Attachment 9w - Draft EIR Appendix J - Drainage Study and WQMP — Riverside City Council, January 25, 2022

Riverside County has two drainage systems - sanitary sewers and storm drains.

The storm drain system is designed to help prevent flooding by carrying excess rainwater away from streets. Since the storm drain system does not provide for water treatment, it also serves the
function of transporting
pollutants directly to our waterways .

In recent years, awareness of the need
to protect water quality has increased.

As a result, federal, state, and local
programs have been established to
reduce polluted stormwater discharges to
our waterways. The emphasis of these
programs is to prevent stormwater
pollution since it’s much easier, and less
costly, than cleaning up “after the fact.”
unintended
Unlike sanitary sewers, storm
drains are not connected to a
treatment plant - they flow directly
to our local streams, rivers and
lakes.

DID YOU KNOW ...

National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) S t o r m W a t e rP o l l u t i o n...W h a ty o us h o u l dk n o w Many industrial facilities
and manufacturing operations
must obtain coverage under the
Industrial Activities Storm W ater
General Permit

FIND OUT

IF YOUR FACILITY

MUST OBTAIN A PERMIT
S t o r m W a t e rP o l l u t i o n...W h a ty o us h o u l dk n o w National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) In 1987, the Federal Clean Water Act was amended to establish a framework for regulating industrial stormwater discharges under the NPDES permit program. In California, NPDES permits are issued by the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and the nine (9) Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCB). In general, certain industrial facilities and manufacturing operations must obtain coverage under the Industrial Activities Storm Water General Permit if the type of facilities or operations falls into one of the several categories described in this brochure.

For more information on the General Industrial
Storm Water Permit contact:

State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB)
(916) 657-1146 or www.swrcb.ca.gov/ or, at your
Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB).

Santa Ana Region (8)
California T ower
3737 Main Street, Ste. 500
Riverside, CA 92501-3339
(909) 782-4130
San Diego Region (9)
9771 Clairemont Mesa Blvd., Ste. A
San Diego, CA 92124
(619) 467-2952
Colorado River Basin Region (7)
73-720 Fred Waring Dr., Ste. 100
Palm Desert, CA 92260
(760) 346-7491
StormWater
CleanWater

PROTECTION PROGRAM
SPILL RESPONSE AGENCY:

HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL:

RECYCLING INFORMATION:

TO REPORT ILLEGAL DUMPING OR A CLOGGED
STORM DRAIN:

HAZ-MAT: (909) 358-5055
(909) 358-5055
1-800-366-SAVE
1-800-506-2555
T o order additional brochures or to obtain information on other pollution prevention activities, call:
(909) 955-1111.

Riverside County gratefully acknowledges the State
Water Quality Control Board and the American Public
Works Association, Storm Water Quality T ask Force for
the information provided in this brochure.

DID YOU KNOW ...

YOUR FACILITY MAY

NEED AS TORM WATER
PERMIT?
For Information:

AB M Pi s...

How Do I Know If I Need A Permit? What are the requirements of the Industrial Activities Storm Water General Permit?
Following are of the
industry categories types that are regulated by the
Industrial Activities Storm Water General Permit.

Contact your local Region Water Quality Control
Board to determine if your facility/operation
requires coverage under the Permit.

Facilities such as cement manufacturing;
feedlots; fertilizer manufacturing; petroleum
refining; phosphate manufacturing; steam electric
power generation; coal mining; mineral mining
and processing; ore mining and dressing; and
asphalt emulsion;
general descriptions
Facilities classified as lumber and wood
products (except wood kitchen cabinets); pulp,
paper, and paperboard mills; chemical producers
(except some pharmaceutical and biological
products); petroleum and coal products; leather
production and products; stone, clay and glass
products; primary metal industries; fabricated
structural metal; ship and boat building and
repairing;
Active or inactive mining operations and
oil and gas exploration, production, processing, or
treatment operations;
Hazardous waste treatment, storage, or
disposal facilities;
/c220
/c220
/c220
/c220
/c220
/c220
/c220
/c220
/c220
/c220
Landfills, land application sites and open
dumps that receive or have received any industrial
waste; unless there is a new overlying land use
such as a golf course, park, etc., and there is no
discharge associated with the landfill;
Facilities involved in the recycling of
materials, including metal scrap yards, battery
reclaimers, salvage yards, and automobile
junkyards;
Steam electric power generating facilities,
facilities that generate steam for electric power by
combustion;
Transportation facilities that have vehicle
maintenance shops, fueling facilities, equipment
cleaning operations, or airport deicing operations.

This includes school bus maintenance facilities
operated by a school district;
Sewage treatment facilities;
Facilities that have areas where material
handling equipment or activities, raw materials,
intermediate products, final products, waste
materials, by-products, or industrial machinery
are exposed to storm water.

How do I obtain coverage under the
Industrial Activities Storm Water General Permit?
Obtain a permit application package from your local Regional Water Quality Control Board listed on the back of this brochure or the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). Submit a completed Notice of Intent (NOI) form, site map and the appropriate fee ($250 or $500) to the SWRCB. Facilities must submit an NOI thirty (30) days prior to beginning operation. Once you submit the NOI, the State Board will send you a letter acknowledging receipt of your NOI and will assign your facility a waste discharge identification number (WDID No.). You will also receive an annual fee billing. These billings should roughly coincide with the date the State Board processed your original NOI submittal.

WARNING: There are significant penalties for non-compliance: a minimum fine of $5,000 for failing to obtain permit coverage, and, up to $10,000 per day, per violation plus $10 per gallon of discharge in excess of 1,000 gallons. any
discharge to a storm drain system that is not
composed entirely of storm water. The following
non-storm water discharges are authorized by the
General Permit: fire hydrant flushing; potable
water sources, including potable water related to
the operation, maintenance, or testing of potable
water systems; drinking fountain water;
atmospheric condensates including refrigeration,
air conditioning, and compressor condensate;
irrigation drainage; landscape watering; springs;
non-contaminated ground water; foundation or
footing drainage; and sea water infiltration where
the sea waters are discharged back into the sea
water source.

A Non-Storm Water Discharge is...

The basic requirements of the Permit are:

The facility must eliminate any non-stormwater discharges or obtain a separate permit for such discharges.

The facility must develop and implement a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). The SWPPP must identify sources of pollutants that may be exposed to stormwater. Once the sources of pollutants have been identified, the facility operator must develop and implement Best Management Practices (BMPs) to minimize or prevent polluted runoff.

The facility must develop and implement a Monitoring Program that includes conducting visual observations and collecting samples of the facility’s storm water discharges associated with industrial activity. The General Permit requires that the analysis be conducted by a laboratory that is certified by the State of California.

The facility must submit to the Regional Board, every July 1, an annual report that includes the results of its monitoring program.

1. 2.

3. 4.

Guidance in preparing a SWPPP is available from a document prepared by the California Storm Water Quality Task Force called the California Storm Water Best Management Practice Handbook. a technique, process, activity,
or structure used to reduce the pollutant content of
a storm water discharge. BMPs may include
simple, non-structural methods such as good
housekeeping, staff training and preventive
maintenance. Additionally, BMPs may include
structural modifications such as the installation of
berms, canopies or treatment control (e.g. setting
basins, oil/water separators, etc.)

Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 10 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
Description
Non-stormwater discharges (NSWDs) are
flows that do not consist entirely of
stormwater. Some non-stormwater
discharges do not include pollutants and
may be discharged to the storm drain if local
regulations allow. These include
uncontaminated groundwater and natural
springs. There are also some non-
stormwater discharges that typically do not
contain pollutants and may be discharged to
the storm drain with conditions. These
include: potable water sources, fire hydrant
flushing, air conditioner condensate,
landscape irrigation drainage and landscape
watering, emergency firefighting, etc. as
discussed in Section 2.

