://www.puretechnologiesltd.com
RFEC/TC Pressure Pipe Investigation
Company
[email protected]
http://www.ppic.com/home/index.asp
Page A-7
Case 3:05-cv-03829-MMC Document 57 Filed 06/04/18 Page 122 of 126 505
Magnetic Flux Leakage
Product Address Phone/Fax/Email/URL
AES 19

AES ECAT
Advanced Engineering
Solutions, LTD
South Nelson Road
South Nelson Industrial Estate
Cramlington, Northumberland
NE23 1WF
United Kingdom
Tel: +41 41 618 0 300
Fax: +41 41 618 0 319
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.aesengs.co.uk
Axial Flaw Detection
(AFD)
Corrosion Detection
Pig (CDP)
Rosen Inspection
Obere Spichermatt 14
6370 Stans
Switzerland
Tel: +41 41 618 0 300
Fax: +41 41 618 0 319
Email:
[email protected]
URL: www.RosenInspection.net
CPIG
Vertiline/V-line, CPIG
Baker Hughes
12645 West Airport Blvd.

Sugar Land, TX 77478
Tel: (281) 276-5400
Email:

[email protected]
URL: http://www.bakerhughesdirect.com

LINSCAN LIN SCAN
205/206
Al Zahra Shopping Complex
U.A.E.

Tel: +9716-7473600
Fax: : +9716-7473800
Email:

[email protected] ,
URL: http://www.linscan.biz
MagneScan
TranScan
GE Energy URL:
http://www.gepower.com/contact/index.ht
m
MAGPIE TDW Services, Inc
4220 World Houston Pkwy,
Ste. 100
Houston, Texas 77032
Tel: (832) 448-7221
Email:

[email protected]
URL: http://www.magpiesystems.com
MFL Inspection Tool NGKS
7, Guilyarovsky St.

Moscow, Russia 129090
Tel: + 7 495 937 86 36/26
Fax: + 7 495 937 86 35/31
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.ngksint.com
Page A-8
Case 3:05-cv-03829-MMC Document 57 Filed 06/04/18 Page 123 of 126 506
Pipesurvey MFL Pipesurvey International
Schrijnwerkersstraat 13
3334 KH Zwijndrecht
P.O. BOX 117
3330 AC Zwijndrecht
the Netherlands
Tel + 31 78 610 1428
Fax + 31 78 610 2128
Email:
[email protected]
URL:
http://www.pipesurveyinternational.com
VECTRA BJ Services Company
414 Pinckney
Houston, TX 77009
Tel: (713) 224-1105
Fax: (713) 229-0541
URL:
http://www.bjservices.com/
Laser Products
Product Address Phone/Fax/Email/URL
Active 3D Laser
Scanning
Redzone Robotics
91 43 rd St., Ste.250
Pittsburgh, PA 15201
Fax: (412) 476-8981
Email: through website
URL:
http://www.redzone.com
Coolvision Sima Environmental
1153 E Ogden, # 705-135
Naperville, IL 60563
Phone: (630) 327-8503
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.simaenvironmental.com
Laser Profiler CUES IMX Corporate Office
3600 Rio Vista Ave.

Orlando, FL 32805
Tel: (800) 327-7791
Fax: (407) 425-1569
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.cuesinc.com
Laser Profiling Tool Envirosight
111 Canfield Ave.

Randolph, NJ 07869
Tel: (866) 936-8476
Fax: (973) 252-1176
Email: through website
URL:
http://www.envirosight.com
Laser Profiler R&R Visual, Inc.
1828 West Olson Rd.

Rochester, In 46975
Tel: (800) 776-5653
Fax: (574)-223-7953
Email:
[email protected]
URL: http://www.expipeinspection.com
Page A-9
Case 3:05-cv-03829-MMC Document 57 Filed 06/04/18 Page 124 of 126 507

ATTACHMENT F
Case 3:05-cv-03829-MMC Document 57 Filed 06/04/18 Page 125 of 126 508
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23RD ST

CUTTING
BL
VD

SAN PABLO AVE
CAST
RO ST
CARL

SON BLVD
R
E

GATTABLVD
GAR

RARD BL
VD
M
AC
DO
NALD A
VE
S37THST
22ND ST
POT
RERO
AVE

MARKET AVE

MEADE S
T

RICHMOND PKWY

ARLINGTON BLVD

BARRETT
AVE
W
CU
TTI

NG BLVD
S 23RD ST

RUMRILL BLVD
13TH ST

MARIN A BAY PKWY

CANAL BLVD
CHURCH
LN
SAN

PABLODAMRD

HARBOUR WAY
M

CBRYDEAVE

HOFFMAN

BLVDKEARNEYST

MARINAWAYS
S 51ST ST

JULIGA WO
ODS ST
TE
W
KS
BURY
AVE

PARK PL
W
M
ACD
ONAL
D AVE

EASTSHORE BLVD
23RD ST

RICHMONDPKWY

GARRARDBLVD

CASTRO S
T
BAR
RE
TT AVE
§¨¦
80 §¨¦580
§¨¦
580
§¨¦
80 Castro
Canal
Wright
Coalinga
33rd Street
23rd Street
1st Street
North Harbor
Marine
South Harbor
West Cutting
47th Street
Harbor MinorRichmond
San Pablo
El Cerrito
Unincorporated County
1 inch = 2,000 feet
0 2,000 4,000
Feet
I
MAR 2018
City Limit
Grade 5 Pipes Addressed with Projects
2012-2017 SSOs
Count
!( 1
!( 2 - 4
!( 5 - 7
!( 8 - 11
!( 12 - 13
Capacity Projects
13th & Dunn
First Street
Macdonald
Virginia
Hoffman
Cutting Carlson
Basins
1st
23rd
33rd
47th
Canal
Castro
Coalinga
Harbor Minor
Marine
North Harbor
South Harbor
West Cutting
Wright

WATER RESOURCE

RECOVERY

DEPARTMENT
Case 3:05-cv-03829-MMC Document 57 Filed 06/04/18 Page 126 of 126 509
510
511
512
Date:

VWNA Project #:

Administration
Engineering Proposed by:

Planning Morgan Mackay, Veolia Water West Operating Services Design X
Construction X Reviewed by:

Construction Rodrigo Vignau, Veolia Water West Operating Services Sanitary Sewer X
Storm Sewer Reviewed by:

Sanitary P.S. Mary Phelps, Water Resource Division Manager Storm P.S.

Wastewater Reviewed by:

City of Richmond, Finance Department - Funding Source
Other (specify below)
Approved by:

Daniel Chavarria
City of Richmond, Director of Public Works
Approval Date:

Original Line Item Approved Cost: 1,755,800.00$
Approved Markup/Margin 289,707.00$
Previously Authorized Amount: $0.00 Total Authorized Amt.: 2,045,507.00$ Scope of Services
2023-24 Grade 5 RAA Line Repl. - Phase I Veolia Markup
Bids/Estim. SUBTOTAL 16.50% TOTAL
APB General Engineering 1,690,800 1,690,800 278,982 1,969,782 40,000 40,000 6,600 46,600
Questa Engineering- testing 25,000 25,000 4,125 29,125 TOTAL 1,755,800 1,755,800 289,707 2,045,507 Attachments
Copy of APB General Engineering's bid
Scope of Work Attachment A copy
Testing proposal - Questa Engineering
TASK

AUTHORIZATION
May 29, 2024
Activity Classification
(Check applicable)
2024-25 Grade 5 RAA Line Replacement Project - Phase I
TBD
The 2023-24 Grade 5 RAA Replacement Project - Phase I replaces (24) pipelines with an approximate combined length of 7,191 lineal feet. This task authorization is submitted based on direction provided by the City of Richmond to perform the following full line replacements:

The pipe segments to be rehabilitated for this project are identified in Scope of Work Attachment A (see attached). The work will include replacement of deteriorated sewer pipe segments within the collection system using pipe bursting or open cut as discussed further below, including installing new manholes where indicated on Attachment A. For pipe replacement work, pipe bursting is the preferred method followed by open cut. The Contractor shall conduct a pre-CCTV to locate and reinstate laterals. A complete NASSCO graded post-construction CCTV survey of the entire line segment (manhole to manhole) shall be completed upon completion of the work (no later than one month after the repair or replacement) and provided to Veolia.

This project was competitively bid to be performed on a "design-build" basis, and the Contractor is responsible for engaging the services of an engineering firm to issue design drawings for lines with utility conflicts and other constructability issues and also issue the final as-built drawings. Hence, per the City's direction, no engineered drawings were provided for this pipe replacement project. T&M not to exceed fees are included for compaction testing services as well as engineering support services in this proposal. All services provided for design support by V. W. Housen & Associates and for compaction testing services by Questa Engineering shall be tracked by Veolia and billed to the City with associated markups. All unused funds and associated Veolia markup shall return to the City.

On March 20, 2024, the City posted the Request for Bids on Bids Online, and Veolia conducted a mandatory pre-bid meeting with ten (10) participants on April 3, 2024. On April 16, 2024, five (5) bids were received from qualified contractors; the apparent low bid received was from APB General Engineeri ng in the amount of $1,690,800.00. Veolia evaluated all of the bids and found them to be responsive and complete and recommend awarding the contract to APB General Engineering, who is the low bidder. Their bid is attached.

The total authorization amount of this TA is $2,045,507.00, which includes Veolia's 16.5% markup as well as NTE estimated design and testing amounts for V.W. Housen & Associates and Questa Engineering, respectively.

V.W. Housen & Associates - design
support (estim.)
513

BIDRETURNABLES

INVITATIONTOBID
2023-24GRADE5RAALINEREPLACEMENTPROJECTS

LOCATEDINRICHMOND,CA
ContractormustsubmitusingtheBidsOnlineportaltheirquotationsofthefollowingby11:00amonthe proposalduedate:April16,2024.

Addressedto:

CityClerk’sOffice
450CivicCenter
Richmond,CA94804
VeoliaWaterWestOperatingServices,Inc.
2023-24Grade5RAALineReplacementProject
BiddingCompanyName:________________________
Date:________________________________________

1. ProposalForm

2. BidForm

3. ListofSubcontractors

4. Non-CollusionAffidavit

5. SupplementalBidForm

6. ContractorSafetyPlan–TableofContents

7. Propose alternateswithsupportingdocumentation.Pleasenote:Anyandallchangesinmaterialand equipment must be equivalent to what is specified and shall be approved by Veolia in writing 10 dayspriortothebidduedate.

8. SampleInsuranceCertificate

9. RichmondWorkforceStabilizationAgreement–AgreementtobeBound

10. BidBond
Exclusionofanyrequiredinformationmaybecauseforbidrejection.

VeoliaNA&CityofRichmond2023-24Grade5RAALineReplacementProject–InvitationtoBid Page18 APB General Engineering
04/16/2024
514

PROPOSALFORM

INVITATIONTOBID
2023-24GRADE5RAALINEREPLACEMENTPROJECT

LOCATEDINRICHMOND,CA
To: CityofRichmondCityClerk’sOffice
450CivicCenter
Richmond,CA94804
VeoliaWaterWestOperatingServices,Inc.
2023-24Grade5RAALineReplacementProject
SubmittedBy:
_______________________________
(LegalName)
_______________________________________________
(StreetAddress)
_______________________________________________
(City,State,andZipCode)
_______________________________________________
(Phone)
_______________________________________________
(DateofQuotation)

1. This Proposal Form along with the Supplemental BidFormshallbecompletedandsubmittedasrequired intheReturnablesectionofthisInvitationtoBid.

2. This proposal is submitted in accordance with this Invitation to Bid for the construction of the 2023-24 Grade5RAALineReplacementProjectinRichmond,CA.

3. Shipping Cost and Sales Tax – The equipment, chemicals, consumables and other supplies and services provided and used in the performance of the contract shall include all shipping costs and sales taxes imposedbyanygovernmentalbody.

4. Certified payroll and prevailingwagesarerequiredasapartofthisprojectandshallbesubmittedwithall progresspaymentsthataredueeachmonth.

5. In conformance with the current statutory requirements of California Labor Code Section 1860, et seq., theundersignedconfirmsthefollowingasitscertification:

VeoliaNA&CityofRichmond2023-24Grade5RAALineReplacementProject–InvitationtoBid Page9 Alfred Lee (APB General Engineering)
04/16/2024
925.989.1453
2721 Kevin Rd.

San Pablo, CA 94806
515
516
517

SCOPEOFWORK
VeoliaWaterWestOperatingServices,Inc.operatesandmaintainstheCityofRichmond’sWastewater TreatmentFacility(WWTF)andtheassociatedsewercollectionsystem.Theworkwillincludepipe segment replacement of deterioratedsewer pipesegments withinthecollectionsystemusingpipe bursting, open cut, or pipe reamingas discussedfurther below. Theworkshall includemanhole installationand/orreplacementand/orfullinteriorsurface(e.g.chimney,cone,wall,bench,andchannel) rehabilitationwhentheadjacentpipelineisreplaced,andmanholeframesandcoversasnecessary. For pipereplacement work, pipeburstingisthepreferredmethod,followedbyopencutandthenpipe reaming.

ThepipesegmentstobereplacedforthisprojectareidentifiedinScopeofWorkAttachmentA. Theline segmentsidentifiedmaybemodifiedfromtime-to-timeduringtheproject. TheselectedContractorshall conductapre-CCTVofeachlinesegmenttothegreatestextentpossibletomarkandlocatethedefects priortocommencementoftheWork.AcompleteNASSCOgradedpost-constructionCCTVsurveyofthe entirelinesegment(manholetomanhole)shallbecompleteduponcompletionofthework(nolaterthan oneweekaftertherepairorreplacement)andprovidedtoVeolia. Iffollowingtherepair,thelineremains inaccessible,thecontractorshallprovideasupplementalrepaircostproposalwiththeCCTVvideofor consideration.

Theprojectscopeincludes,butisnotlimitedtothefollowing:

1. ContractingwithalocalCivilProfessionalEngineertoprovidereviewandapprovalofeachline segment installation, and preliminaryengineeringanddesignforthelineswhichhaveutility conflicts, or other constructabilityissues. TheEngineer ofRecordshallsubmitaninitialplan showingthelinesthatwillreceivepreliminaryengineeringforreviewandconcurrence,followedby 30percent designdrawings clearlyshowingall conflictingutilities,structures,andotherfield constraintsandthecontractor’sapproachtoaddressingtheseconstraintsasneededtocompletethe work.Thecontractorshallberesponsibleforaddressingallfieldconditions,whetherincludedor notincludedinthe30percentdesignpackage,andwhethershownornotshownonthesubmitted design.Theinitialplanandthe30percentdesignsshallbeapprovedinconceptbytheOwner.

Separatedesignsmaybeprovidedforindividuallinesegmentsinordertoexpeditethework.

2. Submitfinalas-builtdrawingsandanyintermediatedesignandmodificationsforallpipelines, includingthosethatdidnotreceive30percentdesign,totheOwnerforapproval.

3. Contractorshallprovideaconstructionprojectschedule,includingweeklyscheduleswithcrew informationandlocationsasreasonablyrequiredbyVeolia.

4. Contractorshallprovidebi-weeklyupdatesforprogressofpipereplacement/repairwork

5. Sheeting,shoringandbracing.

6. Trenchingwidthshallbe(PipeOD+24”MIN)or(PipeOD+36”MAX).

7. PotholingexistingutilitiesbasedonmandatoryUSAmarkings.

8. AllUSAmarkingsshallberemovedfromthepavementafterworkiscomplete.

9. Trafficcontrol,asnecessaryperCityofRichmondrequirements.

10.Pipereplacementbypipebursting,unlessinadvisableorinfeasiblewithauthorizationbyVeoliaand theCityofRichmond.

11.OpenCuttechniquespermittedonlyifpipeburstingisnotfeasibleandwithauthorizationbyVeolia andtheCityofRichmond.

12.Reconnectionand/orextensionofexistingservicelateralstonewsewermain,asnecessary.

13.Extendingsewerlateralsfromtheclosestpointofabandonedsewermainstonewsewer mains. Opencutorhand-diggingmayberequired.

14.Removalofexistingmanholesorcleanoutsandconstructionofnewmanholes,complete,asneeded.

