Attachment 4g - CHB Reports & Exhbits - May 20, 2026 — Riverside City Council, July 14, 2026

PR-2023-001469 General Plan Amendment, Specific Plan Amendment, Rezone, Site Plan Review, Tentative Tract Map 38624,
Certificate of Appropriateness
Iron Lofts
Appendix C-2
Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment for the Iron Lofts Multi-family Residential Project, City of Riverside
Cogstone
October 2025
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
1518 West Taft Avenue
Orange, CA 92865
Office (714) 974-8300
Field Offices
San Diego • Riverside • Morro Bay • Sacramento
cogstone.com
Toll free 888-333-3212
Federal Certifications WOSB, EDWOSB, SDB
State Certifications DBE, WBE, UDBE

CULTURAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES

ASSESSMENT FOR THE IRON LOFTS MULTI-FAMILY

RESIDENTIAL PROJECT, CITY OF RIVERSIDE,

RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
Prepared for:

Iron Lofts, LLC
1201 Dove Street, Suite 520
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Authors:

John Gust, Ph.D., Kelly Vreeland, M.S., and Shannon Lopez M.A.

Principal Investigators:

John Gust, Ph.D., RPA
Kim Scott, M.S.

Updated October 2025
Cogstone Project Number: 5124
Type of Study: Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Archaeological Sites: None within Project Area
Paleontological Localities: None within Project Area
USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle: Riverside East (1980)
Area: 8.68 acres
Key Words: Negative for cultural resources, negative for paleontological resources, Cahuilla territory, adjacent to Gabrielino territory, sensitive for paleontological resources, sensitive for historic cultural resources
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS .................................................................................................................................... VI INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 PURPOSE OF STUDY ........................................................................................................................................... 1 PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 2 PROJECT PERSONNEL ...................................................................................................................................... 5 REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................................... 6 STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS ................................................................................................................. 6 CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT........................................................................................................... 6 TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES .............................................................................................................................. 6 PUBLIC RESOURCES CODE ..................................................................................................................................... 7 CALIFORNIA REGISTER OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES ................................................................................................ 7 NATIVE AMERICAN HUMAN REMAINS ...................................................................................................................... 8 CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE, TITLE 14, SECTION 4307 ............................................................................... 8 CITY OF RIVERSIDE LOCAL REGULATIONS ............................................................................................. 8 TITLE 20 OF THE MUNICIPAL CODE ........................................................................................................................ 8 CITY OF RIVERSIDE GENERAL PLAN ........................................................................................................................ 9 DEFINITION OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES ....................................... 10 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ......................................................................................................................... 12 PREHISTORIC SETTING .................................................................................................................................. 13 ETHNOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................................. 15 CAHUILLA ............................................................................................................................................................ 15 GABRIELINO (TONGVA) ........................................................................................................................................ 17 HISTORIC SETTING .......................................................................................................................................... 18 CITY OF RIVERSIDE .............................................................................................................................................. 19 PROJECT AREA HISTORY ...................................................................................................................................... 20 RECORDS SEARCHES ........................................................................................................................................... 24 PALEONTOLOGICAL RECORDS AND LITERATURE SEARCH ............................................................ 24 RECORDS AND LITERATURE SEARCH RESULTS ....................................................................................................... 24 LATE PLEISTOCENE LOCALITIES ........................................................................................................................... 24 MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE LOCALITIES ....................................................................................................................... 24 CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM ................................................... 26 OTHER SOURCES .................................................................................................................................................. 27 HISTORICAL SOCIETY CONSULTATION ................................................................................................................... 29 SACRED LANDS FILE SEARCH ...................................................................................................................... 30 SURVEY ..................................................................................................................................................................... 31 METHODS ............................................................................................................................................................ 31 CULTURAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES SURVEY RESULTS ......................................... 31 SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD REMNANTS ............................................................................................................ 34 PACKINGHOUSE COILS ......................................................................................................................................... 38 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................................... 40 PALEONTOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY ............................................................................................................. 40 CULTURAL RESOURCES SENSITIVITY ...................................................................................................... 41 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................... 42 PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................. 42 Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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CULTURAL RESOURCES RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................... 42 REFERENCES CITED ............................................................................................................................................. 45 APPENDIX A. QUALIFICATIONS....................................................................................................................... 50 APPENDIX B. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES RECORDS SEARCH .................................................. 58 APPENDIX C. RESOURCES WITHIN A QUARTER-MILE FROM THE PROJECT AREA ...................... 60 APPENDIX D. HISTORIC SOCIETY CONSULTATION .................................................................................. 77 APPENDIX E. SACRED LAND FILE SEARCH ................................................................................................. 82 APPENDIX F. PALEONTOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY RANKING CRITERIA ............................................. 89 Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1. PROJECT VICINITY MAP .............................................................................................................................. 1 FIGURE 2. PROJECT LOCATION MAP ........................................................................................................................... 3 FIGURE 3. PROJECT AREA MAP .................................................................................................................................... 4 FIGURE 4. TRIBAL BOUNDARY MAP ........................................................................................................................... 16 FIGURE 5. SOUTHERN PROJECT AREA; SANBORN MAP, 1908 (REVISED 1951) ....................................................... 21 FIGURE 6. NORTHERN PROJECT AREA; SANBORN MAP, 1908 (REVISED 1951).... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

FIGURE 7. PROJECT AREA; USDA HISTORIC AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH, 1931 ............................................................. 22 FIGURE 8. PROJECT AREA; USDA HISTORIC AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH, 1967 ............................................................. 23 FIGURE 9. OVERVIEW OF SOUTHERN THIRD OF PROJECT AREA WITH MISSION LOFTS (RED/GRAY) IN BACKGROUND, FROM 6TH STREET, FACING NORTH-NORTHEAST ............................................................................... 32 FIGURE 10. PROJECT AREA OVERVIEW LOOKING TOWARDS 5TH STREET, FACING NORTH-NORTHEAST ............... 32 FIGURE 11. OVERVIEW OF CENTER PORTION OF PROJECT AREA SHOWING RECYCLING DEBRIS AND OTHER REFUSE, FROM 5TH STREET, FACING SOUTH-SOUTHWEST .......................................................................................... 33 FIGURE 12. OVERVIEW OF NORTHERN THIRD OF PROJECT AREA, FROM 5TH STREET, FACING NORTH-NORTHEAST ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 33 FIGURE 13. NATURAL SEDIMENTS FROM AREA DIRECTLY WEST OF PROJECT AREA.............................................. 34 FIGURE 14. PARTIALLY EXPOSED RAIL SOUTHEAST OF 3093 MISSION INN AVENUE, FACING SOUTH. ................... 35 FIGURE 15. PARTIALLY EXPOSED RAIL SOUTHEAST OF 3093 MISSION INN AVENUE, FACING SOUTH. ................... 36 FIGURE 16. PARTIALLY EXPOSED RAIL EAST OF 3596 COMMERCE STREET, FACING SOUTH ................................ 37 FIGURE 17. RAIL SEGMENT NORTHEAST OF BUILDING AT 2993 6TH STREET, FACING NORTH. ............................... 37 FIGURE 18. COILS LOCATED BETWEEN MISSION INN AVENUE AND 6TH STREET, FACING NORTHEAST .................. 38 FIGURE 19. COILS LOCATED BETWEEN MISSION INN AVENUE AND 6TH STREET, FACING SOUTHWEST ................. 39 FIGURE 20. COILS LOCATED BETWEEN 6TH STREET AND 5TH STREET, FACING SOUTHWEST ................................... 39 Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1. CULTURAL PATTERNS AND PHASES .......................................................................................................... 15 TABLE 2. FOSSILS FROM THE OLDER ALLUVIUM WITHIN THE VICINITY OF THE PROJECT AREA .......................... 24 TABLE 4. FOSSILS FROM THE SAN TIMOTEO FORMATION ....................................................................................... 25 TABLE 4. PREVIOUS CULTURAL RESOURCES STUDIES WITHIN A QUARTER-MILE RADIUS FROM THE PROJECT AREA ........................................................................................................................................................................... 26 TABLE 5. ADDITIONAL SOURCES CONSULTED .......................................................................................................... 27 TABLE 6. LAND GRANT PATENTEES WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA .......................................................................... 28 Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
This study was conducted to determine the potential impacts to cultural and paleontological resources during the Iron Lofts Project (Project) located within Assessor Parcel Numbers (APNs) 211-072-001, 3093 Mission Inn Avenue (APN 211-072-002), APNs 211-072-021 and 211-072- 022, 2993 Mission Inn Avenue (APN 211-072-020), 3596 Commerce Street (APNs 211-071-001 and 211-071-002), 2993 East 6th Street (APNs 211-071-023 and 211-071-024), 211-071-004, 211-071-005, and 211-072-004 in the City of Riverside (City), Riverside County (County), California. The City of Riverside is the lead agency for the Project under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).

The built environment within the Project Area is being assessed separately and is not a subject of this report.

The proposed Project consists of demolition of existing structures to construct a new multi- family residential development. The Project Area consists of empty lots, hardscaped surface streets, as well as several buildings and structures, one of which is historic in age.

Cogstone archaeologist Logan Freeberg requested a search of the California Historic al Resources Information System (CHRIS) from the Eastern Information Center ( EIC) located at the University of California , Riverside on May 14, 2021 . The records search included the entire proposed Project Area as well as a quarter -mile radius. Results of the record search indicate that no previous cultural resources studies have been completed within the Project Area. No cultural resources have been previously recorded within Project Area. A total of 23 7 cultural resources have been previously recorded outside the Project Area, but within the quarter -mile search radius .

Cogstone archaeologist and cross-trained paleontologist John Gust surveyed all non-hardscaped portions of the Project Area on May 24, 2021 and June 8, 2021 using five meter wide transects.

No areas with natural sediments were present within the Project Area, but sediments slightly to the west consisted of light to medium-brown silt with a few pebble-sized rocks with moderate sorting. Remnants of a railroad rail and historic-age heating coils were observed within the Project area. Both the railroad remnants and heating coils are considered not significant and due to a substantial lack of integrity no DPR forms were prepared. No other cultural or paleontological resources were observed within the Project Area.

Paleontological Resources
The Project is mapped entirely as middle to late Pleistocene old alluvial fan deposits, unit 3. The record search revealed no fossil localities from within the Project Area or immediate vicinity, however localities are known from the same sediments as found within the study area near to the Project.

Middle to late Pleistocene older alluvium sediments less than four feet below the modern surface are assigned a low potential for fossils (Potential Fossil Yield Classification [PFYC] 2) due to the lack of fossils in these deposits. More than four feet below the modern surface these Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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sediments are assigned a moderate potential for fossils (PFYC 3) due to similar deposits producing fossils at that depth near to the study area.

Based on fossils found in similar sediments nearby, paleontological monitoring is recommended for excavations more than five feet deep into native sediments. Drilling or pile driving activities, regardless of depth, have a low potential to produce fossils meeting significance criteria because any fossils brought up by the auger during drilling will not have information about formation, depth or context. The only instance in which such fossils will meet significance criteria is if the fossil is a species new to the region. If unanticipated fossil discoveries are made, all work must halt within 25 feet until a qualified paleontologist can evaluate the find. Work may resume immediately outside of the 25-foot radius.

Cultural Resources
Remnants of a railroad rail and historic-age heating coils were observed within the Project Area.

Both the railroad remnants and heating coils are considered not significant and due to a substantial lack of integrity no DPR forms were prepared. No prehistoric-aged archaeological resources were identified within the Project Area during the intensive pedestrian survey or during any previous investigations. However, presence of the railroad remnants and heating coils, Sanborn Fire Insurance Company maps, and USDA historic aerial photographs indicate moderate to high potential for buried historic-aged resources. A Worker Environmental Awareness Program (WEAP) training program is recommended. The WEAP training should be developed to inform construction personnel of cultural resources that may be encountered during construction. It is also recommended that a qualified archaeologist be retained to conduct full- time cultural resources monitoring for all excavation deeper than one foot.

In the event of an unanticipated discovery during construction, all work must be suspended within 50 feet of the find until a qualified archaeologist or paleontologist evaluates it. In the unlikely event that human remains are encountered during project development, all work must cease near the find immediately.

In accordance with California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5, the County Coroner must be notified if potentially human bone is discovered. The Coroner will then determine within two working days of being notified if the remains are subject to his or her authority. If the Coroner recognizes the remains to be Native American, he or she shall contact the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) by phone within 24 hours, in accordance with Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The NAHC will then designate a Most Likely Descendant (MLD) with respect to the human remains. The MLD then has the opportunity to recommend to the property owner or the person responsible for the excavation work means for treating or disposing, with appropriate dignity, the human remains and associated grave goods. Work may not resume in the vicinity of the find until all requirements of the health and safety code have been met.

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 1

INTRODUCTION

PURPOSE OF STUDY

This study was conducted to determine the potential impacts to cultural and paleontological resources during the Iron Lofts Project (Project) located at 3093 Mission Inn Avenue, 2993 Mission Inn Avenue, 3596 Commerce Street, and 2993 East 6th Street in the City of Riverside (City), Riverside County (County), California. The City of Riverside is the lead agency for the Project under the California Quality Act (CEQA; Figure 1).

The built environment within the Project Area is being assessed separately and is not a subject of this report.

Figure 1. Project vicinity map
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION

The Project is located at APN 211-072-001, 3093 Mission Inn Avenue (APN 211-072-002), APNs 211-072-021 and 211-072-022, 2993 Mission inn Avenue (APN 211-072-020), 3596 Commerce Street (APNs 211-071-001 and 211-071-002), 2993 East 6th Street (APNs 211-071- 023 and 211-071-024), 211-071-004, 211-071-005, and 211-072-004 in the City of Riverside, Riverside County, California. Specifically, the Project is located within Sections 23 and 24, Township 2 South, Range 5 West of the Riverside East 7.5-minute United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographic map (Figures 2 and 3).

The proposed Project consists of demolition of existing structures to construct a new multi- family residential development. The Project Area currently consists of empty lots, hardscaped surface streets, and several buildings and structures, one of which is considered historic in age.

Planned excavation depth for the majority of grading is 5 feet.

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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Figure 2. Project location map
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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Figure 3. Project area map
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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PROJECT PERSONNEL

Cogstone Resource Management, Inc. (Cogstone) conducted this assessment and drafted this report. Brief resumes of key project personnel are in Appendix A.

• Molly Valasik, Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA), provided Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) for the Project and reviewed this report. Ms.

Valasik has an M.A. in Anthropology from Kent State University in Ohio and over 13 years of experience in California archaeology.
• John Gust, RPA, served as the Task Manager and Principal Investigator for Archaeology for the Project, and reviewed this report. Dr. Gust has a Ph.D. in Anthropology from the University of California (UC), Riverside, and over 12 years of experience in archaeology. • Eric Scott provided QA/QC of the paleontology and geology sections of this report. Mr.

