Sacramento City Council
February 27, 2024

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

SFD, tampering with fire alarm systems, false alarms, and interference with fire alarm systems. In addition, this chapter establishes SFD rates and fees for associated services. Chapter 15.36 includes numerous codes relating to the inspection and general enforcement of the City of Sacramento fire code, control of emergency scenes, permits, general provisions for safety, fire department access, equipment, and protection systems, and many standards for fire alarm systems, fire extinguisher systems, commercial cooking operations, combustible materials, heat producing appliances, exit illumination, emergency plans and procedures, and so on.

Chapter 15.36 of the Sacramento City Code adopts the 2010 California Fire Code with such deletions, amendments, and additions thereof as set forth in the chapter. This is also known as the “fire prevention code” of the City.

Chapter 8.38 of the Sacramento City Code establishes a fine for the third false fire alarm occurring on the same property or premises within a 12-month period.

5.3 Parks and Recreation

INTRODUCTION
This section describes Sacramento’s existing parkland, recreational facilities, and recreational services. In addition, this section briefly describes parks and recreation opportunities in areas outside of the city boundaries but within the Policy Area that are maintained by the County of Sacramento. Information for this section is based on the City of Sacramento Parks and Recreation Master Plan 2005-2010 that was adopted in December 2004 and updated in 2009. The current Parks and Recreation Master Plan is in the process of being updated for 2020-2040. Additionally, information from written communication with the City of Sacramento Youth, Parks, and Community Enrichment Department, as well as their 2018-2023 Strategic Plan was used to prepare this section.

EXISTING CONDITIONS
Parklands are important land uses in an urban environment, providing both visual relief from the built environment and contributing to residents’ quality of life through recreation and aesthetic value. As the city grows and the density of housing and commercial uses increase, parkways and open space become even more important because they serve as an escape from the congestion of urban life. Open space is also important in preserving a sense of the city of Sacramento’s own historical development and unique physical characteristics which encompass two major rivers, a creek system, watersheds, and agricultural history (City of Sacramento 2015). There are countless benefits of parkland and open space. Parks promote healthier lifestyles, conserve and protect natural resources, increase cultural and community identity, and encourage economic investment and development.

Moreover, urban parks and green space are central to the development of a city’s urban landscape and livability. For example, parks can be designed as a community gateway to establish an “entrance” into the city, or create distinct neighborhoods such as Tahoe Park, McKinley Park, or Fremont Park (City of Sacramento 2015), or create a destination such as Sutter’s Landing Regional

Park. Parks and recreation facilities and programs within the Policy Area are described in detail below.

City
Parks
The Youth, Parks, and Community Enrichment (YPCE) Department maintains over 4,300 acres of parkland, 218 parks, recreation, parkway and open space sites, 21 lakes, ponds or beaches, over 17 aquatic facilities, and provides park and recreation services at City-owned facilities within the City of Sacramento (see Figure 5-4; City of Sacramento YPCE 2018, City of Sacramento 2015, Mahaffey pers. comm. 2019; Strategic Plan 2018). Several facilities within the city of Sacramento are owned or operated by other jurisdictions, such as the County of Sacramento, the State of California, and Sacramento City Unified School District. The Public Works Department is responsible for maintaining and managing the City’s 94 miles of road shared-use paths and trails (Wyant, J.D. pers. comm. 2019. The City of Sacramento Parks and Recreation Master Plan (PRMP) guides park development in the city. The Parks Department generally categorizes parks according to three distinct park types: (1) neighborhood, (2) community, and (3) regional/citywide (which includes parkways).

Open space may be found in any of the park types, but is most likely to be found in regional or community parks (City of Sacramento 2015).

Neighborhood Parks. Neighborhood Parks are generally less than ten acres in size and are intended to be used primarily by residents within a half-mile radius. Neighborhood parks contribute to a sense of community by providing gathering places for recreation, entertainment, sports, or quiet relaxation.

Some neighborhood parks are located adjacent to elementary schools, and improvements are generally oriented toward the recreation needs of children. In addition to landscaping, improvements might include a tot lot, or unlighted sport fields or tennis courts. Urban Plazas/Pocket Parks generally fall under the category of neighborhood-serving parks and tend to be less than five acres in size. These parks are more appropriate for areas of denser urban and mixed-use development.

Community Parks. Community Parks are generally 6 to 60 acres in size and have a service area of approximately three miles, which encompasses several neighborhoods and meets the requirements of a large portion of the city. In addition to neighborhood park elements, a community park might also have restrooms, on-site parking, a community center, a swimming pool, lighted sports fields or courts, and other specialized facilities not found in a neighborhood park. Some of the smaller community parks may be dedicated to one use, and some elements of the park might be leased to community groups.

Citywide/Regional Parks/Parkways. Citywide/Regional Parks are larger sites developed with a wide range of improvements usually not found in local neighborhood or community facilities to meet the needs of the entire city population. In addition to neighborhood and community park type improvements, regional parks may include a golf course, aquatic centers, marina, amusement area, zoo, nature area, shared-use trails, and other amenities. Some elements in the park may be under lease to community groups. Parkways have limited recreational uses and are primarily used as corridors for pedestrians and bicyclists, linking residential uses to schools, parks, and commercial

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

developments. Parkways are typically linear and narrow, may be situated along an existing corridor such as an abandoned railroad line, roadway, waterway, or other common corridors.

Open Space. Open space areas are natural areas that are set aside primarily to enhance or protect the city’s environmental amenities. Recreational use of these sites is generally limited to enjoyment of the natural features of the sites, such as native plant communities or wildlife habitat. Parkways are similar to open space areas because they also have limited recreational uses and are primarily used as corridors for pedestrians and bicyclists, linking residential uses to schools, parks, and commercial developments. Parkways are typically linear and narrow, may be situated along an existing corridor such as an abandoned railroad line, roadway, waterway, or other common corridors.

When these parks are designed, the local character, history, and preferences of the community are taken into account to reflect a neighborhood’s identity (City of Sacramento 2015). Table 5-11 shows the distribution of City-owned parks, as well as their associated acreages that are found throughout the city’s ten adopted community planning areas. As shown below, the City’s 218 parks comprise approximately 4,330 acres, including the City’s four golf courses (approximately 852 acres).

However, with the inclusion of Camp Sacramento, which is located in El Dorado County (19 acres), the City’s parkland total is approximately 4,349 acres. Figure 5-4 illustrates the location of existing and proposed parks throughout the Policy Area.

Table 5-11: City Parks Inventory by Community Plan Area Location and Number Acreage
Community Plan Area Number of Parks Total

1. Central City 28 335.22

2. Land Park 12 380.61

3. Pocket 19 229.07

4. South Area 36 674.11

5. Fruitridge/Broadway 21 223.48

6. East Sacramento 12 63.36

7. Arden-Arcade 2 629.64

8. North Sacramento 21 939.05

9. South Natomas 23 241.98

10. North Natomas 44 614.18
Total 218 4,330.70

Notes:

1. Parkways may be counted in multiple Community Plan Areas for the number of parks column. The acreage total reflects only the area of such parks that lies within each specific Community Plan Area. The total number of parks counts each park only once. Regional Parks includes golf courses.

2. Does not include County/State parks or school sites.

Source: Mahaffey pers. comm. 2019.

Citywide/Regional Park Acreage. Generally, the Citywide/Regional category consists of Cityowned/controlled regional parks, linear parks/parkways, and open space. However, it should be noted that some portions of these sites/acreages are considered Community/Neighborhood serving due to their locations near existing communities. These portions are counted towards the Community/Neighborhood park service goal and not the Citywide/Regional park service goal.

With a 2018 population of 501,901, the City achieves a service level of approximately 3.1 Citywide/Regional park acres per 1,000 residents. As identified in the City’s PRMP, the Citywide/Regional park service goal is to provide 8.0 acres per 1,000 persons (U.S. Census Bureau 2018, City of Sacramento 2015).

Del Paso Blvd
Ra el y B vl d
Land ParkDr
Grand Ave
Northborough Dr
J St
Sheldon Rd
N 16Th St
K St
Northgate B vl d
39Th St
N St
Sutterville Rd
ArdenWay
Stockton Blvd
Rush River Dr
Cosumnes River Blvd
Q St
Richards Blvd
Marconi Ave
Natomas Cen tral Dr
Riverside Blvd
Brucevil el Rd
Elder Creek Rd Franklin Blvd
Club Center Dr
Auburn Blvd Rio Linda Blvd
Windbridge Dr
Jackson Rd
Valley Hi Dr
24Th St
El Camino Ave
59Th St
Hav enside Dr
La Riviera Dr
Fair Oaks Blvd
X St
American River Dr
Mck inley Blvd
Elvas Ave
21St St
Fulton Ave
Power Inn Rd
Norwood Ave
Eastern Ave
Center Pkwy
Freeport Blvd
Danbro o k Dr
Broadway
19Th St
Watt Ave
65Th St
16Th St
29Th St
12Th St
9Th St 10Th St
30Th St
15Th St
Alhambra Blvd
Gr eenhaven Dr
Florin Rd
H St
Hov nanian Dr
Truxel Rd
Marysville Blvd
Main Ave
EthanWay
W El Camino Ave
CollegeTown Dr
Brookfield Dr
Regency ParkCir
Engle Rd
13Th St
Gloria Dr
47Th Ave
Seamas Ave
CottageWay
Ha rv a rd St
Pocket Rd
Roseville Rd
L St
Westlake Pkwy
Arena Blvd
Edison Ave
Kiefer Blvd
Mission Av e
French Rd
W St
C St
I St
P St
5Th St
3Rd St
Bridgecross Dr
65Th Street Expy
San Juan Rd
Azeved o Dr
Alta Arden Expy
SWatt Ave
Northrop Ave
Howe Ave
Meadowview Rd
Silver Eagle Rd
Exposition Blvd
Del Paso Rd
Elk Grove F ol r ni Rd
Elsie Ave
Fruitridge Rd
N 12Th St
Natomas B vl d
Bell Ave
Calvine Rd
Mack Rd
46Th St
W Elkhorn Blvd
N Market Blvd
Gerber Rd
Florin Perkins Rd
E CommerceWay
Folsom Blvd
HurleyWay
Arden Garden
LoneTree Rd
Power L ni e Rd
El Centro Rd
Hedge Ave
Garden Hwy
Parks
Existing City
Neighborhood
Community
Parkway
Regional
Proposed City (legend)
Proposed City
Neighborhood
Community
Parkway
Regional
Bike Easement
TBD
Existing Other
Existing Other
Open Space
Natural Habitat Area
Non-City Parks
Non-City Parks
Golf Course
TYPE
Golf Course
Sacramento City Limit
Sphere of Influence
Policy Area
Water
Figure 5-4
Existing and Proposed Parks
Source: City of Sacramento, 2020; Dyett and Bhatia, 2020 J:\GISData\563_Sacramento\GIS\Projects\_ECR\Parks.mxd
0 ½ 1 2 Mile
H St
Land Park Dr
N 16Th St J St
K St
N St
Franklin Blvd
Q St
L St
Riverside Blvd
N 12Th St
X St
21St St
13Th St
I Street Brg
Broadway
19Th St
16Th St
29Th St
12Th St
9Th St
10Th St
30Th S
1 t
5Th St
24Th St
P St
W St
C St
I St
5Th St
3Rd St
Richards Blvd
Not to Scale

In addition to parks, Table 5-12 shows the City’s existing shared-use paths. With the existing shared-use paths located throughout the city, the current service level is 0.2 miles per 1,000 residents. The current service level goal is to provide 0.5 linear miles per 1,000 residents according to the City’s PRMP.

Neighborhood/Community Park Acreage. Table 5-13 provides further detail on the information presented in Table 5-11 associated with the City’s neighborhood and community parkland acreages for each Community Planning Area.

Service Level Goals. Policy ERC 2.2.4 in the City of Sacramento 2035 General Plan Policy Document states that the City shall strive to develop and maintain 5 acres of neighborhood and community parks and other recreational facilities/sites per 1,000 population. Policy ERC 2.4.1 in the City’s 2035 General Plan Policy Document states that the City shall provide 0.5 linear mile of parks/parkways and trails/bikeways (shared-use paths) per 1,000 population.

In 2017, the City approved the City of Sacramento Park Development Impact Fee 2016 Nexus Study Update (the “Nexus Study”). The Nexus Study determined that the there is a lack of funding for citywide park facilities (such as linear parks, parkways, open spaces, community centers, pools/aquatic complexes). The Nexus Study also determined that the Central City was lacking in available land in dense urban areas such as the Central City Community Plan Area. The Nexus Study resulted in a fair share burden for new residential subdivisions set at 1.75 acres per 1,000 population within the Central City Community Plan Area, and 3.5 acres per 1,000 population within the remainder of the city, as set forth in City Code Chapter 17.512, the City’s Quimby Ordinance. This reduction lessens the burden on new development by lowering the amount of parkland required on-site, thereby creating additional developable land within new projects that can create increased project value and help absorb the cost of other infrastructure costs. The lower level of service (LOS) standard also results in lower Park Impact Fee rates for the developer of Neighborhood and Community parks.

The 2035 General Plan LOS goal of 5 acres per 1,000 residents to provide Neighborhood and Community parks is met in the remaining city. The LOS standard includes 3.5 acres per 1,000 population for Neighborhood and Community parks and 1.5 acres per 1,000 population for Citywide parks and facilities, for a total of 5.0 acres per 1,000 population.

Table 5-12: Existing Shared-Use Paths (off street)
Type 2019 Existing Miles
Walking/Jogging (in City
parks) 16
Shared-Use Paths
(throughout city) 99
Total Linear Miles 115
Source: Mahaffey pers. comm. 2019.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Table 5-13: Existing Neighborhood/Community Serving Park Acreage Community Planning
Area City Owned/Controlled Acres1, 2 School Acres3 State/County Acres Neighborhood
Serving
Community
Serving
Neighborhood
Serving
Community
Serving
Neighborhood
Serving
Community
Serving
1: Central City 65.94 65.60 13.03 0.00 5.0 0.0
2: Land Park 33.35 60.16 37.5 26.5 0.0 0.0
3: Pocket 77.07 89.68 37.67 21.8 0.0 0.0
4: South Area 143 153 11.06 5.24 0.0 0.0
5: Fruitridge
Broadway 71.51 101.23 61.6 29.4 0.0 0.0
6: East
Sacramento 33.38 19.94 32.5 0.0 5.0 0.0
7: Arden-Arcade 8.4 10.0 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
8: North
Sacramento 70.53 70.76 .52 64.4 5.0 0.0
9: South Natomas 72.60 56.24 41.5 42.5 5.0 0.0
10: North
Natomas 174.91 221.88 16.1 21.0 3.0 0.0
Totals 750.69 848.49 259.08 210.84 23.0 0.0
Total Neighborhood/Community Serving Acres: 2,092.1
Notes:

1. Some neighborhood needs are served by community parks (not double counted); neighborhood and community needs are served by some regionally-serving acres (not double counted).

2. Includes neighborhood- and community-serving portions of City Regional Parks.

3. Portions of school sites that are usable and accessible for public use after school hours (based on City staff survey conducted 2008).

Source: Mahaffey, pers. comm. 2019.

Underserved Areas. Table 5-16 shows the city neighborhoods that are currently underserved by parks facilities according to the Parks and Recreation Master Plan.

Recreational Facilities. Sacramento’s parks contain a variety of recreational facilities, with areas available for active organized sports, including soccer fields, baseball and softball diamonds, tennis courts, volleyball courts, and basketball courts. Benches, picnic tables, and barbecues are available for informal recreational activities. Tot lots and adventure play areas are available to children in many of the play areas in the City’s parks. Biking and walking trails, and swimming pools and splash pad facilities are popular recreational amenities. Additional recreational resources within the city include community centers; bocce courts; equestrian trails; four 18-hole golf courses; and two 9- hole golf courses. Golf courses are managed by the Department of Youth, Parks, and Community Enrichment. Specialized recreation facilities include the Iva Gard Shepherd Garden & Arts Center, the Southside Clubhouse, and the Sacramento Horsemen’s Association.

Table 5-16: Park Type Acres Underserved and Addressing Deficiencies Addressing Deficiencies
Neighborhood/Community Serving Acres
• Older developed areas have limited opportunities except as redevelopment occurs and smaller sites are built-out.
• Maximize joint use opportunities at existing and new school sites, nongovernmental organizations, private facilities. • Maximize opportunities for conjunctive use of detention basins. • Maximize opportunities for joint development with other public facilities. • New acres will accompany new development; planning new community parks can help serve some existing neighborhoods.

Citywide/Regionally Serving Acres
.
• Pursue new opportunities as expected new development occurs and new funding sources are secured. (Central: Railyard, Riverfront; North: Robla, Valley View; South: Meadowview, Valley Hi/North Laguna). • Pursue funding to complete development of existing regional parks (Hansen Ranch, Sutter’s Landing, North Natomas, Granite).

Shared-use trails
94 miles Citywide.

Add additional trails in existing and future Regional Parks.

Pursue funding to build additional (120) miles of off-street bikeways and shared-use trails per City Bicycle Master Plan, as amended.

Source: City of Sacramento Parks and Recreation Master Plan, 2009, Assessment Chapter.

Sacramento Community Centers
Community Centers offer programs for people of all ages. Examples of programs offered include sports, aerobics, tai chi, martial arts, yoga, fitness rooms, and organized walking clubs. The YPCE Department owns and operates 13 community centers and four clubhouses, ranging from a single room to a 35,000 square-foot facility with a gymnasium. Flea markets, family nights, craft fairs, kid’s camps, and holiday and multicultural celebrations are among the many events held throughout the year at these centers. Any resident can reserve a community center for a private event. A list of the community centers is provided in Table 5-17 (DPR 2013a).

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Table 5-17: Community and Neighborhood
Centers
Community Center Location
Belle Cooledge Community
Center 5699 South Land Park Drive
Clunie Community Center 601 Alhambra Boulevard
Coloma Community Center 4623 T Street
East Portal Park Clubhouse M Street &Rodeo Way
Elmo Allen Slider Clubhouse at
Max Baer Park 7815 35th Avenue
Ethel MacLeod Hart
Multipurpose Senior Center 915 27th Street
Evelyn Moore Community
Center 1402 Dickson Street
George Sim Community Center 6207 Logan Street
Joe Mims, Jr. Hagginwood
Community Center at
Hagginwood Park 3271 Marysville Boulevard
Johnston Community Center 231 Eleanor Avenue
Samuel C. Pannell Meadowview
Community Center 2450 Meadowview Road
Shepard Garden and Arts Center 3330 McKinley Boulevard
South Natomas Community
Center 2901 Truxel Road
Southside Clubhouse 2051 6th Street
Oak Park Community Center 3425 Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd Robertson Community Center 3525 Norwood Avenue
Woodlake Clubhouse and Annex 500 Arden Way
Source: Department of Parks and Recreation, City of Sacramento, About Our Recreation Centers,
<http://www.cityofsacramento.org/parksandrecreation/recreation/comcent.htm>, accessed January 25, 2013.

Numerous facilities associated with many types of religious faiths are located throughout the Policy Area and also serve residents.

SERVICES
In addition to planning and developing the City’s parks and recreational facilities, the City of Sacramento’s Youth, Parks, and Community Enrichment (YPCE) Department also provides a range of services and programs.

Recreation, Youth, and Community Services. The City’s YPCE Department offers adult and youth sports classes; special events; after-school, summer, and aquatic programs; community classes and enrichment programs; and coordinates reservations for baseball and softball fields,

picnics, and facilities. YPCE also offers many important services to senior citizens, such as the Ethel MacLeod Hart Multipurpose Senior Center and various citywide recreation programs, including 50+ Wellness and the Triple R Adult Day Care program.

YPCE offers adult sports leagues, tournaments, and clinics at the Sacramento Softball Complex and school gymnasiums. In addition, YPCE provides numerous tennis courts and other athletic fields throughout the park system. YPCE offers various opportunities for recreational swimming, instructional lessons and team competition at 12 City-owned swimming pools, three high schools 17 wading/play pools, and around 10 splash pads. YPCE also operates Camp Sacramento, located in the El Dorado National Forest, which is a family camp and conference center operating from June to October. YPCE provides recreational programs for all ages at 13 community centers and eight clubhouses that also serve as meeting sites for neighborhood and community-based groups and other agencies.

The Youth Division within YPCE is dedicated to young people and includes a wide variety of programs that focus on providing high quality programs with positive youth development outcomes. Programs within the Youth Division include after-school and summer programs at parks and school sites, and intramural and citywide sports leagues. The Youth Division operates the 4th R licensed school aged child-care program at 19 school sites, the START ASES literacybased after-school tutoring and recreational enrichment program at 5 elementary schools, and Summer Oasis recreational outdoor camp at 4 of the city’s most popular parks. The Youth Division provides opportunities for teenagers which includes the Passages after-school program, various youth work-based learning programs, social and sports activities, and the Sacramento Youth Commission. Youth Workforce Development within the Youth Division provides young people with experiences and supports that foster their development as healthy and productive adults.

Young people are supported in this development through five fundamental pathways: safety, healthy relationships, engagement, connecting to community, and relevant skill building. The Youth Workforce Development unit employees 243 young people annually and prepares over 500 additional youth for employment with programs that focus on work-readiness. Examples of Youth Workforce Development programs include Landscape & Learning, Prime Time Teen, Workforce Innovation & Opportunity Act (WIOA), Young Leaders of Tomorrow and the Jr. Rec Aide program. Through WIOA, high school seniors are placed in paid work experiences through a variety of partnerships. These placements are made throughout the Public Safety/Service, hospitality, administrative, human services, retail and private business industries. The City also provides specific programs for people with disabilities, including sports, social activities, camp and other outdoor activities, and an innovative high school based after-school and summer programs.

YPCE also provides for the maintenance of city parks, parkways, water features, and off-street shared-use paths in parks, while in most locations, the Department of Public Works provides for the maintenance of off-street parkways.

PARTNERSHIPS
Local
Sacramento has historically been a leader in the development of City-school partnerships, beginning with the state’s first Joint Use Agreement for utilization of facilities in 1939, and more

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

recently with the recognition of the City by the League of California Cities for Sacramento’s innovative Community-School Partnership program (City of Sacramento 2015). This initiative funded 17 projects to enhance or upgrade facilities at school sites for recreation and community use. Funding for the projects came from the City, participating schools, and the community. The goals for this on-going partnership have been to build or improve public facilities for maximum community use:
• Provide maximum community access to public facilities. • Cooperate in providing programs.
• Leverage use of systems for maximum efficiency (e.g. combined purchasing). • Promote support of positive collaborations between School Districts and YPCE by the community.

Partnerships like this have led to the development of athletic fields, a gymnasium, upgrade of multipurpose rooms, a new swimming pool, and playground apparatus. Programmatically, the YPCE Department has collaborated on after-school programs for high school, elementary school, and middle school students; conducted middle school athletic leagues; and provided crossing guards at elementary school sites. YPCE and the five school districts have historically used various mechanisms to formalize this partnership including:
• “Master” MOU/Joint Use Agreements with the school districts to cooperate in: program promotion and conduct; facility use and scheduling; and, property improvements. Specific long-term operational agreements, including 4th R Child Care Program in City buildings and Sacramento START on school sites. Specific short-term use permits (e.g. room/site use for a portion of a school year). Site- or project-specific agreements to fund construction of or physical improvements at or adjacent to City park or school sites.

In addition to partnerships with the public school districts (K-12), the YPCE Department has developed a variety of partnerships with other community organizations such as the community colleges and State University. These educational institutions have provided interns, conducted class projects, co-sponsored programs on and off campus, and sponsored use of campus facilities for programs offered by the City.

Community Based Organizations (CBOs) continue to be partners in the organization and delivery of programs and services to the community. Some of the CBOs that partner with YPCE include Stanford Settlement, La Familia, Boys & Girls Clubs, Asian Community Center, Meals on Wheels, Sacramento Food Bank, River City Food Bank, and Legal Services of Northern California, Sacramento Employment and Training Agency (SETA). County agencies use community centers to reach out to residents for County services and programs. Shriners Hospital for Children, Disabled Sports USA and the major hospital and medical systems, among others, all provide funding, facilities, or staff to enhance programs and services to the community.

The YPCE Department also partners with the Department of Utilities to develop joint-use park and detention or water quality basins and collaborates with local flood control agencies to build trails on levee tops and in parkways.

Regional
On a regional scale, the YPCE Department teams with other cities, counties, agencies, non-profits, and the private sector on projects such as: Ueda Parkway, the lower Dry Creek Parkway, Sand Cove Park, Sutter’s Landing Regional Park, Two Rivers Trail, Arcade Creek Watershed, and the Sacramento River Parkway. The YPCE Department participated with approximately 20 agencies in the update of the American River Parkway Plan, which was completed after many years in 2008.

Other Areas
The Sacramento County Parks Department provides park and recreation facilities for the areas outside the city, and is responsible for the acquisition, protection, interpretation and enhancement of park, recreation, historic, and open space resources. Sacramento County's Department of Regional Parks, Recreation and Open Space was established in 1959 with the acquisition of land presently known as the American River Parkway. Since that time, the County has expanded its total park acreage to over 15,000, which includes the American River Parkway, Dry Creek Parkway, Mather Regional Park, Elk Grove Regional Park, the Effie Yeaw Nature Center, and other historic and natural sites. In addition to traditional regional park activities, the Department also oversees a self-supporting golf program that includes four regional golf facilities.

REGULATORY CONTEXT
Federal
There are no Federal regulations related to parks and recreation.

State
State Public Park Preservation Act (California Public Resource Code Section 5400 – 5409).

The State Public Park Preservation Act is the primary instrument for protecting and preserving parkland in California. Under the Act, cities and counties may not acquire any real property that is in use as a public park for any non-park use unless compensation or land, or both, are provided to replace the parkland acquired. This ensures a no net loss of parkland and facilities.

State Street and Highway Code.

The State Street and Highway Code includes provisions for equestrian and hiking trails within the right-of-way of county roads, streets, and highways.

Quimby Act
California Government Code Section 66477, Subdivision Map Act, referred to as the Quimby Act, permits local jurisdictions to require the dedication of land and/or the payment of in-lieu fees solely for park and recreation purposes. The required dedication and/or fee are based upon the residential

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

density, parkland cost, and other factors. Land dedication and fees collected pursuant to the Quimby Act may be used for acquisition, improvement, and expansion of park, playground, and recreational facilities or the development of public school grounds.

Government Code 65560
Government Code section 65560 defines open space as:
• "Open space land" is any parcel or area of land or water which is essentially unimproved and devoted to an open space use as defined in this section, and which is designated on a local, regional or state open space plan as any of the following:
• Open space for the preservation of natural resources including, but not limited to, areas required for the preservation of plant and animal life, including habitat for fish and wildlife species; areas required for ecologic and other scientific study purposes; rivers, streams, bays and estuaries; and coastal beaches, lake shores, banks of rivers and streams, and watershed lands.
• Open space used for the managed production of resources, including but not limited to, forest lands, rangeland, agricultural lands and areas of economic importance for the production of food or fiber; areas required for recharge of ground water basins; bays, estuaries, marshes, rivers and streams which are important for the management of commercial fisheries; and areas containing major mineral deposits, including those in short supply.
• Open space for outdoor recreation, including but not limited to, areas of outstanding scenic, historic and cultural value; areas particularly suited for park and recreation purposes, including access to lake shores, beaches, and rivers and streams; and areas which serve as links between major recreation and open space reservations, including utility easements, banks of rivers and streams, trails, and scenic highway corridors. • Open space for public health and safety, including, but not limited to, areas which require special management or regulation because of hazardous or special conditions such as earthquake fault zones, unstable soil areas, flood plains, watersheds, areas presenting high risks, areas required for the protection of water quality and water reservoirs and areas required for the protection and enhancement of air quality.

Local
Sacramento City Code, Chapter 2.62, Parks and Community Enrichment Commission This City Code establishes the Parks and Community Enrichment Commission and outlines its powers and duties as follows:

• To provide recommendations and advice to the City Council and the Department of Youth, Parks, and Community Enrichment on policies, projects, and other matters pertaining to parks, recreation, trees, and human services affecting the city of Sacramento referred to the commission by the City Council, the Director of Youth, Parks, and Community Enrichment, the community, or members of the commission. • To review and provide recommendations on the development and implementation of the Parks and Recreation Master Plan as an element of the City’s general plan. To conduct public hearings and review complaints and other matters pertaining to parks and recreation issues, as requested by the Director of Youth, Parks, and Community Enrichment or the City Council.
• To conduct an annual workshop to review the Department’s annual operating budget and capital improvement plan.
• To encourage individuals, business, and citizens groups to contribute funds, property and/or volunteer services for the development and operation of parks and recreation facilities.

Sacramento City Code, pursuant to Section 2.62.060, Sacramento Youth Commission This City Code establishes the Sacramento Youth Commission and outlines it powers and duties as follows:
• To provide recommendations and advise to the City Council, the Youth Development Policy Manager, and the Department of Youth, Parks, & Community Enrichment on policies, projects, programs, and other matters pertaining to youth referred to the Commission by the City Council, the Youth Development Policy Manager, the Director of Youth, Parks, & Community Enrichment, the community, or members of the Commission. • To assist the Youth, Parks, & Community Enrichment Department in promoting city services and functions relating to youth
• To assist youth in understanding the workings of city government and to encourage youth to actively participate in community affairs and city programs. • To conduct an annual workshop to review the city’s annual operating budget and capital improvement plan relating to youth projects and programs. • To conduct studies and investigations and coordinate with other youth groups and organizations regarding youth issues and needs.
• To review complaint and other matters pertaining to youth issues as requested by the Youth Development Policy Manager, the Director, or the City Council.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Sacramento City Code, Chapter 12.72, Parks, Park Buildings and Recreational Facilities This City Code includes regulations associated with building and park use, fund raising, permit procedures, and various miscellaneous provisions related to parks. Park use regulations include a list of activities that require permits for organized activities that include groups of 50 or more people for longer than 30 minutes; amplified sound; commercial and business activities; and fundraising activities. This code also includes a list of prohibited uses within parks such as unleashed pets; firearms of any type; and riding bicycles, drinking alcoholic beverages, or smoking with children’s playground areas. Activities such as golfing, swimming, and horseback riding are only permitted within the appropriate designated areas.