However there are certain non-stormwater
discharges that pose an environmental
concern. These discharges may originate
from illegal dumping of industrial material
or wastes and illegal connections such as
internal floor drains, appliances, industrial
processes, sinks, and toilets that are illegally
connected to the nearby storm drainage
system through on-site drainage and piping.

These unauthorized discharges (examples of
which may include: process waste waters,
cooling waters, wash waters, and sanitary
wastewater) can carry substances such as
paint, oil, fuel and other automotive fluids,
chemicals and other pollutants into storm
drains.

Non-stormwater discharges will need to be
addressed through a combination of
detection and elimination. The ultimate
goal is to effectively eliminate unauthorized
non-stormwater discharges to the
stormwater drainage system through
implementation of measures to detect,
correct, and enforce against illicit
connections and illegal discharges of
Objectives

 Cover
 Contain
 Educate
 Reduce/Minimize
 Product Substitution
Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients 
Trash
Metals 
Bacteria 
Oil and Grease 
Organics 
Minimum BMPs Covered

Good Housekeeping 

Preventative
Maintenance

Spill and Leak
Prevention and
Response


Material Handling &
Waste Management

Erosion and
Sediment Controls

Employee Training
Program 

Quality Assurance
Record Keeping


Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 2 of 10 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
pollutants on streets and into the storm drain system and downstream water bodies.

Approach
Initially the Discharger must make an assessment of non-stormwater discharges to determine which types must be eliminated or addressed through BMPs. The focus of the following approach is the elimination of unauthorized non-stormwater discharges. See other BMP Fact Sheets for activity-specific pollution prevention procedures.

General Pollution Prevention Protocols
 Implement waste management controls described in SC-34 Waste Handling and Disposal.
 Develop clear protocols and lines of communication for effectively prohibiting non- stormwater discharges, especially those that are not classified as hazardous. These are often not responded to as effectively as they need to be.  Stencil or demarcate storm drains, where applicable, to prevent illegal disposal of pollutants. Storm drain inlets should have messages such as “Dump No Waste Drains to Stream” or similar stenciled or demarcated next to them to warn against ignorant or unintentional dumping of pollutants into the storm drainage system.  Manage and control sources of water such as hose bibs, faucets, wash racks, irrigation heads, etc. Identify hoses and faucets in the SWPPP, and post signage for appropriate use.

Non-Stormwater Discharge Investigation Protocols
Identifying the sources of non-stormwater discharges requires the Discharger to conduct an investigation of the facility at regular intervals. There are several categories of non- stormwater discharges:
 Visible, easily identifiable discharges, typically generated as surface runoff, such as uncontained surface runoff from vehicle or equipment washing; and  Non-visible, (e.g., subsurface) discharges into the site drainage system through a variety of pathways that are not obvious.

The approach to detecting and eliminating non-stormwater discharges will vary considerably, as discussed below:

Visible and identifiable discharges
 Conduct routine inspections of the facilities and of each major activity area and identify visible evidence of unauthorized non-stormwater discharges. This may include:
 Visual observations of actual discharges occurring;
Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 10 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Evidence of surface staining, discoloring etc. that indicates that discharges have occurred;
 Pools of water in low lying areas when a rain event has not occurred; and  Discussions with operations personnel to understand practices that may lead to unauthorized discharges.
 If evidence of non-stormwater discharges is discovered:
 Document the location and circumstances using Worksheets 5 and 6 (Section 2 of the manual), including digital photos;
 Identify and implement any quick remedy or corrective action (e.g., moving uncovered containers inside or to a proper location); and  Develop a plan to eliminate the discharge. Consult the appropriate activity- specific BMP Fact Sheet for alternative approaches to manage and eliminate the discharge.
 Consult the appropriate activity-specific BMP Fact Sheet for alternative approaches to manage and eliminate the discharge. Make sure the facility SWPPP is up-to-date and includes applicable BMPs to address the non-stormwater discharge.

Other Illegal Discharges (Non visible)
Illicit Connections
 Locate discharges from the industrial storm drainage system to the municipal storm drain system through review of “as-built” piping schematics.  Isolate problem areas and plug illicit discharge points.  Locate and evaluate discharges to the storm drain system.  Visual Inspection and Inventory:
 Inventory and inspect each discharge point during dry weather.  Keep in mind that drainage from a storm event can continue for a day or two following the end of a storm and groundwater may infiltrate the underground stormwater collection system.
 Non-stormwater discharges are often intermittent and may require periodic inspections.

Review Infield Piping
 A review of the “as-built” piping schematic is a way to determine if there are any connections to the stormwater collection system.

Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 4 of 10 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Inspect the path of loading/unloading area drain inlets and floor drains in older buildings.
 Never assume storm drains are connected to the sanitary sewer system.

Monitoring for investigation/detection of illegal discharges  If a suspected illegal or unknown discharge is detected, monitoring of the discharge may help identify the content and/or suggest the source. This may be done with a field screening analysis, flow meter measurements, or by collecting a sample for laboratory analysis. Section 5 and Appendix D describe the necessary field equipment and procedures for field investigations.
 Investigative monitoring may be conducted over time. For example if, a discharge is intermittent, then monitoring might be conducted to determine the timing of the discharge to determine the source.
 Investigative monitoring may be conducted over a spatial area. For example, if a discharge is observed in a pipe, then monitoring might be conducted at accessible upstream locations in order to pinpoint the source of the discharge.  Generally, investigative monitoring requiring collection of samples and submittal for lab analysis requires proper planning and specially trained staff.

Smoke Testing
Smoke testing of wastewater and stormwater collection systems is used to detect connections between the two piping systems. Smoke testing is generally performed at a downstream location and the smoke is forced upstream using blowers to create positive pressure. The advantage to smoke testing is that it can potentially identify multiple potential discharge sources at once.
 Smoke testing uses a harmless, non-toxic smoke cartridges developed specifically for this purpose.
 Smoke testing requires specialized equipment (e.g., cartridges, blowers) and is generally only appropriate for specially trained staff.  A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for smoke testing is highly desirable. The SOP should address the following elements:
 Proper planning and notification of nearby residents and emergency services is necessary since introducing smoke into the system may result in false alarms;  During dry weather, the stormwater collection system is filled with smoke and then traced back to sources;
Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 10 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Temporary isolation of segments of pipe using sand bags is often needed to force the smoke into leaking pipes; and
 The appearance of smoke in a waste vent pipe, at a sewer manhole, or even the base of a toilet indicates that there may be a connection between the sanitary and storm water systems.
 Most municipal wastewater agencies will have necessary staff and equipment to conduct smoke testing and they should be contacted if cross connections with the sanitary sewer are suspected. See SC-44 Drainage System Maintenance for more information.

Dye Testing
 Dye testing is typically performed when there is a suspected specific pollutant source and location (i.e., leaking sanitary sewer) and there is evidence of dry weather flows in the stormwater collection system.
 Dye is released at a probable upstream source location, either the facility’s sanitary or process wastewater system. The dye must be released with a sufficient volume of water to flush the system.
 Operators then visually examine the downstream discharge points from the stormwater collection system for the presence of the dye.  Dye testing can be performed informally using commercially available products in order to conduct an initial investigation for fairly obvious cross-connections.  More detailed dye testing should be performed by properly trained staff and follow SOPs. Specialized equipment such as fluorometers may be necessary to detect low concentrations of dye.
 Most municipal wastewater agencies will have necessary staff and equipment to conduct dye testing and they should be contacted if cross connections with the sanitary sewer are suspected.

