kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
MEMORANDUM
To: John Pollock, P.E., Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc.
From: Ryan Chiene, Elena Ajdari
Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc.
Date: November 22, 2022
Subject: Raising Cane’s C820 – Riverside, CA – Noise and Vibration Analysis
Purpose
The purpose of this memorandum is to identify noise impacts associated with construction and operations of the proposed C820 Raising Canes Project (project), located in the City of Riverside, California.
Project Location
The project site is generally located approximately 0.70-mile west of State Route 91 (SR-91), 3.5 miles south of State Route 60 (SR-60), and 8.7 miles west of Interstate 15 (I-15) in the City of Riverside, California (City). The project site is specifically located at 4100 Central Avenue (Assessor’s Parcel Number [APN] 225-202-019) at the southwest corner of Central Avenue and Brockton Avenue on an approximately 0.98-acre lot in the central portion of the City. School Circle Drive, Central Avenue, and Brockton Avenue are located to the west, north, and east of the project site, respectively. Single- family residential uses are located adjacent to the south of the project site.
Project Description
The existing site is currently occupied by an existing two-story multi-tenant commercial building of approximately 12,400 square feet (SF) per floor. The proposed project would demolish the existing commercial building and construct a 3,267 SF Raising Cane’s restaurant with drive-thru access and an outdoor seating area. Construction is anticipated to start in August 2023 and last for approximately seven months.
The proposed project would provide a two-access driveway along School Circle Drive and a three- access driveway along Central Avenue for vehicular circulation. All necessary utility improvements including water, sewer, and storm drain would be constructed within the property limits. In addition, the project would include a 6-foot-high CMU screening wall along the southern property boundary.
Standard hours of operation are 9:00am to 3:30am, seven days/week. See Exhibit 1: Site Plan for more details.
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Exhibit 1: Site Plan
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Noise Background
Sound is technically described in terms of amplitude (loudness) and frequency (pitch). The standard unit of sound amplitude measurement is the decibel (dB). The decibel scale is a logarithmic scale that describes the physical intensity of the pressure vibrations that make up any sound. The pitch of the sound is related to the frequency of the pressure vibration. Since the human ear is not equally sensitive to a given sound level at all frequencies, a special frequency-dependent rating scale has been devised to relate noise to human sensitivity. The A-weighted decibel scale (dBA) provides this compensation by discriminating against frequencies in a manner approximating the sensitivity of the human ear.
Noise, on the other hand, is typically defined as unwanted sound. A typical noise environment consists of a base of steady ambient noise that is the sum of various distant and indistinguishable noise sources. Superimposed on this background noise is the sound from individual local sources. These can vary from an occasional aircraft or train passing by to virtually continuous noise from traffic on a major highway.
Several rating scales have been developed to analyze the adverse effect of community noise on people. Since environmental noise fluctuates over time, these scales consider that the effect of noise on people is largely dependent on the total acoustical energy content of the noise as well as the time of day when the noise occurs. For example, the equivalent continuous sound level (Leq) is the average acoustic energy content of noise for a stated period of time; thus, the Leq of a time-varying noise and that of a steady noise are the same if they deliver the same acoustic energy to the ear during exposure.
The Day-Night Sound level (Ldn) is a 24-hour average Leq with a 10 dBA “weighting” added to noise during the hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. to account for noise sensitivity in the nighttime. The Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) is a 24-hour average Leq with a 10-dBA weighting added to noise during the hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. and an additional 5 dBA weighting during the hours of 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. to account for noise sensitivity in the evening and nighttime.
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Regulatory Setting
State
California Government Code
California Government Code Section 65302(f) mandates that the legislative body of each county and city adopt a noise element as part of its comprehensive general plan. The local noise element must recognize the land use compatibility guidelines established by the State Department of Health Services. The guidelines rank noise land use compatibility in terms of “normally acceptable”, “conditionally acceptable”, “normally unacceptable”, and “clearly unacceptable” noise levels for various land use types. Single-family homes are “normally acceptable” in exterior noise environments up to 60 CNEL and “conditionally acceptable” up to 70 CNEL. Multiple-family residential uses are “normally acceptable” up to 65 CNEL and “conditionally acceptable” up to 70 CNEL. Schools, libraries, and churches are “normally acceptable” up to 70 CNEL, as are office buildings and business, commercial, and professional uses.
Title 24 – Building Code
The State’s noise insulation standards are codified in the California Code of Regulations, Title 24: Part 1, Building Standards Administrative Code, and Part 2, California Building Code. These noise standards are applied to new construction in California for interior noise compatibility from exterior noise sources. The regulations specify that acoustical studies must be prepared when noise-sensitive structures, such as residential buildings, schools, or hospitals, are located near major transportation noise sources, and where such noise sources create an exterior noise level of 65 dBA CNEL or higher.
Acoustical studies that accompany building plans must demonstrate that the structure has been designed to limit interior noise in habitable rooms to acceptable noise levels. For new multi-family residential buildings, the acceptable interior noise limit for new construction is 45 dBA CNEL.
Regional and Local
City of Riverside General Plan
The City of Riverside General Plan 2025 Noise Element (Noise Element) identifies noise-sensitive land uses and noise sources, defines areas of noise impact, and contains policies and programs to achieve and maintain noise levels compatible with various types of land uses. The element addresses noise which affects the community at large, rather than noise associated with site-specific conditions.
The Noise Element identifies land use guidelines to protect residential neighborhoods and noise- sensitive receptors such as schools and hospitals from potentially harmful noise sources. The noise and land use compatibly criteria are shown in Exhibit 2: Land Use Compatibility for Community Noise Exposure.
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Exhibit 2: Land Use Compatibility for Community Noise Exposure Source: Riverside General Plan 2025 - Noise Element, Figure N-10: Noise/Land Use Compatibility Criteria
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
City of Riverside Code of Ordinances
The following sections of the City Riverside Code of Ordinances (Riverside City Code) are applicable to the proposed project.
