EXHIBIT 1
1 Health and Safety Code §116470.
(b) On or before July 1, 1998, and every three years thereafter, public water systems serving more than 10,000 service connections that detect one or more contaminants in drinking water that exceed the applicable public health goal, shall prepare a brief written report in plain language that does all of the following:
(1) Identifies each contaminant detected in drinking water that exceeds the applicable public health goal.
(2) Discloses the numerical public health risk, determined by the office, associated with the maximum contaminant level for each contaminant identified in paragraph (1) and the numerical public health risk determined by the office associated with the public health goal for that contaminant.
(3) Identifies the category of risk to public health, including, but not limited to, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and acute toxicity, associated with exposure to the contaminant in drinking water, and includes a brief plainly worded description of these terms.
(4) Describes the best available technology, if any is then available on a commercial basis, to remove the contaminant or reduce the concentration of the contaminant. The public water system may, solely at its own discretion, briefly describe actions that have been taken on its own, or by other entities, to prevent the introduction of the contaminant into drinking water supplies.
(5) Estimates the aggregate cost and the cost per customer of utilizing the technology described in paragraph (4), if any, to reduce the concentration of that contaminant in drinking water to a level at or below the public health goal. (6) Briefly describes what action, if any, the local water purveyor intends to take to reduce the concentration of the contaminant in public drinking water supplies and the basis for that decision.
(c) Public water systems required to prepare a report pursuant to subdivision (b) shall hold a public hearing for the purpose of accepting and responding to public comment on the report.
Public water systems may hold the public hearing as part of any regularly scheduled meeting. (d) The department shall not require a public water system to take any action to reduce or eliminate any exceedance of a public health goal.
(e) Enforcement of this section does not require the department to amend a public water system’s operating permit.
(f) Pending adoption of a public health goal by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 116365, and in lieu thereof, public water systems shall use the national maximum contaminant level goal adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for the corresponding contaminant for purposes of complying with the notice and hearing requirements of this section. (g) This section is intended to provide an alternative form for the federally required consumer confidence report as authorized by 42 U.S.C. Section 300g-3(c).
EXHIBIT 2
Este reporte contiene información muy importante sobre su agua potable. Tradúzcalo ó hable con alguien que lo
entienda bien. Para más información por favor llame
(951) 351-6370.
SPANISH
CHINESE JAPANESE
TAGALOG VIETNAMESE KOREAN
Riverside PublicUtilitie s.com • (951) 351 .6370 • 3750 Univ ersity Ave. 3rd Floo r • Riversid e, CA 92501 This report contains important information about your drinking water. Translate it or speak with someone who understands it.
Riverside Public Utilities tests for more than 200
regulated and unregulated contaminants in our
water system as required by state and federal
regulations. This report provides data from
sampling conducted in calendar year 2022. Only
those contaminants detected in our water system
are listed here. The state allows us to monitor for
some contaminants less than once per
year because concentrations of these
contaminants do not change frequently.
Some of our data, though representative,
are more than one year old. For a listing of
additional chemical tests, please contact
our Water Quality Division at (951) 351-6370.
WATER QUALITY REPORT
2022
Transmission
Pipelines Reservoirs Booster
Stations
Distribution
Pipelines
Treatment
Plants
WATER RESOURCES
RPU met all of its water supply needs in 2022 by utilizing groundwater sources located in the Bunker Hill and Riverside Basins. RPU directly treats some of its wells and blends all water sources at a central location before entering into distribution.
All data provided are from samples collected in the distribution system or at the entry point to the system:
RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES: 2022 WATER SAMPLING DATA
State certified independent laboratories perform water tests RiversidePublicUtilities.com • (951) 351-6370 • 3750 University Ave., 3rd Floor • Riverside, CA 92501 We are pleased to report that our water
met or surpassed all state and federal
drinking water quality standards in 2022.
29,800 - Total samples collected.
15,800 - Samples collected for
source and system compliance
and monitoring.
6,000 - Samples collected to test
for bacteria.
$
$586,310 - Spent on
compliance laboratory costs.
8,000 - Samples collected for
treatment plant compliance
and monitoring.
CONTAMINANT STATE MCL STATE PHG RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES SOURCES IN DRINKING
WATERAVERAGE RANGE
MICROBIOLOGICAL
Total Coliform (P/A) (a) >5% 0 (MCLG) 0.18% 0 - 0.99% Naturally present in environment
CLARITY
Turbidity (John W. North Treatment Plant) TT NS 0.06 NTU (Highest)
100% Meeting
turbidity limits Soil runoff
REGULATED ORGANIC
Total Trihalomethanes “TTHMs” 80 ug/L NS
4 ug/L
(Highest
LRAA)
1.2 - 6.0 ug/L By-product of drinking
water disinfection
Chlorine 4 mg/L as Cl2
(MRDL)
4 mg/L as Cl2
(MRDLG) 0.61 mg/L 0.21 - 0.88 mg/L Drinking water disinfectant added for treatment
REGULATED INORGANIC
Arsenic 10 ug/L 0.004 ug/L 2.1 ug/L ND - 4.4 ug/L Erosion of natural deposits Fluoride 2 mg/L 1 mg/L 0.48 mg/L 0.44 - 0.52 mg/L Naturally present in environment
Nitrate (as nitrogen, N) 10 mg/L 10 mg/L 5.6 mg/L 5.0 - 7.5 mg/L Naturally present in environment
Perchlorate 6 ug/L 1 ug/L ND ND - 2.9 ug/L
Inorganic chemical used
in variety of industrial
operatives
RADIOLOGICAL
Uranium 20 pCi/L 0.43 pCi/L 6.3 pCi/L 4.3 - 8.6 pCi/L Erosion of natural deposits Gross Alpha 15 pCi/L
(Net) NS ND ND - 10 pCi/L
“Net” Gross Alpha Erosion of natural deposits
LEAD/COPPER (AL)
(90% Household Tap)
Copper
1300 ug/L 300 ug/L 90th percentile of 51 samples: 520 ug/L, Zero samples exceeded the Action Level
Lead 15 ug/L 0.2 ug/L 90th percentile of 51 samples: ND, Zero samples exceeded the Action Level
UNREGULATED CHEMICALS NOTIFICATION LEVEL RIVERSIDE
AVERAGE RANGE
Chlorodibromoacetic acid NS 0.08 ug/L ND - 0.33 ug/L 2019 UCMR4 Data Germanium (total) NS 0.28 ug/L ND - 0.44 ug/L 2019 UCMR4 Data P e r fl u o r o o c t a n e s u l f o n i c s u l f o n a t e ( P F O S ) 6.5 ng/L ND ND - 4.9 ng/L P e r fl u o r o o c t a n o i c a c i d ( P F O A ) 5.1 ng/L ND ND - 4.6 ng/L Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) 500 ng/L ND ND - 3.0 ng/L Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) NS ND ND - 3.0 ng/L Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) NS 4.8 ng/L 4.2 - 6.5 ng/L Perfluoroheptanoic Acid (PFHpA) NS ND ND
RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES 2022 WATER QUALITY REPORT
PRIMARY STANDARDS: MANDATORY HEALTH-RELATED STANDARDS
SECONDARY STANDARDS AESTHETIC STANDARDS
STATE MCL RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES SOURCES IN
DRINKING WATERAVERAGE RANGE
Chloride 500 mg/L 36 mg/L 32 - 39 mg/L Naturally present in environment
Sulfate 500 mg/L 66 mg/L 60 - 72 mg/L Naturally present in environment
Total
Dissolved
Solids "TDS"
1000 mg/L 350 mg/L 210 - 390 mg/L Naturally present in
environment
Specific
Conductance
1600
umho/cm
563
umho/cm
500 - 610
umho/cm
Substances form
ions in water
pH Units NS 8 Units 7.2 - 9.9 Units Naturally present in environment
Hardness
(CaCO3)
(12 gpg)
NS 202 mg/L 180 - 220 mg/L Naturally present in
environment
STATE MCL RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES SOURCES IN
DRINKING WATERAVERAGE RANGE
Alkalinity
(CaCO3) NS 166 mg/L 150 - 180 mg/L Naturally present in environment
Sodium NS 44 mg/L 41 - 45 mg/L Naturally present in
environment
Calcium NS 65 mg/L 59 - 71 mg/L Naturally present in
environment
Potassium NS 3 mg/L 2.8 - 3.4 mg/L Naturally present in environment
Magnesium NS 9.1 mg/L 7.9 - 10 mg/L Naturally present in environment
Turbidity 5 NTU 0.09 NTU ND - 1.5 NTU Naturally present in environment
Odor 3 TON ND ND - 1 TON Naturally present in
environment
An important message about drinking
water sources from the US EPA
The sources of drinking water (both tap water
and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams,
ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water
travels over the surface of land or through the
ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals,
and in some cases radioactive materials,
and can pick up substances resulting from
the presence of animals or human activity.