VeoliaNA&CityofRichmond2023-24Grade5RAALineReplacementProject–InvitationtoBid Page12 518

15. Rehabilitation of Manholes whenever the adjacent pipeline is replaced, per attached specifications.

Vacuumtestingofrehabilitatedbrickmanholesisnotrequired.

16. PostConstructioncleaningofsewerpipelinesegmentsthatwerereplaced.

17. PostreplacementNASSCOgradedCCTVoftheentirelinesegment.

18. Post construction NASSCO graded CCTV information shall be submitted no later than one week followingthelinesegmentreplacement.

19. Restoration and repair of existing pavement systems shall be T-cut, and the Contractor shall be responsible for restoring surface improvements affected by the Work and incidentalsforcompleteandusablesewersystem.

20.If the Contractor encounters defectiveprivatesewerlateralconnectingtothemainline,the Contractorshallreplaceupto6feetoftheprivatesewerlateralfromthemainline.

21.Replacestripingwiththermoplastic,trafficloops,andfirehydrantmarkers.

22. Handling and disposalofcontaminatedmaterialifauthorizedbytheProjectManagerandtheCityof Richmond.

23. Dewateringandobtainappropriatepermits,asnecessary.

24.ConstructionshallbeMondaythruFridayfrom7amto4pm.Contractor’srequestforweekend,off- hoursandholidayworkmaybeconsideredonacase-by-casebasisbyVeoliaProjectManager.

ExceptasSpecificallyNotedOtherwise,ProvideandPayFor:

1. Insuranceandbonds.

2. Labor,materials,andequipment.

3. Tools,equipment,andmachineryrequiredforconstruction.

4. Utilitiesrequiredforconstruction.

5. Temporary facilitiesincluding:trafficcontrol:dewatering;sheeting,shoring,andbracing; bypasspumping;workersanitaryfacilities,trenchplates,anddustcontrolmeasures.

6. OtherfacilitiesandservicesnecessaryforproperexecutionandcompletionoftheWork.

7. Engaging local Professional Engineer to review and approveeachlinesegmentinstallation,provide preliminary design services, oversight and support to the Contractor for engineering and design of the lines which have utilityconflicts,orotherconstructabilityissues.Thisengineershallpreparethe initial plan, 30% drawings, final as-built drawings and all other intermediate design and modificationstotheOwnerforapproval.

BaseBidLumpSum(fromScopeofWorkAttachmentA)for$ (innumbers) (inwords)
VeoliaNA&CityofRichmond2023-24Grade5RAALineReplacementProject–InvitationtoBid Page13 1,690,800
One Million Six Hundred Ninty Thousand Eight HUndred Dollars 519

SUPPLEMENTAL BID FORM
(to be utilized if there is work added to or deleted from this project) Item Description Unit(Per) Qty UnitBid
Price
TotalBid
Price
1 Sheeting,Shoring,andBracing LS 1 $
2 OPENCUT:6”-8”PipereplacementwithPVC,upto
6’ofmainlineandupto6’depth
FT 800 $
3 OPENCUT:6”-8”PipereplacementwithPVC,and
greaterthan6’depth
FT 800 $
4 OPENCUT:10”-12”PipereplacementwithPVC,up
to6’depth
FT 800 $
5 OPENCUT:10”-12”PipereplacementwithPVC,
greaterthan6’depth
FT 800 $
6 Tie-inLateraltoMain(fusing-6x6x4Wye) EA 60 $
7 Lateralreplacementexceeding4’(including6x6x4
Wye)
FT 60 $
8 PipeBurstingfor6”-8”PipeDiameterandupto6’
depth
LF 800 $
9 PipeBurstingfor6”-8”PipeDiameterandgreater
than6’depth
LF 800 $
10 PipeBurstingfor10”-12”PipeDiameterandupto6’
depth
LF 800 $
11 PipeBurstingfor10”-12”PipeDiameterandgreater
than6’depth
LF 800 $
12 ReplacementofCleanoutwithnewManhole EA 21 $
13 CompleteInteriorSurfaceManholeRehabilitation
exceeding6’perfoot
Vertical
Foot
50 $
14 Repair &ReplaceManholeFrameandCover EA 10 $
15 PostConstructionCleaningandCCTVofentireline
fromManhole-to-Manholelinesegmentreplacedor
repaired
LF 850 $
16 Pavementrestorationwith6”minimumT-Cuton
eachsideofthetrenchand/orexcavatedwall
SF 12000 $
17 HandlingandDisposalofContaminated
Material-AsdirectedbytheConstruction
ManagerafterCityofRichmondapproval
Cubic
Yard
10 $
18 Mobilization/DemobilizationAllowance LS 1 $
19 ProvideandinstallnewManholeupto8ftdeep EA 1 $
20 ProvideandinstallnewManhole8ftto14ftdeep EA 1 $
A. Bidder’sLumpSumCostBreakdown

1. For work to be performed for a lump sum price, the Bidder shall submit a price VeoliaNA&CityofRichmond2023-24Grade5RAALineReplacementProject–InvitationtoBid Page14 3,000
$3,000
350
15,000
$15,000
9,600
$9,600
$3,000
3,000
1,000
$10,000
5 15
$180,000
$4,250
1,800
$18,000
475
$23,750
7,500
$157,500
270
$216,000
250
225
200
200
2,500
$200,000
$150,000
$12,000
$160,000
$180,000
420
370
$280,000
$296,000
$336,000
325
$260,000
520
breakdowntotheConstructionAdministratorpriortothefirstpaymentandwithinten (10)calendardaysafterNoticetoProceed.Thepricebreakdown,asrevisedandagreed uponbytheBidderandtheConstructionAdministrator,shallbeusedforpreparing futureestimatesforprogresspaymentstotheBidder,orasthebasisforevaluatingand pricing change orders, andshall list themajor items of workwithapricefairly apportionedtoeachitem.

2. The price breakdown shall be, generally, in the same format as the Contract specifications’divisionsandsubdivisions,withmajoritemsofworklistedindividually.

Thepricebreakdownshallbebysewerpipelineitemsandshallincludeseparateitemsfor identifiableportionsofthesewerpipelinesystem(includingspecificpricesfordifferent size items within the system), and other logical divisions of work. Measurable approximatequantitiesofworkperformedbytheBidderoritssubcontractorsshallbe provided.Forquantitiesthatarethesumtotalofseveralindividualquantities,backup summariesshallbeprovidedwhichlisttheindividualdescriptionsandquantities(for instance; excavation, dewatering, pipe installation, backfill, paving, etc.). These summariesthenwillbeused1)todeterminethequantitiesofworkinplaceinsubsequent progresspaymentrequestsand2)asthebasisforevaluatingandpricingchangeorders.

3. The aboveis astatement of theintent of theContract Documents toprovidea moderate level of detail, acceptabletotheProject Manager, toallowafair and reasonableestimatetobemadeofthevalueofworkinstalled.Thedetailoftheprice breakdownmustbesufficienttoprovidetimelyprocessingofthemonthlyprogress paymentrequest.

4. ThepricebreakdownwillbesubjecttotheapprovaloftheProjectManager,andupon therequest, theBiddershallsubstantiatethepriceforanyorallitemsandprovide additionallevelofdetail,includingquantitiesofworkandsupplier’sandsubcontractor’s writtencostquotes.Thepricebreakdownshallbesufficientlydetailedtopermititsuse bytheProjectManageras1)oneofthebasesforevaluatingrequestsforpaymentsand 2)asthebasisforevaluatingandpricingchangeorders.TheProjectManagershallbethe solejudgeoftheadequacyofthepricebreakdown.

5. TheestimatedBidQuantitiesshown,withtheexceptionofLumpSumquantitieswhich willbepaidasbid,areprovidedforthesolepurposeofevaluatingbids.Thenatureofthe workissuchthatpipesize,depth,length,repairscope,andotherquantitiesshownare approximate, andpayment will bemadebasedontheunitpricebidfortheactual conditionsthatarefoundinthefield.VeoliaWaterdoesnotprovideanyassurancethat thequantitiesshownforeachbiditemwillbethequantitiesthatareactuallyencountered inthefield.

VeoliaNA&CityofRichmond2023-24Grade5RAALineReplacementProject–InvitationtoBid Page15 521
522
523
524
525

SHOULD ANY OF THE ABOVE DESCRIBED POLICIES BE CANCELLED BEFORE

THE EXPIRATION DATE THEREOF, NOTICE WILL BE DELIVERED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE POLICY PROVISIONS.

INSURER(S) AFFORDING COVERAGE
INSURER F :

INSURER E :

INSURER D :

INSURER C :

INSURER B :

INSURER A :

NAIC #
NAME:

CONTACT
(A/C, No):

FAX
E-MAIL
ADDRESS:

PRODUCER
(A/C, No, Ext):

PHONE

INSURED
REVISION NUMBER:CERTIFICATE NUMBER:COVERAGES
IMPORTANT: If the certificate holder is an ADDITIONAL INSURED, the policy(ies) must be endorsed. If SUBROGATION IS WAIVED, subject to the terms and conditions of the policy, certain policies may require an endorsement. A statement on this certificate does not confer rights to the certificate holder in lieu of such endorsement(s).

THIS CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED AS A MATTER OF INFORMATION ONLY AND CONFERS NO RIGHTS UPON THE CERTIFICATE HOLDER. THIS

CERTIFICATE DOES NOT AFFIRMATIVELY OR NEGATIVELY AMEND, EXTEND OR ALTER THE COVERAGE AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES BELOW. THIS CERTIFICATE OF INSURANCE DOES NOT CONSTITUTE A CONTRACT BETWEEN THE ISSUING INSURER(S), AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OR PRODUCER, AND THE CERTIFICATE HOLDER.

OTHER:
(Per accident)
(Ea accident)
$
$
N / A
SUBR
WVD
ADDL
INSD

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE POLICIES OF INSURANCE LISTED BELOW HAVE BEEN ISSUED TO THE INSURED NAMED ABOVE FOR THE POLICY PERIOD INDICATED. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY REQUIREMENT, TERM OR CONDITION OF ANY CONTRACT OR OTHER DOCUMENT WITH RESPECT TO WHICH THIS

CERTIFICATE MAY BE ISSUED OR MAY PERTAIN, THE INSURANCE AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES DESCRIBED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO ALL THE TERMS, EXCLUSIONS AND CONDITIONS OF SUCH POLICIES. LIMITS SHOWN MAY HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY PAID CLAIMS. $
$
$
$PROPERTY DAMAGE
BODILY INJURY (Per accident)
BODILY INJURY (Per person)

COMBINED SINGLE LIMIT
AUTOS

AUTOSAUTOS

NON-OWNED

HIRED AUTOS

SCHEDULEDALL OWNED

ANY AUTO

AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY
Y / N

WORKERS COMPENSATION

AND EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY
OFFICER/MEMBER EXCLUDED?
(Mandatory in NH)
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS below
If yes, describe under

ANY PROPRIETOR/PARTNER/EXECUTIVE
$
$
$
E.L. DISEASE - POLICY LIMIT
E.L. DISEASE - EA EMPLOYEE
E.L. EACH ACCIDENT
ER
OTH-

STATUTE
PER

LIMITS(MM/DD/YYYY)

POLICY EXP
(MM/DD/YYYY)

POLICY EFF

POLICY NUMBERTYPE OF INSURANCELTR
INSR
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS / LOCATIONS / VEHICLES (ACORD 101, Additional Remarks Schedule, may be attached if more space is required)

EXCESS LIAB
UMBRELLA LIAB $EACH OCCURRENCE
$AGGREGATE
$
OCCUR

CLAIMS-MADE
DED RETENTION $
$PRODUCTS - COMP/OP AGG
$GENERAL AGGREGATE
$PERSONAL & ADV INJURY
$MED EXP (Any one person)
$EACH OCCURRENCE

DAMAGE TO RENTED
$PREMISES (Ea occurrence)

COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY

CLAIMS-MADE OCCUR
GEN'L AGGREGATE LIMIT APPLIES PER:

POLICY PRO-

JECT LOC

CERTIFICATE OF LIABILITY INSURANCE

DATE (MM/DD/YYYY)

CANCELLATION

AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE
ACORD 25 (2014/01)
© 1988-2014 ACORD CORPORATION. All rights reserved.

CERTIFICATE HOLDER
The ACORD name and logo are registered marks of ACORD
4/16/2024
Calrisk Insurance Center
713 W Duarte Rd, G747
Arcadia
CA
91007
Certificate Department
877-239-8103
626-226-5550
[email protected]
APB General Engineering
2721 Kevin Road
San Pablo
CA
94806
Evanstan Insurance Company
35378
United Financial Cas Co
11770
State Compensation Insurance Fund
35076
A
✖
✖
✖
Y
Y
MKLV5PBC006365
1/8/2024
1/8/2025
1,000,000
300,000
5,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
2,000,000
B
✖
✖
✖
Y
Y
07580845-5
5/2/2023
5/2/2024
2,000,000
A
✖
✖
✖
2,500
Y
Y
MKLV5EUL105503
1/8/2024
1/8/2025
5,000,000
5,000,000
C
N
Y
9232354-23
5/30/2023
5/30/2024
✖
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
Project:

City of Richmond 2023-24 Grade 5 RAA Line Replacement Project.

See Attached Acord 101 for Description and Additioanal Insured.

Veolia North America
601 Canal Blvd.

Richmond
CA
94804
Each Poll. Incident/Agg $1,000,000/1,000,000
10/10/2024
10/10/2023
CPLMOL119760
Y
Y
Pollution Liability
A526
EFFECTIVE DATE:

NAMED INSURED

POLICY NUMBER

NAIC CODECARRIER
AGENCY
LOC #:

AGENCY CUSTOMER ID:
of
PageADDITIONAL REMARKS SCHEDULE

ADDITIONAL REMARKS
FORM TITLE:FORM NUMBER:

THIS ADDITIONAL REMARKS FORM IS A SCHEDULE TO ACORD FORM, © 2008 ACORD CORPORATION. All rights reserved.

The ACORD name and logo are registered marks of ACORD
ACORD 101 (2008/01)
2 3
Calrisk Insurance Center
07580845-5
United Financial Cas Co
11770
APB General Engineering
2721 Kevin Road
San Pablo, CA, 94806
5/2/2023
25 CERTIFICATE OF LIABILITY INSURANCE
Veolia, its parent companies, subsidiaries, affiliates, and each of their officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives and City of Richmond, (collectively “Veolia’s Additional Insured”) are named as additional insureds with respect to the General -, Automobile -, Polution - and Excess Liability Policies.

All policies are primary and non-contributory, provide a full waiver of the insurer’s right of subrogation in favor of the named additional insureds. A thirty (30) days' written notice to Veolia applies.
527
528
529
530
531
532

CITY OF RICHMOND
Sanctuary City Compliance Statement

The undersigned, an authorized agent of (hereafter
"Contractor"), has had an opportunity to review the requirements of City of Richmond Ordinance 12-18 (hereafter "Sanctuary City Contracting Ordinance" or “SCCO”). Contra ctor understands and agrees that the City may choose with whom it will maintain business relations and may refrain from contracting with any person or entity that provides Data Broker or Extreme Vetting services to the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Division of the United States Department of Homeland Security (“ICE”). Contractor understands the meaning of the following terms use d in the SCCO:

a. "Data Broker” means either of the following:

i. The co llection of information, including personal information about consumers, from a wide variety of sources for the purposes of reselling such information to their customers, which include both private-sector business and government agencies;

ii. The aggregati on of data that was collected for another purpose from that for which it is ultimately used.

b. “Extre me Vetting” means data mining, threat modeling, predictive risk analysis, or other similar services."

Contractor understands that it is not eligible to receive or retain a City contract if at the time the Contract is executed, or at any time during the term of the Contract, it provides Data Broker or Extreme Vetting services to ICE.

Contractor further understands and agrees that Contractor's failure to comply with the SCCO shall constitute a material default of the Contract and the City Manager may terminate the Contract and bar Contractor from bidding on future contracts with the City for five (5) years from the effective date of the contract termination.

By executing this Statement, Contractor certifies that it complies with the requirements of the SCCO and that if at any time during the term of the Contract it ceases to comply, Contractor will promptly notify the City Manager in writing. Any person or entity who knowingly or willingly supplies false information in violation of the SCCO shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to a $1,000 fine.