Section 7.25.010 Exterior Sound Level Limits.
Stationary noise sources will comply with the following limits:
Table 1: Exterior Noise Standards
Land Use Category Time Period Noise Level
Residential Night (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.) 45 dBA
Day (7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.) 55 dBA
Office/Commercial Any Time 65 dBA
Industrial Any Time 70 dBA
Community Support Any Time 60 dBA
Public Recreation Facility Any Time 65 dBA
Nonurban Any Time 70 dBA
Source: City of Riverside, Riverside Code of Ordinances, 2022.
A. Unless a variance has been granted as provided in this title, it shall be unlawful for any person to cause or allow the creation of any noise which exceeds the following:
1. The exterior noise standard of the applicable land use category, up to five decibels, for a cumulative period of more than 30 minutes in any hour; or
2. The exterior noise standard of the applicable land use category, plus five decibels, for a cumulative period of more than 15 minutes in any hour; or
3. The exterior noise standard of the applicable land use category, plus ten decibels, for a cumulative period of more than five minutes in any hour; or
4. The exterior noise standard of the applicable land use category, plus 15 decibels, for the cumulative period of more than one minute in any hour; or
5. The exterior noise standard for the applicable land use category, plus 20 decibels or the maximum measured ambient noise level, for any period of time.
B. If the measured ambient noise level exceeds that permissible within any of the first four noise limit categories, the allowable noise exposure standard shall be increased in five decibel increments in each category as appropriate to encompass the ambient noise level. In the event
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
the ambient noise level exceeds the fifth noise limit category, the maximum allowable noise level under said category shall be increased to reflect the maximum ambient noise level.
Section 7.30.015 Interior Sound Level Limits
Stationary noise sources will comply with the following limits:
Table 2: Interior Noise Standards
Land Use Category Time Period Noise Level
Residential Night (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.) 35 dBA
Day (7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.) 45 dBA
School 7:00 a.m. to 10 p.m. (while school is in
session) 45 dBA
Hospital Any Time 45 dBA
Source: City of Riverside Municipal Code, Nov 9, 2020
A. No person shall operate or cause to be operated, any source of sound indoors which causes the noise level, when measured inside another dwelling unit, school or hospital, to exceed:
1. The interior noise standard for the applicable land category area, up to five decibels, for a cumulative period of more than five minutes in any hour;
2. The interior noise standard for the applicable land use category, plus five decibels, for a cumulative period of more than one minute in any hour;
3. The interior noise standard for the applicable land use category, plus ten decibels or the maximum measured ambient noise level, for any period of time.
B. If the measured interior ambient noise level exceeds that permissible within the first two noise limit categories in this section, the allowable noise exposure standard shall be increased in five decibel increments in each category as appropriate to reflect the interior ambient noise level. In the event the interior ambient noise level exceeds the third noise limit category, the maximum allowable interior noise level under said category shall be increased to reflect the maximum interior ambient noise level.
C. The interior noise standard for various land use districts shall apply, unless otherwise specifically indicated, within structures located in designated zones with windows opened or closed as is typical of the season.
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Section 7.35.010 General Noise Regulations
It is unlawful for any person to make, continue, or cause to be made or continued any noise disturbance.
Section 7.35.020 Exemptions
The following activities shall be exempt from the provisions of this title:
G. Construction. Noise sources associated with construction, repair, remodeling, or grading of any real property; provided a permit has been obtained from the City as required; and provided said activities do not take place between the hours of 7:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. on weekdays, between the hours of 5:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m. on Saturdays, or at any time on Sunday or a federal holiday.
Existing Setting
The project site is impacted by various noise sources. Mobile sources of noise, including traffic along Central Avenue to the north and Magnolia Avenue and Brockton Avenue to the east the most common and prominent sources of noise in the project area. The primary sources of stationary noise near the project site include parking lot noise at the nearby commercial properties, mechanical equipment (e.g., heating, ventilation, and air conditioning [HVAC] units) operating at the nearby commercial and residential uses, and other urban-related activities (e.g., idling cars/trucks, pedestrians, car radios and music playing, dogs barking, etc.). The noise associated with these sources may represent a single- event noise occurrence or short-term noise.
Noise Measurements
To quantify existing ambient noise levels in the project area, Kimley-Horn conducted four short-term (10-minute) measurements on November 10, 2022, and one long-term noise measurement (96 hours in duration) starting on November 10, 2022 and ending November 14, 2022; see Appendix A: Noise Data. The noise measurement sites were representative of typical existing noise exposure within and immediately adjacent to the project site. The 10-minute daytime measurements were taken between 11:30 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. Measurements of Leq are considered representative of the noise levels throughout the day. The average noise levels and sources of noise measured at each location are listed in Table 3: Existing Noise Measurements and shown on Exhibit 3: Noise Measurement Locations.
Sensitive Receptors
Noise exposure standards and guidelines for various types of land uses reflect the varying noise sensitivities associated with each of these uses. Residences, hospitals, schools, guest lodging, libraries, and churches are treated as the most sensitive to noise intrusion and therefore have more stringent
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
noise exposure targets than do other uses, such as manufacturing or agricultural uses that are not subject to impacts such as sleep disturbance. Sensitive receptors near the project site are shown in Table 4: Sensitive Receptors.
Table 3: Existing Noise Measurements
Site Location Measurement Period Duration
Daytime
Average Leq
(dBA)2
Nighttime
Average Leq
(dBA)
Short-Term Noise Measurements (10-minute measurements)
ST-1
Adjacent to single-family residences
south of the project site, along
School Circle Drive.
11:30 a.m., Thursday,
November 10, 2022 10 min 57.8 -
ST-2
Adjacent to single-family residence
to the west of the project site, along
School Circle Drive.
11:42 a.m., Thursday,
November 10, 2022 10 min 64.3 -
ST-3
Near single-family residence located
at 4151 Central Avenue, directly
north of the project site.