Contaminants that may be present in source
water include: Microbial Contaminants , such
as viruses and bacteria, that may come from
sewage treatment plants, septic systems,
agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife.
Inorganic Contaminants, such as salts and
metals, that can be naturally occurring or result
from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or
domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas
production, mining, or farming. Pesticides and
Herbicides, which may come from a variety of
sources, such as agriculture, urban stormwater
runoff, and residential uses. Organic Chemical
Contaminants, including synthetic and volatile
organic chemicals, which are by-products of
industrial processes and petroleum production
and can also come from gas stations, urban
storm water runoff, agricultural application,
and septic systems. Radioactive Contaminants,
which can be naturally occurring or be the
result of oil and gas production and mining
activities.
Regulations: In order to ensure that tap
water is safe to drink, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) and the State
Water Resources Control Board (State Board)
prescribe regulations that limit the amount of
certain contaminants in water provided by
public water systems. State Board regulations
also establish limits for contaminants in bottled
water that must provide the same protection
for public health.
Important Health Information: Some people may be
more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water
than the general population. Immunocompromised
persons, such as persons with cancer undergoing
chemotherapy, persons who have undergone
organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other
immune system disorders, some elderly people, and
infants, can be particularly at risk from infections.
These people should seek advice about drinking
water from their health care providers. USEPA/
Center for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines on
appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by
Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants
are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hot
Line. Drinking water, including bottled water, may
reasonably be expected to contain at least small
amounts of some contaminants. The presence of
contaminants does not necessarily indicate that
the water poses a health risk. More information
about contaminants and potential health effects
can be obtained by calling the USEPA’s Safe
Drinking Water Hotline at 1(800) 426-4791.
Water Sources: Riverside obtains its water supply
from groundwater stored in the Bunker Hill and
Riverside groundwater basins. An assessment of
these drinking water sources for the City of Riverside
was completed in May 2013. These sources
are considered most vulnerable to historical
contamination from industrial and agricultural
operations.
A copy of the complete assessment is available
at State Board District Office, 1350 Front Street,
Room 2050, San Diego, CA 92101 or at Riverside
Public Utilities (RPU) offices at 3750 University Ave.
3rd Floor, Riverside, CA 92501. You may request
a summary of the assessment be sent to you by
contacting the State Board district engineer or a
RPU water system representative at (951) 351-6370.
Definitions
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) The highest level
of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water.
Primary MCLs are set as close to the PHGs (or MCLGs)
as is economically and technologically feasible.
Secondary MCLs are set to protect the odor, taste, and
appearance of drinking water.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) The level of
a contaminant in drinking water below which there is
no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs are set by
the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).
Public Health Goal (PHG) The level of a contaminant
in drinking water below which there is no known or
expected health risk. PHGs are set by the California
EPA.
Regulatory Action Level (AL) The concentration of a
contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or
other requirements that a water system must follow.
Primary Drinking Water Standard (PDWS) MCLs and
MRDL’s for contaminants that affect health, along with
their monitoring and reporting requirements, and water
treatment requirements.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL) The
highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking
water. There is convincing evidence that addition
of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG)
The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which
there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs
do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.
Millirem (mrem) is a unit used to account for various
radiations that have an effect on humans.
Parts Per Million (mg/L) One part per million corresponds to one minute in two years or one penny in $10,000.
Treatment Technique (TT) A required process intended
to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.
Parts Per Billion (ug/L) One part per billion corresponds to one minute in 2,000 years or one penny in $10,000,000.
Parts Per Trillion (ng/L) One part per trillion corresponds to one minute in two million years or one penny in
$10,000,000,000.
Picocuries Per Liter (pCi/L) A measure of the radioactivity in water.
Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) A measure of
suspended material in water.
Micromhos (μMHOS) A measure of conductivity
(electric current) in water.
UCMR4 Fourth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring
Rule
NL Notification level
ND Not detected at the detection limit for reporting.
NS No standard.
GPG Grains per gallon of hardness (1 gpg = 17.1
mg/L).
LRAA Locational Running Annual Average
< Less than the detectable levels.
(a) Results of all samples collected from the distribution system during any month shall be free of total coliforms in 95% or more of the monthly samples. This Consumer
Confidence Report (CCR) reflects changes in drinking
water regulatory requirements during 2016. All water
systems are required to comply with the state Total
Coliform Rule. Beginning April 1, 2016, all water systems are also required to comply with the federal revised
Total Coliform Rule. The new federal rule maintains
the purpose to protect public health by ensuring the
integrity of the drinking water distribution system and monitoring for the presence of microbials (i.e., total
coliform and E. coli bacteria). The U.S. EPA anticipates greater public health protection as the new rule
requires water systems that are vulnerable to microbial contamination to identify and fix problems. Water
systems that exceed a specified frequency of total
coliform occurrences are required to conduct an
assessment to determine if any sanitary defects exist.
If found these must be corrected by the water system.
Additional Regulatory Information
Fluoride - The State Water Resources Control Board
(State Board) has established an “optimal” fluoride level for water at 1 mg/L. Riverside has naturally occurring
fluoride levels at 0.5 mg/L and is not planning to add
fluoride to its water by artificial means.
Nitrate - Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10
mg/L is a health risk for infants of less than six months of age. Such nitrate levels in drinking water can interfere with the capacity of an infant’s blood to carry oxygen, resulting in a serious illness; symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. Nitrate levels above 10 mg/L may also affect the ability of the blood to carry oxygen in other individuals, such as pregnant women
and those with certain specific enzyme deficiencies. If you are caring for an infant or you are pregnant, you
should ask advice about nitrate levels from your health care provider.
Riverside provides drinking water that on average
is at 5.6 mg/L and has a range from 5.0 mg/L to 7.5
mg/L during the year. The State Board has set the MCL
for nitrate at 10 mg/L. Riverside has 46 wells that are blended to comply with drinking water standards.
The city conducts extensive monitoring of the blend
operations. Seasonal variation in demand and flow, in
addition to system maintenance and repair, impact
the nitrate levels during the year.
Perchlorate - Perchlorate is a regulated drinking water contaminant in California. The maximum contaminant
level for perchlorate is 6 parts per billion. Perchlorate salts were used in solid rocket propellants and other
industrial applications.
Turbidity - A measure of the cloudiness of the water.
Turbidity is a good indicator of the effectiveness of our filtration system.
Monitoring Unregulated Contaminants
This monitoring helps USEPA to determine where certain
contaminants occur and whether the contaminants
need to be regulated. Data is available at EPA.gov/
dwucmr.
LEAD AWARENESS
CUSTOMERS MIGHT HAVE
A PRIVATE LEAD LINE
While Riverside Public Utilities has
replaced all its known lead service
lines, older homes (those typically built
before 1986) may still have a privately
owned lead or galvanized line. These
privately owned service lines connect
to Riverside Public Utilities’ water lines at
the water meter and are the customer’s
responsibility to maintain.
New Lead and Copper Rule Revisions
(LCRR) will require community water
systems to conduct an inventory of
service lines connected to the water
system’s distribution system, regardless
of ownership status, to determine
the materials of those lines. As new
guidance for the LCRR is issued,
Riverside Public Utilities will begin
to collect service line inventory for
the private-side portion of the water
service line.
The following health information is from the EPA. If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead
in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing.
Riverside Public Utilities is responsible for providing high quality drinking water but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components.
When your water has been sitting for several
hours, you can minimize the potential for lead
exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds
to two minutes before using water for drinking
or cooking. If you are concerned about lead
in your water, you may wish to have your
water tested. Information on lead in drinking
water, testing methods, and steps you can
take to minimize exposure is available from
the Safe Drinking Water Hotline, (800) 426-4791
or online at EPA.gov/Lead.
LEAD AND YOUR HEALTH
LEAD AND COPPER RULE
In 2022, 51 homes
participated in the
monitoring program.
No lead was detected
in the 90th percentile
samples. The average
value listed for copper is
the 90th percentile result.
No home exceeded the
action level for either
lead or copper. The next
monitoring program is
scheduled for 2025. From
2017-2019, RPU tested
all required schools per
State regulations.
The Lead and Copper Rule (LCR)
was developed to protect public
health and reduce exposure to lead
and copper in drinking water. The
most common sources of lead and
copper in drinking water is corrosion
of plumbing materials that may
be made with lead and copper
such as pipes, solder, fixtures, and
faucets. Water systems are required
to monitor lead and copper levels
by conducting sampling at select
customer taps. The LCR requires that
90 percent of samples taken from
drinking water taps in the program
homes must be below the action
levels. Monitoring is required every 3
years.
WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT LEAD
Riverside Public Utilities’ drinking water does not contain lead when it leaves our treatment plants. The risk for lead to get into the water is from pipes and plumbing within your home or property that are made of lead.
CUSTOMER WATER
SHUT-OFF VALVE
CUSTOMER
SERVICE LINE
RPU WATER
SERVICE LINE
RPU WATER METER
RPU WATER
MAIN
CUSTOMER RESPONSIBILITY RPU RESPONSIBILITY
TYPICAL WATER SERVICE LINE
Este reporte contiene información muy importante sobre su agua potable. Tradúzcalo ó hable con alguien que lo
entienda bien. Para más información por favor llame
(951) 351-6370.
SPANISH
CHINESE JAPANESE
TAGALOG VIETNAMESE KOREAN
Riverside PublicUtilitie s.com • (951) 351 .6370 • 3750 Univ ersity Ave. 3rd Floo r • Riversid e, CA 92501 This report contains important information about your drinking water. Translate it or speak with someone who understands it.
Riverside Public Utilities tests for more than 200
regulated and unregulated contaminants in our
water system as required by state and federal
regulations. This report provides data from
sampling conducted in calendar year 2023. Only
those contaminants detected in our water system
are listed here. The state allows us to monitor for
some contaminants less than once per
year because concentrations of these
contaminants do not change frequently.
Some of our data, though representative,
are more than one year old. For a listing of
additional chemical tests, please contact
our Water Quality Division at (951) 351-6370.
WATER QUALITY REPORT
2023
Transmission
Pipelines Reservoirs Booster
Stations
Distribution
Pipelines
Treatment
Plants
WATER RESOURCES
RPU met all of its water supply needs in 2023 by utilizing groundwater sources located in the Bunker Hill and Riverside Basins. RPU directly treats some of its wells and blends all water sources at a central location before entering into distribution.
All data provided are from samples collected in the distribution system or at the entry point to the system:
RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES: 2023 WATER SAMPLING DATA
State certified independent laboratories perform water tests RiversidePublicUtilities.com • (951) 351-6370 • 3750 University Ave., 3rd Floor • Riverside, CA 92501 We are pleased to report that our water
met or surpassed all state and federal
drinking water quality standards in 2023.
34,287 - Total samples collected.
15,723 - Samples collected for
source and system compliance
and monitoring.
6,163 - Samples collected to test
for bacteria.
$
$791,648 - Spent on
compliance laboratory costs.
12,401 - Samples collected for
treatment plant compliance
and monitoring.
CONTAMINANT STATE MCL STATE PHG RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES SOURCES IN DRINKING WATERAVERAGE RANGE
CLARITY
Turbidity (John W. North Treatment Plant) TT NS 0.07 NTU (Highest)
100% Meeting
turbidity limits Soil runoff
REGULATED ORGANIC
Total Trihalomethanes “TTHMs” 80 ug/L NS 7.0 ug/L
(Highest LRAA) 0.7 - 11.0 ug/L By-product of drinking water disinfection
Chlorine 4.0 mg/L as Cl2
(MRDL)
4 mg/L as Cl2
(MRDLG) 0.57 mg/L 0.20 - 0.99 mg/L Drinking water disinfectant added for treatment
REGULATED INORGANIC
Arsenic 10 ug/L 0.004 ug/L 2.8 ug/L ND - 4.0 ug/L Erosion of natural deposits Fluoride 2.0 mg/L 1 mg/L 0.47 mg/L 0.27 - 0.54 mg/L Naturally present in environment Nitrate (as nitrogen, N) 10 mg/L 10 mg/L 5.5 mg/L 4.8 - 6.8 mg/L Naturally present in environment Perchlorate 6 ug/L 1 ug/L ND ND - 2.5 ug/L
Inorganic chemical used in
variety of industrial & agricultural
operatives, and also found naturally
Aluminum 1 mg/L 0.6 mg/L ND ND - 0.09 mg/L
Nickel 100 ug/L 12 ug/L ND ND - 29 ug/L
RADIOLOGICAL
Uranium 20 pCi/L 0.43 pCi/L 6.1 pCi/L 4.2 - 10.8 pCi/L Erosion of natural deposits Gross Alpha 15 pCi/L
(Net) 0 ND ND - 3.2 pCi/L
“Net” Gross Alpha Erosion of natural deposits
LEAD/COPPER (AL)
(90% Household Tap)
Copper
1300 ug/L 300 ug/L 90th percentile of 51 samples: 520 ug/L, zero samples exceeded the Action Level (triannual sampling completed in 2022)
Lead 15 ug/L 0.2 ug/L 90th percentile of 51 samples: ND, zero samples exceeded the Action Level (triannual sampling completed in 2022)
UNREGULATED CHEMICALS NOTIFICATION LEVEL RIVERSIDE
AVERAGE RANGE
Chlorodibromoacetic acid NS 0.08 ug/L ND - 0.33 ug/L 2019 UCMR4 Data Germanium (total) NS 0.28 ug/L ND - 0.44 ug/L 2019 UCMR4 Data Lithium NS ND ND - 9.1 ng/L 2023 UCMR5 Data P e r fl u o r o o c t a n e s u l f o n i c s u l f o n a t e ( P F O S ) 6.5 ng/L ND ND - 4.3 ng/L Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) 500 ng/L ND ND - 3.0 ng/L Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) NS ND ND - 4.2 ng/L
Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) NS 4.9 ng/L 3.6 - 6.7 ng/L RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES 2023 WATER QUALITY REPORT
PRIMARY STANDARDS: MANDATORY HEALTH-RELATED STANDARDS
SECONDARY STANDARDS AESTHETIC STANDARDS
STATE MCL RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES SOURCES IN
DRINKING WATERAVERAGE RANGE
Chloride 500 mg/L 38 mg/L 29 - 95 mg/L Naturally present in environment
Sulfate 500 mg/L 63 mg/L 55 - 69 mg/L Naturally present in environment
Total
Dissolved
Solids "TDS"
1000 mg/L 339 mg/L 280 - 460 mg/L Naturally present
in environment
Specific
Conductance
1600
umho/cm
560
umho/cm
540 - 600
umho/cm
Substances form
ions in water
pH Units NS 7.8 Units 7.5 - 8.2 Units Naturally present in environment
Hardness
(CaCO3) NS 189 mg/L 170 - 220 mg/L 11 grains
per gallon
STATE MCL RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES SOURCES IN
DRINKING WATERAVERAGE RANGE
Alkalinity
(CaCO3) NS 173 mg/L 160 - 200 mg/L Naturally present
in environment
Sodium NS 42 mg/L 38 - 44 mg/L Naturally present
in environment
Calcium NS 61 mg/L 54 - 69 mg/L Naturally present
in environment
Potassium NS 3.1 mg/L 2.8 - 3.3 mg/L Naturally present
in environment
Magnesium NS 8.6 mg/L 7.3 - 10 mg/L Naturally present
in environment
Turbidity 5 NTU ND ND - 0.96 NTU Naturally present
in environment
An important message about drinking
water sources from the US EPA
The sources of drinking water (both tap water
and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams,
ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water
travels over the surface of land or through the
ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals,
and in some cases radioactive materials,
and can pick up substances resulting from
the presence of animals or human activity.
Contaminants that may be present in source
water include: Microbial Contaminants, such
as viruses and bacteria, that may come from
sewage treatment plants, septic systems,
agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife.
Inorganic Contaminants, such as salts and
metals, that can be naturally occurring or result
from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or
domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas
production, mining, or farming. Pesticides and
Herbicides, which may come from a variety of
sources, such as agriculture, urban stormwater
runoff, and residential uses. Organic Chemical
Contaminants, including synthetic and volatile
organic chemicals, which are by-products of
industrial processes and petroleum production
and can also come from gas stations, urban
storm water runoff, agricultural application,
and septic systems. Radioactive Contaminants,
which can be naturally occurring or be the
result of oil and gas production and mining
activities.
Regulations: In order to ensure that tap
water is safe to drink, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) and the State
Water Resources Control Board (State Board)
prescribe regulations that limit the amount of
certain contaminants in water provided by
public water systems. State Board regulations
also establish limits for contaminants in bottled
water that must provide the same protection
for public health.
Important Health Information: Some people may be
more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water
than the general population. Immunocompromised
persons, such as persons with cancer undergoing
chemotherapy, persons who have undergone
organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other
immune system disorders, some elderly people, and
infants, can be particularly at risk from infections.
These people should seek advice about drinking
water from their health care providers. USEPA/
Center for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines on
appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by
Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants
are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hot
Line. Drinking water, including bottled water, may
reasonably be expected to contain at least small
amounts of some contaminants. The presence of
contaminants does not necessarily indicate that
the water poses a health risk. More information
about contaminants and potential health effects
can be obtained by calling the USEPA’s Safe
Drinking Water Hotline at 1(800) 426-4791.