TV Inspection of Drainage System
 Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) can be employed to visually identify illicit connections to the industrial storm drainage system. Two types of CCTV systems are available: (1) a small specially designed camera that can be manually pushed on a stiff cable through storm drains to observe the interior of the piping, or (2) a larger remote operated video camera on treads or wheels that can be guided through storm drains to view the interior of the pipe.
 CCTV systems often include a high-pressure water jet and camera on a flexible cable.

The water jet cleans debris and biofilm off the inside of pipes so the camera can take video images of the pipe condition.

Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 6 of 10 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 CCTV units can detect large cracks and other defects such as offsets in pipe ends caused by root intrusions or shifting substrate.
 CCTV can also be used to detect dye introduced into the sanitary sewer.  CCTV inspections require specialized equipment and properly trained staff and are generally best left to specialized contractors or municipal public works staff.

Illegal Dumping
 Substances illegally dumped on streets and into the storm drain systems and creeks may include paints, used oil and other automotive fluids, construction debris, chemicals, fresh concrete, leaves, grass clippings, and pet wastes. These wastes can cause stormwater and receiving water quality problems as well as clog the storm drain system itself.
 Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the following:
 Illegal dumping hot spots;
 Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes;
 Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year);  Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, “midnight dumping” from moving vehicles, direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills);  An anonymous tip/reporting mechanism; and
 Evidence of responsible parties (e.g., tagging, encampments, etc.).  One of the keys to success of reducing or eliminating illegal dumping is increasing the number of people at the facility who are aware of the problem and who have the tools to at least identify the incident, if not correct it. Therefore, train field staff to recognize and report the incidents.

Once a site has been cleaned:
 Post “No Dumping” signs with a phone number for reporting dumping and disposal.  Landscaping and beautification efforts of hot spots may also discourage future dumping, as well as provide open space and increase property values.  Lighting or barriers may also be needed to discourage future dumping.  See fact sheet SC-11 Spill Prevention, Control, and Cleanup.

Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 7 of 10 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
Inspection
 Regularly inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas where illegal dumping and disposal occurs.
 Conduct field investigations of the industrial storm drain system for potential sources of non-stormwater discharges.
 Pro-actively conduct investigations of high priority areas. Based on historical data, prioritize specific geographic areas and/or incident type for pro-active investigations.

Spill and Leak Prevention and Response
 On paved surfaces, clean up spills with as little water as possible. Use a rag for small spills, a damp mop for general cleanup, and absorbent material for larger spills. If the spilled material is hazardous, then the used cleanup materials are also hazardous and must be sent to a certified laundry (rags) or disposed of as hazardous waste.  Never hose down or bury dry material spills. Sweep up the material and dispose of properly.
 Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down the spill. Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly.  For larger spills, a private spill cleanup company or Hazmat team may be necessary.  See SC-11 Spill Prevention Control and Cleanup.

Employee Training Program
 Training of technical staff in identifying and documenting illegal dumping incidents is required. The frequency of training must be presented in the SWPPP, and depends on site-specific industrial materials and activities.
 Consider posting a quick reference table near storm drains to reinforce training.  Train employees to identify non-stormwater discharges and report discharges to the appropriate departments.
 Educate employees about spill prevention and cleanup.  Well-trained employees can reduce human errors that lead to accidental releases or spills. The employee should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill should one occur. Employees should be familiar with the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan. Employees should be able to identify work/jobs with high potential for spills and suggest methods to reduce possibility.  Determine and implement appropriate outreach efforts to reduce non-permissible non-stormwater discharges.

Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 8 of 10 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Conduct spill response drills annually (if no events occurred) in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan.
 When a responsible party is identified, educate the party on the impacts of his or her actions.

Quality Assurance and Record Keeping
Performance Evaluation
 Annually review internal investigation results; assess whether goals were met and what changes or improvements are necessary.
 Obtain feedback from personnel assigned to respond to, or inspect for, illicit connections and illegal dumping incidents.
 Develop document and data management procedures.
 A database is useful for defining and tracking the magnitude and location of the problem.
 Report prohibited non-stormwater discharges observed during the course of normal daily activities so they can be investigated, contained, and cleaned up or eliminated.  Document that non-stormwater discharges have been eliminated by recording tests performed, methods used, dates of testing, and any on-site drainage points observed.  Annually document and report the results of the program.  Maintain documentation of illicit connection and illegal dumping incidents, including significant conditionally exempt discharges that are not properly managed.  Document training activities.

Potential Limitations and Work-Arounds
Some facilities may have space constraints, limited staffing and time limitations that may preclude implementation of BMPs. Provided below are typical limitations and recommended “work-arounds.”
 Many facilities do not have accurate, up-to-date ‘as-built’ plans or drawings which may be necessary in order to conduct non-stormwater discharge assessments.  Online tools such as Google Earth™ can prov ide an aerial view of the facility and may be useful in understanding drainage patterns and potential sources of non- stormwater discharges
 Local municipal jurisdictions may have useful drainage systems maps.

Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 9 of 10 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Video surveillance cameras are commonly used to secure the perimeter of industrial facilities against break-ins and theft. These surveillance systems may also be useful for capturing illegal dumping activities. Minor, temporary adjustments to the field of view of existing surveillance camera systems to target known or suspected problem areas may be a cost-effective way of capturing illegal dumping activities and identifying the perpetrators.

Potential Capital Facility Costs and Operation & Maintenance Requirements
Facilities
 Capital facility cost requirements may be minimal unless cross-connections to storm drains are detected.
 Indoor floor drains may require re-plumbing if cross-connections are detected.  Leaky sanitary sewers will require repair or replacement which can have significant costs depending on the size and industrial activity at the facility.

Maintenance (including administrative and staffing)
 The primary effort is for staff time and depends on how aggressively a program is implemented.
 Costs for containment, and disposal of any leak or discharge is borne by the Discharger.
 Illicit connections can be difficult to locate especially if there is groundwater infiltration.
 Illegal dumping and illicit connection violations requires technical staff to detect and investigate them.

Supplemental Information
Permit Requirements
The IGP authorizes certain Non-Storm Water Discharges (NSWDs) provided BMPs are included in the SWPPP and implemented to:
 Reduce or prevent the contact of authorized NSWDs with materials or equipment that are potential sources of pollutants;
 Reduce, to the extent practicable, the flow or volume of authorized NSWDs;  Ensure that authorized NSWDs do not contain quantities of pollutants that cause or contribute to an exceedance of a water quality standards (WQS); and, Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 10 of 10 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Reduce or prevent discharges of pollutants in authorized NSWDs in a manner that reflects best industry practice considering technological availability and economic practicability and achievability.”
References and Resources
Center for Watershed Protection, 2004. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination: A Guidance Manual for Program Development and Technical Assessments, EPA Cooperative Agreement X-82907801-0.

Dublin San Ramon Sanitation District. http://www.dsrsd.com/wwrw/smoketest.html.

Sacramento Stormwater Management Program, Best Management Practices for Industrial Storm Water Pollution Control, Available online at:
http://www.msa.saccounty.net/sactostormwater/documents/guides/industrial-BMP- manual.pdf.

Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. http://www.scvurppp.org.

Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 2013. The California Microbial Source Identification Manual: A Tiered Approach to Identifying Fecal Pollution Sources to Beaches, Technical Report 804.

The Storm Water Managers Resource Center, http://www.stormwatercenter.net/.

US EPA. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. Available online at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=factsheet_res ults&view=specific&bmp=111.

WEF Press Alexandria, Virginia, 2009.Existing Sewer Evaluation and Rehabilitation:

WEF Manual of Practice No. FD-6 ASCE/EWRI Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 62, Third Edition.

