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1 Redistricting 2022
August 2, 2022
Redistricting Partners
Experience
Redistricting Partners has conducted over 100 CVRA and
FAIR MAPS Act redistricting projects over the last decade and was the line drawer for five of the ten largest cities, including the first Long Beach Independent Redistricting Commission, the cities of San Jose, Oakland, Bakersfield, and Los Angeles.
The work has extended outside of California into several states and the State of New York Independent
Redistricting Commission and New York City Districting
Commission.
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2 Redistricting Partners
Team / Background
The team for this redistricting includes experts in
redistricting and outreach, with a support team to ensure smooth workflow and completion.
• Paul Mitchell, Owner of Redistricting Partners
• Chris Chaffee, Chief Operating Officer
• Liz Stitt, Redistricting Manager & Project Lead
Overview
This presentation will cover a range of topics to provide background on the redistricting process, census data, and our timeline.
‐ The Processes under the Fair Maps Act
‐ What is Redistricting?
‐ State and Federal Voting Rights Act
‐ Required Redistricting Criteria
‐ Census Data
‐ Public Outreach Timeline
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3 Overview
This presentation will cover a range of topics to provide background on the redistricting process, census data, and our timeline.
‐ The Processes under the Fair Maps Act
‐ What is Redistricting?
‐ State and Federal Voting Rights Act
‐ Required Redistricting Criteria
‐ Census Data
‐ Public Outreach Timeline
The Redistricting Process
Under the Fair Maps Act
The City of Riverside is required to hold at least four hearings under the Fair Maps Act (FMA).
• One to two pre‐map hearings to collect community of interest testimony
• Two map hearings to discuss proposed maps, the second hearing can be the final if selected map has been identified as a draft plan and been public for seven days.
• An optional final hearing to pass the final map
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4 The Redistricting Process
Under the Fair Maps Act
Other required parts of the process are intended to create a fair and transparent redistricting:
• Encourage public engagement by reaching out to media and community‐based organizations.
• Language outreach and creating opportunity for public to attend hearings, including requiring at least one evening / weekend outreach hearing.
• Posting of all redistricting commission information on a website that is maintained for the next 10 years.
Overview
This presentation will cover a range of topics to provide background on t redistricting process, census data, and our timeline.
‐ The Processes under the Fair Maps Act
‐ What is Redistricting?
‐ State and Federal Voting Rights Act
‐ Required Redistricting Criteria
‐ Census Data
‐ Public Outreach Timeline
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5 What is Redistricting?
Redistricting is at its core the act of equalizing population among districts.
This is important in order to meet two requirements ‐ one constitutional, one from Supreme Court precedent:
‐ Equal Representation (14th Amendment) ‐ how effective any resident can be at advocating for themselves or being represented within a jurisdiction.
‐ One Person One Vote ‐ equal ability to elect a candidate of choice.
Overview
This presentation will cover a range of topics to provide background on the redistricting process, census data, and our timeline.
‐ The Processes under the Fair Maps Act
‐ What is Redistricting?
‐ State and Federal Voting Rights Act
‐ Required Redistricting Criteria
‐ Census Data
‐ Public Outreach Timeline
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6 What is the Voting Rights Act?
The Voting Rights Act is federal law that seeks to remedy racial disenfranchisement. I t has two sections impacting redistricting:
Section 2 – Majority Minority Districts
Section 5 – Preclearance (inactive)
The California Voting Rights Act does not apply to the City of Riverside as it deals only with agencies with “at large” elections.
Overview
This presentation will cover a range of topics to provide background on the redistricting process, census data, and our timeline.
‐ The Processes under the Fair Maps Act
‐ What is Redistricting?
‐ State and Federal Voting Rights Act
‐ Required Redistricting Criteria
‐ Census Data
‐ Public Outreach Timeline
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7 Required Redistricting Criteria
Ranked criteria that must be followed in city redistricting There are a number of criteria that are required under the FAIR MAPS Act (ranked):
•Relatively equal size ‐ people, not citizens
•Contiguous – districts should not hop/jump
•Maintain “communities of interest”
• Easily identifiable and understandable lines,
following city, natural, and man‐made boundaries
•Keep districts compact – appearance/function
Required Redistricting Criteria
Ranked criteria that must be followed in city redistricting There are a number of criteria that are required under the FAIR MAPS Act (ranked):
•Relatively equal size ‐ people, not citizens
•Contiguous – districts should not hop/jump
•Maintain “communities of interest”
• Easily identifiable and understandable lines,
following city, natural, and man‐made boundaries
•Keep districts compact – appearance/function
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8 Equal Population
Utilizing the U.S. Census Decennial File
What is “equal” population has been a key subject in
redistricting litigation.
• Population Equality is based
on “People” not citizens
or voters or other metrics.
• The metric used is called
“deviation” which is a measure
of how close a district is to equal size.