Water Sources: Riverside obtains its water supply
from groundwater stored in the Bunker Hill and
Riverside groundwater basins. An assessment of
these drinking water sources for the City of Riverside
was completed in May 2013. These sources
are considered most vulnerable to historical
contamination from industrial and agricultural
operations.
A copy of the complete assessment is available
at State Board District Office, 1350 Front Street,
Room 2050, San Diego, CA 92101 or at Riverside
Public Utilities (RPU) offices at 3750 University Ave.
3rd Floor, Riverside, CA 92501. You may request
a summary of the assessment be sent to you by
contacting the State Board district engineer or a
RPU water system representative at (951) 351-6370.
Definitions
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) The highest level
of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water.
Primary MCLs are set as close to the PHGs (or MCLGs)
as is economically and technologically feasible.
Secondary MCLs are set to protect the odor, taste, and
appearance of drinking water.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) The level of
a contaminant in drinking water below which there is
no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs are set by
the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).
Public Health Goal (PHG) The level of a contaminant
in drinking water below which there is no known or
expected health risk. PHGs are set by the California
EPA.
Regulatory Action Level (AL) The concentration of a
contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or
other requirements that a water system must follow.
Primary Drinking Water Standard (PDWS) MCLs and
MRDL’s for contaminants that affect health, along with
their monitoring and reporting requirements, and water
treatment requirements.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL) The
highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking
water. There is convincing evidence that addition
of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG)
The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which
there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs
do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.
Millirem (mrem) is a unit used to account for various
radiations that have an effect on humans.
Parts Per Million (mg/L) One part per million corresponds to one minute in two years or one penny in $10,000.
Treatment Technique (TT) A required process intended
to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.
Parts Per Billion (ug/L) One part per billion corresponds to one minute in 2,000 years or one penny in $10,000,000.
Parts Per Trillion (ng/L) One part per trillion corresponds to one minute in two million years or one penny in
$10,000,000,000.
Picocuries Per Liter (pCi/L) A measure of the radioactivity in water.
Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) A measure of
suspended material in water.
Micromhos (μMHOS) A measure of conductivity
(electric current) in water.
UCMR4 Fourth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring
Rule
NL Notification level
ND Not detected at the detection limit for reporting.
NS No standard.
GPG Grains per gallon of hardness (1 gpg = 17.1
mg/L).
LRAA Locational Running Annual Average
< Less than the detectable levels.
Additional Regulatory Information
Fluoride - The State Water Resources Control Board
(State Board) has established an “optimal” fluoride level for water at 1 mg/L. Riverside has naturally occurring
fluoride levels at 0.5 mg/L and is not planning to add
fluoride to its water by artificial means.
Nitrate - Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10
mg/L is a health risk for infants of less than six months of age. Such nitrate levels in drinking water can interfere with the capacity of an infant’s blood to carry oxygen, resulting in a serious illness; symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. Nitrate levels above 10 mg/L may also affect the ability of the blood to carry oxygen in other individuals, such as pregnant women
and those with certain specific enzyme deficiencies. If you are caring for an infant or you are pregnant, you
should ask advice about nitrate levels from your health care provider.
Riverside provides drinking water that on average
is at 5.5 mg/L and has a range from 4.8 mg/L to 6.8
mg/L during the year. The State Board has set the MCL
for nitrate at 10 mg/L. Riverside has 45 wells that are blended to comply with drinking water standards.
The city conducts extensive monitoring of the blend
operations. Seasonal variation in demand and flow, in
addition to system maintenance and repair, impact
the nitrate levels during the year.
Perchlorate - Perchlorate is a regulated drinking water contaminant in California. The maximum contaminant
level for perchlorate is 6 parts per billion. Perchlorate salts were used in solid rocket propellants and other
industrial applications, in addition to leaching from
fertilizer use and erosion of natural deposits.
Turbidity - A measure of the cloudiness of the water.
Turbidity is a good indicator of the effectiveness of our filtration system.
Monitoring Unregulated Contaminants
This monitoring helps USEPA to determine where certain
contaminants occur and whether the contaminants
need to be regulated. Data is available at EPA.gov/
dwucmr.
LEAD AWARENESS
CUSTOMERS MIGHT HAVE
A PRIVATE LEAD LINE
While Riverside Public Utilities has
replaced all its known lead service
lines, older homes (those typically built
before 1986) may still have a privately
owned lead or galvanized line. These
privately owned service lines connect
to Riverside Public Utilities’ water lines at
the water meter and are the customer’s
responsibility to maintain.
New Lead and Copper Rule Revisions
(LCRR) require community water
systems to conduct an inventory of
service lines connected to the water
system’s distribution system, regardless
of ownership status, to determine the
materials of those lines. Riverside Public
Utilities is in the process of collecting
service line material information for the
private-side portion of the water service
line. More information can be found at
RiversidePublicUtilities.com/LeadAwareness
The following health information is from the EPA. If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead
in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing.
Riverside Public Utilities is responsible for providing high quality drinking water but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components.
When your water has been sitting for several
hours, you can minimize the potential for lead
exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds
to two minutes before using water for drinking
or cooking. If you are concerned about lead
in your water, you may wish to have your
water tested. Information on lead in drinking
water, testing methods, and steps you can
take to minimize exposure is available from
the Safe Drinking Water Hotline, (800) 426-4791
or online at EPA.gov/Lead.
LEAD AND YOUR HEALTH
LEAD AND COPPER RULE
In 2022, 51 homes
participated in the
monitoring program.
No lead was detected
in the 90th percentile
samples. The average
value listed for copper is
the 90th percentile result.
No home exceeded the
action level for either
lead or copper. The next
monitoring program is
scheduled for 2025. From
2017-2019, RPU tested
all required schools per
State regulations.
The Lead and Copper Rule (LCR)
was developed to protect public
health and reduce exposure to lead
and copper in drinking water. The
most common sources of lead and
copper in drinking water is corrosion
of plumbing materials that may
be made with lead and copper
such as pipes, solder, fixtures, and
faucets. Water systems are required
to monitor lead and copper levels
by conducting sampling at select
customer taps. The LCR requires that
90 percent of samples taken from
drinking water taps in the program
homes must be below the action
levels. Monitoring is required every 3
years.
WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT LEAD
Riverside Public Utilities’ drinking water does not contain lead when it leaves our treatment plants. The risk for lead to get into the water is from pipes and plumbing within your home or property that are made of lead.
Este reporte contiene información muy importante sobre su agua potable. Tradúzcalo ó hable con alguien que lo
entienda bien. Para más información por favor llame
(951) 351-6370.
SPANISH
CHINESE JAPANESE
TAGALOG VIETNAMESE KOREAN
Riverside PublicUtilitie s.com • (951) 351 .6370 • 3750 Univ ersity Ave. 3rd Floo r • Riversid e, CA 92501 This report contains important information about your drinking water. Translate it or speak with someone who understands it.
Riverside Public Utilities tests for more than 200
regulated and unregulated contaminants in our
water system as required by state and federal
regulations. This report provides data from
sampling conducted in calendar year 2024. Only
those contaminants detected in our water supply
are listed here. The state allows us to monitor
for some contaminants less than once per
year because concentrations of these
contaminants do not change frequently.
Some of our data, though representative,
are more than one year old. For a listing of
additional chemical tests, please contact
our Water Quality Division at (951) 351-6370.
Transmission
Pipelines Reservoirs Booster
Stations
Distribution
Pipelines
Treatment
Plants
WATER RESOURCES
RPU met all of its water supply needs in 2024 by utilizing groundwater sources located in the Bunker Hill and Riverside Basins. RPU directly treats some of its wells and blends all water sources at a central location before entering into distribution.
Unless otherwise noted all data provided are from samples collected in the distribution system or at the entry point to the system:
RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES: 2024 WATER SAMPLING DATA
State certified independent laboratories perform water tests RiversidePublicUtilities.com • (951) 351-6370 • 3750 University Ave., 3rd Floor • Riverside, CA 92501 We are pleased to report that our water
met or surpassed all state and federal
drinking water quality standards in 2024.
36,004 - Total samples collected.
16,980 - Samples collected for
source and system compliance
and monitoring.
6,615 - Samples collected to test
for bacteria.
$
$828,852 - Spent on compliance
laboratory costs.
12,409 - Samples collected for
treatment plant compliance
and monitoring.