Scott has an M.A. in Anthropology, with an emphasis in biological paleoanthropology, from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and more than 38 years of experience in California paleontology.
• Kim Scott served as the Principal Investigator for Paleontology for the Project. Ms. Scott has an M.S. in Biology with a paleontology emphasis from California State University (CSU), San Bernardino, and over 26 years of experience in California paleontology and geology.
• Shannon Lopez conducted background research and contributed to this report. Ms.

Lopez has an M.A. in History from CSU Fullerton, and has four years of experience in history and architectural history.
• Kelly Vreeland co-authored this report. Ms. Vreeland has an M.S. in Geology, with an emphasis in paleontology, from CSU Fullerton, as well as 11 years of experience in California paleontology and geology.
• Logan Freeberg prepared the Geographic Information System (GIS) maps throughout this report. Mr. Freeberg has a B.A. in Anthropology from UC Santa Barbara and a GIS certification from CSU Fullerton and over 19 years of experience in California archaeology.

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 6

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS

CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
CEQA states that: It is the policy of the state that public agencies should not approve projects as proposed if there are feasible alternatives or feasible mitigation measures available which would substantially lessen the significant environmental effects of such projects, and that the procedures required are intended to assist public agencies in systematically identifying both the significant effects of proposed project and the feasible alternatives or feasible mitigation measures which will avoid or substantially lessen such significant effects.

CEQA declares that it is state policy to: “take all action necessary to provide the people of this state with...historic environmental qualities.” It further states that public or private projects financed or approved by the state are subject to environmental review by the state. All such projects, unless entitled to an exemption, may proceed only after this requirement has been satisfied. CEQA requires detailed studies that analyze the environmental effects of a proposed project. In the event that a project is determined to have a potential significant environmental effect, the act requires that alternative plans and mitigation measures be considered.

TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES
As of 2015, CEQA established that “[a] project with an effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment” (Pub. Resources Code, § 21084.2). In order to be considered a “tribal cultural resource,” a resource must be either:

(1) listed, or determined to be eligible for listing, on the national, state, or local register of historic resources, or
(2) a resource that the lead agency chooses, in its discretion, to treat as a tribal cultural resource.

To help determine whether a project may have such an effect, the lead agency must consult with any California Native American tribe that requests consultation and is traditionally and culturally affiliated with the geographic area of a proposed project. If a lead agency determines that a project may cause a substantial adverse change to tribal cultural resources, the lead agency must consider measures to mitigate that impact. Public Resources Code §20184.3 (b)(2) provides examples of mitigation measures that lead agencies may consider to avoid or minimize impacts to tribal cultural resources.

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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PUBLIC RESOURCES CODE
Section 5097.5: No person shall knowingly and willfully excavate upon, or remove, destroy, injure or deface any historic or prehistoric ruins, burial grounds, archaeological or vertebrate paleontological site, including fossilized footprints, inscriptions made by human agency, or any other archaeological, paleontological or historical feature, situated on public lands (lands under state, county, city, district or public authority jurisdiction, or the jurisdiction of a public corporation), except with the express permission of the public agency having jurisdiction over such lands. Violation of this section is a misdemeanor. As used in this section, “public lands” means lands owned by, or under the jurisdiction of, the state, or any city, county, district, authority, or public corporation, or any agency thereof.

CALIFORNIA REGISTER OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES
The California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) is a listing of all properties considered to be significant historical resources in the state. The California Register includes all properties listed or determined eligible for listing on the National Register, including properties evaluated under Section 106, and State Historical Landmarks No. 770 and above. The California Register statute specifically provides that historical resources listed, determined eligible for listing on the California Register by the State Historical Resources Commission, or resources that meet the California Register criteria are resources which must be given consideration under CEQA (see above). Other resources, such as resources listed on local registers of historic resources or in local surveys, may be listed if they are determined by the State Historic Resources Commission to be significant in accordance with criteria and procedures to be adopted by the Commission and are nominated; their listing in the California Register is not automatic.

Resources eligible for listing include buildings, sites, structures, objects, or historic districts that retain historical integrity and are historically significant at the local, state or national level under one or more of the following four criteria:

1) It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history, or the cultural heritage of California or the United States; 2) It is associated with the lives of persons important to local, California, or national history; 3) It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of a master or possesses high artistic values; or 4) It has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the prehistory or history of the local area, California, or the nation.

In addition to having significance, resources must have integrity for the period of significance.

The period of significance is the date or span of time within which significant events transpired, or significant individuals made their important contributions. Integrity is the authenticity of a historical resource’s physical identity as evidenced by the survival of characteristics or historic fabric that existed during the resource’s period of significance.

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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Alterations to a resource or changes in its use over time may have historical, cultural, or architectural significance. Simply, resources must retain enough of their historic character or appearance to be recognizable as historical resources and to convey the reasons for their significance. A resource that has lost its historic character or appearance may still have sufficient integrity for the California Register, if, under Criterion 4, it maintains the potential to yield significant scientific or historical information or specific data.

NATIVE AMERICAN HUMAN REMAINS
Sites that may contain human remains important to Native Americans must be identified and treated in a sensitive manner, consistent with state law (i.e., Health and Safety Code §7050.5 and Public Resources Code §5097.98), as summarized below:

In the event that human remains are encountered during project development and in accordance with the Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5, the County Coroner must be notified if potentially human bone is discovered. The Coroner will then determine within two working days of being notified if the remains are subject to his or her authority. If the Coroner recognizes the remains to be Native American, he or she shall contact the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) by phone within 24 hours, in accordance with Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The NAHC will then designate a Most Likely Descendant (MLD) with respect to the human remains. The MLD then has the opportunity to recommend to the property owner or the person responsible for the excavation work means for treating or disposing, with appropriate dignity, the human remains and associated grave goods.

CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE, TITLE 14, SECTION 4307
This section states that “No person shall remove, injure, deface or destroy any object of paleontological, archeological or historical interest or value.”

CITY OF RIVERSIDE LOCAL REGULATIONS

TITLE 20 OF THE MUNICIPAL CODE
Title 20 of the Riverside Municipal Code is the primary body of local historic preservation laws.

Title 20 established the authority for the preservation, composition and administrative requirements of the Cultural Heritage Board; criteria for evaluating projects affecting cultural resources; and procedures for protecting and designating cultural resources. In accordance with Title 20, a Certificate of Appropriateness is required to alter, demolish or relocate properties that are designated or determined eligible for designation as a City Cultural Resource. A Certificate of Appropriateness is also required for new construction within historic districts and neighborhood conservation areas.

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 9

CITY OF RIVERSIDE GENERAL PLAN
The General Plan (Historic Preservation Element) includes the following policies to reduce potential impacts to cultural resources.

Historic Preservation
Policy HP-1.1: The City shall promote the preservation of cultural resources to ensure that citizens of Riverside have the opportunity to understand and appreciate the City’s unique heritage.

Policy HP-1.2: The City shall assume its direct responsibility for historic preservation by protecting and maintaining its publicly owned cultural resources. Such resources may include, but are not limited to, buildings, monuments, landscapes, and right-of-way improvements, such as retaining walls, granite curbs, entry monuments, light standards, street trees, and the scoring, dimensions, and patterns of sidewalks, driveways, curbs and gutters.

Policy HP-4.3: The City shall work with the appropriate tribe to identify and address, in a culturally appropriate manner, cultural resources and tribal sacred sites through the development review process.

Our Neighborhoods
Policy LU-30.4: Promote the placement of relocated historic structures on in-fill lots in neighborhoods within a designated historic district.

Hillsides
Policy LU-4.6: Ensure protection of prehistoric resources through consultations with the Native American tribe(s) identified by the Native American Heritage Commission pursuant to Government Code § 65352.3 and as required by the California Environmental Quality Act..

Special Considerations for Historic Resources
Policy PS-11.1: Protect resources listed in the Historical Resources Inventory (now Built Environment Resource Database) from premature or inadvertent demolition and encourage retrofitting of these resources to protect them from damage caused by a disaster episode.

Policy PS-11.2: Take reasonable steps to prevent the loss of historic buildings without endangering public safety or contributing to additional property damage.

The General Plan (Historic Preservation Element, adopted in 2003) includes the following policy, the adherence to which will reduce potential impacts to Native American villages, human remains, religious sites and human remains:

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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Historic Preservation Policy HP-1.3: The City shall protect sites of archaeological and paleontological significance and ensure compliance with all applicable State and Federal cultural resources protection and management laws in its planning and project review process.

Thresholds of Significance
The City has not established local CEQA significance thresholds as described in Section 15064.7 of the State CEQA Guidelines. Therefore, significance determinations utilized in this Section are from Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. A significant impact will occur if implementation of the Project:
• causes a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource; • causes a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource; • directly or indirectly destroys a unique paleontological resource or site or unique feature; or
• disturbs any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries.

The General Plan (Pages 5.5-28 to 5.5-33) includes proposed Mitigation Measures that when adopted are aimed at reducing the effect on cultural and paleontological resources to be less than significant.

DEFINITION OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES

Only qualified, trained paleontologists with specific expertise in the type of fossils being evaluated can determine the scientific significance of paleontological resources. Fossils are considered to be significant if one or more of the following criteria apply:

1. The fossils provide information on the evolutionary relationships and developmental trends among organisms, living or extinct;

2. The fossils provide data useful in determining the age(s) of the rock unit or sedimentary stratum, including data important in determining the depositional history of the region and the timing of geologic events therein;

3. The fossils provide data regarding the development of biological communities or interaction between paleobotanical and paleozoological biotas;

4. The fossils demonstrate unusual or spectacular circumstances in the history of life;

5. The fossils are in short supply and/or in danger of being depleted or destroyed by the elements, vandalism, or commercial exploitation, and are not found in other geographic locations.

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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As so defined, significant paleontological resources are determined to be fossils or assemblages of fossils that are unique, unusual, rare, uncommon, or diagnostically important. Significant fossils can include remains of large to very small aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates or remains of plants and animals previously not represented in certain portions of the stratigraphy.

Assemblages of fossils that might aid stratigraphic correlation, particularly those offering data for the interpretation of tectonic events, geomorphologic evolution, and paleoclimatology are also critically important (Scott and Springer 2003; Scott et al. 2004).

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 12

BACKGROUND

GEOLOGICAL SETTING

This Project Area is located within the Peninsular Range Geomorphic Province, which extends from Mount San Jacinto in the north to Baja, California in the south. The province covers the Peninsular Range and all land to the west including the western Inland Empire, Los Angeles, Orange County, and San Diego areas of California. The Peninsular Ranges Geomorphic Province is located in the southwestern corner of California and is bounded by the Transverse Ranges Geomorphic Province to the north and the Colorado Desert Geomorphic Province to the east. This geomorphic province is characterized by elongated northwest-trending mountain ridges separated by sediment-floored valleys. Many faults to the west of the Salton Trough section of the San Andreas Fault Zone parallel this northwest-southeast trending fault zone and have taken up some of the strain of the San Andreas. The San Jacinto Fault Zone to the east and the Lake Elsinore Fault Zone to the west of the Project are part of this system.

To the north of the Project, the San Andreas Fault Zone travels up Cajon Pass where it forms the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. The Transverse Ranges include the San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains along with paralleling ranges, and result from these two plates grinding past each other and “catching” along the bend in the San Andreas.

The Project is located on the Pacific Plate which is composed of numerous blocks that can move independently (Wagner 2002).

STRATIGRAPHY

The Project is mapped entirely as middle to late Pleistocene old alluvial fan deposits, unit 3, which were deposited between 774,000 years ago to 11,700 years ago (Morton and Miller 2006).

Alluvial fan deposits are deposited along the outer slopes of our valleys from local mountains via the mouths of canyons. These deposits have been uplifted or otherwise removed from the area of recent sedimentation. The sediments are described as moderately to well consolidated, moderately dissected, orangish- to reddish-brown sands and silts with some gravels and conglomerates (Morton and Miller 2006).

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

The Project Area sits within an old alluvial fan dating to the late to middle Pleistocene with reddish-brown sandy sediments that supported widespread crop production in the surrounding area during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It has an elevation of approximately 755 feet above mean sea level.

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 13
The climate is mild and arid to semi-arid with Riverside County summer temperatures averaging in the high 70° F range, and in the low 50s in winter, but with many days a year being more than 90° F. Annual rainfall averages 10.9 inches for the County, most of it falling between November and April.

Prehistorically the Project Area vicinity supported a desert scrub plant community and additional riparian vegetation associated with the Santa Ana River. A typical desert animal community would have been present from late prehistoric times to present and includes jackrabbit, brush rabbit, and a variety of rodents, birds and reptiles.

PREHISTORIC SETTING

Approaches to prehistoric frameworks have changed over the years from being based on material attributes and association with cultural traditions to radiocarbon chronologies. Archaeologists have defined a material complex consisting of an abundance of milling stones (for grinding food items) with few projectile points or vertebrate faunal remains dating from about 7-3 thousand years before the present as the “Millingstone Horizon” (Wallace 1955). Later, the “Millingstone Horizon” was redefined as a cultural tradition named the Encinitas Tradition (Warren 1968) with various regional expressions including Topanga and La Jolla. Use by archaeologists varied as some adopted a generalized Encinitas Tradition without regional variations, some continued to use “Millingstone Horizon” and some used Middle Holocene (the time period) to indicate this observed pattern (Sutton and Gardner 2010:1-2). It has been argued recently that generalized terminology obscures cultural, spatial, and temporal variation and the movement of peoples throughout space and time. This has been viewed as problematic given that these factors are critical to understanding adaptation and change (Sutton and Gardner 2010:1-2).

The Encinitas Tradition is characterized by abundant metates and manos, crudely made core and flake tools, bone tools, shell ornaments, very few projectile points with subsistence focusing on collecting (plants, shellfish, etc.). Faunal remains vary by location but include shellfish, land animals, marine mammals and fish (Sutton and Gardner 2010:7). The Encinitas Tradition has been redefined to consist of four patterns (Sutton and Gardner 2010: 8-25). These are (1) Topanga in coastal Los Angeles and Orange counties, (2) La Jolla in coastal San Diego County, (3) Greven Knoll in inland San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange and Los Angeles counties, and (4) Pauma in inland San Diego County.

About 1,300 years before present, the Encinitas Tradition was replaced by a new archaeological entity, the Palomar Tradition. The Palomar Tradition is marked by a series of changes in the archaeological record, including bow and arrow, new rock art styles, settlement and subsistence systems, and perhaps ideology. Two patterns, San Luis Rey and Peninsular, have been defined with the Palomar Tradition (Sutton 2011). The San Luis Rey component was originally defined by Meighan (1954).