Based on the foregoing, the undersigned declares under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing is true and correct. Executed this day of , 20 , at , California.

Printed Name: Title:

Signed: Date:

Business Entity:

Vendor SCCO Compliance Statement (Augt2020)
APB General Engineering
16th
April
San Pablo
24 Alfred Lee
President
04/16/2024
APB General Engineering
533
ATTACHMENT A: 2023-24 RAA LINE SEGMENT REPLACEMENT LIST Sr. Line Segment Location (Approximately) Length from GIS (ft)
Scope Of Work Special
Conditions
(eg. Line
under
sidewalk,
bus lanes,
RR tracks,
utilities,
etc.)
Diameter
(in)
Lumpsum Bid Amount
($)1 F10SF405_F10MH1549 1319 MARINA WAY S 100.10 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install new Manhole at SF cleanout 6 2 G10SF399_G10MH1595 1620 CUTTING BLVD 133.80 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install new Manhole at SF cleanout 6 3 G11SF941_G11MH1223 2315 CUTTING BLVD 107.30 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install new Manhole at SF cleanout 6 4 G13SF29_G13MH452 NUNN ST 624.10 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install new Manhole at SF cleanout and one intermediate Manhole 6 5 H12MH263_H12MH268 3400 NEVIN AVE 422.70 Replace with 8" Pipe. 8 6 I10SF479_I10MH2298 269 16TH ST 225.10 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install new Manhole at SF cleanout 6 7 G9MH1325_G9MH1310 108 CUTTING BLVD 292.15 Replace with 8" Pipe. 8 8 H10SF813_G10MH1837 11TH S ST 358.39 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install new Manhole at SF cleanout 6 9 J12MH569_J12MH2816 981 36TH ST 554.60 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install one intermediate Manhole 6 10 K11SF925_K11MH2471 1100 23RD ST 164.30 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install new Manhole at SF cleanout 4 11 H9SF295_H9MH1712 750 BISSELL AVE 243.5 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install new Manhole at SF cleanout 6 12 I12MH1065_I12MH1064 3527 BARRETT AVE 264.8 Replace with 8" Pipe. 6 13 I12SF646_I12MH1066 BARRETT AVE/37TH ST 481.4 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install new Manhole at SF cleanout and one intermediate Manhole 6 14 H11MH1168_H11MH1169 2823 CHANSLOR AVE 61.3 Replace with 8" Pipe. 6 15 J13SF160_J13SF161 671 SONOMA AVE 76.2 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install new Manhole at SF cleanout 6 16 F8SF202_F7MH2732 407 NEVADA AVE 316.4 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install new Manhole at SF cleanout 6 17 H13SF132_H13MH628 316 45TH ST 266.5 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install new Manhole at SF cleanout 6 18 G7MH743_F7MH745 Terrace Ave 476.4 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install one intermediate Manhole 6 19 I13MH295_J13MH723 680 Amador St 241.1 Replace with 8" Pipe. 6 20 H13MH116_H13MH119 457 Carlston St 171.9 Replace with 8" Pipe. 6 21 I12MH605_I12MH602 637 41st ST 500.4 Replace with 8" Pipe. 6 22 I12SF645_I12MH1060 3226 ROOSEVELT AVE 479.0 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install new Manhole at SF cleanout and one intermediate Manhole 6 23 G7MH2736_G7MH668 SCENIC AVE 220.3 Replace with 8" Pipe. 6 24 G7SF234_G7MH2736 SCENIC AVE 2 409.7 Replace with 8" Pipe. Install new Manhole at SF cleanout and one intermediate Manhole 6 Item #25: Mobilization & Demobilization $
Item #26: Field Verification & Design $
Item #27: Bonds & Insurance $
Item #28: Revocable Allowance for disposal of Contaminated Soil (Prior Approval by Owner) $50,000.00 Item #29: NASSCO Post Construction CCTV $
Item #30: Hardscape Restoration, Paving & Striping $
Item #31: Final As-Built Drawings & Closeout Documents $ Total Contractor Bid Amount (Amount) for items 1-31 above $ 534
535
536

818 Mendocino Avenue Berkeley, CA 94707 T: 510/206.0670 E: [email protected]

SCHEDULE OF FEES
(08/01/23)

LABOR0F


Principals $210.00 – 245.00

Senior Professional 190.00 – 210.00

Professional 185.00 – 195.00

Associate Professional 130.00 – 150.00

Technical Staff/Drafting/GIS 90.00 – 110.00

Field Staff 80.00 – 100.00

Administrative Staff 80.00 – 100.00

TRAVEL TIME

Travel time is charged at regular hourly rates.

DIRECT COSTS

All reimbursable, "out-of-pocket" expenses, not included in hourly labor rates, are billed as incurred at cost plus 1 0 percent. In -house charges, company equipment rental, and field supplies will be charged as used in accordance with the Schedule of Fees.

TERMS

Terms: Due and payable upon receipt. A 1.0% per month (12% per annum) late fee will be charged on all overdue balances. Current billings represent charges accrued through the last day of the indicated billing period. Unless marked as a “Final Invoice,” subsequent charges may be pending and will be billed in the following month.

FEE CHANGES

Questa's labor rates are adjusted annually in February.

See reverse.

 Legal. In the event our services are required in connection with legal proceedings, our fees will be 200% of the above -listed labor rates, with a two hour minimum for: testimony (court or deposition).

Preparation of opinions or report letters, meetings or telep hone consultations with attorneys, preparation for testimony, and travel to and from the place of testimony, including waiting, will be billed at standard hourly rates listed above. Time away from Questa's Point Richmond office will be billed on a "portal to portal" basis.
537

SCHEDULE OF FEES
(08/01/23)

IN-HOUSE CHARGES
Reproduction Black & White
Letter, Legal, Tabloid, Oversize $ .15/.25/.50/.60
Reproduction
Letter, Legal, Tabloid, Oversize .30/.40/1.00/1.15
Plots Black & White
18 x 27, 24 x 36 2.00/2.40
Plots Color
18 x 27, 24 x 36 3.75/4.80
Tolls (at cost)
Postage (at cost)
Vehicles ($22 per day, plus mileage)
Mileage Current IRS Mileage Rate

SUPPLIES & MATERIALS
Triggs Lost Points $ 15.00 per point
Disposable Bailers 6.50 per bailer
Monitoring Well Supplies 18.50 per well
On-Site Monitoring Supplies 10.00 per visit
Brass/SS Sample Tubes 6” 9.00 per tube
Percolation Testing Materials 12.00 per test
Concrete Cylinder Molds 5.00 per cylinder
Shelly Tubes 12” 15.00 per tube

Prices may vary depending upon inventory stocks and supplier costs.

EQUIPMENT RENTALS
Nuclear Density Gauge (Day, Week) $ 100.00/400.00
Triggs Dynamic Cone Penetrometer 300.00 per day
Triggs Stork Power Hammer 200.00 per day
IR Thermometer 20.00 per day
Hand Sampling Equipment 50.00 per day
Surveying Equipment 75.00 per day
Concrete Test Kit .......................................................................................................................50.00 per day

LABORATORY FEES
Moisture Content - Oven (ASTM D 2216) $ 20.00
Moisture And Density (ASTM D 2937) 25.00
Sand Cone Tests 100.00
Wash through #200 Sieve (ASTM D 1140) 60.00
Sieve Only with #200 wash 110.00
Hydrometer 150.00
Shrinkage Limit 150.00
Atterberg Limits (ASTM D 4318) 150.00
Particle Size (ASTM D 422) 150.00
Sieve and Hydrometer 175.00
Soil Classification (ASTM 2487) 250.00
Sand Equivalent (Cal Test 217) 150.00
Caltrans Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates (Cal Test 202) 250.00 Standard Proctor Compaction 4" Mold (ASTM D 698) 250.00 Standard Proctor Compaction 6" Mold (ASTM D 698) 300.00 Modified Compaction 4" Mold (ASTM D 1557) 275.00
Modified Compaction 6" Mold (ASTM D 1557) 325.00
Compaction Check Point (per point) 125.00
Concrete Cylinder Strength Testing (per set) 425.00

538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
G)veOLIA
TASK

AUTHORIZATION
I 2024-25 Grade 5 RAA Line Replacement Project - Phase I - Change Order 2 Activity Classification
(Check applicable)
Administration
Engineering
Pl anning
Design
Construction
Construction
Sanitary Sewer
Storm Sewer
Sanitary P.S.

Storm P.S.

Wastewater
other (specify below)
Previously Authorized Amount:

Scope of Services
X
X
X
Reviewed by:

Reviewed by:

Approved by:
$2,307,990.82
Date: December 30, 2024
VWNA Project #: TBD
tion)
Approval Date: ______________ _
Original Line Item Approved Cost:

Approved Markup/Margin
Previously authorized change orders
Change Order 2
Approved Markup/Margin
Total Authorized Amt.:
$
$
$
$
$
$
1,755,800.00
289,707.00
262,483.82
206,296.00
34,038.84
2,548,326
Line segment I13MH48 - I13SF893 was scheduled to be replaced as part of 2022-23 Grade 5 RAA project back in 2023, but could not be completed as the City was not able to complete the easement process. In the last several months, Veolia received numerous service calls in relation to this line segment, to which Veolia responded by cleaning from both sides of the line, but at some point could not go go more than 10 feet as the line appears to be collapsed. Veolia held a meeting with the City on December 12 to discuss options for a permanent fix and presented a proposal to replace the line on December 16. On December 30, the City gave Veolia direction to submit a TA for this work using APB as the general contractor under the current Grade 5 RAA project.

The total authorization amount of this Change Order 1 TA is $240,335, which includes Veolia's 16.5% markup for added scope. This brings the total project amount authorization to $2,548,326.
2024-25 Grade 5 RM Line Rep!. - Phase I - CO1
Bids/Estim.

APB General Engineering
PCO 1
PCO2
V.W.Housen
Questa
J Majors & Associates
PCO3
TOTAL
Attachments
Copy of APB General Engineering Proposal
1,690,800
208,608
(2,540)
40,000
25,000
19,240
206,296
2,187,404

SUBTOTAL
1,690,800
208,608
(2,540)
40,000
25,000
19,240
206,296
2,187,404
Veolia Markup

16.50% TOTAL
278,982 1,969,782
34,420 243,028
(419) (2,959)
6,600 46,600
4,125 29, 125
3,175 22,415
34,039 240 335
360,922 2,548,326
01-02-2025
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
Date:

VWNA Project #:

Administration
Engineering
Planning
Design X
Construction X Proposed by:

Construction Chandrasekar Venkatraman, Veolia Water West Operating Services Sanitary Sewer X
Storm Sewer Reviewed by:

Sanitary P.S. Mary Phelps, Authorized City Dept. Rep. (PO verification) Storm P.S.

Wastewater Reviewed by:

City of Richmond, Finance Department
Other (specify below)
Approved by:

Robert Armijo
City of Richmond, Deputy Public Works Director/City Engineer Approval Date:

Original Line Item Approved Cost: 1,755,800.00$
Approved Markup/Margin 289,707.00$
Previously authorized change orders 4,161,089.83$
Change Order 6 298,499.00$
Approved Markup/Margin 49,252.34$
Previously Authorized Amount: $6,206,596.83 Total Authorized Amt.: 6,554,348.17$ Scope of Services
2024-25 Grade 5 RAA Line Repl. - Phase I - CO6 Veolia Markup Veolia Markup Bids/Estim. SUBTOTAL 16.50% 9.00% TOTAL
APB General Engineering 1,690,800 1,690,800 278,982 1,969,782 208,608 208,608 34,420 243,028
Change Order 1b (2,540) (2,540) (419) (2,959) V.W.Housen 40,000 40,000 6,600 46,600
Questa 25,000 25,000 4,125 29,125
J Majors & Associates (CO 1c) 19,240 19,240 3,175 22,415 Change Order 2 206,296 206,296 34,039 240,335 Change Order 3 (@ 16.5%) see pg. 2 1,552,356 1,552,356 256,139 1,808,495 Change Order 3 (@ 9%) 25,780 25,780 2,320 28,100 Add'l ESDC, Testing and Outreach (CO3) 67,220 67,220 11,091 78,311 Change Order 4 @ 9% 673,858 673,858 60,647 734,505 Change Order 5 820,974 820,974 135,461 956,435 Add'l Costs - Testing, ESDC & Outreach 45,000 45,000 7,425 52,425 Change Order 6 290,699 290,699 47,965 338,664 Add'l Costs - Testing, ESDC & Outrea 7,800 7,800 1,287 9,087 TOTAL 5,671,091 5,671,091 820,290 62,967 6,554,348 Attachments
Change Order 1a
Copy of APB General Engineering's Proposals
TASK

AUTHORIZATION
2024-25 Grade 5 RAA Line Replacement Project - Phase I - Change Order 6 June 18, 2025
Activity Classification
(Check applicable)
RE.1660
In this TA, three (3) line segments are added per the City's request. It also includes the removal and replacement of an existing manhole.

Additionally, this TA includes two credits to the City: (1) replacing existing line segment using designer-approved 6" HDPE in lieu of 8"; and (2) replacing an existing structure with a rodding inlet in lieu of standard frame and cover. The above-mentioned costs, which have all been preapproved by the City via email, are summarized on page 2.

Further, due to the added lines, additional budget and authority for ESDC, testing and outreach have been requested.

The total additional authority requested is $347,751.34,which includes a 16.5% Veolia markup for the added scope, bringing the total project amount authorization to $6,554,348.
628

TASKAUTHORIZATION
(PAGE 2 OF 2)

2024-25 Grade 5 RAA Line Replacement Project - Phase I - Change Order 6 Date: 06/18/25 VWNA Project #: RE:1660
Scope of Services
(CONT. )
2024-25 GRADE 5 RAA LINE REPLACEMENT - CHANGE ORDER 6 REQUEST SUMMARY PCO #31 E14MH464_E14MH468 Bayview Avenue/S 59th St. $80,407.00 PCO #32 D14MH1984_E14MHJ198 Bayview Avenue/S 59th St. $139,720.00 PCO #33 6" HDPE in lieu of 8" HDPE (credit) -$8,500.00
PCO #34 Replace existing structure with a rodding inlet in lieu of standard frame and cover (credit) -$1,200.00 PCO #35 Remove/replace existing MH G7MH2736 and rerouting lateral $13,600.00 PCO #36 D14MH1984_D14SF561 Bayview Avenue/S 59th St. $66,672.00 Subtotal (added scope) $290,699.00
Veolia Markup at 16.5% $47,965.34
TOTAL $338,664.34

629
APB

GENERAL ENGINEERING
Lic. 1038184
Project: 2024-2025 RAA Line Segment Replacement Potential Change Order No.31 D
ate: May 13th, 2025
O
wner: City of Richmond/Veolia Phone: (925) 989-1453
C
ontractor: APB General Engineering Address: 2721 Kevin Rd.

San Pablo, CA 94806
Request the following change to be made to the contract:

Description of Change:
1) R
emove and replace line segment E14M464 to E14MH468, approximately 117’, with 8” H
DPE DR 17. Proposed cost includes all sheeting/shoring, one point repair, one new MH, all e
xcavations for all insertion pits, sewer lateral connections, utility potholing, traffic control, engineering/design and post CCTV. All work to follow City of Richmond Standard S
pecifications.

R
eason for Change:
1) Added pipe replacement footage as requested per City of Richmond/Veolia.

R
equested by: APB General Engineering
P
ricing Data: $80,407*
C
ontract Time: 3 Working Days
T
he Owner and the Contractor hereby agree that this change order constitutes full and mutual accord and satisfaction for all time, all costs, and all impacts related to this revision. In accepting this change order, the Contractor agrees that it represents a full and equitable adjustment to the Contract and further agrees to waive all rights to file claim with respect to any difficulties arising from, or as a result of this change.

APPROVED:
_______________________________
Engineer
_______________________________
Owner
630
APB

GENERAL ENGINEERING
Lic. 1038184

Project: 2024-2025 RAA Line Segment Replacement Potential Change Order No.32

Date: June 2nd, 2025

Owner: City of Richmond/Veolia Phone: (925) 989-1453

Contractor: APB General Engineering Address: 2721 Kevin Rd.