2024 WATER QUALITY REPORT
CONTAMINANT STATE MCL STATE PHG RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES SOURCES IN DRINKING WATERAVERAGE RANGE
CLARITY
Turbidity (John W. North Treatment Plant) TT NS 0.17 NTU (Highest) 99.30% Soil runoff
REGULATED ORGANIC
Total Trihalomethanes “TTHMs” 80 ug/L NS 6.3 ug/L
(Highest LRAA) 0.8 - 7.6 ug/L By-product of drinking water disinfection
Chlorine 4.0 mg/L as Cl2
(MRDL)
4 mg/L as Cl2
(MRDLG) 0.60 mg/L 0.24 - 0.88 mg/L Drinking water disinfectant added for treatment
REGULATED INORGANIC
Arsenic 10 ug/L 0.004 ug/L 2.8 ug/L ND - 6.5 ug/L Erosion of natural deposits Fluoride 2.0 mg/L 1 mg/L 0.46 mg/L 0.41 - 0.51 mg/L Naturally present in environment Nitrate (as nitrogen, N) 10 mg/L 10 mg/L 5.4 mg/L 4.6 - 6.8 mg/L Naturally present in environment Perchlorate 6 ug/L 1 ug/L 2.0 ug/L ND - 2.9 ug/L
Inorganic chemical used in
variety of industrial & agricultural
operatives, and also found naturally
Selenium 50 ug/L 30 ug/L 1.9 ug/L ND - 16 ug/L
Chromium, Hexavalent 10 ug/L 0.02 ug/L 2.1 ug/L N/A
RADIOLOGICAL
Uranium 20 pCi/L 0.43 pCi/L 6.5 pCi/L 5.1 - 11.7 pCi/L Erosion of natural deposits Gross Alpha Particle Activity 15 pCi/L
(Net) 0 ND ND - 4.7 pCi/L
“Net” Gross Alpha Erosion of natural deposits
LEAD/COPPER (AL)
(90% Household Tap)
Copper
1300 ug/L 300 ug/L 90th percentile of 51 samples: 520 ug/L, zero samples exceeded the Action Level (triannual sampling completed in 2022)
Lead 15 ug/L 0.2 ug/L 90th percentile of 51 samples: ND, zero samples exceeded the Action Level (triannual sampling completed in 2022)
UNREGULATED CHEMICALS NOTIFICATION LEVEL RIVERSIDE
AVERAGE RANGE
Lithium NS ND ND - 9.1 ng/L 2023 UCMR5 Data Perfluoro-N-Butanoic acid (PFBA) NS ND ND - 5.4 ng/L
Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) NS 3.5 ng/L ND - 4.4 ng/L Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) NS 5.9 ng/L 4.3 - 8.1 ng/L RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES 2024 WATER QUALITY REPORT
PRIMARY STANDARDS: MANDATORY HEALTH-RELATED STANDARDS
SECONDARY STANDARDS AESTHETIC STANDARDS
STATE MCL RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES SOURCES IN
DRINKING WATERAVERAGE RANGE
Chloride 500 mg/L 33 mg/L 31 - 36 mg/L Naturally present in environment
Sulfate 500 mg/L 66 mg/L 55 - 72 mg/L Naturally present in environment
Total
Dissolved
Solids "TDS"
1000 mg/L 350 mg/L 320 - 380 mg/L Naturally present
in environment
Specific
Conductance
1600
umho/cm
555
umho/cm
530 - 580
umho/cm
Substances form
ions in water
pH Units NS 7.8 Units 7.5 - 8.2 Units Naturally present in environment
Hardness
(CaCO3) NS
194 mg/L
(11 grains
per gallon)
180 - 210 mg/L Naturally present
in environment
STATE MCL RIVERSIDE PUBLIC UTILITIES SOURCES IN
DRINKING WATERAVERAGE RANGE
Alkalinity
(CaCO3) NS 161 mg/L 150 - 180 mg/L Naturally present
in environment
Sodium NS 41 mg/L 38 - 44 mg/L Naturally present
in environment
Calcium NS 63 mg/L 59 - 67 mg/L Naturally present
in environment
Potassium NS 3.2 mg/L 3.1 - 3.4 mg/L Naturally present
in environment
Magnesium NS 9.0 mg/L 8.3 - 9.8 mg/L Naturally present
in environment
Turbidity 5 NTU ND ND - 0.28 NTU Naturally present
in environment
An important message about drinking
water sources from the US EPA
The sources of drinking water (both tap water
and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams,
ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water
travels over the surface of the land or through
the ground, it dissolves naturally-occurring
minerals and, in some cases, radioactive
material, and can pick up substances resulting
from the presence of animals or from human
activity. Contaminants that may be present in
source water include: Microbial Contaminants,
such as viruses and bacteria, that may come
from sewage treatment plants, septic systems,
agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife.
Inorganic Contaminants, such as salts and
metals, that can be naturally-occurring or
result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or
domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas
production, mining, or farming. Pesticides and
Herbicides, that may come from a variety of
sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater
runoff, and residential uses. Organic Chemical
Contaminants, including synthetic and volatile
organic chemicals, that are byproducts of
industrial processes and petroleum production,
and can also come from gas stations, urban
stormwater runoff, agricultural application, and
septic systems. Radioactive Contaminants, that
can be naturally-occurring or be the result of oil
and gas production and mining activities.
Regulations: In order to ensure that tap water is
safe to drink, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) and the State Water Resources
Control Board (State Board) prescribe regulations
that limit the amount of certain contaminants
in water provided by public water systems.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations
and California law also establish limits for
contaminants in bottled water that provide the
same protection for public health.
Important Health Information: Some people may
be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking
water than the general population. Immuno-
compromised persons such as persons with cancer
undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have
undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS
or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and
infants can be particularly at risk from infections.
These people should seek advice about drinking
water from their health care providers. USEPA/
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines on
appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by
Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants
are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline.
Drinking water, including bottled water, may
reasonably be expected to contain at least small
amounts of some contaminants. The presence of
contaminants does not necessarily indicate that
water poses a health risk. More information about
contaminants and potential health effects can be
obtained by calling the USEPA’s Safe Drinking Water
Hotline 1(800) 426-4791.
Water Sources: Riverside obtains its water supply from
groundwater stored in the Bunker Hill and Riverside
groundwater basins. An assessment of these drinking
water sources for the City of Riverside was completed
in May 2013. These sources are considered most
vulnerable to historical contamination from industrial
and agricultural operations.
A copy of the complete assessment is available at
State Board District Office, 1350 Front Street, Room
2050, San Diego, CA 92101 or at Riverside Public
Utilities (RPU) offices at 3750 University Ave. 3rd Floor, Riverside, CA 92501. You may request a summary
of the assessment be sent to you by contacting the
State Board district engineer or a RPU water system
representative at (951) 351-6370.
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) The highest level
of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water.
Primary MCLs are set as close to the PHGs (or MCLGs)
as is economically and technologically feasible.
Secondary MCLs are set to protect the odor, taste, and
appearance of drinking water.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) The level of
a contaminant in drinking water below which there is
no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs are set by
the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).
Public Health Goal (PHG) The level of a contaminant
in drinking water below which there is no known or
expected health risk. PHGs are set by the California
EPA.
Regulatory Action Level (AL) The concentration of a
contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or
other requirements that a water system must follow.
Primary Drinking Water Standard (PDWS) MCLs, MRDLs
and treatment techniques (TTs) for contaminants that
affect health, along with their monitoring and reporting requirements.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL) The highest
level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is
necessary for control of microbial contaminants.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG)
The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which
there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs
do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.
Treatment Technique (TT) A required process intended
to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.
Millirem (mrem) is a unit used to account for various
radiations that have an effect on humans.
Parts Per Million (mg/L) One part per million corresponds to one minute in two years or one penny in $10,000.
Parts Per Billion (ug/L) One part per billion corresponds to one minute in 2,000 years or one penny in $10,000,000.
Parts Per Trillion (ng/L) One part per trillion corresponds to one minute in two million years or one penny in
$10,000,000,000.
Picocuries Per Liter (pCi/L) A measure of the radioactivity in water.
Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) A measure of
suspended material in water.
Micromhos (μMHOS) A measure of conductivity (electric
current) in water.
UCMR5 Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule
NL Notification level
ND Not detected at the detection limit for reporting.
NS No standard.
GPG Grains per gallon of hardness (1 gpg = 17.1
mg/L).
LRAA Locational Running Annual Average
< Less than the detectable levels.
Additional Regulatory Information
Fluoride - The State Water Resources Control Board
(State Board) has established an “optimal” fluoride level for water at 1 mg/L. Riverside has naturally occurring
fluoride levels at 0.5 mg/L and is not planning to add
fluoride to its water by artificial means.
Nitrate - Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10
mg/L is a health risk for infants of less than six months of age. Such nitrate levels in drinking water can interfere with the capacity of an infant’s blood to carry oxygen, resulting in a serious illness; symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. Nitrate levels above 10 mg/L may also affect the ability of the blood to carry oxygen in other individuals, such as pregnant women
and those with certain specific enzyme deficiencies. If you are caring for an infant or you are pregnant, you
should ask advice about nitrate levels from your health care provider.