Outdoor Loading/Unloading SC-30
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 6 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
Description
The loading/unloading of materials usually
takes place outside on docks or terminals;
therefore, materials spilled, leaked, or lost
during loading/unloading may collect in the
soil or on other surfaces and have the
potential to be carried away by wind,
stormwater runoff or when the area is
cleaned. Additionally, rainfall may wash
pollutants from machinery used to unload or
move materials. Implementation of the
following protocols will prevent or reduce the
discharge of pollutants to stormwater from
outdoor loading/unloading of materials.

Approach
Reduce potential for pollutant discharge
through source control pollution prevention
and BMP implementation. Successful
implementation depends on effective training
of employees on applicable BMPs and general
pollution prevention strategies and
objectives.

General Pollution Prevention
Protocols
 Park tank trucks or delivery vehicles in
designated areas so that spills or leaks
can be contained.
 Limit exposure of material to rainfall
whenever possible.
 Prevent stormwater run-on.
 Check equipment regularly for leaks.

Good Housekeeping
 Develop an operations plan that
describes procedures for loading
and/or unloading.
 Conduct loading and unloading in dry
weather if possible.

Objectives
 Cover
 Contain
 Educate
 Reduce/Minimize
 Product Substitution
Targeted Constituents
Sediment 
Nutrients 
Trash
Metals 
Bacteria
Oil and Grease 
Organics 
Minimum BMPs Covered
Good Housekeeping 
Preventative Maintenance
Spill and Leak Prevention
and Response 
Material Handling &
Waste Management 
Erosion and Sediment
Controls
Employee Training
Program 
Quality Assurance Record
Keeping 

Outdoor Loading/Unloading SC-30
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 2 of 6 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Cover designated loading/unloading areas to reduce exposure of materials to rain.  Consider placing a seal or door skirt between delivery vehicles and building to prevent exposure to rain.
 Design loading/unloading area to prevent stormwater run-on, which would include grading or berming the area, and position roof downspouts so they direct stormwater away from the loading/unloading areas.
 Have employees load and unload all materials and equipment in covered areas such as building overhangs at loading docks if feasible.  Load/unload only at designated loading areas.
 Use drip pans underneath hose and pipe connections and other leak-prone spots during liquid transfer operations, and when making and breaking connections.

Several drip pans should be stored in a covered location near the liquid transfer area so that they are always available, yet protected from precipitation when not in use. Drip pans can be made specifically for railroad tracks. Drip pans must be cleaned periodically, and drip collected materials must be disposed of properly.  Pave loading areas with concrete instead of asphalt.
 Avoid placing storm drains inlets in the area.
 Grade and/or berm the loading/unloading area with drainage to sump; regularly remove materials accumulated in sump.

Spill Response and Prevention Procedures
 Keep your spill prevention and control plan up-to-date or have an emergency spill cleanup plan readily available, as applicable.
 Contain leaks during transfer.
 Store and maintain appropriate spill cleanup materials in a location that is readily accessible and known to all employees.
 Ensure that employees are familiar with the site’s spill control plan and proper spill cleanup procedures.
 Use drip pans or comparable devices when transferring oils, solvents, and paints.

Material Handling and Waste Management
 Spot clean leaks and drips routinely to prevent runoff of spillage.  Do not pour liquid wastes into floor drains, sinks, outdoor storm drain inlets, or other storm drains or sewer connections.

Outdoor Loading/Unloading SC-30
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 6 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Do not put used or leftover cleaning solutions, solvents, and automotive fluids in the storm drain or sanitary sewer.
 Collect leaking or dripping fluids in drip pans or containers. Fluids are easier to recycle if kept separate.
 Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper waste or recycling drums. Do not leave drip pans or other open containers lying around.
 Minimize the possibility of stormwater pollution from outside waste receptacles by doing at least one of the following:
 Use only watertight waste receptacle(s) and keep the lid(s) closed.  Grade and pave the waste receptacle area to prevent run-on of stormwater.  Install a roof over the waste receptacle area.
 Install a low containment berm around the waste receptacle area.  Use and maintain drip pans under waste receptacles.
 Post “no littering” signs.
 Perform work area clean-up and dry sweep after daily operations.

Employee Training Program
 Train employees (e.g., fork lift operators) and contractors on proper spill containment and cleanup.
 Have employees trained in spill containment and cleanup present during loading/unloading.
 Train employees in proper handling techniques during liquid transfers to avoid spills.
 Make sure forklift operators are properly trained on loading and unloading procedures.

Quality Assurance and Record Keeping
 Keep accurate maintenance logs that document activities performed, quantities of materials removed, and improvement actions.
 Keep accurate logs of spill response actions that document what was spilled, how it was cleaned up, and how the waste was disposed.
 Establish procedures to complete logs and file them in the central office.  Keep accurate logs of daily clean-up operations.

Outdoor Loading/Unloading SC-30
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 4 of 6 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
Potential Limitations and Work-Arounds
Some facilities may have space constraints, limited staffing and time limitations that may preclude implementation of BMPs. Provided below are typical limitations and recommended “work-arounds.”
 Space and time limitations may preclude all transfers from being performed indoors or under cover.
 Designate specific areas for outdoor loading and unloading.  Require employees to understand and follow spill and leak prevention BMPs.  It may not be possible to conduct transfers only during dry weather.  Limit materials and equipment rainfall exposure to all extents practicable.  Require employees to understand and follow spill and leak prevention BMPs.

Potential Capital Facility Costs and Operation & Maintenance Requirements
Facilities
Many facilities will already have indoor or covered areas where loading/unloading takes place and will require no additional capital expenditures.

If outdoor activities are required, construction of berms or other means to retain spills and leaks may require appropriate constructed systems for containment. These containment areas may require significant new capital investment.

Capital investments will likely be required at some sites if adequate cover and containment facilities do not exist and can vary significantly depending upon site conditions.

Maintenance
Most of the operations and maintenance activities associated with implementing this BMP are integrally linked to routine operations as previously described. Therefore additional O&M is not required.
 Conduct regular inspections and make repairs and improvements as necessary.  Check loading and unloading equipment regularly for leaks.  Conduct regular broom dry-sweeping of area. Do not wash with water.

Supplemental Information
Loading and Unloading of Liquids
 Loading or unloading of liquids should occur in the manufacturing building so that any spills that are not completely retained can be discharged to the sanitary sewer, Outdoor Loading/Unloading SC-30
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 6 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
treatment plant, or treated in a manner consistent with local sewer authorities and permit requirements.
 For loading and unloading tank trucks to above and below ground storage tanks, the following procedures should be used:
 The area where the transfer takes place should be paved. If the liquid is reactive with the asphalt, Portland cement should be used to pave the area.  The transfer area should be designed to prevent run-on of stormwater from adjacent areas. Sloping the pad and using a curb, like a speed bump, around the uphill side of the transfer area should reduce run-on.  The transfer area should be designed to prevent runoff of spilled liquids from the area. Sloping the area to a drain should prevent runoff. The drain should be connected to a dead-end sump or to the sanitary sewer. A positive control valve should be installed on the drain.
 For transfer from rail cars to storage tanks that must occur outside, use the following procedures:
 Drip pans should be placed at locations where spillage may occur, such as hose connections, hose reels, and filler nozzles. Use drip pans when making and breaking connections.
 Drip pan systems should be installed between the rails to collect spillage from tank cars.

References and Resources
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Industrial Stormwater Best Management Practices Guidebook BMP 26 Fueling and Liquid Loading/Unloading Operations.

Available online at: http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view- document.html?gid=10557.

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 2013. Basic Industrial Stormwater General Permit Guidance Document NJPDES General Permit No NJ0088315. Available online at:
http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/pdf/5G2_guidance_color.pdf.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2013. Industrial Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual- BMP 26 Fueling and Liquid Loading/Unloading Operations. Available online at:
http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/wqpermit/docs/IndBMP021413.pdf.