11:54 a.m., Thursday,
November 10, 2022 10 min 69.4 -
ST-4
Commercial parking lot directly east
of the project site, along Magnolia
Avenue.
12:10 p.m., Thursday,
November 10, 2022 10 min 62.8 -
Long-Term Noise Measurements (continuous 96-hour measurement) LT-1
Near to residential units south of the
project site boundary.
Thursday, November 10, 2022,
to Friday, November 11, 2022 24 hr 56.8 54.6
Friday, November 11, 2022, to
Saturday, November 12, 2022 24 hr 56.4 52.6
Saturday, November 12, 2022,
to Sunday, November 13, 2022 24 hr 57.0 51.1
Sunday, November 13, 2022, to
Monday, November 14, 2022 24 hr 55.5 53.6
Average 55.5 53.2
Notes:
1. Daytime hours are from 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m., and nighttime hours are from 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. The 15-hour daytime average (15- hour Leq) and 9-hour nighttime average were calculated from 24-hour measurements take at LT-1. The 10-minute Leq is listed from short- term measurement data.
Source: Noise measurements taken by Kimley-Horn and Associates, November 10-14, 2022. See Appendix A for noise measurement results.
Table 4: Sensitive Receptors
Receptor Description Distance and Direction from the Project Single-Family Residential Dwellings Adjacent to the south Single-Family Residential Dwellings Adjacent to the west Single-Family Residential Dwellings 115 ft to the north Riverside Adult School 400 feet to the southwest
Source: Google Earth, 2022.
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Exhibit 3: Noise Measurement Locations
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Noise Impacts
Construction Noise
Construction noise typically occurs intermittently and varies depending on the nature or phase of construction (e.g., land clearing, grading, excavation, paving). Noise generated by construction equipment, including earth movers, material handlers, and portable generators, can reach high levels.
During construction, exterior noise levels could affect the buildings near the construction site.
Construction activities would include demolition, site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, and architectural coating. Such activities may require concrete/industrial saws, dozers, and tractors/loaders/backhoes during demolition; graders, tractors/loaders/backhoes and dozers during site preparation; graders, dozers, and tractors/loaders/backhoes during grading; forklifts, generator sets, tractors/loaders/backhoes, and welders during building construction; pavers, rollers, mixers, tractors/loaders/backhoes, and paving equipment during paving; and air compressors during architectural coating. Typical operating cycles for these types of construction equipment may involve 1 or 2 minutes of full power operation followed by 3 to 4 minutes at lower power settings. Other primary sources of acoustical disturbance would be random incidents, which would last less than one minute (such as dropping large pieces of equipment or the hydraulic movement of machinery lifts).
Noise generated by construction equipment, including earth movers, material handlers, and portable generators, can reach high levels. The site preparation and grading phases of project construction tend to be the shortest in duration and create the highest construction noise levels due to the operation of heavy equipment required to complete these activities. It should be noted that only a limited amount of equipment can operate near a given location at a particular time. Typical noise levels associated with individual construction equipment are listed in Table 5: Typical Construction Noise Levels.
As indicated in Table 5, construction noise levels would be noticeable at the nearby residential uses and other properties in the project vicinity. However, actual construction-related noise activities would be lower than the conservative levels shown in Table 5 and would cease upon completion of construction. Due to the variability of construction activities and equipment for the project, overall construction noise levels would be intermittent and would fluctuate over time. Construction activities would mostly be concentrated in the central and eastern portion of the project site (the location of the restaurant building), and thus some equipment would be farther away from the affected receptors. In addition, the construction noise levels are assumed to be constant, when, in fact, construction activities and associated noise levels would fluctuate and generally be brief and sporadic, depending on the type, intensity, and location of construction activities.
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Table 5: Typical Construction Noise Levels
Equipment Typical Noise Level (dBA) at 22 feet from Source Air Compressor 87.1
Backhoe 87.1
Compactor 89.1
Concrete Mixer 92.1
Concrete Pump 89.1
Concrete Vibrator 83.1
Crane, Mobile 90.1
Dozer 92.1
Generator 89.1
Grader 92.1
Impact Wrench 92.1
Jack Hammer 95.1
Loader 87.1
Paver 92.1
Pneumatic Tool 92.1
Pump 84.1
Roller 92.1
Saw 83.1
Scraper 92.1
Shovel 89.1
Truck 91.1
Source: Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, September 2018.
Construction activities would not take place between the hours of 7:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. on weekdays, between the hours of 5:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m. on Saturdays, or at any time on Sunday or a federal holiday to be in compliance with Riverside City Code Section 7.35.020(G). While the City establishes limits to the hours during which construction activity may take place, it does not identify specific noise level limits for construction noise levels. The City’s permitted hours of construction are required in recognition that construction activities undertaken during daytime hours are a typical part of living in an urban environment and do not cause a significant impact.
Operational Noise
On-Site Operations
The project proposes to operate a Raising Cane’s restaurant with drive-thru access and an outdoor seating area. The primary noise sources associated with the proposed Raising Cane’s restaurant would consist of drive-thru operations (i.e., sound from the ordering intercom and vehicles idling/queuing in the drive-thru lanes), parking lot noise, outdoor dining, and mechanical equipment. A discussion of each of these project noise sources is provided below.
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Drive-Thru Operations
The proposed restaurant would be open daily between 9:00 a.m. and 3:30 a.m. Two drive-thru menu boards and intercoms would be located to the south of the proposed restaurant building closest to Brockton Avenue. Project noise sources from drive-thru operations include amplified speech from the intercom, idling vehicles, vehicles circulating along the drive-thru lanes. The measured noise level associated with active drive-thru operations is 64 dBA at a distance of 20 feet.1 The closest sensitive receptors to the project site are the single-family residences located approximately 125 feet from the closest menu board and intercom, and approximately 40 feet from the drive-thru lane/queuing area.