Riverside provides drinking water that on average
is at 5.4 mg/L and has a range from 4.6 mg/L to 6.8
mg/L during the year. The State Board has set the MCL
for nitrate at 10 mg/L. Riverside has 45 wells that are blended to comply with drinking water standards.
The city conducts extensive monitoring of the blend
operations. Seasonal variation in demand and flow, in
addition to system maintenance and repair, impact
the nitrate levels during the year.
Perchlorate - Perchlorate is a regulated drinking water contaminant in California. The maximum contaminant
level for perchlorate is 6 parts per billion. Perchlorate salts were used in solid rocket propellants and other
industrial applications, in addition to leaching from
fertilizer use and erosion of natural deposits.
Turbidity - A measure of the cloudiness of the water.
Turbidity is a good indicator of the effectiveness of our filtration system.
Monitoring Unregulated Contaminants
This monitoring helps USEPA to determine where certain
contaminants occur and whether the contaminants
need to be regulated. Data is available at EPA.gov/
dwucmr.
DEFINITIONS
Lead can cause serious health effects in people of all ages, especially pregnant people, infants (both formula-fed and breastfed), and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and parts used in service lines and in home plumbing.
Riverside Public Utilities is responsible for providing high quality drinking water and removing lead pipes but cannot control the variety of materials used in the plumbing in your home.
Because lead levels may vary over time, lead exposure is possible even when your tap sampling results do not detect lead at one point in time.
You can help protect yourself and your family by identifying and removing lead materials within your home plumbing and taking steps to reduce your family’s risk. Using a filter, certified by an American National Standards Institute accredited
certifier to reduce lead, is effective in reducing lead exposures.
Follow the instructions provided with the filter to ensure the filter is used properly.
Use only cold water for drinking, cooking, and making baby formula. Boiling water does not remove lead from water.
Before using tap water for drinking, cooking, or making baby formula, flush your pipes for several minutes. You can do this by running your tap, taking a shower, doing laundry or a load of dishes. If you have a lead service line or galvanized requiring replacement service line, you may need to flush your pipes for a longer period.
If you are concerned about lead in your water and wish to have your water tested, contact our Water Quality Division at (951) 351-6370. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available at EPA.gov/Safewater/Lead
LEAD AND YOUR HEALTH
LEAD AWARENESS
While Riverside Public Utilities has replaced all its known lead service lines, older homes (those typically built before 1986) may still have a privately owned lead or galvanized line.
These privately owned service lines connect to Riverside Public Utilities’ water lines at the water meter and are the customer’s responsibility to maintain.
EPA lead and copper rules require community water systems to conduct an inventory of service lines connected to the water system’s distribution system to determine the materials of those lines. Riverside Public Utilities has prepared a Service Line Material Inventory Map that is updated as lines are inspected, worked on, or replaced. This Inventory Map can be found at RiversidePublicUtilities.com/ServiceLineInventory
CUSTOMERS MIGHT HAVE A PRIVATE LEAD LINE
Riverside Public Utilities (RPU) works hard to ensure your drinking water is safe by meeting or exceeding all State and Federal standards. One important part of this is our Cross-Connection Control Program, which prevents backflow—when water flows backward and could contaminate the public water supply. Cross-connections, like garden hoses left in pools or irrigation systems, can pose serious risks if not properly managed. To help protect our water, RPU encourages customers to use and maintain Backflow Prevention Assemblies (BPAs), follow backflow prevention tips, and take steps to prevent BPA theft.
CROSS CONNECTION CONTROL & BACKFLOW PREVENTION
LEAD AND COPPER RULE
The Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) was
developed to protect public health and
reduce exposure to lead and copper in
drinking water. The most common source
of lead and copper in drinking water is
corrosion of plumbing materials that may
be made with lead and copper such as
pipes, solder, fixtures, and faucets. Water
systems are required to monitor lead and
copper levels by conducting sampling at
select customer taps. The LCR requires that
90 percent of samples taken from drinking
water taps in the program homes must
be below the action levels. Monitoring is
required every 3 years.
In 2022, 51 homes participated in the
monitoring program. No lead was
detected in the 90th percentile samples.
The average value listed for copper is the
90th percentile result. No home exceeded
the action level for either lead or copper.
The next monitoring program is scheduled
for 2025. From 2017-2019, RPU tested all
required schools per State regulations.
WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT LEAD
Riverside Public Utilities’ drinking water
does not contain lead when it leaves our
treatment plants. The risk for lead to get
into the water is from pipes and plumbing
within your home or property that are
made of lead.
EXHIBIT 3
MCLs, DLRs, and PHGs for
Regulated Drinking Water Contaminants
Updated November 2024
The following tables include California’s maximum contaminant levels (MCLs), detection limits for purposes of reporting (DLRs), public health goals (PHGs) from the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). For comparison, Federal MCLs and Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs) from the U.S. EPA are also displayed. Previous MCLs that are no longer effective are shown in italics. Regulatory citations refer to Title 22 of the California Code of Regulations (22 CCR) and Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR).
This document refers to several units of measurement commonly used in assessing water quality. Concentrations of substances in drinking water are typically expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/L), micrograms per liter (µg/L), nanograms per liter (ng/L), and picocuries per liter (pCi/L). These units help quantify the presence of various chemicals, metals, or radioactive materials. For reference, 1 mg/L equals 1,000 µg/L, and 1 µg/L equals 1,000 ng/L, providing a clear scale for understanding the quantities discussed. Picocuries per liter (pCi/L) measure radioactive material, where 1 pCi/L represents a trillionth of a curie, a standard unit for radioactivity.
Inorganic Chemicals
The information in the following table can be found in 22 CCR §64431 (California MCLs), 22 CCR §64432 (California DLRs), OEHHA’s website (California PHGs), 40 CFR §141.23 (U.S. EPA MCLs), and 40 CFR §141.51 (U.S. EPA MCLGs). The values in this table are in units of micrograms per liter (µg/L) unless otherwise stated.
Inorganic Chemicals
California U.S. EPA
MCL MCL Effective
Date DLR PHG PHG
Date MCL MCL Effective
Date MCLG
Aluminum 1,000 1989-02-25 50 600 2001 -- -- --
Antimony 6 1994-09-08 6 1 2016 6 1994-01-17 6
Arsenic 10
50 2008-11-28
1977
2 0.004 2004 10
50 2006-01-23
1977-06-24
zero
Asbestos1 7 1994-09-08 0.2 7 2003 7 1992-07-30 7
1 Asbestos units are in million fibers per liter (MFL); for fibers >10 microns long.
Inorganic Chemicals
California U.S. EPA
MCL MCL Effective
Date DLR PHG PHG
Date MCL MCL Effective
Date MCLG
Barium 1,000 1977 100 2,000 2003 2,000
1,000
1992-07-30
1977-06-24
2000
Beryllium 4 1994-09-08 1 1 2003 4 1994-01-17 4
Cadmium 5
10 1994-09-08
1977
1 0.04 2006 5
10 1992-07-30
1977-06-24
5 Chromium, Hexavalent 10 2024-10-01 0.1 0.02 2011 -- -- -- Chromium, Total 50 1977 10 none2 -- 100
50 1992-07-30
1997-06-24
100
Cyanide 150
200
2003-06-12
1994-09-08
100 150 1997 200 1994-01-17 200
Fluoride 2,000 1998-04 100 1,000 1997 4,000 1987-10-02 4000 Mercury (inorganic) 2 1977 1 1.2 1999 2 1977-06-24 2
Nickel 100 1994-09-08 10 12 2001 -- Remanded --
Nitrate (as nitrogen, N) 10,000 as
N
1977 400 10,000
as N3
2018 10,000 1977-06-24 10
mg/L
Nitrite (as N) 1,000 as
N
1994-09-08 400 1,000 as
N
2018 1,000 1992-07-30 1 mg/L
Nitrate + Nitrite (as N) 10,000 as
N
1994-09-08 -- 10,000
as N
2018 10,000 1992-07-30 10,000
Perchlorate 6 2007-10-18 1 1 2015 -- -- --
Selenium 50
10 1994-09-08
1977
5 30 2010 50
10 1992-07-30
1977-06-24
50 Thallium 2 1994-09-08 1 0.1 1999 2 1994-01-17 0.5
2 In November 2001, OEHHA withdrew the 0.0025 mg/L PHG adopted in 1999. 3 The PHG for nitrate can also be expressed as 45 mg/L as NO3.
Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
The information in the following table can be found in 22 CCR §64444 (California MCLs), 22 CCR §64445.1 (California DLRs), OEHHA’s website(California PHGs), 40 CFR §141.61 (U.S. EPA MCLs), and 40 CFR §141.50 (U.S. EPA MCLGs). The values in this table are in units of micrograms per liter (µg/L).