San Pablo, CA 94806

Request the following change to be made to the contract:

Description of Change:

1) Remove and replace line segment D14MH1984 to E14MH1981, approximately 295’, with 8” HDPE DR 17. Proposed cost includes all sheeting/shoring, two new MH, all excavations for all insertion pits, sewer lateral connections, utility potholing, traffic control, engineering/design and post CCTV. All work to follow City of Richmond Standard Specifications.

Reason for Change:
1) Added pipe replacement footage as requested per City of Richmond/Veolia.

Requested by: APB General Engineering

Pricing Data: $139,720*

Contract Time: 4 Working Days

The Owner and the Contractor hereby agree that this change order constitutes full and mutual accord and satisfaction for all time, all costs, and all impacts related to this revision. In accepting this change order, the Contractor agrees that it represents a full and equitable adjustment to the Contract and further agrees to waive all rights to file claim with respect to any difficulties arising from, or as a result of this change.

APPROVED:

_______________________________
Engineer
_______________________________
Owner

631
APB

GENERAL ENGINEERING
Lic. 1038184

Project: 2024-2025 RAA Line Segment Replacement Potential Change Order No.33

Date: June 2nd, 2025

Owner: City of Richmond/Veolia Phone: (925) 989-1453

Contractor: APB General Engineering Address: 2721 Kevin Rd.

San Pablo, CA 94806

Request the following change to be made to the contract:

Description of Change:

1) Replacing existing line segment with 6” HDPE in lieu of 8” HDPE.

Reason for Change:
1) RFI #018. The existing VCP line segment had a lot of root intrusions and collapsed pipe. The concern is that the roots have surrounded the old VCP pipe and would not have gotten out bursting equipment stuck.

Requested by: APB General Engineering

Pricing Data: -$8,500*

Contract Time: 0 Working Days

The Owner and the Contractor hereby agree that this change order constitutes full and mutual accord and satisfaction for all time, all costs, and all impacts related to this revision. In accepting this change order, the Contractor agrees that it represents a full and equitable adjustment to the Contract and further agrees to waive all rights to file claim with respect to any difficulties arising from, or as a result of this change.

APPROVED:

_______________________________
Engineer
_______________________________
Owner

632
APB

GENERAL ENGINEERING
Lic. 1038184

Project: 2024-2025 RAA Line Segment Replacement Potential Change Order No.34

Date: June 2nd, 2025

Owner: City of Richmond/Veolia Phone: (925) 989-1453

Contractor: APB General Engineering Address: 2721 Kevin Rd.

San Pablo, CA 94806

Request the following change to be made to the contract:

Description of Change:

1) Replacing existing structure with a rodding inlet in lieu of a standard frame and cover for structure J13SF193.

Reason for Change:
1) RFI #019. Access issue as resident of 5520 Garvin Ave. was reluctant to provide access.

Requested by: APB General Engineering

Pricing Data: -$1,200*

Contract Time: 0 Working Days

The Owner and the Contractor hereby agree that this change order constitutes full and mutual accord and satisfaction for all time, all costs, and all impacts related to this revision. In accepting this change order, the Contractor agrees that it represents a full and equitable adjustment to the Contract and further agrees to waive all rights to file claim with respect to any difficulties arising from, or as a result of this change.

APPROVED:

_______________________________
Engineer
_______________________________
Owner

633
APB

GENERAL ENGINEERING
Lic. 1038184
Project: 2024-2025 RAA Line Segment Replacement Potential Change Order No.35 D
ate: June 2nd, 2025
O
wner: City of Richmond/Veolia Phone: (925) 989-1453
C
ontractor: APB General Engineering Address: 2721 Kevin Rd.

San Pablo, CA 94806
Request the following change to be made to the contract:

Description of Change:
1) Rem
oving and replacing existing MH G7MH2736 and rerouting an existing sewer lateral and connecting it to the sewer main.

R
eason for Change:
1) The existing MH G7MH2736 was an old brick MH and needed to be replaced. Sewer lateral connected at the base of existing MH and since we were replacing said MH it was decided to reroute the lateral, so it connects to the sewer main. This avoids a future contractor, employed by the homeowner, to have to touch/modify a City owned/maintained structure.

Requested by: APB General Engineering
Pricing Data: $13, 600*
Contract Time: 1 Working Day
T
he Owner and the Contractor hereby agree that this change order constitutes full and mutual accord and satisfaction for all time, all costs, and all impacts related to this revision. In accepting this change order, the Contractor agrees that it represents a full and equitable adjustment to the Contract and further agrees to waive all rights to file claim with respect to any difficulties arising from, or as a result of this change.

APPROVED:
_______________________________
Engineer
_______________________________
Owner
634
APB

GENERAL ENGINEERING
Lic. 1038184

Project: 2024-2025 RAA Line Segment Replacement Potential Change Order No.36

Date: June 5th, 2025

Owner: City of Richmond/Veolia Phone: (925) 989-1453

Contractor: APB General Engineering Address: 2721 Kevin Rd.

San Pablo, CA 94806

Request the following change to be made to the contract:

Description of Change:

1) Remove and replace line segment D14MH1984 to D14SF561, approximately 151’, with 8” HDPE DR 17. Proposed cost includes all sheeting/shoring, one new MH, all excavations for all insertion pits, sewer lateral connections, utility potholing, traffic control, engineering/design and post CCTV. All work to follow City of Richmond Standard Specifications.

Reason for Change:
2) Added pipe replacement footage as requested per City of Richmond/Veolia

Requested by: APB General Engineering

Pricing Data: $66,672

Contract Time: 3 Working Days

The Owner and the Contractor hereby agree that this change order constitutes full and mutual accord and satisfaction for all time, all costs, and all impacts related to this revision. In accepting this change order, the Contractor agrees that it represents a full and equitable adjustment to the Contract and further agrees to waive all rights to file claim with respect to any difficulties arising from, or as a result of this change.

APPROVED:

_______________________________
Engineer
_______________________________
Owner

635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
Reso. No.

RESOLUTION NO. ____-26

A RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF RICHMOND, CALIFORNIA,

AUTHORIZING AN AMENDMENT TO THE CONTRACT WITH VEOLIA TO INCREASE

AUTHORITY FOR ADDITIONAL TASK AUTHORIZATIONS FOR SUBCONTRACTED SERVICES TO REPAIR AND REHABILITATE GRADE 5 SANITARY SEWER PIPELINES, IN

COMPLIANCE WITH THE BAYKEEPER SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT, FOR AN AMOUNT NOT TO EXCEED $6,554,348.

WHEREAS, the City of Richmond entered into a settlement agreement with San Francisco Baykeeper in 2018 related to sanitary sewer overflows attributable to the condition of the City’s sanitary sewer collection system; and
WHEREAS, under the settlement agreement with San Francisco Baykeeper, the City of Richmond is required to make improvements to its sanitary sewer collection system by repairing and rehabilitating at least two (2) miles of Grade 5 sewer pipelines annually; and WHEREAS, these Grade 5 pipes have been identified through closed-circuit television (CCTV) inspection; and
WHEREAS, these Grade 5 pipes have been assigned a “Risk Assessment” based on the probability of failure by a licensed engineer; and
WHEREAS, the City of Richmond and Veolia collectively compiled a list of these Grade 5 pipes; and
WHEREAS, on July 2, 2024, Richmond City Council adopted Resolution 87-24 for Veolia to subcontract with APB Engineering for the repair and/or rehabilitation of Grade 5 sanitary sewer lines in the Richmond Municipal Sewer District; and WHEREAS, due to issues encountered in the field, the total mileage for this project totaled less than the two (2) miles required in the Baykeeper Settlement Agreement; and WHEREAS, due to construction issues with procuring materials for construction of the line repair/rehabilitation, delays were incurred; and
WHEREAS, after reviewing the proposals for the new lines, the cost(s) provided by APB Engineering were reasonable based on the bids that were originally submitted; and WHEREAS, due to the time constraints to have two (2) miles of linear footage repaired or replaced by June 30th annually, staff agreed to increase the amount of the contract; and WHEREAS, the Water Resource Recovery Department have issued six (6) Task Authorizations to Veolia and Veolia Water West Operating Services, Inc. managed the subcontracts with: APB Engineering, Quest Engineering (testing) and V.W. Housen & Associates (engineering during construction).

NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Richmond that it does hereby resolve as follows:

Section 1. The City Council hereby finds and determines that the facts set forth in the staff report and recitals above are true and correct and constitute a valid basis for the actions authorized by this resolution.

Section 2. The City Council hereby authorizes the Water Resource Recovery Department to issue additional Task Authorizations to Veolia for the FY 2024–25 Phase I Grade 5 Pipeline Replacement and Rehabilitation Project, increasing the total authorized project amount to $6,554,348, including applicable markups.

Section 3. The City Council further authorizes a contract amendment in the amount of $4,030,385, representing the increase over the previously authorized amount of $2,523,963.

Section 4. This resolution shall take effect immediately upon its adoption. 647
Reso. No.

******************
I certify that the foregoing re solution was passed and adopted by the Council of the City of Richmond at a regular meeting thereof held on January 20, 2026, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTENTIONS:

ABSENT:

CLERK OF THE CITY OF RICHMOND
(SEAL)
Approved:

Mayor

Approved as to form:

City Attorney

State of California }
County of Contra Costa : ss.

City of Richmond }

I certify that the foregoing is a true copy of Resolution No. _____, finally passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Richmond at a regular meeting held on January 20, 2026.

Pamela Christian, Clerk of the City of Richmond
648

January 6, 2026

Department

DATE: January 20, 2026
TO: Mayor Martinez and Members of the City Council
FROM:

Daniel Chavarria, Director of Public Works
Ana Crespin, Senior Administrative Analyst
Subject:

Contract with J. Majors & Associates for Public Outreach Services for Capital Improvement Projects
FINANCIAL IMPACT: The proposed $108,160 expenditure is included within the approved fiscal year 2025-2026 Watewater
Enterprise Operations Fund/Water Resource Recovery
budget (Account String: 40322631 – 400201).

PREVIOUS COUNCIL
ACTION:

September 22, 2020

STATEMENT OF THE
ISSUE:

The Public Works Department requests City Council
approval of an After-the-Fact (ATF) contract with J.

Majors & Associates to allow payment of outstanding
invoices for work performed between March 1, 2022, and
June 30, 2024, for various Capital Improvement
Plan(CIP) project public outreach and public information services. The previous contract number 5522 expired
October 31, 2023, and due to unavoidable staffing
shortages and administrative delays, the option to extend the contract was not exercised on time. Two (2) invoices totaling $108,160 were submitted after the contract
expired and require City Council approval for payment.

RECOMMENDED ACTION:

ADOPT a resolution to APPROVE an After-the-Fact
(ATF) contract with J. Majors & Associates to allow
payment of outstanding invoices for public outreach and public information officer services in an amount not to exceed $108,160 – Public Works (Daniel Chavarria 620-
5478/Ana Crespin 307-8095).

AGENDA
REPORT
649

January 6, 2026
DISCUSSION:

On September 22, 2020, the City Council authorized the Public Works Department to enter into standing as-needed Public Information Outreach (PIO) service contracts to support Capital Improvement Projects, including those related to Water Resources Recovery. J. Majors & Associates was selected following a competitive process under Resolution No. 102-20.

Contract No. 5522 with J. Majors & Associates was fully executed for a term beginning November 1, 2020, through October 31, 2023 (Attachment 1). Due to administrative delays and staffing shortages, the option to extend the contract was not processed prior to expiration. However, the firm continued providing essential PIO services including public outreach, easement coordination, door-to-door notifications, community updates, and support for multiple sewer and pipeline projects. These services are documented in detailed work logs and invoices totaling $108,160.

An After-the-Fact (ATF) Purchase Authorization Form was completed and signed on October 27, 2025, documenting circumstances and corrective actions (Attachment 2).

Approval of this ATF contract is required to process payment in compliance with City procurement policy. Subsequently, City staff is requesting the City Council adopt a resolution to approve and after-the-fact contract with J. Majors & Associates to allow payment of outstanding invoices (Attachments 3 and 4).

DOCUMENTS ATTACHED:

Attachment 1 – Contract No. 5522
Attachment 2 – After-the-Fact Form
Attachment 3 – Resolution
Attachment 4 – New Contract

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Daniel Chavarria 10/27/2025
675

J MAJORS & ASSOCIATES INVOICE

INVOICE
925-949-6196
jacqueline@jmajorsand
associates.com
J Majors & Associates
3000 Broadway street
#85

American Canyon, CA
94503
Thank you for your business. ItÕs a pleasure to work with you on your project.

Sincerely yours,
Jacqueline Majors
Attention: Water Resource Recovery (WRR) Division
City of Richmond
440 Civic Center Plaza, Richmond
Date: 06/23/2025
Project Title: Various Assignments; High Priority, Grade 5RAA etc. see attached

Invoice
Number: 20240801
Vendor #14133 Contract #5522
PO #____________________________
Description Hours Hourly
Rate Cost Total Due
Community Outreach 344 $260.00 $89,440.00
0 $0.00 $0.00
0 $0.00 $0.00
See Attached work log

Subtotal $89,440.00
Total $89,440.00 $89,440.00
1676
JMA Work Log March 2022 - June 2024
Task - Public Information Services Hours Details
Public Outreach Duties
Public Outreach Projects Public Outreach/Admin Duties
March 1, 2022 - June 30, 2024

Urgent Line, Grade 5 RAA 2022/2023
High Priority, 2023 RAA Pipeline
Replacement Project, Sewer Main
Replacement Project, First Street
Relief Sewer Rehab Project.
344
Outreach, NotiÞcations door-to-door, Easement
Letters Typed and Delivered for Signature, Weekly
Meetings, city of Richmond/Veolia water west
operating services, 2022-2023 grade 5 RAA sewer
line main replacement project, and Site Visits, Field
Meetings, Report Outs and Administration prepare
letters for signature, print for distribution; signature, or notiÞcations.

Prepare GinaÕs and Patrick easement letter list;
PatrickÕs easement letter list for Dimm, Mount, San
Pablo Ave., McLaughlin Street, Key Blvd, Barrett
Ave., additional lines added various addresses for
the 20 line segments in various locations, and 8 line
segment added on.

Grade 5AA sewer main replacement project 20 line
segments in various locations.

Distribute notiÞcations to high priority parcels Dimm 3 RevÉ Mount and Dimm Street.. I13MH52, I13MH51
516 Dimm Street (Dimm #3)
Prepare easement letters with information, print and
distribute parcel Dimm 3 for easement signatures.

RAA Easement Segment distribute for WRFordes work.

Outreach to residents to continue to pick up signed
easement letters from 515 Dimm the second half of
Dimm and Key to Roosevelt .. submitted to the city for
signaturesÉ H13MH120 for DH work.

Notify resident at 403 McLaughlin for access to their
backyard per WR Fordes work in driveway behind his
home.

Additional notiÞcations to businesses at At McLaughlin/ San Pablo Ave due to Þndings in underground in
driveway.

Pick up signed easement agreements for project 516
Dimm St. from Maricella for distribution. DH work.

Type and issue city of Richmonds Notice to Access To
Alley/Easement & Back Yard notiÞcations to resident at
516 Dimm Street, no response and nor will he return
signed agreement.

Task - Public Information Services Hours
1 677

After numerous visits and notes left to resident at 446 Dimm resident refused to return easement letter. He
states the boulder in his backyard would cover any
sewer lines that need to be inspected. Sent Jayne
email to contact Mr Juan Martinez. Sent post office
returned letter to resident.

Update revised ßyer with current dates, and times for
upcoming work. Revised notiÞcation notices after
residents complained of vague dates of work starting
CCTV and Easement work. Reissued notiÞcations.

All easement letters signed but two 516 Dimm St and
515 Mount St (515 Mount St refused to sign he is a
lawyer. We worked out a deal with him to have access
to his property while he is home and to take photos
before and after. He will allow work but no signed
agreement per the resident who is a lawyer. ) Resident
at 446 Dimm St will not return call or easement letter.

Jayne contacted resident to attempt to retrieve signed
easement letter again.

Issue notiÞcations to residents from Barrett to Rosevelt on Key and Dimm St for the High Priority sewer line
replacement project.