Outdoor Loading/Unloading SC-30
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 6 of 6 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
Sacramento Stormwater Management Program, Best Management Practices for Industrial Storm Water Pollution Control. Available online at:
http://www.msa.saccounty.net/sactostormwater/documents/guides/industrial-BMP- manual.pdf.

Sacramento County Environmental Management Stormwater Program: Best Management Practices. Available online at:
http://www.emd.saccounty.net/EnvHealth/Stormwater/Stormwater-BMPs.html.

Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. http://www.scvurppp- w2k.com/.

US EPA. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System – Industrial Fact Sheet Series for Activities Covered by EPA’s Multi Sector General Permit. Available online at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/swsectors.cfm.

Waste Handling & Disposal SC-34
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 6 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
Description
Improper storage and handling of solid wastes
can allow toxic compounds, oils and greases,
heavy metals, nutrients, suspended solids, and
other pollutants to enter stormwater runoff.

The discharge of pollutants to stormwater from
waste handling and disposal can be prevented
and reduced by tracking waste generation,
storage, and disposal; reducing waste
generation and disposal through source
reduction, reuse, and recycling; and preventing
run-on and runoff.

General Pollution Prevention Protocols
 Accomplish reduction in the amount of
waste generated using the following source
controls:
 Production planning and sequencing;
 Process or equipment modification;
 Raw material substitution or
elimination;
 Loss prevention and housekeeping;
 Waste segregation and separation; and
 Close loop recycling.
 Establish a material tracking system to
increase awareness about material usage.

This may reduce spills and minimize
contamination, thus reducing the amount of
waste produced.
 Recycle materials whenever possible.

Objectives
 Cover
 Contain
 Educate
 Reduce/Minimize
 Product Substitution
Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals 
Bacteria 
Oil and Grease 
Organics 
Minimum BMPs Covered
Good Housekeeping 
Preventative
Maintenance 
Spill and Leak Prevention
and Response 
Material Handling &
Waste Management 
Erosion and Sediment
Controls 
Employee Training
Program 
Quality Assurance Record
Keeping 



Waste Handling & Disposal SC-34
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 2 of 6 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Use the entire product before disposing of the container.  To the extent possible, store wastes under cover or indoors after ensuring all safety concerns such as fire hazard and ventilation are addressed.  Provide containers for each waste stream at each work station. Allow time after shift to clean area.

Good Housekeeping
 Cover storage containers with leak proof lids or some other means. If waste is not in containers, cover all waste piles (plastic tarps are acceptable coverage) and prevent stormwater run-on and runoff with a berm. The waste containers or piles must be covered except when in use.
 Use drip pans or absorbent materials whenever grease containers are emptied by vacuum trucks or other means. Grease cannot be left on the ground. Collected grease must be properly disposed of as garbage.
 Dispose of rinse and wash water from cleaning waste containers into a sanitary sewer if allowed by the local sewer authority. Do not discharge wash water to the street or storm drain. Clean in a designated wash area that drains to a clarifier.  Transfer waste from damaged containers into safe containers.  Take special care when loading or unloading wastes to minimize losses. Loading systems can be used to minimize spills and fugitive emission losses such as dust or mist. Vacuum transfer systems can minimize waste loss.  Keep the waste management area clean at all times by sweeping and cleaning up spills immediately.
 Use dry methods when possible (e.g., sweeping, use of absorbents) when cleaning around restaurant/food handling dumpster areas. If water must be used after sweeping/using absorbents, collect water and discharge through grease interceptor to the sewer.
 Stencil or demarcate storm drains on the facility’s property with prohibitive message regarding waste disposal.
 Cover waste piles with temporary covering material such as reinforced tarpaulin, polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene or hypalon.
 If possible, move the activity indoor after ensuring all safety concerns such as fire hazard and ventilation are addressed.

Preventative Maintenance
 Prevent stormwater run-on from entering the waste management area by enclosing the area or building a berm around the area.
 Prevent waste materials from directly contacting rain.

Waste Handling & Disposal SC-34
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 6 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Cover waste piles with temporary covering material such as reinforced tarpaulin, polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene or hypalon.
 Cover the area with a permanent roof if feasible.
 Cover dumpsters to prevent rain from washing waste out of holes or cracks in the bottom of the dumpster.
 Check waste containers weekly for leaks and to ensure that lids are on tightly.

Replace any that are leaking, corroded, or otherwise deteriorating.  Sweep and clean the waste management area regularly. Use dry methods when possible (e.g., sweeping, vacuuming, use of absorbents) when cleaning around restaurant/food handling dumpster areas. If water must be used after sweeping/using absorbents, collect water and discharge through grease interceptor to the sewer.
 Inspect and replace faulty pumps or hoses regularly to minimize the potential of releases and spills.
 Repair leaking equipment including valves, lines, seals, or pumps promptly.

Spill Response and Prevention Procedures
 Keep your spill prevention and plan up-to-date.
 Have an emergency plan, equipment and trained personnel ready at all times to deal immediately with major spills.
 Collect all spilled liquids and properly dispose of them.  Store and maintain appropriate spill cleanup materials in a location known to all near the designated wash area.
 Ensure that vehicles transporting waste have spill prevention equipment that can prevent spills during transport. Spill prevention equipment includes:
 Vehicles equipped with baffles for liquid waste; and
 Trucks with sealed gates and spill guards for solid waste.

Material Handling and Waste Management
Litter Control
 Post “No Littering” signs and enforce anti-litter laws.  Provide a sufficient number of litter receptacles for the facility.  Clean out and cover litter receptacles frequently to prevent spillage.

Waste Collection
 Keep waste collection areas clean.

Waste Handling & Disposal SC-34
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 4 of 6 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Inspect solid waste containers for structural damage regularly. Repair or replace damaged containers as necessary.
 Secure solid waste containers; containers must be closed tightly when not in use.  Do not fill waste containers with washout water or any other liquid.  Ensure that only appropriate solid wastes are added to the solid waste container.

Certain wastes such as hazardous wastes, appliances, fluorescent lamps, pesticides, etc., may not be disposed of in solid waste containers (see chemical/ hazardous waste collection section below).
 Do not mix wastes; this can cause chemical reactions, make recycling impossible, and complicate disposal. Affix labels to all waste containers.

Chemical/Hazardous Wastes
 Select designated hazardous waste collection areas on-site.  Store hazardous materials and wastes in covered containers and protect them from vandalism.
 Place hazardous waste containers in secondary containment.  Make sure that hazardous waste is collected, removed, and disposed of only at authorized disposal areas.
 Hazardous waste cannot be reused or recycled; it must be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste hauler.

Quality Assurance and Record Keeping
 Keep accurate maintenance logs that document minimum BMP activities performed for waste handling and disposal, types and quantities of waste disposed of, and any improvement actions.
 Keep accurate logs of spill response actions that document what was spilled, how it was cleaned up, and how the waste was disposed.

Waste Handling & Disposal SC-34
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 6 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Establish procedures to complete logs and file them in the central office.

Potential Capital Facility Costs and Operation & Maintenance Requirements
Facilities
 Capital costs will vary substantially depending on the size of the facility and the types of waste handled. Significant capital costs may be associated with reducing wastes by modifying processes or implementing closed-loop recycling.  Many facilities will already have indoor covered areas where waste materials will be stored and will require no additional capital expenditures for providing cover.  If outdoor storage of wastes is required, construction of berms or other means to prevent stormwater run-on and runoff may require appropriate constructed systems for containment.
 Capital investments will likely be required at some sites if adequate cover and containment facilities do not exist and can vary significantly depending upon site conditions.

Maintenance
 Check waste containers weekly for leaks and to ensure that lids are on tightly.