Sacramento City Code, Chapter 17.512, Parks and Recreation Facilities Chapter 17.512 of the City Code provides standards and formulas for the dedication of parkland and in-lieu fees. These policies help the City to acquire new parkland. This chapter sets forth the standard that five acres of property for each 1,000 persons residing within the city (1.75 acres per 1,000 population within the Central City Community Plan Area and 3.5 acres per 1,000 population within the remainder of the city) be devoted to local recreation and park purposes. The amount of land to be provided shall be determined pursuant to the appropriate standards and formula contained within the chapter. Under the appropriate circumstances, the subdivider shall, in lieu of dedication of land, pay a fee equal to the value of the land prescribed for dedication to be used for recreational and park facilities which will serve the residents of the area being subdivided.

Sacramento City Code, Chapter 18.56, Park Development Impact Fee Chapter 18.56 of the City Code imposes a park development fee on residential and non-residential development within the city. Fees collected pursuant to Chapter 18.56 are primarily used to finance the construction of neighborhood- and community-serving park facilities.

City of Sacramento Parks and Recreation Master Plan, Policy Chapter (2009) The Parks and Recreation Master Plan was first adopted in December 2004 and last updated in 2009. The policy chapter includes a list of policies indicating a commitment to a particular course of action that implements organizational goals and values. The following policies relate to park acreage service levels and size:

12.1 Achieve Park Acreage Service Level Goals to provide public recreational opportunities within a reasonable distance of all residences and workplaces as follows:
a) 5.0 acres per 1,000 population consisting of two park categories:

1. Neighborhood Serving: 2.5 acres per 1,000 population with a service area guideline of ½ mile.

2. Community Serving: 2.5 acres per 1,000 population with a service area guideline of three miles, portions of which may also serve neighborhood needs. b) Citywide/Regionally Serving: 8.0 acres per 1,000 population, portions of which may also serve either neighborhood or community needs.
c) Linear Parks/Parkways and Trails/Bikeways: 0.5 linear miles/1,000 population of trails/bikeways implemented per adopted City Bikeway and Pedestrian Master Plans.

12.2 Recognize that the parks and recreation facilities of other public jurisdictions within and in proximity to the city which help to fulfill the park and recreation needs of the city residents.

12.3 Accept park land dedications or acquire neighborhood park sites less than 5.0 acres in size that meet specialized neighborhood needs, at the sole discretion of the City. (See also Small Public Places Section, 12.52-56.)

12.4 Engage school districts to establish a plan for surplus school site reuse that consider opportunities to provide parks and other community facilities.

Parks and Community Enrichment Commission
The Parks and Community Enrichment Commission provides recommendations and advice to the City Council and the YPCE Department on policies, projects, and other matters pertaining to parks, recreation, and human services affecting the city of Sacramento.

5.4 Civic and Government Facilities

INTRODUCTION
This section presents an overview of the civic facilities and resources available in the city of Sacramento. Public recreational facilities such as parks are discussed separately in Section 5.3 and library facilities are discussed in Section 5.5 of this document. Information for this section is based on communication with City staff and various websites associated with cultural amenities within Sacramento.

EXISTING CONDITIONS
The Sacramento area offers a variety of civic amenities for all sectors of the population. Civic amenities include community facilities that can be found within the city, as well as social and cultural amenities that include theatres, auditoriums, museums, and recreational facilities. There are also numerous community-based organizations and clubs providing cultural opportunities.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Civic Facilities
Figure 5-5 illustrates the location of the various civic community facilities in the Policy Area. Police and fire facilities are discussed in Sections 5.1 and 5.2 and library facilities are discussed in Section 5.5.

Community Facilities
The Sacramento Department of Convention and Cultural Services provides cultural, artistic, and leisure opportunities to enrich the quality of life in the metropolitan region. The Department publicizes the following programs and facilities in the area. The locations of these facilities are shown in Figure 5-6:
• Capital City Golf: Capital City Golf offers golf facilities at four regional locations (CCLD 2013b) (managed by Youth, Parks, and Community Enrichment (YPCE) Department). • Center for Sacramento History: the Center for Sacramento History is the official repository and research center for City and County historic collections.” Its materials are made available to the public by appointment (CCLD 2013c).
• Crocker Art Museum (described below).
• Discovery Museum Science & Space Center (described below). • Fairytale Town (described below).
• Historic Sacramento City Cemetery (described below).
• Old Sacramento (described below).
• Sacramento Convention Center Complex (described below). • Sacramento History Museum (described below).
• Sacramento Marina: the Sacramento Marina provides boat docking opportunities on the Sacramento River. The marina is a part of a 57-acre riverfront park with picnic facilities and restrooms (CCLD 2013e) (managed by Parking Services, part of Public Works). • Sacramento Arts, Culture, and Creative Economy Commission (described below). • Sacramento Zoo: the Sacramento Zoo is home to over 140 native, exotic, and endangered species. Open since 1927, the Sacramento Zoo is one of over 200 accredited institutions of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (CCLD 2013f).

Watt/I-80
Watt/I-80 West
Roseville Road
Marconi/Arcade
Royal
Oaks
Arden/Del Paso
Globe Avenue
16th Street
23rd
Street 29th
Street
39th
Street
48th
Street 59th
Street
University/
65th Street
Power Inn
College
Greens
Watt/Manlove
Starfire
Tiber
Butterfield
Broadway (& 19th)
4th Ave./
Wayne Hultgren
City College
Fruitridge
47th Avenue
Florin
Meadowview
Swanston
Airport
Station
Club Center Dr/
N. Village Center
North Natomas
Town Center
East Town Center
Arco Arena
Arena
Blvd.

Gateway Park/
Market Place
San Juan Rd.

Pebblestone Way
W. El Camino Ave.

Richards
Blvd.

Franklin
Blvd.

Cosumnes River
Center Parkway
Morrison Creek
Railyards
Twin
Rivers
Del Paso Blvd
Raley Blvd
Land Park Dr
Grand Ave
Northborough Dr
J St
Sheldon Rd
N 16Th St
K St
Northgate B vl d
39Th St
43Rd Ave
N St
Sutterville Rd
Arden Way
Stockton Blvd
Rush River Dr
Cosumnes River Blvd
Q St
Richards Blvd
Marconi Ave
Natomas Cen tral Dr
Riverside Blvd
Brucevil el Rd
Elder Creek Rd Franklin Blvd
Club Center Dr
Auburn Blvd
Rio Linda Blvd
Windbridge Dr
Jackson Rd
Valley Hi Dr
24Th St
El Camino Ave
59Th St
Ha ve nside Dr
La Riviera Dr
Fair Oaks Blvd
X St
American River Dr
Mcki nley Blvd
Elvas Ave
21St St
Fulton Ave
Power Inn Rd
Norwood Ave
Eastern Ave
Grove Ave
I Street Brg
Center Pkwy
Freeport Blvd
Danbrook D r
Broadway
19Th St
45Th St
Watt Ave
65Th St
16Th St
29Th St
12Th St
9Th St
10Th St
30Th St
15Th St
Alhambra Blvd
Gr eenhaven Dr
Florin Rd
H St
Hov nanian Dr
Truxel Rd
Marysville Blvd
Main Ave
Ethan Way
W El Camino Ave
CollegeTown Dr
Brookfield Dr
Regency ParkCir
Engle Rd
13Th St
Gloria Dr
47Th Ave
Seamas Ave
Cottage Way
Ha rv a rd St
Pocket Rd
Roseville Rd
Walnut Ave
E Stockton Blvd
L St
Tower Brg
Westlake Pkwy
Capitol Mall
Arena Blvd
Edison Ave
Kiefer Blvd
Mission Av e
French Rd
W St
Television Cir
C St
I St
P St
5Th St
3Rd St
Bridgecross Dr
65Th Street Expy
San Juan Rd
Azeved o Dr
Alta Arden Expy
S Watt Ave
Northrop Ave
Howe Ave
Meadowview Rd
Silver Eagle Rd
Exposition Blvd
Del Paso Rd
Curtis Dr
Elk Grove Florin Rd
Elsie Ave
Fruitridge Rd
Munroe St
N Bend Dr
N 12Th St
Gateway Park Blvd
Natomas Blvd
Bell Ave
Calvine Rd
Mack Rd
46Th St
W Elkhorn Blvd
N Market Blvd
Elkhorn Blvd
Gerber Rd
S Land Park Dr 14Th St
F ol r ni Perk ni s Rd
American River
E CommerceWay
Folsom Blvd
Big Horn Blvd
Levee Rd
Hurley Way
35Th Ave
Arden Garden
N Park Dr
E Levee Rd
Laguna Blvd
Lone Tree Rd
Metro Air Pkwy
Power Line Rd
El Centro Rd
Hedge Ave
Garden Hwy
American River Parkway
Capitol Park
Convention Center Complex
Community Center
Golf Courses
Historic City Cemetery
Library
Marina
Museum
Old Sacramento Historic District
Parking Garage/Lot
Powerhouse Science Center
Regional Park
Sutters's Fort &
State Indian Museum
Sacramento City Limit
Policy Area
Sphere of Influence
Water
Light Rail
Station
Blue Line
Blue/Gold Line
Gold Line
Green Line
Proposed Green
Line Extension
Figure 5-5
Civic Community Facilities
Source: 2035 TBR GIS Data; City of Sacramento, 2019; Dyett and Bhatia, 2020 J:\GISData\563_Sacramento\GIS\Projects\_ECR\CivicCommunityFacilities.mxd 0 ½ 1 2 Mile
Alkali Flat/
La Valentina
12th & I
Cathedral
Square
St. Rose of
Lima Park
- 9th & K St. Rose of Lima Park
- 7th & K
7th & Capitol
8th & Capitol
Archives Plaza
(Eastbound)
Archives Plaza
(Northbound) 8th & O
(Eastbound)
8th & O
(Northbound)
13th Street
16th Street
Sacramento
Valley
7th & I St/
County Center
8th & K St
Cathedral
Square
8th & H St/
County Center
J ST
3RD ST
10TH ST
9TH ST
5TH ST
N ST
L ST
Powerhouse
Science
Center (Future)
Sacramento Convention
Center Complex
Crocker
Art Museum
Center for
Sacramento
History
Sacramento Historic
City Cemetery
Sacramento
Zoo
Powerhouse
Science Center
(Existing)
Old Sacramento
Historic District
Fairytale
Town
Sacramento
History Museum
Del Paso Blvd
Raley Blvd
Land Park Dr
Grand Ave
Northborough Dr
J St
Sheldon Rd
N 16Th St
K St
Northgate B vl d
39Th St
N St
Sutterville Rd
Arden Way
Stockton Blvd
Rush River Dr
Cosumnes River Blvd
Q St
Richards Blvd
Marconi Ave
Natomas Cen tral Dr
Riverside Blvd
Bruceville Rd Elder Creek Rd Franklin Blvd
Club Center Dr
Auburn Blvd
Rio Linda Blvd
Windbridge Dr
Jackson Rd
Valley Hi Dr
2 4Th St
El Camino Ave
59Th St
Hav enside Dr
La Riviera Dr
Fair Oaks Blvd
X St
American River Dr
Mcki nley Blvd
Elvas Ave
21St St
Fulton Ave
Power Inn Rd
Norwood Ave
Eastern Ave
Center Pkwy
Freeport Blvd
Danbrook D r
Broadway
19Th St
Watt Ave
65Th St
16Th St
29Th St
12Th St
9Th St
10Th St
30Th St
15Th St
Alhambra Blvd
Gr eenhaven Dr
Florin Rd
H St
Hov nanian Dr
Truxel Rd
Marysville Blvd
Main Ave
Ethan Way
W El Camino Ave
CollegeTown Dr
Brookfield Dr
Regency ParkCir
Engle Rd
13Th St
Gloria Dr
47Th Ave
Seamas Ave
Cottage Way
Ha rv a rd St
Pocket Rd
Roseville Rd
L St
Westlake Pkwy
Arena Blvd
Edison Ave
Kiefer Blvd
Mission Av e
French Rd
W St
C St
I St
P St
5Th St
3Rd St
Bridgecross Dr
65Th Street Expy
San Juan Rd
Azeved o Dr
Alta Arden Expy
SWatt Ave
Northrop Ave
Howe Ave
Meadowview Rd
Silver Eagle Rd
Exposition Blvd
Del Paso Rd
Elk Grove Florin Rd
Elsie Ave
Fruitridge Rd
N 12Th St
Natomas Blvd
Bell Ave
Calvine Rd
Mack Rd
46Th St
W Elkhorn Blvd
N Market Blvd
Gerber Rd
Florin Perkins Rd
E CommerceWay Folsom Blvd
Hurley Way
Lone Tree Rd
Power Line Rd
El Centro Rd
Hedge Ave
Garden Hwy
Highlighted Community Facilities Light Rail
Station
Blue Line
Blue/Gold Line
Gold Line
Green Line
Proposed Green Line Extension
Sacramento City Limit
Policy Area
Sphere of Influence
Water
Figure 5-6
Sacramento Department of
Convention and Cultural Services
Source: Convention and Cultural Services, 2020; City of Sacramento, 2019; Dyett and Bhatia, 2020 J:\GISData\563_Sacramento\GIS\Projects\_ECR\ConventionCultureLiesureFacilities.mxd 0 ½ 1 2 Mile

Sacramento Convention Center Complex
The Sacramento Convention Center Complex provides venues for a variety of public and private events. Its facilities can be rented and, historically, included 134,000 square feet of contiguous exhibit space, 31 meeting rooms, a 24,000 square-foot ballroom, and two separate 10,000 square-foot registration areas. The complex also includes the 4,000-seat Memorial Auditorium and the 2,452-seat Community Center Theater (CCLD 2013d). The complex is currently undergoing renovations and expansions under the C3 Project, which are slated to be complete by December 2020.

Cultural Facilities
Performing and Visual Arts Facilities
Sacramento is home to a variety of venues for performing and visual arts, including the Memorial Auditorium, the Wells Fargo Pavilion, the Community Center Theater, the B Street Theatre, Broadway Playhouse, the California Stage, the City Theatre at Sacramento City College, the Cosumnes River College Theatre, and the Delta King Theatre. Additionally, the Golden 1 Arena is a popular venue for large-scale concerts.

Sacramento facilities offer a range of performances, from Broadway-touring shows to amateur actors and screenwriters. Wells Fargo Pavilion’s annual Broadway Series brings Broadway shows to the region, while the Music Circus consists of local artists, musicians, and actors. The B Street Theatre is Sacramento’s Professional New Works Theatre Company, which is dedicated to developing and performing new plays for the region; B Street also presents Fantasy Theatre, a professional group providing children’s entertainment, and Children’s Theatre, giving youth an opportunity to participate in the arts. The California Stage theatre company is a non-profit group that supports the development of arts in the region.

Museums
Sacramento offers a variety of museums for residents and described below (SAM 2013):
• California Automobile Museum: The California Automobile Museum illustrates the story of the development of the automobile and its inventors. Over 150 vehicles are available for viewing (2200 Front Street).
• The California Museum: The California Museum provides education on California’s past, present and future with media presentations, educational displays, and hands-on activities (1020 O Street).
• California State Capitol Museum: The State Capitol is a working museum that has served as home to the legislative branch of State government and the Governor’s Office since 1869.

Guided tours, informative films, recreated historic rooms, and changing exhibits provide opportunities to explore the past, present, and future of California’s government (Capitol Building, 10th and L Streets).

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

• California State Indian Museum: The California State Indian Museum offers self-guided tours which provide an opportunity to learn about California Indian culture from the traditions of the ancestors to contemporary Native artists. Special events include Ishi Day, Acorn Day, the Gathering of Honored Elders, and an exhibit showcasing the effects of the Gold Rush on Native Californians (2618 K Street).
• California State Military Museum: Exhibits at the California Military Museum reflect California’s rich militia and US military history from pre-statehood to contemporary times.

The museum contains military items and personal memorabilia; veterans tell war stories and lead guided tours every day at California’s official military museum (1119 2nd Street). • California State Railroad Museum: Exhibits at the railroad museum showcase how railroads have shaped our lives, economy, and culture. Steam train rides are available on weekends in April through September. Facilities include a museum store and restaurant (2nd and I Streets).
• The Center for Contemporary Art, Sacramento: The Center for Contemporary Art, Sacramento, founded in 1989, is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement and appreciation of new and experimental art by international, national, and regional artists. In addition to the five to seven annual exhibitions and associated lectures, CCAS also hosts several events including, Private Collections in the spring and the Capitol Artists' Studio Tour in September (1519 19th St).
• Crocker Museum: The Crocker Art Museum’s collection includes works from Europe, North America, and Asia from the tenth century to contemporary periods. The Crocker, established in 1885, is one of the primary resources for the study and appreciation of the fine arts in the Sacramento region; the museum offers a regular schedule of touring exhibitions, educational programming, public tours, concerts, and a store (216 O Street). • Discovery Museum Science & Space Center: The Discovery Museum Science & Space Center features programs crafts, and special exhibits highlighting a different science milestone of the past 60 years. The Museum advertises live animal and planetarium shows each week (3615 Auburn Boulevard).
• The Don & June Salvatori California Pharmacy Museum. Inspired by California’s unique and rich history of pharmacy, the Don & June Salvatori California Pharmacy Museum celebrates the role of the pharmacist in promoting the health and well-being of Californians since the state’s inception in 1850 (4030 Lennane Drive). • Fairytale Town: Fairytale Town features giant play sets like Jack and the Beanstalk, the Crooked Mile, and real farm animals that make their home in the park’s two acres of gardens (3901 Land Park Drive).
• Governor’s Mansion State Historic Park: The Victorian mansion, which was home to 13 State Governor’s from 1903 to 1967, is open for tours (1526 H Street).

• Leland Stanford Mansion State Historic Park: The home of the former governor, senator, and railroad baron is over one hundred years old. The home was recently (2012) renovated to recapture the Mansion’s Victorian grandeur (802 N Street). • Museum of Medical History: Displays showing the evolution of medicine from the Gold Rush to present day can be found at this museum of the Sierra Sacramento Valley Medical Society. Exhibits include patent medicines and pharmacology, antibiotics and infectious diseases, Asian medicine, nursing, radiology, and local medical history. The onsite library contains early medical textbooks and journals (5380 Elvas Avenue). • Old Sacramento Schoolhouse Museum: The Old Sacramento Schoolhouse Museum displays California’s early days of education in a living replica of an 1800s one-room school house. The museum features photographs, books, a pot-bellied stove, desks, and other antique items from the Gold Rush Era (1200 Front Street). • Old Sacramento State Historic Park: A group of noteworthy early Gold Rush commercial structures including the 1849 Eagle Theatre; the 1853 B.F. Hastings Building, once home to the California Supreme Court and western terminus of the Pony Express; and the 1855 Big Four Building, which today houses the Huntington & Hopkins Hardware Store and the California State Railroad Museum Library (2nd and I Streets). • Sacramento Historic City Cemetery: Established in 1849 during the Gold Rush, many pioneers are buried in the cemetery, including John A. Sutter, Jr., Edwin Bryant and Margaret Crocker, and Mark Hopkins (1000 Broadway). The Historic City Cemetery is also considered a public regional park and is managed by YPCE. • Sacramento History Museum: Formerly the Discover Museum History Center, the Sacramento History Museum is a celebration of all aspects of life in Sacramento over the past 200 years. The museum tells the stories of the city founders, rivers, the Gold Rush, agriculture, the media, industry, culture, and more (101 I Street). • Sutter’s Fort State Historic Park: The State Park is located at the site of Sacramento’s earliest settlement by John Sutter in 1839 (2701 L Street). • Wells Fargo History Museum: The Wells Fargo History Museum displays historic artifacts including gold scales, a treasure box, a working telegraph, and a Concord Coach scale model. Exhibits on Wells Fargo’s role in banking, stagecoach travel, the Pony Express, and Sacramento’s development are also on display (1000 2nd Street).

Cultural Arts Organizations
The Sacramento Arts, Culture and Creative Economy Commission serves at the direction of the City and County of Sacramento. The Commission supports, promotes, and advances arts for residents of the city and county through marketing, outreach, and education initiatives. It also provides resources to support and increase regional arts education activities. The agency is guided by 11 Commissioners, five appointed by the Sacramento County Board of Supervisors, five

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

appointed by the Sacramento City Council, and one appointed jointly by the mayors of Folsom, Isleton, and Galt. The Arts Commission meets on the second Monday of every month (SMAC 2013).

REGULATORY CONTEXT
There are no Federal, State, or local policies that are directly applicable to civic and community amenities within the Policy Area.

5.5 Libraries

INTRODUCTION
This section summarizes the library services provided in the Policy Area, lists existing facilities, and discusses the need and plans for expansions. Information in this section comes from the California State Library website, the Sacramento Public Library website, and the Sacramento Public Library Facility Master Plan 2007-2025.

EXISTING CONDITIONS
Service Providers
The Sacramento Public Library (SPL) is a joint powers agency between the cities of Sacramento, Citrus Heights, Elk Grove, Galt, Isleton, Rancho Cordova, and the County of Sacramento (City of Sacramento 2015). SPL serves residents of each of these cities and county.

SPL operates a total of 28 branches, including 12 branches within the Policy Area and 16 branches outside the Policy Area, and a bookmobile (SPL 2018a). Residents of Sacramento County have access to all library branches both inside and outside the Policy Area. Figure 5-7 shows the current locations of libraries located in the Policy Area. The location and number of items in each library collection for libraries within the Policy Area are provided in Table 5-18.

The main branch of SPL, also known as the Central Library, is located in downtown Sacramento at 8th and I street (SPL 2018a). The Central Library was founded by community leaders in 1857. It now contains nearly 300,000 volumes and more than 1,000 periodical subscriptions (SPL 2018a).

Many special collections are housed at the Central Library, including business, government documents, genealogy, and literature. The Sacramento Room at the Central Library includes special collections on California and Sacramento history, local authors, and the history of the Central Library. The Central Library has many unique resources, including online and CD based resources, internet stations, and the Schwab-Rosenhouse College Resource Center, which provides free consultations with professional college and career counselors and access to a variety of college preparatory resources. The Tsakopoulos Library Galleria provides a 5,400 square foot space available for a variety of events, including weddings, meetings, seminars, parties, receptions, fund raisers, and trade shows (SPL 2018a). The Galleria also includes two smaller meeting rooms.

Watt/I-80
Watt/I-80 West
Roseville Road
Marconi/Arcade
Royal
Oaks
Arden/Del Paso
Globe Avenue
16th Street
23rd
Street 29th
Street
39th
Street
48th
Street 59th
Street
University/
65th Street
Power Inn
College
Greens
Watt/Manlove
Starfire
Tiber
Butterfield
Broadway (& 19th)
4th Ave./
Wayne Hultgren
City College
Fruitridge
47th Avenue
Florin
Meadowview
Swanston
Airport
Station
Club Center Dr/
N. Village Center
North Natomas
Town Center
East Town Center
Arco Arena
Arena
Blvd.

Gateway Park/
Market Place
San Juan Rd.

Pebblestone Way
W. El Camino Ave.

Richards
Blvd.

Franklin
Blvd.

Cosumnes River
Center Parkway
Morrison Creek
Railyards
Twin
Rivers
Sacramento County Libraries
Sacramento City Limit
Sphere of Influence
Policy Area
Water
Light Rail
Station
Blue Line
Blue/Gold Line
Gold Line
Green Line
Proposed Green Line Extension
Source: City of Sacramento Community Development Department, 2018/2019 Z:\Projects\j1149901\MAPDOC\TBR\Section 5 Public Services\Figure5-7_Libraries.mxd 0 0.5 1 2 Mile
Alkali Flat/
La Valentina
12th & I
Cathedral
Square
St. Rose of Lima
St. Rose of Lima Park Park - 9th & K
- 7th & K
7th & Capitol
8th & Capitol
Archives Plaza
(Eastbound)
Archives Plaza
(Northbound) 8th & O
(Eastbound)
8th & O
(Northbound)
13th Street
16th Street
Sacramento
Valley
7th & I St/
County Center
8th & K St
Cathedral
Square
8th & H St/
County Center
J ST
3RD ST
10TH ST
9TH ST
5TH ST
N ST
L ST
Figure 5-7
Libraries

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Table 5-18: Policy Area Public Library Locations and Collections Branch Location Collection
Central Library 828 I Street 288,000 volumes
Colonial Heights Library 4799 Stockton Boulevard 56,000 volumes Belle Cooledge Library 5600 South Land Park Drive 64,000 volumes Del Paso Heights Library 920 Grande Avenue 30,000 volumes Martin Luther King Jr. Library 7340 24th Street Bypass 68,000 volumes Ella K. McClatchy Library 2112 22nd Street 18,000 volumes McKinley Library 601 Alhambra Boulevard 43,000 volumes
North Natomas Library 4660 Via Ingoglia 82,000 volumes
North Sacramento/ Hagginwood
Library 2109 Del Paso Boulevard 42,000 volumes
Pocket-Greenhaven Library Gloria Drive and Swale River Way 52,000 volumes South Natomas Library 2901 Truxel Road 68,000 volumes
Valley Hi-North Laguna Library 7400 Imagination Parkway 67,000 volumes Source: Sacramento Public Library, <www.saclibrary.org>, accessed January 2019; City of Sacramento 2015.

Libraries operated by other entities are also located in the city. One such facility is the California State Library in Sacramento, which is operated by the State. The State Library operates out of two locations in the Policy Area, the Stanley Mosk Library and Courts Building at 9th and Capitol Streets, and the Library and Courts II Building at 9th and N Streets, both in downtown Sacramento (CSL 2018a). The State Library provides reference services, on-site use or loan of collections, California history information, genealogy resources, braille and recorded books, a directory of libraries, and internet access. The State Library’s circulating materials are also loaned out to the public through local libraries. The State Library also provides services to the State government, local governments, and local libraries (City of Sacramento 2015).

Services and Collections
SPL offers a variety of services and programs, including telephone services, borrower’s help desk, services for the blind, a bookmobile, adult literacy, Book Club In a Box, multicultural services, homework centers, college and career centers, and deaf services (SPL 2018a). Many of the library branches also host events throughout the year serving toddlers, pre-school aged children, teens, adults, and families. Programs on subjects like art, books, and culture are also offered at some of the libraries. College workshops and college entrance exams are also held at some of these library facilities.

Projected Needs
Eight new libraries are planned for the county of Sacramento by 2025, including three Vineyard locations in the Southgate area, two joint locations in Natomas, one location in North Highlands, and one additional location serving Carmichael and Arden Arcade. SPL has planned for additional facilities in Citrus Heights (one), Rancho Cordova (three), Elk Grove (three), and Galt (one).

Residents in the Policy Area could use any of these new facilities. In addition, SPL expects to

expand, renovate, or relocate many of the existing libraries in the city and county by 2025.Currently (2019), the SPL maintains approximately 0.57 square feet of library space per capita overall, and

1.75 library volumes per capita overall within the Policy Area (SPL 2019).

As shown in Table 5-19, the 2007-2025 Facility Master Plan establishes thresholds, targets, and prime goals for library standards as a means of evaluating services for each branch and overall SPL service (City of Sacramento 2015). The threshold for square feet per capita is 0.40, the target goal is

0.50, and the prime goal is 0.60. The threshold for library volumes per capita is 1.75, the target goal is 2.15, and the prime goal is 2.75. In 2019, the total square feet per capita ratio exceeded the threshold standard and the target goal. The volumes per capita ratio met the threshold standard.

These ratios varied for each branch, and many branches did not meet the threshold standards.

However, it is important to note that “adequate” square footage varies for each branch depending on the services it offers. As an example, a library in an underserved area may need more space for a homework center, as compared to standard circulation and reference services(City of Sacramento 2015). While the threshold is the minimum standard for evaluating branch service, each branch may select the target or prime evaluation standard based on their individual goals.

Planned Improvements
SPL is planning major improvements throughout the system to expand and renovate existing branches and construct new library branches through 2025. The Sacramento Public Library Facility Master Plan 2007-2025 outlines SPL’s current deficiencies and projected needs through 2025 (City of Sacramento 2015). As noted in the Plan, SPL constructed two new libraries in 2010– North Natomas and Pocket-Greenhaven – and relocated the Valley Hi-North Laguna branch within the city of Sacramento in 2009. Several projects planned for 2005 through 2015 included the renovation of the Central Library, the relocation of the North Sacramento Hagginwood Library, the renovation of the McClatchy and McKinley libraries, and the construction of the new 65th and Folsom Library.

Renovations of the Central Library have begun, including a multiyear refresh of the library’s carpet and flooring. Renovation of the McClatchy Library was completed in 2014, and renovation of the McKinley Library is still pending for completion by 2025. The North Sacramento Hagginwood Library is still awaiting relocation (SPL 2016). Projects planned between 2015 and 2025, include the expansion of the Colonial Heights, Belle Cooledge, Martin Luther King, Jr., and South Natomas libraries as well as the relocation of the Del Paso Heights Library (City of Sacramento 2015).

As shown in Table 5-20, with a service area population of 459,525 in 2005, the library maintained a service ratio of 0.56 square feet of library space per capita (City of Sacramento 2015). SPL has since increased capacity, and currently has 287,717square feet (s.f.) of library space within the city of Sacramento. According to the California State Library, SPL had 0.67 square feet of library space per borrower, and 2.8 volumes per borrower. By 2025 the service ratio is expected to increase to

0.89 s.f. of library space per capita (CSL 2018b).

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Table 5-19: Policy Area Public Library Targets, Thresholds, and Goals Standard Threshold Target Prime
Volumes per Capita 1.75 2.15 2.75
Technology Stations per 1,000 0.75 1.00 1.25
Reader Seats per 1,000 3.00 4.00 5.00
Meeting Room Seats per 1,000 2.00 3.00 5.00
Square Feet per Capita 0.40 0.50 0.60
Source: Sacramento Public Library Authority, Sacramento Public Library Authority Facility Master Plan 2007-2025, March 2007.

Table 5-20: Sacramento Public Library Service Ratios to 2025 Library
Current
(2019)
Square
Footage
Square
Footage by
2025
2005 Service
Area
Population(Neigh
borhood)
Service Area
Population
by 2025
2005
Service Ratio
(sf per
capita)
Service
Ratio by
2025 (sf
per capita)
65th and Folsom n/a 30,000 n/a 52,000 n/a 0.58
Belle Cooledge 12,000 25,000 79,544 46,648 0.15 0.54
Central Library 160,000 160,000 25,367 36,937 6.31 4.33 Colonial Heights 12,211 20,000 98,798 67,827 0.12 0.29
Del Paso Heights 5,425 20,000 32,325 38,693 0.17 0.52
Martin Luther King,
Jr. 15,078 30,000 49,411 64,175 0.31 0.47
McClatchy 2,557 4,690 13,398 15,880 0.14 0.30
McKinley 4,681 4,681 31,710 32,082 0.15 0.15
N. SacramentoHagginwood 4,000 15,000 27,585 28,686 0.15 0.52 North Natomas 22,645 22,645 24,637 66,294 0.93 0.34
Pocket Library 15,000 15,000 n/a 30,000 n/a 0.50
South Natomas 13,615 20,000 40,206 41,470 0.34 0.48
Valley Hi-North
Laguna 20,505 20,505 36,544 41,265 0.16 0.50
Total 287,717 387,521 459,525 561,957 0.56 0.69
Source: Sacramento Public Library Authority, Sacramento Public Library Authority Facility Master Plan 2007-2025, March 2007; Sacramento Public Library, http://www.saclibrary.org/, accessed January 2019.