Contact resident at 551 & 587 Dimm per Willie DH they
need access to backyard again.

Issue notiÞcations to 5100 Roosevelt to manhole
I13MH2097 550 Key Blvd and 587 Dimm to 551 to end
of block.

Field meeting on high priority pipeline replacement
project with Jayne and Willie at 2pm on Key Blvd. to
review HPP maps.

Distribute CCTV notiÞcations and sewer main pipe
replacement/reconnect laterals notiÞcation to residents.

Create and type notiÞcation for the HPSRP (High
Priority Sewer Line Replacement) notiÞcation for
approval then distribution to residents.

D&H distribute notiÞcations to residents at Key Blvd
work begins 23rd and 543 Dimm St.

Residents at two neighbors requesting D&H to view
trees growing on her side where the sewer line is going to be worked on.

Final notiÞcation ßyer for Asphalt Street Repair Work for Distribution.

Retype Right of Entry Agreement Revisions for
H13MH226 work for approval with Jayne. .

Work session with Jayne 2022-2023 grade 5 RAA
easement work.

Distribute notiÞcations to 12488 SPA east side for the
upcoming pipe burst work.

DetailsTask - Public Information Services Hours
2 678
Distribute easement letters to residents at Dimm and
Mount St added to D&H work.

Distribute notiÞcations to residents at Creely, Barrett and Nevin for the paving and restoring work.

Prepare easement letters to residents for lineÕs #10, 11, 12, 13 for DarcyHarty upcoming work.

Admin report easement line status update report. July
26, 2023. Line #10 417 Key Blvd, Line #11 516
McLaughlin Street, Line #12 5008 Barrett Ave., Line #13 San Pablo Ave.

Prepare Right of Entry Agreement for the following
locations: RAA 2022-23 Project, H13SF119 -
H13MH256, H13MH256-H13MH245 5008 Barrett Ave
for signatures.

Admin follow ups: resident Elizabeth 430 Key Blvd.
complained bricks were not replaced as prior to work;
486 Key Blvd. resident called to have dirt replaced in
backyard said neighbors side backÞlled but theirs;
resident Sandra, called to report a hole was left under the fence, the gap is big enough for an animal to crawl under. This is additional work at Dimm and Mount St
added to existing easement work.

Prepare notiÞcations for Roosevelt, Cutting Blvd, work.

DH.

Issue notiÞcations to residents at 430 Key Blvd due to
extra work added residents on curve.

Email From MP to contact resident at 789 Yuba Street
to obtain access for Veolia to access backyard. Several attempts before reaching resident who approved entry.

Prepare easement letters for signature 445, 451, 453,
457, 461 Dimm St., 5104 Barrett, 486, 480, 476, 464,
458 Key St. Add onÕs by DH & Jayne.

Print and Distribute ßyers to residents on Terrace and
Washington Ave. Bayhawk Sewer Lateral Replacement
Project.

Grade 5AA sewer main replacement project 20 line
segments in various locations.

1st Street relief sewer project Þnal paving project,
notiÞcations and coordinate with iron triangle office for access to gate for paving and moving equipment thru
gate.

Prepare residents/businesses on 1st, 2nd and adjoining
addresses for paving work. Bridge storage is not happy and will be reaching out to Yader for complaints of their new driveway being torn apart.

DetailsTask - Public Information Services Hours
3 679
344
DetailsTask - Public Information Services Hours
4 680

J MAJORS & ASSOCIATES INVOICE

INVOICE
925-949-6196
jacqueline@jmajorsand
associates.com
J Majors & Associates
3000 Broadway street
#85

American Canyon, CA
94503
Thank you for your business. ItÕs a pleasure to work with you on your project.

Sincerely yours,
Jacqueline Majors
Attention: Water Resource Recovery (WRR) Division
City of Richmond
440 Civic Center Plaza, Richmond
Date: 06/23/2025
Project Title: FERRY POINT.

Invoice
Number: 20240801
Vendor #14133 Contract #5522
PO #____________________________
Description Hours Hourly
Rate Cost Total Due
Community Outreach 72 $260.00 $18,720.00
0 $0.00 $0.00
0 $0.00 $0.00
See Attached work log

Subtotal $18,720.00
Total $18,720.00 $18,720.00
1681
JMA Work Log March 2022 - June 2024
Task - Public Information Services Hours Details
Public Outreach Duties
Public Outreach Projects Public Outreach/Admin Duties
March 1, 2022 - June 30, 2024

Replacement, Ferry Point Sewer
Pump Station Improvement Project
Outreach, NotiÞcations door-to-door, Weekly
Meetings, Report Outs, print for distribution; and
notiÞcations.

72 Create notiÞcation for the FPSPSIP for notiÞcation and for the distribution with Pt Richmond NC groups.

Ferry Point Sewer Pump Station Improvements Project
PreCon Meetings on site.

Field meeting with Jayne, CoR, to discuss Baytrail with Andrew Butt due to concerns from local residents and
the Pt Richmond NC and businesses.

Addressed neighborhood complaints of unsafe site
travel is unsafe. Due to removal of stop signs and
street markings; Reported back with photos of areas
needing better visibility and markings per Yader. Photos sent, March 7, 23
Attend neighborhood council meeting to discuss
outcome, concerns etc with Jayne per RosenthalÕs
request.
72 1
682
Reso. No. XX-25

RESOLUTION NO. __-__

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF RICHMOND
APPROVING AN AFTER-THE-FACT (ATF) CONTRACT WITH J. MAJORS &

ASSOCIATES TO PROCESS PAYMENT OF OUTSTANDING INVOICES FOR

PUBLIC OUTREACH AND PUBLIC INFORMATION SERVICES PERFORMED FOR

VARIOUS PUBLIC WORKS CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS IN AN AMOUNT NOT TO EXCEED $108,160

WHEREAS, the Public Works Department relies on specialized public outreach and public information services to support major capital improvement projects, including sewer main replacement, easement coordination, paving, and community notification efforts; and

WHEREAS, J. Majors & Associates performed such services under Contract No. 5522 from November 1, 2020, through October 31, 2023, as previously authorized by Council;

WHEREAS, the contract with Veolia has been in place since 2002 and has been amended and/or extended five times; and

WHEREAS, due to department staffing shortages, the option to extend Contract No. 5522 was not processed prior to its expiration on October 31, 2023; and

WHEREAS, J. Majors & Associates continued to perform necessary work from March 1, 2022, through June 30, 2024, including community outreach, preparation and distribution of notices, easement acquisition support, meeting participation, and project communications, as documented in submitted invoices and work logs; and

WHEREAS, two invoices t otaling $108,160 were submitted for completed work but cannot be paid without approval of an After-the-Fact (ATF) contract; and

WHEREAS, the Public Works Department has submitted an ATF Purchase Authorization Form documenting the circumstances and corrective actions to avoid future occurrences; and

WHEREAS, funding is available within existing Public Works CIP project budgets, and no additional appropriation is required; and

WHEREAS, the contract with J Majors would be for an amount not to exceed $108,160

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Richmond that a contract with J Majors is approved to allow payment of outstanding invoices for public outreach and public information services performed for various Public Works capital improvement projects beginning March 1, 202 4 and ending on June 30, 2026 , for an amount not to exceed $108,160.

*********************

I certify that the foregoing resolution was passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Richmond at a regular meeting thereof held January xx, 2026, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTENTIONS:

ABSENT:

_

CLERK OF THE CITY OF RICHMOND
(SEAL)
Approved:
___
Mayor
683
Reso. No. XX-25

Approved as to form:

________________________
City Attorney

State of California }
County of Contra Costa : ss.

City of Richmond }

I certify that the foregoing is a true copy of Resolution No. XX-XX, finally passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Richmond at a regular meeting held on January xx, 2026.

Pamela Christian, Clerk of the City of Richmond
684
Reso. No. XX-25

CLERK’S

CERTIFICATE

I, Pamela Christian, City Clerk of the City of Richmond, do hereby certify as follows:

The foregoing resolution is a full, true and correct copy of Resolution No. XX-XX duly adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of said City duly and regularly held at the regular meeting place thereof on the 26th day of November 2024, of which meeting all the members of said City Council had due notice and at which a majority thereof were present; and that at said meeting said resolution was adopted by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTENTIONS:

ABSENT:

An agenda of said meeting was posted before said meeting at City Hall, 450 Civic Center Plaza in the City of Richmond, California, a location freely accessible to members of the public, and a brief description of said resolution appeared on said agenda.

I have carefully compared the foregoing with the original on file and of record in my office, and the foregoing is a full, true and correct copy of the original resolution adopted at said meeting.

Said resolution h as not b een amended, mod ified or rescinded s ince the d ate of its adoption and the same is now in full force and effect.

Dated: , 2024.

City Clerk of the City of Richmond

[SEAL]

685

CITY OF RICHMOND

STANDARD CONTRACT
Department: City Project Manager:

City Project Manager E-mail: City Project Manager Phone No:

Vendor No: Contract No:

Description of Services:

The parties to this STANDARD CONTRACT do mutually agree and promise as follows:

1. Parties. The parties to this Contract are the City of Richmond, a municipal corporation (“the City”), and the following named Contractor:

Contractor Name:

Street Address:

City, State, Zip Code:

Contact Person:

Telephone: Email:

Business License No:
☐ A California corporation, ☐ limited liability corporation ☐ general partnership, ☐ limited partnership, ☐ individual, ☐ non-profit corporation, ☐ individual dba as [specify:] ____________________ ☐ other [specify:] _______________________________

2. Term. The effective date of this Contract is _______________________ and terminates _________________ unless terminated earlier as set forth herein.

3. Payment Limit. City’s total payments to Contractor under this Contract shall not exceed $______________ (“Contract Payment Limit”) unless a Contract Amendment has been approved by the City Council or City Manager. If this amount includes a contingency, Contractor acknowledges that any use of such contingency shall be for work beyond the original scope of services and requires prior written authorization by the City. If noted below, Compensation for work done under this Contract, shall not exceed as follows:

FY _________ total compensation shall not exceed $_________________ FY _________ total compensation shall not exceed $_________________ FY _________ total compensation shall not exceed $_________________

4. Contractor’s Obligations. Contractor agrees to perform all work at its own cost and expense, to furnish all labor, tools, equipment, materials, except as otherwise specified, in accordance with the Service Plan set forth in Exhibit A, attached hereto and incorporated herein.

5. City Obligations. City shall make payments to the Contractor in accordance with the Payment Provisions set forth in Exhibit B, attached hereto and incorporated herein.

Public Works
Mary Phelps
[email protected]
(510) 621-1269
14133
Public outreach and public information officer services contract to support Capital Improvement Projects (various assignments; High Priority, Grade 5RAA etc.) J Majors & Associates
3000 Broadway Street #85
American Canyon, CA 94503
Jacqueline Majors
(925) 949-6196
[email protected]
40057706
March 1, 2022
June 30, 2026
108,160.00
686

6. Authorized Representatives and Notices. This Contract is subject to the Authorized Representatives and Notices Provisions (Exhibit C), attached hereto and incorporated herein.

7. General Conditions. This Contract is subject to the General Conditions (Exhibit D), which are attached hereto and incorporated herein.

8. Special Conditions. This Contract is subject to the Special Conditions (Exhibit E) (if any), which are attached hereto and incorporated herein.

9. Insurance Provisions. This Contract is subject to the Insurance Provisions (Exhibit F), which are attached hereto and incorporated herein.

10. Sanctuary City Compliance Statement. This Contract is subject to the Sanctuary City Compliance Statement (Exhibit G), which is attached hereto and incorporated herein.

11. Signatures. These signatures attest the parties' agreement hereto:

CITY OF RICHMOND,
a municipal corporation [BUSINESS NAME]
(* The Corporation Chairperson of the Board, President, or Vice President should sign below)

By: _________________________ By: ___________________________ Title: ________________________ Title: __________________________ Date Signed: _________________ Date Signed: ___________________

I hereby certify that this Contract (* The Corporation Chief Financial Officer or Assistant has been approved by City Council Treasurer, or Secretary or Assistant Secretary should or the City Manager. sign below)

By: _________________________ By: ___________________________ City Clerk Title: __________________________
Date Signed: ____________________
Approved as to form:
(NOTE: Pursuant to California Corporations Code Section By: _________________________ 313, if Contractor is a corporation or nonprofit organization, City Attorney this Contract (1) must be signed by (a) the Chairperson of the Board, President, or Vice-President and (b) the
Chief Financial Officer or Assistant Treasurer, or
Secretary or Assistant Secretary)

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS:

Service Plan Exhibit A
Payment Provisions Exhibit B
Authorized Representatives and Notices Exhibit C
General Conditions Exhibit D
Special Conditions Exhibit E
Insurance Provisions Exhibit F
Sanctuary City Compliance Statement Exhibit G

J Majors & Associates
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EXHIBIT A

SERVICE PLAN

Contractor shall, to the satisfaction of the Project Manager ( set forth in Exhibit B) , perform the following services and be compensated as outlined below [or attach service plan if necessary]:

J Majors & Associates
See scope of services next page
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Scope of Services
Community Outreach - City of Richmond
J Majors & Associates (JMA) is pleased to submit the following services:

JMA will perform the following tasks:
• Door-to-door notifications: Conduct outreach to residents and businesses informing of projects/impacts/ etc to residents/businesses.
• Weekly project meeting updates: Attend and provide community relations input at weekly project meetings. • Administrative support: Provide administrative and documentation support as needed for project communications.
• Provide to Neighborhood council updates.
• On-call as needed basis.
• Provide contact phone number to residents/businesses. • Type and complete Right of Entry Agreements for residents signature and approval for upcoming Right of entry work. Once signed by the city return signed copies to residents/businesses. • Print all copies/right of entry agreements for distribution.

Thank you for the opportunity to support this important project. We look forward to working with the City.

Sincerely,
Jacqueline Majors
J Majors & Associates
925-949-6196
[email protected]
www.jmajorsandassocaites.com
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EXHIBIT B

PAYMENT PROVISIONS

1. COMPENSATION TO CONTRACTOR:

a. Provided Contractor is not in default under this Contract, Contractor shall be compensated in the manner set forth herein.

b. All payments made pursuant to this Contract shall be subject to the Contract Payment Limit. The Payment Limit includes expenses (phones, photocopying, meals and travel, etc.). Invoices shall be adequately detailed, based on accurate records, and be in a form reasonably satisfactory to the City. Contractor may be required to provide back-up material upon request.

c. All City vendors receiving new contracts shall sign up to receive electronic payments through the City’s Automated Clearinghouse (ACH) payments service/provider.

2. SUBMISSION OF INVOICES:

Contractor shall submit timely invoices by email to
[email protected] and/or to the following address:

Attention: City of Richmond Finance/Account Payable
Project Manager: _______________________
P.O. Box 4046
Richmond, CA 94804

3. All invoices that are submitted by Contractor shall be subject to the approval of the City Project Manager, _______________________, before payments shall be authorized.

a. The City will pay invoice(s) within 45 days after completion of services to the City’s satisfaction. The City shall not pay late fees or interest.

b. All appropriate permits, certificates, and licenses, including a City business license shall be obtained and maintained for the duration of this Contract before any payment is authorized.

4. All insurance coverage required by this Contract shall be provided by the Contractor before this Contract is executed by the City. The insurance coverage required by this Contract shall be maintained by Contractor for the duration of this Contract and must be in place before any payment is authorized.

Mary Phelps
Mary Phelps
J Majors & Associates
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EXHIBIT C

AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVES AND NOTICES

1. All required written notices shall be delivered: (i) by hand; or (ii) sent by registered, express, or certified mail, with return receipt requested or with delivery confirmation requested from the U.S. postal service; or (iii) sent by overnight or same day courier service at the party’s respective address listed in this Section.

2. Each notice shall be deemed to have been received on the earlier to occur of:
actual delivery or the date on which delivery is refused; or three (3) days after notice is deposited in the U.S. mail or with a courier service in the manner described above (Sundays and City holidays excepted).

3. Either party may, at any time, change its notice address (other than to a post office box address) by giving the other party three (3) days prior written notice of the new address.