Replace any that are leaking, corroded, or otherwise deteriorating.  Sweep and clean the waste management area regularly. Use dry methods when possible (e.g., sweeping, use of absorbents) when cleaning around restaurant/food handling dumpster areas. If water must be used after sweeping/using absorbents, collect water and discharge through grease interceptor to the sewer.  Inspect and replace faulty pumps or hoses regularly to minimize the potential of releases and spills.
 Repair leaking equipment including valves, lines, seals, or pumps promptly.

References and Resources
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Industrial Stormwater Best Management Practices Guidebook. Available online at: http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view- document.html?gid=10557.

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 2013. Basic Industrial Stormwater General Permit Guidance Document NJPDES General Permit No NJ0088315, Revised. Available online at:
http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/pdf/5G2_guidance_color.pdf.

Orange County Stormwater Program, Best Management Practices for Industrial/Commercial Business Activities. Available online at:
http://ocwatersheds.com/documents/bmp/industrialcommercialbusinessesactivities Waste Handling & Disposal SC-34
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 6 of 6 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2013. Industrial Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual- BMP 26 Fueling and Liquid Loading/Unloading Operations. Available online at:
http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/wqpermit/docs/IndBMP021413.pdf.

Sacramento Stormwater Management Program. Best Management Practices for Industrial Storm Water Pollution Control. Available online at:
http://www.msa.saccounty.net/sactostormwater/documents/guides/industrial-BMP- manual.pdf.

Sacramento County Environmental Management Stormwater Program: Best Management Practices. Available online at:
http://www.emd.saccounty.net/EnvHealth/Stormwater/Stormwater-BMPs.html.

Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. http://www.scvurppp- w2k.com/
US EPA. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System – Industrial Fact Sheet Series for Activities Covered by EPA’s Multi Sector General Permit. Available online at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/swsectors.cfm.

Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 7 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
Description
As a consequence of its function, the
stormwater drainage facilities on site convey
stormwater that may contain certain pollutants
either to the offsite conveyance system that
collects and transports urban runoff and
stormwater, or directly to receiving waters. The
protocols in this fact sheet are intended to
reduce pollutants leaving the site to the offsite
drainage infrastructure or to receiving waters
through proper on-site conveyance system
operation and maintenance. The targeted
constituents will vary depending on site
characteristics and operations.

Approach
Successful implementation depends on
effective training of employees on applicable
BMPs and general pollution prevention
strategies and objectives.

General Pollution Prevention Protocols
 Maintain catch basins, stormwater inlets,
and other stormwater conveyance
structures on a regular basis to remove
pollutants, reduce high pollutant
concentrations during the first flush of
storms, prevent clogging of the downstream
conveyance system, restore catch basins’
sediment trapping capacity, and ensure the
system functions properly hydraulically to
avoid flooding.
 Develop and follow a site specific drainage
system maintenance plan that describes
maintenance locations, methods, required
equipment, water sources, sediment
collection areas, disposal requirements, and
any other pertinent information.

Good Housekeeping
Illicit Connections and Discharges
 Look for evidence of illegal discharges or
illicit connections during routine
maintenance of conveyance system and
drainage structures:

Objectives

 Cover
 Contain
 Educate
 Reduce/Minimize
Targeted Constituents
Sediment 
Nutrients 
Trash 
Metals 
Bacteria 
Oil and Grease 
Organics 
Minimum BMPs Covered
Good Housekeeping 
Preventative
Maintenance 
Spill and Leak
Prevention and
Response

Material Handling &
Waste Management
Erosion and Sediment
Controls
Employee Training
Program 
Quality Assurance
Record Keeping 

Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 2 of 7 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Identify evidence of spills such as paints, discoloring, odors, etc.  Record locations of apparent illegal discharges/illicit connections.  Track flows back to potential discharges and conduct aboveground inspections.

This can be done through visual inspection of upgradient manholes or alternate techniques including zinc chloride smoke testing, fluorometric dye testing, physical inspection testing, or television camera inspection.  Eliminate the discharge once the origin of flow is established.  Stencil or demarcate storm drains, where applicable, to prevent illegal disposal of pollutants. Storm drain inlets should have messages such as “Dump No Waste Drains to Stream” or similar stenciled next to them to warn against ignorant or intentional dumping of pollutants into the storm drainage system.  Refer to fact sheet SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges for additional information.

Illegal Dumping
 Inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas regularly where illegal dumping and disposal occurs.
 Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the following:
 Illegal dumping hot spots;
 Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes;
 Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year);  Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, “midnight dumping” from moving vehicles, direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills); and  Responsible parties.
 Post “No Dumping” signs in problem areas with a phone number for reporting dumping and disposal. Signs should also indicate fines and penalties for illegal dumping.
 Refer to fact sheet SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges for additional information.

Preventative Maintenance
Catch Basins/Inlet Structures
 Staff should regularly inspect facilities to ensure compliance with the following:
 Immediate repair of any deterioration threatening structural integrity.  Cleaning before the sump is 40% full. Catch basins should be cleaned as frequently as needed to meet this standard.

Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 7 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Clean catch basins, storm drain inlets, and other conveyance structures before the wet season to remove sediments and debris accumulated during the summer.  Conduct inspections more frequently during the wet season for problem areas where sediment or trash accumulates more often. Prioritize storm drain inlets; clean and repair as needed.
 Keep accurate logs of the number of catch basins cleaned.  Store wastes collected from cleaning activities of the drainage system in appropriate containers or temporary storage sites in a manner that prevents discharge to the storm drain.
 Dewater the wastes if necessary with outflow into the sanitary sewer if permitted.

Water should be treated with an appropriate filtering device prior to discharge to the sanitary sewer. If discharge to the sanitary sewer is not allowed, water should be pumped or vacuumed to a tank and properly disposed. Do not dewater near a storm drain or stream.

Storm Drain Conveyance System
 Locate reaches of storm drain with deposit problems and develop a flushing schedule that keeps the pipe clear of excessive buildup.
 Collect and pump flushed effluent to the sanitary sewer for treatment whenever possible.

Pump Stations
 Clean all storm drain pump stations prior to the wet season to remove silt and trash.  Do not allow discharge to reach the storm drain system when cleaning a storm drain pump station or other facility.
 Conduct routine maintenance at each pump station.
 Inspect, clean, and repair as necessary all outlet structures prior to the wet season.

Open Channel
 Modify storm channel characteristics to improve channel hydraulics, increase pollutant removals, and enhance channel/creek aesthetic and habitat value.  Conduct channel modification/improvement in accordance with existing laws. Any person, government agency, or public utility proposing an activity that will change the natural state of any river, stream, or lake in California, must enter into a Steam or Lake Alteration Agreement with the Department of Fish and Wildlife. The developer-applicant should also contact local governments (city, county, special districts), other state agencies (SWRCB, RWQCB, Department of Forestry, Department of Water Resources), and Army Corps of Engineers and USFWS.

Spill Response and Prevention Procedures
 Keep your spill prevention control plan up-to-date.

Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 4 of 7 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Investigate all reports of spills, leaks, and/or illegal dumping promptly.  Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible or at a central location.
 Clean up all spills and leaks using “dry” methods (with absorbent materials and/or rags) or dig up, remove, and properly dispose of contaminated soil.

Employee Training Program
 Educate employees about pollution prevention measures and goals.  Train employees how to properly handle and dispose of waste using the source control BMPs described above.
 Train employees and subcontractors in proper hazardous waste management.  Use a training log or similar method to document training.  Ensure that employees are familiar with the site’s spill control plan and/or proper spill cleanup procedures.
 Have staff involved in detection and removal of illicit connections trained in the following:
 OSHA-required Health and Safety Training (29 CFR 1910.120) plus annual refresher training (as needed).
 OSHA Confined Space Entry training (Cal-OSHA Confined Space, Title 8 and Federal OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146).
 Procedural training (field screening, sampling, smoke/dye testing, TV inspection).