Required Redistricting Criteria
Ranked criteria that must be followed in city redistricting There are a number of criteria that are required under the FAIR MAPS Act (ranked):
•Relatively equal size ‐ people, not citizens
•Contiguous – districts should not hop/jump
•Maintain “communities of interest”
• Easily identifiable and understandable lines,
following city, natural, and man‐made boundaries
•Keep districts compact – appearance/function
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9 Contiguity
Two definitions for what is contiguous
Contiguity should be thought of as “literal” and
“functional.”
• An area that is one whole
piece is “literally contiguous.”
• An area that represents
how the population functions
or how people are connected
is “functionally contiguous.”
Required Redistricting Criteria
Ranked criteria that must be followed in city redistricting There are a number of criteria that are required under the FAIR MAPS Act (ranked):
•Relatively equal size ‐ people, not citizens
•Contiguous – districts should not hop/jump
•Maintain “communities of interest”
• Easily identifiable and understandable lines,
following city, natural, and man‐made boundaries
•Keep districts compact – appearance/function
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10 Communities of Interest
Bringing like people together for representation
A community of interest is a population residing close
to one another that shares social and economic
interests and would benefit from being districted
together to ensure effective and fair representation.
• Many more, including:
• Senior Citizens or Students
• Downtown / Urban
• Rural or Agricultural
• Homeowners or Renters
• Wilderness – Urban Interface
Communities of Interest
Bringing like people together for representation
When discussing historically disadvantaged
neighborhoods, “Two is not better than one.”
“…maintaining a neighborhood in a manner that
‘minimizes its divisions’ and preserving the local
neighborhood ‘to the extent practicable.’”
This is done to preserve communities and maximize
representative and voting power for groups even
outside of the Voting Rights Act requirements.
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11 Required Redistricting Criteria
Ranked criteria that must be followed in city redistricting There are a number of criteria that are required under the FAIR MAPS Act (ranked):
•Relatively equal size ‐ people, not citizens
•Contiguous – districts should not hop/jump
•Maintain “communities of interest”
• Easily identifiable and understandable lines,
following city, natural, and man‐made boundaries
•Keep districts compact – appearance/function
Easily Identifiable and Understandable Lines
Using logical boundaries to divide wards
FAIR MAPS Act:
Council district boundaries should be easily identifiable and understandable by residents. To the extent practicable, council districts shall be bounded by natural and artificial barriers, by streets, or by the boundaries of the city
Examples of natural boundaries:
• Rivers/Creeks
• Mountains
Examples of artificial or man‐made
boundaries:
• Highways
• Train tracks
• Main roads
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12 Required Redistricting Criteria
Ranked criteria that must be followed in city redistricting There are a number of criteria that are required under the FAIR MAPS Act (ranked):
•Relatively equal size ‐ people, not citizens
•Contiguous – districts should not hop/jump
•Maintain “communities of interest”
• Easily identifiable and understandable lines,
following city, natural, and man‐made boundaries
•Keep districts compact – appearance/function
Compactness
Determining what is “compact”
California has a rather elegant/simple
definition.
• Not bypassing nearby populated
areas in favor of more distant
populated areas
Other states require mathematical
formulas or have have simply outlawed
“funny shapes”
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13 Overview
This presentation will cover a range of topics to provide background on the redistricting process, census data, and our timeline.
‐ The Processes under the Fair Maps Act
‐ What is Redistricting?
‐ State and Federal Voting Rights Act
‐ Required Redistricting Criteria
‐ Census Data
‐ Public Outreach Timeline
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14 Total deviation = |highest pop. ward deviation%| + |smallest pop. ward deviation%| Total Deviation: 7.1%
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16 Ward 2010 Total
Pop.
2020 Total
Pop.
2020
Dev.
Change Change%
1 42,842 44,769 1.0% 1,927 4.5%
2 44,124 46,179 2.2% 2,055 4.7%
3 42,358 44,293 2.0% 1,935 4.6%
4 44,081 44,460 1.7% 379 0.9%
5 41,934 43,553 3.7% 1,619 3.9%
6 45,043 47,220 4.5% 2,177 4.8%
7 43,529 45,971 1.7% 2,442 5.6%
Total Deviation: 8.2%
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17 Public Outreach Timeline (tentative)
Location Date
Ward 2 Cesar Chavez Community Center/Bobby Bonds Park 8/23/2022 Ward 1 Main Library Community Room‐ 8/24/2022
Ward 4 Ysmael Villegas Community Center 8/25/2022
Ward 5 Arlington Library 8/31/2022
Ward 2 UCR 9/13/2022
Ward 6 Arlanza Library 9/14/2022
Ward 7 La Sierra Library 9/15/2022
Citywide Virtual 9/17/2022
Ward 4 Orange Terrace Library Community Room 10/6/2022
Ward 1 Ruth Lewis Community Center/Reid 10/12/2022
Ward 5 Renck Community Center/Hunt Park 10/13/2022
Ward 3 Joyce Jackson Community Center/Nichols Park 10/19/2022 Ward 6 Arlanza Community Center/Bryant Park 10/20/2022
Citywide Virtual 10/22/2022
Ward 7 La Sierra Community Center 10/26/2022
Ward 3 RUSD 10/27/2022
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