Funding
The majority of library funding (94 percent) comes from the following three sources: property tax revenues in the county, general fund and Measure U contributions from the City of Sacramento, and the special parcel tax in the city of Sacramento (SPL 2018b). The remaining 6 percent of funding comes from investment earnings, donations, fines and fees, the State, and one-time sources. In November 2004, Sacramento voters approved Measure X, an initiative to continue a parcel tax that provides 30 percent of the City libraries’ operating expenses (SPL 2018b). The measure levies a $26.60 flat tax per household annually. In 2018, the Branch Friends of the Sacramento Public Library donated $35,093 to the SPL system for books and materials, programs, supplies, and general donations. In addition, the California State Library granted $18,000 in support of the Sacramento Public Library’s literacy programs and the Arlynn R. Buder Trust donated $40,000 to the Sacramento Public Library (SPL 2018c). Regulatory Context Federal
There are no Federal policies that are directly applicable to library services within the Policy Area.

State
There are no State policies that are directly applicable to library services within the Policy Area.

Local
Sacramento Public Library Authority Facility Master Plan 2007-2025 The Sacramento Public Library Authority Facility Master Plan (FMP) contains the following Guiding Principles designed to support SPL customers.

Guiding Principles

1. Libraries recognize the needs of different communities.

2. Libraries recognize the needs of a diverse population.

3. Libraries add value to the community.

4. Libraries are prime real estate.

5. Libraries are easy for customers to use.

6. Library space is flexible.

7. Libraries recognize the value of community partners.

8. Library design promotes staff efficiency and effectiveness.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

The Sacramento Public Library Authority FMP also contains service standards in a tiered threelevel approach. The three levels are Threshold, Target, and Prime. The Threshold standard would be used to evaluate current library services available to residents of the specific service area. As individual communities move forward in planning their specific service goals and the facilities required to provide those services, they would select from Threshold, Target, or Prime to tailor their building program.

5.6 Schools

INTRODUCTION
This section describes existing school facilities, services, and enrollment capacities for schools in the city of Sacramento, its Sphere of Influence (SOI), and other areas within the Policy Area as well as current local and regional policy regarding new school development. Information from this section is based on State education data, facilities master plans for several school districts, and communication with the staff of the respective school districts. Six school districts provide elementary, middle, and high school education to residents of the Policy Area. Several local and regional colleges and universities provide higher education for residents.

EXISTING CONDITIONS
The Sacramento City Unified School District (SCUSD) is the primary provider of school services within the city. Other districts serving residents within the Policy Area include the Twin Rivers Unified School District (TRUSD), Robla School District (RSD), Natomas Unified School District (NUSD), San Juan Unified School District (SJUSD), and the Elk Grove Unified School District (EGUSD). Some of these districts have schools outside the city limits but within the Policy Area.

School district boundaries serving the Policy Area are shown in Figure 5-8. It should be noted that on November 6, 2007, north area residents approved Measure B, a proposal to reorganize four north area school districts (North Sacramento, Del Paso Heights, Grant, and Rio Linda) into one unified preschool through adult education district, newly called the Twin Rivers Unified School District (TRUSD).

The SCUSD area covers the Central City, east to the city limits. SCUSD is bordered on the north by TRUSD. NUSD, SJUSD, and RSD are located further north, extending to the county border.

EGUSD covers the southern portion of the Policy Area.

Among the city’s 326,148 residents aged 25 or over in 2017, 84.4 percent hold a high school diploma or higher and 31.5 percent hold a bachelor’s degree or higher (U.S. Census Bureau 2017).

Public Schools Facilities
Tables 5-21 through 5-26 list the more than 150 public schools serving the Policy Area, as well as their enrollment (as of summer/fall 2018), capacity, and location for each school within the six school districts. Specifically, SCUSD operates more than 80 schools throughout the Policy Area; the District includes traditional elementary, middle, and high schools, as well as alternative education,

adult education, and charter school facilities (SCUSD 2018a). TRUSD has 17 elementary schools, five middle schools, and three high schools in the Policy Area (TRUSD 2018a; TRUSD 2018b).

TRUSD also operates many alternative education, adult education, special education, and charter school facilities. The RSD includes only elementary schools, and all five of their schools are located within the city limits (RSD 2018a). NUSD operates three high schools, three middle schools, and nine elementary schools serving residents of the Natomas area (NUSD 2018). NUSD also has a School Readiness and Early Learning Program for preschool services, a science and technologyfocused school for elementary and middle school students, a continuation high school, and six charter schools for students from elementary to high school. The SJUSD has nine elementary schools, two K-8 schools, two middle schools, and four high schools within the Policy Area (SJUSD 2018a; SJUSD 2018b). EGUSD has five high schools, four middle schools, and seventeen elementary schools that serve students in the Policy Area (EGUSD 2018). EGUSD also offers alternative education options through a continuation high school, an independent study high school, and a virtual academy providing education online for elementary and middle school students. Figure 5- 8 shows the locations of schools within the Policy Area.

Private School Facilities
Private elementary, middle, and high schools serve residents throughout the Policy Area. There are 51 private schools located within the Policy Area, including 40 schools serving elementary school students, 37 schools serving middle school students, and 25 schools serving high school students (CDE 2018b). See Table 5-27 for a list of private school facilities and Figure 5-8 for their locations.

Standards
School capacity is the primary concern associated with educational facilities. As land constraints and evolving educational needs have necessitated revisions to these standards, the California Department of Education has published The Guide to School Site Analysis and Development in order to establish a valid technique for determining acreage for new school formulas that permit each district to accommodate its individual conditions. The Department of Education recommends that a site utilization study be prepared for a potential site, based on these formulas.

Capacity
In SCUSD fifteen of the district’s 83 schools are overcrowded, as shown in Table 5-21. According to the SCUSD’s Facilities Strategic Planning Committee, overcrowding in the district requires students to be bused across town.

Based on the information presented in Tables 5-21 through 5-27, as of 2018 all of the school districts have some remaining capacity, although individual schools within the districts may be operating at or above capacity. Certain schools within the Twin Rivers, Natomas, San Juan, and Elk Grove school districts are at or above capacity. In TRUSD, one school, Warren A. Allison Elementary School, is over capacity. NUSD and SJUSD also each have one school, Inderkum High School and Dyer-Kelly Elementary School, respectively, that is over capacity. EGUSD has three schools in the Policy Area, Samuel Kennedy Elementary School, Katherine Albiani Middle School, and Pleasant Grove High School that are over capacity.

Watt/I-80
Watt/I-80 West
Roseville Road
Marconi/Arcade
Royal
Oaks
Arden/Del Paso
Globe Avenue
16th Street
23rd
Street 29th
Street
39th
Street
48th
Street 59th
Street
University/
65th Street
Power Inn College
Greens
Watt/Manlove Starfire
Tiber
Butterfield
Broadway (& 19th)
4th Ave./
Wayne Hultgren
City College
Fruitridge
47th Avenue
Florin
Meadowview
Swanston
Airport
Station
Club Center Dr/
N. Village Center
North Natomas
Town Center
East Town Center
Arco Arena
Arena
Blvd.

Gateway Park/
Market Place
San Juan Rd.

Pebblestone Way
W. El Camino Ave.

Richards
Blvd.

Franklin
Blvd.

Cosumnes River
Center Parkway
Morrison Creek
Railyards
Twin
Rivers
Schools
SCUSD
TRUSD
NUSD
Robla
SJUSD
EGUSD
Private Schools
Sacramento City Limit
Sphere of Influence
Policy Area
Water
Light Rail
Station
Blue Line
Blue/Gold Line
Gold Line
Green Line
Proposed Green Line Extension
Source: City of Sacramento Community Development Department, 2018/2019 Z:\Projects\j1149901\MAPDOC\TBR\Section 5 Public Services\Figure5-8_Schools.mxd 0 0.5 1 2 Mile
Alkali Flat/
La Valentina
12th & I
Cathedral
Square
St. Rose of
Lima Park
- 9th & K St. Rose of Lima Park
- 7th & K
7th & Capitol
8th & Capitol
Archives Plaza
(Eastbound)
Archives Plaza
(Northbound) 8th & O
(Eastbound)
8th & O
(Northbound)
13th Street
16th Street
Sacramento
Valley
7th & I St/
County Center
8th & K St
Cathedral
Square
8th & H St/
County Center
J ST
3RD ST
10TH ST
9TH ST
5TH ST
N ST
L ST
Figure 5-8
Schools

Table 5-21: Sacramento City Unified School District
School Name School Type Enrollment Capacity Address
Albert Einstein Middle 730 984 9325 Mirandy Drive
Alice Birney Waldorf
Inspired Elementary (K-8) 528 432 6251 13th St
American Legion
Continuation High School 269 120 3801 Broadway
Arthur A. Benjamin Health
Professions High School 207 456 451 McClatchy Way
Bowling Green Chacón
Language and Science
Academy and PHI
Elementary -
Charter 815 1,176
4211 Turnbridge Dr
and 6807 Franklin Blvd
Bret Harte Elementary 276 576 2751 9th Ave
C. K. McClatchy High School 2,299 1,200 3066 Freeport Bl Caleb Greenwood Elementary (K-8) 501 624 5457 Carlson Dr California Middle 919 744 1600 Vallejo Dr
California Montessori Project
Capitol Campus
Elementary -
Charter (K-8) 327 N/A 2635 Chestnut Hill Dr
Camellia Basic Elementary 462 480 6600 Cougar Dr
Capital City School K-12 263 N/A 7222 24th Street
Capitol Collegiate Academy
Elementary -
Charter (K-8) 342 N/A 2118 Meadowview Rd
Aspire Capitol Heights
Academy
Elementary -
Charter 276 N/A 2520 33rd Street
Caroline Wenzel Elementary 305 552 6870 Greenhaven Dr
Cesar E. Chavez Elementary 384 432 7500 32nd St
Clayton B. Wire Elementary N/A N/A 5100 El Paraiso Ave
Collis P. Huntington Elementary N/A N/A 5921 26th St
Crocker/Riverside Elementary 657 408 2970 Riverside Bl
David Lubin Elementary 567 624 3535 M St
Earl Warren Elementary 436 576 5420 Lowell St
Edward Kemble Elementary 602 744 7495 29th St
Elder Creek Elementary 749 840 7934 Lemon Hill Rd
Ethel I. Baker Elementary 685 456 5717 Laurine Wy
Ethel Phillips Elementary 495 672 2930 21st Av
Father Keith B. Kenny
Elementary -
Charter 388 576
3525 Martin Luther
King Jr Blvd
Fern Bacon Middle 751 1,032 4140 Cuny Ave
Fruit Ridge Elementary N/A N/A 4625 44 St.

Success Academy Middle/High School 21 N/A 5601 47th Ave Genevieve Didion Elementary (K-8) 598 600 6490 Harmon Dr

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Table 5-21: Sacramento City Unified School District
School Name School Type Enrollment Capacity Address
George Washington Carver
School of Arts and Science
High School -
Charter 272 N/A
10101 Systems
Parkway
Golden Empire Elementary 615 576 9045 Canberra Drive
H. W. Harkness Elementary 373 456 2147 54th Ave
Hiram Johnson High School 1,497 2,184 6879 14th Ave
West Campus High School 862 744 5022 58th St
Hollywood Park Elementary 348 336 4915 Harte Wy
Hubert H. Bancroft Elementary 429 600 2929 Belmar St
Isador Cohen Elementary (K-6) 270 432
9025 Salmon Falls
Drive
Leataata Floyd Elementary 354 528 401 McClatchy Wy
John Bidwell Elementary 317 528 1730 65th Ave
John Cabrillo Elementary 366 552 1141 Seamas Ave
John D. Sloat Elementary 255 336 7525 Candlewood Wy
John F. Kennedy High School 2,214 1,800 6715 Gloria Dr
John H. Still Elementary (K-8) 963 1,344 2200 John Still Dr John Morse Therapeutic
Center K-8 School 45 240 1901 60th Ave
Joseph Bonnheim Elementary 283 648 7300 Marin Ave
Kit Carson Middle 509 744 5301 N St
Language Academy of
Sacramento (Spanish
Immersion)
Elementary -
Charter (K-8) 585 N/A 2820 49th St
Leonardo Da Vinci Elementary (K-8) 869 504 4701 Joaquin Way Luther Burbank High School 1,735 2,160 3500 Florin Rd
Maple Elementary N/A N/A 3301 37th Ave
Mark Hopkins Elementary N/A N/A 2221 Matson Dr
Mark Twain Elementary 319 624 4914 58th St
Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary (K-8) 458 576 480 Little River Wy Matsuyama Elementary 610 504 7680 Windbridge Dr
MET
High School -
Charter N/A 72 810 V Street
Nicholas Elementary 651 696 6601 Steiner Dr
Oak Ridge Elementary 502 624
4501 Martin Luther
King Jr Blvd
Pacific Elementary 743 768 6201 41 St
Parkway Elementary 572 576 4720 Forest Pkwy
Peter Burnett Elementary 565 792 6032 36th Ave
Phoebe Apperson Hearst Elementary 672 576 1410 60th St

Table 5-21: Sacramento City Unified School District
School Name School Type Enrollment Capacity Address
Pony Express Elementary 399 408 1250 56th Ave
Rosa Parks (formerly C. M.

Goethe) Middle 829 912 2250 68th Ave
Rosemont High School 1,409 1,728 9594 Kiefer Blvd
Sacramento Accelerated
Academy High School N/A N/A
Sacramento Charter
High School -
Charter 760 N/A 2315 34th St
Sam Brannan Middle 493 936 5301 Elmer Wy
School of Engineering and
Sciences Middle/High School 541 456 7345 Gloria Dr
Sequoia Elementary 456 456 3333 Rosemont Dr
Sol Aureus College
Preparatory
Elementary -
Charter (K-8) 360 N/A 6620 Gloria Dr
St. HOPE Public School 7
Elementary -
Charter (K-8) 554 N/A 5201 Strawberry Ln
Susan B. Anthony Elementary 314 480 7864 Detroit Blvd
Sutter Middle 1,206 960 3150 I St
Sutterville Elementary 508 528 4967 Monterey Wy
Tahoe Elementary 358 528 3110 60th St
Theodore Judah Elementary 575 504 3919 Mckinley Blvd
Sacramento New Technology
High School -
Charter 166 264 1400 Dickson St
Washington Elementary 226 408 520 18th St
Will C. Wood Middle School 693 1,008 6201 Lemon Hill Ave William Land Elementary 433 528 2120 12th St
Woodbine Elementary 275 360 2500 52nd Ave
YavPemSuab Academy
Elementary -
Charter 469 N/A
7555 South Land Park
Dr
Source: Enrollment data was obtained from California Department of Education, School Level Enrollment Reports, 2018a, <http://data1.cde.ca.gov/dataquest>, accessed January 2019. Capacity information provided by Marina Miller, Assistant, Legal Services and Safe Schools, Sacramento City Unified School District, written communication, January 25, 2019.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Table 5-22: Twin Rivers Unified School District
School Name School Type Enrollment Capacity Address
Warren A. Allison Elementary 466 389 4315 Don Julio Blvd D.W. Babcock Elementary 402 700 2400 Cormorant Wy
Michael Castori Elementary 660 752 1801 South Ave
Community Collaborative
Charter- Independent Study
Elementary/ Middle/
High 521 N/A 5715 Skvarla Ave
Community Outreach
Academy Elementary/Middle 1,567 N/A 3800 Bolivar Avenue Creative Connections Art
Academy
Elementary
Middle/High 679 1,051
7201 Arutas Ave
6444 Walerga Rd
Del Paso Heights Elementary 509 622 590 Morey Ave
Fairbanks Elementary 402 674 227 Fairbanks Ave
Futures High - Charter 399 N/A 3701 Stephen Dr
Garden Valley Elementary 392 519 3601 Larchwood Dr
Grant Union High 1,934 2,684 1400 Grand Ave
Hagginwood Elementary 433 700 1418 Palo Verde Ave
Heritage Peak
Elementary/Middle/H
igh – Charter 1,010 N/A 6450 20th St
Higher Learning Academy
Elementary/Middle -
Charter 220 N/A 2625 Plover St
Harmon Johnson Elementary (3-6) 600 N/A 577 Las Palmas Ave Elwood J. Keema -
Independent Study High 401 519 5201 Arnold Ave
Martin Luther King Jr.

Technology Academy Middle 454 1,116 3051 Fairfield St.

Miles P. Richmond – Special
Education Middle/High 57 60 4330 Keema Ave
Morey Avenue Early
Childhood Development
Center Elementary (Pre/K) 90 156 155 Morey Ave
Noralto Elementary (Pre-2) 511 804 477 Las Palmas Ave
Northwood Elementary 506 648 2630 Taft St
Norwood Middle 749 926 4601 Norwood Ave
Pathways Community Day
School Elementary 16 N/A 6450 20th Street
Regency Park Elementary 674 959 5901 Bridgecross Dr
Rio Linda High 1,659 3,125 6309 Dry Creek Rd
Rio Linda Preparatory
Academy Middle 490 789 1101 G St
Rio Tierra Middle 493 762 3201 Northstead Dr
Sacramento Academic and
Vocational Academy
Middle/High –
Charter 803 N/A 5330 Power Inn Rd

Table 5-22: Twin Rivers Unified School District
School Name School Type Enrollment Capacity Address
Smythe Academy of Arts and
Sciences
Elementary
Middle - Charter 1,109 1,564
2781 Northgate Blvd.
5703 Skvarla Ave
Hazel Strauch Elementary 593 804 3141 Northstad Dr
Vineland – Special Needs Preschool N/A N/A 6450 20th St NOVA Opportunity
Program Middle 28 164 2035 North Ave
Vista Nueva Careers and
Technology Continuation High 160 823 2035 North Ave
Westside Preparatory
Charter Westside Campus Middle 385 427 6537 West Second St Woodlake Elementary 439 674 700 Southgate Rd
Source: Enrollment data was obtained from California Department of Education, School Level Enrollment Reports, 2017-18, <http://data1.cde.ca.gov/dataquest>, accessed January 2019. Capacity information from Victoria Garcia, Sr. Budget Analyst, TRUSD, personal communication February 5, 2019.

Table 5-23: Robla School District
School Name School Type Enrollment Capacity Address
Robla Preschool 4 -- 4351 Pinell St
Robla Elementary 404 430 5200 Marysville Bl
Taylor Street Elementary 435 462 4350 Taylor St
Bell Avenue Elementary 477 496 1900 Bell Ave
Glenwood Elementary 474 492 201 Jessie Ave
Main Avenue Elementary 366 552 1400 Main Ave
Paseo Grande Charter High 185 -- 5248 Rose St
Total -- 2,345 2,432 --
Source: Enrollment data was obtained from California Department of Education, School Level Enrollment Reports, 2017-18, <http://data1.cde.ca.gov/dataquest>, accessed December 17, 2012. Capacity information from Mike Henkel, CFE, Chief Business Official, Robla School District, personal communication, February 28, 2019.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Table 5-25: San Juan Unified School District
School Name School Type Enrollment Capacity Address
Dyer-Kelly Elementary 541 431 2236 Edison Ave
Pasadena Elementary 320 357 4330 Pasadena Ave
Sierra Oaks Elementary/Middle 708 732 171 Mills Rd
Winston Churchill Middle 1,022 1,152 4900 Whitney Ave
Encina Middle/High School 1,022 1,476 1400 Bell St
Mira Loma High School 1,770 2,016 4000 Edison Ave
Sources: 2018-2019 enrollment data and capacity information from Lester Duldulao, Engineering Technician, FacilitiesArchives, SJUSD, personal communication January 31, 2019.

Table 5-24: Natomas Unified School District
School Name School Type Enrollment Capacity Address
Bannon Creek Elementary 517 690 2775 Millcreek Dr
Natomas High School 1,035 1,673 3301 Fong Ranch Road
American Lakes Elementary 486 575 2800 Stonecreek Dr
Jefferson Elementary 558 780 2001 Pebblewood Dr
Natomas Independent
Charter School1
Elementary, Middle, High
School
1,822 1,822 4600 Blackrock Dr.

Natomas Middle 754 754 3200 North Park Drive
Leroy Greene Academy Charter Middle 783 960 2950 West River Drive Inderkum High School High School 2,115 2,078 2500 New Market Dr Natomas Park Elementary 742 894 4700 Crest Dr
Two Rivers Elementary 661 789 3201 W. River Dr
Discovery Continuation High School 134 300 3401 Fong Ranch Road Witter Ranch Elementary 676 720 3790 Poppy Hill Wy
Heron Science & Technology
Elementary
1,007 1,131 5151 Banfield Dr
Westlake Charter1 Elementary (K-8) 919 919 3800 Del Paso Rd Natomas Pacific Pathways
Prep1
Middle 509 509 3700 Del Paso Rd
Natomas Pacific Pathways
Prep1
High School 619 619 3700 Del Paso Rd
H. Allen Hight Elementary 594 654 3200 North Park Dr
Notes:

1. Capacity data is based on Memorandum of Understanding that sets maximum enrollment number at site.

Sources: Enrollment data was obtained from California Department of Education, School Level Enrollment Reports, 2017-18, <http://data1.cde.ca.gov/dataquest>, accessed January 2019. Capacity information from Jennifer Mellor, Planning Technician, NUSD, personal communication, February 6, 2019.

Table 5-26: Elk Grove Unified School District
School Name School Type Enrollment Capacity Address
Barbara Comstock Morse Elementary 715 932 7000 Cranleigh Ave Charles Mack Elementary 916 958 4701 Brookfield Dr
Edward Harris1 Middle 1,103 1,424 8691 Power Inn Rd
Herman Leimbach Elementary 762 880 8101 Grandstaff Dr
Irene B. West Elementary 990 1,010 8625 Serio Way
John Reith Elementary 557 776 8401 Valley Lark Dr
Las Flores Independent
Study
Elementary/
Middle/ High 166 N/A 5900 Bamford Dr
Monterey Trail1 High 2,289 2,356 8661 Power Inn Rd
Prairie Elementary 1,028 1,192 5251 Valley Hi Dr
Rio Cazadero
Continuation
High 137 N/A 7825 Grandstaff Dr
Samuel Jackman Middle 1,010 1,297 7925 Kentwal Dr
Valley High 1,611 2,568 6300 Ehrhardt Ave
Harriet Eddy1 Middle 1,077 1,361 9329 Soaring Oaks Dr
Laguna Creek1 High 1,969 2,508 9050 Vicino Dr
James Rutter1 Middle 927 1,361 7350 Palmer House Dr
Florin1 High 1,547 2,417 7956 Cottonwood Ln
Florin1 Elementary 672 828 7300 Kara Dr
Samuel Kennedy1 Elementary 1,069 1,062 7037 Briggs Dr
Katherine Albiani1 Middle 1,432 1,424 9140 Bradshaw Rd
Pleasant Grove1 High 2,560 2,477 9531 Bond Rd
John Ehrhardt1 Elementary 864 958 8900 Old Creek Dr
Anna Kirchgater1 Elementary 770 984 8141 Stevenson Ave
Marion Mix1 Elementary 801 828 4730 Laguna Park Dr
Sierra Enterprise1 Elementary 549 750 9115 Fruitridge Dr Union House Elementary 820 984 7850 Deer Creek Dr
Notes:

1. School is located in the City of Elk Grove or County of Sacramento but has portions of its attendance boundary in the City of Sacramento.

Source: Kim Williams, Planning Manager, Elk Grove Unified School District, personal communication, January 31, 2019.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Table 5-27: Private Schools
School Name School Type Address
ABC School Elementary/Middle/High 4540 Harlin Dr
Al-Arqam Islamic School Elementary/Middle/High 6990 65th St Aldar Academy Elementary/Middle/High 4436 Engle Rd
A.M. Winn Elementary Elementary 5735 47th Avenue
Bergamo Montessori School Elementary 8144 Pocket Rd
Bradshaw Christian Elementary/Middle/High 8324 Bradshaw Rd Calvary Christian Elementary/ Middle/High 4911 47th Ave Camellia Waldorf Elementary/Middle 7450 Pocket Road
Capital Christian Elementary/Middle/High 9470 Micron Ave Capital Innovations Academy Middle/High 1828 Tribute Road, Suite H Christian Brothers High 4315 Martin Luther King Jr Blvd Capitol Autism Services - Land Park Campus Elementary/Middle/High 2751 Wilmington Avenue Capitol Elementary Elementary/Middle 5700 13th Avenue
Carden School of Sacramento Elementary/Middle 3020 Marconi Avenue Cornerstone Christian School Elementary/Middle/High 5073 Andrea Boulevard Courtyard Elementary 205 24th Street
Cristo Rey High School-Sacramento High 8475 Jackson Road Dar-ul-Madinah Elementary 4110 North Freeway Blvd
Holy Spirit Elementary/Middle 3920 W Land Park Dr
Jimenez Academy Elementary/Middle/High 303 River Run Circle Merryhill School Elementary/Middle 2600 V Street
Merryhill School Elementary 9036 Calvine Rd
Minnie&Me Academy Elementary/Middle/High 2932 Channel Court Apt. #2 More Life Christian Academy Elementary/Middle/High 3845 Fell Street Mountain Valley School - Bar Du Middle/High 7818 Bar Du Lane Mountain Valley School - Gerber Farms Middle/High 9211 Gerber Road Mustard Seed Elementary 1321 North C St
MVP Diamond Academy Middle 2891 32nd Avenue
Natomas Christian School (Real Life Church) Elementary/Middle/High 1921 Arena Boulevard, Suite 100 Nehemiah Christian Academy Elementary 2727 Del Paso Boulevard Northern California Preparatory Middle/High 6046 Lemon Hill Avenue Point Quest Education, Inc. Elementary/Middle/High 6600 44th St Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary Middle/High 3100 Norris Ave Sacramento Christian School Elementary/Middle/High 4141 Fell St Sacramento Country Day School Elementary/Middle/High 2636 Latham Drive Sacred Heart Elementary/Middle 856 39th Street
Saint Mary School Elementary/Middle 1351 58th Street

Table 5-27: Private Schools
School Name School Type Address
Shalom School Elementary 2320 Sierra Boulevard
Sierra School at Eastern Extension Elementary/Middle 2331 St. Marks Way Slavic Gospel Elementary/Middle/High 4659 Dry Creek Road St. Charles Borromeo Elementary/Middle 7580 Center Parkway St. Francis of Assisi Elementary School Elementary/Middle 2500 K Street St. Francis Catholic High School High 5900 Elvas Avenue St. Ignatius School Elementary/Middle 3245 Arden Way
St. Patrick SUCCEED Academy Elementary/Middle 5945 Franklin Boulevard St. Philomene Elementary/Middle 2320 El Camino Avenue
St. Robert School Elementary/Middle 2251 Irvin Way
Trinity Christian School Elementary/Middle 5225 Hillsdale Boulevard Source: California Department of Education, Private School Directory, http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/si/ps/, January 2019.

Planned Improvements
Elk Grove Unified School District has numerous school sites identified or owned within active and future development areas. EGUSD monitors both the plan approval process and the construction of homes to gauge the growth in a given area. EGUSD plans to build additional schools on these sites as they are needed and as school construction funds become available from the State. In 2012, EGUSD proposed one future new school within the city of Sacramento, as part of the thenproposed development Aspen 1 located near South Watt and Jackson Highway. The developers have been working with EGUSD to incorporate a school site which meets district requirements (City of Sacramento 2015). No school at this location has been constructed to date. In July 2017, construction was completed for Robert J. McGarvey Elementary School, which serves over 700 students within the City of Rancho Cordova (EGUSD 2019a).

The EGUSD adopted the Facilities Master Plan 2015-2025 Update in February 2016. This plan includes an analysis of EGUSD’s current facilities’ condition, guiding principles for new educational facilities development, analysis of necessary new facilities to support growth, financial and enrollment projections, and recommendations for facilities upgrade, maintenance, and care within the EGUSD. The Facilities Master Plan estimates that approximately 7,250 elementary school students, 2,265 middle school students, and 4,425 high school students will be added to EGUSD over the next 10 years. In response, EGUSD anticipates that it will require 10-12 new schools as well as additions to existing schools to accommodate projected enrollment growth (EGUSD 2016).

In November 2016, Measure M, the EGUSD’s first general obligation school facilities bond measure, was passed. Measure M is estimated to ultimately provide approximately $476 million in critical improvements to existing school buildings and grounds. Since the passing of Measure M, EGUSD has completed several facilities improvements using Measure M funding, including roof,

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

flooring, and HVAC replacement and athletic field and track improvements. Current projects include roofing, HVAC, and ADA accessibility upgrades at Florin Elementary, modernization and accessibility upgrades at Union House Elementary, roof replacement at Samuel Jackman Middle School, construction of a modular bio-science building at Pleasant Grove High School, and renovation of buildings at Valley High School. Several other projects funded by Measure M are proposed to be completed in the future, including additional career and technical education upgrades, lighting improvements, building restoration, roof and HVAC replacement, shade structure installation, and comprehensive upgrade projects (EGUSD 2019b). Natomas Unified School District proposed construction of a bioscience school at West Lakeside for construction in 2012-13, construction of Westlake Charter School at the Northborough II site in 2013-14, and construction of a Health Clinic adjacent to New Technology High School in 2014-15. NUSD also plans to acquire a new site for and construct a new middle school in 2014-15 (City of Sacramento 2015). Construction of these facilities has been completed as of January 2019.

The NUSD is currently planning to construct a new K-8 school, the Paso Verde School, with estimated completion in August 2020 or 2021. The school would be located on an 18.3 acre site west of Interstate 4 and north of Del Paso Road in the City of Sacramento and would support approximately 1,000 students. Construction is tentatively scheduled to begin in Spring 2019. Other planned projects include the Jefferson School Modernization Project, which would modernize the Jefferson School by renovating classrooms, its library, administrative spaces, front entry and landscape/hardscape, and district-wide security fencing and exterior lighting upgrades (NUSD 2019).