Parking Lot Noise
Traffic associated with parking lots is typically not of sufficient volume to exceed community noise standards, which are based on a time-averaged scale such as the one-hour Leq and CNEL scales. The instantaneous maximum sound levels generated by a car door slamming, engine starting up, and car pass-bys range from 53 to 61 dBA2 and may be an annoyance to nearby noise-sensitive receptors.
Conversations in parking areas may also be an annoyance to nearby sensitive receptors. Sound levels of speech typically range from 33 dBA at 50 feet for normal speech to 50 dBA at 50 feet for very loud speech.3 Parking lot noise would occur at the proposed surface parking lot as close as approximately 60 feet from the single-family residences to the south of the project site.
Outdoor Dining Noise
The project would include an outdoor dining area on the eastern and western façade of the proposed Raising Cane’s restaurant. The outdoor dining areas would be used by individuals or small groups to gather outside for a meal and may include low-level background music. Outdoor dining areas with music can generate noise levels up to approximately 82 dBA at one meter from the source.4 The nearest sensitive receptors (single-family residences to the south) would be located approximately 160 feet from the outdoor dining area of the proposed restaurant.
Mechanical Equipment
The project would include HVAC units located on the rooftop of the restaurant building. Mechanical equipment (e.g., HVAC equipment) typically generates noise levels of approximately 52 dBA at 50
1 Drive-thru noise sample collected at Raising Cane’s restaurant by Kimley-Horn on August 17, 2018. 2 Kariel, H. G., Noise in Rural Recreational Environments, Canadian Acoustics 19(5), 3-10, 1991. 3 Elliott H. Berger, Rick Neitzel1, and Cynthia A. Kladden. Noise Navigator Sound Level Database with Over 1700 Measurement Values, June 26, 2015.
4 Obtained from the SoundPLAN Essential version 5.1 reference noise level database.
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
feet.5 The nearest sensitive receptors (single-family residences to the south) would be located approximately 210 feet from the proposed rooftop HVAC equipment.
Combined Exterior Noise Levels
Exterior noise levels associated with drive-thru operations, parking lot noise, outdoor dining, and mechanical equipment were modeled with the SoundPLAN software. SoundPLAN allows computer simulations of noise situations, and creates noise contour maps using reference noise levels, topography, point and area noise sources, mobile noise sources, and intervening walls and structures.
Inputs to the SoundPLAN model included ground topography and ground type, noise source locations and heights, receiver locations, sound power level data. The SoundPLAN run also included the proposed 6-foot-high CMU wall along the southern property boundary that would help reduce noise exposure at the residences to the south. The SoundPLAN run for project operations conservatively assumes the simultaneous operation of all on-site noise sources.
Utilizing the input data described above, SoundPLAN was used to calculate noise levels at the nearest sensitive receptors surrounding the project site. It should be noted that predicted noise levels are conservative estimates since it was assumed that all equipment and operational activity at the project site would occur in a constant, simultaneous manner. In reality, it is anticipated that these noise sources would occur intermittently throughout the day and night (except for rooftop HVAC which would operate in a steady-state manner). The modeled noise levels for the project are provided in Table 6: Project Operational Noise Levels, Exhibit 4: Project Noise Contours - Daytime, and Exhibit 5:
Project Noise Contours - Nighttime.
Table 6: Project Operational Noise Levels
Receptor No. Land Use Modeled Noise Level –
Daytime (dBA Leq)
Modeled Noise Level –
Nighttime (dBA Leq)1
1 Residential 37.7 37.3
2 Residential 40.3 39.8
3 Residential 43.0 42.4
4 Residential 46.1 45.7
5 Residential 47.5 47.3
6 Commercial 44.9 44.7
7 Commercial 41.0 40.8
8 Commercial 41.4 41.3
9 Commercial 41.9 41.9
10 Commercial 53.0 53.0
11 Commercial 49.1 49.0
12 Residential 47.9 47.9
13 Residential 50.3 50.2
5 Elliott H. Berger, Rick Neitzel, and Cynthia A. Kladden, Noise Navigator Sound Level Database with Over 1700 Measurement Values, June 26, 2015.
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Table 6: Project Operational Noise Levels
Receptor No. Land Use Modeled Noise Level –
Daytime (dBA Leq)
Modeled Noise Level –
Nighttime (dBA Leq)1
14 Residential 47.6 47.3
15 Residential 44.7 44.4
16 Residential 48.9 48.7
17 Residential 47.8 47.7
18 Residential 44.1 44.0
19 Residential 36.6 36.4
20 Residential 39.2 39.0
21 Commercial 44.3 43.8
22 Commercial 46.7 46.1
23 Residential 35.5 34.9
Notes:
1. Small variations in noise levels are due to reduced parking lot activity during the nighttime hours.
Source: SoundPLAN version 5.1. See Appendix A for noise modeling data and results.
As shown in Table 6, project-generated noise levels at the closest residential uses would range from
35.5 dBA Leq to 50.3 dBA Leq during the daytime hours, and between 34.9 dBA Leq and 50.2 dBA Leq during the nighttime hours in the project vicinity.
Table 7: Composite Project Operational Noise shows project noise levels from all sources combined with existing ambient levels. According to the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol (2013), a noise level increase of 3 dBA is generally regarded as barely perceivable. As such, for the purposes of this analysis, a 3 dBA Leq increase in operational noise levels over existing ambient noise levels at a noise-sensitive use is considered a significant impact. It is noted that the measured ambient levels (see Table 3) currently exceed the City’s daytime and nighttime exterior noise standards established in Riverside City Code Section 7.25.010 for residential uses. Thus, the measured ambient level was used as the noise standard to evaluate project noise impacts in compliance with Riverside City Code Section
7.25.010(B). Table 7 shows that the maximum increase in ambient noise levels from the project would be 0.7 dBA during the daytime and 1.8 dBA during the nighttime at the nearest residential uses and would not result in a perceptible 3 dBA noise increase. Therefore, the project’s operational noise levels would not result in a significant increase over existing ambient noise levels at the nearest noise- sensitive uses. In addition, noise level increases at commercial uses in the project vicinity would be less than perceptible (a maximum of 2.9 dBA); see Table 7. Impacts would be less than significant in this regard.