Volatile Organic Chemicals
(VOCs)
California U.S. EPA
MCL MCL Effective
Date DLR PHG PHG
Date MCL MCL Effective
Date MCLG
Benzene 1 1989-02-25 0.5 0.15 2001 5 1989-01-09 zero
Carbon tetrachloride 0.5 1989-04-05 0.5 0.1 2000 5 1989-01-09 zero 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 600 1994-09-08 0.5 600 1997 600 1992-07-30 600 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) 5 1989-04-05 0.5 6 1997 75 1989-01-09 75 1,1-Dichloroethane (1,1-DCA) 5 1990-06-24 0.5 3 2003 -- -- -- 1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) 0.5 1989-04-05 0.5 0.4 1999 5 1989-01-09 zero 1,1-Dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) 6 1989-02-25 0.5 10 1999 7 1989-01-09 7 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 6 1994-09-08 0.5 13 2018 70 1992-07-30 70 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 10 1994-09-08 0.5 50 2018 100 1992-07-30 100 Dichloromethane
(Methylene chloride)
5 1994-09-08 0.5 4 2000 5 1994-01-17 zero
1,2-Dichloropropane 5 1990-06-24 0.5 0.5 1999 5 1992-07-30 zero 1,3-Dichloropropene 0.5 1989-02-25 0.5 0.2 1999 -- -- -- Ethylbenzene
300
700
680
2003-06-12
1994-09-08
1989-02-25
0.5 300 1997 700 1992-07-30 700
Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) 13 2000-05-17 3 13 1999 -- -- -- Monochlorobenzene 70
30 1994-09-08
1989-02-25
0.5 70 2014 100 1992-07-30 100
Styrene 100 1994-09-08 0.5 0.5 2010 100 1992-07-30 100
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1 1989-02-25 0.5 0.1 2003 -- -- -- Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) 5 1989-05 0.5 0.06 2001 5 1992-07-30 zero Toluene 150 1994-09-08 0.5 150 1999 1,000 1992-07-30 1,000
Volatile Organic Chemicals
(VOCs)
California U.S. EPA
MCL MCL Effective
Date DLR PHG PHG
Date MCL MCL Effective
Date MCLG
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 5
70 2003-06-12
1994-09-08
0.5 5 1999 70 1994-01-17 70
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
(1,1,1-TCA)
200 1989-02-25 0.5 1000 2006 200 1989-01-09 200
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
(1,1,2-TCA)
5 32
1994-09-08
1989-04-05
0.5 0.3 2006 5 1994-01-17 3
Trichloroethylene (TCE) 5 1989-02-25 0.5 1.7 2009 5 1989-01-09 zero Trichlorofluoromethane
(Freon 11)
150 1990-06-24 5 1,300 2014 -- -- --
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-
Trifluoroethane (Freon 113)
1,200 1990-06-24 10 4,000 1997 -- -- --
Vinyl chloride 0.5 1989-04-05 0.5 0.05 2000 2 1989-01-09 zero Xylenes 1,750 1989-02-25 0.5 1,800 1997 10,000 1992-07-30 10,000 Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
The information in the following table can be found in 22 CCR §64444 (California MCLs), 22 CCR §64445.1 (California DLRs), OEHHA’s website(California PHGs), 40 CFR §141.61 (U.S. EPA MCLs), and 40 CFR §141.50 (U.S. EPA MCLGs). The values in this table are in units of micrograms per liter (µg/L).
Synthetic Organic
Chemicals
(SOCs)
California U.S. EPA
MCL MCL Effective
Date DLR PHG PHG
Date MCL MCL Effective
Date MCLG
Alachlor 2 1994-09-08 1 4 1997 2 1992-07-30 zero
Atrazine 1
3 2003-06-12
1989-04-05
0.5 0.15 1999 3 1992-07-30 3
Bentazon 18 1989-04-05 2 200 1999 -- -- --
Benzo(a)pyrene 0.2 1994-09-08 0.1 0.007 2010 0.2 1994-01-17 zero Carbofuran 18 1990-06-24 5 0.7 2016 40 1992-07-30 40
Chlordane 0.1 1990-06-24 0.1 0.03 1997 2 1992-07-30 zero
Synthetic Organic
Chemicals
(SOCs)
California U.S. EPA
MCL MCL Effective
Date DLR PHG PHG
Date MCL MCL Effective
Date MCLG
Dalapon 200 1994-09-08 10 790 1997 200 1994-01-17 200
1,2-Dibromo-3-
chloropropane (DBCP)
0.2 0.1
1991-05-03
1989-07-26
0.01 0.003 2020 0.2 1992-07-30 zero
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D)
70 100
1994-09-08
1977
10 20 2009 70
100
1992-07-30
1977-06-24
70 Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate 400 1994-09-08 5 200 2003 400 1994-01-17 400 Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
(DEHP)
4 1990-06-24 3 12 1997 6 1994-01-17 zero
Dinoseb 7 1994-09-08 2 14 1997 7 1994-01-17 7
Diquat 20 1994-09-08 4 6 2016 20 1994-01-17 20
Endothal 100 1994-09-08 45 94 2014 100 1994-01-17 100
Endrin 2
0.2 1994-09-08
1977
0.1 0.3 2016 2
0.2 1994-01-17
1977-06-24
2 Ethylene dibromide (EDB) 0.05
0.02 1994-09-08
1989-02-25
0.02 0.01 2003 0.05 1992-07-30 zero
Glyphosate 700 1990-06-24 25 900 2007 700 1994-01-17 700 Heptachlor 0.01 1990-06-24 0.01 0.008 1999 0.4 1992-07-30 zero Heptachlor epoxide 0.01 1990-06-24 0.01 0.006 1999 0.2 1992-07-30 zero Hexachlorobenzene 1 1994-09-08 0.5 0.03 2003 1 1994-01-17 zero Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 50 1994-09-08 1 2 2014 50 1994-01-17 50 Lindane 0.2
4 1994-09-08
1977
0.2 0.032 1999 0.2
4 1992-07-30
1977
0.2 Methoxychlor
30 40
100
2003-06-12
1994-09-08
1977
10 0.09 2010 40
100
1992-07-30
1977-06-24
40 Molinate 20 1989-04-05 2 1 2008 -- -- --
Oxamyl 50
200
2003-06-12
1994-09-08
20 26 2009 200 1994-01-17 200
Synthetic Organic
Chemicals
(SOCs)
California U.S. EPA
MCL MCL Effective
Date DLR PHG PHG
Date MCL MCL Effective
Date MCLG
Pentachlorophenol 1 1994-09-08 0.2 0.3 2009 1 1992-07-30 zero Picloram 500 1994-09-08 1 166 2016 500 1994-01-17 500
Polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs)
0.5 1994-09-08 0.5 0.09 2007 0.5 1992-07-30 zero
Simazine 4
10 1994-09-08
1989-04-05
1 4 2001 4 1994-01-17 4
Thiobencarb 70 1989-04-05 1 42 2016 -- -- --
Toxaphene 3
5 1994-09-08
1977
1 0.03 2003 3
5 1992-07-30
1977-06-24
zero
1,2,3-Trichloropropane 0.005 2017-12-14 0.005 0.0007 2009 -- -- -- 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin) 0.00003 1994-09-08 5 x10-6 5 x10-8 2010 0.00003 1994-01-17 zero 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) 50
10 1994-09-08
1977
1 3 2014 50
10 1992-07-30
1977-06-24
50 Disinfectant Residuals
Standards for disinfectant residuals are called “Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels” (MRDLs) instead of MCLs. Similarly, goals are called “Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goals” (MRDLGs). The information in the following table can be found in 22 CCR §64533.5 (California MRDLs), 40 CFR §141.65 (U.S. EPA MRDLs), and 40 CFR §141.54 (U.S. EPA MRDLGs). The values in this table are in units of milligrams per liter (mg/L).
Disinfectant
Residuals
California U.S. EPA
MRDL MRDL Effective Date DLR PHG PHG Date MRDL MRDL Effective Date MRDLG Chlorine 4.0 (as Cl2) 2006-06-17 -- -- -- 4.0 1999-02-16 4 Chloramines 4.0 (as Cl2) 2006-06-17 -- -- -- 4.0 1999-02-16 4 Chlorine dioxide 0.8 (as ClO2) 2006-06-17 -- -- -- 0.8 1999-02-16 0.8
Disinfection Byproducts
The information in the following table can be found in 22 CCR §64533 (California MCLs and DLRs), OEHHA’s website (California PHGs), 40 CFR §141.64 (U.S. EPA MCLs), and 40 CFR §141.53 (U.S. EPA MCLGs). The values in this table are in units of micrograms per liter (µg/L).