The NUSD constructed the Natomas Charter School STAR Academy at 4004 Gloster Way, Sacramento in September 2016. Additionally, NUSD opened the new Westlake K-8 charter school at 2680 Mabry Drive, Sacramento, in August 2017. Other completed projects include the Heron School Science and Classroom Building Project, which constructed construct six classrooms, 3 lab spaces and outdoor learning spaces, the Bannon Creek Elementary Two Story Classroom Building project, which constructed a new two-story, 16 classroom building, and the Leroy Greene Academy Classroom, Library, and IT Upgrades Project, which consisted of upgrades to current science classroom, library and IT system (NUSD 2019). In addition, the NUSD adopted its 2017 Facilities Master Plan update on December 13, 2017. The plan documents projects that have been completed since the 2014 Facilities Master Plan was approved and identifies additional site needs and future projects (NUSD 2017). The Robla School District updated its Developer Fee Justification Study in 2013. This study analyzes past trends, future growth projections, capacity, and site needs. The new study updated the RSD capacity figure and documented site needs in order to plan for new improvements.

Furthermore, on October 6, 2014, Measure K was approved. This measure authorized the RSD to use bonds to fund modernization efforts and construct a new school (RSD 2019a). This includes the Main Avenue Project, which was completed in August 2018. The Main Avenue Project constructed a new 8 classroom building with space for 200 or more students for the Main Avenue Elementary School (RSD 2019b).

Bond Measure H for the Robla School District was approved in November 2018. This measure includes funding to reconstruct Robla, Bell, and Taylor schools and to modernize Glenwood Elementary School. This would include upgrading lighting, windows, ventilation systems, and

support facilities (RSD 2019c). SCUSD is working on updating existing school sites to increase economic development, environmental stewardship, and social equity in accordance with its 2012 Sustainable Facilities Master Plan (City of Sacramento 2015). SCUSD makes improvements based on an environmental stewardship approach that focuses on: sustainable sites upgrades to John Cabrillo Elementary School, Sam Brannan Middle School, C.K. McClatchy High School, The Met, William Land Elementary School, and Luther Burbank High School; materials and resources improvements at A.A.B. Health Professional High School, Albert Einstein Middle School, the Enrollment and Family Services Center, Crocker Riverside Elementary, Caleb Greenwood K-8 School, and Martin Luther King Jr. K-8 School; water efficiency upgrades at Kit Carson Middle School, Earl Warren Elementary School, John F. Kennedy High School, Thomas Jefferson Elementary School, Marian Anderson Elementary School, and Albert Einstein Middle School; indoor environmental quality improvements at Sutter Middle School, Rosa Parks Middle School, Joseph Bonnheim Elementary School, Abraham Lincoln Elementary School, James W. Marshall Elementary School, and Golden Empire Elementary School; energy and atmosphere improvements at Rosemont High School, Sequoia Elementary School, Marian Anderson Elementary School, California Middle School, O.W. Erlewine Elementary School, and Sutterville Elementary School; and leadership, education, and innovation improvements at Alice Birney K-8 School, The Met, Oak Ridge Elementary School, George Washington Carver High School, Sutterville Elementary School, and Theodore Judah Elementary School.

In November 2012, Measures Q and R were passed. These measures allowed the SCUSD to issue bonds towards core academic renovation, modernization, repair and upgrade projects, technology upgrades, district-wide fire and irrigation improvements, resource and energy conservation improvements, and athletics facilities improvements. These bond expenditures have been distributed across the SCUSD’s school sites (SCUSD 2016). Measure Q and R funds have been used recently to support the renovation of the Susan B. Anthony Elementary School’s roof and gutters, replacement of Hiram Johnson High School’s playfield and track, resurfacing of C.K. McClatchy High School’s tennis courts, remodeling of Ethel Philips Elementary School’s and Phoebe Hearst Elementary School’s restrooms, and installation of a new condensing unit, furnace, ducts, controls, boiler, and water heaters at Sutter Middle School (SCUSD 2019). From 2010 to 2012, TRUSD actually closed six schools, consolidating enrollment between 20 other schools in the District, to increase efficiency in response to budget cuts and the economic downturn. However, the District expects that it will need three new elementary schools and 27 new high school classrooms in the Grant Union High School attendance area, and four new elementary schools, 15 new middle school classrooms, and one new high school in the Rio Linda High School attendance area to meet the capacity for projected enrollment during the 2022-23 school year.

In September 2015, TRUSD adopted the Twin Rivers Long Range Facilities Master Plan. This plan presented data on existing district facilities and enrollment trends and provided a plan for future educational facilities and improvements. Based on an assessment of existing facilities, the plan determined that the condition of existing facilities within TRUSD were generally rated to be “fair” to “poor”. This trend was attributed to aging facilities, challenges of construction, and the need to implement maintenance standardization. The plan lists work items needed for each TRUSD campus and prioritizes them based on urgency and importance. The plan was most recently updated in 2018 and is intended to serve as a set of guidelines for facilities improvements within the TRUSD (TRUSD 2018c).

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

TRUSD has several active projects to upgrade existing facilities in accordance with its Long Range Facilities Master Plan. These projects include upgrading HVAC systems at Creative Connections Arts Academy, Garden Valley Elementary, Grant High School, Hagginwood Elementary, and Del Paso Heights Elementary, roofing and HVAC improvements at Fairbanks Elementary, installing new boilers at Foothill High School, and lighting improvements at Foothill Ranch Middle School (Garcia pers. comm. 2019). The SJUSD has adopted a Facility Master Plan to guide future development, modernization and facilities improvement needs within the district. The SJUSD 2014 Facility Master Plan identifies $2.4 billion in current and future school improvement needs. The plan also guides the use of funding from Measure N, a $350 million facilities improvement bond approved by voters in 2012 (SJSD 2019). The SJUSD 2014 Facility Master Plan incorporates individual master plans for each school within the SJUSD (SJUSD 2014). The SJUSD is planning on constructing a new building to replace existing older buildings at Dyer Kelly Elementary School by the end of 2019. A new science building is also being planned for Mira Loma High School to be constructed in 2020 (Duldulao pers. comm. 2019).

Higher Education
Opportunities for higher education in the Policy Area are provided by both public and private colleges and universities including Cosumnes River College, McGeorge School of Law, UC Davis Medical School, Sacramento State University, Sacramento City College, and American River College.

The Los Rios Community College District operates Cosumnes River College (8401 Center Parkway), American River College (4700 College Oak Drive), and the Sacramento City College (3835 Freeport Boulevard) within the Policy Area, which provide transfer, general, and career education at the lower division level. The Los Rios Community College District enrolls approximately 75,000 students (LRCCD 2018).

The University of the Pacific operates McGeorge School of Law. The private campus is located in Sacramento, at 3200 Fifth Avenue.

The California State University, Sacramento (Sacramento State) campus, provides undergraduate and graduate education to approximately 30,700 students and graduates about 7,600 students each year (CSUS 2018a, 2018b). The public university is located at 6000 J Street and encompasses approximately 300 acres (City of Sacramento 2015). In Fall 2011, Sacramento State became an “impacted” university, where documented student demand exceeds funded capacity (City of Sacramento 2015). Sacramento State uses supplemental admission criteria to evaluate first-time freshmen and new transfer applicants outside of local areas for admission. Applicants outside local areas for admission are required to meet additional criteria and are offered admission by rank order.

As diversity in the Sacramento region continues to increase, Sacramento State anticipates that the student body will continue to diversify even while impacted Local Funding Sources
Local funding sources include both non-revenue and revenue monies. Non-revenue funds include certificates of participation, and other mechanisms typically in the form of loans. Revenue funds

are generated from several sources, including the District’s general fund, money from the sale of unused school sites, general obligation funds, redevelopment agreement funds, developer fees, and others.

The SCUSD Facilities Master Plan (Plan) explains changes in the District since the previous Master Plan was prepared (1991), provides an inventory of existing District facilities, evaluates the condition of each school campus, provides a demographic and economic analysis of the District, describes future facilities needs in response to a growing student population and aging buildings, and outlines a Capital Improvement Plan. The Plan describes how the District should grow, what modifications to make to existing school sites, and outlines planning principles for the development of new school sites. The District will use this Plan as a tool to implement changes to existing campuses and to construct new ones through the year 2015.

The SCUSD 2012 Sustainable Facilities Master Plan (Plan) combines the District’s three goals:
social equity, economic development, and environmental stewardship. The District completed a comprehensive review of existing facilities and created sustainable standards for design, maintenance, and operations. The Plan is based on six principles: sustainable sites; green materials and resources; water efficiency; indoor environmental quality; energy and atmospheric efficiency; and leadership, education, and innovation.

REGULATORY SETTING
Federal
A Federally-assisted meal program operating in public and nonprofit private schools and residential child care institutions that provides nutritionally balanced, low-cost or free lunches to children each school day. President Harry Truman’s administration established the program under the National School Lunch Act in 1946.

In 2001, Congress passed the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB Act). This act, under direction of the U.S. Department of Education, reauthorizes the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 with increased accountability for States, school districts, and schools; provides more flexibility for States and local educational agencies in the use of Federal education dollars; and places stronger emphasis on reading skills. The NCLB Act requires states to implement statewide accountability systems covering all public schools and students. These systems are based on challenging State standards in reading and mathematics, annual testing for all students in grades 3-8, and annual statewide progress objectives ensuring that all groups of students reach proficiency within 12 years.

Assessment results and state progress objectives are broken out by poverty, race, ethnicity, disability, and limited English proficiency to ensure that no group is left behind. School districts and schools that fail to make adequate yearly progress (AYP) toward statewide proficiency goals are subject to improvement, corrective action, and restructuring measures. Schools that meet or exceed AYP objectives or close achievement gaps are eligible for State Academic Achievement Awards.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

State
California Code of Regulations
The California Code of Regulations, Title 5 Education Code, governs all aspects of education within the State. Effective January 1, 1987 (AB 2926), school districts in the state are authorized by Education Code Section 17620 and Government Code Section 65995 to levy a fee, charge, dedication, or other requirement against any construction within the boundaries of the district, for the purpose of funding construction or reconstruction of school facilities.

School Facility Program
The School Facility Program (SFP) is the major State funding program for providing permanent public school facilities. SFP was created by the passage of Proposition 1A and Senate Bill 50 in 1998.

It is administered by the State Office of New Public School Construction. Proposition 1A/SB 50 enables the district to collect School Developer Fees in an amount up to 100 percent when general obligation funds from the State are unavailable.

Proposition 1A/Senate Bill 50
Proposition 1A/Senate Bill (SB) 50 (Chapter 407, Statutes of 1998) is a school construction measure authorizing the expenditure of State bonds totaling $9.2 billion through 2002, primarily for modernization and rehabilitation of older school facilities and construction of new school facilities.

An amount of $2.5 billion is for higher education facilities and $6.7 billion is for K-12 facilities.

Proposition 1A/SB 50 implemented significant fee reforms by amending the laws governing developer fees and school mitigation. It allows school districts to charge developer fees at one of three levels. The base (statutory) amount as of 2018 is $3.79 for residential development and $0.61 per square foot for commercial development. It prohibits school districts, cities, and counties from imposing school impact mitigation fees or other requirements in excess of or in addition to those provided in the statute. It also suspends for a period of at least eight years (2006) a series of court decisions allowing cities and counties to deny or condition development approvals on grounds of inadequate school facilities when acting on certain types of entitlements. Within Sacramento school impact fees vary by school district.

Proposition 1A/SB 50 prohibits local agencies from using the inadequacy of school facilities as a basis for denying or conditioning approvals of any “legislative or adjudicative act . . . involving . . . the planning, use, or development of real property” (Government Code 65996(b)). Additionally, a local agency cannot require participation in a Mello-Roos for school facilities; however, the statutory fee is reduced by the amount of any voluntary participation in a Mello-Roos.

Satisfaction of the Proposition 1A/SB 50 statutory requirements by a developer is deemed to be “full and complete mitigation.” The law identifies certain circumstances under which the statutory fee can be exceeded, including preparation and adoption of a “needs analysis,” eligibility for State funding, and satisfaction of two of four requirements (post-January 1, 2000) identified in the law including year-round enrollment, general obligation bond measure on the ballot over the last four

years that received 50 percent plus one of the votes cast, 20 percent of the classes in portable classrooms, or specified outstanding debt.

Assuming a district qualifies for exceeding the statutory fee, the law establishes ultimate fee caps of 50 percent of costs where the State makes a 50 percent match, or 100 percent of costs where the State match is unavailable. District certification of payment of the applicable fee is required before the City or County can issue the building permit.

Assembly Bill 16
Assembly Bill 16 (AB 16) was approved within the School Facility Program (SFP) in 2002 and established the Critically Overcrowded School Facilities (COS) program, which supplements the new construction provisions within the SFP. The COS program allows school districts with critically overcrowded school facilities, as determined by the California Department of Education, to apply for a preliminary apportionment for new construction projects.

Proposition 55
Proposition 55 is a school construction measure passed in 2004 authorizing the sale of approximately $12.3 billion in bonds to fund qualified K-12 education facilities to relieve overcrowding and to repair older schools. Funds target areas of the greatest need and must be spent according to strict accountability measures. These bonds will be used only for eligible projects.

Approximately ten billion dollars will be allocated to K-12 schools, with the remaining 2.3 billion allocated to higher education facilities.

Proposition 98
Proposition 98 required that the State spend a minimum percentage (about 40 percent) of the budget on K-12 education and that the percentage not be less than the total amount from these sources in the prior year plus 0.5 percent as adjusted for increases in enrollment and changes in the cost of living. Proposition 98 funding was suspended in 2003.

California Department of Education Standards
The California Department of Education creates K-12 education policy in the areas of standards, instructional materials, assessment, and accountability, and includes the Director of Education who performs the executive and administrative functions of the Department and the State Board of Education which functions as the governing and policy-making body of the Department (California Department of Education).

The California Department of Education published the Guide to School Site Analysis and Development to establish a valid technique for determining acreage for new school development.

Rather than assigning a strict student/acreage ratio, this guide provides flexible formulas that permit each district to tailor its ratios as necessary to accommodate its individual conditions. The

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Department of Education also recommends that a site utilization study be prepared for the site, based on these formulas.

Local
Sacramento City Code
Chapter 18.24, Article V of the Sacramento City Code establishes a school facilities development impact fee to finance the cost of school facilities necessitated by residential development within the North Natomas area. The fee amount is set in a hearing held by the City Council.

Chapter 15.132 of the Sacramento City Code allows any public school district with part of its school attendance within the city to file a declaration of impaction resolution of the governing board. The resolution must describe the impacts of the proposed development and the options that the governing board either acted upon or rejected to alleviate or avoid the effect of new or proposed development. The school district must submit a detailed program of mitigation proposed for each impacted school within the district. The program shall, among other things, set forth the projected costs for the district to provide temporary school facilities as well as measures proposed to recover the projected costs. The City Council may find a district to be eligible and may impose a requirement of the payment of fees or dedication of land as a condition to the issuance of building permits for new dwelling units within attendance areas of said district’s impacted schools.

Developers must then file a certificate of mitigation or a certificate of waiver of mitigation with the Director of building inspections before the City will issue a building permit.

5.7 Health Facilities

INTRODUCTION
This section describes the major hospitals, health clinics, and mental health services within the Policy Area. Information was obtained from communication with the various health providers, as well as City and County of Sacramento staff.

EXISTING CONDITIONS
Public health programs and public hospitals serving Policy Area residents are operated at the County level; other health facilities include privately operated hospitals and clinics, as described below.

Public Hospitals
There are no public hospitals serving the Policy Area; however, the County contracts with private hospitals to provide medical services to residents in the County Medically Indigent Services Program (CMISP) and operates clinics in various locations. The CMISP is a program of "last resort" designed to meet the healthcare needs of individuals in the community who are not otherwise

eligible for healthcare programs such as Medi-Cal, Medicare or private health insurance, and who meet the County's "last resort" socioeconomic eligibility standards. CMISP is a program mandated by the State of California, Title 17 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, to provide access to medical care for medically indigent persons (SCDHHS 2013a).

Emergency Facilities
The County contracts with the following private hospitals for inpatient, outpatient, and emergency services; a description of each hospital and the services they offer is included in the next subsection titled Private Hospitals:
• Mercy General Hospital
• Mercy San Juan Hospital
• Methodist Hospital
• Sutter General Hospital
• Sutter Memorial Hospital
• UC Davis Medical Center
Private Hospitals
Seven major hospitals serve the Policy Area, as shown in Figure 5-9. Detailed information regarding type of services and number of patient beds for each facility is described below.

Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center: (6600 Bruceville Road) Kaiser South Sacramento’s 179-bed hospital is currently (2012) staffed with 400 physicians and 3,000 support staff who provide services in all primary specialties and most sub-specialty care.

Services offered at the South Sacramento Medical Center include: a 24-hour emergency department, alcohol and drug abuse program, allergy, anesthesiology, behavioral medicine, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, head and neck surgery, hematology/oncology, internal medicine, neurology, nuclear medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, occupational medicine, oncology, ophthalmology, orthopedics, pathology, pediatrics/subspecialties, preventive medicine, physical medicine and rehabilitation, psychiatry, radiology, rheumatology, surgery, and urology. In addition, services are provided in HIV/AIDS, home health, hospice, injection clinic, laboratory, nutrition, optometry, pain management, perinatal, pharmacy, physical therapy, sleep lab, and social services. Kaiser South recently (2010) expanded the size of the medical center by approximately one third allowing the hospital to serve as a Level II Trauma Center (KPSSMC 2013).

ÆP
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Mercy
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Methodist Hospital
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UC Davis
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Sutter Medical Center
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Kaiser Foundation
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Shriners Hospitals
For Children
Northern California
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Health Facilities
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Mercy General Hospital: (4001 J Street)
Mercy General is a Dignity Health (formerly Catholic Healthcare West) hospital. Dignity Health is a not-for-profit system of 40 hospitals and medical centers in California, Arizona and Nevada (Dignity Health 2013a). As of 2012 the Mercy facility has 343 licensed beds, 878 physicians, and a total staff of 2,220 employees (Mercy General Hospital 2012). Mercy General provides the following services and facilities: Family Birth Center, Mercy Eye Institute, Mercy Heart Institute, Ortho/Neuro/Spine/Rehab, research, imaging services, Mercy home care services, Mercy Clinic Norwood, and a Preventative Health Center. Mercy General is currently (2012) constructing a new four-story cardiac care center within its medical campus located on J Street. The Alex G. Spanos Heart & Vascular Center will house four state-of-the-art cardiac surgery operating rooms, expansion capability for two additional cardiac catheterization labs, a highly advanced 20-bed cardiac surgery intensive care unit, 71 family-friendly patient rooms, and an integrated cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation pavilion (Dignity Health 2013b).

Methodist Hospital: (7500 Hospital Drive)
As of 2011, Methodist Hospital is a 333-bed facility with 162 licensed acute-care beds (Methodist Hospital 2012). Also a Dignity Health member, the hospital employs 435 affiliated physicians and 1,333 support staff. Methodist Hospital provides the following services and clinics: Bruceville Terrace, Family Practice Medical Program, Mercy family health center, Mercy home care service, digestive services, ortho and sports medicine, rehabilitation and therapy, surgical services, women’s and children’s services, and emergency services.

Shriners Hospital: (2425 Stockton Boulevard)
Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, is a medical center providing pediatric care in three specialty programs — orthopedics, spinal cord injury treatment and rehabilitation, and acute burn treatment and rehabilitation. The hospital is an 80-bed facility. Any child under 18 years old may be eligible for admission if the child's condition is within the scope of services offered at Shriners. All medical care is provided free of charge to the patient and their family (SHC 2013).

Sutter Medical Center:

The Sutter Medical Center includes Sutter General Hospital (2801 L Street), Sutter Memorial Hospital (5151 F Street), and Sutter Center for Psychiatry. In total, the Sutter Medical Center facilities have a collective bed capacity of over 700 (SMC 2013).

Sutter General is a 306-bed specialty medical center, which includes 219 general beds and 87 beds in the Skilled Nursing Facility, that focuses on general acute medical/surgical care as well as a medical base to advanced services for cancer, orthopedics, spine, and neurology and neurosurgery (SMC 2013). Sutter General is currently expanding its midtown campus to include a Women’s and Children’s Center and medical offices. Construction is expected to be completed by late 2014 (SMC 2012b).

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Sutter Memorial is a 346-bed medical center that specializes in cardiovascular services, transplants, and women's and children's specialty services (SMC 2013). Sutter Memorial services are being consolidated onto the Sutter General campus. As a result, Sutter Memorial will be demolished or sold and converted to other uses once expansion construction at Sutter General is complete. In 2014, all the services currently housed inside Sutter Memorial Hospital will be transitioned to the new midtown campus.

Sutter Center for Psychiatry is a 69-bed hospital providing a full range of psychiatric and mental health services for all ages. These included inpatient and outpatient psychiatric, mental health, and chemical dependency services (SMC 2013).

Sutter Medical Center is currently planning an expansion at its 28th and L Street location and the closure of its 51st and F Street location, to consolidate all of its acute care services into one centrallylocated medical campus. The project includes the existing Sutter General Hospital, parking structures under the freeway, the new Women’s and Children’s Hospital, and the Sutter Medical Foundation Building, as well as St. Luke’s Medical Office Building and the new Community Parking Structure with neighborhood serving retail. The expansion will allow for the creation of additional capacity for specialized care at both the Medical Center and the new Women’s and Children’s Hospital. It is anticipated construction of the SMCS project will begin in 2005 and be completed in 2014, subject to jurisdictional approvals.

The Women’s and Children’s Hospital Building plans to provide the following services: Neonatal Intensive Care beds, Intensive Care, Pediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Medical/Surgical suites, Labor and Delivery Rooms, Ante-Partum beds, and Post-Partum (birthing recovery) beds, with a total of 197 beds. The Women’s and Children’s center is expected to open in 2014.

UC Davis Medical Center: (2525 Stockton Boulevard)
The University of California (UC) Davis Medical Center is one of five teaching hospitals in the UC system. It offers nationally regarded medical and scientific expertise in specialties ranging from infectious diseases and neuroscience to vascular biology and cancer. The UC Davis Medical Center is the only level 1 trauma center in inland Northern California. The facility is licensed for 619 beds and employs 9,077 people (UCDMC 2013b).

In 2012, the 46,000-square-foot UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center expansion opened, colocating adult and pediatric programs.

Health Clinics
Various groups offer health clinics designed to address the needs of specific underserved populations throughout the Sacramento area. Many of these clinics are operated in coordination with the UC Davis Medical Hospital, including the Joan Viteri Clinic, the Center for Aids Research and Education (CARES), the Paul Hom Asian Clinic, ClinicaTepati, Imani Clinic, and Shita Clinic.

The County also provides CIMSP services at the following public clinics within the Policy Area:

• Primary Care Center (4600 Broadway)
• Del Paso Health Center (3950 Research Drive)
• Capitol Health Center (1500 C Street)
• Oak Park Clinic - Oak Park Neighborhood Multiservice Center Health Clinic (3425 Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard)
Mental Health Services
The Sacramento County Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Behavioral Health Services, serves the severely and persistently mentally ill, typically those individuals who cannot seek out private services on their own. Sacramento County offers a continuum of services ranging from acute crisis and inpatient through many specialized and community based support agencies, outpatient clinics known as Regional Support Teams, and consumer centers where clients can go for peer support and to learn skills for living in the community and managing their symptoms and disability. The division offers both adult and children’s programs, which are listed below. • Adult programs (SCDHHS 2013b)
- Adult Mental Health Access Team: Provides screening, assessment, and referral; crisis intervention; development of an individualized treatment plan; referrals and advocacy for other services such as housing, employment, and healthcare; and medication management services.
- Acute Psychiatric Emergency Services
• Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitalization
• Jail Psychiatric Services
- Employment Services
• Employment Cooperative
- Homeless & Housing Services
• Guest House Homeless Clinic
• Supportive Housing Programs
- Outpatient Mental Health Services
• Adult Psychiatric Support Services Clinic
• Crisis Residential Services
• Integrated Services
• Regional Support Teams
• Sierra Elder Wellness Program

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

• Suicide Prevention
• Transcultural Wellness Center
• Transitional Community Options for Recover and Engagement • Wellness & Recovery Centers
- Subacute Services
• Psychiatric Skilled Nursing Facilities
• Psychiatric State Hospitalization
• Rehabilitiation Centers
• Transitional Residential Facilities
• Children’s programs (SCDHHS 2013c)
- Child and Family Access Team: The team screens Sacramento County children (ages 0-20 years) and links them to the appropriate mental health service. Depending upon the child’s or youth’s needs, they may be referred to one of ten county operated programs and more than 70 contracted programs for a complete in-person assessment. - Acute Psychiatric Emergency Services
• Crisis Intervention and Stabilization
• Inpatient Hospitalization
- Early Childhood Mental Health Services
• HEARTS for Kids
• Infant Mental Health Services
- Intensive Mental Health Services
• Fast Track Program
• Flexible Integrated Treatment
• Intensive Treatment Foster Care
• Pathways
• Residential Based Services
• Therapeutic Behavioral Services
• Transcultural Wellness Center
• Wraparound Services
- Juvenile Justice Mental Health Services

• Family Child Community Treatment Program
• Juvenile Justice Diversion Treatment Program
• Juvenile Justice Institutions
• Multi-Systemic Therapy Program
• Sacramento Assessment Center
- Outpatient Mental Health Services
• Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Services Clinic
• Child Protective Services/Mental Health (CPS/MH) Assessment Team • Children’s Mental Health & Alcohol or Other Drug Specialization • Children’s Mental Health Partial Hospitalization
• Counseling, Rehabilitation, and Medication Support
• Psychological Testing
• Suicide Prevention
• Transition Age Services
• Transitional Housing Program
Facilities
The Department of Health and Human Services also operates the Sacramento County Mental Health Treatment Center (SCMHTC), located on 2150 Stockton Boulevard. The psychiatric facility, licensed by the State Department of Mental Health, has been in operation at this location since 1980. In 2009, budget constraints forced the County to close the crisis stabilization unit, cutting 50 of the 100 beds at the SCMHTC. In September 2012, they opened an intake stabilization unit that accepts patients transferred from local emergency rooms. This unit will help to reduce the mental health patients seeking care at local hospitals that are less equipped to appropriately treat them (Robertson 2012).

The Minor Emergency Response Team unit also provides crisis intervention and stabilization for children and youth who are experiencing a psychiatric emergency. Inpatient hospitalization is available as a last resort when other treatment options are unsuccessful. The Minor Emergency Response Team unit is located 2150 Stockton Blvd.

Mental health services are also provided in a variety of privately owned and operated facilities within the Policy Area.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Funding
Health and social service funding is obtained from a variety of sources, including, but not limited to: the Federal government; State and county governments; private donors; grants; insurance companies; and patients and their families. Funding is affected by changes in the budget at all levels of government. Therefore, funding levels can fluctuate from year to year, depending on the economy and changes within the law. Providers are responsible for maintaining solvency according to their tax structures, and services can change in relation to the amounts of funding available.

REGULATORY CONTEXT
No Federal, State or local regulations are applicable to health facilities.

5.8 Human Services

INTRODUCTION
This section presents an overview of the human services offered to residents of the Policy Area by County and City agencies, and various non-profit and private ventures. Services for seniors, youths, and the homeless and indigent population are specifically addressed. Information for this section is based on various online resources. Additional information about recreational programs is included in Section 5.3, Parks and Recreation of this document.

EXISTING CONDITIONS
Seniors
City
The City of Sacramento Parks and Recreation Department operates human service programs for city residents (PRD 2009; City of Sacramento 2013a). The Recreation and Community Services Division coordinates all senior programs offered by the Department. These programs are described below.
• Hart Senior Center (at Marshall Park in the midtown area): The center offers a variety of activities, programs, volunteer opportunities, and support services for people over age 50. • Triple ‘R’ Program: Operated at three locations within the city, the program provides adult day-care with the goal of offering “respite” to family caregivers, “recreation” for older adults, and “resources” for families and the community. • 50+ Wellness: The senior wellness program offers a multitude of exercise classes and activity camps for older adults, including a neighborhood walk program, a wellness newsletter, and an annual Olympic style athletic competition.

• Senior Adventure Camp: The last week of the season at Camp Sacramento is open only to adults age 50 and older. For five days and four nights seniors can participate in activities such as traditional arts and crafts, wellness workshops, social events, hikes, outdoor adventures, and fitness sessions.

County
Sacramento County provides senior services to county residents, which include the residents of the SOI and other areas within the Policy Area, through the Department of Health and Human Services.

The County Department of Human Services offers the following programs for elderly persons:
• Senior Nutrition Services: The Meals on Wheels program serves hot meals to the elderly.

In addition, the All Seasons Café, at 22 locations throughout the county, provides a social atmosphere where seniors can dine together (ACC 2010).
• Senior Volunteer Services: The Division offers various volunteer opportunities, including the Senior Companion Program and Gifts from the Heart Program (DHHS 2013; DHHS 2013).

The Senior and Adult Services division of the Department of Health and Human Services serves the elderly and disabled adults by providing protection from abuse, neglect, and exploitation.

Specifically, the division offers the following programs:
• Adult Protective Services (APS): APS is a State-mandated service program charged with investigating situations involving elderly and dependent adults who are reported to be in danger due to abuse, neglect, exploitation, or hazardous or unsafe living conditions(DHHS 2013a).
• In-Home Support Services (IHSS): IHSS assists aged, blind or disabled persons with daily care, including bathing, dressing, cooking, cleaning, grooming, and feeding (DHHS 2013j). • Public Administrator/Public Guardian/Public Conservator (PA/PG/PC): PA/PG/PC provides assistance for those who are no longer able to care for their personal needs or financial resources (DHHS 2013q).
• The Network of Care program is an internet-based resource designed to give elderly and disabled persons easy access to information regarding long-term care (DHHS 2013m).

Elder Abuse Prevention and Follow-up. The Sacramento County Department of Justice operates the Elder Abuse Vertical Prosecution Program, which assigns one full-time prosecutor and one half-time investigator to all felony cases of elder and dependent adult abuse (CSDA 2013).