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Exhibit 4: Project Noise Contours – Daytime
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Exhibit 5: Project Noise Contours – Nighttime
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Off-Site Traffic Noise
In general, a 3-dBA increase in traffic noise is barely perceptible to people, while a 5-dBA increase is readily noticeable. Traffic volumes on project area roadways would have to approximately double for the resulting traffic noise levels to generate a 3-dBA increase.6 According to the project’s Traffic Impact Analysis (Kimley-Horn, 2022), the proposed restaurant would result in approximately 1,468 daily vehicle trips (892 net daily trips) which is not enough to double the existing traffic volumes on Central Avenue or School Circle Drive (the primary access roadways to the project site). Therefore, the proposed project would not generate enough traffic to result in a noticeable 3-dBA increase in ambient noise levels. Impacts would be less than significant in this regard.
Vibration Impacts
Increases in groundborne vibration levels attributable to the project would be primarily associated with short-term construction-related activities. Project construction would have the potential to result in varying degrees of temporary groundborne vibration, depending on the specific construction equipment used and the operations involved.
The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) has published standard vibration velocities for construction equipment operations. In general, the FTA architectural damage criterion for continuous vibrations (i.e., 0.2 in/sec) appears to be conservative. The types of construction vibration impacts include human annoyance and building damage. Human annoyance occurs when construction vibration rises significantly above the threshold of human perception for extended periods of time. Building damage can be cosmetic or structural. Ordinary buildings that are not particularly fragile would not experience any cosmetic damage (e.g., plaster cracks) at distances beyond 30 feet. This distance can vary substantially depending on the soil composition and underground geological layer between vibration source and receiver. In addition, not all buildings respond similarly to vibration generated by construction equipment. For example, for a building that is constructed with reinforced concrete with no plaster, the FTA guidelines show that a vibration level of up to 0.50 in/sec is considered safe and would not result in any construction vibration damage. This evaluation uses the FTA architectural damage criterion for continuous vibrations at non-engineered timber and masonry buildings of 0.2 inch-per-second peak particle velocity (PPV) and human annoyance criterion of 0.4 inch-per-second PPV in accordance with Caltrans guidance.7
6 According to the California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement to Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol (September 2013), it takes a doubling of traffic to create a noticeable (i.e., 3 dBA) noise increase. 7 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, Table 20, September 2013.
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Table 7: Composite Project Operational Noise
Receptor
No. Land Use
Daytime Nighttime
Ambient
Noise Level
(dBA Leq)1,2
Composite
Project
Operations
Ambient
+ Project
(dBA Leq)
Increase
Over
Ambient
(dBA Leq) 3
Significant?
Ambient
Noise Level
(dBA Leq)1,2
Composite
Project
Operations
Ambient
+ Project
(dBA Leq)
Increase
Over
Ambient
(dBA Leq)3
Significant?
1 Residential 69.4 37.7 69.4 0.0 No 53.2 37.3 53.3 0.1 No 2 Residential 69.4 40.3 69.4 0.0 No 53.2 39.8 53.4 0.2 No 3 Residential 69.4 43.0 69.4 0.0 No 53.2 42.4 53.5 0.3 No 4 Residential 69.4 46.1 69.4 0.0 No 53.2 45.7 53.9 0.7 No 5 Residential 69.4 47.5 69.4 0.0 No 53.2 47.3 54.2 1.0 No 6 Commercial 69.4 44.9 69.4 0.0 No 53.2 44.7 53.8 0.6 No 7 Commercial 69.4 41.0 69.4 0.0 No 53.2 40.8 53.4 0.2 No 8 Commercial 69.4 41.4 69.4 0.0 No 53.2 41.3 53.5 0.3 No 9 Commercial 69.4 41.9 69.4 0.0 No 53.2 41.9 53.5 0.3 No 10 Commercial 69.4 53.0 69.5 0.1 No 53.2 53 56.1 2.9 No 11 Commercial 69.4 49.1 69.4 0.0 No 53.2 49 54.6 1.4 No 12 Residential 57.8 47.9 58.2 0.4 No 53.2 47.9 54.3 1.1 No 13 Residential 57.8 50.3 58.5 0.7 No 53.2 50.2 55.0 1.8 No 14 Residential 57.8 47.6 58.2 0.4 No 53.2 47.3 54.2 1.0 No 15 Residential 57.8 44.7 58.0 0.2 No 53.2 44.4 53.7 0.5 No 16 Residential 57.8 48.9 58.3 0.5 No 53.2 48.7 54.5 1.3 No 17 Residential 57.8 47.8 58.2 0.4 No 53.2 47.7 54.3 1.1 No 18 Residential 57.8 44.1 58.0 0.2 No 53.2 44 53.7 0.5 No 19 Residential 57.8 36.6 57.8 0.0 No 53.2 36.4 53.3 0.1 No 20 Residential 57.8 39.2 57.9 0.1 No 53.2 39 53.4 0.2 No 21 Commercial 64.3 44.3 64.3 0.0 No 53.2 43.8 53.7 0.5 No 22 Commercial 64.3 46.7 64.4 0.1 No 53.2 46.1 54.0 0.8 No 23 Residential 57.8 35.5 57.8 0.0 No 53.2 34.9 53.3 0.1 No Notes:
1. See Table 3 for ambient noise level data.
2. The measured ambient noise level exceeds the exterior noise standards in Riverside City Code Section 7.25.010. Therefore, the measured ambient noise levels obtained by Kimley-Horn on November 10-14, 2022 are the base noise level used to analyze impacts from the project in accordance Riverside City Code Section 7.25.010(B).