4. All notices, demands, requests, or approvals from Contractor to the City shall be addressed to the City at:

City of Richmond
450 Civic Center Plaza
Richmond, CA 94804
Email: ________________________________________________

5. All notices, demands, requests, or approvals from the City to Contractor shall be addressed to Contractor at:

Attn:

Email: ________________________________________________ Mary Phelps
[email protected]
J Majors & Associates
J Majors & Associates
3000 Broadway Street #85
American Canyon, CA 94503
[email protected]
Jacqueline Majors
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EXHIBIT D

GENERAL CONDITIONS

1. INDEPENDENT PARTIES:

Contractor hereby declares that Contractor is engaged as an independent business and Contractor agrees to perform the services as an independent contractor.

The manner and means of conducting the services and tasks are under the control of Contractor except to the extent they are limited by statute, rule or regulation and the express terms of this Contract. No civil service status or other right of employment will be acquired by virtue of Contractor’s services. None of the benefits provided by the City to its employees, including but not limited to unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation plans, vacation and sick leave, are available from the City to Contractor, its employees or agents. Deductions shall not be made for any state or federal taxes, FICA payments, PERS payments, or other purposes normally associated with an employer-employee relationship from any compensation due to Contractor. Payments of the above items, if required, are the responsibility of Contractor.

2. TIME IS OF THE ESSENCE:

Contractor and the City agree that time is of the essence regarding the performance of this Contract.

3. STANDARD OF CARE:

Contractor agrees to perform all services hereunder in a manner commensurate with the prevailing standards of like professionals or service Contractors, as applicable, in the San Francisco Bay Area and agrees that all services shall be performed by qualified and experienced personnel who are not employed by the City.

4. IMMIGRATION REFORM AND CONTROL ACT (IRCA):

Contractor assumes all responsibility for verifying the identity and employment authorization of all of its employees performing work hereunder, pursuant to all applicable IRCA or other federal, or state rules and regulations. Contractor shall indemnify, defend, and hold the City harmless from and against any loss, damage, liability, costs or expenses arising from any noncompliance of this provision by Contractor.

5. NON-DISCRIMINATION:

Consistent with the City’s policy and state and federal law that harassment and discrimination are unacceptable conduct, Contractor and its employees, contractors, and agents shall not harass or discriminate against any job applicant, City employee, or any other person on the basis of any kind of any statutorily (federal, state or local) protected class, including but not limited to: race, religious creed, color, national origin, ancestry, J Majors & Associates
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disability (both mental and physical) including HIV and AIDS, medical condition (e.g. cancer), genetic information, marital status, sex, gender, gender identity, gender expression, age, sexual orientation, pregnancy, political affiliation, military and veteran status or legitimate union activities. Contractor agrees that any violation of this provision shall constitute a material breach of this Contract.

6. CITY PROPERTY:
a. Each and every report, draft, work product, map, record, applicable plans, drawings, calculation, data, specification, video, graphic, or any other material or document produced, prepared or caused to be prepared by Contractor pursuant to or in connection with this Contract shall be the exclusive property of the City.

b. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Contractor shall not be obligated to provide to City proprietary software or data which Contractor has developed or had developed for Contractor's own use; provided, however, that Contractor shall, pursuant to Section 11 below, indemnify, defend and hold the City harmless from and against any discovery or Public Records Act request seeking the disclosure of such proprietary software or data.

c. No report, information or other data given to or prepared or assembled by Contractor pursuant to this Contract shall be made available to any individual or organization by Contractor without prior approval of the City Manager or their designee.

d. Contractor shall, at such time and in such form as City Manager or their designee may require, furnish reports concerning the status of services and tasks required under this Contract.

7. RECORDS:

a. Contractor shall maintain complete and accurate records with respect to the services, tasks, work, documents and data in sufficient detail to permit an evaluation of Contractor’s performance under the Contract, as well as maintain books and records related to sales, costs, expenses, receipts and other such information required by the City that relate to the performance of the services and tasks under this Contract (collectively the “Records”).

b. All Records shall be maintained in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and shall be clearly identified and readily accessible. Contractor shall provide free access to the Records to the representatives of the City or its designees during regular business hours upon reasonable prior notice. The City has the right to examine and audit the Records, and to make copies or transcripts therefrom as necessary, and to allow inspection of all proceedings and activities related to this Contract. Such Records, together with supporting documents, shall be kept separate from other documents and records and shall be maintained by Contractor for a period of five (5) years after receipt of final payment.

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c. If supplemental examination or audit of the Records is necessary due to concerns raised by the City’s preliminary examination or audit of records, and the City’s supplemental examination or audit of the records discloses a failure to adhere to appropriate internal financial controls, or other breach of this Contract or failure to act in good faith, then Contractor shall reimburse the City for all reasonable costs and expenses associated with the supplemental examination or audit.

8. PERMITS AND LICENSES:

Contractor, at its sole expense, shall obtain and maintain during the term of this Contract, all appropriate permits, certificates and licenses, including a City business license, required in connection with the performance of the services and tasks hereunder.

The failure to obtain such permits and licenses shall be a material breach of this Contract and grounds for immediate termination by City; provided, however, that City may waive the business license requirement in writing under unusual or extraordinary circumstances without necessitating any modification of this Contract to reflect such waiver.

9. TERMINATION:

a. Termination Without Default. Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, the City may, in its sole and absolute discretion and without cause, terminate this Contract at any time prior to completion by Contractor of the project or services hereunder immediately upon transmission of written notice to Contractor as provided in Exhibit C “Authorized Representatives and Notices”.

b. Termination in the Event of Default. Should Contractor fail to perform any of its obligations hereunder, within the time and in the manner provided or otherwise violate any of the terms of this Contract, City may immediately terminate this Contract by giving written notice of such termination, stating the reasons for such termination. Contractor shall be compensated as provided in Exhibit B; provided, however, there shall be deducted from such amount the amount of damage, including attorney's fees, expert witness fees and costs, if any, sustained by City by virtue of Contractor's breach of this Contract. Additionally, in the event of such termination, the City may proceed with the work in any reasonable manner it chooses.

10. CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

Contractor acknowledges, represents and warrants that Contractor shall avoid all conflicts of interest (as defined under any federal, state or local statute, rule or regulation, or at common law) with respect to this Contract. Contractor further acknowledges, represents and warrants that no City official or employee has any economic interest, as defined in Title 2, California Code of Regulations §§ 18703.1 through 18703.5, with Contractor that would invalidate this Contract. Contractor acknowledges that in the event that Contractor shall be found by any judicial or administrative body to have any conflict of interest (as defined above) with respect to this Contract, all consideration received under J Majors & Associates
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this Contract shall be forfeited and returned to City forthwith. This provision shall survive the termination of this Contract for one (1) year.

11. HOLD HARMLESS:

a. To the fullest extent permitted by law, Contractor shall indemnify, defend (with counsel acceptable to the City) and hold harmless the City, its City Council, boards, commissions, officials, employees, agents and volunteers (“Indemnitees”) from and against any and all loss, damages, liability, obligations, claims, suits, judgments, costs and expenses whatsoever, including attorney’s fees and costs of litigation (“Claims”), arising from or in any manner connected to Contractor’s performance of its obligations under this Contract or failure to comply with any of its obligations under this Contract or out of the operations conducted by Contractor even if the City is found to have been negligent. If the Claims filed against Indemnitees allege negligence, recklessness or willful misconduct on the part of Contractor, Contractor shall have no right of reimbursement against Indemnitees for the costs of defense even if negligence, recklessness or willful misconduct is not found on the part of Contractor. Contractor shall not have any obligations to indemnify Indemnitees if the loss or damage is found to have resulted solely from the negligence or the willful misconduct of the City. The defense and indemnification obligations of this Contract are undertaken in addition to, and shall not in any way be limited by, the insurance obligations contained in this Contract.

b. This indemnification obligation shall survive this Contract and shall not be limited by any term of any insurance policy required under this Contract; provided however, that if this Contract is for design professional services, this indemnity provision is limited to claims that arise out of, pertain to, or relate to the negligence, recklessness, or willful misconduct of the design professional (as defined in California Civil Code section 2782.8).

12. LIMITATIONS UPON SUBCONTRACTING AND ASSIGNMENT:

a. This Contract binds the heirs, successors, assigns and representatives of Contractor. The Contractor shall not enter into subcontracts for any work contemplated under this Contract and shall not assign this Contract, nor any portion hereof or monies due or to become due, without the prior written consent of the City Council or its designee.

b. Contractor shall not assign, sublease, hypothecate, or transfer this Contract, or any interest therein, directly or indirectly, by operation of law or otherwise, without prior written consent of the City Manager. Contractor shall submit a written request for consent to transfer to the City Manager at least thirty (30) days in advance of the desired transfer.

The City Manager or their designee may consent or reject such request in their sole and absolute discretion. Any attempt to do so without said consent shall be null and void, and any assignee, sublessee, hypothecate or transferee shall acquire no right or interest by reason of such attempted assignment, hypothecation or transfer. However, claims for J Majors & Associates
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money against the City under this Contract may be assigned by Contractor to a bank, trust company or other financial institution without prior written consent.

c. The sale, assignment, transfer or other disposition of any of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Contractor (if applicable), or of the interest of any general partner or joint venturer or syndicate member if Contractor is a partnership or joint- venture or syndicate, which shall result in a change of control of Contractor, shall be deemed an assignment. For this purpose, control shall mean fifty percent or more of the voting power or twenty-five percent or more of the assets of the corporation, partnership or joint-venture.

d. Only those persons and/or businesses whose names and resumés are attached to this Contract shall be used in the performance of this Contract. However, if after the start of this Contract, Contractor wishes to use sub-contractors, at no additional costs to the City, then Contractor shall submit a written request for consent to add sub- contractors including the names of the sub-contractors and the reasons for the request to the City Manager at least five (5) days in advance. The City Manager may consent or reject such requests in their sole and absolute discretion.

e. Each sub-contractor shall be required to furnish proof of workers’ compensation insurance and shall also be required to carry general, automobile and professional liability insurance (as applicable) in reasonable conformity to the insurance carried by Contractor.

f. In addition, any tasks or services performed by sub-contractors shall be subject to each provision of this Contract. Contractor shall include the following language in their Contract with any sub-contractor: “Sub-Contractors hired by Contractor agree to be bound to Contractor and the City in the same manner and to the same extent as Contractor is bound to the City.”

g. The requirements in this Section 12 shall not apply to persons who are merely providing materials, supplies, data or information that Contractor then analyzes and incorporates into its work product.

13. SAFETY:

a. Contractor acknowledges that the City is committed to the highest standards of workplace safety. Contractor will be solely and completely responsible for conditions of all vehicles owned or operated by Contractor, including the safety of all persons and property during performance of the services and tasks under this Contract.

Contractor shall assume sole and complete responsibility for the safety of Contractor's employees and any of subcontractor's employees This requirement will apply continuously and not be limited to normal working hours. In addition, Contractor will comply with all safety provisions in conformance with U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Act, any equivalent state law, and all other applicable J Majors & Associates
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federal, state, county and local laws, ordinances, codes, and any regulations that may be detailed in other parts of the Contract. Where any of these are in conflict, the more stringent requirements will be followed. Contractor’s failure to thoroughly familiarize itself with the aforementioned safety provisions will not relieve it from compliance with the obligations and penalties set forth herein.

b. Contractor will immediately notify the City (in no event less than 24 hours) of any incident of death, serious personal injury or substantial property damage that occurs in connection with the performance of this Contract. Contractor will promptly submit to the City a written report of all incidents that occur in connection with this Contract. This report must include the following information: (i) name and address of injured or deceased person(s); (ii) name and address of Contractor’s employee(s) involved in the incident; (iii) name and address of Contractor’s liability insurance carrier; (iv) a detailed description of the incident; and (v) a police report.

c. Contractor acknowledges that the City shall have the right to impose, at the City’s sole discretion, requirements that it deems are necessary to protect the health and safety of the City employees, residents, and visitors. Contractor agrees to comply with all such requirements, including, but not limited to, mandatory vaccinations, the use of personal protective equipment (e.g. masks), physical distancing, and health screenings.

Contractor also agrees to make available to the City, at the City’s request, records to demonstrate Contractor’s compliance with this Section.

14. INSURANCE:

Insurance requirements are set forth in Exhibit F to this Contract. Contractor shall abide by the insurance requirements set forth in said Exhibit F.

15. COMPLIANCE WITH ALL APPLICABLE LAWS:

a. During the term of this Contract, Contractor shall keep fully informed of all existing and future state and federal laws and all municipal ordinances and regulations of the City of Richmond which affect the manner in which the services or tasks are to be performed by Contractor, as well as all such orders and decrees of bodies or tribunals having any jurisdiction or authority over the same. Contractor shall comply with all applicable laws, state and federal and all ordinances, rules and regulations enacted or issued by the City. Compliance under this provision includes compliance with all provisions of the Richmond Municipal Code ("Municipal Code"), including Chapters 2.50,

2.52, 2.56, and 2.60, if applicable.

b. Contractor acknowledges that under § 2.60.070 of the Municipal Code ("Living Wage Ordinance"), Contractor is required to provide the City with documents and information verifying its compliance with the Living Wage Ordinance. Contractor shall notify each of its affected employees with regards to the wages that are required to be paid pursuant to the Living Wage Ordinance as prescribed in § 2.60.070 of the Municipal Code.

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c. Contractor shall comply with § 2.28.030 of the Municipal Code, obligating every Contractor or sub-Contractor under an agreement or sub-agreement with the City for public works, goods or services to refrain from discriminatory employment or practices on the basis of race, color, sex, sexual orientation, religious creed, national origin or ancestry of any employee, any applicant for employment or any potential sub-contractor.

d. Contractor acknowledges that the City’s Drug Free Workplace Policy, Violence in the Workplace Policy and the Policy Against Workplace Harassment, are available on the City’s website at http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/workplacepolicies.

Contractor agrees to abide by the terms and conditions of said policies.

16. INTEGRATED CONTRACT:

The Recitals and exhibits are a material part of this Contract and are expressly incorporated herein. This Contract represents the full and complete understanding of every kind or nature whatsoever between the parties hereto, and all preliminary negotiations and agreements of whatsoever kind or nature are merged herein. No verbal agreement or implied covenant shall be held to vary the provisions hereof. Any modification of this Contract will be effective only by written execution signed by both the City and Contractor.

17. CONFLICTING PROVISIONS:

In the event of a conflict between these General Conditions and those of any Exhibit or attachment hereto, these General Conditions shall prevail; provided, however, that any Special Condition as set forth in Exhibit E shall prevail over these General Conditions. In the event of a conflict between the terms and conditions of any two or more Exhibits or attachments hereto, those prepared by City shall prevail over those prepared by the Contractor, and the terms and conditions preferred by the City shall prevail over those preferred by the Contractor.

18. FORCE MAJEURE:

Neither party hereto shall be considered in default in the performance of its obligations hereunder to the extent that the performance of such an obligation is prevented or delayed by reason of acts of God, strikes, boycotts, lock-outs, inability to procure materials not related to the price thereof, failure of power, restrictive governmental laws and regulations enacted after the date of this Contract, riots, civil unrest, acts of terrorism, insurrection, war, declaration of a state or national emergency or other reasons of a like nature not within the reasonable control of such party.

19. CONFLICT OF LAW:

This Contract shall be interpreted under, and enforced by the laws of the State of J Majors & Associates
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California without regard to any choice of law rules which may direct the application of laws of another jurisdiction. The Contract and obligations of the parties are subject to all valid laws, orders, rules, and regulations of the authorities having jurisdiction over this Contract (or the successors of those authorities). Any suits brought pursuant to this Contract shall be filed with the courts of the County of Contra Costa, State of California.

20. CLAIMS:

Any claim by Contractor against City hereunder shall be subject to Government Code §§ 800 et seq. The claims presentation provisions of said Act are hereby modified such that the presentation of all claims hereunder to the City shall be waived if not made within six months after accrual of the cause of action.

21. INTERPRETATION:

This Contract shall be interpreted as if drafted by both parties.