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Youth
City
The City of Sacramento Department of Youth, Parks, & Community Enrichment offers a wide variety of programs to serve children in the city (PRD 2009; City of Sacramento 2013b). These programs include:
• 28th & B Skate and Urban Art Park: Skaters and scooter riders of all ages are provided an opportunity to ollie and grind the indoor street course consisting of quarter pipes, fun boxes, a bowl, and grind rails. Focused Sk8 Camps are offered to youth 5-18 years of age that teaches basic skateboard fundamentals as well as more technical skills for advances skaters. The Sk8 Camp gives youth another chance to meet other skaters from the region and acquire some tricks at the same time.
• Access Leisure: The year-round program offers sports, recreation, and camp opportunities for children, teens, and adults with disabilities.
• Athletics and Leagues: Youth Sports, Fitness, & Wellness offers a variety of sports programming including sports leagues, clinics and camps. These offerings focus on fundamental and skill development of the participants by providing a safe space in which to learn. Sports programming being offered includes co-ed flag football and basketball leagues. Programming is provided to 4th-6th grade elementary students along with 7th-8th grade middle school students at each of the five major community centers along with the middle school ASES program.
• Aquatics: The City’s aquatics program includes swimming lessons, swim teams, fitness programs, and a junior lifeguard program.
• Camp Sacramento: The family camp, located in the El Dorado National Forest, provides a variety of recreation and outdoor education activities in week or mini-week programs and a conference center operating from June to October.
• Cover the Kids: A county-wide planning effort to create a system that enables uninsured children to have access to affordable health care. This initiative has two primary goals. 1) to maximize enrollment in existing health coverage programs, and 2) create a new health coverage product, using local resources, for children that are uninsured but are currently ineligible for any existing health coverage program.
• 4th “R”: The 4th “R” school-age child care program is a recreation-based childcare program for children in grades TK-6, offered at 19 elementary schools throughout the Sacramento area.
• Junior Giants: The Junior Giants program is a collaborative partnership with the San Francisco Giants Major League Baseball Community Fund Organization. The Junior Giants program is a free, non-competitive and coed baseball program for youth ages 5-18.

Through this collaborative effort with the organization, families and volunteers, Junior Giants reaches into neighborhoods and offers youth a chance to learn the basics of baseball during the summer while also discovering the importance of essential life skills. • Regional Children’s Health Project: The project is a collaborative county-wide effort to outreach, enroll and retain children, who are currently eligible but not enrolled, in low cost health insurance programs.
• Sacramento START: The ASES after-school program provides academic and enrichment activities to students at 5 elementary schools in the Robla School District. • Sacramento Youth Commission: The Sacramento Youth Commission (SYC) mission is to protect, preserve, enhance & advance the quality of life for Sacramento youth by advising the City Council and the public on issues relating to youth policies, programs, and opportunities. The SYC was originally established in 1993 as an advisory body to the Council Committee on Neighborhood and Public Safety. On June, 1, 2019, ordinance 2019- 0010 codified the establishment of SYC as an advisory body and subjects SYC to the same requirements as other city boards and commissions therefore establishing the Sacramento Youth commission as the official youth voice in the city of Sacramento. • Summer @ City Hall (S@CH): The Summer @ City Hall program is a six-week summer learning experience that provides students the opportunity to learn local government processes and how to become an active member of their community. Students are supported throughout the program by credentialed teachers that deliver a curriculum focusing on civic engagement, local governmental structure and youth development. This program is an exciting way to learn how to find your inner voice and bring a youth perspective to real city issues and concerns impacting all ages. • Summer Food Service Program: The Federally-funded summer food service program provides meals to low-income youth at parks and recreation programs, apartment complexes, community centers, school sites, and other community-based organizations.

County
The County offers several services programs to its youth. Sacramento County Department of Health and Human Services operates the Child Protective Services division, which ensures the health, safety, and well-being of children.

A collaboration of the Child Abuse Prevention Council of Sacramento, the Junior League of Sacramento, and the Sacramento Children’s Home operates two Sacramento Crisis Nurseries, which offer safe, temporary homes for children whose parents are in crisis (SCH 2010). Children under age six can reside at the centers for up to 30 days while their parents receive other support services.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

The County’s Primary Health Services division operates Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), a nutrition program designed to ensure that pregnant women, new mothers, and their children eat well and remain healthy (DHHS 2013s).

The County also operates the SAFE in Sacramento program. SAFE in Sacramento is a program that helps pay for services and activities for youth who need financial assistance. The County awards grants to eligible students from participating schools for school activities (DHHS 2013r).

Child Abuse Prevention and Follow-up. Child Protective Services operates child prevention and follow-up services to ensure the health, safety and well-being of children, including the following (DHHS 2013d):
• Emergency Response: Operates a 24-hour child abuse hotline and investigates reports. • Court Services.
• Family Maintenance: The program, for families with one or more CPS referrals, is designed to reduce risks to children and strengthen the family unit. • Family Reunification: The program reconnects children in out-of-home care with their families through a variety of services and support programs. • Foster Home Licensing.
• Permanent Placement.
• Independent Living.
• Adoptions.
• Community Collaboratives: The program provides training to mandatory reporters and other community members on child abuse reporting.
• QATA: Group Home Quality Assistance and Technical Assistance Program.

Young Adults
City
The Department of Youth, Parks, & Community Enrichment Youth Division and Community Enrichment Divisions offers the following programs for young adults (PRD 2009; City of Sacramento 2013b). In addition, many young adults are eligible for the youth services described above.
• Teen Program - Access Leisure: The after-school social and recreational program is designed for youths with disabilities, ages 13-22. The program operates on high school campuses and provides activities to further the social, emotional and physical development of participants.

• Landscape & Learning Youth Employment Program: Youth ages 14-17 years who reside within the city limits of Sacramento receive paid work experience providing landscape maintenance and general clean-up in our city parks. All youth participating in this program receive specialized training in landscaping, employer expectations, teamwork, safety, customer service, and time management.
• PASSages Program: The ASES program provides after-school literacy and enrichment programs at one middle school in Sacramento at Sam Brannan. • Prime Time Teen Work Readiness Program: fun, interactive work readiness training program for young people between the ages of 13-17. Participants gain skills in job searching, resume development, completing job applications, interviewing, financial literacy, communication, leadership, teamwork, problem-solving, and community service.

All participants who meet attendance goals and participate in a youth-led community service project will receive a $300 stipend.
• Community Access: The program at Rosa Parks Middle School is an extended evening program for youth and their families that offers a place for social interaction, building family unity, and educating children and adults. The program is free and includes such activities as: cooking, sports, open game room, educational classes, and enrichment dance classes. Helping Youth Positively Excel (HYPE): The program gives high school students the opportunity to strengthen social skills, improve confidence, problem solving and decision making abilities; elevate physical and academic performance; and most of all, meet new friends, learn new skills and have fun all in a safe environment. The after school program consists of academic support (e.g., tutoring, homework assistance) as well as a variety of recreation and enrichment activities (e.g., sports and fitness, nutrition, visual and performing arts, multi-cultural activities, vocational training and life skills education, leadership development, field trips). The program operates at George Washington Carver School of Arts and Sciences.
• Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA): strengths-based, paid work experience program, for high school seniors. WIOA partners with local government, private business and the retail industry. Participants with specific barriers (ex: pregnant and/or parenting, foster youth, homeless) receive training in pre-employment skills such as resume writing, employer expectations, service learning, and navigating college campuses. The WIOA program works closely with schools and provides supportive services to students in need. Supportive services may include transportation assistance, tutoring, and counseling center referrals.

County
Sacramento County Department of Health and Human Services operates some programs for young adult residents in the county. One such program is YouthWORKS, an after-school program offering homework and tutoring support, life skills education, and recreational opportunities. The

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

program is currently offered at Oak Park Community Center, Hiram Johnson High School, and McClatchy High School (DHHS 2013t).

Homeless and Emergency Shelter Services
While the Sacramento County Department of Human Assistance (DHA) has historically administered the community’s Continuum of Care (CoC) and homeless programs, a collaborative effort by numerous stakeholders transitioned the management of these programs to the non-profit organization Sacramento Steps Forward (SSF) in 2011.

Every two years, SSF administers a point in time (PIT) Count, an extensive community effort to document every individual in the county experiencing homelessness during a twenty-four-hour period within Sacramento County. The PIT Count provides the Sacramento Homeless CoC and the community with a snapshot of how many people may be experiencing homelessness on any given night. As shown in Table 5-28, the most recent PIT count of the homeless population on January 30, 2019 counted 5,570 homeless people in Sacramento County (SSF 2019).

Table 5-28: Persons Without Permanent Housing
Living Situation Number of People
Sheltered (e.g., transitional housing,
emergency shelter) 1670
Without shelter (sleeping in public or
outdoor spaces) 3900
Total 5570
Source: Sacramento Steps Forward, Sacramento Point In Time Count 2019, January 30, 2019.

Existing Services
The 2018 Sacramento County No Place Like Home (NPLH) Homeless Plan set out the following guiding principles for addressing homelessness in the County: prevent people from becoming homeless; improve response to the street crisis and improve quality of life; expand and improve shelter and interim housing; expand targeted permanent housing; leverage and coordinate mainstream and other resources; and strengthen system leadership and accountability.

Within the Sacramento Continuum of Care, homeless services are led and administered collaboratively between Sacramento County, the City of Sacramento, the non-profit organization Sacramento Steps Forward, the Sacramento Housing Redevelopment Agency, and other community partners and agencies.

County of Sacramento. The County of Sacramento provides a wide range of services and resources for people experiencing homelessness in the County. Efforts are coordinated through the Office of the County Executive and the Director of Homeless Initiatives, Department of Human Assistance and the Department of Health Services, though many other departments contribute towards administering these services and mitigating impacts on communities. In FY 2017-2018, the County pledged additional yearly resources towards new programs to address homelessness, such as expanded mental health care services, case management services and outreach targeted towards youth at-risk of becoming homeless, expanded substance use disorder services towards people

experiencing Between 2017 and 2018, at least 2600 homeless individuals and families used County shelter beds, and thousands more received housing vouchers and assistance through the DHA. (County of Sacramento Homeless Plan, 2018)
City of Sacramento. The Office of the City Manager’s Homeless Coordination division oversees the investment of federal, state, and municipal resources towards helping people experiencing homelessness, and coordinates between multiple departments and agencies, such as Sacramento Steps Forward and the Sacramento Housing and Redevelopment Agency, to operate a range of homeless-oriented services and programs, including: the creation and operation of triage shelters, navigation centers, and re-housing services; maintenance of clean streets, public restrooms, and areas of encampment; mental health and behavioral health services; law enforcement outreach towards persons experiencing homelessness; and animal care services to support the pets of shelter clients. In 2017, the Sacramento Mayor’s Office set a goal of housing 2,000 people experiencing homelessness by 2020.

Sacramento Steps Forward (SSF). SSF is 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that serves as the lead agency in Sacramento County Continuum of Care responsible for overseeing region-wide efforts to prevent and solve homelessness. SSF manages funds from U.S. Housing and Urban Development (HUD), statewide, and local funds to provide shelter, housing, and services to people experiencing homelessness.

Sacramento Housing and Redevelopment Agency (SHRA). SHRA is the primary housing agency acting on behalf of both the County and the City of Sacramento. SHRA administers several major housing programs to finance affordable housing for people experiencing homelessness and other populations, such as emergency shelters, public housing, and re-housing services.

SAC PD IMPACT Team. IMPACT is a collaborative program of social service and law enforcement systems. The IMPACT team provides outreach, mental health, and engagement services to people experiencing homelessness throughout the City of Sacramento.

Pathways to Health + Home. Pathways to Health + Home is a four-year pilot incentive program authorized by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid through the Medi-Cal 2020 Waiver and administered by the California Department of Health Care Services. As a “Whole Person Care” program, services are aimed at improving the health, quality of life, and housing stability for individuals experiencing homelessness through an integrated system of care. The organization’s team of outreach “navigators” targets the highest users of emergency-room care and guides them on a path toward permanent, supportive housing. As of February 2020, 526 participants have been placed in permanent or transitional housing through the program. (City of Sacramento Mayor’s Office, 2020)2
Community-Based Organizations. The City supports a variety of non-government organizations that provide services, shelter, and advocacy for homeless and low-income populations in Sacramento, including the Sacramento Housing Alliance, Sacramento Regional Coalition to End 2City of Sacramento Mayor’s Office. 2020. Retrieved from https://engagesac.org/blog-civic-engagement/2020/2/3/morethan-500-homeless-people-housed-through-sacramentos-whole-person-care-program

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Homelessness, Sacramento Homeless Organizing Committee, Loaves and Fishes, Francis House, Sacramento Cottage Housing, Union Gospel Mission, Volunteers of America, Wellspring, the Salvation Army, and Area Congregations Together, a multi-denominational faith-based coalition.

Housing
Every year SSF submits a Housing Inventory Count to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. In 2019, the City of Sacramento’s CoC housing inventory included:3 • 682 Transitional Housing beds,
• 931 Emergency Housing beds
• 3290 Permanent Supportive Housing beds
• 533 Other Permanent Housing beds
• 731 Rapid Re-Housing beds
As of 2018, bed designation was split almost evenly between family and individual use.4 (SSF, 2018) Between 2017 and 2018, the City added housing capacity through the creation of a Winter Triage program, which offers low-barrier temporary shelters and re-housing services for unsheltered persons during four months in the winter. In 2018, SHRA provided monthly rental assistance to an estimated 12,397 families through HUD vouchers, and awarded $4.5 million through the Shelter Plus Care program to serve 567 homeless, disabled individuals and families. (SHRA, 2018)5 Rehousing shelters assist people experiencing homelessness who typically do not or cannot access traditional shelters. They are considered “low-barrier,” meaning people can come in with their partners, pets and possessions. Case managers help residents stabilize and transition into more permanent housing. The City operated a rehousing shelter on Railroad Drive from 2017 to 2019. It partnered with Sacramento Housing and Development Agency and opened a new shelter in downtown Sacramento at the Capitol Park Hotel in September 2019. The City also is working to develop rehousing shelters in the Meadowview neighborhood and on Alhambra Boulevard near Broadway.
3Sacramento Steps Forward. 2019. HDX Competition Report. Retrieved from https://sacramentostepsforward.org/wpcontent/uploads/2020/01/FY-2019-HUD-HDX-Sys-PM-Report.pdf 4 HUD 2018 Continuum of Care Homeless Assistance Programs. 2018. Retrieved from https://sacramentostepsforward.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/CoC_HIC_CoC_CA-503-2018_CA_2018.pdf 5 Sacramento Regional Housing Association. 2018. Comprehensive Annual Financial Report. Retrieved from https://www.shra.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/SHRA-CAFR-Final-6-28-19.pdf

The Mather Community Campus, operated by the Sacramento County DHA, is located East of the City in Mather, California, and provides transitional housing and job training programs to individuals, families, and former foster youth.

General Assistance
The Sacramento County Department of Human Assistance administers the General Assistance program, providing short-term cash and social services to needy individuals who are not eligible for assistance under other aid programs.

The California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKS), also known as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TENF), provides cash assistance to families with dependent children. Eligible families receive cash payments, job training, childcare, healthcare, and housing assistance, with the goal of enabling families to become self-sufficient. Recipients are determined eligible based on their level of deprivation, age, property, and residency. Families who are homeless who are eligible for CalWORKS can apply for Temporary Homeless Assistance/Permanent Homeless Assistance, or the Housing Support Program which provides interim housing payments and case management services. As of 2018, 32,000 families in Sacramento County were receiving CalWORKS financial assistance. (Sacramento NPLH Homeless Plan, 2018)
CalFresh, formerly known as food stamps or SNAP, provides benefits for healthy food at grocery stores for individuals and families in need. Homeless individuals are able to spend their CalFresh benefits at participating restaurants.

Women Infant Children (WIC) Assistance is a federally funded program that provides free healthy food, nutrition education, referrals to community services, and breastfeeding information and support to low and medium-income pregnant and nursing women. In 2019, 22,769 participants benefited from WIC assistance. (Sac County DHS, 2019)6
Health Care
The Affordable Care Act requires most people to have healthcare coverage. Most homeless individuals are eligible to receive public health insurance through Medi-Cal, which covers individuals aged 64 and over, and in 2014 was expanded to include individuals aged 19-64 who are at or below 138% of the National Poverty Line.

As a last resort, the homeless and indigent population who do not qualify for or do not have MediCal insurance can receive medical services via the County Medically Indigent Services Program (CMISP). CMISP participants have access to medical services, emergency dental services, and pharmacy services at the Primary Care Center Clinic at 4600 Broadway (DHHS 2013e). 6Sacramento NPLH Homeless Plan. 2018. Retrieved from
https://dhs.saccounty.net/PRI/Documents/WIC/WIC%20Report%202019_FINAL.pdf

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

The Sacramento County Department of Health Services delivers services to Sacramento County residents, and homeless individuals who are eligible for specialized services. DHS operates through three primary branches:
• Behavioral Health Services. BHS provides inpatient, outpatient, case management, prevention, and residential healthcare services related to chronic behavioral health issues, mainly mental health and substance use disorders. Homeless individuals are disproportionately burdened with mental health problems; 10% of people served by BHS mental health programs between 2017-2018 identified as homeless (efforts have been made to collect data more accurately on the homeless and at-risk populations). Several of the BHS mental health programs are partnerships between criminal justice, collaborative courts, and child welfare services.
- BHS offers alcohol and drug treatment and prevention services, contracted through community-based service providers in the County. Services include outpatient treatment, methadone treatment, day treatment, detoxification, residential services, and perinatal services. Pre-treatment services including assessment, short-term counseling and group services with professional counselors are available at schools and neighborhood centers (DHS 2013o).
- The Options for Recovery program provides services to pregnant or parenting women including case management, outpatient treatment, intensive day treatment, residential treatment, and transitional housing (DHS 2013n). Services are also provided via courtrelated programs funded and delivered by the County including the Substance Abuse Crime Prevention Act, Adult Criminal Drug Court, Dependency Drug Court, Drug Diversion, Driving Under the Influence, Jail Treatment for Women, and Parolee Network Services (DHS 2013f).
- In 2018, Sacramento voted to opt in to the Medi-Cal Drug Medi-Cal Organized Delivery System waiver, which expands Medi-Cal services to include treatment for drug and alcohol use disorders. Patients can receive residential treatment, case management, inpatient, outpatient, and recovery and group counseling services related to substance use disorders using Medi-Cal benefits, thus expanding substance use treatment to a much wider range of low-income individuals. • Primary Health. DHS Primary Health oversees the Sacramento County Medi-Cal Managed Care Advisory Committee, a group comprised of stakeholders in the healthcare system, insurance providers, advocates, beneficiaries, and county experts. Sacramento Medi-Cal contracts with five commercial health plans to create a network of primary and preventative care. The Medi-Cal Managed Care Advisory Committee’s Care Coordination Work Group has been focused on identifying high users of services, including members who are homeless. One solution that the County has been testing is the pilot Pathways to Health + Home program, a Medi-Cal waiver which offers extensive services to high system users in order to provide support, change behaviors, and set individuals on a pathway towards health and housing stability.

- There are seven Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) for low-income and homeless individuals and families in Sacramento. FQHCs offer outreach by public health nurses, healthcare navigation services, and Tuberculosis testing. • Public Health. The Sacramento County Public Health department focuses on disease control and prevention. The department partners with community programs to provide services to people experiencing homelessness such as immunization vaccines for hepatitis A and influenza at shelter clinics, tuberculosis screening and quarantine, outbreak prevention through sanitation and public education, and drug treatment for homeless individuals who use opioids.

Facilities
There are four County DHS offices in the City where individuals can apply for benefits, located at 2450 Florin Road, 10013 Folsom Blvd., Suite 1, 3960 Research Drive, 2700 Fulton Avenue, and two more offices in the County. Individuals can also apply for benefits online at www.mybenefitscalwin.org.

REGULATORY CONTEXT
Federal
The US Department of Housing and Urban Development awards federal funding for homeless services. The Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH) Act of 2009 amended the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, consolidating HUD programs into the current Continuum of Care grant model. The law codified HUD’s role in approving planning efforts and programs in CoC applications for funding. The HEARTH Act also renamed the Emergency Shelters Grant to the Emergency Solutions Grant, reflecting the change to a long-term approach that prioritizes setting homeless individuals on a pathway to permanent housing, rather than focusing only on emergency temporary housing.

The passage of the 2014 Affordable Care Act significantly expanded Medi-Cal coverage to more people of low-income groups.

State
In recent years both the State and County have adopted a much more aggressive “whatever it takes” approach towards solving homelessness, resulting in significant investments in programs that benefit City residents. (Sacramento NPLH Homeless Plan, 2018) The passage of SB-82, Investment in Mental Health Wellness Act (MHSA), has funded the expansion of robust comprehensive mental health services and drug and alcohol services through Medi-Cal. Many of the MHSA-Approved programs in the County and City have focused on pairing mental healthcare with permanent or temporary housing and intensive services to address root causes of homelessness and send individuals on a pathway towards permanent housing.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

State of California law SB-1000 requires that cities address environmental justice in their General Plans. Doing so will provide better human services, as well as City infrastructure, to populations who are most in need of City programming.

Local
The Sacramento City Code incentivizes housing for homeless individuals by exempting such buildings from development fees in section 18.56.440. Chapter 18.20 lists protections for very lowincome tenants who are displaced and likely to become homeless when residential hotels are demolished in the city, stating that the SHRA will assist in finding new housing.

5.9 Findings

POLICE PROTECTION
• The SPD provides police protection services within the city boundaries. In addition, the Sacramento County Sheriff’s Department provides police protection services to areas outside of the city but within the Policy Area. Jail facilities in the Policy Area include the Sacramento County Main Jail and the Rio Cosumnes Correctional Center, both operated by the Sheriff’s Department. The SPD uses the Main Jail. • As more growth occurs near the north and south borders of the city and traffic congestion increases, the SPD has indicated new, decentralized facilities will be required to maintain adequate response times. SPD has identified the need for a permanent facility in the downtown core and two new substations in the Meadowview/Valley Hi/Delta Shores area and Natomas area.
• In 2018, there were 308,134 citizen-initiated calls for service and 14,077 arrests. The SPD had a median response time of nine minutes and forty-two seconds for Priority 2 calls(SPD CAU 2019).
• Between years 2017 and 2018, crime increased by 3.79% in the categories that are reported under UCR. There was a significant increase in Property Crimes, particularly in larceny and motor vehicle theft (SPD CAU 2019).

FIRE PROTECTION
• The SFD provides fire protection services to the entire city, and small areas within Sacramento County that include the Pacific/Fruitridge and Natomas Fire Protection Districts.
• SFD has a goal to have its first responding company, which provides for fire suppression and paramedic services, arrive within 4 minutes.

• SFD has indicated plans for new fire stations at Delta Shores, the Railyards, and Metro Air Park, as well as the possible re-opening of Station 99 (formerly Station 9) (Tunson, pers. comm. 2019).

PARKS AND RECREATION
• The city currently (2019) contains 249 developed and undeveloped park sites, 115 miles of road shared-use paths and trails, 21 lakes/ponds or beaches, over 27 aquatic facilities, and extensive recreation facilities in the City parks. The 249 parks total 3,141 acres. • Sacramento’s citywide/regionally serving park service goal is to provide 8.0 acres per 1,000 persons, according to the City’s Parks and Recreation Master Plan. The City currently (2019) provides approximately 3.1 acres per 1,000 residents. The Parks and Recreation Master Plan identifies specific areas that are underserved for citywide/regionally serving facilities. These areas include:
- Meadowview and riverfront areas in Central Sacramento - Valley Hi and North Laguna areas of South Sacramento
- Robla and Valley View areas of North Sacramento.
• Sacramento’s existing neighborhood and community park service goal is five acres per 1,000 persons according to the City’s Parks and Recreation Master Plan. The City currently (2019) provides approximately 4.6 acres per 1,000 persons. The Parks and Recreation Master Plan identifies the following areas as currently being underserved for neighborhood and community parks:
- Land Park
- East Sacramento
- Central City
- Arden Arcade
- Pocket
- Fruitridge Broadway
- The City currently achieves a service level of 1.4 acres per 1,000 residents for neighborhood serving parks and 1.7 acres per 1,000 residents for community serving parks. The City’s Parks and Recreation Master Plan has a trails/shared-use paths goal of 0.5 miles per 1,000 persons. The City currently provides 0.2 miles per 1,000 residents.

CIVIC AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES
• The City and County of Sacramento, in collaboration with a variety of community-based organizations, provide a range of civic and community facilities, services, and programs to residents of the greater Sacramento region. These facilities include museums and performing and visual arts facilities.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

LIBRARIES
• The SPL provides a variety of library services to residents of both the City and County of Sacramento. The SPL currently (2019) operates 28 existing library facilities and a bookmobile. In 2019, the library maintains approximately 0.57 square feet of library space per capita, and 1.75 library volumes per capita. The 2007-2025 Facility Master Plan establishes thresholds, targets, and prime goals for library standards. Overall SPL exceeded the thresholds and target goals for library space per capita, and met the threshold for library volumes per capita.
• Eight new libraries are currently planned for construction in the City and County of Sacramento by 2025. One library facility is planned for construction at 65th Street and Folsom Boulevard. In addition, SPL expects to expand, renovate, or relocate many existing libraries in the City and County of Sacramento by 2025.

SCHOOLS
• The Policy Area is served by six school districts providing public elementary, middle school, and high school opportunities. These school districts include Sacramento City Unified School District, Twin Rivers Unified School District, San Juan Unified School District, Robla School District, Natomas Unified School District, and Elk Grove Unified School District.
• Fifteen of the 83 schools within Sacramento City Unified School District are overcrowded. • Twin Rivers Unified School District, Natomas Unified School District, and San Juan Unified School District each have one school within the Policy Area that is above capacity as of 2018.
• Elk Grove Unified School District has three schools within the Policy Area that are above capacity (2018).
• All schools within the Robla School District have available capacity (2018.

HEALTH FACILITIES
• Public health services are primarily provided by Sacramento County departments, often in conjunction with other agencies, and private and non-profit organizations. • Seven major private hospitals serve residents of the Policy Area. These include Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center, Mercy General Hospital, Methodist Hospital, Shriner’s Hospital, Sutter Medical Center, and UC Davis Medical Center. • Mental health services in the Policy Area are provided by the Sacramento County Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Behavioral Health Services and several other privately owned and operated facilities.

HUMAN SERVICES
• Both the City and County offer services and programs to the youth, young adult, and senior populations. The demand for human services will continue to increase as the region grows. • The Sacramento County Department of Human Assistance and community-based organizations offer various programs and services as well as emergency shelters and other facilities to the homeless and indigent populations of the area. Sacramento Steps Forward conducted a point-in-time count of the homeless population on January 30, 2019 counted 5,570 homeless people in Sacramento County.
• Recent City efforts to address homelessness include partnering with the Sacramento Housing and Development Agency to open a new shelter in downtown Sacramento at the Capitol Park Hotel in September 2019. and the placing of over 500 participants in the comprehensive pilot program Pathways to Health + Home as of February 2020. The City also is working to develop rehousing shelters in the Meadowview neighborhood and on Alhambra Boulevard near Broadway.
• The Sacramento County Department of Health and Human Services contracts with community-based service providers for substance abuse services. 6 Environmental Resources
This chapter describes the existing conditions of the environmental resources within the Policy Area, including: agricultural resources, biological resources, water resources and water quality, cultural and historical resources, mineral resources, air quality, greenhouse gases, and scenic resources.

6.1 Agricultural Resources

INTRODUCTION
This section describes the existing conditions of the agricultural resources within and adjacent to the Policy Area. It is based on information from the California Department of Conservation Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program (FMMP), aerial photographs of the city, and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Soil Survey.

EXISTING CONDITIONS
Citywide
Existing Agriculture
The city of Sacramento is built upon soil that is among the most fertile in California. As the city has grown, agricultural lands have been converted to non-agricultural uses. Today, the city of Sacramento is mostly urbanized, with limited amounts of active commercial agricultural lands remaining that support large-scale operations. Remaining agricultural land and commercial agricultural activity within the city limits are located in the southern and northern areas of the city, within the South Area and North Natomas Community Plan areas, respectively (see Figure 6-1).

Community Gardens. The City of Sacramento Department of Youth, Parks, and Community Enrichment (YPCE) operates 16 permanent community gardens (Table 6-1). These gardens provide residents of the Policy Areas with opportunities to garden. Locations of these community gardens are depicted in Figure 6-2.

Prime Farmland
Farmland of Local Importance
Farmland of Statewide Importance
Unique Farmland
Grazing Land
Other Land
Urban and Built Up Land
Water
Sacramento City Limit
Sphere of Influence
Water
Light Rail
Station
Blue Line
Blue/Gold Line
Gold Line
Green Line
Proposed Green Line Extension
Source: City of Sacramento Community Development Department, 2018; CA Dept. of Conversation (FMMP Program) 2018 Z:\Projects\j1149901\MAPDOC\TBR\Section 6 Env Resources\Figure6-1_FMMP.mxd 0 0.5 1 2 Mile
Figure 6-1
Important Farmlands
Watt/I-80
Watt/I-80 West
Roseville Road
Marconi/Arcade
Royal
Oaks
Arden/Del Paso
Globe Avenue
16th Street
23rd
Street 29th
Street
39th
Street 48th
Street
59th
Street
University/
65th Street
Power Inn
College
Greens
Watt/Manlove
Starfire
Tiber
Butterfield
Broadway (& 19th)
4th Ave./
Wayne Hultgren
City College
Fruitridge
47th Avenue
Florin
Meadowview
Swanston
Airport
Station
Club Center Dr/
N. Village Center
North Natomas
Town Center
East Town Center
Arco Arena
Arena
Blvd.

Gateway Park/
Market Place San Juan Rd.

Pebblestone Way
W. El Camino Ave.

Richards
Blvd.

Franklin
Blvd.

Cosumnes River
Center Parkway
Morrison Creek
Railyards
Twin
Rivers
Bill Bean Jr.

Park Community
Garden.

Danny Nunn Park
Community Garden
Camellia Park
Community
Garden
Martin Luther
King Jr.