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 14

PREHISTORIC CHRONOLOGY

The latest cultural revisions for the Project Area define traits for time phases of the Greven Knoll Pattern of the Encinitas Tradition (Sutton and Gardner 2010). Greven Knoll sites tend to be located in inland valley areas such as the Project Area. These inland peoples apparently did not switch from the use of manos and metates to the use of pestles and mortars that is seen in coastal sites dating to approximately 5,000 years ago, possibly reflecting their closer relationship with desert cultural peoples who did not exploit acorns. The Greven Knoll toolkit is dominated by manos and metates throughout its 7,500 year extent. In Phase I, other typical characteristics were pinto dart points for atlatls or spears, charmstones, cogged stones, absence of shell artifacts, and flexed position burials.

In Phase II, Elko dart points for atlatls or spears and core tools are observed along with increased indications of gathering. In Phase III, stone tools including scraper planes, choppers and hammerstones are added to the toolkit, and yucca and plant seeds are staple foods, animals bones are heavily processed (broken and crushed to extract marrow), and burials tend to be marked by stone cairns (Table 1; Sutton and Gardner 2010).

San Luis Rey pattern groups demonstrate formation of major village sites along with small satellite villages. The San Luis Rey toolkit has mortars and pestles along with bow and arrow technology (Sutton 2011). San Luis Rey I phase reflects a number of changes including a decrease in the use of scrapers, occasional mortars with associated manos and pestles, the appearance of Cottonwood Triangular arrow points, bone awls, and stone ornaments, and the possible appearance of bedrock slicks. Conspicuous black midden appears also. Primary inhumation was common with primary pit cremation used more through time (Sutton 2011).

The San Luis Rey II phase reflects important changes including appearance of Tizon Brown pottery, deep concave base Cottonwood points, small numbers of steatite shaft straighteners, and introduction of European American materials such as glass beads and metal knives. Other characteristics include an increase in bedrock milling features with mortars and slicks, and the appearance of cupule boulders and rock rings. Primary cremation in pits appears to have been the principal mortuary practice. Locations of cremations were not marked and there were no formal cemeteries (Sutton 2011).

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 15
Table 1. Cultural Patterns and Phases

Phase
Dates
B.P. Material Culture Other Traits
Greven Knoll
I
8,500
to
4,000
Abundant manos and metates; Pinto dart
points for atlatls or spears; charmstones,
cogged stones, and discoidals rare; no
mortars or pestles; and general absence
of shell artifacts.

No shellfish; hunting important; flexed
inhumations; and cremations rare.

Greven Knoll
II
4,000
to
3,000
Abundant manos and mutates; Elko dart
points for atlatls or spears; core tools;
late discoidals; few mortars and pestles;
and general absence of shell artifacts.

No shellfish; hunting and gathering
important; flexed inhumations; and
cremations rare.

Greven Knoll
III (formerly
Sayles
complex)
3,000
to 900
Abundant manos and mutates; Elko dart
points for atlatls or spears; scraper
planes, choppers, and hammerstones; late
discoidals; few mortars and pestles; and
general absence of shell artifacts.

No shellfish; yucca and seeds as staples;
hunting important but animal bones also
processed; flexed inhumations beneath
rock cairns; and cremations rare.

San Luis Rey
I
1,300
to 500
Decrease in the use of scrapers and
increase in the use of mortars and pestles.

Appearance of bow and arrow
technology, bone awls, stone/shell
ornaments, and perhaps ceramic pipes,
Obsidian Butte glass, and “recognizable”
maddens.

Small game hunting and the gathering of
seeds and nuts, especially acorns
important. Some small major villages,
some focus on coastal resources,
inhumation in early San Luis Rey I with
primary pit cremation increasing late San
Luis Rey I
Adapted from Sutton and Gardner 2010 and Sutton 2011

ETHNOGRAPHY

The Project Area is located within the traditional use area of the Cahuilla (Figure 4) and the near the traditional use area of the Tongva (Gabrielino). As boundaries between groups shifted in history and prehistory, ethnographic information on both of these tribes is presented below.

CAHUILLA
The Cahuilla occupied the San Gorgonio Pass (referred to as the Pass Cahuilla), San Jacinto and Santa Rosa Mountains (Mountain Cahuilla), and the Coachella Valley, the northern end of Imperial Valley (Desert Cahuilla). To the northwest, their territory extended to near the Santa Ana River. The Cahuilla are linked to other Takic language family groups such as the Serrano and Luiseño, and share many aspects of culture and religion with those tribes.

Although various bands spoke the Cahuilla language, each person’s primary identity was linked to clan lineage and moiety, rather than tribal affiliation. The two moieties of the Cahuilla were Istam (coyote) and Tuktum (wild cat). Affiliation was inherited from the father’s moiety and members of one moiety had to marry into the other group. Each clan was an independent, politically autonomous land-holding unit (Bean and Saubel 1972; Bean 1978; Strong 1929).

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 16

In addition to lineage residence areas and clan territory owned in common with other clan members, each lineage had ownership rights to various food collecting and hunting areas.

Individuals also “owned” specific areas rich in plant resources, as well as hunting grounds, rock quarry locations, and sacred spots used only by shamans, healers, and ritual practitioners.

Figure 4. Tribal boundary map

Cahuilla clans varied in size from several family groups to those composed of several thousand people. Clans were generally situated so that each lineage or community was located near a reliable water source and in proximity to significant food resources. Within each community, house structures were spatially placed at some distance from each other. Often a community Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 17
would spread over a mile or two in distance with each nuclear and extended family having homes and associated structures for food storage and shaded work places (ramadas) for tool manufacture and food processing. Each community also contained a house clan leader.

In more recent times, a ceremonial house (kishumnawat) was placed within each community, and most major religious ceremonies of the clan were held there. In addition, house and ceremonial structures, storage granaries, sweat houses, and song houses (for recreational music) were present. Usually an area within one to three miles contained the bulk of materials needed for daily subsistence, although territories of a given clan might be larger, and longer distances were traveled to get precious exotic resources, usually found in the higher elevations of the surrounding mountains.

While most daily secular and religious activities took place within the community, there were locations at some distance from the community where people camped for extended periods to harvest acorns or piñon nuts. Throughout the area, there were sacred places used primarily for rituals, intergroup or inter-clan meetings, caches for sacred materials, and locations for use by shamans or medicine men. Generally, hilly, rocky areas, cave sites, or walled cave sites were used for temporary camping, storage of foods, fasting by shamans, and as hunting blinds.

Between the mid-1500s and the 1800s, the Cahuilla were variously contacted by Spanish explorers, then Mexican ranchers, and later American settlers. By the mid-1800s, the Cahuilla were fully exposed to new peoples with new cultural ways, opportunities, and constraints. In the 1860s, several epidemics devastated the Cahuilla population and the increasing contact with Europeans continued to have a major impact on their traditional lifeway. Survivors of decimated Cahuilla clans joined villages that were able to maintain their ceremonial, cultural, and economic institutions (Bean 1978).

GABRIELINO (TONGVA)
The name Gabrielino is Spanish in origin and was used in reference to the Native Americans associated with the Mission San Gabriel. It is unknown what these people called themselves before the Spanish arrived, but today they call themselves Tongva, meaning “people of the earth.”

The Tongva speak a language that is part of the Takic language family and at the time of Spanish contact, their territory encompassed a vast area stretching from Topanga Canyon in the northwest, to the base of Mount Wilson in the north, to San Bernardino in the east, Aliso Creek in the southeast and the Southern Channel Islands, in all an area of more than 2,500 square miles (Bean and Smith 1978; McCawley 1996). At European contact, the tribe consisted of more than 5,000 people living in various settlements throughout the area. Some of the villages could be quite large, housing up to 150 people.

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 18
The Tongva are considered to have been one of the wealthiest tribes and to have greatly influenced tribes they traded with (Kroeber 1925:621). Houses were domed and circular structures thatched with tule or similar materials (Bean and Smith 1978:542). The best known artifacts were made of steatite and were highly prized. Many common everyday items were decorated with inlaid shell or carvings reflecting an elaborately developed artisanship (Bean and Smith 1978:542).

The main food zones utilized were marine, woodland, and grassland (Bean and Smith 1978).

Plant foods were, by far, the greatest part of the traditional diet at contact. Acorns were the most important single food source. Villages were located near water sources necessary for the leaching of acorns, which was a daily occurrence. Grass seeds were the next most abundant plant food used along with chia. Seeds were parched, ground, and cooked as mush in various combinations according to taste and availability. Greens and fruits were eaten raw or cooked or sometimes dried for storage. Bulbs, roots, and tubers were dug in the spring and summer and usually eaten fresh. Mushrooms and tree fungus were prized as delicacies. Various teas were made from flowers, fruits, stems and roots for medicinal cures as well as beverages (Bean and Smith 1978:538-540).

The principal game animals were deer, rabbit, jackrabbit, woodrat, mice, ground squirrels, antelope, quail, dove, ducks and other birds. Most predators were avoided as food, as were tree squirrels and most reptiles. Trout and other fish were caught in the streams, while salmon were available when they ran in the larger creeks. Marine foods were extensively utilized. Sea mammals, fish and crustaceans were hunted and gathered from both the shoreline and the open ocean, using reed and dugout canoes. Shellfish were the most common resource, including abalone, turbans, mussels, clams, scallops, bubble shells, and others (Bean and Smith 1978:538- 540).

HISTORIC SETTING

The area now encompassing the City of Riverside was first visited by an exploratory expedition lead by Juan Bautista de Anza on March 20, 1774, naming the area Valle de Paraiso (Valley of Paradise). De Anza’s second expedition reached the Santa Ana River on December 31, 1775 (National Park Service 2020).

After the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo held that the United States government would honor all Mexican era land grants. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho La Sierra was filled with the Public Lands Commission and the grant was patented to Maria Vincenta Sepulveda in 1877, adding the rancho to Sepulveda’s holdings that included Rancho Valle de San Jose purchased in 1858 (Hiltner 2010).

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 19

CITY OF RIVERSIDE
The Project is located within the Eastside Neighborhood of the City of Riverside. The City was founded by John W. North in 1870 as a colony of “intelligent, industrious, and enterprising” people. That same year, the colony began digging an irrigation canal (now known as the Riverside Canal) from the Santa Ana River to their fields. By 1872, early settlers had planted fields and built homes, stores, churches, a schoolhouse, and had established stagecoach connections. The citrus industry was established in 1873 when Eliza Tibbets, one of Riverside’s original settlers, received two seedless navel orange trees from the Department of Agriculture in Washington D.C. (City of Riverside 2015a). The citrus trees were well suited for Riverside’s climate. The success of the trees helped establish the citrus industry in the City of Riverside. In 1882, almost half of the orchard trees in California were in Riverside and the new railroad was being used to transport produce. On October 11, 1883, the City was incorporated. By the 1890s, Riverside was the wealthiest city per capita in California (Robinson 1957). During this period of prosperity, the Mission Inn was built (in 1876) as a small guest hotel, and later expanded in 1882 and the early 1900s. Now a historic landmark and listed in the NRHP, the Mission Inn was frequented by many wealthy easterners, Europeans, and even U.S. Presidents (Brown 1985).

The citrus industry continued its prominence until the late 1940s when citrus diseases killed large numbers of trees, decimating productivity. Many growers sold their orchards to land developers when they were unable to pay their taxes. The ensuing residential development was fueled both by Federal Housing Authority stimuli and a surge in immigration to the region. By the 1950s, the population of Riverside had doubled. This trend of substantial population growth has continued due to construction of Interstate 10 in the 1950s and State Route 60 in the 1960s, which improved transportation of both people and goods. Relatively low-cost housing has attracted many home buyers despite long commutes to work (Patterson 2015).

The Eastside Neighborhood is one of the oldest and largest residential areas in the City. It is situated to the east of the City’s downtown core, with the Hunter Industrial Park to the north, the University of California, Riverside and associated neighborhood to the east, and the Tequesquite Arroyo and Victoria Club Golf Course to the south (City of Riverside 2015b). Most homes in Eastside were built prior to the 1950s and include a variety of architectural styles including Victorian, Craftsman, Mission Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival, and Classical Revival. While largely a residential area, Eastside also includes many important historic civic and industrial landmarks such as the Union Pacific Depot building (built 1904); the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Depot (built 1924); the Southerland Fruit Co. Mission Packinghouse (built 1912); and North Park, located at Mission Inn Avenue and Vine Street, which was the original home site of City founder John W. North.

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 20

PROJECT AREA HISTORY
The Project Area is not located with a Spanish land grant but is approximately 100 feet southeast of the Rancho Jurupa land grant. Rancho Jurupa was granted to Juan Bandini in 1838 by Mexican California Governor Juan B. Alvarado (City of Jurupa Valley n.d.).

An 1895 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map shows the Riverside Barley Mills present at its current location at 3596 Commerce Street; the building’s original twin gabled section labeled as “Orange Packing” is visible (Sanborn 1895). The later additions to the building are visible in a 1931 USDA aerial photograph (FrameFinder 1931).

A 1908 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map (revised in 1951; Sanborn 1908) and a 1931 USDA aerial photograph show multiple large structures both industrial and residential within the Project Area (FrameFinder 1931; Figures 5 and 6). The no longer extant Riverside Soda Works (2993 6th Street) was present. The Southern Pacific Railroad cuts northeast/southwest through the Project Area. Buildings labeled on the 1908 Sanborn Fire Insurance map include: the Riverside Soda Works, Riverside Heights Orange Growers Association, Andrew Brothers Riverside Growers Inc., Westbrook Co. Furniture & Hardware Warehouse, National Orange Co. Packing House, Riverside Growers Milling Company (Riverside Barley Mills), tractor and equipment storage buildings, Shell Oil Company storage, and various single family dwellings (Sanborn 1908).

The most notable change within the Project Area is the partial demolition of the tractor and equipment storage buildings in 1967/1968 (Figure 7; NETROnline 1968). By 1978, the two large packing houses immediately west of the Riverside Soda Works (at 2993 Mission Inn Avenue) were demolished and the building at 2993 6th Street was present in its current location (NETROnline 1978). By 1980, the Westbrook Co. Furniture and Hardware warehouse located at present-day 3093 Mission Inn Avenue was demolished. By 2002, the National Orange Co. packinghouse located at the southeast corner of Commerce Street and 6th Street was demolished.

Also by 2002, the single-family dwellings within the Project Area were no longer visible (NETROnline 2002).

The Project Area is within the boundaries of both the City of Riverside’s Potential Citrus Themed Industrial Historic District and the Seventh Street East Historic District.

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 21

Figure 5. Southern Project Area; Sanborn Map, 1908 (revised 1951) Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 22

Figure 6. Project Area; USDA historic aerial photograph, 1931 USDA Historic Aerial Photograph, 1931
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 23

Figure 7. Project Area; USDA historic aerial photograph, 1967 USDA Historic Aerial Photograph, 1967
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 24

RECORDS SEARCHES

PALEONTOLOGICAL RECORDS AND LITERATURE SEARCH

A paleontological records search for the Project was conducted by the Western Science Center (Radford 2021; Appendix B). Published and grey literature along with online databases were also reviewed for fossil localities in the area including Albright (1997), Jefferson (1991a, 1991b), Scott (2008), Scott et al. (2014), and the University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) database (2021).