3. An increase of 3 dBA is barely perceptible. Therefore, an increase of 3 dBA or more is considered significant.
Source: SoundPLAN version 5.1. See Appendix A for noise modeling data and results.
kimley-horn.com 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
Table 8: Typical Construction Equipment Vibration Levels, lists vibration levels at 15 and 25 feet for typical construction equipment. Groundborne vibration generated by construction equipment spreads through the ground and diminishes in magnitude with increases in distance. As indicated in Table 8, based on FTA data, vibration velocities from typical heavy construction equipment operations that would be used during Project construction range from 0.003 to 0.089 in/sec PPV at 25 feet and from 0.007 to 0/192 in/sec PPV at 15 feet from the source of activity.
Table 8: Typical Construction Equipment Vibration Levels Equipment Peak Particle Velocity
at 25 Feet (in/sec)
Peak Particle Velocity
at 15 Feet (in/sec)
Large Bulldozer 0.089 0.192
Caisson Drilling 0.089 0.192
Loaded Trucks 0.076 0.164
Rock Breaker 0.059 0.127
Jackhammer 0.035 0.008
Small Bulldozer/Tractors 0.003 0.007
Notes:
1. Calculated using the following formula: PPVequip = PPVref x (25/D)1.5, where: PPVequip = the peak particle velocity in in/sec of the equipment adjusted for the distance; PPVref = the reference vibration level in in/sec from Table 7-4 of the Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, 2018; D = the distance from the equipment to the receiver.
Source: Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, 2018.
As shown in Table 8, at 15 feet (the closest distance to off-site structures that heavy construction equipment would be used during project construction) the vibration velocities from construction equipment would reach approximately 0.192 in/sec PPV, which is below the FTA’s 0.20 in/sec PPV threshold for building damage and Caltrans’ 0.4 in/sec PPV threshold for human annoyance. It is acknowledged that some construction activity may occur at the property line/adjoining commercial building to the south. However, demolition activities along the southern property line (up against the commercial building to the south) would occur using hand tools to reduce the potential for construction vibration impacts. As indicated above, the use of heavy construction equipment would occur no closer than 15 feet from the nearest off-site buildings for build-up construction and would not create construction vibration impacts. Once operational, the Project would not include vibration- generating uses or operations. Therefore, vibration impacts associated with the Project would be less than significant.
Conclusion
Project implementation would result in less than significant short- and long-term noise and vibration impacts. No mitigation measures would be required. Therefore, the proposed project would not result in significant effects related to noise and vibration.
Appendix A
Noise Data
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number: 194295001
Site No.: Date: 11/10/2022
Analyst: Time: 11:30-11:40
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq: Lmin: Lmax: Peak:
57.8 43.3 69.4 101.9
Sound Level Meter: LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F): 64 Calibrator: CAL200 Wind (mph): 4
Response Time: Slow Sky: Clear
Weighting: A Bar. Pressure: 30.11
Microphone Height: 5 feet Humidity: 38%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Riverside Raising Canes
ST-1
Sarah Miller and Kiana Graham
6608 Scool Circle Drive
Cars on central Ave.
Car alarm went off at approx. 11:40 a.m.
Measurement Report
Report Summary
Meter's File Name ST-.010.s Computer's File Name LxTse_0007061-20221110 113024-ST-.010.ldbin Meter LxT SE 0007061 Firmware 2.404
User Location
Job Description
Note
Start Time 2022-11-10 11:30:24 Duration 0:10:33.9
End Time 2022-11-10 11:40:57 Run Time 0:10:33.9 Pause Time 0:00:00.0 Pre-Calibration 2022-11-10 11:29:26 Post-Calibration None Calibration Deviation --- Results
Overall Metrics
LAeq 57.8 dB
LAE 85.8 dB SEA --- dB
EA 42.4 µPa²h
LApeak 101.9 dB 2022-11-10 11:30:29
LASmax 69.4 dB 2022-11-10 11:32:16
LASmin 43.3 dB 2022-11-10 11:31:18
LAeq 57.8 dB
LCeq 68.4 dB LCeq - LAeq 10.6 dB
LAIeq 61.7 dB LAIeq - LAeq 3.9 dB
Exceedances Count Duration
LAS > 85.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LAS > 115.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 135.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 137.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 140.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
Community Noise LDN LDay LNight
57.8 dB 57.8 dB 0.0 dB
LDEN LDay LEve LNight
57.8 dB 57.8 dB --- dB --- dB
Any Data A C Z
Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp
Leq 57.8 dB 68.4 dB --- dB
Ls(max) 69.4 dB 2022-11-10 11:32:16 --- dB None --- dB None LS(min) 43.3 dB 2022-11-10 11:31:18 --- dB None --- dB None LPeak(max) 101.9 dB 2022-11-10 11:30:29 --- dB None --- dB None Overloads Count Duration OBA Count OBA Duration
0 0:00:00.0 0 0:00:00.0
Statistics
LAS 5.0 65.2 dB
LAS 10.0 61.5 dB
LAS 33.3 54.3 dB
LAS 50.0 52.1 dB
LAS 66.6 50.2 dB
LAS 90.0 47.5 dB
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number: 194295001
Site No.: Date: 11/10/2022
Analyst: Time: 11:42-11:52
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq: Lmin: Lmax: Peak:
64.3 47.6 74.8 88.3
Sound Level Meter: LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F): 64 Calibrator: CAL200 Wind (mph): 5
Response Time: Slow Sky: Clear
Weighting: A Bar. Pressure: 30.10"
Microphone Height: 5 feet Humidity: 37%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Riverside Raising Canes
ST-2
Sarah Miller and Kiana Graham
4100 Central Ave., Riverside
Cars on Central Ave.