Community Garden
Southside Park
Community Garden
Sparrow
Community
Garden
Strauch Park
Community
Garden
Valley Hi Park
Community Garden
Elmhurst-Med Center
Community Garden
Ninos
Community
Garden
Wild Rose Park
Community Garden
Sojourner
Truth Park
Community Gardens
Sacramento City Limit
Sphere of Influence
Policy Area
Water
Light Rail
Station
Blue Line
Blue/Gold Line
Gold Line
Green Line
Proposed Green Line Extension
Source: City of Sacramento Commmunity Development Department, 2018; City of Sacramento Parks and Recreation, 2020 Z:\Projects\j1149901\MAPDOC\TBR\Section 6 Env Resources\Figure6-2_CommunityGardens.mxd 0 0.5 1 2 Mile
Alkali Flat/
La Valentina
12th & I
Cathedral
Square
St. Rose of
Lima Park
- 9th & K St. Rose of Lima Park
- 7th & K
7th & Capitol
8th & Capitol
Archives Plaza
(Eastbound)
Archives Plaza
(Northbound) 8th & O
(Eastbound)
8th & O
(Northbound)
13th Street
16th Street
Sacramento Valley
7th & I St/
County Center
8th & K St
Cathedral
Square
8th & H St/
County Center
Freemont
Community
Garden
J. Neely Johnson Park
Community Garden
Zapata Park
Community
Garden
Brooks Truitt Community Garden
J ST
3RD ST
10TH ST
9TH ST
5TH ST
N ST
L ST
Figure 6-2
Existing Community Gardens

California Department of Conservation Important Farmland Classifications The California Department of Conservation Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program (FMMP) combine technical soils ratings and current land use information to create an inventory of Important Farmland. Information on soils is primarily taken from the U.S. Department of Agriculture soil surveys. The California Department of Conservation divides Important Farmland into four categories: (1) Prime Farmland, (2) Farmland of Statewide Importance, (3) Unique Farmland, and (4) Farmland of Local Importance. According to the 2016 FMMP maps, the Policy Area contains 279 acres of Prime Farmland, 9 acres of Farmland of Statewide Importance, 1 acre of Unique Farmland, and 4,571 acres of Farmland of Local Importance, for a total of 4,860 acres in the Policy Area. The FMMP classification is based on multiple factors, including soil type, the type of crop produced, agricultural zoning, and potential for irrigation. Important Farmland in the Table 6-1: Community Gardens within the Policy Area
Name Location
Approximate
Number of Plots
Fremont Community Garden 14th and Q Street 50
J. Neely Johnson Park Community
Garden 516 11th Street in downtown 10
Danny Nunn Park Community Garden 6920 Power Inn Road in South Sacramento 20
Southside Park Community Garden 5th Street near W Street in downtown 40 Bill Bean Jr. Park Community Garden 7400 17th Avenue in south Sacramento 34 Brooks Truitt Community Garden 1818 Q Street in midtown 31 Camellia Park Community Garden 6650 Cougar Drive in south Sacramento 6 Elmhurst-Med Center Community
Garden 2375 49th Street in central Sacramento 10
Ninos Community Garden Northfield Drive at Ninos Parkway in south Natomas 40
Wild Rose Park Community Garden 5200 Kankakee Drive in north Natomas 20 Martin Luther King Jr. Community
Garden 3668 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard 41
Strauch Park Community Garden 3075 Northstead Drive in south Natomas 24
Sojourner Truth Park 7365 Gloria Drive 26
Sparrow Community Garden 3219 Sparrow Drive in north Natomas 14 Valley Hi Park Community Garden 8185 Center Parkway in south Sacramento 22
Zapata Park Community Garden 905 E Street in downtown 14 Source: City of Sacramento 2018.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Policy Area is shown on Figure 6-1. Important Farmland category definitions and Farmland acreages within the Policy Area are shown in Table 6-2.

Soils
The NRCS has mapped over 30 individual soil units in the Policy Area (see Figure 7-1 in section

7.1, Geological and Seismic Hazards). The predominant soil units in the Policy Area are the San Table 6-2: Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program Farmland Classifications within the Policy Area
Land
Classification Definition
Acres within
Policy Area
Prime
Farmland
Prime Farmland generally consists of Class I and II soils. They have the soil quality, growing season, and moisture supply needed to produce sustained high yields of crops when treated and managed, including water management, according to current farming methods. 279
Farmland of
Statewide
Importance
Similar to Prime Farmland but with some minor differences, such as greater slopes or less ability to store soil moisture. The land must have been used for irrigated agricultural production some time during the four years prior to the mapping date.
9 Unique
Farmland
Farmland that is not classified as prime or of statewide importance, which produces one of California’s 40 leading economic crops, such as grapes, artichokes, avocados, and dates. Soil characteristics and irrigation are not considered.
1 Farmland of
Local
Importance
Land other than Unique Farmland, which may be important to the local economy due to its productivity or value. Determined by each county’s board of supervisors and a local advisory committee. 4,571
Grazing Land Land on which the existing vegetation is suited to the grazing of livestock. The minimum mapping unit for Grazing Land is 40 acres. 978 Urban and
Built-up Land
Land occupied by structures with a building density of at least 1 unit to 1.5 acres, or approximately 6 structures to a 10-acre parcel.

Common examples include residential, industrial, commercial, institutional facilities, cemeteries, airports, golf courses, sanitary landfills, sewage treatment, and water control structures. 54,149
Other Land
Land not included in any other mapping category. Examples of land classified as Other Land include low density rural developments; timber, wetland, and riparian areas not suitable for livestock grazing; confined livestock, poultry or aquaculture facilities; strip mines, borrow pits; and water bodies smaller than forty acres. Vacant and nonagricultural land surrounded on all sides by urban development and greater than 40 acres is also mapped as Other Land. 4,416
Total 64,403a
Note: a Total does not include acreage of water in the Policy Area.

Source: California Department of Conservation 2016.

Joaquin, Clear Lake, Galt, Cosumnes, and Sailboat soils, which account for over 60 percent of the total land area. The remaining soil units each account for only a few percent or less of the total. The San Joaquin soils are generally present in the eastern and southeastern part of the Policy Area; Clear Lake and Cosumnes soils occur in the northern part of the Policy Area; and Galt soils are in the southwestern part of the Policy Area, in an area generally bounded by Interstate-5 and State Route

99. Sailboat soils occur along the American and Sacramento rivers.

Capability Rating. There are several methods for classifying soil quality for agricultural uses. One method involves a soil capability rating provided by the NRCS. Capability ratings indicate, in a general way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops. The classes are developed according to the limitation of the soils when used for field crops, the risk of damage when they are used, and the way they respond to treatment. The broadest capability groups are designated by Roman numerals I through VIII. Prime Farmland, which comprises approximately 279 acres in the Policy Area, usually consists of Class I and Class II soils.

Storie Index Rating. The NRCS has identified and mapped soils in Sacramento County in the Sacramento County Soil Survey and rated suitability of soils for agriculture using the Storie Index.

This index expresses numerically the relative degree of suitability of a soil for general intensive agriculture. The rating is based on soil characteristics only and is obtained by evaluating such factors as soil depth, surface texture, subsoil characteristics, drainage, salts and alkali, and relief.

Williamson Act Contracts
The California Land Conservation Act of 1965 (commonly referred to as the Williamson Act) enables local governments to enter into contracts with private landowners for the purpose of restricting specific parcels of land to agricultural or related open space use. The Williamson Act is described in detail below in the Regulatory Setting. As shown on Figure 6-3, there are twenty parcels within the Policy Area under Williamson Act contracts. Eighteen of these parcels lie entirely within the Policy Area. These parcels are comprised of having three different statuses: active, cancellation, and non-renewal. The Policy Area contains 13 parcels under cancellation, and five in non-renewal status.

Adjacent Lands
Lands adjacent to the Policy Area are among the most productive agricultural regions in California.

The area south of the Policy Area and extending into the Delta and the area west of Policy Area and extending towards the city of Davis are productive regions for such crops as tomatoes, pears, sugar beets, and alfalfa. The land to the east of the Policy Area is less suitable for crop production, but is well-suited for grazing livestock. Lands to the north of the Policy Area are productive sources of rice, grains, fruits, and other field crops. Agriculture, including fruit and vegetable processing and shipping, comprises a significant portion of the region's income and employment. Rice, tomatoes, wine grapes, prunes, peaches, almonds, and walnuts are among the more lucrative crops.

Williamson Act Parcels
Active
Active Nonrenewal
Sacramento City Limit
Sphere of Influence
Policy Area
Water
Light Rail
Station
Blue Line
Blue/Gold Line
Gold Line
Green Line
Proposed Green Line Extension
Source: City of Sacramento Community Development Department, 2018; Sacramento County, 2020 Z:\Projects\j1149901\MAPDOC\TBR\Section 6 Env Resources\Figure6-3_WilliamsonAct.mxd 0 0.5 1 2 Mile
Figure 6-3
Williamson Act Lands

REGULATORY CONTEXT
Federal
Farmland Protection Policy Act
The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), a federal agency within the U.S. Department of Agriculture, is the agency primarily responsible for the implementation of the Farmland Protection Policy Act (FPPA).

The FPPA also established the Farmland Protection Program (FPP) and the Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA). The LESA system ranks lands for suitability and inclusion in the FPP.

LESA evaluates several factors, including soil potential for agricultural uses, location, market access, and adjacent land uses. The LESA system has spawned many variations, including the California LESA model, which is used in California’s Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program.

State
California Code of Regulations, Title 3: Food and Agriculture The California Code of Regulations, Title 3, sections 6000-6920 regulate the registration, management, use, and application of pesticides on agricultural lands. These regulations are enforced by the Sacramento County Agricultural Commissioner’s office. Specific regulations tend to vary for each pesticide, its method of application, and use. However, sections 6600 and 6614 have some general regulations relating to the application of pesticide. Section 6600 describes the standards of care that shall be used when applying pesticides. Standards include using equipment that is in good condition, performing pest control in a careful manner, properly applying pesticides, and exercising reasonable precautions to avoid contamination of the environment. Section 6614 requires that non-target crops, animals, or public or private property shall not be damaged by pesticide application.

Additionally, Sections 3482.5 and 3482.6 protect the right-to-farm in California by stating that agricultural activity and operations are not considered a nuisance due to any changed condition in or about the locality, after it has been in continuous operation for more than three years if it was not a nuisance at the time it began. Section 3482.6 does not preclude a City, County, or other political subdivision of this state, acting within its constitutional or statutory authority and not in conflict with other provisions of State law, from adopting an ordinance that allows notification to a prospective homeowner that the dwelling is in close proximity to an agricultural processing activity, operation, facility, or appurtenances. Many jurisdictions that have active agricultural activities do adopt local right-to-farm ordinances.

Williamson Act
The California Land Conservation Act of 1965 (or Williamson Act) (California Government Code section 51200) recognizes the importance of agricultural land as an economic resource that is vital to the general welfare of society. The enacting legislation declares that the preservation of a

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

maximum amount of the limited supply of agricultural land is necessary to the conservation of the state’s economic resources, and is necessary not only to the maintenance of the agricultural economy of the state, but also for the assurance of adequate, healthful, and nutritious food for future residents of the state and the nation.

Intended to assist the long-term preservation of prime agricultural land in the state, Williamson Act contracts provide the agricultural landowner with a protection against property tax increases in exchange for keeping the land in agricultural use. When under contract, the landowner no longer pays property tax for an assessed valuation based upon the property’s urban development potential.

The Williamson Act stipulates that, for properties under contract, “the highest and best use of such land during the life of the contract is for agricultural uses.” Therefore, property under a contract is assessed and taxed based upon its agricultural value.

The Open Space Subvention Act (OSSA) was enacted on January 1, 1972 (Government Code section 16140 et seq.) to provide for the partial replacement of local property tax revenue foregone by local jurisdictions as a result of participation in the Williamson Act. OSSA authorized participating local governments to receive annual payment on the basis of the number of acres and quality based on soil type and agricultural productivity (California Department of Conservation 2018a). Since 2009, State budget conditions have constrained the funds available for OSSA payments, including complete elimination of OSSA funds from the 2011 and 2012 State budgets.

Williamson Act contracts remain in effect for 10 years unless the property owner files for a notice of non-renewal with the County (California Department of Conservation 2018b).

The Williamson Act also addresses “compatible” uses. In section 51231, the Williamson Act states that “the board or council, by resolution, shall adopt rules governing the administration of agricultural preserves…Rules related to compatible uses shall be consistent with the provisions of section 51238.1.” Section 51238.1 states the following:
a. Uses approved on contracted lands shall be consistent with all of the following principles of compatibility:

1. The use will not significantly compromise the long-term productive agricultural capability of the subject contracted parcel or parcels or on other contracted lands in agricultural preserves.

2. The use will not significantly displace or impair current or reasonably foreseeable agricultural operations on the subject contracted parcel or parcels or on other contracted lands in agricultural preserves. Uses that significantly displace agricultural operations on the subject contracted parcel or parcels may be deemed compatible if they relate directly to the production of commercial agricultural products on the subject contracted parcel or parcels or neighboring lands, including activities such as harvesting, processing, or shipping.

3. The use will not result in the significant removal of adjacent contracted land from agricultural or open-space use.

Local
City of Sacramento Planning and Development Code
The City of Sacramento Planning and Development Code (Sacramento City Code Title 17) is intended to encourage the most appropriate use of land, , provide adequate open space for recreational, aesthetic, and environmental amenities, and control the distribution of population to promote health, safety, and the general welfare of the population of the city. To achieve this goal, the Planning and Development Code regulates the use of land, buildings, or other structures for residences, commerce, industry, and other uses required by the community. The City’s two agriculture-open space zoning classifications are defined below. • A: Agricultural Zone: This is an agricultural zone restricting the use of land primarily to agriculture and farming. It is also considered an open space zone. Property in this zone will be considered for reclassification when proposed for urban development which is consistent with the general plan.
• A-OS: Agriculture-Open Space Zone: This is an exclusive agricultural zone designed for the long-term preservation of agricultural and open space land. This zone is designated to prevent the premature development of land in this category to urban uses. The maximum building height is 50 feet.

Within the Policy Area there are 2,072 acres zoned as Agricultural (A) and 2,189 acres zoned as Agriculture-Open Space (A-OS).

The Urban Agriculture Ordinance was adopted by the Sacramento City Council on March 24, 2015.

This allowed small-scale urban agriculture as the primary land use in most zones. The Urban Agriculture Ordinance also included a number of development and operational standards, including:
• “Market garden” allowed as a primary land use. This refers to the primary use of a site for cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, fiber, nuts, seeds, or culinary herbs for sale or donation of its produce to the public, in a zone other than an A or A-OS. • The allowable size of “community garden, private” is increased. • Onsite urban agriculture stands up to 120 square feet are allowed on the site of an urban agriculture use by right in most zones. Product sales at urban agriculture stands are limited to produce and value-added product grown on site.
• Aquaculture operations are allowed as an accessory use in residential zones, and as primary uses in non-residential zones, subject to the regulations of the underlying zone (City of Sacramento 2015a).

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

City of Sacramento 2035 General Plan
The City’s 2035 General Plan included goals and policies related to urban agriculture in the Environmental Resources Element (City of Sacramento 2015b) and the Land Use and Urban Design Element (City of Sacramento 2015c). These include:
• Goal ER 4.1 (Urban Agriculture and Access to Locally Grown Foods): Expand urban agriculture and food production and increase the distribution and sale of locally grown fresh food.
- Policy ER 4.1.1 (Community and Rooftop Gardens): The City shall provide incentives for developers to include community gardens and rooftop gardens in new development projects.
- Policy ER 4.1.2 (Local Food Production, Distribution, and Sale): The City shall promote urban agriculture with zoning provisions that support means for production, distribution, and sale of locally grown foods, such as market gardens, farmer’s markets, community markets, and farm stands, particularly in areas that have vacant or underutilized land.
• Goal LU 8.2 (Special Uses): Provide for the development of Special Uses (e.g., assembly facilities, live-work studios, and care facilities) that are included within several Land Use and Urban Form Designations.
- Policy LU 8.2.6 (Farmers/Public Markets): The City shall continue to support existing farmers markets, public markets, and similar activities and encourage the development of additional markets throughout the city to provide residents with access to fresh, local produce, and convenient shopping.
- Policy LU 8.2.7 (Locally-Grown and Organic Foods): The City shall allow urban farms and market gardens at a scale that is appropriate to Sacramento’s neighborhoods, particularly in areas that lack access to fresh healthy foods, and have vacant or underutilized land.

Natomas Basin Habitat Conservation Plan (NBHCP)
The NBHCP seeks "to promote biological conservation in conjunction with economic and urban development within the Permit Areas." Some species identified in and protected by the NBHCP rely on agricultural activities to sustain their populations. Figure 6-6 in Section 6.2, Biological Resources, shows the location of the NBHCP area. For a complete description of the NBHCP, please refer to Section 6.2 of this report.

6.2 Biological Resources

INTRODUCTION
This section identifies major plant and animal resources within the Policy Area. Significant biological resources in the Policy Area include species listed as threatened or endangered, proposed for Federal and/or State listing as threatened or endangered, or any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW; formerly the California Department of Fish and Game) or United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Additionally, sensitive habitats, habitat for any of the species described above, and wetlands or other waters under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, are considered significant biological resources.

Information for this section is based on data obtained from the CDFW’s California Natural Diversity Database (2018), the California Native Plant Society’s (CNPS) Electronic Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California (2018), USFWS Endangered and Threatened Species list, United States Geological Survey’s (USGS) 7.5-minute quadrangles for Taylor Monument, Rio Linda, Citrus Heights, Sacramento West, Sacramento East, Carmichael, Clarksburg, Florin, and Elk Grove, species information on CDFW’s website, and a variety of environmental documents including the Natomas Basin Habitat Conservation Plan (NBHCP; City of Sacramento 2003), Panhandle Annexation and PUD Final EIR (City of Sacramento, 2018), Railyards Specific Plan Update Subsequent Final EIR (ESA 2016), various environmental documents generated for the proposed Delta Shores Development, the Final Draft Bufferlands Master Plan (Jones & Stokes 2000), and the Central City Specific Plan Final EIR (ESA 2018).

EXISTING CONDITIONS
Habitats
Prior to human development, the natural habitats within the Policy Area included perennial grasslands, riparian woodlands, oak woodlands, and a variety of wetlands including vernal pools, seasonal wetlands, freshwater marshes, ponds, streams, and rivers. Over the last 150 years, agriculture, irrigation, flood control, and urbanization have resulted in the loss or alteration of much of the natural habitat within the Policy Area. Non-native annual grasses have replaced the native perennial grasslands, many of the natural streams have been channelized, much of the riparian and oak woodlands have been cleared, and most of the marshes have been drained and converted to agricultural or urban uses.

Though the majority of the Policy Area is developed with residential, commercial, and other urban development, valuable plant and wildlife habitat still exists. These natural habitats are located primarily outside the city boundaries in the northern, southern and eastern portions of the Policy Area, but also occur within the Policy Area along river and stream corridors and on a number of undeveloped parcels. Habitats that are present in the Policy Area include annual grasslands, riparian woodlands, oak woodlands, riverine, ponds, freshwater marshes, seasonal wetlands, and

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

vernal pools. These habitats and their general locations within the Policy Area are discussed briefly below.

Annual Grassland
Annual grassland habitat occurs throughout the undeveloped portions of the Policy Area, primarily as a distinct vegetation community, but also as an understory to oak and riparian woodland habitats. The largest concentration of annual grassland occurs in the northern portion of the Policy Area – in North Sacramento and North Natomas – but significant concentrations are also present in south Sacramento and in the eastern portion of the Policy Area. This habitat occupies (and has largely replaced through competition) what was once native perennial bunch grass habitat. Annual grassland species commonly observed in the Policy Area include ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus), soft chess (Bromus mollis), wild oat (Avena fatua), Italian rye (Lolium multiflorum), Mediterranean barley (Hordeum marinum spp. gussoneanum), foxtail barley (Hordeum murinum spp. leporinum), hairgrass (Aira caryophylla) and medusahead grass (Taeniatherum caput-medusae). Some of the more common forbs found in these annual grasslands include cutleaf geranium (Geranium dissectum), red stem filaree (Erodium botrys), clover (Trifolium spp.), bur clover (Medicago polymorpha), fiddle-neck (Amsinckia menziesii), curly dock (Rumex crispus), wild radish (Raphanus sativa), wild mustard (Brassica spp.), star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), bull thistle (Circium vulgare), blue dicks (Dichelostemma capitatum), spikeweed (Hemizonia fitchii), and vinegar weed (Trichostema lanceolatum).

Annual grasslands are important habitats to a variety of wildlife, including small rodents such as deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and California voles (Microtus californicus) that feed on the abundance of grass seeds that this habitat provides. Other small mammals that use this habitat include species such as Botta’s pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae), cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), black-tail hare (Lepus californicus), and California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi). These small mammals in turn provide food for a variety of predators including mammals such as the coyote (Canis latrans), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), bobcat (Lynx rufus) and birds such as the red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), barn owl (Tyto alba), American crow (Corvus brachyrhyncos), and loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus). Other bird species that may occur in this habitat include the prairie falcon (Falco mexicanus), western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), scrub jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens), and western bluebird (Sialia mexicana). Frequently encountered reptile species in annual grasslands include the western yellowbellied racer (Coluber constrictor mormon), northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus oreganus), Pacific gopher snake (Pituophis catenifer catenifer), California kingsnake (Lampropeltis getulua californiae), western terrestrial garter snake (Thamnophis elegans), western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis), southern alligator lizard (Elgaria multicarinatus), and Gilbert’s skink (Eumeces gilberti). Annual grasslands also frequently support seasonal wetlands and vernal pools that provide important breeding sites for the Pacific tree frog (Pseudacris regilla) and western toad (Bufo boreas).

Special-status species that use annual grasslands for foraging and/or nesting include the Swainson’s hawk (Buteo swainsoni), burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia), and white-tailed kite (Elanus caeruleus). Where vernal pools or seasonal wetlands are a component, grasslands provide habitat

for special-status species such as the Federally-listed vernal pool fairy shrimp (Branchinecta lynchi) and vernal pool tadpole shrimp (Lepidurus packardi).

Ruderal Habitats
Ruderal communities within the Policy Area are characterized by plant species adapted to continued disturbance (e.g., mowing, spraying, grading) and are largely composed of non-native annuals that have displaced the more conservative, native perennial species. Ruderal assemblages of species are found throughout the Policy Area, along the boundaries of active construction zones where recent grading or stockpiling of soils had taken place, in vacant lots, and in agricultural areas that are no longer in production. Non-native species typically observed within these areas include common sow-thistle (Sonchus oleraceus), white sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis), rip-gut brome (Bromus diandrus), wild oat, Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), foxtail fescue (Festuca megalura), Italian rye-grass (Lolium multiflorum), wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), bur-clover, common plantain (Plantago major), milk thistle, common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris), cudweed (Gnaphalium spp.), filaree, spring vetch (Vicia lathyroides), common knotweed (Polygonum arenastrum), prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola), red clover (Trifolium pretense), shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), and bull thistle. Native species observed included fiddleneck (Amsinckia spp.), horseweed (Conyza canadensis), miniature lupine (Lupinus bicolor), and toad-rush (Juncus bufonius).

Although not as ecologically diverse as other habitat types, ruderal communities are used by many wildlife species for all or part of their life cycle. Mammals typically found in these communities include Botta’s pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae), California vole, black-tailed hare, California ground squirrel, and western harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis). These rodent populations provide prey for mammalian predators, such as coyote, and avian predators such as American kestrel (Falco sparverius), red-tailed hawk, barn owl, and great horned owl (Bubo virginianus). Additional species found in this habitat type include killdeer (Charadrius vociferous), American crow, mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), western meadowlark, gopher snake, and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis).

Riparian
Riparian woodland and scrub habitats are generally associated with rivers, low gradient streams, floodplains, and occasionally ponds and canals. The composition of species in riparian woodland communities is highly variable and dependent on geographic location, elevation, substrate, and amount of flow in the watercourse. This habitat can be found along many of the perennial and ephemeral drainages and other waterways in the Policy Area, but the largest expanses of riparian vegetation occur along the American and Sacramento rivers, Natomas Main Drainage Canal (NEMDC) (also known as historic Steelhead Creek), Arcade Creek, and lower Morrison Creek/Beach Lake. The vegetation of the riparian woodland habitat is variable and often structurally diverse. Trees characteristic of riparian habitats in the Policy Area include valley oak (Quercus lobata), Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii), California black walnut (Juglans californica), white alder (Alnus rhombifolia), willow (Salix spp.), and Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia). Typical understory include shrubs, box elder (Acer negundo), button willow (Cephalanthus occidentalis), California buckeye (Aesculus californicus), coyote brush (Baccharis

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

pilularis), California grape (Vitis californicus), Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor), and poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum). The herbaceous species occurring in the understory include seashore vervain (Verbena litoralis), bedstraw (Galium spp.), sedges (Carex spp.), umbrella sedges (Cyperus spp.), rushes (Juncus spp.), spike rush (Eleocharis macrostachya), and a variety of annual grasses.

Riparian habitats provide abundant food, cover, and breeding sites for wildlife in close proximity to water. These factors and the structural diversity of riparian woodland are largely responsible for the high productivity of this habitat type. Characteristic bird species in this habitat include the California quail (Callipepla californica), mourning dove, Nuttall's woodpecker (Picoides nuttallii), black phoebe (Sayornis nigricans), spotted towhee (Pipilo maculatus), California towhee (Pipilo crissalis), and song sparrow (Melospiza melodia). A number of these species nest or roost in riparian woodlands and feed in adjacent habitat, such as annual grassland and agricultural fields. Riparian woodlands also provide important feeding, resting, and nesting habitat for neotropical migrant songbirds such as warblers, vireos, grosbeaks, and flycatchers. Mammals found within riparian habitat may include the raccoon (Procyon lotor), deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), broadfooted mole (Scapanus latimanus), striped skunk, opossum (Didelphis virginianus), and gray fox.

Amphibians and reptiles likely to occur in this community include the western toad, Pacific tree frog, common king snake (Lampropeltis getulus californiae), valley garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis fitchii), and Gilbert’s skink. Special-status species that forage and/or nest in riparian habitats include the Swainson’s hawk, Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii), yellow warbler (Dendroica petechia), white-tailed kite, and yellow-breasted chat (Icteria virens).

Oak Woodlands
Oak woodlands are very limited in the Policy Area and occur only in upland areas adjacent to (or integrated with) riparian woodland habitat. The largest concentration of oak woodland is found in North Sacramento, but the habitat is also still present to a limited extent in the southwestern portion of the Policy Area near Beach Lake and the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant buffer lands. Plant species composition in this habitat can be variable, but is typically dominated by an overstory of valley oaks, and/or interior live oaks (Quercus wislizenii), with blue oak (Q. douglasi), California buckeye, California black walnut, and foothill pine (Pinus sabiniana). Understory plant species include poison oak, toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), coyote brush, Himalayan blackberries, and a variety of annual grasses such as wild oats, wild rye, and foxtail barley.

Oak woodlands provide a diversity of wildlife habitat. Acorns are an essential food resource for many wildlife species including the western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus), California ground squirrel, black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus), deer mouse, dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes), acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), northern flicker (Colaptes auratus), and western scrub jay. The abundant insect life found in the bark and foliage of oaks provide food for bird species such as the red-breasted nuthatch (Sitta canadensis), bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus), plain titmouse (Parus inornatus), and ash-throated flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens). Avian predators that nest and forage in oak woodland habitat include the great horned owl, western screech-owl (Otus kennicotti), red-tailed hawk, and red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus).

Mammals commonly found in this habitat include the raccoon, striped skunk, cottontail, and gray fox. A variety of woodpecker species nest in the cavities of oak trees, as do house wrens (Troglodytes aedon), western bluebirds (Sialia mexicana), and American kestrels that use abandoned woodpecker cavities. Typical amphibian and reptile species found in this habitat include the California newt (Taricha torosa), ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzi), California slender salamander (Batrachoceps attenuatus), sharp-tailed snake (Contia tenuis), ringneck snake (Diadophis punctatus), Pacific tree frog, western terrestrial garter snake (Thamnophis elegans), Gilbert’s skink, western fence lizard, and southern alligator lizard. Special-status species using oak woodlands for foraging and/or nesting include Cooper’s hawk, white-tailed kite, and loggerhead shrike.

Wetlands
Figure 6-4 shows wetlands within the Policy Area, and different wetland types are described below.

Due to the small scale of the map, wetlands still present in the city are either barely visible or not visible on this map due to their small size.

Rivers, Creeks and Canals. The American and Sacramento rivers, their tributaries, and other waterways in the Policy Area are important to local wildlife, not only for the habitat they provide, but for the connectivity they create between otherwise isolated areas of wildlife habitat, acting as corridors through which wildlife species can migrate. Many of the creeks in the Policy Area have been at least partially channelized and lined with concrete, and are maintained such that riparian and marsh vegetation is generally cleared on an annual basis. Special-status species that use rivers, creeks and canals in the Policy Area include Swainson’s hawk, giant garter snake (Thamnophis gigas), herons and egrets.

Freshwater Marsh. Freshwater marsh habitat is typically associated with the margins of rivers, streams, or ponds, but can form anywhere where shallow, slow moving perennial water is present.

In the Policy Area, freshwater marsh occurs primarily along portions of the American River, NEMDC, Arcade Creek, lower Morrison Creek, and Beach Lake. Plant species common to freshwater marsh habitats in the Policy Area include cattails (Typha latifolia), tule (Scirpus californicus), sedges and umbrella sedges, rushes, water primrose (Ludwigia peploides), water smartweed (Polygonum amphibium), parrot feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum), pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium), seashore vervain, common yellow monkey flower (Mimulus guttatus), and smooth cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium). Freshwater marshes provide important breeding and foraging habitat for a wide variety of local wildlife, such as herons and egrets, muskrats, raccoon, red-winged blackbirds and a wide variety of waterfowl. Special-status species that use freshwater marsh habitats in the Policy Area include giant garter snake, northern harrier (Circus cyaneus), tricolor blackbird (Agelaius tricolor), Sanford’s arrowhead (Sagittaria sanfordii), and rose mallow (Hibiscus lasiocarpus).

Estuarine and Marine Deepwater
Estuarine and Marine Wetland
Freshwater Emergent Wetland
Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland
Freshwater Pond
Lake
Other
Riverine
Sacramento City Limit
Sphere of Influence
Policy Area
Water
Source: City of Sacramento Community Development Department, 2018; USFWS (NWI) 10/2019 Z:\Projects\j1149901\MAPDOC\TBR\Section 6 Env Resources\Figure6-4_Wetlands.mxd 0 0.5 1 2 Mile
Figure 6-4
Wetlands

Natomas, though significant areas also occur in the Airport-Meadowview and south Sacramento areas and in undeveloped, eastern portions of the Policy Area.