Quality Assurance and Record Keeping
 Keep accurate maintenance logs that document minimum BMP activities performed for drainage system maintenance, types and quantities of waste disposed of, and any improvement actions.
 Keep accurate logs of spill response actions that document what was spilled, how it was cleaned up, and how the waste was disposed.
 Keep accurate logs of illicit connections, illicit discharges, and illegal dumping into the storm drain system including how wastes were cleaned up and disposed.  Establish procedures to complete logs and file them in the central office.

Potential Limitations and Work-Arounds
Provided below are typical limitations and recommended “work-arounds” for drainage system maintenance:

Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 7 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
 Clean-up activities may create a slight disturbance for local aquatic species. Access to items and material on private property may be limited. Trade-offs may exist between channel hydraulics and water quality/riparian habitat. If storm channels or basins are recognized as wetlands, many activities, including maintenance, may be subject to regulation and permitting.
 Perform all maintenance onsite and do not flush accumulated material downstream to private property or riparian habitats.
 Storm drain flushing is most effective in small diameter pipes (36-inch diameter pipe or less, depending on water supply and sediment collection capacity). Other considerations associated with storm drain flushing may include the availability of a water source, finding a downstream area to collect sediments, and liquid/sediment disposal.
 Develop and follow a site specific drainage system maintenance plan that describes maintenance locations, methods, required equipment, water sources, sediment collection areas, disposal requirements, and any other pertinent information.
 Regulations may include adoption of substantial penalties for illegal dumping and disposal.
 Do not dump illegal materials anywhere onsite.
 Identify illicit connections, illicit discharge, and illegal dumping.  Cleanup spills immediately and properly dispose of wastes.  Local municipal codes may include sections prohibiting discharge of soil, debris, refuse, hazardous wastes, and other pollutants into the sanitary sewer system.  Collect all materials and pollutants accumulated in drainage system and dispose of according to local regulations.
 Install debris excluders in areas with a trash TMDL.

Potential Capital Facility Costs and Operation & Maintenance Requirements
Facilities
 Capital costs will vary substantially depending on the size of the facility and characteristics of the drainage system. Significant capital costs may be associated with purchasing water trucks, vacuum trucks, and any other necessary cleaning equipment or improving the drainage infrastructure to reduce the potential .  Developing and implementing a site specific drainage system maintenance plan will require additional capital if a similar program is not already in place.

Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 6 of 7 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
Maintenance
 Two-person teams may be required to clean catch basins with vactor trucks.  Teams of at least two people plus administrative personnel are required to identify illicit discharges, depending on the complexity of the storm sewer system.  Arrangements must be made for proper disposal of collected wastes.  Technical staff are required to detect and investigate illegal dumping violations.  Methods used for illicit connection detection (smoke testing, dye testing, visual inspection, and flow monitoring) can be costly and time-consuming. Site-specific factors, such as the level of impervious area, the density and ages of buildings, and type of land use will determine the level of investigation necessary.

Supplemental Information
Storm Drain Flushing
Flushing is a common maintenance activity used to improve pipe hydraulics and to remove pollutants in storm drainage systems. Flushing may be designed to hydraulically convey accumulated material to strategic locations, such as an open channel, another point where flushing will be initiated, or the sanitary sewer and the treatment facilities, thus preventing re-suspension and overflow of a portion of the solids during storm events. Flushing prevents “plug flow” discharges of concentrated pollutant loadings and sediments. Deposits can hinder the designed conveyance capacity of the storm drain system and potentially cause backwater conditions in severe cases of clogging.

Storm drain flushing usually takes place along segments of pipe with grades that are too flat to maintain adequate velocity to keep particles in suspension. An upstream manhole is selected to place an inflatable device that temporarily plugs the pipe. Further upstream, water is pumped into the line to create a flushing wave. When the upstream reach of pipe is sufficiently full to cause a flushing wave, the inflated device is rapidly deflated with the assistance of a vacuum pump, thereby releasing the backed up water and resulting in the cleaning of the storm drain segment.

To further reduce impacts of stormwater pollution, a second inflatable device placed well downstream may be used to recollect the water after the force of the flushing wave has dissipated. A pump may then be used to transfer the water and accumulated material to the sanitary sewer for treatment. In some cases, an interceptor structure may be more practical or required to recollect the flushed waters.

It has been found that cleansing efficiency of periodic flush waves is dependent upon flush volume, flush discharge rate, sewer slope, sewer length, sewer flow rate, sewer diameter, and population density. As a rule of thumb, the length of line to be flushed should not exceed 700 feet. At this maximum recommended length, the percent removal efficiency ranges between 65-75% for organics and 55-65% for dry weather grit/inorganic material. The percent removal efficiency drops rapidly beyond that.

Water is commonly supplied by a water truck, but fire hydrants can also supply water.

To make the best use of water, it is recommended that reclaimed water be used if allowed or that fire hydrant line flushing coincide with storm sewer flushing.

Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
September 2014 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 7 of 7 Industrial and Commercial
www.casqa.org
References and Resources
City of Seattle, Seattle Public Utilities Department of Planning and Development, 2009.

Stormwater Manual Vol. 1 Source Control Technical Requirements Manual.

Knox County Tennessee Stormwater Management Manual Chapter 5 Drainage System Maintenance, 2008. Available online at:
http://www.knoxcounty.org/stormwater/manual/Volume%201/knoxco_swmm_v1_cha p5_jan2008.pdf.

US EPA. Storm Drain System Cleaning, 2012. Available online at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=browse&Rbut ton=detail&bmp=102.

ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS
Filterra®
High Performance Bioretention

Your Contech Team
Contech is the leader in stormwater solutions,
helping engineers, contractors and owners with
infrastructure and land development projects
throughout North America.

With our responsive team of stormwater experts,
local regulatory expertise and flexible solutions,
Contech is the trusted partner you can count on for
stormwater management solutions.

The experts you need to
solve your stormwater challenges

STORMWATER

CONSULTANT
It’s my job to recommend
the best solution to meet
permitting requirements.

STORMWATER

DESIGN ENGINEER
I work with consultants to design
the best approved solution to
meet your project’s needs.

REGULATORY MANAGER
I understand the local stormwater
regulations and what solutions
will be approved.

SALES ENGINEER
I make sure our solutions
meet the needs of the contractor
during construction.

Contech is your partner in stormwater management solutions Filterra is an engineered high-performance bioretention system. While it operates similar to traditional bioretention, its high flow media allows for a reduction in footprint of up to 95% versus traditional bioretention practices. Filterra provides a Low Impact Development (LID) solution for tight, highly developed sites such as urban development projects, commercial parking lots, residential streets, and streetscapes.

Its small footprint also reduces installation and life cycle costs versus traditional bioretention. Filterra can be configured in many different ways to enhance site aesthetics, integrate with other LID practices, or increase runoff reduction through infiltration below or downstream of the system.

At the Manchester Stormwater
Park seen above, the Filterra
systems surrounding the central
courtyard allowed for the creation
of a community space with parking,
sidewalks, and benches in a quaint
downtown area. A traditional
bioretention system treating the
same drainage area would have
occupied the entire park area leaving
no room for these amenities.

Low Impact Development in a
Small Footprint – Filterra®
®
®

ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS
Filterra® High Performance
Bioretention
Using nature to facilitate Stormwater Management
Tested in the field and laboratory ...