22. WARRANTY:

If any product is be provided to the City as part of this Contract, Contractor warrants as follows: Contractor possesses good title to the product and the right to transfer the product to City; the product shall be delivered to the City free from any security interest or other lien; the product meets any specifications contained herein; the product shall be free from material defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of one (1) year from the date of delivery; and the product shall be fit for its intended purpose(s). Notwithstanding the foregoing, consumable and maintenance items (such as light bulbs and batteries) shall be warranted for a period of one hundred and eighty (180) days from the date of delivery. All repairs during the warranty period shall be promptly performed by Contractor, at Contractor's expense, including shipping.

23. SEVERABILITY:

In the event that any of the provisions or portions or applications thereof of this Contract are held to be unenforceable or invalid by any court of competent jurisdiction, City and Contractor shall negotiate an equitable adjustment in the provisions of the Contract with a view toward effecting the purpose of this Contract, and the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions or portions or applications thereof, shall not be affected thereby.

24. AUTHORITY:

City warrants and represents that the signatory hereto (the Mayor of the City of Richmond or the City Manager) is duly authorized to enter into and execute this Contract on behalf of City. The party signing on behalf of Contractor warrants and represents that they are duly authorized to enter into and execute this Contract on behalf of Contractor, J Majors & Associates
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and shall be personally liable to City if they are not duly authorized to enter into and execute this Contract on behalf of Contractor.

25. WAIVER:

The waiver by City of any breach of any term or provision of this Contract shall not be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach. Inspections or approvals, or statements by any officer, agent or employee of the City relating to the Contractor’s performance, or payment therefore, or any combination of these acts, shall not relieve the Contractor’s obligation to fulfill this Contract as prescribed; nor shall the City be thereby stopped from bringing any action for damages or enforcement arising from any failure to comply with any of the terms and conditions of this Contract.

26. COUNTERPARTS:

This Contract may be executed in any number of counterparts (including by fax, PDF, DocuSign, or other electronic means), each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument.

27. SANCTUARY CITY CONTRACTING ORDINANCE (SCCO):

The Richmond Sanctuary City Contracting Ordinance No. 12-18 prohibits the City from granting and or retaining contracts with any person or entity that provides Data Broker or Extreme Vetting services to the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Division of the United States Department of Homeland Security (“ICE”). Contractor must submit the Sanctuary City Compliance Statement, attached hereto as Exhibit G.

J Majors & Associates
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EXHIBIT E

SPECIAL CONDITIONS

The General Conditions are hereby amended to include the following modifications and/or provisions (if applicable, otherwise please state “NONE”):

J Majors & Associates
None
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EXHIBIT F

INSURANCE PROVISIONS
☐ CHECK HERE IF RISK MANAGEMENT HAS APPROVED WAIVING INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR THIS CONTRACT.

1. CERTIFICATES: Before the commencement of the terms of this Contract, and during the entire term of this Contract and any extension or modification thereof, Contractor shall furnish the City’s Risk Manager with certificates showing the type, amount, class of operations covered, effective dates and dates of expiration of insurance coverage in compliance with coverage requirements set forth by the City and incorporated herein.

Such certificates, which do not limit Contractor’s indemnification, shall also contain substantially the following statement:
“Should any of the above insurance covered by this certificate be canceled or coverage reduced before the expiration date thereof, the insurer affording coverage shall provide thirty (30) days’ advance written notice to the City of Richmond.

Attention: Risk Manager.”
Contractor shall maintain in force at all times during the performance of this Contract all appropriate coverage of insurance required by this Contract with an insurance company licensed to offer insurance business in the State of California with a current A.M. Best’s rating of no less than A:VII or Standard & Poor’s Rating (if rated) of at least BBB unless otherwise acceptable to the City. Contractor shall deliver updated insurance certificates to the City at the address set forth in Exhibit C prior to the expiration of the existing insurance certificate for the duration of the term of Contract.

Endorsements naming the City, its City Council, boards, commissions, officials, employees, agents, and volunteers as additional insured shall be submitted with the insurance certificates.

2. COVERAGE REQUIREMENTS: The City’s insurance requirements depend upon the type of service being provided and/or the provider. The City’s insurance requirements will fall into one of the following categories (unless otherwise provided by the City):

Consultants and Contractors – Type 1
Professional Services – Type 2
Environmental Risk/Hazardous Waste Material – Type 3
Lease of City Property – Type 4
Vendors, Suppliers, Small Grant Recipients & Nonprofit Organizations – Type 5 Transportation Providers – Type 6
Professional Services Pyrotechnics – Type 7
Cyber and I.T. Risks – Type 8
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The insurance requirements classification applicable to this Contract shall be attached to this Exhibit F and made a part hereof.

3. FAILURE TO SECURE: If Contractor at any time during the term hereof should fail to secure or maintain the foregoing insurance, the City shall be permitted to obtain such insurance in Contractor’s name or as an agent of Contractor and shall be compensated by Contractor for the costs of the insurance premiums at the maximum rate permitted by law and computed from the date written notice is received that the premiums have not been paid.

4. SUFFICIENCY OF INSURANCE: The insurance limits required by the City are not represented as being sufficient to protect Contractor. Contractor is advised to consult Contractor’s insurance broker to determine adequate coverage for Contractor. The coverage and limits shall be (1) the minimum coverage and limits specified in this Contract; or (2) the broader coverage and maximum limits of the coverage carried by or available to Contractor; whichever is greater.

INSERT INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS CLASSIFICATION APPLICABLE TO THIS CONTRACT: (IF NECESSARY, CONFIRM WITH RISK MANAGER)
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___ Exhibit F
___ Section 8
City of Richmond - Insurance Requirements – Type 1:

Consultants and Contractors

Type 1 – Page 1 of 4

Revised: September 2011

In all instances where a CONTRACTOR or its representatives will be conducting business and/or providing services, the City requires the following MINIMUM insurance requirements and limits.

CONTRACTOR shall procure and maintain for the duration of the contract, agreement, or other order for work, services or supplies, insurance against claims for injuries to persons or damages to property which may arise from or in connection with the performance of the work hereunder and the results of that work by the CONTRACTOR, its agents, representatives, employees or subcontractors. Maintenance of proper insurance coverage is a material element of the contract. Failure to maintain or renew coverage or to provide evidence of renewal may be treated by the City as a material breach of contract.

CONTRACTOR agrees that in the event of loss due to any of the perils for which it has agreed to provide Commercial General Liability insurance, CONTRACTOR shall look solely to its insurance for recovery. CONTRACTOR hereby grants to CITY, on behalf of any insurer providing Commercial General Liability insurance to either CONTRACTOR or CITY with respect to the services of CONSULTANT herein, a waiver of any right to subrogation which any such insurer of said CONTRACTOR may acquire against the CITY by virtue of the payment of any loss under such insurance.

Original, signed certificates and original, separate policy endorsements, naming the City as an additional insured for general liability, as well as a waiver of subrogation for Workers’ Compensation insurance, shall be received and approved by the City before any work may begin. However, failure to do so shall not operate as a waiver of these insurance requirements.

City reserves the right to modify or require additional coverages for specific risk exposures depending on scope of CONTRACTORS work.

Minimum coverage is detailed below. The policy limits of coverage shall be made available to the full limits of the policy.

The minimum limits stated herein shall not serve to reduce the policy limits of coverage of CONTRACTOR.

Minimum Scope of Insurance – the following forms shall be provided and coverage shall be at least as broad as the following:

1. Insurance Services Office Commercial General Liability coverage (ISO Occurrence Form CG 0001) including coverage for bodily and personal injury, property damage, and products and completed operations.

2. Insurance Services Office Automobile Liability coverage (ISO Form CA 0001, Code 1, Any Auto)

3. Original and Separate Additional Insured Endorsements for General Liability (ISO Form CG 20 10 11/85 or its equivalent) with primary and non-contributory language.

4. Workers’ Compensation Insurance as required by the State of California including Employer’s Liability coverage.

5. Original and Separate Waiver of Subrogation for Workers’ Compensation and Builder’s Risk/ Course of Construction Insurance.

6. Builder’s Risk/Course of Construction insurance covering all risks of loss less policy exclusions when the City of Richmond has a financial interest in the property. – (Only required for Construction Contracts involving property)

7. Contractor’s Pollution Liability (if applicable for Construction Contractors)

Required Coverage

Minimum Limits
Workers’ Compensation and
Employers’ Liability
Statutory limits as required by the State of California including $1 million Employers’ Liability per accident, per employee for bodily injury or disease.

If CONTRACTOR
is self-insured, provide a certificate of Permission to Self- Insure, signed by the California Department of Industrial Relations and Self- Insurance. If contractor is a sole proprietor (has no employees) than contractor must sign “Contractor Release of Liability” found at:
http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/index.aspx?nid=61.

704
___ Exhibit F
___ Section 8
City of Richmond - Insurance Requirements – Type 1:

Consultants and Contractors

Type 1 – Page 2 of 4

Revised: September 2011

PROJECT COST R EQUIRED LIMIT
$0 - $5 million $2 million p/o
$5 million - $10 million $5 million p/o
Over $10 million $10 million p/o
Fireworks $5 million p/o
General Liability
(primary and excess limits
combined)

Includes coverage for bodily injury, personal injury, property damage and products and completed operations. The policy shall not exclude coverage for XCU perils (explosion, collapse, or damage to underground property).

If the policy includes a general aggregate, either the general aggregate shall apply separately to this project, service or location or the minimum required aggregate limit shall be twice the per occurrence limit ($4 million aggregate limit).

Policy shall be endorsed to name the City of Richmond as an additional insured per the conditions detailed below.

Automobile Liability $1,000,000 per occurrence for bodily injury and property damage.

Builders’ Risk/Course of
Construction – Covers property
under construction, repair or
renovation as well as equipment
and materials to be installed.

(Only required for Construction
Projects involving property and
equipment installation.)
Coverage shall include all risks of direct physical loss, excluding earthquake, for an amount equal to the full completed value of the covered structure or replacement value of alterations or additions, including soft costs and business interruption.

If the project does not involve new or major reconstruction, an Installation Floater may be acceptable. For such projects, a property installation floater shall be obtained that provides for the improvement, remodel, modification, alteration, conversion or adjustment to existing buildings, structures, processes, machinery and equipment. The Property Installation Floater shall provide property damage coverage for any building, structure, machinery or equipment damaged, impaired, broken or destroyed during the performance of the Work, including during transit, installation and testing at the City of Richmond’s site.

The City of Richmond shall be named as loss payee as its interest may appear. The insurer shall waive all rights of subrogation against City.

Contractor’s Pollution Liability (if
applicable)
Protects against:
unexpected/unintended release of
pollution resulting from contractors
covered operations such as:

HVAC, paving, carpentry, pipeline
& tank installation, drillers,
remediation contractors,
maintenance, mechanical,
demolition, excavation, grading,
street/road construction,
residential & commercial builders.

Same limits as General Liability.

Required Policy Conditions
A. M. Best Rating A:VII or Better. If the A.M. Best Rating falls below the required rating, CONTRACTOR must replace coverage immediately and provide notice to City.

Additional Insured Endorsement

Applicable to General Liability Coverage.

The City of Richmond, its officers, officials, employees, agents and volunteers are to be named as additional insureds for all liability arising out of the operations by or on behalf of the named insured, including but not limited to bodily injury, deaths and property damage or destruction arising in any respect directly or indirectly in the performance of this contract.

ISO form CG 20 10 (11/85) or its equivalent is required. The endorsement must not
exclude products and completed operations
coverage. If it does, then CG 20 37 (10/01) is also required. 705
___ Exhibit F
___ Section 8
City of Richmond - Insurance Requirements – Type 1:

Consultants and Contractors

Type 1 – Page 3 of 4

Revised: September 2011
Additional Insured Endorsement
(continued)

SAMPLE Endorsements can be found at
http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/index.aspx?nid=61
Primary and Noncontributory The contractor’s insurance coverage must be primary coverage as it pertains to the City, its officers, officials, employees, agents and volunteers. Any insurance or self insurance maintained by the City is wholly separate from the insurance of the contractor and in no way relieves the contractor from its responsibility to provide insurance.

Waiver of Subrogation
Endorsement Form
Contractor’s insurer will provide a Waiver of Subrogation in favor of the City for Workers Compensation and Builder’s Risk/ Course of Construction coverage during the life of this contract.

SAMPLE Endorsements can be found at
http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/index.aspx?nid=61
Deductibles and Self-Insured
Retentions
Any deductible or self-insured retention must be declared to and approved by the City. At the option of the City either the insurer shall reduce or eliminate such deductibles or self-insured retention as respects the City or the CONTRACTOR shall procure a financial guarantee in an amount equal to the deductible or self-insured retention guaranteeing payment of losses and related investigations, claims administration and defense expenses.

Contractor is responsible for satisfaction of the deductible and/or self-insured retention for each loss.

Loss Payable Endorsement (only
required when Builder’s Risk
and/or Course of Construction
Insurance is required.)
Applicable to Builder’s Risk/Course of Construction naming the City of Richmond as Loss Payee.

SURETY BONDS
(If a Public Works/Engineering
Project)
The Contractor shall provide:

1. A Bid bond

2. A Performance Bond

3. A Payment Bond

Umbrella/Excess Liability Policies
If an Umbrella or Excess Liability Policy is used to meet the liability limits, coverage shall be as broad as specified for underlying coverages and cover those insured in the underlying policies.

Claims-Made Policies
If any insurance policy is written on a claims-made form: 1) the retroactive date must be shown, and must be before the date of the contract or the beginning of contract work. 2) Insurance must be maintained and evidence of insurance must be provided for at least five (5) years after completion of the contract of work. 3) If coverage is canceled or non- renewed, and not replaced with another claims-made policy form with a retroactive date prior to the contract effective date, the Contractor must purchase an extended period coverage for a minimum of five (5) years after completion of contract work.

Subcontractors

CONTRACTOR
shall include all subcontractors as insured under its policies or shall furnish to the City for review and approval, separate certificates and endorsements for each subcontractor. All coverage for subcontractors shall be subject to all of the requirements stated herein.

CONTRACTOR agrees to defend and indemnify the City of Richmond for any damage resulting to it from failure of either CONTRACTOR or any subcontractor to take out or maintain the required insurance policies. The fact that insurance is obtained by CONTRACTOR, and/or CONTRACTOR’s subcontractors, will not be deemed to release or diminish the liability of CONTRACTOR, including, without limitation, liability under the indemnity provisions of this contract. Damages recoverable by CITY from CONTRACTOR or any third party will not be limited by the amount of the required insurance coverage.
706
___ Exhibit F
___ Section 8
City of Richmond - Insurance Requirements – Type 1:

Consultants and Contractors

Type 1 – Page 4 of 4

Revised: September 2011

Verification of Coverage
All original certificates and endorsements shall be received and approved by the City before work may begin . The City
of Richmond reserves the right to require complete, certified copies of all required insurance policies including endorsements affecting the coverage at any time.

Original insurance certificates and required policy endorsements shall be mailed, or delivered to the Designated Project Manager for the City of Richmond.

Insurance certificates and endorsements may be faxed to the Designated Project Manager. However, Contractor must mail the original certificates and endorsements to Designated Project Manager once faxed.

Continuous Coverage
CONTRACTOR shall maintain the required insurance for the life of the contract. Should the CONTRACTOR cease to have insurance as required during this time, all work by the CONTRACTOR pursuant to this agreement shall cease until insurance acceptable to the City is provided. In the event that CONTRACTOR fails to comply with the City’s insurance requirements, the City may take such action as it deems necessary to protect the City’s interests. Such action may include but is not limited to termination of the contract, withholding of payments, or other actions as the City deems appropriate.

If services or the scope of work extend beyond the expiration dates of the required insurance policies initially approved by the City, CONTRACTOR must provide updated certificates and endorsements indicating that the required coverage, terms and conditions are still in place. Renewal certificates and updated endorsements shall be mailed to the Designated Project Manager.

Cancellation

CONTRACTOR shall ensure that coverage shall not be cancelled, reduced or otherwise materially changed except after thirty (30) days’ prior written notice has been given to the City.

Reporting Requirements

Any failure to comply with reporting or other provisions of the policies including breaches of warranties shall not affect coverage provided to the City, its officers, officials, employees or volunteers.

Consistent with Public Policy
The insuring provisions, insofar as they may be judged to be against public policy shall be void and unenforceable only to the minimum extent necessary so that the remaining terms and provisions herein may be consistent with public policy and thus enforceable.