RECORDS AND LITERATURE SEARCH RESULTS
The results of the record search showed that no fossils were recovered from the very old alluvial fan of the study area or within one mile of the proposed Project. Several localities are present within 11 miles from the study area (Table 2).

LATE PLEISTOCENE LOCALITIES
Late Pleistocene (129,000 to 11,700 years old) sediments similar in age to sediments found within the proposed Project, have produced fossils nearby. A mammoth (†Mammuthus sp.) was reported from the city of Riverside (UCMP 2021). Cogstone recovered a horse (†Equus occidentalis) from desert loess-like deposits on Pachappa Hill (Scott et al. 2014). A saber- toothed cat (†Smilodon sp.) was recovered from the south end of Fontana (Scott 2008). Finally, a mastodon (†Mammut sp.), bison (†Bison sp.), and camel (†Camelops sp.) were recovered from western Fontana (Scott 2008; Table 2).

Table 2. Fossils from the older alluvium within the vicinity of the Project Area

Common
Name Taxon
Depth
below
original
surface Age/ dates Locality Location Reference
mammoth †Mammuthus sp. unknown Pleistocene UCMP V65248 Riverside UCMP 2021 horse †Equus
occidentalis 11 feet Pleistocene Riverside
Museum
Pachappa Hill, along
westbound SR91, just east of
the Central Ave. offramp,
Riverside
Scott et al.
2014
sabre-
toothed
cat
†Smilodon sp. ~5 feet Pleistocene SBCM 5.1.11
near the intersection of Citrus
Ave. or Jurupa Ave., southern
Fontana
Scott 2008
mastodon †Mammut sp.
>5 feet Pleistocene SBCM 5.1.14-

5.1.21 near the intersection of Valley
Blvd. or Commerce Dr.,
Fontana
Scott 2008 bison †Bison sp.
camel †Camelops sp.

MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE LOCALITIES
No fossils are known from the very old alluvial fan sediments near to the study area. All of the confirmed middle Pleistocene (774,000 to 129,000 years ago) localities near to the study area are Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 25
from the fluvio-lacustrine sediments of the San Timoteo Formation (Table 4). Stretching between 4 and 20 miles to the east/southeast of the study area, San Timoteo Formation fossils have been dated to between 700,000 years old and 1.4 million years old (Albright 1997; UCMP 2021). Extinct animals include wolf (†Canis edwardii), several varieties of horses (†1Equus bautistensis, †E. francescana, †E. idahoensis, †E. simplicidens), tapir (†Tapirus sp.), camel (†Pliauchenia sp.), Columbian mammoth (†Mammuthus columbi), rabbits, numerous rodents, shrews, and giant tortoise (†Geochelone sp.) have all been recorded from these sediments.

Table 4. Fossils from the San Timoteo Formation

Common Name Taxon
giant tortoise †Geochelone sp.

Leahy's shrew †Sorex leahyi
shrew Sorex sp.

Eden rabbit †Hypolagus edensis
rabbit Archaeolaginae?
Hibbard's cottontail †Sylvilagus hibbardi
cottontail Sylvilagus sp.

Gidley pocket gopher †Thomomys gidleyi
pocket gopher Thomomys sp.

Reynold's Timoteo gopher †Reynoldsomys timoteoensis
pocket mouse Perognathus sp.

M.O.Woodburn's Timoteo kangaroo rat †Mowowys timoteoensis Idaho early kangaroo rat †Prodipodomys idahoensis
early kangaroo rat †Prodipodomys sp.
kangaroo rat Dipodomys sp.
deer mouse †Peromyscus ?baumgartneri
complex mouse †Peromyscus complexus
Hagerman mouse †Peromyscus sp.cf. P. hagermanensis
maximum-sized mouse †Peromyscus maximus
Reynolds pygmy mouse †Bauiomys reynoldsi
harvest mouse Reithrodontomys sp.
dwarf cotton rat †Sigmodon minor medius
fossil woodrat †Neotoma fossilis
early dusky footed woodrat †Neotoma prefuscipes sp. nov. woodrat Neotoma sp.
small Snake River vole †Ophiomys taylori-parvus
California vole Microtus californicus
vole Microtus sp.

Idaho muskrat †Ondatra idahoensis
Kansas bog lemming †Mictomys kansensis
El Casco porcupine †Erethizon cascoensis
Edward's wolf †Canis edwardii
Bautista horse †Equus bautistensis
American zebra †Equus francescana
Idaho horse †Equus idahoensis
Hagerman horse †Equus simplicidens

1 The species this fossil could represent is extinct though the genus or family may still be living.

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 26
Common Name Taxon
tapir †Tapirus sp.

Pliocene camel †Pliauchenia sp.
deer Odocoileus sp.

Columbian mammoth †Mammuthus columbi
Data from Albright (1997), UCMP (2021).

CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM

Cogstone archaeologist Logan Freeberg requested a search of the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) from the Eastern Information Center (EIC) located at the University of California, Riverside on May 14, 2021. The records search included the entire proposed Project Area as well as a quarter-mile radius. Records search results from the EIC did not include any previous cultural resources studies that have been completed within the Project Area. However, the project proponent provided a preliminary cultural assessment of the Project Area conducted by McKenna et al. (McKenna 2016). An additional 12 cultural resources studies have been previously completed within a quarter-mile radius of the Project Area (Table 5).

Table 4. Previous Cultural Resources Studies within a Quarter-Mile Radius from the Project Area

Report
Number
(RI-)
Author(s) Title Year Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area
03605 Wlodarski, Robert
J.

Draft Report: An Archaeological Survey Report
Documenting the Effects of The RCIC I-215 Improvement
Project in Moreno Valley, Riverside County, to Orange
Show Road in the City of San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, California
1993 0 - 0.25
04404 Jones and Stokes
Associates, Inc.

Final Cultural Resources Inventory Report for the
Williams Communications, Inc., Fiber Optic Cable
System Installation Project, Riverside to San Diego,
California Vol I-IV
2000 0 - 0.25
04429 Love, Bruce, Bai
"Tom" Tang,
Michael Hogan,
and Mariam
Dahdul
Identification and Evaluation of Historic Properties:

Proposed Women & Children's Shelter, 2530 Third Street, City of Riverside, Riverside County, Ca
2002 0 - 0.25
05745 Doan, U.K. and
Josh Smallwood
Historical/Archaeological Resources Study: John W.

North Park, City of Riverside, Riverside County,
California
2003 0 - 0.25
05999 Tang, Bai, Michael
Hogan, Casey
Tibbet, and Terri
Jacquemain
Historic Building Evaluation, Former Royal Citrus
Company Packing Plant, 3075 Tenth Street, City of
Riverside, Riverside County, Ca
2003 0 - 0.25
06088 Bricker, David First Supplemental Historic Property Survey Report for The Improvement of Interstate Route 215/State Route
91/State Route 60, Riverside County, Ca
1998 0 - 0.25
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 27
Report
Number
(RI-)
Author(s) Title Year Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area
06422 Hogan, Michael,
Bai Tang, Matthew
Wetherbee, and
Josh Smallwood
Archaeological Monitoring Report, John W. North Park
Improvement Project, City of Riverside, Riverside
County, Ca
2005 0 - 0.25
07296 Tang, Bai "Tom",
Michael Hogan,
and Terri
Jacquemain
Historic Building Evaluation: 2971 University Avenue,
3772 Bandini Avenue, and 5410 Magnolia Avenue, City
of Riverside, Riverside County, California
2007 0 - 0.25
07851 Moses, H. Vincent
and Catherine E.

Whitmore
HABS Level II (Equivalent) Historic Resources
Documentation; History and Significance of the George
H. Gobruegge House, 2791 University Avenue Riverside,
CA 92501 (APN # 211-131-023-8); Phase II: Kawa
Market-Gobruegge House Project 2007
2007 0 - 0.25
09118 Phil Fulton and
Casey Tibbet
Cultural Resource Assessment Verizon Wireless Services
Ottawa Facility City of Riverside, Riverside County,
California
2012 0 - 0.25
09709 Mermilliod,
Jennifer
Cultural Resources Survey Mission Lofts Riverside,
Riverside County, California
2015 0 - 0.25
10652 N/A San Jacinto Branch Line Riverside County, California Determination of Eligibility and Effects Report
2003 0 - 0.25

The CHRIS records search indicated that no previously recorded cultural resources are present within Project Area. A total of 237 cultural resources have been previously recorded outside the Project Area but within the quarter-mile search radius. All of these are historic built environment resources (Appendix C).

OTHER SOURCES
In addition to the CHRIS records search a variety of sources were consulted in June 2021 to obtain information regarding the cultural context of the Project Area (Table56). Sources included the NRHP, the CRHR, Built Environment Resource Directory (BERD), California Historical Landmarks (CHL), and California Points of Historical Interest (CPHI). Specific information about the Project Area, obtained from historic-era maps and aerial photographs, is presented in the Project Area History section.

Table 5. Additional Sources Consulted

Source Results
National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) Negative.

Historic USGS Topographic Maps See Project Area History section.

Historic US Department of Agriculture Aerial
Photographs
See Project Area History section.

California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) Negative.

Built Environment Resource Directory (BERD) Negative.

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 28
Source Results
California Historical Landmarks (CHL) Negative.

California Points of Historical Interest (CPHI) Negative.

Bureau of Land Management (BLM) General Land
Office Records
Positive; See Table 6.

Sanborn Fire Insurance maps See Project Area History section.

Local Historic Societies Request for information regarding the Project Area were sent via United States Postal Service (USPS) mail to the Riverside Historical Society, the City of Riverside Historic Preservation, and the Museum of Riverside on June 1,
2021 (Appendix D). On June 9, 2021, Cogstone received
a reply from Dr. Vince Moses who is the former director of the Museum of Riverside (see below for further
information). On September 1, 2021, follow-up letters
were sent via USPS mail to the Riverside Historical
Society and the City of Riverside Historic Preservation.

No responses have been received.

Local Designations Positive; 2993 Mission Inn Avenue (Contributor of the Seventh Street East Historic District and City Structure of Merit # 412) and 3596 Commerce Street (City Structure of Merit # 86).

Table 6. Land Grant Patentees within the Project Area

Name(s) Year Accession No. Authority Township; Range; Section
Juan Bandini 5/23/1879 CACAAA
083087
Grant-Spanish/Mexican T2S; R5W; Section 23
and 24
Juan Bandini and Luis
Rubideau (Rubidoux;
Robidoux)
12/8/1876 CACAAA
084073
Grant-Spanish/Mexican T2S; R5W; Section 23
Carmen Sebrian Bernal, Jose
Cornelius Bernal, and Jose
Jesus Bernal
12/31/1857 CACAAA
138376
Grant-Spanish/Mexican T2S; R5W; Section 23
Southern Pacific Railroad
Co.
6/26/1882 CACAAA
082372
Grant-RR-Atlantic and
Pacific
T2S; R5W; Section 23
Charles L. North 12/10/1880 CA0510.111 Sale-Cash Entry T2S; R5W; Section 24

Despite extensive background research, little information could be found regarding Charles L.

North, Carmen Sebrian Bernal, Jose Cornelius Bernal, or Jose Jesus Bernal.

Juan Lorenzo Bruno Bandini (1800-1859)
Juan Bandini was the son of Jose Bandini (a Spanish native) and was born in Peru in 1800. It is believed that he came to California with his father in ca. 1819-1821. In 1822, Bandini married his first wife Dolores Estudillo. In 1827, they moved to San Diego. From 1827-1828, Bandini served as a member of the Mexican government’s Territorial Assembly. In 1833, Bandini traveled to Mexico City as a member of Congress. The following year, he returned to California Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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as the Vice-President of the Hijar and Padres Colonization and Commercial Company as well as the Inspector of Customs for California. In 1830-40, then Governor Alvarada made Bandini the administrator of the San Gabriel Mission and in 1836 granted him ownership of Rancho Tecate.

Due to constant raids by Native Americans and former rancho employees, Bandini was forced to abandon the rancho within a year. In 1838, Bandini received ownership of Rancho Jurupa, Rancho Rincon, and Rancho Cajon de Muscupiaibe in 1839 (Barrows 1898).

From 1845 to 1846, Bandini served as secretary to the last Mexican governor of California, Governor Pio Pico. During the Mexican-American War, Bandini was supportive of the United States as his daughters were at the time married to Americans. Upon California’s annexation to the United States, he was named as a member of the Legislative Council and then Alcalde of San Diego in 1848. In his later years, Bandini took to stock-raising. He died in Los Angeles on November 4, 1859 (Barrows 1898).

Louis Rubidoux (Rubideau; Robidoux; 1796-1868)
Louis Rubidoux was born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1796 to Joseph Robidoux III and Catherine Marie Rollet (Find a Grave 2021). He worked as a fur trapper in Taos, New Mexico in the late 1820s where he married Guadalupe Garcia, with whom he had eight children (Gutglueck 2014).

In 1844, Rubidoux moved his family to California, buying Rancho San Jacinto y San Gorgonio in 1845, and a portion of Rancho Jurupa in 1849. He operated the first grist mill in the Riverside, California area and served as one of San Bernardino County’s first three supervisors before portions of San Diego and San Bernardino counties were combined to form Riverside County (California Historical Landmarks 2016; Gutglueck 2014). He also fought on the American side in the Bear Flag Revolt (Gutglueck 2014). Riverside’s Mount Rubidoux is named in his honor, as are the City of Rubidoux and a branch of the Riverside Public Library District.

Both the site of his house (CHL 102) and the site of his grist mill (CHL 303) are CHLs. He died in Colton, California on September 28, 1868, and is buried there in Agua Mansa Cemetery (Find a Grave 2021).

HISTORICAL SOCIETY CONSULTATION
Dr. Vince Moses (former director of the Museum of Riverside) was forwarded Cogstone's request for information by Robin Petterson (current Director of the Museum of Riverside). Dr.

Moses commented that the area within the Project Area is considered part of a District of Merit and he does not believe it is considered a Historic District in the City of Riverside but is generally a Packinghouse District. Dr. Moses stated that the Riverside Soda Works2 is worthy of preservation and reuse. The Barley Mill building has been altered and the exterior is plastered.

Dr. Moses believes there will be historic-aged archaeology present within the Project Area. He is unsure how significant the buildings are in reflecting Citrus as they no longer functioning

2 The Project Area originally included the Riverside Soda Works Building at 2993 Mission Inn Avenue (City Structure of Merit #412). This building was destroyed by a windstorm in November 2023.

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packing houses. He recommended either contacting him at (951) 544-0960 and/or Scott Watson at the City Planning Department (Preservation Staff) for any additional information regarding the Project Area.

SACRED LANDS FILE SEARCH

Cogstone requested a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search from the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) on May 12, 2021. The NAHC responded on May 25, 2021, that the results of the search were negative (Appendix E). The City of Riverside is conducting consultations to meet the requirements of Assembly Bill 52 (AB 52).