1. Stormwater enters the Filterra through a pipe, curb inlet, or sheet flow and ponds over the pretreatment mulch layer, capturing heavy sediment and debris. Organics and microorganisms within the mulch trap and degrade metals and hydrocarbons. The mulch also provides water retention for the system’s vegetation.

2. Stormwater flows through engineered Filterra media which filters fine pollutants and nutrients. Organic material in the media removes dissolved metals and acts as a food source for root-zone microorganisms. Treated water exits through an underdrain pipe or infiltrates (if designed accordingly).

3. Rootzone microorganisms digest and transform pollutants into forms easily absorbed by plants.

4. Plant roots absorb stormwater and pollutants that were transformed by microorganisms, regenerating the media’s pollutant removal capacity. The roots grow, provide a hospitable environment for the rootzone microorganisms and penetrate the media, maintaining hydraulic conductivity.

5. The plant trunk and foliage utilize nutrients such as Nitrogen and Phosphorus for plant health, sequester heavy metals into the biomass, and provide evapotranspiration of residual water within the system.

How the Filterra® Works
Plants and organic material are
vital to the long term performance
of bioretention systems
1 2
5 4
3 1
2 3
4 5

FEATURE BENEFITS
High biofiltration media flow rate (up to 140”/hr+) Greatly reduced footprint versus traditional bioretention and LID solutions
Filterra system is packaged, including all components
necessary for system performance Quality control for easy, fast and successful installation Quick and easy maintenance Low lifecycle costs
Variety of configurations and aesthetic options Integrates easily into any site or landscape plan Natural stormwater management processes featuring
organics and vegetation
Meets Low Impact Development requirements and ensures
long-term performance
Filterra is approved through numerous local, state and
federal verification programs, including:

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJ DEP) Washington Department of Ecology (GULD) – Basic, Enhanced, Phosphorus, and Oil
Maryland Department of the Environment - Environmental Site Design (ESD)
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ)
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VA DEQ)
Maine Department of Environmental Protection (ME DEP)
Atlanta, GA Regional Commission
Los Angeles County, CA - Alternate to Attachment H
City of Portland, Oregon Bureau of Environmental Services North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ) Filterra® Features and Benefits
Select Filterra® Approvals
The Filterra system can
be configured with many
different aesthetic options

ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS
Filterra® Performance Testing Results

APPLICATION TIPS
• The Filterra system has
been tested under industry
standard protocols and has
proven its pollutant removal
performance and system
longevity.
• Contech invests significant
resources in media blending
calibration and product
testing to ensure our media
meets our strict performance
specifications every time .
• Keep regulators and owners
happy by selecting a product
with predictable and proven
maintenance longevity.

POLLUTANT OF

CONCERN

MEDIAN REMOVAL

EFFICIENCY

MEDIAN EFFLUENT

CONCENTRATION (MG/L)
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 86% 3.3
Total Phosphorus - TAPE (TP) 70% 0.05
Total Nitrogen (TN) 34% 0.54
Total Copper (TCu) 55% 0.004
Total Dissolved Copper 43% 0.003
Total Zinc (TZn) 56% 0.04
Total Dissolved Zinc 54% 0.1
Total Zinc (TZn) 56% 0.04
Total Petroleum
Hydrocarbons 87% 0.71
Sources:

UVA (TARP) Field Study - 2006
Herrera (TAPE) Study - 2009
Herrera (TAPE) Study - 2014
NC State Study - 2015
Each batch of Filterra® media has
been extensively tested to ensure
consistent performance every time.

Note: Some jurisdictions recognize higher removal rates. Contact your Contech Stormwater Consultant for performance expectations.

Field tested and performance verified
Filterra® Maintenance
Activation and first year of maintenance is
included with every system.*
With proper routine maintenance, the engineered
media within the Filterra system should last as long as traditional bioretention media. Routine maintenance is
included by the manufacturer on all Filterra systems for the first year after activation.* This includes a maximum of 2 visits to remove debris, replace pretreatment mulch, and prune the vegetation.

Maintenance is low-cost, low-tech and simple:

Remove trash, sediment, and mulch
Replace with a fresh 3” layer of mulch
No confined space entry or special tools
Easily performed by landscape contractor or facilities
maintenance provider
Filterra offers high performance
bioretention for advanced pollutant
removal with easy maintenance.

Plant health evaluation and pruning
is important to encourage growth.

All stormwater treatment systems require
maintenance for effective operation.
* Some exclusions may apply.

ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS
Multiple configurations allow for easy site integration Filterra® Configurations
Multiple system configurations integrate with
site hydraulic design and layout ...

The Filterra is available in a variety of precast configurations as well as Filterra Bioscape, which can be installed directly into an excavated basin.

Bypass via downstream catch basin.

Bypass via downstream catch basin.
*Additional configurations available, including offline - pipe, peak diversion - grate, and internal bypass curb-chamber.

Filterra Internal
Bypass Curb
BYPASS

FILTERED
Filterra Peak
Diversion
BYPASS

FILTERED
Filterra Sedimentation
Chamber

FILTERED
Filterra Offline

FILTERED
Filterra® Bioscape®
Configurations
Filterra Bioscape
Vault Offline
*Additional configurations available, including bioscape vault offline pipe.

Bypass via downstream catch basin.

ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS
Filterra Bioscape
Bypass via upstream structure.

Multiple inlet options.

FILTERED
Filterra Bioscape
Vault Basin
Bypass via upstream structure.

Multiple inlet options.

FILTERED

FILTERED
Standard Tree Grate
Recessed Top Slab
Custom/Decorative Tree Grate
Open Top Planter - Filterra Bioscape
Full Grate with Grasses
Street Tree
An aesthetic solution to meet your bioretention needs
Filterra® Aesthetic
Options
Multiple aesthetic options to enhance the
appearance and integrate with landscaping ...

Filterra® Bioscape®
Large-scale Filterra that can be customized to your site ...

Ideal for Filterra systems greater than 300 square feet Design with or without containment structure
Incorporate infiltration directly below the system, where required Combine with upstream storage or downstream infiltration Use as an alternative to larger regional traditional bioretention systems Easily add pretreatment Hydrodynamic Separator for large-scale or heavy pollutant loading applications

ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS
Few companies offer the wide range of high-
quality stormwater resources you can find with
us — state-of-the-art products, decades of
expertise, and all the maintenance support you
need to operate your system cost-effectively.

Get social with us:
800-338-1122 | www.ContechES.com
NOTHING IN THIS CATALOG SHOULD BE CONSTRUED AS A WARRANTY. APPLICATIONS

SUGGESTED HEREIN ARE DESCRIBED ONLY TO HELP READERS MAKE THEIR OWN EVALUATIONS

AND DECISIONS, AND ARE NEITHER GUARANTEES NOR WARRANTIES OF SUITABILITY FOR ANY APPLICATION. CONTECH MAKES NO WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, RELATED TO THE APPLICATIONS, MATERIALS, COATINGS, OR PRODUCTS DISCUSSED HEREIN. ALL IMPLIED

WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED BY CONTECH. SEE CONTECH’S CONDITIONS OF SALE (AVAILABLE AT WWW.CONTECHES.COM/COS) FOR MORE INFORMATION. © 2019 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC, a QUIKRETE Company All Rights Reserved. Printed in the USA.

ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS
A partner
you can rely on

THE CONTECH WAY
Contech® Engineered Solutions provides innovative, cost-effective site solutions to engineers, contractors, and developers on projects across North America. Our portfolio includes bridges, drainage, erosion control, retaining wall, sanitary sewer and stormwater management products.

TAKE THE NEXT STEP
For more information: www.ContechES.com

STORMWATER

SOLUTIONS
PIPE

SOLUTIONS

STRUCTURES

SOLUTIONS

Riverside City CouncilJanuary 25, 2022

Riverside City Council
January 25, 2022