Measurement Report
Report Summary
Meter's File Name ST-.011.s Computer's File Name LxTse_0007061-20221110 114218-ST-.011.ldbin Meter LxT SE 0007061 Firmware 2.404
User Location
Job Description
Note
Start Time 2022-11-10 11:42:18 Duration 0:10:33.3
End Time 2022-11-10 11:52:51 Run Time 0:10:33.3 Pause Time 0:00:00.0 Pre-Calibration 2022-11-10 11:29:24 Post-Calibration None Calibration Deviation --- Results
Overall Metrics
LAeq 64.3 dB
LAE 92.3 dB SEA --- dB
EA 189.4 µPa²h
LApeak 88.3 dB 2022-11-10 11:44:21
LASmax 74.8 dB 2022-11-10 11:44:21
LASmin 47.6 dB 2022-11-10 11:51:04
LAeq 64.3 dB
LCeq 72.3 dB LCeq - LAeq 8.0 dB
LAIeq 65.4 dB LAIeq - LAeq 1.1 dB
Exceedances Count Duration
LAS > 85.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LAS > 115.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 135.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 137.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 140.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
Community Noise LDN LDay LNight
64.3 dB 64.3 dB 0.0 dB
LDEN LDay LEve LNight
64.3 dB 64.3 dB --- dB --- dB
Any Data A C Z
Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp
Leq 64.3 dB 72.3 dB --- dB
Ls(max) 74.8 dB 2022-11-10 11:44:21 --- dB None --- dB None LS(min) 47.6 dB 2022-11-10 11:51:04 --- dB None --- dB None LPeak(max) 88.3 dB 2022-11-10 11:44:21 --- dB None --- dB None Overloads Count Duration OBA Count OBA Duration
0 0:00:00.0 0 0:00:00.0
Statistics
LAS 5.0 69.5 dB
LAS 10.0 68.3 dB
LAS 33.3 64.9 dB
LAS 50.0 62.1 dB
LAS 66.6 58.7 dB
LAS 90.0 52.3 dB
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number: 194295001
Site No.: Date: 11/10/2022
Analyst: Time: 11:54-12:04
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq: Lmin: Lmax: Peak:
69.4 52.3 86.5 99.6
Sound Level Meter: LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F): 65 Calibrator: CAL200 Wind (mph): 5
Response Time: Slow Sky: Clear
Weighting: A Bar. Pressure: 30.10"
Microphone Height: 5 feet Humidity: 37%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Riverside Raising Canes
ST-3
Sarah Miller and Kiana Graham
4151 Central Ave., Riverside
Trucks/cars on Central Ave. and Magnolia Ave.
Train horn at approx. 11:55
Measurement Report
Report Summary
Meter's File Name ST-.012.s Computer's File Name LxTse_0007061-20221110 115448-ST-.012.ldbin Meter LxT SE 0007061 Firmware 2.404
User Location
Job Description
Note
Start Time 2022-11-10 11:54:48 Duration 0:10:01.7
End Time 2022-11-10 12:04:50 Run Time 0:10:01.7 Pause Time 0:00:00.0 Pre-Calibration 2022-11-10 11:29:24 Post-Calibration None Calibration Deviation --- Results
Overall Metrics
LAeq 69.4 dB
LAE 97.2 dB SEA --- dB
EA 582.3 µPa²h
LApeak 99.6 dB 2022-11-10 12:02:37
LASmax 86.5 dB 2022-11-10 12:02:37
LASmin 52.3 dB 2022-11-10 12:02:09
LAeq 69.4 dB
LCeq 78.8 dB LCeq - LAeq 9.4 dB
LAIeq 72.0 dB LAIeq - LAeq 2.6 dB
Exceedances Count Duration
LAS > 85.0 dB 1 0:00:01.5
LAS > 115.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 135.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 137.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 140.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
Community Noise LDN LDay LNight
69.4 dB 69.4 dB 0.0 dB
LDEN LDay LEve LNight
69.4 dB 69.4 dB --- dB --- dB
Any Data A C Z
Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp
Leq 69.4 dB 78.8 dB --- dB
Ls(max) 86.5 dB 2022-11-10 12:02:37 --- dB None --- dB None LS(min) 52.3 dB 2022-11-10 12:02:09 --- dB None --- dB None LPeak(max) 99.6 dB 2022-11-10 12:02:37 --- dB None --- dB None Overloads Count Duration OBA Count OBA Duration
0 0:00:00.0 0 0:00:00.0
Statistics
LAS 5.0 74.6 dB
LAS 10.0 73.1 dB
LAS 33.3 66.7 dB
LAS 50.0 63.7 dB
LAS 66.6 59.6 dB
LAS 90.0 55.4 dB
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number: 194295001
Site No.: Date: 11/10/2022
Analyst: Time: 12:10-12:20
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq: Lmin: Lmax: Peak:
62.8 52.9 77.7 95.7
Sound Level Meter: LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F): 66° Calibrator: CAL200 Wind (mph): 5
Response Time: Slow Sky: Clear
Weighting: A Bar. Pressure: 30.09"
Microphone Height: 5 feet Humidity: 35%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Riverside Raising Canes
ST-4
Sarah Miller and Kiana Graham
6600 Magnolia Ave., Riverside
Trucks/cars on Magnolia Ave. and Central Ave.