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SURVEY

METHODS

The survey stage is important in a Project’s environmental assessment phase to verify the presence or absence of cultural and/or paleontological resources as well as to determine the exact location of each previously recorded cultural and paleontological resource, the condition or integrity of the resource, and the proximity of the resource to areas of cultural resources sensitivity. All undeveloped ground surface areas within the ground disturbance portion of the Project Area were examined for artifacts (e.g., flaked stone tools, tool-making debris, stone milling tools or fire-affected rock), soil discoloration that might indicate the presence of a cultural midden, soil depressions and features indicative of the former presence of structures or buildings (e.g., postholes, foundations), or historic-aged debris (e.g., metal, glass, ceramics).

Existing ground disturbances (e.g., cutbanks, ditches, animal burrows, etc.) were visually inspected. Photographs of the Project Area, including ground surface visibility and items of interest, were taken with a digital camera.

Methods pertaining to the survey of built environment included thoroughly photographing all, elevations/facades of a building or structure including close-up photographs of important architectural features. Character defining features of a building or structure’s exterior (including overall shape of the building, its materials, craftsmanship, decorative details, etc.) were documented along with any and all notable alterations (both historic and non-historic). Only the buildings’ exteriors were documented.

CULTURAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES SURVEY RESULTS

Cogstone archaeologist and cross-trained paleontologist John Gust surveyed all undeveloped portions of the Project Area on May 24, 2021 and June 8, 2021 using five meter wide transects (Figures 8 to 11). Ground visibility within the Project Area varied between 10 and 100 percent.

Where not landscaped, portions of the area were covered by mostly non-native low weeds. The Project Area was previously owned by Riverside Recycling Inc. Assorted shredded modern refuse is strewn about the ground surface at varying densities, at times impeding visibility of the ground surface. No areas with natural sedimentation were observed within the Project Area, but sediments slightly to the west consisted of light to medium-brown silt with a few pebble-sized rocks with moderate sorting (Figure 12).

Remnants of a railroad rail and historic-aged heating coils were observed within the Project area.

Both the railroad remnants and heating coils are considered not significant and due to a substantial lack of integrity no DPR forms were prepared. No other cultural resources and no paleontological resources were observed within the Project Area.

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Figure 8. Overview of southern third of Project Area with Mission Lofts (red/gray) in background, from 6th Street, facing north-northeast

Figure 9. Project Area overview looking towards 5th Street, facing north-northeast Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 33

Figure 10. Overview of center portion of Project Area showing recycling debris and other refuse, from 5th Street, facing south-southwest

Figure 11. Overview of northern third of Project Area, from 5th Street, facing north- northeast
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Figure 12. Natural sediments from area directly west of Project Area

SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD REMNANTS
Surviving sections of the Southern Pacific Railroad were visible within the Project Area during Cogstone’s 2021 built environment survey (Figures 13 to 16). During its period of use (ca. 1908-ca. 1938; Sanborn 1908 and FrameFinder 1938), this portion of track aided with the loading/unloading of goods and materials between the adjacent warehouses and railcars. These exposed rails are heavily obscured by gravel, asphalt, and foliage. These rail sections within the Project Area are discontinuous with large portions removed in previous years.

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Figure 13. Partially exposed rail southeast of 3093 Mission Inn Avenue, facing south.

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Figure 14. Partially exposed rail southeast of 3093 Mission Inn Avenue, facing south.

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Figure 15. Partially exposed rail east of 3596 Commerce Street, facing south

Figure 16. Rail segment northeast of building at 2993 6th Street, facing north.

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PACKINGHOUSE COILS
Large sections of the southeast boundary of the Project Area between Mission Inn Avenue and 5th Street are lined by giant iron heating coils that have been repurposed into use as fencing (Figures 17 to 19). These coils may have originally been associated with the citrus packing houses that previously occupied the Project Area. Sometime between 1968 and 1978, the two citrus packinghouses located between Mission Inn Avenue and 6th Street were demolished.

The 1908 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map notes that the Andrews Brothers Riverside Gowers Inc.

Packinghouse (located adjacent to the Riverside Soda Works) had a “sweat room.” A sweat room was used to accelerate the curing process of fruit that was picked while it was still green.

Fruit was washed and then stored in the sweat room that was heated to approximately 90 degrees; this process causes the fruit to ripen and change color quickly (cure; Homestead Museum 2018). It is possible that these coils were used for heat distribution and may have originated from the sweat room of the Andrews Brothers Riverside Gowers Inc. Packinghouse.

Following the demolition of the packinghouse (ca. 1968-1978), the coils were repurposed as materials to construct the wall that divides the Project Area from the adjacent residential area.

Figure 17. Coils located between Mission Inn Avenue and 6th Street, facing northeast

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Figure 18. Coils located between Mission Inn Avenue and 6th Street, facing southwest

Figure 19. Coils located between 6th Street and 5th Street, facing southwest Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
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SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

PALEONTOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY

A multilevel ranking system was developed by professional resource managers within the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) as a practical tool to assess the sensitivity of sediments for fossils. The Potential Fossil Yield Classification (PFYC) system (BLM 2016; Appendix F) has a multi-level scale based on demonstrated yield of fossils. The PFYC system provides additional guidance regarding assessment and management for different fossil yield rankings.

Fossil resources occur in geologic units (e.g., formations or members). The probability for finding significant fossils in a project area can be broadly predicted from previous records of fossils recovered from the geologic units present in and/or adjacent to the study area. The geological setting and the number of known fossil localities help determine the paleontological sensitivity according to PFYC criteria.

Sediments that are close to their basement rock source are typically coarse; those farther from the basement rock source are finer. The chance of fossils being preserved greatly increases once the average size of the sediment particles is reduced to 5 millimeters in diameter or less. Moreover, fossil preservation also greatly increases after natural burial in rivers, lakes, or oceans. Remains left on the ground surface become weathered by the sun or consumed by scavengers and bacterial activity, usually within 20 years or less. So the sands, silts, and clays of rivers, lakes, and oceans are the most likely sediments to contain fossils.

Using the PFYC system, geologic units are classified according to the relative abundance of vertebrate fossils or scientifically significant invertebrate or plant fossils and their sensitivity to adverse impacts within the known extent of the geological unit. Although significant localities may occasionally occur in a geologic unit, a few widely scattered important fossils or localities do not necessarily indicate a higher PFYC value; instead, the relative abundance of localities is intended to be the major determinant for the value assignment.

Based on other recorded localities, Pleistocene fossils typically begin appearing about 8 to 10 feet deep in California valleys. Shallower sediments in the valleys usually do not contain the remains of extinct animals, although Holocene (less than 11,700 years old) remains may be present. The middle to late Pleistocene old alluvial fan deposits, unit 3, are assigned different sensitivities depending on how deep the impacts are. Based on this study and the Riverside County General Plan, impacts less than four feet below the original ground surface are given a low sensitivity (PFYC 2) while deeper sediments have a moderate sensitivity (PFYC 3).

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CULTURAL RESOURCES SENSITIVITY

The Project Area is assessed to have a low potential for buried intact prehistoric-aged deposits.

No prehistoric-aged cultural resources were identified during the pedestrian survey. Based on this, the absence of previously documented prehistoric-aged cultural resources within the Project Area, the negative SLF search results, and review of historic USGS topographic quadrangle maps, the Project Area is assessed to have a low potential for buried intact prehistoric-aged deposits.

However, review of USDA historic aerial photographs and Sanborn Fire Insurance Company maps show development and redevelopment within the Project Area at times prior to implementation of modern demolition standards requiring removal of all building elements, and prior to modern garbage pickup. Due to these factors, and the presence of the railroad remnants and heating coils, the Project Area is assessed to have moderate to high sensitivity for intact buried historic-aged resources such as basements or trash pits.

Due to the modern use of the Project Area as a recycling facility, the top one foot of sediment is likely a disturbed mix of chipped modern recyclable materials and sediments that is not considered to be sensitive for cultural resources

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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES RECOMMENDATIONS

The Project is mapped entirely as middle to late Pleistocene old alluvial fan deposits, unit 3. The record search revealed no fossil localities from within the Project or immediate vicinity, however localities are known from the same sediments as found within the study area near to the Project.

The middle to late Pleistocene old alluvial fan deposits, unit 3, are assigned different sensitivities depending on how deep the impacts are. Based on this study and the Riverside County General Plan, impacts less than four feet below the original ground surface are given a low sensitivity (PFYC 2) while deeper sediments have a moderate sensitivity (PFYC 3).

Planned excavation depth for the majority of grading is 5 feet deep. Based on fossils found in similar sediments nearby, it is recommended that a Paleontological Resources Impact Mitigation Program is developed, which includes preparation of a Workers Environmental Awareness Program (WEAP) training as well as recommendations for paleontological monitoring below a depth of four feet. Drilling or pile driving activities, regardless of depth, have a low potential to produce fossils meeting significance criteria because any fossils brought up by the auger during drilling will not have information about formation, depth or context. The only instance in which such fossils will meet significance criteria is if the fossil is a species new to the region. If unanticipated fossil discoveries are made, all work must halt within 25 feet until a qualified paleontologist can evaluate the find. Work may resume immediately outside of the 25-foot radius.

CULTURAL RESOURCES RECOMMENDATIONS

While considered not to be significant, the presence of the railroad remnants and heating coils identified during the pedestrian survey, Sanborn Fire Insurance Company maps, and USDA historic aerial photographs indicate that there is a moderate to high potential for buried historic- aged resources. A WEAP training program is recommended and should be developed to inform construction personnel of the types of cultural resources that may be encountered during construction. It is also recommended that a qualified archaeologist be retained to conduct full- time cultural resources monitoring for all excavation deeper than one foot.

In the event of an unanticipated discovery, all work must be suspended within 50 feet of the find until a qualified archaeologist evaluates it. In the unlikely event that human remains are encountered during project development, all work must cease near the find immediately.

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In accordance with California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5, the County Coroner must be notified if potentially human bone is discovered. The Coroner will then determine within two working days of being notified if the remains are subject to his or her authority. If the Coroner recognizes the remains to be Native American, he or she shall contact the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) by phone within 24 hours, in accordance with Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The NAHC will then designate a Most Likely Descendant (MLD) with respect to the human remains. The MLD then has the opportunity to recommend to the property owner or the person responsible for the excavation work means for treating or disposing, with appropriate dignity, the human remains and associated grave goods. Work may not resume in the vicinity of the find until all requirements of the health and safety code have been met.

COMPATIBILITY WITH DTSC/EPA APPROVED RESPONSE PLAN

George Taylor Louden AIA, inc. completed a second cultural resources assessment in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (2024) as component of an Initial Study/Negative Declaration (Applied Planning 2024) in support of a hazardous material response plan that has been approved by the Environmental Protection Agency and California Department of Toxic Substances Control (GSI Environmental Inc. 2024) for hazardous material remediation at the site. The assessment identified the Barley Mills Building as a City of Riverside local Structure of Merit located within the Project Area. The building would be protected in place and would not be affected by the remedial actions. Separate from Barley Mills Building, the assessment did not identify any other historical resources within the Project and would not affect any known off-site historical resources.

The George Taylor Louden AIA, inc. cultural resource assessment appropriately provides procedures in case of the inadvertent discovery of potential significant cultural resources during ground disturbing (site remediation) activities. These procedures include pausing activity within the near vicinity of the find until it can be evaluated by a cultural or paleontological resources professional, and involvement of local Native American tribes if the find is of Native American Patrimony. Should an archaeological or fossil find be significant the assessment report outlines options including preservation in situ (avoidance) and data collection as determined by the City.

The assessment also details the procedures in case a discovery includes suspected human remains including the role of the Riverside County Coroner and the NAHC should the remains be determined to be of Native American origin. The procedures are consistent with CEQA and parallel Cogstone’s recommendations.

Cogstone continues to recommend WEAP training for those involved in ground-disturbing activities and their supervisors. This recommendation is supportive and complementary with this George Taylor Louden AIA, inc. inadvertent discovery plan.

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There are no conflicts between the findings and recommendations in the Cogstone and George Taylor Louden AIA, inc. cultural and paleontological resources assessments.

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REFERENCES CITED

Albright, L. B. III
1997 Geochronology and vertebrate paleontology of the San Timoteo Badlands, southern California. University of California, Riverside, PhD dissertation, 328 p.

Applied Planning
2024 Initial Study/Negative Declaration for the Former Riverside Scrap Iron and Metal Property Response Plan Project (DTSC DOCKET NO. HAS-FY21/22-032). Prepared for the Department of Toxic Substances Control, Cypress, California.

Barrows, H. D.
1898 Southern California Quarterly. “Juan Bandini.” Vol. 4. Historical Society of Southern California.

Bean, L.
1978 Cahuilla. In The Handbook of North American Indians, Vol 8: California. R. Heizer, (ed.). Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.

Bean, L. J., and C. R. Smith
1978 “Gabrielino.” In Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 8, California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 538-549 (W. T. Sturtevant, general editor). The Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Bean, L. J., and K. S. Saubel
1972 Temalpkh, Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants. Malki Museum Press, Banning, California.

BLM (Bureau of Land Management)
2016 Potential Fossil Yield Classification (PFYC) System. Online at:
https://www.blm.gov/policy/im-2016-124

Brown, James T.
1985 Harvest of the Sun: An Illustrated History of Riverside County. Windsor Publications, Northridge.

California Historical Landmarks
2016 CHL No. 303 Rubidoux Grist Mill – Riverside. Online At:
https://www.californiahistoricallandmarks.com/landmarks/chl-303. Accessed October 18, 2021.

City of Jurupa Valley
n.d. History. Available at https://www.jurupavalley.org/309/History, accessed October 13, 2021.

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City of Riverside
2015a “History of Riverside.” Available at: https://www.riversideca.gov/visiting-aboutriv.asp, accessed May 28, 2020.
2015b “Eastside Neighborhood.” Available at:
https://www.riversideca.gov/athomeinriverside/neighborhoods-eastside.asp, accessed May 28, 2020.
2012 “Historic Preservation Element”. Riverside General Plan 2025. Amended November 2012. Available at:
https://riversideca.gov/cedd/sites/riversideca.gov.cedd/files/pdf/planning/general- plan/16_Historic_Preservation_Element.pdf. Accessed: August 31, 2021.

Find a Grave
2021 Louis Robidoux. Find a Grave. Online at:
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/28739125/louis-robidoux. Accessed October 18, 2021.

Fogelson, Robert M.
1993 The Fragmented Metropolis: Los Angeles, 1850-1930. University of California Press, Berkeley.

FrameFinder
1931 “Flight C_1740_Frame B-59.” https://mil.library.ucsb.edu/ap_indexes/FrameFinder/, accessed August 27, 2021.
1938 “Flight AXM_1938A, Frame 40-59”.
https://mil.library.ucsb.edu/ap_indexes/FrameFinder/, accessed August 27, 2021.