Vernal pools are ephemeral wetlands that form in shallow depressions underlain by a substrate near the surface that restricts the percolation of water. These depressions fill with rainwater during the fall and winter and can remain inundated until spring or early summer, sometimes filling and emptying numerous times during the rainy season. A flowering community, dominated by characteristic wetland plants, differentiates vernal pools from other seasonal wetlands. Vernal pool plant species likely to occur within the Policy Area include the winged water-starwort (Callitriche marginata), annual hairgrass (Deschampsia danthonioides), horned downingia (Downingia ornatissima), coyote thistle (Eryngium vaseyi), bractless hedge-hyssop (Gratiola ebracteata), slender popcorn flower (Plagiobothrys stipitatus), spine-fruit butter-cup (Ranunculus bonariensis), and purslane speedwell (Veronica peregrina).

Seasonal wetlands are distinguished from vernal pools in that they may not be inundated for as long as vernal pools and generally contain a greater abundance of facultative and grassy species, and few, if any vernal pool endemic species. The distinction between the two types is often unclear; the final determination of the type of wetland can often be dependent upon the verification of the USACE.

Both vernal pools and seasonal wetlands provide habitat for a number of plant and animal species listed as threatened or endangered, or that have other special status that requires their protection.

The most well known are the vernal pool crustaceans, such as vernal pool fairy shrimp (Branchinecta lynchi) and vernal pool tadpole shrimp (Lepidurus packardi), along with a variety of plant species characteristically occurring in vernal pools.

Ornamental
Ornamental landscaping consists of areas supporting introduced or non-native trees, shrubs, flowers, and turf grass. Ornamental landscaping occurs in green belts, parks, and horticultural plantings throughout the Policy Area. Typical species include London Plane tree (Platanus acerifolia), European hackberry (Celtis australis), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), pepper trees (Schinus molle), and Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis).

Despite their highly-manicured and intensively-maintained appearance, urban landscapes offer local wildlife populations a surprising variety of habitat types for exploiting food, nesting, and cover resources. Wildlife species that occur throughout ornamental landscaped areas include raccoon, black-tailed hare, opossum, Anna’s humming bird (Calypte anna), yellow-billed magpie (Pica nuttalli), northern flicker, dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), wood duck (Aix sponsa), great blue heron (Ardea herodias), Canada goose (Branta canadensis), American robin (Turdus migratorius), and western scrub jay, red-tailed hawk, and red-shouldered hawk.

Special-Status Species
The following section addresses special-status species observed, reported, or having the potential to occur in the Policy Area. These resources include plant, and wildlife species that have been afforded special-status and/or recognition by Federal and State resource agencies, as well as private conservation organizations and special interest groups, such as the CNPS. In general, the principal reason an individual taxon (species, subspecies, or variety) is given such recognition is the

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

documented or expected decline or limitation of its population size or geographical extent and/or distribution that results, in most cases, from habitat loss.

For the purposes of this section, special-status species include:
• Species listed, proposed, or candidate species for listing as Threatened or Endangered by the USFWS pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act (FESA) of 1969, as amended; • Species listed as Rare, Threatened, or Endangered by the CDFW pursuant to the California Endangered Species Act (CESA) of 1970, as amended;
• Species designated as Fully Protected under Sections 3511 (birds), 4700 (mammals), and 5050 (reptiles and amphibians) of the California Fish and Game Code; • Species designated by the CDFW as California Species of Concern; • Plant species listed as Category 1B and 2 by the CNPS; and • Species not currently protected by statute or regulation, but considered rare, threatened or endangered under CEQA (section 15380).

Special-status species that are known to occur in the Policy Area, or suspected to occur based on the natural habitats present are listed in Table 6-3. Figure 6-5 shows results of a search of the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB).

REGULATORY CONTEXT
Federal
Federal Endangered Species Act (FESA)
The FESA of 1973 provides legal protection for threatened and endangered plant and animal species, and requires definitions of critical habitat and development of recovery plans for specific species. Section 7 of FESA requires Federal agencies to make a finding on the potential to jeopardize the continued existence of any listed species potentially impacted by all Federal actions, including the approval of a public or private action, such as the issuance of a permit pursuant to Sections 10 and 404 of the Federal Clean Water Act (CWA). Section 9 of FESA prohibits the take of any member of an endangered species. Take is defined by the FESA as “...harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct.” Section 10(a) of the FESA permits the incidental take of listed species if the take is incidental to, and not the purpose of, the carrying out of an otherwise lawful activity.

Projects adversely affecting Federally-listed threatened or endangered species are required to obtain take permission from USFWS prior to project implementation. If a Federal agency is involved (i.e., if a wetlands permit is required, project has Federal funding, etc.), take permission can be obtained through FESA Section 7 consultation with USFWS.
22 21 29
22 22
15 19
22 22
5 7
25 14
33 24
27 26
24 27
20 7
33 27
26 23
24 26
8 28
23 11
8 27
23 23
7 7
25 7
7 7
7 7
31 11
30 23
23 23
11 23
11 7
11 25
23 11
11 25
25 25
32 25 25
25 11
2 7 7
7 7 7 7
18 25
24 31
25 2
11 25
8 7
7 8
7 7 7
7 7
7 25
6 25
25 7
7 7
7 8
8 8 8
11 11
7 7
23 23
11 7
7 7
2 2
827
23 16
7 17
10 2
30 23
25 26
2726
23 17
17 2
8 27
27 27
26 26
26 17
17 7
2 23
7 7
7 17
23 12
13 23
3 26
1 30 28
268
23 2
23 23
23 23
23 11
26 23
30 23
23 17
1312
17 23
30 17
12 30
2 23
30 23
12 17
23 26
30 23
2 23
7 23
23 23
9 7
23 7
8 30
26 30
7 11
23 23
23 23
7 23
23 4
11 8
8 26
9 2
8 2
3 27
2 2
2 8
8 8
2 8
Sacramento City Limit
Sphere of Influence
Water
Plants
1, legenere
2, Sanford's arrowhead
3, stinkbells
4, woolly rose-mallow
Wildlife
5, American badger
6, bank swallow
7, burrowing owl
8, California linderiella
9, Cooper's hawk
10, ferruginous hawk
11, giant gartersnake
12, great blue heron
13, great egret
14, least Bell's vireo
15, longfin smelt
16, midvalley fairy shrimp
17, purple martin
18, Sacramento perch
19, Sacramento splittail
20, Sacramento Valley tiger beetle
21, song sparrow ("Modesto"
population)
22, steelhead - Central Valley DPS
23, Swainson's hawk
24, tricolored blackbird
25, valley elderberry longhorn
beetle
26, vernal pool fairy shrimp
27, vernal pool tadpole shrimp
28, western pond turtle
29, western yellow-billed cuckoo
30, white-tailed
Natural Community
31, Elderberry Savanna
32, Northern Claypan Vernal Pool
33, Northern Hardpan Vernal Pool
Source: City of Sacramento Community Development Department, 2018; CDFW CNDDB 1/2020 Z:\Projects\j1149901\MAPDOC\TBR\Section 6 Env Resources\Figure6-5_CNDDB.mxd 0 0.5 1 2 Mile
Figure 6-5
Sensitive Biological Elements

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Table 6-3: Special-Status Species Potentially Occurring in the Policy Area Scientific Name Common Name Status Habitat
Plants
Astragalus tener
var. tener
Alkali milkvetch 1B.2 Associated with vernal pools, playas, and valley grasslands on adobe clay and/or alkaline soils.

Atriplex depressa Brittlescale 1B.2
Associated with chenopod scrub, meadows, playas, valley grassland, vernal pools. Usually in alkali scalds or alkali clay in meadows or annual grassland.

Atriplex
joaquiniana
San Joaquin
spearscale 1B.2 Occurs in chenopod scrub, alkali meadow, and valley and foothill grassland.

Balsamorhiza
macrolepis var.
macrolepis
Big-scale
balsamroot 1B.2 Occurs in grassland habitat.

Chloropyron molle
ssp. hispidum
Hispid bird’s
beak 1B.1 Occurs in grassland and vernal pool habitats.

Chloropyron
palmatum
Palmatebracted bird’sbeak

FE, CE,
1B.1
Occurs in chenopod scrub, and valley and foothill
grassland habitats; usually on alkaline clay.

Downingia pusilla Dwarf
downingia 2.2
Typically occurs in vernal pools, vernal swales, and
occasionally other seasonal wetlands. Restricted in
distribution as a result of habitat conversion and
associated disturbance. Habitat occurs primarily in higher elevation portions of the Policy Area such as North
Sacramento, and portions of East Sacramento and South
Sacramento.

Gratiola
heterosepala
Boggs Lake
hedge- hyss
op
CE,1B.2
Typically occurs in vernal pools, vernal swales, and
occasionally other seasonal wetlands. Restricted in
distribution as a result of habitat conversion and
associated disturbance. Habitat occurs primarily in higher elevation portions of the Policy Area such as North
Sacramento, and portions of East Sacramento and South
Sacramento.

Hibiscus
lasiocarpus var.
occidentalis
Woolly rosemallow 2.2
Perennial herb that grows from 3 to 6 feet in height and has white or rose-colored flowers. Associated with wet
banks and marshes in the Policy Area. Known to occur
along the American River in the Policy Area, but could
also occur elsewhere in areas of suitable habitat.

Juglans hindsii
Northern
California
black walnut
1B.1
Associated with riparian forest and woodland habitats.

Few extant native stands remain. Widely naturalized from rootstock plants. Native stands are now only known to
occur in Napa and Contra Costa counties.

Juncus
leiospermus var.
ahartii
Ahart’s dwarf
rush 1B.2
Typically occurs in vernal pools, vernal swales, and
occasionally other seasonal wetlands. Restricted in
distribution as a result of habitat conversion and
associated disturbance. Habitat occurs primarily in higher elevation portions of the Policy Area such as North
Sacramento, and portions of East Sacramento and South
Sacramento.

Table 6-3: Special-Status Species Potentially Occurring in the Policy Area Scientific Name Common Name Status Habitat
Legenere limosa Legenere 1B.1
Typically occurs in vernal pools, vernal swales, and
occasionally other seasonal wetlands. Restricted in
distribution as a result of habitat conversion and
associated disturbance. Habitat occurs primarily in higher elevation portions of the Policy Area such as North
Sacramento, and portions of East Sacramento and South
Sacramento.

Lepidium latipes
var. heckardii
Heckard’s
pepper-grass
1B.2 Valley and foothill grassland and vernal pools on alkaline soils.

Navarretia myersii
ssp. myersii
Pincushion
navarretia 1B.1
Typically occurs in vernal pools, vernal swales, and
occasionally other seasonal wetlands. Restricted in
distribution as a result of habitat conversion and
associated disturbance. Habitat occurs primarily in higher elevation portions of the Policy Area such as North
Sacramento, and portions of East Sacramento and South
Sacramento.

Orcuttia tenuis Slender orcutt
grass

FT, CE,
1B.1
Typically occurs in vernal pools, vernal swales, and
occasionally other seasonal wetlands. Restricted in
distribution as a result of habitat conversion and
associated disturbance. Habitat occurs primarily in higher elevation portions of the Policy Area such as North
Sacramento, and portions of East Sacramento and South
Sacramento.

Orcuttia viscida Sacramento
orcutt grass FE, 1B.1
Typically occurs in vernal pools, vernal swales, and
occasionally other seasonal wetlands. Restricted in
distribution as a result of habitat conversion and
associated disturbance. Habitat occurs primarily in higher elevation portions of the Policy Area such as North
Sacramento, and portions of East Sacramento and South
Sacramento.

Sagittaria sanfordii Sanford’s
arrowhead 1B.2
Perennial herb that occurs in marshes, swamps and
shallow margins of other waters. Known to occur along
the American River in the Policy Area, but could also
occur elsewhere in areas of suitable habitat.

Invertebrates
Branchinecta
lynchi
Vernal pool
fairy shrimp FT
Small crustaceans adapted to survive the annual flooding and drying of vernal pools and other seasonal wetlands in valley or foothill grasslands by hatching from encysted eggs embedded in the soil in the bottom of the pools
when they fill with rainwater. The dormant eggs are
protected by thick outer coverings that resist cold, heat, and desiccation. More likely to occur in undeveloped,
higher-elevation portions of the Policy Area such as
North Sacramento, and portions of East Sacramento and
South Sacramento.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Table 6-3: Special-Status Species Potentially Occurring in the Policy Area Scientific Name Common Name Status Habitat
Desmocerus
californicus
dimorphus
Valley
elderberry
longhorn
beetle
FT
A small beetle less than an inch long that is dependent upon elderberry shrubs, which are found primarily along the American River and Sacramento River riparian
corridors, but can also be found in isolated occurrences throughout the Policy Area.

The Policy Area includes critical habitat north of the
American River.

Lepidurus
packardi
Vernal pool
tadpole
shrimp
FE
Small crustaceans adapted to survive the annual flooding and drying of vernal pools and other seasonal wetlands in valley or foothill grasslands by hatching from encysted eggs embedded in the soil in the bottom of the pools
when they fill with rainwater. The dormant eggs are
protected by thick outer coverings that resist cold, heat, and desiccation. More likely to occur in undeveloped,
higher-elevation portions of the Policy Area such as
North Sacramento, and portions of East Sacramento and
South Sacramento.

Fish
Archoplites
interruptus
Sacramento
Perch CSC
Historically found in the sloughs, slow-moving rivers, and lakes of the central valley. Currently present in the
American and Sacramento rivers and their tributaries.

True native populations (as opposed to re-introduced
populations) now only exist at Clear Lake in Lake County and portions of Alameda Creek in Alameda County.

Prefer warm water. Aquatic vegetation is essential for
young. Tolerant of a wide range of physio-chemical water conditions.

Acipenser
medirostris
Green
Sturgeon FT, CSC
Long-lived anadromous species that migrates through the Sacramento River to spawning grounds in the Feather and upper Sacramento rivers. Occurs in low numbers in the
San Francisco Estuary and Sacramento River.

Thought to spawn in deep holes with fast moving water
over cobble substrates. Larvae develop within freshwater systems, migrate downstream and remain in the estuaries for between one and four years before migrating to the
ocean. Mature adults move into estuaries in the spring, and spawning adults continue into natal rivers in late
spring/early summer. Post spawning adults return to the estuary before migrating back to the ocean in late fall.

Sub-adult fish are also thought to enter estuaries during the summer and fall months.

The Sacramento River adjacent to the Policy Area does
not support spawning habitat for adult fish or rearing
habitat for juveniles.

Table 6-3: Special-Status Species Potentially Occurring in the Policy Area Scientific Name Common Name Status Habitat
Hypomesus
transpacificus Delta smelt FT, CE
Occurs in Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta most of the
year. Spawns in tidally influenced freshwater wetlands and seasonally submerged uplands along the Sacramento
River, downstream from its confluence with the
American River.

The nearest known spawning area for this species is in
the Yolo Bypass, outside of the Policy Area to the west.

Critical habitat for the species was designated in
December 1994 and includes portions of the Policy Area
along the Sacramento River (59 FR 65256).

Oncorhynchus
mykiss
Central Valley
steelhead FT
Central Valley steelhead is an Evolutionarily Significant Unit that includes all naturally spawned populations of steelhead in the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, and their tributaries. Occurs in the Pacific Ocean for most of its life. Travels to clean gravel beds in the upper
Sacramento and portions of the American River for
spawning. Peak migration periods for adult fish in the
Sacramento River are in mid-winter. Juvenile steelhead
generally spend one to three years in freshwater before migrating to the ocean (Moyle 2002). While steelhead
migrate along this section of the Sacramento and
American rivers, the Policy Area does not support
spawning habitat for adult fish, or rearing habitat for juveniles.

The Sacramento River, American River, and NEMDC are
critical habitat.

Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha
Central Valley
spring run
Chinook
salmon
FT, CT
Occurs in the Pacific Ocean for most of its life. Travels to clean gravel beds in the upper Sacramento River and
portions of the American River for spawning. Adult and
juvenile Chinook may move through the Policy Area in
transition between the ocean and spawning/rearing areas.

Spring run Chinook enter the Sacramento River between
March and September and move upstream into the
headwaters, where they hold in pools until they spawn
(between August and October). Juveniles emigrate midNovember through June; however, some juveniles spend a year in the streams and emigrate as yearlings the
following October (Moyle 2002).

Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha
Central Valley
Winter run
Chinook
salmon
FT, CE
Occurs in the Pacific Ocean for most of its life. Travels to clean gravel beds in the upper Sacramento River and
portions of the American River for spawning. Return to
the upper Sacramento River between December and July,
but delay spawning until the spring and summer (Moyle
2002). Juveniles spend five to nine months in the river and Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary before entering the
ocean.

Adult and juvenile Chinook may move through the Policy
Area in transition between the ocean and
spawning/rearing areas. The Policy Area includes
designated critical habitat (58 FR 33212).

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Table 6-3: Special-Status Species Potentially Occurring in the Policy Area Scientific Name Common Name Status Habitat
Pogonichthys
macrolepidotus
Sacramento
splittail CSC
Endemic to the lakes and rivers of the central valley, but now confined to the Delta, Suisun Bay, and associated
marshes. Prefers slow-moving river sections and dead
end sloughs. Requires flooded vegetation for spawning
and foraging for young. Larvae remain in the shallow,
weedy inshore areas near spawning sites and move into
the deeper offshore habitat as they mature.

Likely to be present in the American and Sacramento
rivers, and their tributaries. The nearest significant
breeding habitat lies outside the Policy Area in the Yolo Bypass.

Spirinchus
thaleichthys Longfin smelt FC, CT, CSC
Euryhaline, nektonic & anadromous. Found in open
waters of estuaries, mostly in middle or bottom of water column. Prefer salinities of 15-30 ppt, but can be found in completely freshwater to almost pure seawater. Potential suitable habitat within the
Sacramento River. This species is known to
spawn as far upstream as Isleton in the Sacramento
River.

Amphibians
Spea hammondii Western
spadefoot CSC
Breeds in seasonal wetlands and large vernal pools.

Spends most of the year underground in adjacent upland
areas.

Reptiles
Actinemys
marmorata
Western pond
turtle CSC
Associated with ponds, streams, rivers, marshes and
canals with suitable basking sites and vegetative cover.

Occurs in suitable habitat throughout the Policy Area;
fairly common along the Sacramento and American rivers
and the Steelhead Creek (NEMDC).

Phrynosoma
coronatum
frontale
California
horned lizard CSC
Associated with annual grassland, chaparral, saltbush
scrub, alkali flats, oak woodland, riparian woodland, and coniferous forest. Requires open habitats with loose, fine (often sandy) soils.

Thamnophis gigas Giant garter
snake FT, CT
Found in cattail and tule marshes, low gradient streams, rice fields, and canals. Habitat typically includes the following features: adequate water during the snake's
active season (early-spring through mid-fall); presence of abundant emergent vegetation such as cattails and
bulrushes for escape cover and foraging habitat during the active season; grassy banks and openings in waterside
vegetation for basking; and higher elevation uplands
adjacent to the aquatic habitat for cover and refuge from flood waters during the snake's dormant season in the
winter (USFWS 2009). Aquatic habitat must also support
prey species such as small fish and amphibians.

Occurs mostly west of the Steelhead Creek (NEMDC),
north of the American River, and west of Highway 99,
south of the American River.

Table 6-3: Special-Status Species Potentially Occurring in the Policy Area Scientific Name Common Name Status Habitat
Birds
Agelaius tricolor Tricolored
blackbird PCE
Associated with marshes, wet meadows, rice fields, and
rangelands. Nest in dense stands of cattails, thickets of willows, blackberries, or tall herbs adjacent to open
grasslands.

Known to nest in Natomas, near the northern border of
the Policy Area, and along Hwy 99 near the southeast
corner of the Policy Area. Suitable nesting habitat also occurs along the American River corridor, Steelhead
Creek (NEMDC), and along lower Morrison Creek and
Beach Lake.

Athene cunicularia Burrowing owl CSC
Residents in generally flat, open, dry grasslands, pastures, deserts, shrub lands, and in grass, forbs and open-shrub stages of pinyon-juniper and ponderosa pine habitats. Use communal ground squirrel and other small mammal
burrows for nesting and cover, as well as artificial
structures such as roadside embankments, levees, and
berms.

Fairly tolerant of human activity near their burrows as long as suitable foraging habitat exists nearby. Known
burrowing owl colonies are present along railroad rightof-ways, and natural and artificial canals near foraging habitat, at several locations on the Cosumnes River
College campus and in less-developed areas in northern, eastern, and southern portions of the Policy Area.

Buteo swainsoni Swainson’s
hawk CT
Nests in riparian trees and forages in open fields (annual grasslands, fallow fields, dry and irrigated pasture). Most nesting recorded along the Sacramento River.

Circus cyaneus Northern
harrier
CSC
(nesting)
Nests in freshwater marsh and agricultural fields. Forages in marshes, grasslands and agricultural fields.

Elanus leucurus White-tailed
kite CFP
Nests colonially in large trees adjacent to open grasslands for foraging. Feed on rodents, small reptiles, and large insects in fresh emergent wetlands, annual grasslands,
pastures, and ruderal vegetation. Breed between
February and October.

The white-tailed kite can commonly be observed foraging in open grasslands throughout the Policy Area, but
breeding sites are primarily located near riparian
corridors along the Sacramento and American rivers.

Lanius
ludovicianus
Loggerhead
shrike CSC Nests in woodlands adjacent to grassland foraging habitat.

Melospiza
melodia
Song sparrow
“Modesto”
population
CSC Associated with emergent freshwater marshes, irrigation canals, riparian scrub, riparian woodland.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Table 6-3: Special-Status Species Potentially Occurring in the Policy Area Scientific Name Common Name Status Habitat
Progne subis Purple martin CSC
Inhabit open areas with an open water source nearby.

Colonial cavity nesters in abandoned woodpecker holes,
human-made nest boxes, or cavities in other structures
such as bridges and overpasses. Once established at a nest location, martins usually come back to the same site every year.

Adapt well in and around people, but are out-competed by starlings and sparrows in urban areas. Known to nest in North Sacramento under overpasses in the vicinity of the intersection of I-80 and Hwy 160, but could potentially occur in similar habitat throughout the Policy Area.

Riparia riparia Bank swallow CT
The smallest North American swallow, with a body
length of about 4.75 inches. It nests in colonies and
creates nests by burrowing into vertical bluffs and
riverbanks with fine-textured soils. Breed in California from April to August and spend the winter months in
South America. Most of California's remaining
populations nest along the upper Sacramento River.

Mammals
Antrozous pallida Pallid bat CSC
Roosts in crevices in caves, mines, large rock outcrops, under bridges, and in abandoned buildings. Forages on or near the ground in a wide variety of open habitats.

Although potential habitat for these species is present within the Policy Area, none have been recorded.

Distribution of special-status bat species is difficult to study and therefore poorly known. Bat colonies that may harbor some or all of these special-status species are
present in several of the older buildings in downtown
Sacramento and in human-made structures along the
American and Sacramento rivers.

Corynorhinus
townsendii
townsendii
Pacific
western big
eared bat
CSC
Roosts in the open in large caves, abandoned mines, and buildings. Very sensitive to roost disturbance.

Although potential habitat for these species is present within the Policy Area, none have been recorded.

Distribution of special-status bat species is difficult to study and therefore poorly known. Bat colonies that may harbor some or all of these special-status species are
present in several of the older buildings in downtown
Sacramento and in human-made structures along the
American and Sacramento rivers
Lasiurus blossevillii Western red
bat CSC
Roosts primarily in tree foliage, especially in cottonwood, sycamore, and other riparian trees or orchards. Although potential habitat for these species is present within the Policy Area, none have been recorded. Distribution of
special-status bat species is difficult to study and
therefore poorly known. Bat colonies that may harbor
some or all of these special-status species are present in several of the older buildings in downtown Sacramento
and in human-made structures along the American and
Sacramento rivers.

Table 6-3: Special-Status Species Potentially Occurring in the Policy Area Scientific Name Common Name Status Habitat
Taxidea taxus American
Badger CSC
Principal habitat requirements include: sufficient prey base; friable soils; and relatively open, uncultivated ground such as grasslands. Prey primarily on burrowing rodents such as gophers, ground squirrels, marmots, and
kangaroo rats. Badgers survive only in low numbers in
peripheral parts of the Central Valley. The CNDDB
includes one recorded occurrence in the Policy Area
near Power Inn and Fruitridge roads.

Notes:

Federal:

FE = Endangered, legally protected by the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) FT = Threatened, legally protected by the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) State:

PCE = Proposed Endangered by the California Endangered Species Act (CESA) CE = Endangered, legally protected by the California Endangered Species Act (CESA) CFP = Fully Protected species (legally protected under Fish and Game Code) CSC = California Species of Concern by DFG (no formal protection other than CEQA consideration) CT = Threatened, legally protected by the California Endangered Species Act (CESA) SA = Animal included on the CDFW’s Special Animal List.

California Rare Plant Ranks (no formal protection other than CEQA consideration) 1B - Plant species that is rare or endangered in California or elsewhere. 2 - Plant species that is rare or endangered in California but is more common elsewhere.

Threat code extensions:
.1 - Seriously endangered in California
.2 – Fairly endangered in California
.3 – Not very endangered in California
Source: California Department of Fish and Wildlife, California Natural Diversity Database, 2018.

Consultation will determine whether the project would adversely impact a protected species or designated critical habitat and identify mitigation measures that would be required to avoid or reduce impacts on the species or its habitat. Following this consultation, the USFWS issues a Biological Opinion, which dictates the conditions of take that are allowed for the project. If no Federal agency is involved, project applicants are required to obtain an Incidental Take Permit through Section 10 of the FESA, which requires preparation of a Habitat Conservation Plan and results in the issuance of an Incidental Take Permit.

Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA)
Pursuant to the MBTA of 1918, as amended in 1972, federal law prohibits the taking of migratory birds or their nests or eggs (16 U.S.C. Section 703). The MBTA covers the taking of any nests or eggs of migratory birds, except as allowed by permit pursuant to 50 CFR, Part 21. Disturbances

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

causing nest abandonment and/or loss of reproductive effort (i.e., killing or abandonment of eggs or young) may also be considered a “take.” This regulation seeks to protect migratory birds and active nests. In 1972, the MBTA was amended to include protection for migratory birds of prey (e.g., raptors). In December 2017, Department of Interior Principal Deputy Solicitor Jorjani issued a memorandum (M-37050) that interprets the MBTA to only prohibit intentional take. Similarly, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, like the Fifth Circuit and the Eighth Circuit, has held that the MBTA applies only to intended takes. See Seattle Audubon Soc’y v. Evans, 952 F.2d 297, 303 (9th Cir. 1991). Unintentional or accidental take is not prohibited. Additionally, Executive Order (EO) 13186, Responsibilities of Federal Agencies to Protect Migratory Birds, requires that any project with federal involvement address impacts of federal actions on migratory birds with the purpose of promoting conservation of migratory bird populations (66 Federal Register [FR] 3853–3856). The EO requires federal agencies to work with USFWS to develop a memorandum of understanding to promote the conservation of migratory bird populations. USFWS reviews actions that might affect these species.

The MBTA protects over 800 species including geese, ducks, shorebirds, raptors, songbirds, and many relatively common species, (i.e., white-crowned sparrow, mourning dove, and red-wing blackbird).

Federal Clean Water Act (CWA)
The objective of the CWA is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters. Section 401 prohibits the discharge of any pollutant into the Nation's waters without a permit, and Section 402 establishes the permit program. Section 404 of the CWA regulates activities that result in discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States.

Section 401
The State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) has authority over wetlands through Section 401 of the CWA, as well as the Porter-Cologne Act, California Code of Regulations Section 3831(k), and California Wetlands Conservation Policy. The CWA requires that an applicant for a Section 404 permit (to discharge dredged or fill material into waters of the United States) first obtain a certificate from the appropriate State agency stating that the fill is consistent with the State’s water quality standards and criteria. In California, the authority to either grant certification or waive the requirement for permits is delegated by the SWRCB to the nine regional boards. A request for certification is submitted to the regional board at the same time that an application is filed with U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE). The regional board has 60 days to review the application and act on it. Because no USACE permit is valid under the CWA unless “certified” by the State, these boards may effectively veto or add conditions to any USACE permit.

Section 404
The USACE is responsible for permitting certain types of activities affecting wetlands and other waters of the United States. Under Section 404 of the CWA, USACE has the authority to regulate

activity that could discharge fill or dredge material, or otherwise adversely modify wetlands or other waters of the United States. USACE implements the federal policy embodied in Executive Order 11990, which is intended to result in no net loss of wetland values or acres.

State
California Endangered Species Act (CESA)
The CDFW administers a number of laws and programs designed to protect fish and wildlife resources. Principal among these is the CESA of 1984 (CESA; Fish and Game Code, Section 2050), which regulates the listing and take of state-endangered and state-threatened species. CESA declares that deserving species will be given protection by the State because they are of ecological, educational, historical, recreational, aesthetic, economic, and scientific value to the people of the state. CESA established that it is State policy to conserve, protect, restore, and enhance endangered species and their habitats.

Species listed under CESA cannot be “taken” without adequate mitigation and compensation. The definition of take under CESA is the same as described above for the FESA. However, based on findings of the California Attorney General’s Office, take under CESA does not prohibit indirect harm by way of habitat modification. Typically, the CDFW implements endangered species protection and take determinations by entering into management agreements (California Fish and Game Code, Section 2081 Management Agreements) with project applicants.

California Fish and Game Code
Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreements. Under Sections 1600-1616 of the California Fish and Game Code, the CDFW regulates activities that would alter the flow, bed, channel, or bank of streams and lakes. The limits of CDFW’s jurisdiction are defined in the code as the “… bed, channel or bank of any river, stream, or lake designated by the department in which there is at any time an existing fish or wildlife resource or from which these resources derive benefit ...” (Section 1601). In practice, the CDFW usually marks its jurisdictional limit at the top of the stream or bank, or at the outer edge of the riparian vegetation, whichever is wider.

California Fish and Game Code Sections 3503, 3503.5, and 3513. Fish and Game Code Section 3503 states that it is unlawful to take, possess, or needlessly destroy the nests or eggs of any bird, except as otherwise provided by this code or any regulation made pursuant thereto. Fish and Game Code Section 3503.5 protects all birds-of-prey (raptors) and their eggs and nests. Section 3513 states that it is unlawful to take or possess any migratory non-game bird as designated in the MBTA.

These regulations could require that elements of the proposed project (particularly vegetation removal or construction near nest trees) be reduced or eliminated during critical phases of the nesting cycle unless surveys by a qualified biologist demonstrate that nests, eggs, or nesting birds will not be disturbed, subject to approval by CDFW and/or USFWS.