Measurement Report
Report Summary
Meter's File Name ST-.013.s Computer's File Name LxTse_0007061-20221110 121032-ST-.013.ldbin Meter LxT SE 0007061 Firmware 2.404
User Location
Job Description
Note
Start Time 2022-11-10 12:10:32 Duration 0:10:50.0
End Time 2022-11-10 12:21:22 Run Time 0:10:50.0 Pause Time 0:00:00.0 Pre-Calibration 2022-11-10 11:29:24 Post-Calibration None Calibration Deviation --- Results
Overall Metrics
LAeq 62.8 dB
LAE 90.9 dB SEA --- dB
EA 137.6 µPa²h
LApeak 95.7 dB 2022-11-10 12:14:57
LASmax 77.7 dB 2022-11-10 12:13:13
LASmin 52.9 dB 2022-11-10 12:10:56
LAeq 62.8 dB
LCeq 76.7 dB LCeq - LAeq 13.9 dB
LAIeq 65.4 dB LAIeq - LAeq 2.6 dB
Exceedances Count Duration
LAS > 85.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LAS > 115.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 135.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 137.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 140.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
Community Noise LDN LDay LNight
62.8 dB 62.8 dB 0.0 dB
LDEN LDay LEve LNight
62.8 dB 62.8 dB --- dB --- dB
Any Data A C Z
Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp
Leq 62.8 dB 76.7 dB --- dB
Ls(max) 77.7 dB 2022-11-10 12:13:13 --- dB None --- dB None LS(min) 52.9 dB 2022-11-10 12:10:56 --- dB None --- dB None LPeak(max) 95.7 dB 2022-11-10 12:14:57 --- dB None --- dB None Overloads Count Duration OBA Count OBA Duration
0 0:00:00.0 0 0:00:00.0
Statistics
LAS 5.0 67.5 dB
LAS 10.0 65.9 dB
LAS 33.3 61.7 dB
LAS 50.0 59.8 dB
LAS 66.6 57.8 dB
LAS 90.0 55.9 dB
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number: 194295001
Site No.: Date: 11/10/22 - 11/14/22
Analyst: Time: 12:43 PM 11/10/22 -
12:20 PM 11/14/22
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq: Lmin: Lmax: Peak:
55.6 36.8 93.8 122.2
Sound Level Meter: LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F): 66 Calibrator: CAL200 Wind (mph): 8
Response Time: Slow Sky: Clear
Weighting: A Bar. Pressure: 30.03"
Microphone Height: 5 feet Humidity: 28%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Riverside Raising Canes
LT-1
Sarah Miller and Kiana Graham
4100 Central Ave.
Cars on Central Ave.
Measurement Report
Report Summary
Meter's File Name LT_.009.s Computer's File Name LxTse_0007061-20221110 124351-LT_.009.ldbin Meter LxT SE 0007061 Firmware 2.404
User Location
Job Description
Note
Start Time 2022-11-10 12:43:51 Duration 95:36:25.8
End Time 2022-11-14 12:20:17 Run Time 95:36:25.8 Pause Time 0:00:00.0 Pre-Calibration 2022-11-10 12:29:27 Post-Calibration None Calibration Deviation --- Results
Overall Metrics
LAeq 55.6 dB
LAE 111.0 dB SEA 132.2 dB
EA 13.9 mPa²h
LApeak 122.2 dB 2022-11-14 12:12:08
LASmax 93.8 dB 2022-11-14 12:12:08
LASmin 36.8 dB 2022-11-13 03:32:26
LAeq 55.6 dB
LCeq 67.5 dB LCeq - LAeq 11.9 dB
LAIeq 59.7 dB LAIeq - LAeq 4.1 dB
Exceedances Count Duration
LAS > 85.0 dB 4 0:00:15.1
LAS > 115.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 135.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 137.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 140.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
Community Noise LDN LDay LNight
60.2 dB 56.7 dB 0.0 dB
LDEN LDay LEve LNight
60.5 dB 57.0 dB 54.5 dB 53.1 dB
Any Data A C Z
Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp
Leq 55.6 dB 67.5 dB --- dB
Ls(max) 93.8 dB 2022-11-14 12:12:08 --- dB None --- dB None LS(min) 36.8 dB 2022-11-13 03:32:26 --- dB None --- dB None LPeak(max) 122.2 dB 2022-11-14 12:12:08 --- dB None --- dB None Overloads Count Duration OBA Count OBA Duration
1 0:00:02.4 1 0:00:02.4
Statistics
LAS 5.0 59.3 dB
LAS 10.0 57.5 dB
LAS 33.3 53.7 dB
LAS 50.0 51.7 dB
LAS 66.6 49.9 dB
LAS 90.0 46.5 dB
Building Limit Level Conflict
No. Receiver name side Floor Day Night Ldn Day Night Ldn Day Night Ldn dB(A) dB(A) dB
1 1 - 1.Fl - - - 37.7 37.3 43.8 - - -
2 2 - 1.Fl - - - 40.3 39.8 46.3 - - -
3 3 - 1.Fl - - - 43.0 42.4 48.9 - - -
4 4 - 1.Fl - - - 46.1 45.7 52.2 - - -
5 5 - 1.Fl - - - 47.5 47.3 53.7 - - -
6 6 - 1.Fl - - - 44.9 44.7 51.2 - - -
7 7 - 1.Fl - - - 41.0 40.8 47.3 - - -
8 8 - 1.Fl - - - 41.4 41.3 47.7 - - -
9 9 - 1.Fl - - - 41.9 41.9 48.3 - - -
1010 - 1.Fl - - - 53.0 53.0 59.4 - - -
1111 - 1.Fl - - - 49.1 49.0 55.5 - - -
1212 - 1.Fl - - - 47.9 47.9 54.3 - - -
1313 - 1.Fl - - - 50.3 50.2 56.6 - - -
1414 - 1.Fl - - - 47.6 47.3 53.8 - - -
1515 - 1.Fl - - - 44.7 44.4 50.9 - - -
1616 - 1.Fl - - - 48.9 48.7 55.1 - - -
1717 - 1.Fl - - - 47.8 47.7 54.1 - - -
1818 - 1.Fl - - - 44.1 44.0 50.4 - - -
1919 - 1.Fl - - - 36.6 36.4 42.9 - - -
2020 - 1.Fl - - - 39.2 39.0 45.4 - - -
2121 - 1.Fl - - - 44.3 43.8 50.3 - - -
2222 - 1.Fl - - - 46.7 46.1 52.6 - - -
2323 - 1.Fl - - - 35.5 34.9 41.4 - - -
Kimely Horn 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 USA