George Taylor Louden AIA, inc.
2024 Draft Cultural Resources Assessment Report: Barley Mills Building, 3596 Commerce Street & 3051 Mission Inn Avenue; Riverside CA, Site of Riverside Soda Works, 2933 Mission Inn Avenue; Riverside CA (Modern Historical Architecture Preservation) March 15, 2024. Report prepared for Iron Lofts, LLC, Newport Beach, California.

Gutglueck, Mark
2014 Early San Bernardino County Supervisors. San Bernardino County Sentinel. Online at:
https://sbcsentinel.com/2014/07/early-san-bernardino-county-supervisors/. Accessed October 18, 2021.

GSI Environmental Inc.
2024 Response Plan Former Riverside Scrap Iron & Metal Property 2993 6th Street Riverside, California 92507 (GSI Project No. 6239). Department of Toxic Substances Control Docket No HAS-FY21/22-032. Prepared for: Iron Lofts, LLC, Newport Beach, California.

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Homestead Museum
2018 “Wo/men at Work: San Dimas Citrus Packing House, 1910.” The Homestead Blog.

Available at: https://homesteadmuseum.blog/2018/03/30/wo-men-at-work-san-dimas- citrus-packing-house-1910/, accessed August 31, 2021.

Jefferson, G. T.
1991a A Catalogue of late Quaternary Vertebrates from California: Part one, nonmarine lower vertebrate and avian taxa. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles, Technical Report #5.
1991b A Catalogue of late Quaternary Vertebrates from California: Part two, Mammals.

Natural History Museum of Los Angeles, Technical Report #7.

Kroeber, A. L.
1925 Handbook of Indians of California. Reprint of 1925 original edition, Dover Publications, New York.

McCawley, William
1996 First Angelinos: the Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles. Malki Museum Press/Ballena Press, Banning, California.

McKenna, Jeanette
2016 A Preliminary Assessment of the Properties Located at 3596 Commerce Street (APNs 211-071-001 And 211-071-002) and 2993 E. 6th Street (APN 211-071-024), City of Riverside, Riverside County, California. Report prepared for REALM, Newport Beach, California.

Meighan, C. W.
1954 A Late Complex in Southern California Prehistory. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 10(2):215-227. Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Morton, D. M., and F. K. Miller
2006 Geology map of the San Bernardino and Santa Ana 30’ x 60’ quadrangles, California; Geology and description of map units, version 1.0. Digital preparation by Cossette, P. M. and K. R. Bovard. USGS Open File Report 2006-1217, scale 1:100,000. Online at:
https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78686.htm

National Park Service
2020 Juan Bautista de Anza. Online at:
https://www.nps.gov/juba/learn/historyculture/california-anza-trail-sites.htm. Accesses October 18, 2021.

NETROnline
1968 Historic Aerials. Available at: https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer, accessed August 31, 2021.
1978 Historic Aerials. Available at: https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer, accessed August 31, 2021.

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2002 Historic Aerials. Available at: https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer, accessed August 31, 2021.

Ohles, Wallace V.
1997 Mission San Miguel Property and Padres. The Friends of the Adobes, Inc., San Miguel, California.

Patterson, T.
2015 From Acorns to Warehouse: Historical Political Economy of Southern California’s Inland Empire. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.

Radford, D.
2021 Paleontological Results from the Western Science Center. See Appendix B.

Robinson, W. W.
1957 The Story of Riverside County. Title Insurance and Trust Company. Los Angeles.

Rushing, Heather R.
1995 “In Sickness or In Health: European-Native American Contact and Disease.” Unpublished manuscript, Directed Individual Study Seminar, Department of Anthropology, Summer II Term, Mississippi State University.

Sanborn-Perris Map Co. Limited
1895 “Riverside.” Scale 50 Ft. to an Inch. Sheet 7 and 8. Available at: https://www.lapl.org/. 1908 “Riverside.” Sheet 8 and 18. Available at: https://www.lapl.org/. 1908 “Riverside.” 1951 map revisions. Sheet 18. Available at: https://www.lapl.org/.

Scott, E. (San Bernardino County Museum Department of Geological Sciences) 2008 Paleontological Literature or Records Review, Interstate 10 High Occupancy Vehicle Lane Project, Haven Ave. to Ford St., San Bernardino County, California. On file with Cogstone, Orange, California.

Scott, E., and K. Springer
2003 CEQA and Fossil Preservation in Southern California. The Environmental Monitor, Winter: 4-10, 17.

Scott, E., K. Springer, and J. C. Sagebiel
2004 Vertebrate Paleontology in the Mojave Desert: The Continuing Importance of “Follow- Through” in Preserving Paleontological Resources. In The Human Journey and Ancient Life in California’s Deserts, M. W. Allen and Reed, J. editors, pp. 65-70. Proceedings from the 2001 Millennium Conference.

Sullivan, Kerry
2010 Images of Rail: Southern Pacific in California. Charleston: Arcadia Publishing.

Strong, W. D.

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1929 Aboriginal Society in Southern California. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 26. Berkeley, California.

Sutton, M.
2011 The Palomar Tradition and its Place in the Prehistory of Southern California. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 44(4): 1-74.

Sutton, M., and J. Gardner
2010 Reconceptualizing the Encinitas Tradition of Southern California. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 42(4):1-64.

UCMP
2021 Online records search of the University of California Museum of Paleontology database.

Union Pacific
Ca. 2020 “Southern Pacific Railroad”. Available at:
https://www.up.com/aboutup/special_trains/heritage/southern_pacific/index.htm.

Accessed: November 3, 2021.

Wagner, D. L.
2002 California geomorphic provinces. California Geological Survey note 36. http://www.consrv.ca.gov/cgs/information/publications/cgs_notes/note_36/Documents/no te_36.pdf

Wallace, William J.
1955 A Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11:214-230.

Warren, Claude N.
1968 Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation on the Southern California Coast. In Archaic Prehistory in Western United States, edited by C. Irwin-Williams. Eastern New Mexico University Contributions in Anthropology 1(3):1-14

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APPENDIX A. QUALIFICATIONS

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Cogstone 51

JOHN GUST
Task Manager & Principal Investigator for Archaeology

EDUCATION
2016 Ph.D., Department of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside (UCR) 2011 M.A., Department of Anthropology, UCR
2007 M.A., Applied Geography, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs (UCCS) 2002 B.A., Department of Anthropology, minor in Geography/Environmental Studies, UCCS

SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS
Dr. Gust is a Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA) with over 11 years of experience in field archaeology.

He meets the qualifications required by the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation and his field expertise includes pedestrian surveys, excavation monitoring, resource recording, and historic artifact analysis. Dr. Gust has managed a variety of projects at Cogstone in the water, development, residential, transportation, telecommunications, and public works sectors. Dr. Gust is a member of the Society for California Archaeology, Society for American Archaeology, and the American Anthropological Association.

SELECTED EXPERIENCE
University of California Natural Reserve System San Joaquin Marsh Reserve Water Conveyance and Drainage Improvement Project, City of Irvine, Orange County, CA. Cogstone conducted a cultural and paleontological resources assessment to determine the potential impacts to cultural and paleontological resources for the proposed long-term water management improvements and habitat value of the Marsh Reserve.

Services included pedestrian survey, records searches, Sacred Lands File search from the NAHC, background research, and reporting. Due to the proximity of the project to the San Diego Creek, the project required a Clean Water Act Section 404 permit from the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and Section 106 NHPA compliance. University of California acted as the lead CEQA agency and USACE acted as lead agency under NEPA. Sub to Moffat & Nichol. Principal Investigator for Archaeology. 2020 -2021

Dogwood Road Project, City of El Centro, Imperial County, CA. Cogstone conducted a cultural resources assessment to determine the potential effects to cultural resources resulting from the construction of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Part 70-B RD Funding assisted housing on a 2.2-acre parcel.

Cogstone conducted a record search, pedestrian survey, and determined that no further cultural resources work was necessary. The assessment provided environmental documentation as required by Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The City of El Centro acted as the lead agency. Sub to Partner Science & Engineering, Inc. Principal Investigator for Archaeology. 2019-2020

Jackson St HUD 58 EA Project, City of Riverside, Riverside County, CA. Cogstone conducted a cultural resources assessment to determine the potential effects to cultural resources resulting from the construction of United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) assisted housing on a 3.58 -acre parcel.

This assessment provided environmental documentation as required by Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). The City of Riverside was the lead agency. Cogstone conducted a records search, a Sacred Lands File Search, a pedestrian survey, and produced a report. Sub to Partner Science & Engineering.

Principal Investigator for Archaeology and Report Author. 2019

Corona Affordable Housing Monitoring Project, City of Corona, Riverside County, CA. Cogstone conducted cultural and paleontological resources monitoring, analyzed recovered artifacts, and prepared a monitoring compliance report during grading for the development of affordable multi -family apartment buildings.

Conducted lab work and artifact analysis. Sub to C&C Development. Archaeology Supervisor & Report Author. 2018-2019
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2

Cogstone 52

KIM SCOTT
Principal Investigator for Paleontology

EDUCATION
2013 M.S., Biology with a paleontology emphasis, California State University, San Bernardino 2000 B.S., Geology with paleontology emphasis, University of California, Los Angeles

TRAINING AND CERTIFICATIONS
Trained and certified in geomorphology techniques, National Park Service, National Center for Preservation Technology and Training

SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS
Ms. Scott has 28 years of experience in California as a paleontologist and sedimentary geologist . Scott has worked extensively in the field surveying, monitoring, and salvaging fossils on hundreds of projects. In addition, she has special skills in jacketing large fossils, fossil preparation (cleaning and stabilization) and in the preparation of stratigraphic sections and other documentation for fossil localities. She frequently authors paleontological assessments, paleontological mitigation plans, and monitoring compliance reports to all agency requirements. She authors and conducts crew sensitivity training, serves as company safety officer, and has authored both the company safety and paleontology manuals.

SELECTED EXPERIENCE
Purple Line Extension (Westside Subway), Sections 1 and 2, Metropolitan Transit Authority (METRO), Los Angeles, CA. The project involves construction of seven stations from the existing Purple Line at Wilshire/Western Avenue along Wilshire Boulevard to the Veterans Administration Hospital in Westwood for

8.6 miles. Manages all paleontological services for Sections 1 and 2 of the subway project including budgets, WEAP training, monitoring, fossil recovery, lab work, analysis, and reporting. Sub to JV West (Stantec/Jacobs JV) (Section 1), AECOM (Section 2). Principal Investigator for Paleontology. 2014-ongoing

Bell Gardens Water Reservoir Project, City of Bell Gardens, Los Angeles County, CA. Cogstone conducted a cultural and paleontological resources assessment to determine the potential impacts to cultural and paleontological resources during improvements which included a new two -million-gallon reservoir, booster pump station, well to be drilled, and other components. Services included record searches, Sacred Lands File search from the Native American Heritage Commission, and an intensive -pedestrian survey of the 1.7-acre project area. Sub to Infrastructure Engineers. Principal Investigator for Paleontology. 2019 -2020

Conducted lab work and artifact analysis. Sub to C&C Development. Principal Investigator for Paleontology. 2018-2019

Fire Station 172 Project, Rancho Cucamonga Fire Protection District, San Bernardino County, CA. Cogstone determined the potential effects of paleontological, archaeological, and historical resources on the proposed project. The project involved relocation of the Fire Station from 9612 San Bernardino Road to 8870 San Bernardino Road. Services included the management of record searches, a Sacred Lands File search, a pedestrian survey, and completion the cultural resources assessment report. Sub to Michael Baker International.

Principal Investigator for Paleontology. 2018

San Bernardino Countywide On-Call Services, San Bernardino, CA. As prime contractor, Cogstone provided cultural, historical, and paleontological resource services for short term projects. Task services included cultural resources assessments and monitoring in compliance with CEQA, NEPA, Section 106 of the NHPA, and County regulations. Short-term projects included Pioneertown and other roads, Bear Springs, Aldorf Road, Elder Creek, NTH Bridges, Marshall Boulevard, Cajon Creek, Dola Bridge, Lanzit Ditch, and Luna Road.

Principal Investigator for Paleontology. 2016-2017
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2

Cogstone 53

SHANNON LOPEZ
Architectural Historian & Contributor

EDUCATION
2018 M.A., History (with an emphasis in architecture), California State University, Fullerton 2012 B.A., History, Minor in Asian-Pacific Studies, California State University, Dominguez Hills

SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS
Ms. Lopez is a qualified architectural historian and meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Architectural History. Ms. Lopez is experienced in architectural history research and surveys along with photo documentation and recording of built environment resources for local and federal projects. Ms. Lopez is acknowledged as an approved Architectural Historian by Caltrans. She has extensive knowledge with Native American consultation, consultation with city and county historical societies, and analysis of primary and secondary sources. Additionally, she is an approved Reader at the Huntington Library by the Los Angeles Office of Historic Resources.

SELECTED EXPERIENCE
San Gabriel River Commuter Bikeway and Big Dalton Wash Commuter Bikeway, City of Baldwin Park, Los Angeles County, CA. Cogstone conducted a cultural and historic built environment resources assessment to determine the potential impacts to cultural and historical resources for the proposed construction of approximately five miles of new bikeway/pedestrian pathway. Services included pedestrian surveys, records searches, a Sacred Lands File search from the NAHC, preparation of DPR 523 forms, NRHP eligibility assessments, and reporting. The project required a Section 408 permit from the USACE due to the proximity of the federally managed San Gabriel River and tributaries. All work performed complied with Section 106 of the NHPA. The City of Baldwin Park acted as lead agency under CEQA. Sub to Infrastructure Engineering Corporation. Architectural Historian. 2020-2021

Los Angeles Harbor College, City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA. Cogstone conducted a study to determine the potential impacts to cultural resources for the proposed demolition, renovation, and construction at the college. Three of the buildings scheduled for demolition were considered historic in age and required evaluation under CEQA. Cogstone conducted a records search, historical society outreach, a pedestrian survey, and produced a Historic Resources Evaluation Report. Sub to PlaceWorks. Architectural Historian & Author. 2020

Century Villages at Cabrillo, City of Long Beach, Los Angeles County, CA. This Project involved the demolition of 215 dwelling units, 20,000 square feet of administrative and supportive services, and 10,000 square feet of amenities. Cogstone conducted a cultural and historic resources records search, a field visit, evaluation of the historic resources, and produced a built environment report. Conducted research, evaluation and co-author. Architectural Historian. 2019

737 S. Oxford Ave. Apartments Project, City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential effects to cultural and paleontological resources resulting from the construction of a new seven-story, 92-unit apartment building with a single level subterranean parking garage.

The project area was open ranching and agricultural lands until development began in the early 20th century. By 1918, two single-family homes with detached garages were present on the property with nearly two dozen homes around the project area as well a handful of empty lots. Cogstone conducted a survey, documented the building proposed for demolition within the project area, and prepared a cultural resources assessment.

Architectural Historian. 2018

Desert Sage Wellness Center, City of Hemet, Riverside County, CA. Cogstone completed a National Register of Historic Places eligibility re-evaluation for a proposed historical ranching line camp on behalf of the California Area Office Indian Health Service. This study was performed pursuant to Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Services included a cultural and historic built environment survey, records search, update to DPR forms, public outreach, background research, and reported updates to SHPO. Principal Investigator for Archaeology. Architectural Historian. 2018
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2

Cogstone 54

KELLY VREELAND
Paleontologist & Co-Author

EDUCATION
2014 M.S., Geology, California State University, Fullerton 2010 B.S., Geology, California State University, Fullerton

SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS
Ms. Vreeland is a Paleontologist with over 12 years of experience in field paleontology. Her field and laboratory experience includes fieldwork and research projects throughout California and Nevada, as well as conducting fieldwork and surficial geologic mapping in Montana. Ms. Vreeland has expertise in invertebrate paleontology and paleoecology. Ms. Vreeland is a member of the Geological Society of America, the Paleontological Society, the Society for Sedimentary Geology, and the Association for Women in Geoscience.

SELECTED EXPERIENCE
State Route 60 Truck Lanes Project, RCTC, Caltrans District 8, City of Banning, Riverside County, CA.

RCTC in cooperation with Caltrans proposed to construct an eastbound truck -climbing lane and westbound truck-descending lane – along with inside and outside standard shoulders in both directions. The total length of the project is 4.51 miles. A combined Paleontological Identification Report and Paleontological Evaluation Report (PIR/PER) found a high likelihood for this project to impact paleontological resources. Mitigation measures included a Paleontological Mitigation Plan (PMP) which included requiring a paleontological Worker Environmental Awareness Program (WEAP) training, signed repository agreement with the San Bernardino County Museum, monitoring by a principal paleontologist, and defined standard field and laboratory methods.

Cogstone is providing paleontological monitoring. At the end of construction, Cogstone will prepare a Paleontological Monitoring Report (PMR). Caltrans is the lead agency under NEPA and CEQA. Sub to ECORP. Supervisor. 2020-ongoing

University of California Natural Reserve System San Joaquin Marsh Reserve Water Conveyance and Drainage Improvement Project, City of Irvine, Orange County, CA. Cogstone conducted a cultural and paleontological resources assessment to determine the potential impacts to cultural and paleontological resources for the proposed long-term water management improvements and habitat value of the Marsh Reserve.

Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA) United Airlines East Maintenance Hangar and Ground Support Equipment Project, LAX, Los Angeles County, CA. Cogstone conducted cultural and paleontological monitoring during the proposed consolidation and modernization of existing facilities. The project intended to redevelop an approximately 35-acre site. Planned vertical impacts were up to 6 feet deep for footings, at least

10.5 feet for stormwater detention, and 50 to 70 feet deep for auguring. Upon completion of monitoring, Cogstone prepared a Cultural and Paleontological Resources Monitoring Compliance Report. The City of Los Angeles acted as lead agency for the project. Sub to CDM Smith. Paleontology Supervisor. 2020 -2021

Jack Ranch San Luis Obispo Agricultural Cluster Project, City of San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County, CA. Cogstone prepared a cultural and paleontological assessment to propose effective mitigation of potential adverse impacts to paleontological resources resulting from a proposed subdivision of a 299 -acre property into 13 residential lots as well as a Conditional Use Permit to allow for a Major Agricultural Cluster project.

Cogstone provided archaeological and paleontological monitoring and submitted a Cultural and Paleontological Resources Monitoring Compliance Report upon completion. Sub to Kirk Consulting. Paleontology Supervisor. 2020-2021
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2

Cogstone 55

LOGAN FREEBERG
GIS Supervisor

EDUCATION
2018 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Certificate, California State University, Fullerton 2003 B.A., Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara

SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS
Mr. Freeberg has over 17 years of experience in cultural resource management and has extensive experience in field surveying, data recovery, monitoring, and excavation of archaeological and paleontological resources associated with land development projects in the private and public sectors. He has conducted all phases of archaeological work, including fieldwork, laboratory analysis, research, and reporting. Mr. Freeberg also has a strong grounding in conventional field and laboratory methods and is skilled in the use of ArcGIS.

SELECTED EXPERIENCE
New Cuyama Dump Sites 1, 2, and 3, BLM Bakersfield Office, Santa Barbara County, CA. The Project involved identifying archaeological and historical resources present within three illegal dump sites on BLM land. This study included an assessment of the historic potential of dump refuse and NRHP eligibility recommendations for debris demonstrating affirmative evidence for an age of greater than 45 years. A Class III Cultural Resources survey was conducted and included an intensive -level pedestrian survey of the APE and a total of three historic trash scatters were identified during the survey and a total of four historic isolates were identified. These resources were recorded on Department of Parks and Recreation 523 (DPR 523) forms. No archaeological sites or isolates were identified. No artifacts were collected. The deliverables were accepted by the BLM without revisions. Archaeologist & GIS Supervisor. 2020 -2021

Cogstone conducted a records search, pedestrian survey, and determined that no further cultural resources work was necessary. The assessment provided environmental documentation as required by Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The City of El Centro acted as the lead agency. Sub to Partner Science & Engineering, Inc. GIS Supervisor. 2019 -2020 Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2

Cogstone 56

MOLLY VALASIK
QA/QC

EDUCATION
2009 M.A., Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 2006 B.A., Anthropology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS
Ms. Valasik is a Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA) with more than 1 4 years of experience. She is a skilled professional who is well-versed in the compliance procedures of CEQA and Section 106 of the NHPA and regularly prepares cultural resources assessment reports for a variety of federal, state, and local agencies throughout California. Ms. Valasik has managed a variety of projects at Cogstone in the water, transportation, energy, development, and federal sectors. She meets the qualifications required by the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation. She is accepted as a principal investigator for prehistoric archaeology by the State Office of Historic Preservation’s Information Centers.

SELECTED EXPERIENCE
Creekside Specific Plan, City of San Juan Capistrano, Orange County, CA. Cogstone conducted a study to determine the potential impacts to cultural and paleontological resources for the proposed demolition of an existing 123,000 square-foot building and construction of 188 residential units on 15.3 acres. Services included records searches, background research, and an intensive-level pedestrian survey. Based on the results of the record search and ethnographic data, it was found likely that substantive archaeological deposits exist. The project area was considered moderately sensitive for cultural and paleontological resources and archaeological and paleontological monitoring during all ground-disturbing activities was recommended. The City of San Juan Capistrano acted as lead CEQA agency. Sub to PlaceWorks. Principal Investigator for Archaeology. 2019 -2020

Principal Investigator for Archaeology. 2018

La Verne General Plan Update, City of La Verne, Los Angeles County, CA. Cogstone reviewed and summarized available information regarding known paleontological, archaeological, and historical resources within the boundaries of the City of La Verne to support an update of the City’s General Plan. Cogstone conducted archaeological and paleontological record searches, extensive historical research at City Hall, a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search was requested from the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), and a general analysis of impacts of future projects within the city that may adversely affect paleontological, archaeological, or historic resources was provided along with mitigation recommendations. Sub to De Novo.

Principal Investigator for Archaeology. 2018

Magnolia Avenue Improvements, Caltrans District 8, City of Riverside, Riverside County, CA. For this local assistance project on behalf of the City of Riverside, the project involved producing an Archaeological Survey Report (ASR), Historical Resources Evalutation Report (HRER), and Historical Property Survey Report (HPSR) for Section 106 of the NHPA compliance. The City proposed widening Magnolia Avenue between Buchanan and Banbury by narrowing the existing median. Managed record search, Sacred Lands File search, Native American consultations, intensive-level pedestrian archaeological and architectural surveys, as well as coordination and approval by District 8 of an Area of Potential Effects (APE) map. The HRER included DPR series 523 forms for the evaluation of six properties all of which were determined not eligible for listing in the National Register. Sub to Michael Baker/PMC. Principal Investigator. 2016 -2017 Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2

Cogstone 57

ERIC SCOTT
Paleontology QA/QC

EDUCATION
1990 M.A., Anthropology (Biological), University of California, Los Angeles 1985 B.A., Anthropology (Physical), California State University, Northridge

SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS
Mr. Scott is a professional vertebrate paleontologist with 3 8 years of experience in paleontological mitigation, fieldwork, curation, and research. He is an emeritus paleontology curator of the San Bernardino County Museum, an adjunct at California State University, San Bernardino, and a research associate of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and the La Brea Tar Pits and Museum, where he was lead excavator of the Pit 91 excavation from 1985-1991. He is a 30+ year member of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, an international society of professional scientists where he currently serves on the Government Affairs Committee; he also holds membership in the Geological Society of America and other professional societies. Eric has published over 40 research articles in professional scientific journals.

Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA) Ongoing Technical Support for Environmental, Mitigation Reporting, and Sustainability Issues Associated with LAWA Construction Projects, LAX, Los Angeles County, CA.

Cogstone conducted cultural and paleontological resources monitoring during proposed consolidation and modernization of existing facilities. The project involved redeveloping multiple facilities including hangars and associated structures for Delta Airlines and United Airlines, among others. Upon completion of monitoring, Cogstone prepared Cultural and Paleontological Resources Monitoring Compliance Reports. The City of Los Angeles acted as lead agency for the project. Sub to CDM Smith. Program Manager. 2019 -2021

Deep Soil Mixing Pilot Project, Community of Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles County, CA. As part of an on-call contract with the Los Angeles Bureau of Engineering (LABOE), Cogstone provided cultural and paleontological resources monitoring as well as managed Native American monitoring during ground - disturbing activities. The City of Los Angeles was the lead agency under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). Monitoring for the Project was conducted in compliance with the Contingency Plan conditions for the Coastal Development Permit (CDP) from the California Coastal Commission (CCC). No cultural or paleontological resources were identified. No further work was necessary. Sub to ICF. Principal Investigator for Paleontology. 2020

Gates Canyon Stormwater Capture Project, unincorporated area of Calabasas, Los Angeles County, CA.

Cogstone conducted cultural and paleontological resources monitoring for 31 days during proposed improvements to Gates Canyon Park that will allow the capture and storage of stormwater runoff from an adjacent 105-acre residential area. Monitoring complied with program mitigation measures and as defined by the County of Los Angeles, Department of Public Works (LACDPW). LACDPW was the project proponent and acted as the lead agency under CEQA. Sub to Aspen Environmental. Task Manager. 2019

Eastside Reservoir Project (Diamond Valley Lake), City of Hemet, Riverside County, CA. The project developed southern California’s largest freshwater reservoir. Paleontological monitoring and mitigation provided by San Bernardino County Museum. Supervised fieldwork, conducted and supervised lab work, wrote weekly, annual, and final reports. Paleontology Curator, Field Supervisor, and Report Author. 1993 -2003

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 58

APPENDIX B. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES RECORDS SEARCH

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 59

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 60

APPENDIX C. RESOURCES WITHIN A QUARTER-MILE FROM THE

PROJECT AREA
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 61
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
004495 Historic
Built
Environment
Canal/ Aqueduct;
"Riverside Canal"; 1870/
1886.
1991,
1992,
1996,
2001,
2003,
2009,
2016,
0 - 0.25 Recommended
Not Eligible
011517 Historic
Built
Environment
Hotel, 1-3 story
commercial building,
Government building,
Theater; Pueblo, Mission
Revival, Moorish,
Churrigueresque,
Renaissance Revival,
Mediterranean, Classical
Revival,
and even Romanesque
styles, "7th Street Historic
District-Riverside"; 1871,
1888-1925.
1996 0 - 0.25 2S2
011521 Historic
Built
Environment
Single-Family properties;
French Second Empire,
Victorian Stick, Shingle,
Queen Anne, Eastlake,
Mission Revival,
Classical Revival, and
Craftsman, "Heritage
Square Historic District";
1880-1918.
1992,
1996
0 - 0.25 2S2
011902 Historic
Built
Environment
Single family properties;
Victorian cottage style,
California Bungalow,
Frame style, Classical
Revival style, Spanish
Colonial Revival style,
"Eastside"; 1895-1929.
1980 0 - 0.25 Unevaluated
012166 Historic
Built
Environment
Single family residence;
California Ranch House,
"1673 Mathews Street";
1946.
1998 0 - 0.25 6Y
027257 Historic
Built
Environment
Single family residence;
Folk Victorian and
Bungalow "2616 Mission
Inn Avenue"; 1909.
2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
009678 Historic
Built
Environment
John W. North Park 2003 0 - 0.25 2D2
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 62
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
009681 Historic
Built
Environment
Riverside Arlington
Heights Fruit Exchange;
Contributing Resource to
the Seventh Street
Historic District;
Sunkist Building or Citrus
Exchange.
1979,
1996
0 - 0.25 1S, 2D2
009687 Historic
Built
Environment
San Pedro, Los Angeles,
& Salt Lake R. R. Depot;
Union Pacific R. R.

Depot;
S.P., L.A. and Salt Lake
RR Depot.
1976,
2003
0 - 0.25 1S, 2D2
009689 Historic
Built
Environment
Citrus Tree Pergolae--
Seventh Street Furniture;
contributing resource of
the Seventh Street
Historic District;
Sutherland Fruit
Company;
American Fruit Growers
Inc.
1979,
1984,
1985,
1985,
1996,
2003
0 - 0.25 2D2
010973 Historic
Built
Environment
Santa Fe Depot 1979 0 - 0.25 2D2
011520 Historic
Built
Environment
Mission Business
Building;
contributing resource to
the Seventh Street
Historic District.
1996 0 - 0.25 2D2
011627 Historic
Built
Environment
Commercial/ industrial
building, Mission style;
Former Smith-Grubbs
Company; 1927.
0 - 0.25 5S1
011628 Historic
Built
Environment
Industrial building,
Mission style, Former
Cresmer Manufacturing
Company compound;
1926.
0 - 0.25 5S1
011629 Historic
Built
Environment
3333 Park Avenue;
CRM TECH 844-3H;
Voided – 027281.
2001,
2002
0 - 0.25 6Z
011775 Historic
Built
Environment
Single family property,
Victorian style; 1908.
1979 0 - 0.25 Unevaluated
011793 Historic
Built
Environment
Commercial warehouse;
1910.
1979 0 - 0.25 Unevaluated
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 63
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
011862 Historic
Built
Environment
Single family property,
Victorian style; 1893.
0 - 0.25 Unevaluated
011863 Historic
Built
Environment
Single family property,
Victorian/Greek Revival
style; 1897.
0 - 0.25 Unevaluated
011878 Historic
Built
Environment
Single family property,
Victorian style; 1877.
1979 0 - 0.25 Unevaluated
011959 Historic
Built
Environment
2764 9th Street 1980 0 - 0.25 5D1
011961 Historic
Built
Environment
2788 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011962 Historic
Built
Environment
2791 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011964 Historic
Built
Environment
2826 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011966 Historic
Built
Environment
2843 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011968 Historic
Built
Environment
2859 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011969 Historic
Built
Environment
2875 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011971 Historic
Built
Environment
2906 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1

011972 Historic
Built
Environment
2916 9th Street 1980,
2020
0 - 0.25 5D1
011973 Historic
Built
Environment
2916 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011975 Historic
Built
Environment
2938 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011977 Historic
Built
Environment
2950 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011980 Historic
Built
Environment
2961-63 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 64
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
011981 Historic
Built
Environment
2973 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011982 Historic
Built
Environment
2982 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011983 Historic
Built
Environment
2983 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011984 Historic
Built
Environment
2994 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011985 Historic
Built
Environment
2995 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011987 Historic
Built
Environment
3006 9th Street 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
011988 Historic
Built
Environment
3015 9th Street. 1980,
2001
0 - 0.25 5D1
012186 Historic
Built
Environment
2932 6th Street 2000 0 - 0.25 5S3
013079 Historic
Built
Environment
Royal Citrus Company
packing plant.
2003 0 - 0.25 6Z
013941 Historic
Built
Environment
John W. North Park;
CRM TECH 1037-1.
2004 0 - 0.25 2D2
014392 Historic
Built
Environment
National Orange
Company;
National Orange Packing
Company.
1991 0 - 0.25 7W
016213 Historic
Built
Environment
Martha A. Schmitt House;
Historic George H.