California Fish and Game Code Sections 3511, 4700, 5050, and 5515. Sections 3511 (birds), 4700 (mammals), 5050 (reptiles and amphibians), and 5515 (fish) of the California Fish and Game Code designate certain species as “fully protected.” Fully protected species, or parts thereof, may not be

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

taken or possessed at any time. The California Fish and Game Commission may authorize the collecting of such species for necessary scientific research. Legally imported and fully protected species or parts thereof may be possessed under a permit issued by CDFW.

Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act
The Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act charges the SWRCB and the nine Regional Water Quality Control Boards with protecting water quality throughout California. Typically, the SWRCB and regional boards act in concert with USACE under Section 401 of the CWA.

California Wetlands Conservation Policy
The California Wetlands Conservation Policy (1993 - Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 28) created an interagency task force headed by the State Resources Agency and California EPA to: (1) ensure no overall net loss, and a long-term net gain in the quantity, quality, and permanence of wetlands acreage and values; (2) reduce procedural complexity in the administration of State and Federal wetlands conservation programs; and (3) encourage partnerships that make restoration, landowner incentives, and cooperative planning the primary focus of wetlands conservation.

This resolution directed the CDFW to prepare and submit to the legislature a plan identifying means to protect existing wetlands and restore former wetlands. This includes identification of sufficient potential wetlands sites to increase the amount of wetlands in California by 50 percent by the year 2000, and a program for the public and private acquisition of such lands. While the resolution does not have the force and effect of law, CDFW and other California State agencies frequently point to it as an expression of State policy.

Native Plant Protection Act
The California Native Plant Protection Act (California Fish and Game Code sections 1900-1913) prohibits the taking, possession, or sale within the state of any rare, threatened, or endangered plants as defined by CDFW. Under this act, landowners with rare plants on their property must provide CDFW 10 days of notice to salvage (remove for transplant) the plants before destruction occurs. Project impacts to these species would be considered “significant” if the species are known to occur within the area of disturbance associated with construction of the project, or “potentially significant” if the species has a high potential to occur within the area of disturbance.

California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)
Although threatened and endangered species are protected by specific Federal and State statutes, Section 15380(b) of the CEQA Guidelines provides that a species not listed on the Federal or State list of protected species may be considered rare or endangered if the species can be shown to meet certain specified criteria. These criteria have been modeled after definitions in the FESA and the section of the California Fish and Game Code dealing with rare or endangered plants and animals.

Section 15380(b) requires public agencies to undertake reviews to determine if projects would result in significant effects on species that are not listed by either the USFWS or CDFW (i.e., candidate

species). Thus, CEQA provides an agency with the ability to protect a species from a project’s potential impacts until the respective government agencies have an opportunity to designate the species as protected, if warranted.

Local
City of Sacramento Tree Preservation Ordinance
The City adopted the Tree Preservation Ordinance to protect trees, as they are a significant resource for the community. It is the City's policy to retain trees whenever possible, regardless of their size.

When circumstances will not allow for retention, permits are required to remove City or private protected trees that are within the City’s jurisdiction. Removal of, or construction around, trees that are protected by the tree ordinance are subject to permission and inspection by City arborists.

The City’s Public Works Department reviews project plans during the construction process to minimize impacts to tree resources in the city. The ordinance protects “City trees” and “private protected trees,” as defined in the Sacramento City Code 12.56.

American River Parkway Plan
The American River Parkway Plan, last updated in 2008, is a policy document that provides guidelines for preservation, recreational use, development, and administration of the American River Parkway through balanced management of the parkway and resource protection. The plan includes policies related to: terrestrial resources; aquatic communities; water flows, water quality, and flood control; and land use.

Sacramento River Parkway Plan
The Sacramento River Parkway Plan, adopted October 21, 1997, is a 20-year policy guide for habitat preservation, and restoration and recreational development for lands adjacent to the Sacramento River. The plan identifies current conditions, develops a vision for the future, and identifies programs and action for achieving the vision. The plan includes policies that have been developed to support the preservation of natural and cultural resources. These policies emphasize the importance of retaining the native vegetation, wildlife, and cultural resources as integral components of the parkway.

American and Sacramento River Parkway Plans 2012 Implementation Program The American and Sacramento River Parkway Plans 2012 Implementation Program, approved November 13, 2012, provides guidance for the implementation of city approved plans and policies.

The implementation program provides guidance for implementation approach, acquisition of right- of-way for multiuse off-street trails, flood protection permit compliance, and an implementation program for the completion of a continuous multiuse public trail “on rivers” for approximately 25 miles on the south side of the American River, and on the east side of the Sacramento River.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

Natomas Basin Habitat Conservation Plan (NBHCP)
Portions of the Policy Area are within the Natomas Basin - a low-lying portion area east of the Sacramento River and north of the American River. The Natomas Basin contains incorporated and unincorporated areas within the jurisdictions of the City of Sacramento, Sacramento County, and Sutter County (see Figure 6-6). Historically, the basin was primarily in agricultural production. The existing water conveyance systems within the Natomas Basin were created for water conveyance and drainage. The Natomas Basin contains a variety of habitat types, open water aquatic habitat (including ditches and drains), emergent marsh, riparian forest, riparian scrub-shrub, grassland, vernal pools, and agriculture. They provide nesting, feeding, and migration corridor habitat for a variety of species. A number of special-status species (wildlife and plant), as determined by CDFW or the USFWS, inhabit or forage within the Natomas Basin.

The 1994 North Natomas Community Plan required the development and implementation of a Habitat Conservation Plan as mitigation for development in North Natomas. The NBHCP is a conservation plan supporting application for incidental take permits (ITPs) under Section 10(a)(1)(B) of the Endangered Species Act and under Section 2081 of the California Fish and Game Code. The purpose of the NBHCP is to promote biological conservation in conjunction with economic and urban development within the Permit Areas of the Natomas Basin. The NBHCP establishes a multi-species conservation program to minimize and mitigate the expected loss of habitat values and incidental take of Covered Species that would result from urban development, operation of irrigation and drainage systems, and certain activities associated with The Natomas Basin Conservancy’s management of its system of reserves established under the NBHCP. The goal of the NBHCP is to minimize incidental take of the Covered Species in the Permit Areas, and to provide mitigation for the impacts of Covered Activities on the Covered Species and their habitat.

In 1997, the NBHCP was approved by the City of Sacramento and ITPs were issued to the City by USFWS and CDFW. Subsequently, the 1997 NBHCP was challenged and on August 15, 2000, the United States District Court, Eastern District, ruled that the USFWS ITP was invalid and an Environmental Impact Statement was required. On May 15, 2001, in a Federal court ruling, a Settlement Agreement was attained which granted a motion modifying the Order to allow incidental take protection for limited development within the City of Sacramento with the provision of mitigation land in specific areas of the Natomas Basin. Development of 1,068 acres of land in both North and South Natomas would be allowed to proceed if in compliance with mitigation requirements of the Settlement Agreement.

The City of Sacramento, Sutter County and the USFWS prepared a revised NBHCP and an Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statement that were approved on May 13, 2003 by the Sacramento City Council. On June 27, 2003, the USFWS issued ITPs to the City of Sacramento, Sutter County, and The Natomas Basin Conservancy. CDFW issued an amended ITP on July 10, 2003. The City’s permit area per the approved 2003 NBHCP, Implementation Agreement for the NBHCP and ITPs allow for the development (grading) of 8,050-acres within the City of Sacramento. Grading Permits issued from the HCP inception to December 31, 2018, total 6,663.12 acres (includes both North and South Natomas).

Natomas Basin Habitat
Conservation Plan Area
City's Permit Area under the
Natomas Basin Habitat
Conservation Plan
Sacramento City Limit
Sphere of Influence
Policy Area
Water
City of Sacramento Commmunity Development Department, 2018; CDFW, 2020 Z:\Projects\j1149901\MAPDOC\TBR\Section 6 Env Resources\Figure6-6_NBHCP.mxd 0 0.5 1 2 Mile
Figure 6-6
Natomas Basin HCP

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

The NBHCP mitigation requirements include:
• Payment of HCP fees and mitigation at a ratio of 0.5 to 1. The mitigation can be satisfied by payment of the full HCP fee (which includes land acquisition fee) or the 0.5 to 1 ratio mitigation can be provided by land dedication. Developers of 50+ acres are required to dedicate land to meet the 0.5 to 1 mitigation ratio.
• Reconnaissance-level surveys to determine what habitats are present on a proposed development site. (Reconnaissance surveys are submitted with the developer’s application.) • Pre-construction surveys for potential special-status species not less than 30 days or more than 6 months prior to construction activities.
• Species-specific mitigation, as required, per USFWS and CDFW protocol. • Urban Development Permit (Grading permit) prior to removal of habitat

6.3 Water Resources and Quality

INTRODUCTION
This section describes the existing water resources within the Policy Area. It also includes, federal, state, and local regulations pertaining to water resources and quality. A discussion of the sewer and drainage system within the Policy Area is contained in Section 4.1. Information on water infrastructure and available water supply can be found in Sections 4.2 Domestic Water, and 4.3 Water Supply. Flooding hazards are addressed in Section 7.2.

EXISTING CONDITIONS
Precipitation
The Policy Area experiences most precipitation between November and April (see Figure 6-7).

Essentially all of the precipitation that occurs in the Policy Area is rain. Based on data gathered at Sacramento Executive Airport between November 1941 and June 2016, average annual rainfall is approximately 17.24 inches, but can range from wet to dry years. Between 1941 and 2016, recorded annual rainfall ranged from a low of 5.81 inches in 2013 to a high of 33.44 inches in 1983 (Western Regional Climate Center 2018).

Figure 6-7: Average Total Monthly Precipitation
Source: Western Regional Climate Center 2016.

Surface Water Resources
The city of Sacramento is located at the confluence of the Sacramento and American rivers in the Sacramento River Basin (Figure 6-8). The Sacramento River Basin encompasses about 27,000 square miles and is bound by the Sierra Nevada to the east, the Coast Ranges to the west, the Cascade Range and Trinity Mountains to the north, and the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta to the southeast. The Sacramento River Basin is the largest river basin in California, capturing, on average, approximately 22 million acre-feet of annual precipitation.

Sacramento River
The Sacramento River extends over 300 miles from the Klamath Mountains in the north to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. It is California’s largest river, with an annual runoff of 22,000,000 acre-feet. The Sacramento River is managed by dams for power generation, flood control, water supply, recreation, fisheries, and wildlife.

Six small tributaries of the Sacramento River pass through, and provide drainage for, the city of Sacramento. These tributaries are: Dry Creek, Magpie Creek, and Arcade Creek north of the American River; and Morrison Creek, Elder Creek, and Laguna Creek south of the American River.

Approximately 40 miles south of the Sacramento area, the Sacramento River joins the San Joaquin River in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which drains into the San Francisco Bay. 0 1
2 3
4 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Precipitation (inches)
Average Total Monthly Precipitation
Sacramento Executive Airport,
1941-2016

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

American River
The American River, which has a watershed that encompasses approximately 1,900 square miles from the western slope of the Sierra Nevada to the city of Sacramento, is a tributary to the Sacramento River. The river is regulated by dams, canals, and pipelines for power generation, flood control, water supply, recreation, fisheries, and wildlife management. Folsom Dam, located on the American River, is owned and operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and divides the upper watershed from the lower watershed. Folsom Lake and its afterbay, Lake Natoma, release water to the lower American River and to Folsom South Canal at Nimbus Dam. The operation of Folsom Dam and Nimbus Dam directly affects most of the water utilities on the American River system.

Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
The I Street Bridge over the Sacramento River is the northern boundary of the Legal Delta, as defined in California Water Code Section 12220. River elevation up to this point is subject to muted tidal influence.

Other Surface Water Bodies
The Policy Area contains many natural and man-made drainage features that ultimately drain into the Sacramento River. In addition to those listed above, local surface water drainages or creeks such as Chicken Ranch and Strong Ranch Sloughs, Florin Creek, and Rio Linda Creek are major natural drainages within the Policy Area. Man-made drainage canals, such as the Natomas East Main Drain Canal and the East, West, and Main Drainage Canals provide drainage for a large portion of the urbanized areas within the Policy Area that are not served by the combined sewer system (CSS) or the City’s drainage collection system.

Surface Water Quality
The beneficial uses of the Sacramento and American rivers identified by the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board (CVRWQCB) include municipal, agricultural, and recreational water supply. Other beneficial uses include freshwater habitat, spawning grounds, wildlife habitat, navigation on the Sacramento River, and industrial (power generation) uses on the American River (CVRWQCB 2012). Ambient water quality in the Sacramento and American rivers is influenced by numerous natural and artificial sources, including soil erosion, discharges from industrial and residential wastewater plants, stormwater runoff, agriculture, recreation activities, mining, timber harvesting, and flora and fauna. The reaches of the Sacramento and American rivers that flow through the Sacramento urban area are considered impaired for certain fish consumption and aquatic habitat and are listed on the EPA approved 2006 section 303(d) list of water quality limited segments. The Sacramento River is listed as impaired under the 303(d) list for mercury, an unknown toxicity, PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls), Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), Dieldrin, and Chlordane. The American River is listed for mercury, an unknown toxicity, PCBs, bifenthrin, pyrethroids, and indicator bacteria. Other major creeks, drainage canals, and sloughs in the city boundaries are also listed for pesticides and copper.

Watt/I-80
Watt/I-80 West
Roseville Road
Marconi/Arcade
Royal
Oaks
Arden/Del Paso
Globe Avenue
16th Street
23rd
Street 29th
Street
39th
Street
48th
Street 59th
Street
University/
65th Street
Power Inn
College
Greens
Watt/Manlove
Starfire
Tiber
Butterfield
Broadway (& 19th)
4th Ave./
Wayne Hultgren
City College
Fruitridge
47th Avenue
Florin
Meadowview
Swanston
Airport
Station
Club Center Dr/
N. Village Center
North Natomas
Town Center
East Town Center
Arco Arena
Arena
Blvd.

Gateway Park/
Market Place
San Juan Rd.

Pebblestone Way
W. El Camino Ave.

Richards
Blvd.

Franklin
Blvd.

Cosumnes River
Center Parkway
Morrison Creek
Railyards
Twin
Rivers
16Th St 15Th St Land Park Dr
Grand Ave
Garden Hwy
La Riviera Dr
Broadway
Fair Oaks Blvd
Sheldon Rd
Stockton Blvd
Gerber Rd
J St
San Juan Rd
Marconi Ave
Fulton Ave
Ethan Way Bruceville Rd
Elder Creek Rd
Franklin Blvd
Pocket Rd
Engle Rd
Greenhaven D r
Auburn Blvd
Windbridg
R
e Dr
ush River Dr
N 12Th St
Rio Linda Blvd
El Camino Ave
59Th St
Alta Arden Expy
Ha venside Dr
Fruitridge Rd
X St
American River Dr
Mckinley Blvd
Marysville Blvd
Watt Ave
24Th St
Gloria Dr
Norwood Ave
Eastern Ave
Elvas Ave
Richards Blvd
Hov n anian Dr
Danbrook D r
3Rd St
19Th St
9Th St 10Th St
Florin Rd
Truxel Rd
Natomas Cen tral Dr
Main Ave
21St St
W El Camino Ave
Hurley Way
Florin Perkins Rd
College Town Dr
Freeport Blvd
Northgate B vl d
13Th St
Valley Hi Dr
Sutterville Rd
47Th Ave
Seamas Ave
Cottage Way
Ha rv ard St
Northborough Dr
Riverside Blvd
Roseville Rd
H St
Arden Way
5Th St
Jackson Rd
Bell Ave
Westlake P kwy
Edison Ave
Kiefer Blvd
Mission Av e
French Rd
Q St
P St
N St
L St
I St
W St
Arena Blvd
Bridgecross Dr
Azeved o Dr
Club Center Dr
Power Inn Rd Howe Ave
Del Paso Blvd
Northrop Ave
Meadowview Rd
Silver Eagle Rd
Del Paso Rd
E kl Grove F ol rin Rd
C St
Elsie Ave
Brookfield Dr
El Centro Rd
Raley Blvd
Natomas Bl vd
Calvine Rd
Mack Rd
W Elkhorn Blvd
N Market Blvd
46Th St
Center Pkwy
E Commerce Way
Folsom Blvd
65Th St
65Th Street Expy
Exposition Blvd
SWatt Ave
Lone Tree Rd
Cosumnes River Blvd
Power Line Rd
Hedge Ave
Surface Water
Sacramento City Limit
Sphere of Influence
Policy Area
Water
Light Rail
Station
Blue Line
Blue/Gold Line
Gold Line
Green Line
Proposed Green Line Extension
Source: City of Sacramento Commmunity Development Department, 2018 Z:\Projects\j1149901\MAPDOC\TBR\Section 6 Env Resources\Figure6-8_SurfaceWater.mxd 0 0.5 1 2 Mile
Alkali Flat/
La Valentina
12th & I
Cathedral
Square
St. Rose of
Lima Park
- 9th & K St. Rose of Lima Park
- 7th & K
7th & Capitol
8th & Capitol
Archives Plaza
(Eastbound)
Archives Plaza
(Northbound) 8th & O
(Eastbound)
8th & O
(Northbound)
13th Street
16th Street
Sacramento
Valley
7th & I St/
County Center
8th & K St
Cathedral
Square
8th & H St/
County Center
J ST
3RD ST
10TH ST
9TH ST
5TH ST
N ST
L ST
Figure 6-8
Surface Water

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

The Natomas East Main Drainage Canal (downstream of confluence with Arcade Creek) is listed for the pesticide diazinon, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Diazinon. Table 6-4 shows waterbodies in the urbanized Sacramento area that are considered impaired based on identified exceedances of water quality standards. Based on current water quality reports, the American and Sacramento rivers are both excellent drinking water sources.

These rivers can be treated to meet all Title 22 drinking water standards using conventional and direct filtration processes, and newer membrane technologies. There are no persistent constituents in the raw waters that require additional treatment processes. Chemical treatments are sometimes seasonally required to treat for rice herbicides.

Urban Runoff
Within the Policy Area, constituents found in urban runoff vary as a result of differences in geographic features, land use, vehicle traffic, and percent of impervious surface. Seasonally, there is a natural weather pattern of a long dry period from May to October in the Sacramento area. During this seasonal dry period, pollutants contributed by vehicle exhaust, vehicle and tire wear, crankcase drippings, spills, and atmospheric fallout accumulate within the urban watershed. Precipitation during the early portion of the wet season (November) washes these pollutants into the stormwater runoff, which can result in elevated pollutant concentrations in the initial wet weather runoff. This initial runoff with peak pollutant levels is referred to as the "first flush." Concentrations of heavy metals present in dry weather runoff (e.g., runoff during the dry season is generated by landscape irrigation, street washing, etc.) are typically lower than concentrations measured in wet weather runoff (runoff generated during the rainy season primarily by precipitation).

In general, stormwater runoff within the City flows into either the City’s CSS or into individual drainage sumps located throughout the Policy Area. Water collected by the CSS is transported to the Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District’s Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant, where it is treated prior to discharge into the Sacramento River. During dry weather, approximately 25 million gallons per day (mgd) are transported to the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant. For smaller storms, the City sends up to 60 mgd of wastewater to the Wastewater Treatment Plant. All piping, drains, basins and pumps connected to the CSS are maintained and operated by the City’s Department of Utilities.

When the flows in the CSS exceed 60 mgd, flows are routed to Pioneer Reservoir, a 28 million gallon storage and primary treatment facility located near the intersection of I-5 and U.S. 50 in the City. Once capacity of Pioneer Reservoir has been reached, an additional volume of stormwater - up to 350 mgd - can receive primary treatment with disinfection and be discharged to the Sacramento River. The City also operates its Combined Wastewater Treatment Plant on 35th Avenue, where an additional 130 mgd of combined wastewater can receive primary treatment with disinfection prior to discharging to the Sacramento River. The Combined Wastewater Treatment Plant operates under a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit (NPDES No. CA 0079111), which requires permitees to develop, administer, implement, and enforce a comprehensive Stormwater Quality

Groundwater Resources
The Policy Area is located in two subbasins of the Sacramento Valley Groundwater Basin (DWR Basin No. 5-021). From the American River south, the Policy Area is in the 248,000-acre South American Subbasin (DWR Subbasin No. 5-021.65). North of the American River, the Policy Area is within the 342,000-acre North American Subbasin (DWR Subbasin No. 5-021.64) (DWR 2019b). Both subbasins are ranked by the Department of Water Resource (DWR) as “high priority” basins with identical scores (25.5) for the total of all ranking components (DWR 2019b). DWR’s priority rating is based on estimates of population density, anticipated growth, well density, the amount of irrigated agriculture, the degree to which water demands are met from wells (versus surface water), and the existence of documented impacts (e.g., overdraft).

Improvement Plan in order to reduce pollutants in urban runoff to the maximum extent practicable.

Table 6-4: Waterbodies Exceeding Water Quality Standards Waterbody Reach
Estimated Size
Affected Pollutant/Stressor(s)
Delta
Waterways Northern portion 6,795 acres
Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos, DDT, Diazinon,
Dieldrin, Group A Pesticides, Invasive
Species Mercury, Polychlorinated
biphenyls
American River
Lower (Nimbus Dam to
confluence with
Sacramento River)
27 miles
Mercury, Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Toxicity, Bifenthrin, Pyrethroids,
Indicator Bacteria
Arcade Creek 9.9 miles
Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Copper,
Malathion, Pyrethroids, Sediment
Toxicity
Morrison Creek
Morrison Creek from
Elk Grove-Florin Rd to
Beach Lake
26 miles Diazinon, PCP, Pyrethroids, Sediment
Toxicity
Elder Creek 11 miles Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Pyrethroids, Sediment Toxicity
Chicken Ranch
Slough 8 miles Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Pyrethroids, Sediment Toxicity Natomas East
Main Drainage
Canal (aka
Steelhead
Creek)
Downstream of
confluence with
Arcade Creek

3.5 miles Diazinon, Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Mercury
Natomas East
Main Drainage
Canal (aka
Steelhead
Creek)
Upstream of
confluence with
Arcade Creek
12 miles Polychlorinated biphenyls
Sacramento
River
Knights Landing to the
Delta 16 miles Mercury, Diazinon, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrin, PCBs Source: CVRWQCB 2014-2016 integrated reports 303(d) List. Last modified Dec, 2018.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

These basins ranked as high priority because the scores for nearly all components were moderate or high (i.e., 3 or above on a 5-point scale). Accordingly, both subbasins are subject to the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, which requires preparation of a groundwater sustainability plan (GSP), or approved alternative (e.g., existing groundwater management plan or 10-Year Sustainable Yield Analysis) by January 31, 2022. For the North American Subbasin, the Sacramento Groundwater Authority intends to use its existing groundwater management plan as a basis in preparing its GSP. For the South American Subbasin, the Sacramento Central Groundwater Authority submitted an alternative assessment consisting of a 10-year sustainable yield analysis to DWR, but it was not approved.

Accordingly, the Sacramento Central Groundwater Authority must complete a GSP by the statutory deadline. Until SGMA-compliant documents are submitted to and approved by DWR, the existing groundwater management plans and practices remain in place.

Neither basin is identified by DWR as being in a state of critical overdraft (DWR 2019b).

Hydrogeologic Information
The Policy Area is underlain by various geologic formations that constitute the water-bearing deposits. These formations include an upper, unconfined aquifer system consisting of the Modesto, Riverbank, Turlock Lake, Victor, Fair Oaks, and Laguna formations, and Arroyo Seco and South Fork Gravels, and a lower, semi-confined aquifer system consisting primarily of the Mehrten Formation. These formations are typically composed of lenses of inter-bedded sand, silt, and clay that are interlaced with coarse-grained stream channel deposits. These deposits form a wedge that generally thickens from east to west to a maximum thickness of about 2,500 feet along the western margin of the subbasins (DWR 2006).

Groundwater occurs in unconfined to semi-confined states throughout the subbasins. Semiconfined conditions occur in localized areas; the degree of confinement typically increases with depth below the ground surface. Groundwater in the upper aquifer formations is typically unconfined. However, due to the mixed nature of the alluvial deposits, semi-confined conditions can be encountered at shallow depths in the upper aquifer.

Groundwater Levels
Groundwater levels in northern Sacramento County have historically decreased, declining as much as 1.5 feet annually in the 40 years prior to 2006 (DWR 2006). The Sacramento Central Groundwater Authority Biennial Basin Management Report (2012) indicates that there had been a consistent decline in groundwater levels of approximately 20 to 30 feet beginning in the 1950s and 1960s until about 1980. From 1980 through 1983, water levels recovered by about 10 feet and remained relatively stable until the beginning of the 1987 - 1992 drought. During this period, water levels declined about 15 feet. Between 1995 and 2003, most water levels recovered to levels generally higher than those prior to 1987 – 1992 drought. In some locations, this recovery has continued through the 2011-2012 reporting period (SCGA 2012).

Based on regional groundwater level monitoring wells in both subbasins, groundwater levels in the period between 2013 and 2018 have remained relatively stable overall, with average groundwater level rises and/or declines over the period being close to zero, but in all cases less

than 10 feet (in either direction). Areas experiencing average groundwater elevation rises occur in northern Sacramento County experiencing rises, whereas the Sacramento metropolitan area and the agricultural areas south of the American River are flat or experiencing slight declines (DWR 2020). As of Fall 2018, groundwater elevations in the Policy Area ranged from generally 10 to 20 feet below mean sea level (msl) in the western parts of the Policy Area near the Sacramento River, to between 60 and 70 feet below msl on the eastern edge of the Policy Area south of the Sacramento River, and up to 120 feet below msl in the northeastern tip of the Policy Area in the Arden Arcade community plan area (DWR 2020). The general direction of groundwater flow is to the west toward the Sacramento River.

Recharge. Sources of groundwater recharge include: active river and stream channels, inflow of groundwater from outside the policy area, deep percolation of applied surface water and precipitation.

Extraction. When extractions occur from a single well, a localized cone of depression is formed around the well. The shape and depth of the cone of depression depend on several factors including (but not limited to): (1) the rate of extraction; (2) the presence of nearby sources of recharge and extraction; (3) the rate of water transmitted through the aquifer; and (4) the “confined” or “unconfined” state of the aquifer. Over a period of time, extraction from an unconfined aquifer can de-water the aquifer around the well. However, when extraction ceases, the water level within the aquifer typically rebounds to its pre-extraction condition. A confined or semi-confined aquifer behaves differently, since the water is under pressure from a recharge source. Instead of de-watering the aquifer, a change in confining pressure occurs as a result of extractions; the aquifer remains saturated.

Large, regional cones of depression can form in areas where multiple groundwater extraction wells are in operation. The location and shape of a regional cone of depression is influenced by the same factors as a single well, but may be broader in scale and intensity due to the cumulative/ compounding effects of multiple wells simultaneously pumping in the same general area. Fluctuations in regional cones of depression are measured over years and result from changes in recharge or extractions. A sequence of successive dry years can decrease the amount of natural recharge to the aquifer and often a coinciding increase in groundwater extraction. Consequently, groundwater elevations decrease in response to this imbalance between recharge and extraction. Over time, the shape and location of the aquifer’s regional cone of depression fluctuates. The lack of a substantial or sustained groundwater level decline over the past decade within the Policy Area, despite the occurrence of a historic drought during the same period, supports the notion that conjunctive use programs, aggressive urban conservation, establishment of the Water Forum Agreement in the North American Subbasin (which established a sustainable yield and water accounting framework), and the ongoing implementation of other groundwater management policies and programs have been successful in avoiding the more substantial groundwater level declines that might have otherwise been expected to accompany drought period.

There are many groundwater extraction wells in, and adjacent to, the Policy Area. According the DWR’s SGMA data viewer, the North American Subbasin has an average of 7.03 wells per square mile and an average groundwater use of 0.6 acre-feet per basin acre (DWR 2020). The South American Subbasin has an average of 10.74 wells per square mile and an average groundwater use of 0.58 acre-feet per basin acre (DWR 2020). Note that the average

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND REPORT

groundwater use per basin acre is inclusive of all non-deminimis groundwater uses, including agricultural, industrial and municipal supply.

Groundwater Quality
Groundwater quality in the Policy Area is generally within the secondary drinking water standards for municipal use, including levels of iron, manganese, arsenic, chromium, and nitrates. Both subbasins provide a good quality, reliable source of supply for the City, i.e., the quality of groundwater in the basin is suitable for nearly all uses, with the exception of documented areas of contamination and localized quality issues (City of Sacramento 2017).

The water quality in the upper aquifer system is regarded as superior to that of the lower aquifer system, principally because the lower aquifer system (specifically the Mehrten formation) contains higher concentrations of iron and manganese. The lower aquifer system also has higher concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS, a measure of salinity) than the upper aquifer, although it typically meets standards as a potable water supply (DWR 2004).

Water from the upper aquifer generally does not require treatment (other than disinfection) (SGA 2014). Known naturally-occurring contaminants of concern within the Policy Area include arsenic, manganese, and methane with additional anthropogenic source of contamination including those associated with military installations, dry cleaning operations, and chrome plating (City of Sacramento 2017).

Groundwater Contamination. Groundwater containing elevated levels of contaminants is present within or near the Policy Area. Contaminant plumes are associated with the former Southern Pacific and Union Pacific Railyards east of the Capitol Building along the American River (downtown Sacramento), former McClellan Air Force Base (AFB) north of the Policy Area, former Mather AFB east of the Policy Area, and the Aerojet site along the American River in Rancho Cordova east of the Policy Area. For the McClellan AFB plumes, the primary contaminants of concern (COC) are trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethene (PCE), cis-1,2- dichloroethene (DCE), 1,4-dioxane, and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCA). A groundwater treatment system at the McClellan AFB consists of 80 extraction wells with the capacity to treat up to 1,400 gallons per minute. For the Mather AFB plumes, the primary COCs are perchlorate, TCE, PCE, and carbon tetrachloride. For the Aerojet plume, the primary COCs are TCE, perchlorate, n-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), 1,4-dioxane. In addition to these major groundwater contaminant plumes, there are currently hazardous materials listed sites within the Policy Area (see Section 7.5 Hazardous Materials). Please see Chapter 7, Section 7.5 Hazardous Materials for more information regarding areas of groundwater contamination.

Water agencies pro-actively avoid these specific areas when siting new wells, and closely monitor existing municipal supply closest to these contaminant plumes for any evidence that plume migration threatens the supply.

Drinking Water
The American and Sacramento rivers provide approximately 80 to 85 percent of the City’s drinking water supply (City of Sacramento 2017). Groundwater resources supply the remaining 15 to 20 percent of drinking water, relying on 33 permitted municipal supply wells, 31 of which are located in the North American Subbasin and 2 of which are located in the South