707
Contract No: ________ For the Contract between the City of Richmond and
_____________________________

EXHIBIT G

SANCTUARY CITY COMPLIANCE STATEMENT

The undersigned, (hereafter "Contractor"), has had an opportunity to review the requirements of City of Richmond Ordinance 12-18 (hereafter "Sanctuary City Contracting Ordinance" or “SCCO”).

Contractor understands and agrees that the City may choose with whom it will maintain business relations and may refrain from contracting with any person or entity that provides Data Broker or Extreme Vetting services to the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Division of the United States Department of Homeland Security (“ICE”). Contractor understands the meaning of the following terms used in the SCCO:

a. "Data Broker” means either of the following:

i. The collection of information, including personal information about consumers, from a wide variety of sources for the purposes of reselling such information to their customers, which include both private-sector business and government agencies;

ii. The aggregation of data that was collected for another purpose from that for which it is ultimately used.

b. “Extreme Vetting” means data mining, threat modeling, predictive risk analysis, or other similar services."

Contractor understands that it is not eligible to receive or retain a City contract if at the time the Contract is executed, or at any time during the term of the Contract, it provides Data Broker or Extreme Vetting services to ICE.

Contractor further understands and agrees that Contractor's failure to comply with the SCCO shall constitute a material default of the Contract and the City Manager may terminate the Contract and bar Contractor from bidding on future contracts with the City for five (5) years from the effective date of the contract termination.

By executing this statement, Contractor certifies that it complies with the requirements of the SCCO and that if at any time during the term of the Contract it ceases to comply, Contractor will promptly notify the City Manager in writing. Any person or entity who knowingly or willingly supplies false information in violation of the SCCO shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to a $1,000 fine.

Based on the foregoing, the undersigned declares under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing is true and correct.

Printed Name: Title:

Signed: Date:

Business Entity:

J Majors & Associates
708

January 20, 2026

Mayor's Office

DATE: January 20, 2026
TO: Members of the City Council
FROM:

Mayor Eduardo Martinez

Subject:

Update to the State of the City Report by Mayor Eduardo Martinez
FINANCIAL IMPACT: There is no financial impact on receiving this item.

PREVIOUS COUNCIL
ACTION:

December 16, 2025

STATEMENT OF THE
ISSUE:

Richmond Mayor Eduardo Martinez will deliver a
presentation of the annual State of the City Report,
issued in December 2025, to the Richmond City Council
and the public.

RECOMMENDED ACTION: RECEIVE a presentation of the Annual State of the City Report from Mayor Eduardo Martinez – Mayor Eduardo
Martinez (510-620-6503).

DISCUSSION: Article III-A of the Charter of the City of Richmond requires the Mayor to make an annual report to the City Council regarding the conditions and affairs of the City.

AGENDA
REPORT
709

January 20, 2026

DOCUMENTS ATTACHED:

The State of the City report is available on the City of Richmond’s website. It can be found on the Mayor’s Office website (http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/3539/State-of- theCity), and you may e-mail [email protected] for assistance in obtaining a copy.

710

January 20, 2026

Economic Development
PORT

DATE: January 20, 2026
TO: Mayor Martinez and Members of the City Council
FROM:

Charles Gerard, Port Director
Emily Combs, Finance Director
Rita Martinez, Finance Manager
Lizeht Zepeda, Senior Business Assistance Officer
Kyle Lam, Management Analyst
Subject:

Port of Richmond Enterprise Fund Financial Overview
Report
FINANCIAL IMPACT: There is no fiscal impact for receiving this item.

PREVIOUS COUNCIL
ACTION:

October 21, 2025

STATEMENT OF THE
ISSUE:

This report provides the City Council with an overview of the Port of Richmond’s financial structure, including how Port revenues are generated through tariffs and leases, how those funds are used, and the funding mechanisms
the Port may access to fund larger infrastructure projects and improvements.

RECOMMENDED ACTION: RECEIVE the Port of Richmond Financial Report and presentation, which provides an overview of Port revenue sources, tariff structures, and funding mechanisms for
larger infrastructure projects – Economic
Development/Port (Charles Gerard 510-620-6792/Rita
Martinez 510-621-1546). This item was continued from
the December 16, 2025, and January 6, 2026,
meetings.

AGENDA
REPORT
711

January 20, 2026

DISCUSSION:

The Port of Richmond is one of five publicly owned ports in the San Francisco Bay Area and serves as the City’s international maritime gateway for automobile imports, liquid and dry bulk cargo, and general cargo. As an enterprise department, the Port currently operates independently of the City of Richmond’s (City) General Fund and is fully supported through the Port Enterprise Fund.

Port revenues are derived primarily from terminal real estate leases, local port tariffs, and associated service charges. These revenues support the Port’s operations, maintenance, capital improvement projects, debt service obligations, and administrative functions. All income generated through port activities is deposited into the Port Enterprise Fund and is used exclusively for port-related purposes and expenses.

The primary sources of Port operating revenue are:
 Port Tariffs: a formal public document issued by the Port and approved by City Council made up of fees charges, rules, compliance, and regulations. For example, fees are charged to vessels and cargo owners for use of port facilities.  Lease Revenues: Rent paid by tenants and terminal operators for long-term use of port property.
 Service Charges and Miscellaneous Income: Includes utility reimbursements, security fees, and facility use fees.

The Port’s tariff schedule establishes uniform rates for maritime services consistent with industry practices at other public ports. Key tariff components include:

 Dockage: Charges assessed to a vessel for occupying a berth alongside a wharf, pier, or terminal. Dockage is calculated based on the vessel’s length overall (LOA) and the duration of stay, typically measured in 24-hour periods.  Wharfage: Fees applied to cargo moving across the Port’s wharves. It is assessed per ton, per vehicle, or per measurement unit depending on the commodity type.
 Storage: Charges assessed for cargo or equipment remaining on the Port’s facilities beyond a free-time allowance. Storage fees encourage timely cargo movement and compensate for the use of valuable terminal space.

Tariff-based revenues fluctuate with vessel calls, cargo volumes, and tenant activity.

The Port periodically reviews and updates the tariff to maintain competitiveness and ensure cost recovery.

Port revenues are used to fund operational expenses and to invest in maintenance, capital improvements, repairs, and upgrades to Port facilities. Large infrastructure projects at the Port can be financed through mechanisms such as public-private partnerships, tenant-funded investments, grants, bond funding, and self-funding. The 712

January 20, 2026
successful Honda Port of Entry project at Point Potrero Marine Terminal (PPMT) and the development of the 200,000-square-foot Portside Commerce Center warehouse at Terminal 3 are examples of tenant-funded investments.

The Port’s financial performance is tied closely to maritime activity levels in the San Francisco Bay Area, global trade trends, and tenant stability. While the Port’s revenues vary from year to year, the Enterprise Fund has maintained a stable operating balance, supporting continued investment in infrastructure, environmental compliance, increased safety, and facility maintenance. This financial stability allows the Port to commence focus on longer-term strategic planning and economic development.

Port staff continue to pursue new tenants and business development opportunities to diversify revenue streams, generate positive economic activity, implement the Green- Blue New Deal and the Green Empowerment Zone, increase the maritime workforce, and ensure long-term sustainability for the Richmond Community and region.

SYNERGISTIC POLICIES:

This report aligns with the City Council’s Priority 2.5: Revitalization of the Port. As an Enterprise Fund, it is important for the Port to share financial data and provide ongoing and transparent updates to the City Council, staff, and the public regarding Port operations, revenue generation, and the Port’s contributions and benefits to the City of Richmond.

DOCUMENTS ATTACHED:

Attachment 1 – Port Enterprise Fund Financial Overview

713
Port Enterprise Fund Financial
Overview
December 16, 2025
Photo: Malcolm Wallace
Courtesy of East Bay EDA
DRAFT 12/9/25 RM
714
Agenda
• Port Enterprise Fund: Definition & Benefits
• Port as an “Economic Engine”
• Tenant Recap - Leases & Tariffs
• Port Financial Reports
• Loan Between City and Port
• Funding Point Potrero Marine Terminal Infrastructure
• Strategic Planning Process
2715
Enterprise Funds
Used by governments to account for operations that are
financed and operated like a private business
Revenues should be used solely for the operations of the enterprise activity
Should always
have enough
reserves to:
1) Manage risks (revenue shortfalls and
unexpected capital expenses)
2) Maintain creditworthiness with rating agencies
3) Pursue grants that require local funding matches
3716
Port Enterprise Fund
Revenues generated by the
Port (wharfage fees, dockage
fees, lease revenue) cannot be
used to fund unrelated
government activities.

A well-maintained, self-
sustaining port can have
many indirect economic benefits
to support other government
activities.
4 • Transparency and Accountability
• Facility Reinvestment
• Protects Taxpayer Dollars
• Performance Metrics and
Management
• Indirect and Induced Jobs
• Increased Sales and Property Tax
Revenues
• Business Attraction and Retention
• Innovation Hubs
717
Port as an “Economic Engine”
The Port supports jobs, trade, and investment, generating economic activity both directly and indirectly through its operations and tenants.
✓Job creation: The Port supports hundreds of local jobs in longshore work, auto processing, trucking, storage, and maintenance, as well as indirect jobs in retail and services. ✓Business activity: Port terminals manage a range of cargo and services creating steady demand for local businesses that provide logistics, fuel, and vessel services.
✓Revenue generation: The Port contributes to the City’s economy through business taxes and fees that support Port operations, staff, and reinvestment in the facilities.
✓Regional competitiveness: By providing a maritime
gateway, the Port attracts and retains industry in Richmond, supporting the City’s broader economic development goals.

Job Creation
Business
Activity
Revenue
Generation
Regional
Competitiveness
5718
Port as an “Economic Engine”
• Port invests over $2M on an annual
basis on capital projects, professional
services, staffing that keeps local
resources and businesses working.

Annual Port
Investment
• The Port’s Facilities Assessment project
has highlighted the need for significantly
more local investment on infrastructure
to improve Port facilities and services.

Future Port
Investments
• Port tenants pay approx. $430,000 in
business license and sales tax to the
City of Richmond’s General Fund.

Business
License and
Sales Tax
✓Job Creation
✓Business Activity
✓Revenue
Generation
✓Regional
Competitiveness
6719
Tenant Recap - Leases and Tariffs
Terminal LEASES TARIFFS
Term 2 AAK AAK
Term 3 Brookfield Properties (& Sause Tugs)
Term 4 Nematode Holdings (& Pt. San Pablo Harbor)
PPMT Foss Tugs Auto Warehousing Company
PPMT Marine Spill Response Corp (MSRC)
PPMT Dutra Group (Dredging Co.)
PPMT City Cruises / Alcatraz Cruises
PPMT National Response Corp / Republic Services
Non-Profit Tenants – No Lease Fee Notes
PPMT Red Oak Victory Ship, RMA Annual debt reduction benefit PPMT Northland Nautical, Sea Scouts Boating & waterfront skills for youth 7720
Port Lease Revenue
5-Year Trend
8 $1.8
$2.5 $2.4 $2.4
$2.6
$0.0
$0.5
$1.0
$1.5
$2.0
$2.5
$3.0
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

MILLIONS
721
Port Tariffs Explained
A Port Tariff is a schedule of fees and charges that sets the rates for the use of Port facilities and services.

Dockage
• Dockage is the fee charged to a ship for the use of the Port’s pier or wharf based on the length of the ship and the amount of time it is at the berth.

Wharfage
• Wharfage is the fee charged on cargo that moves across the Port’s wharf - loaded or unloaded from a ship.

Storage
• Storage is the fee charged when cargo or equipment stays on Port property for a period of time after unloading.
9722
Port Tariff Revenue
5-Year Trend
10 $8,660,533
$8,022,831 $8,256,873
$9,675,362
$8,505,171
$0
$2,000,000
$4,000,000
$6,000,000
$8,000,000
$10,000,000
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
AAK Dockage and Wharfage
AWC Dockage
AWC Wharfage and fees
Other Terminals
723
Port Revenues and Expenses
5-Year Comparison
11 $10.7
$11.3
$12.3
$13.9
$13.0
$6.3
$4.9
$5.5
$6.4
$5.8
$0.0
$2.0
$4.0
$6.0
$8.0
$10.0
$12.0
$14.0
$16.0
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

MILLIONS
Revenue Expense724
Statement of Net Position
5-Year Comparison
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Assets
Cash and investments 3,257,402 6,245,066 10,478,957 16,508,586 20,505,373 Restricted C&I, Receivables 6,180,056 6,058,034 6,252,342 6,039,820 6,258,708 Noncurrent assets - Lease Receivables 64,399,300 56,208,130 56,546,155 53,774,405 Capital assets 36,491,112 32,961,291 29,458,225 26,114,821 23,845,648 Deferred Outflows of Resources 233,714 98,098 233,884 257,769 184,147 Total Assets 46,162,285 109,761,789 102,631,538 105,467,151 104,568,282 Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilitles 321,914 313,689 176,264 412,557 596,679 Unearned Revenue & Deposits Payable 758,423 770,329 770,329 772,601 798,797 Bonds and Long-Term Debt Liability 13,701,169 9,182,363 4,485,306 OPEB and Pension Liability 2,188,877 600,840 898,587 1,255,393 1,111,794 Loan / Advance - General Fund 13,062,225 12,774,486 12,485,370 12,144,862 7,502,950 Deferred Inflows of Resources 279,191 63,839,388 54,687,576 54,289,144 50,786,734 Total Liabilities 30,311,798 87,481,094 73,503,432 68,874,558 60,796,954 Net Position (Defecit)
Net Investment in Capital Assets 36,491,112 32,961,291 29,458,225 26,114,821 23,845,648 Restricted for debt service 150,627 77,892 348,038 Unrestricted (20,791,253) (10,758,488) (678,157) 10,477,772 19,925,679 Total Net Position 15,850,487 22,280,695 29,128,106 36,592,593 43,771,327 12725
Port Assets, Liabilities, and Net Position
5-Year Trend
13 $46
$109.7
$102.6 $105.5 $104.5
$30
$87.5
$73.5
$68.9
$60.8
$15.8
$22.2
$29
$36.6M
$43.8
$3.2 $6.2
$10.5
$16.5M
$20.5
$-
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Millions
Assets
Liabilities
Net Position
Cash
726
Loan Between City and Port
Since 1977, the City has provided
services and advances to the Port.

Various Promissory Notes were later
combined and entered into as a Loan
Agreement. The General Fund loan
was used to cover operating deficits,
support capital improvements,
ensure continuity of services, and
bridge timing gaps.
• Total Amount: $17,139,855
• Term of Loan: 6/30/2005 to 6/30/2049
• Annual Principal Payment: $150,000
• Annual Offset for Red Oak Victory
Basin-5
14 $13,062,225 $12,774,486 $12,485,370 $12,144,862
$7,502,950
$0
$2,000,000
$4,000,000
$6,000,000
$8,000,000
$10,000,000
$12,000,000
$14,000,000
202 1 202 2 202 3 202 4 202 5

DEBT OWED TO GENERAL FUND
$4.5M one-time
payment in
FY2025
727
Funding Port Infrastructure
Public-Private Partnerships (P3s), Tenant
Funded
➢Leveraging long-term tenant leases and
development agreements to incentivize capital
investment.

State & Federal Grants
➢Pursuing USDOT Port Infrastructure
Development Grants and other grants to fund
investment.

Bond Funding
➢Evaluating the issuance of revenue bonds or
other municipal financing tools.

Self Funding
➢Directly investing from the Port Enterprise
account while also retaining funds needed for
grant local match.
15728
Strategic Plan Building Blocks
Strategic Plan
Economic Impact Study
Offshore Wind Study (CEC
Grant)
Land Use Considerations
and Restrictions
Port Framework
(SPA or non-SPA)
Infrastructure Assessment Completed
Underway w. Danny W.

Underway w. Danny W.

Starts January 2026
To be Procured/Executed
To be Procured/Executed
Strategic
Proactive
Optimized
16729
Draft Strategic Plan Tentative Timeline
17 730
Questions
Emily Combs
[email protected]
(510) 620-6790
Charles Gerard
[email protected]
(510) 620-6792
Rita Martinez
[email protected]
(510) 621-1546
18731