Gobruegge House; 2791
University Avenue.
2007 0 - 0.25 5S2
016819 Historic
Built
Environment
Dole/E.T. Wall Company;
E.T. Wall Citrus Packing
and Sorting Plant.
1992 0 - 0.25 Unevaluated
016820 Historic
Built
Environment
E.T. Wall Growers &
Shippers Citrus Loading.
1996 0 - 0.25 5S1
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 65
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
017554 007508 Historic
Built
Environment

Atlantic & Pacific
Railroad;
Atchison, Topeka & Santa
Fe Railway;
BNSF; AE-PVL-1H.
2009 0 - 0.25 Recommended
as Non-
Contributing
Element to
Resource;
Recommended
Eligible for
CRHR.
017720 Historic
Built
Environment
Central Fire Station;
Fire Station No. 1; OHP
Property Number –
115318.
2008 0 - 0.25 3CS
023958 Historic
Built
Environment
3841 Park Avenue;
Second Baptist Church;
2911 Ninth Street.
2012 0 - 0.25 3CS
027053 Historic
Built
Environment
2827 10th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027054 Historic
Built
Environment
2877 10th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027055 Historic
Built
Environment
2891 10th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027056 Historic
Built
Environment
2929 10th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027058 Historic
Built
Environment
2951 10th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027183 Historic
Built
Environment
3328 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027184 Historic
Built
Environment
3336 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027185 Historic
Built
Environment
3354 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027186 Historic
Built
Environment
3360 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027187 Historic
Built
Environment
3361 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027188 Historic
Built
Environment
3365 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 66
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
027189 Historic
Built
Environment
3366 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027190 Historic
Built
Environment
3379 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027191 Historic
Built
Environment
3380 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027192 Historic
Built
Environment
3386 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027193 Historic
Built
Environment
3387 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027194 Historic
Built
Environment
3397 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027195 Historic
Built
Environment
3405 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027196 Historic
Built
Environment
3410 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027197 Historic
Built
Environment
3420 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027198 Historic
Built
Environment
3442 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027199 Historic
Built
Environment
3454 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027200 Historic
Built
Environment
3493 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027201 Historic
Built
Environment
3528 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027202 Historic
Built
Environment
3529 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027203 Historic
Built
Environment
3555 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027204 Historic
Built
Environment
3568 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 67
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
027205 Historic
Built
Environment
3579 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027206 Historic
Built
Environment
3580-3582 Comer
Avenue
2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027207 Historic
Built
Environment
3591 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027208 Historic
Built
Environment
3619 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027209 Historic
Built
Environment
3620 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027210 Historic
Built
Environment
3631 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027212 Historic
Built
Environment
3643 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027213 Historic
Built
Environment
3655 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027215 Historic
Built
Environment
3667 Comer Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027218 Historic
Built
Environment
3304 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5D1
027219 Historic
Built
Environment
3305 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5D1
027220 Historic
Built
Environment
3312 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027221 Historic
Built
Environment
3322 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027222 Historic
Built
Environment
3328-30-32 Eucalyptus
Avenue
2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027223 Historic
Built
Environment
3331 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027224 Historic
Built
Environment
3339 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5D1
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 68
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
027225 Historic
Built
Environment
3342 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027226 Historic
Built
Environment
3347 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027227 Historic
Built
Environment
3352 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027228 Historic
Built
Environment
3353 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027229 Historic
Built
Environment
3360 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027231 Historic
Built
Environment
3368 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5D1
027232 Historic
Built
Environment
3369 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5D1
027233 Historic
Built
Environment
3377 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027234 Historic
Built
Environment
3382 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027235 Historic
Built
Environment
3393 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5D1

027236 Historic
Built
Environment
3394 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5D1
027238 Historic
Built
Environment
3419 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027239 Historic
Built
Environment
3430 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027240 Historic
Built
Environment
3431 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027241 Historic
Built
Environment
3445 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1

027242 Historic
Built
Environment
3456 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 69
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
027243 Historic
Built
Environment
3469 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027246 Historic
Built
Environment
3545 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027247 Historic
Built
Environment
3553 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027248 Historic
Built
Environment
3568 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027249 Historic
Built
Environment
3569 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027256 Historic
Built
Environment
3753 Eucalyptus Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027264 Historic
Built
Environment
2340 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027265 Historic
Built
Environment
2341 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027266 Historic
Built
Environment
2354 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027267 Historic
Built
Environment
2368 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027268 Historic
Built
Environment
2751 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027269 Historic
Built
Environment
2771 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027270 Historic
Built
Environment
2800 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027271 Historic
Built
Environment
2909 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027273 Historic
Built
Environment
2921 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027274 Historic
Built
Environment
2932 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 70
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
027275 Historic
Built
Environment
2933 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027276 Historic
Built
Environment
2944 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027277 Historic
Built
Environment
2957 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027278 Historic
Built
Environment
2968 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027279 Historic
Built
Environment
2980 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027280 Historic
Built
Environment
3008 4th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027282 Historic
Built
Environment
3359 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027283 Historic
Built
Environment
3407 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027284 Historic
Built
Environment
3432 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027285 Historic
Built
Environment
3443 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027286 Historic
Built
Environment
3444 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027287 Historic
Built
Environment
3459 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027288 Historic
Built
Environment
3475 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027289 Historic
Built
Environment
3491 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027290 Historic
Built
Environment
3511 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027291 Historic
Built
Environment
3544 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 71
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
027292 Historic
Built
Environment
3545 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027293 Historic
Built
Environment
3553-55-57-59 Park
Avenue
2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027294 Historic
Built
Environment
3558 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027295 Historic
Built
Environment
3570 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027296 Historic
Built
Environment
3645 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027297 Historic
Built
Environment
2937 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027298 Historic
Built
Environment
3960 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027299 Historic
Built
Environment
3973 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027300 Historic
Built
Environment
3985 Park Avenue 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027373 Historic
Built
Environment
2310 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027374 Historic
Built
Environment
2311 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027375 Historic
Built
Environment
2327 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1

027376 Historic
Built
Environment
2359 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027377 Historic
Built
Environment
2374 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027378 Historic
Built
Environment
2375 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027379 Historic
Built
Environment
2391 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 72
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
027380 Historic
Built
Environment
2426 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027381 Historic
Built
Environment
2549-51-53-55 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027382 Historic
Built
Environment
2626 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027383 Historic
Built
Environment
2725 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027384 Historic
Built
Environment
2726 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027385 Historic
Built
Environment
2775 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027386 Historic
Built
Environment
2776 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027387 Historic
Built
Environment
2825 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027388 Historic
Built
Environment
2826 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027389 Historic
Built
Environment
2875 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027390 Historic
Built
Environment
2876 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027391 Historic
Built
Environment
2920 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027392 Historic
Built
Environment
2932 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027393 Historic
Built
Environment
2933 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027394 Historic
Built
Environment
2944 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027395 Historic
Built
Environment
2945 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 73
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
027396 Historic
Built
Environment
2956 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027397 Historic
Built
Environment
2957 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027398 Historic
Built
Environment
2980 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027399 Historic
Built
Environment
2981 5th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027410 Historic
Built
Environment
2409 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027412 Historic
Built
Environment
2459 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027413 Historic
Built
Environment
2490 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027414 Historic
Built
Environment
2516 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027415 Historic
Built
Environment
2517 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027416 Historic
Built
Environment
2551 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027417 Historic
Built
Environment
2583 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027418 Historic
Built
Environment
2617 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027419 Historic
Built
Environment
2650 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027420 Historic
Built
Environment
2682 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027421 Historic
Built
Environment
2683 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027422 Historic
Built
Environment
2717 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 74
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
027423 Historic
Built
Environment
2750 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027424 Historic
Built
Environment
2751 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027425 Historic
Built
Environment
2782 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027426 Historic
Built
Environment
2783 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027427 Historic
Built
Environment
2817 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027428 Historic
Built
Environment
2818 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1

027429 Historic
Built
Environment
2851 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027430 Historic
Built
Environment
2882 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027431 Historic
Built
Environment
2883 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027432 Historic
Built
Environment
2909 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027433 Historic
Built
Environment
2921 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5D1
027434 Historic
Built
Environment
2933 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027435 Historic
Built
Environment
2934 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5D1
027436 Historic
Built
Environment
2944 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027437 Historic
Built
Environment
2956 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027438 Historic
Built
Environment
2957 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 75
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
027439 Historic
Built
Environment
2981 7th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5B1
027447 Historic
Built
Environment
2452 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027448 Historic
Built
Environment
2482 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027449 Historic
Built
Environment
2514 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027450 Historic
Built
Environment
2517 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027451 Historic
Built
Environment
2563 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027452 Historic
Built
Environment
2566 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027453 Historic
Built
Environment
2586 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027454 Historic
Built
Environment
2625 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027455 Historic
Built
Environment
2628 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027456 Historic
Built
Environment
2675 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027457 Historic
Built
Environment
2676 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027458 Historic
Built
Environment
2725 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027459 Historic
Built
Environment
2726 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027460 Historic
Built
Environment
2776 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027461 Historic
Built
Environment
2821 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 76
Primary
No.
(P-33-)
Trinomial
No. (CA-
RIV)
Resource
Type
Resource Description Year
Recorded
Distance
(miles)
from
Project
Area

NRHP/CRHR
Status
027462 Historic
Built
Environment
2851 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027463 Historic
Built
Environment
2881 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027464 Historic
Built
Environment
2908-06-10 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027465 Historic
Built
Environment
2909-11 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027466 Historic
Built
Environment
2920 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027467 Historic
Built
Environment
2921 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027468 Historic
Built
Environment
2932 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S3
027469 Historic
Built
Environment
2933 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027470 Historic
Built
Environment
2944 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5S1
027471 Historic
Built
Environment
2956 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027472 Historic
Built
Environment
2957 6th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 6Z1
027636 Historic
Built
Environment
2727 9th Street 2001 0 - 0.25 5D1
028753 Historic
Built
Environment
California Iron Works;
Stebler Parker Co;
Sears, Roebuck & Co.
2003 0 - 0.25 2S2, 3D

028754 Historic
Built
Environment
Altland Fruit Company 2003 0 - 0.25 3S
028755 Historic
Built
Environment
3112 1st Street 2003 0 - 0.25 5S
028760 Historic
Built
Environment
3130 1st Street 2003 0 - 0.25 6Y2 pending
SHPO
Concurrence
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 77

APPENDIX D. HISTORIC SOCIETY CONSULTATION

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 78

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 79

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 80

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 81
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 82

APPENDIX E. SACRED LAND FILE SEARCH

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 83

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 84

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 85

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 86
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 87
Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 88

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 89

APPENDIX F. PALEONTOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY RANKING

CRITERIA

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2
Iron Lofts Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 90
PFYC Description Summary (BLM 2016) PFYC
Rank
Very Low. The occurrence of significant fossils is non-existent or extremely rare. Includes igneous (excluding air-fall and reworked volcanic ash units), metamorphic, or Precambrian rocks.

Assessment or mitigation of paleontological resources is usually unnecessary except in very rare or isolated circumstances that result in the unanticipated presence of fossils. 1 Low. Sedimentary geologic units that are unlikely to contain vertebrate or scientifically significant nonvertebrate fossils. Includes rock units less than 10,000 years old and sediments with significant physical and chemical changes (e.g., diagenetic alteration) which decrease the potential for fossil preservation. Assessment or mitigation of paleontological resources is not likely to be necessary.
2 Moderate. Units are known to contain vertebrate or scientifically significant nonvertebrate fossils, but these occurrences are widely scattered and/or of low abundance. Common invertebrate or plant fossils may be found and opportunities may exist for casual collecting. Paleontological mitigation strategies will be based on the nature of the proposed activity.

Management considerations cover a broad range of options that may include record searches, pre- disturbance surveys, monitoring, mitigation, or avoidance. Surface-disturbing activities may require assessment by a qualified paleontologist to determine whether significant paleontological resources occur in the area of a proposed action, and whether the action could affect the paleontological resources.
3 High. Geologic units containing a high occurrence of significant fossils. Fossils must be abundant per locality. Vertebrates or scientifically significant invertebrate or plant fossils are known to occur and have been documented, but may vary in occurrence and predictability.

Mitigation plans must consider the nature of the proposed disturbance, such as removal or penetration of protective surface alluvium or soils, potential for future accelerated erosion, or increased ease of access that could result in looting. Detailed field assessment is normally required and on-site monitoring or spot-checking may be necessary during land disturbing activities. In some cases avoidance of known paleontological resources may be necessary. 4 Very High. Highly fossiliferous geologic units that consistently and predictably produce vertebrate or scientifically significant invertebrate or plant fossils. Vertebrate fossils or scientifically significant invertebrate fossils are known or can reasonably be expected to occur in the impacted area. Paleontological resources are highly susceptible to adverse impacts from surface disturbing activities.

Paleontological mitigation may be necessary before or during surface disturbing activities. The area should be assessed prior to land tenure adjustments. Pre-work surveys are usually needed and on-site monitoring may be necessary during land use activities. Avoidance or resource preservation through controlled access, designation of areas of avoidance, or special management designations should be considered.
5 Unknown. An assignment of “Unknown” may indicate the unit or area is poorly studied and field studies are needed to verify the presence or absence of paleontological resources. The unit may exhibit features or preservational conditions that suggest significant fossils could be present, but little information about the actual unit or area is known.

Literature searches or consultation with professional colleagues may allow an unknown unit to be provisionally assigned to another Class, but the geological unit should be formally assigned to a Class after adequate survey and research is performed to make an informed determination.

U
Water or Ice. Typically used only for areas which have been covered thus preventing an examination of the underlying geology. W, I

Exhibit 7 - Appendix C-2

Riverside City CouncilJuly 14, 2026

Riverside City Council
July 14, 2026