Disinfection Byproducts
California U.S. EPA
MCL MCL Effective
Date DLR PHG PHG
Date MCL MCL Effective
Date MCLG
Total Trihalomethanes 80
100
2006-06-17
1983-03-14 -- -- -- 80
100
2002-01-01
1983-11-29 --
Bromodichloromethane -- -- 1 0.06 2020 -- -- zero
Bromoform -- -- 1 0.5 2020 -- -- zero
Chloroform -- -- 1 0.4 2020 -- -- 70
Dibromochloromethane -- -- 1 0.1 2020 -- -- 60
Haloacetic Acids (five) (HAA5) 60 2006-06-17 -- -- -- 60 2002-01-01 -- Monochloroacetic Acid -- -- 2 53 2022 -- -- 70
Dichloroacetic Acid -- -- 1 0.2 2022 -- -- zero
Trichloroacetic Acid -- -- 1 0.1 2022 -- -- 20
Monobromoacetic Acid -- -- 1 25 2022 -- -- --
Dibromoacetic Acid -- -- 1 0.03 2022 -- -- --
Bromate 10 2006-06-17 54 0.1 2009 10 2002-01-01 zero
Chlorite 1000 2006-06-17 20 50 2009 1000 2002-01-01 800 Radionuclides
The information in the following table can be found in 22 CCR §64442 (California MCLs and DLRs), 22 CCR §64443 (California MCLs and DLRs), OEHHA’s website(California PHGs), 40 CFR §141.66 (U.S. EPA MCLs), and 40 CFR §141.55 (U.S. EPA MCLGs). The values in this table are in units of picocuries per liter (pCi/L) unless otherwise stated. 4 The DLR for bromate is 0.0010 mg/L for analysis performed using EPA Methods 317.0 Revision 2.0, 321.8, or 326.0.
Radionuclides
California U.S. EPA
MCL MCL Effective
Date DLR PHG PHG
Date MCL MCL Effective
Date MCLG
Gross alpha particle
activity5
156
15 2006-06-11
1977
3 none7 -- 15 1977-06-24 zero
Beta/photon emitters8 4 mrem/yr
50 2006-06-11
1977
4 none7 -- 4 mrem/yr 1977-06-24 zero
Radium-226 -- -- 1 0.05 2006 -- -- --
Radium-228 -- -- 1 0.019 2006 -- -- --
Radium-226 +
Radium-228
56 57
2006-06-11
1977
-- -- -- 5 1977-06-24 zero
Strontium-90 89
810
2006-06-11
1977
2 0.35 2006 4 mrem/yr10
8 2003-12-08
1977-06-24
--
Tritium 20,0009
20,00010
2006-06-11
1977
1,000 400 2006 4 mrem/yr10
20,000
2003-12-08
1977-06-24
--
Uranium 206
207
2006-06-11
1989-01-01
1 0.43 2001 30 µg/L11 2003-12-08 zero
5 Excludes alpha particle activity from radon and uranium. 6 Revised MCL applies to both community (CWS) and nontransient noncommunity water systems (NTNCWS); previous MCL applied only to CWS.
7 OEHHA concluded in 2003 that it would not be practical to develop a PHG (for gross alpha particle activity, for gross beta particle/photon emitters).
8 Beta/photon emitters MCLs are in units of millirems per year (mrem/yr) annual dose equivalent to the total body or any internal organ. The DLR is in units of pCi/L of gross beta particle activity. 9 Revised MCL applies to all CWS and NTNCWS; previous MCL applied only to water systems with at least 30,000 service connections that used surface water.
10 U.S. EPA does not have specific MCLs for strontium-90 or tritium; both are regulated under the beta/photon emitters MCL. 11 U.S. EPA MCL of 30 µg/L is equivalent to 20.1 pCi/L (unit conversion using natural uranium specific activity of 0.67 pCi/µg).
Copper and Lead
Standards for lead and copper are called “Action Levels” instead of MCLs. If a system exceeds an Action Level, it must take certain actions such as additional monitoring, corrosion control studies and treatment, and for lead, a public education program.
The information in the following table can be found in 22 CCR §64678 (California Action Levels and DLRs), OEHHA’s website (California PHGs), 40 CFR §141.80 (U.S. EPA Action Levels), and 40 CFR §141.51 (U.S. EPA MCLGs). The values in this table are in units of micrograms per liter (µg/L).
Contaminants
California U.S. EPA
Action
Level
Action Level
Effective Date DLR PHG PHG Date Action
Level
Action Level
Effective Date MCLG
Copper 1,300 1995-12-11 50 300 2008 1,300 1991-11-06 1,300 Lead 15
50 1995-12-11
1977
5 0.2 2009 15
50 1991-11-06
1977-06-24
zero
Treatment Techniques
A treatment technique is a required process intended to reduce contaminant levels in drinking water, safeguarding public health. Rather than setting specific limits on contaminant concentrations, the treatment techniques below focus on the processes used to ensure protection from contaminants:
· Coliform: If a water system finds coliform bacteria (which indicate the presence of harmful microorganisms), they must assess and fix any issues in actions called Level 1 and Level 2 assessments. · Viruses: Systems must treat groundwater to remove or inactivate at least 99.99% of viruses using methods like disinfection. They must monitor and correct any issues within hours if they fail to meet these standards. · Cryptosporidium: For surface water or groundwater influenced by surface water, system must treat to remove or inactivate a parasite called Cryptosporidium, which involves special filtration and disinfection processes. · Disinfection Byproducts: Systems have several options for treatment techniques to reduce the levels of disinfection byproducts (total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), haloacetic acids (HAA5), bromate, and chlorite). · Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin: Water systems that use certain chemicals in the treatment process must certify that the chemical levels are kept below safe limits.
Secondary Standards
Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCLs) provide water quality standards related to aesthetic aspects of drinking water, such as taste, odor, and appearance. Though not directly linked to health risks, SMCLs play a crucial role in maintaining
consumer confidence and satisfaction. The information in the following two tables can be found in 22 CCR §64449 (California SMCLs) and 40 CFR §143.3 (U.S. EPA SMCLs). The values in this table are in units of micrograms per liter (µg/L) unless otherwise stated.
Chemical
California U.S. EPA
SMCL SMCL
Effective Date SMCL SMCL
Effective Date
Aluminum 200 1994-09-08 50 to 200 1992-07-30
Color 15 Units 1977 15 Units 1981-01-19
Copper 1,000 1977 1,00012
1,00012
1992-07-30
1981-01-19
Corrosivity -- Removed Non-corrosive 1981-01-19
Fluoride See 22 CCR §64433.2 1998-04-22 2,000 1986-05-02 Foaming Agents (MBAS) 500 1977 500 1981-01-19
Iron 300 1977 300 1981-01-19
Manganese 50 1977 50 1981-01-19
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) 5 1999-01-07 -- --
Odor -Threshold 3 Units 1977 3 Units 1981-01-19
pH -- -- 6.5 to 8.5 1981-01-19
Silver 100 -- 100 1992-07-30
Thiobencarb 1 1989-04-05 -- --
Turbidity 5 Units 1977 -- --
Zinc 5,000 1977 5,000 1981-01-19
Recommended Upper Short Term
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) or
Specific Conductance (µS/cm9)
500 1,000 1,500 -- 500 1981-01-19
900 1,600 2,200 -- -- --
Chloride (mg/L) 250 500 600 -- 250 1981-01-19
Sulfate (mg/L) 250 500 600 -- 250 1981-01-19
12 The updated SMCL for copper increased the number of significant figures from 1 to 2.
Chemicals soon to be regulated in drinking water in California The information in the following table can be found in OEHHA’s website(California PHGs), 40 CFR §141.61 (U.S. EPA MCLs), and 40 CFR §141.50 (U.S. EPA MCLGs). The values in this table are in units of nanograms per liter (ng/L) unless otherwise stated.
Chemicals
California U.S. EPA
MCL DLR PHG PHG
Date MCL MCL Effective
Date MCLG
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) -- -- 3 2006 -- -- --
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) -- -- 0.007 2024 4.0 2029-04-26 zero Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) -- -- 1 2024 4.0 2029-04-26 zero Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) -- -- -- -- 10.0 2029-04-26 10 Perfluorononanoate (PFNA) -- -- -- -- 10.0 2029-04-26 10 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-
(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate (HFPO-DA or
GenX Chemicals)
-- -- -- -- 10.0 2029-04-26 10
PFAS Hazard Index13
(includes HFPO-DA, PFBS14, PFHxS, and PFNA) -- -- -- -- 1 (unitless) 2029-04-26 1 (unitless) 13 PFAS Hazard Index = ([HFPO-DAwater ng/L]/[10 ng/L]) + ([PFBSwater ng/L]/[2000 ng/L]) + ([PFNAwater ng/L]/[10 ng/L]) + ([PFHxSwater ng/L]/[10 ng/L])
14 Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS)