Sacramento City Council
July 22, 2025

City of Sacramento
City Council - 2PM Report
915 I Street Sacramento, CA 95814
www.cityofsacramento.org
File ID: 2025-01313 7/22/2025
[Pass for Publication] Ordinance Listing 12 Landmark Properties and the New Helvetia Historic District on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources and adopting the Historic District Plan for the New Helvetia Historic District (M23-003) File ID: 2025-01313
Location: 2014 10th Street (009-0121-015-0000); 6390 South Land Park Drive (024-0297-002-0000); 4991 Warwick Avenue (022-0103-024-0000); 4322 4th Avenue (014-0163-057-0000); 4214-4216 Lotus Avenue (018-0031-003-0000); 4200 Broadway (014-0191-046-0000); 3948 33rd Street (020-0043-008-0000); 3639 4th Avenue (010-0385-012-0000); 3555 3rd Avenue (010-0381-019-0000); 2710 X Street (010-0241-029-0000); 2685 26th Street (010-0355-014-0000); 2404 21st Street (010-0216-008-0000); Multiple Addresses, New Helvetia Historic District (009-0030-037-0000, 009-0030-038-0000, 009-0030-041-0000) - District 4 and District 5 Recommendation: 1) Review an ordinance listing 12 properties as landmarks and the New Helvetia Historic District as a historic district on the Sacramento register of historic and cultural resources (M23-003); 2) review an ordinance adopting the Historic District Plan for the New Helvetia Historic District; and 3) pass for publication both ordinance titles per Sacramento City Charter section 32(c) for City Council consideration on August 12, 2025.

Contact: Sean de Courcy, Preservation Director, (916) 808-2796, [email protected], Community Development Department
Presenter: None.

Attachments:
1-Description/Analysis
2-Background
3-Ordinance Listing 12 Landmarks and the New Helvetia Historic District 4-Ordinance Adopting the New Helvetia Historic District Plan 5-Exibit A: New Helvetia Historic District Plan
6-Final Draft Historic Resource Evaluations
7-Final Draft Historic Context Statement and Survey Findings 8-Public Comments

File ID: 2025-01313 7/22/2025
Description/Analysis
Issue/Detail: Beginning in late 2021, the City’s Historic Preservation Office has overseen a history project with the goal of better understanding African American historical contributions and experiences in Sacramento. This project has been termed the “African American Experience” history project, or “AAE project” and included a Historic Context Statement (HCS), development of an oral history collection, and documentation (survey) of individual historic buildings and sites associated with significant people and events that exemplify the African American experience in Sacramento from the City’s founding through the recent past. The AAE initial project was funded through a $50,000 grant from the National Trust for Historic Preservation, which administers the federal African American Cultural Heritage Action Fund (AACHAF) grant program.

Accepted by City Council in 2023, the AAE project identified a group of properties of historical and cultural significance related to Sacramento’s African American heritage. At the final City Council hearing where the City adopted the findings of the project, the city council recommended future actions, including listing individual properties as landmarks and the New Helvetia Historic District as a historic district on the Sacramento Register pursuant to the criteria for eligibility described in Sacramento City Code section 17.604.210 (as shown in Table 1 below).

Table 1: Nominated Property Information
Address Property Name APN Eligibility Criteria
2014 10th
Street
Dr. Arthur R. Trent’s
Dentist Office
009-0121-015-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(ii),
(iv)
6390 South
Land Park
Drive
Leon Residence 024-0297-002-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(iii), (iv)
4991 Warwick
Avenue
Anthony Francis
Residence
022-0103-024-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(ii)
4322 4th
Avenue
Dunlap’s Dining
Room
014-0163-057-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(ii)
4214-4216
Lotus Avenue
Canson House 018-0031-003-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(ii),
(iv)
4200
Broadway
Morgan-Jones
Funeral Home
014-0191-046-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(ii),
(iv)
3948 33rd
Street
Harrison Crump
Residence
020-0043-008-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(ii)
3639 4th
Avenue
Oak Park School of
Afro-American
Thought
010-0385-012-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(i), (ii)
3555 3rd
Avenue
Negro Women’s Civic
Improvement Club
010-0381-019-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(i),
(iv)
2710 X Street Crossroads Building 010-0241-029-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(iii), (iv)
2685 26th
Street
Lewis Nelson
Crawford House
010-0355-014-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(i), (ii)
2404 21st
Street
Canson Law Office &
NAACP Credit Union
010-0216-008-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(ii)
Multiple New Helvetia Historic
District
009-0030-037-0000,
009-0030-038-0000,
009-0030-041-0000

17.604.210(B)(1)(a),
(b),(c)

File ID: 2025-01313 7/22/2025
Address Property Name APN Eligibility Criteria
2014 10th
Street
Dr. Arthur R. Trent’s
Dentist Office
009-0121-015-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(ii),
(iv)
6390 South
Land Park
Drive
Leon Residence 024-0297-002-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(iii), (iv)
4991 Warwick
Avenue
Anthony Francis
Residence
022-0103-024-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(ii)
4322 4th
Avenue
Dunlap’s Dining
Room
014-0163-057-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(ii)
4214-4216
Lotus Avenue
Canson House 018-0031-003-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(ii),
(iv)
4200
Broadway
Morgan-Jones
Funeral Home
014-0191-046-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(ii),
(iv)
3948 33rd
Street
Harrison Crump
Residence
020-0043-008-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(ii)
3639 4th
Avenue
Oak Park School of
Afro-American
Thought
010-0385-012-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(i), (ii)
3555 3rd
Avenue
Negro Women’s Civic
Improvement Club
010-0381-019-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(i),
(iv)
2710 X Street Crossroads Building 010-0241-029-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(iii), (iv)
2685 26th
Street
Lewis Nelson
Crawford House
010-0355-014-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(i), (ii)
2404 21st
Street
Canson Law Office &
NAACP Credit Union
010-0216-008-0000 17.604.210(A)(1)(ii)
Multiple New Helvetia Historic
District
009-0030-037-0000,
009-0030-038-0000,
009-0030-041-0000

17.604.210(B)(1)(a),
(b),(c)
Community Outreach: The African American Experience Project was the subject of extensive community outreach and participation spanning multiple years. As for the nominated properties, notices describing the proposed landmark and district nominations were sent to the property owners as required by the city code. Relevant community organizations and neighborhood associations have been notified of the proceedings. Staff reached out to each property owner by U.S. mail on October 5, 2023, and again on March 1, 2025, alerting the property owners to the potential of a landmark nomination for their property and inviting them to contact staff to answer any questions. One letter of support was received from the owner of 3555 3rd Avenue (Negro Women’s Civic Improvement Club).

One letter of opposition was received from the owner of 4214-4216 Lotus Avenue (Canson House). A letter of concern with questions was received from the owner of 2685 26th Street (Lewis Nelson Crawford House), but after a conversation with staff the owner expressed support for the nomination.

Policy Considerations: Evaluating and listing the 12 individually significant properties and the New Helvetia Historic District associated with the African American Experience (AAE) project is consistent with the Historic Preservation Chapter (17.604) of the City Code and advances the goals of the 2040 General Plan. Listing these properties on the Sacramento Register will help ensure their long-term preservation and encourage their appropriate rehabilitation in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties.

The Sacramento 2040 General Plan, Goal HCR-1.1, underscores the importance of preserving historic and cultural resources, landscapes, and site features. Specifically, Policy HCR-1.1 states that, “The City will continue to promote the preservation, restoration, enhancement, and recognition of historic and cultural resources throughout the city.” In support of this policy, the Preservation Director and staff regularly update the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources to reflect new findings, including resources associated with communities historically underrepresented in preservation efforts.

This nomination represents the culmination of a multi-year effort to identify, document, and elevate

File ID: 2025-01313 7/22/2025
the contributions of African Americans to Sacramento’s history. The project was supported by a grant from the National Trust for Historic Preservation’s African American Cultural Heritage Action Fund and included a historic context statement, oral history interviews, and an intensive-level survey of associated properties. The nomination directly advances General Plan Policy HCR-1.5, which calls for conducting historic resource surveys and context statements as necessary to identify and preserve significant resources.

In addition to listing these individual properties, the nomination includes adoption of a Historic District Plan for the New Helvetia Historic District. As required by City Code Section 17.604.300, this Historic District Plan supports General Plan Policy HCR-1.4, which calls for the establishment and maintenance of historic districts to preserve and restore areas of historical significance. The plan provides a framework for managing change within the district and supports Policy HCR-1.3 by ensuring that new development, alterations, and rehabilitation projects are compatible with the district’s historic character. It emphasizes the importance of scale, massing, and design compatibility within historically significant environments.

Economic Impacts: None.

Environmental Considerations: Listing the 12 properties as individual landmarks, the New Helvetia Historic District as a historic district, and the contributing resources within the historic district on the Sacramento register is exempt from review under the California Environmental Quality Act pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15308. Section 15308 exempts from review acts that are undertaken to assure the maintenance, restoration, enhancement, or protection of the environment where the regulatory process involves procedures for protection of the environment. These listings will ensure that future development on these parcels will undergo preservation review, as part of the city’s site plan and design review process, prior to the granting of any entitlements, thereby protecting the historic resource, which would be considered part of the environment. Evaluating the district and adopting a historic district plan, consistent with city code requirements, is also exempt from review under Section 15308.

Sustainability: Not Applicable.

Commission/Committee Action: On May 22, 2025, the City of Sacramento’s Preservation Director, in conformance with Section 17.604.220 of the City Code, held a public hearing, reviewed a Statement of Nomination prepared by staff and concurred with a draft statement of nomination and directed staff to prepare a draft Ordinance (Attachment 4) for review and consideration by the Preservation Commission. On June 18, 2025, in accordance with City Code Sections 17.604.220 and

17.604.300, the Preservation Commission held a public hearing, reviewed both (i) the draft ordinance listing 12 properties as landmarks and the New Helvetia Historic District as a historic district on the Sacramento register of historic and cultural resources and (ii) the draft ordinance adopting the Historic District Plan for the New Helvetia Historic District, and recommended that the City Council

File ID: 2025-01313 7/22/2025
adopt both ordinances.

Rationale for Recommendation: Listing the 12 nominated properties and the New Helvetia Historic District on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources is consistent with the Historic Preservation Chapter (17.604) of the City Code and the goals of the 2040 General Plan. These resources are significant for their associations with Sacramento’s African American cultural and social history. Each property and the district collectively embody historical and architectural themes identified as part of the African American Experience project that reflect resilience, civil rights advocacy, and community development.

The nominated resources include notable examples of Mid-Century Modern and Vernacular architecture, as well as culturally significant locations tied to prominent individuals, organizations, and events in Sacramento’s African American history. Examples include Dr. Arthur R. Trent’s Dentist Office, designed by George Muraki, which represents the struggles and achievements of Sacramento’s first post-WWII African American dentist, and the Leon Residence, designed by James C. Dodd, the first licensed African American architect in the city. These resources reflect both architectural significance and the cultural contributions of important African Americans in Sacramento.

The New Helvetia Historic District is the only site in the City directly associated with Nathaniel Colley’s groundbreaking efforts in fair housing and civil rights advocacy. The district retains its integrity of design, materials, setting, and association, exemplifying the fight for equal housing and the cultural heritage of its residents.

These properties and the district collectively demonstrate the importance of preserving places that tell the story of Sacramento’s diverse history. Their designation as landmarks and a historic district is reasonable, appropriate, and necessary to protect, promote, and further the City’s historic preservation goals. Listing these resources will ensure their long-term preservation and recognition, enriching Sacramento’s identity and heritage and is consistent with the mission of the African American Experience Project:

AAE Project Goals:
• Acknowledge racial injustice using history
• Document Black history in an accurate narrative
• Recognize historic properties important to the Black community • Challenge misinformation about the Black experience
• Record Black voices for future generations
AAE Project Potential Outcomes:

File ID: 2025-01313 7/22/2025
• Celebrate Black history embedded in neighborhoods and places • Lay a foundation for future grant-funded projects
• Leave the community with a toolkit for understanding the past • Preserve places and stories important to the Black community • Help advance city and statewide efforts to address racial injustice Financial Considerations: Not applicable.

Local Business Enterprise (LBE): Not applicable.

Background
These nominations are a direct outcome of the African American Experience (AAE) Project, an initiative launched to recognize, document, and celebrate the contributions of Sacramento’s African American community. This effort, funded in part by the African American Cultural Heritage Action Fund (AACHAF) and supplemented by City resources and community partnerships, builds upon the City’s ongoing commitment to equity, diversity, and historic preservation.

Purpose and Scope of Nominations
In 2023, the Sacramento City Council accepted the findings of the AAE Historic Context Statement and Survey, which identified numerous properties of historical and cultural significance. The current nominations represent a curated selection of these resources, chosen for their outstanding contributions to African American heritage in Sacramento.

The proposed nominations include 12 individual landmark properties and the New Helvetia Historic District. Together, these resources embody themes of resilience, innovation, and community-building within Sacramento’s African American history.

Nominated Resources

1. Dr. Arthur R. Trent’s Dentist Office (2014 10th Street) This Mid-Century Modern structure, designed by George Muraki, served as the office of Dr. Arthur R. Trent, Sacramento’s first post-WWII African American dentist. Dr. Trent was a pioneer in his field and a civil rights advocate, overcoming racial barriers to establish his practice and contribute to the community’s health and welfare.

2. Leon Residence (6390 South Land Park Drive)
Designed by James C. Dodd, Sacramento’s first licensed African American architect, this residence exemplifies the Mid-Century Modern style. The Leon Residence reflects Dodd’s architectural innovation and his contributions to Sacramento’s built environment.

3. Anthony Francis Residence (4991 Warwick Avenue)
The home of Anthony Francis, a prominent community leader and the first president of the Oak Park Neighborhood Council. This property symbolizes Francis’s grassroots advocacy for civil rights and his efforts to improve neighborhood conditions.

4. Dunlap’s Dining Room (4322 4th Avenue)
Operated by George and Annie Dunlap, this restaurant became a cornerstone of African American entrepreneurship and a celebrated gathering place for the community.

5. Canson House (4214-4216 Lotus Avenue)
Home to Clarence and Virna Canson, civil rights leaders who established the NAACP Credit Union and fought against housing discrimination. This property embodies their legacy of advocacy and community service.

6. Morgan-Jones Funeral Home (4200 Broadway)
Operated by Grace Morgan-Jones, this establishment provided essential services to the African American community. Its design by James R. McCabe highlights postwar architectural trends.

7. Harrison Crump Residence (3948 33rd Street)
Home to Harrison Crump, a long-time coach and mentor in Oak Park’s Little League Association. His contributions to youth development are commemorated in the renaming of a local baseball field in his honor.

8. Oak Park School of Afro-American Thought (3639 4th Avenue) A vital hub for Black Student Union activities and community engagement during the 1970s. This site is significant for its role in promoting Black education and activism.

9. Negro Women’s Civic Improvement Club (3555 3rd Avenue) This building served as the headquarters for a pivotal organization advocating for civil rights and community improvement, with a long history of collaboration on housing and social services.

10. Crossroads Building (2710 X Street)
The office of James C. Dodd, this structure represents the achievements of Sacramento’s first licensed African American architect. It reflects his contributions to civil rights and modern architecture.

11. Lewis Nelson Crawford House (2685 26th Street)
The residence and office of Sacramento’s first African American real estate broker.

Crawford’s business provided housing opportunities during a time of rampant discrimination, symbolizing the rise of Black entrepreneurship.

12. Canson Law Office & NAACP Credit Union (2404 21st Street) This property served as the law office of Clarence Canson, Sacramento’s first African American graduate of McGeorge Law School, and the headquarters of the Sacramento NAACP Credit Union, managed by civil rights leader Virna Canson. From this location, the Cansons played a pivotal role in advancing civil rights and fair housing in Sacramento during the 1950s and 1960s. Their legal and financial advocacy— particularly through landmark cases such as Ming v. Horgan—helped dismantle discriminatory housing practices more than a decade before the passage of the federal Fair Housing Act.

13. New Helvetia Historic District
This district highlights the fight for fair housing led by NAACP attorney Nathaniel Colley.

His groundbreaking legal efforts challenged segregation policies and secured equal housing rights in Sacramento. The district’s significance is further enhanced by its design, the only collaborative effort by Sacramento’s master architects Charles Dean, Leonard Starks, Ed Flanders, and Harry Devine Sr.

Public Engagement and Research
The nomination process has been informed by extensive public outreach, archival research, and collaboration with community partners. Over 40 oral histories collected and intensive historical research performed as part of the AAE Project provided personal insights into these resources’ historical significance. Public meetings, surveys, and partnerships with organizations like the California Black Chamber of Commerce and Shiloh Baptist Church ensured a transparent and inclusive process.

Listing these properties and the historic district on the Sacramento Register recognizes their architectural and cultural importance while ensuring their preservation for future generations. These nominations not only honor African American history but also advance the City’s broader goals of equity and inclusion in historic preservation efforts.

By celebrating these stories and places, the City affirms its commitment to acknowledging and preserving Sacramento’s diverse heritage.

ORDINANCE NO. ___

Adopted by the Sacramento City Council

[Date Adopted]

AN ORDINANCE LISTING 12 LANDMARK PROPERTIES AND THE NEW HELVITIA HISTORIC

DISTRICT ON THE SACRAMENTO REGISTER OF HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES

BACKGROUND

A. The city council has found “that significant aspects of the city’s rich and diverse historic resources deserve recognition and preservation to foster an understanding of our heritage, and to promote the public health and safety and the economic and general welfare of the people of the city. The preservation and continued use of historic resources are effective tools to sustain and revitalize neighborhoods and business districts within the city, enhance the city’s economic, cultural and aesthetic standing, its identity and its livability, marketability and urban character.” (Sacramento City Code, §

17.604.100.A.)

B. To this end, the city code provides a mechanism for listing landmarks, historic districts, and contributing resources on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources (“Sacramento register”).

C. On September 19, 2023, the Sacramento City Council reviewed and accepted the findings and recommendations of the African American Experience Historic Context and Survey project which included recommendations to list the 12 nominated landmark properties and the New Helvetia Historic District and its contributing resources on the Sacramento register.

D. On May 29, 2025, the Preservation Director reviewed a statement of nomination and determined that the 12 nominated landmark properties and the New Helvetia Historic District and the district’s contributing resources are eligible for listing on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources. On June 18, 2025, the Preservation Commission concurred with the findings of the Preservation Director and recommended the City Council list the nominated properties and the New Helvetia Historic District and its contributing resources on the Sacramento register.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SACRAMENTO:

SECTION 1. Landmark Properties

The city council hereby lists the properties in this section 1 as landmarks on the Sacramento register based on the following findings:

A. Dr. Arthur R. Trent’s Dentist Office at 2014 10th Street, 95818 (APN: 009-0131-015-0000)

i. The Dentist Office of Dr. Arthur R. Trent at 2014 10th Street is associated with the lives of persons significant in the city’s past. (Sacramento City Code, §

17.604.210.A.1.a.ii.)

Arthur R. Trent was the third African American dentist in Sacramento. In addition to this achievement, he also contributed to the community through participation in the local NAACP chapter and the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternal Club. After Dr. Trent moved to Sacramento in 1950, he started his dental practice here, which a decade prior didn't have any African American dentists, leading to his being identified as the first dentist of the modern (post-WWII) era. Though he initially faced significant setbacks, like not having anyone willing to lease him an office because of his race, he eventually set up his practice at 1602 18th Street. In 1965, he moved his practice to 2014 10th Street, where he remained there until 2004, when he passed. Dr. Trent’s achievements did not go unnoticed, as the local chapter of the National Dental Association and the Capital Medical Society recognized his significance at a luncheon in 2004.

ii. The Dentist Office of Dr. Arthur R. Trent at 2014 10th Street represents the work of an important creative individual or master. (Sacramento City Code, §

17.604.210.A.1.a.iv.)

George Muraki designed 2014 10th Street. Muraki was born and raised in Sacramento but was of Japanese descent and Executive Order 9066 forced him and his wife to relocate to the Tule Lake Internment Camp. He returned in 1949 after serving in the 442nd Infantry and attending Chicago Technical College afterward.

From then on, he became a self-employed architect for the Sacramento Area for the next 40 years until he died in 1991. During those 40 years, he built several notable buildings, including the Imperial House at 6083 S. Land Park Drive and the Centennial United Methodist Church at 5401 Freeport Blvd. Significant features and characteristics include the essentials for a mid-century modern building. One feature includes a flat roof with parapets located on the north and south elevations, and overhang eaves on the east (front) and west (rear) of the building. The south, west, and east elevations all contain a ribbon of short and square steel windows.

iii. The Dentist Office of Dr. Arthur R. Trent at 2014 10th Street has integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association as judged with reference to the particular criterion or criteria specified in Sacramento City Code section A.1.a. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.b.)

Since Trent’s retirement in 2004, the office has retained a high degree of historic integrity in all six aspects. The neighborhood and building remain mainly unchanged.

There have been minimal alterations after the completion of the building, and they have been compatible with the style and scale of the site.

iv. The Dentist Office of Dr. Arthur R. Trent at 2014 10th Street has significant historic or architectural worth, and its designation as a landmark is reasonable, appropriate and necessary to promote, protect and further the goals and purposes of chapter

17.604 of the Sacramento City Code. (Sacramento City Code § 17.604.210.A.1.c.)

The Dentist Office of Dr. Arthur R. Trent at 2014 10th Street has significant historic and architectural worth. It has been well-maintained and retains a high level of integrity in its location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association. 2014 10th Street is historically significant for its association with Sacramento’s African American history in Sacramento and is a notable and unique representation of George Muraki’s commercial Mid Century Modern architecture.

v. The city has considered the factors set forth Sacramento City Code section

17.604.210.A.2 and determined those factors do not apply.

B. Leon Residence at 6390 South Land Park Drive (APN: 024-0297-002-0000)

i. The Leon’s Residence at 6390 South Land Park Drive embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.a.iii.)

6390 Land Park Drive is a fine example of Mid-Century Modern residential architecture. It was designed in the Post-and-Beam style that was particularly popular in residential buildings in Sacramento during the time it was built in the mid to late 1960’s. Some of the buildings features that exemplify this style is its flat roof, the mix of materials used for the exterior’s walls, and the picture windows. These design elements make the building eligible for listing in the Sacramento Register for embodying the distinctive characteristics of a the Mid Century Modern style of residential architecture. Significant features and characteristics include an irregular massing containing a semi-enclosed, u-shape courtyard entry with a compound floor ground plan. The roofing is flat, low, and broad, with wide overhangs and fully enclosed eaves. Above the semi-enclosed courtyard, exposed wooden rafters can be seen. The building is clad in patterned wood siding, which contains smooth finish plywood siding with decorative trim boards to create a paneled look. The northeast side of the front façade features a concrete masonry veneer with a contemporary pattern. Above this portion of the structure, there is a raised ceiling section protruding upwards, with clerestory windows separated by mullions on all four sides. A concrete masonry clad, metal hooded chimney is locked on top of the raised ceiling section.

ii. The Leon Residence at 6390 South Land Park Drive represents the work of an important creative individual or master. (Sacramento City Code, §

17.604.210.A.1.a.iv.)

James C. Dodd built the Leon residence at 9390 South Land Park Drive. Dodd was a renowned architect in the Sacramento area, but is particularly significant as the first licensed African American architect in the city and greater Sacramento region. He was especially known for the Mid-Century Modern style buildings he created. Before architecture, Dodd served in the Army as a lieutenant during WWII. After the war ended, he used his benefits from the G.I. bill to go to the University of California, Berkley. He studied architecture, which led to working as a draftsman for the State Division of Architecture. He then began to work for Sacramento's oldest Architecture firm, Barovetto & Thomas. Dodd mainly designed educational facilities, churches, and a mix of private and public buildings throughout Sacramento. One of his most notable buildings is the Shiloh Baptist Church, which is listed on the Sacramento, California, and National historic registers. Though most of Dodd’s works were here in Sacramento, his works did branch out elsewhere, as he designed several public housing facilities throughout the rest of Northern California, Mississippi, Utah, and Nevada. The Leon residence is one of the few documented single-family homes he designed. Outside the buildings he created, he also served as a pillar for the local architectural community. He was on the Board of Directors for the local chapter of the American Institute of Architects and the Regional Director for the Board. In addition to that, he was also a statewide director for the California Council of the American Institute of Architects. He was also involved in Sacramento politics for a bit, as he held a seat for the City's Board of Education and was appointed by then Governor Ronald Regan to be a part of the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges.

iii. The Leon Residence at 6390 South Land Park Drive has integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association as judged with reference to the particular criterion or criteria specified in Sacramento City Code section A.1.a. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.b.)

The Leon Residence retains a high degree of historic integrity in all six aspects. The neighborhood and building remain largely unchanged. There have been minimal alterations after the completion of the building, and they have been compatible with the style and scale of the site.

iv. The Leon Residence at 6390 South Land Park Drive has significant historic or architectural worth, and its designation as a landmark is reasonable, appropriate and necessary to promote, protect and further the goals and purposes of chapter

17.604 of the Sacramento City Code. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.c.)

The Leon Residence at 6390 South Land Park Drive has significant historic and architectural worth. It has been well-maintained and retains a high level of integrity in the location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association. The Leon Residence at 6390 South Land Park Drive is historically significant and a unique representation of James C. Dodd's architecture in Sacramento, as it is one of the few single-family homes that Dodd designed.

v. The city has considered the factors set forth Sacramento City Code section

17.604.210.A.2 and determined those factors do not apply.

C. Anthony Francis residence at 4991 Warwick Avenue (APN: 022-0103-024-0000)

i. The residence of Anthony Francis, at 4991 Warwick Avenue is associated with the lives of persons significant in the city’s past. (Sacramento City Code, §

17.604.210.A.1.a.ii.)

Anthony Francis lived at 4991 Warwick Avenue from 1959 until 1969. Originally from New Orleans, Francis moved to Vallejo, California, sometime during WWII to work for the Office of Price Administration, a part of the Office of Emergency Management, before moving to work for the States Department of Employment. In 1947, he moved to Oak Park, working for the McClellan Air Force Base in North Highlands. In 1957, Francis completed his bachelor's degree in social science from Sacramento State College. Francis spent most of his career working at the attorney general's office for the Department of Justice. Outside of work, he spent his time helping uplift his community. After purchasing 4991 Warwick Avenue in 1959, he became the first president of the Oak Park Neighborhood Council, which he described as: “An aggressive organization for the improvement of life.” The Council’s office was quite ahead of its time, as it had a lending library and a museum that celebrated African American contributions to inspire others in the neighborhood and help them feel pride for their community. Another goal of the Council was to help teach the Oak Park community how to organize effectively and to learn the skills to challenge both local and city workers to work towards the equal treatment of African Americans. Francis served on the board for a decade until he and his wife, Noella, transferred the deed to their house to Neola Thomas in 1969. In addition to all the work that Francis did with the Oak Park Neighborhood Council, he also helped the Catholic Social Services, working as a mediator between the Catholic churches and the local community in both Oak Park and the larger Sacramento Region. He was also the first African American to serve on the Sacramento County Commission on Ageing. Significant features and characteristics include the stucco cladding containing little to no decoration. The roof consists of two low pitched gable roofs with two hipped elements and extends over the attached garage. A brick chimney is located on the northern side of the building and contains a noticeable chimney pot.

ii. The residence of Anthony Francis, at 4991 Warwick Avenue has integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association as judged with reference to the particular criterion or criteria specified in Sacramento City Code section A.1.a. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.b.)

The building retains a high degree of historic integrity in all six aspects. The neighborhood and building remain largely unchanged. The only major change to the building was a screened patio that was installed under the approval of Francis in 1967.

iii. The residence of Anthony Francis, at 4991 Warwick Avenue has significant historic or architectural worth, and its designation as a landmark is reasonable, appropriate and necessary to promote, protect and further the goals and purposes of chapter

17.604 of the Sacramento City Code. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.c.)

The residence of Anthony Francis at 4991 Warwick Avenue has significant historic worth as the physical embodiment of Francis’ work in the Oak Park community. It has been well-maintained and retains a high level of integrity in the location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association. The residence of Anthony Francis at 4991 Warwick Avenue is historically significant to African American history in Sacramento.

iv. The city has considered the factors set forth Sacramento City Code section

17.604.210.A.2 and determined those factors do not apply.

D. Dunlap’s Dining Room at 4322 4
th Avenue (APN: 014-0163-057-0000)

i. Dunlap’s Dining Room at 4322 4th Avenue is associated with the lives of persons significant in the city’s past. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.a.ii.)

Dunlap’s Dining Room was associated with George T. Dunlap. After working for the Southern Pacific Railway company for a while, George got his start in the culinary world as a chef in the company's private cars. During this time, he met his future wife, Annie Louise Butler. He soon realized it was time to settle down and get a house with Annie. This came to fruition in 1906 when he bought lot #4501 of the Goethe Subdivision K in Oak Park, building a four-room cottage there and establishing himself as one of the first African Americans to build a house in the neighborhood. Later that year, he and Annie married and started their family. As their family grew, so did their home. By 1920, George and Annie had two daughters, Audrey and Doris, and took in two of Annie's nieces. Because of this, their original four-room home expanded to eight rooms and went from one story to two. George ended up leaving his position at Southern Pacific Railroad Company, and began running a private catering company from his home while also running restaurants in Sacramento. He began running a food service on railways and a ferry before contract disputes led to him and Annie deciding to start their restaurant in 1927.

Earlier in her life, Annie had gone to tea rooms in the south, which strongly influenced their restaurant and the decision to run it out of their home. Dunlap’s Dining Room officially opened in 1930. It was widely known and highly respectable, as there were high-profile individuals, like Earl Warren, who was known to frequent the establishment until it closed in 1968 when George retired. George received recognition for all his hard work, including an award for Outstanding Performance in Food Service at the California State Fair in 1949, where he had a stand since 1917.

When George officially retired in 1958, he was given an additional award for his 41 years of being appointed to California's Agricultural Society as both a representative for the society = and an advisor in the advancement of food service displays and operations. He and Audrey were special guests at the opening of the California State Railroad Museum, as well as at other events celebrating African Americans for social and civic achievements in Sacramento. Significant features and characteristics include a porch supported by classical columns running across the entire width of the building. The roof consists of hipped roofs over both the main section and rear addition, with a hipped roof dormer located on the main section’s roofing. The building contains a rectangular plan and resembles a Colonial Revival style. Although the windows are not from the original structure, the double hung windows are a typical feature for colonial revival structures.

ii. Dunlap’s Dining Room at 4322 4
th Avenue has integrity of location, design, setting,
materials, workmanship, and association as judged with reference to the particular criterion or criteria specified in Sacramento City Code section A.1.a. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.b.)

In 1997, five years after the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places, Dunlap’s daughter, Audrey, donated the building to the Sacramento Children’s Home. After this transfer in ownership, the Children’s Home did major renovations to the building. They did work on the foundation and a complete remodel to the first floor, turning what was originally the restaurant into offices and a resource center for local families. They also updated the building and its utilities to be up to code so the organization could use it. Eventually the building transferred ownership again. Currently, it has turned into a rental property on Airbnb, but is still widely known as Dunlap’s Dining Room. Despite these various remodels the exterior of the building remains largely intact, giving the building fair to moderate level of integrity of all required aspects given that it is significant for the cultural history is represents.

iii. Dunlap’s Dining Room at 4322 4th Avenue has significant historic or architectural worth, and its designation as a landmark is reasonable, appropriate and necessary to promote, protect and further the goals and purposes of chapter 17.604 of the Sacramento City Code. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.c.)

Dunlap’s Dining Room at 4322 4th Avenue has significant historic worth. The building is listed on the California Register of Historical Resources and the National Register of Historic Places, making its listing on the Sacramento register reasonable and appropriate. Dunlap’s Dining Room at 4322 4th Avenue is historically significant to African American history in Sacramento for its service as a significant African American run restaurant.

iv. The city has considered the factors set forth Sacramento City Code section

17.604.210.A.2 and determined those factors do not apply.

E. The Canson House at 4214-4216 Lotus Avenue (APN: 018-0031-003-0000)

i. The Canson House at 4214-4216 Lotus Avenue is associated with the lives of persons significant in the city’s past. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.a.ii.)

The Canson House, located at 4214 – 4216 at Lotus Avenue, is associated with Clarence and Virna Mae Canson, who were significant to Sacramento's past. The two met at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. They married in August of 1940 when Vina was a sophomore and Clarence had just graduated. After their marriage, they moved to Sacramento, where Clarence was from. Once they moved, Clarence began work at McClellan Field in 1941 as a civilian employee, where he did low-paying work as an unskilled laborer despite having a college degree. After years of being unable to find higher-paying work, Clarence decided to go to law school at McGeorge (now the University of Pacific) becoming the first Black graduate there, as well as one of the only Black lawyers in the area. The Cansons were also heavily involved in the NAACP. In 1954, Virna became the treasurer and manager of the NAACP Credit Union, located on X and 21st Street. The building was originally Clarence's family's tailor shop, which they turned into the NAACP Credit Union, Clarence's law office, and the office for the Sacramento Outlook (which would eventually turn into the Sacramento Observer, Sacramento’s first Black-owned paper). Aside from running the Credit Union, Virna was appointed to California’s Committee for Fair Practices. Virna advocated heavily for legislation that protected equal treatment for African Americans and other oppressed groups. She gained the nickname Mrs. NAACP and was a representative for the NAACP in local and national settings, like the court cases Ming v. Horgan and NAACP v. City and County of Sacramento. In Ming v. Horgan, the court ruled discrimination in VA and FHA-funded housing developments and mortgages in California was unconstitutional. This ruling was ahead of its time, as it was decided a decade before racial discrimination in housing was ruled unconstitutional nationwide. The Cansons continued this fight against housing discrimination in Sacramento by building an eight-unit apartment complex in their backyard. They advertised in the Sacramento Bee for having no housing restrictions. With all the work that Virna put into the NAACP, she became the director of the NAACP’s West Coast office. Her work was locally recognized, as she was named number eight in the Sacramento Observer list of Sacramento’s 100 most influential African Americans in February of 1984. She retired in 1988 and passed away in 2003. Significant features and characteristics of the main house include a covered front porch with a gabled roof. The lower level is clad in a running bond brick with decorative, vertical brick headers and sills. The front and left exterior is entirely clad in brick, while the right side is a mix of brick and smooth stucco over wood. The second story is finished in smooth stucco over wood. The porch is made of the same brick with concrete stairs and flooring. Inside the covered porch, there is a large, wood frame, square pane window flanked by two smaller rectangular 1 over 1 sash windows. To the left of the porch, the same window series is found. To the right of the porch, there is a pair of 1 over 1 wooden sash windows.

On the second story, a series of 1 over 1 wooden sash windows. The roof consists of medium-height gabled roofs, with the gable facing the left and right of the structure.

ii. The Canson House at 4214-4216 Lotus Avenue has integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association as judged with reference to the particular criterion or criteria specified in Sacramento City Code section A.1.a. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.b.)

The building retains a high degree of historic integrity in all six aspects. Though some changes to the building have happened since its construction in 1937, all of them were done during the Canson’s ownership. This includes a garage and laundry room being added to the north side of the home in 1960, and an eight-unit apartment complex in their backyard during the same time, a development that is significant in its own right. Its location itself has never changed. All of these were done by the Cansons during the period of significance.

iii. The Canson House at 4214-4216 Lotus Avenue has significant historic or architectural worth, and its designation as a landmark is reasonable, appropriate and necessary to promote, protect and further the goals and purposes of chapter

17.604 of the Sacramento City Code. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.c.)

The Canson House, at 4214 – 4216 Lotus Avenue, has significant historic worth.

Clarence and Virna Mae Canson are significant figures in the history of the fight for civil rights, particularly when it comes to housing discrimination based on race, in Sacramento. Virna Canson’s contributions resulted in implications statewide that eventually influenced housing discrimination nationwide. The buildings have been well-maintained and retains a high level of integrity regarding its location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association. The Canson House at 4214 – 4216 Lotus Avenue is historically significant to African American history in Sacramento.

iv. The city has considered the factors set forth Sacramento City Code section

17.604.210.A.2 and determined those factors do not apply.

F. Morgan-Jones Funeral Home at 4200 Broadway (APN: 014-0191-046-0000)

i. The Morgan-Jones funeral home at 4200 Broadway is associated with the lives of persons significant in the city’s past. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.a.ii.)

Morgan-Jones Funeral Home is associated with Grace Morgan-Jones, who owned and operated her business in the building for 40 years. Throughout her life, Morgan- Jones remained devoted to helping her community. She was an active member of the Delta Sigma Theta sorority, which is an aid for African American women through their sisterhood and support. She continued to help her community by founding and becoming president of the Sacramento branch of the Jack and Jill Foundation, which helped: “mothers of children ages 2-19, dedicated to nurturing future African American leaders by strengthening children through leadership development, volunteer service, philanthropic giving, and civic duty.” In addition to this, she was also a part of The Link Inc. which benefited the African American community through volunteer work and scholarship fundraising. She was also active in the NAACP, the Sacramento Women’s Civic Improvement Club, and the Sacramento Urban League. She passed away in 2004 and was buried at Odd Fellows Cemetery.

ii. The Morgan-Jones funeral home, at 4200 Broadway represents the work of an important creative individual or master. (Sacramento City Code, §

17.604.210.A.1.a.iv.)

The Morgan-Jones Funeral Home, at 4200 Broadway, represents the work of James Robert “Bob” McCabe. Before his passing in 2015, McCabe was one of the most renowned architects in Sacramento. He both created structures as well as helped preserve historic buildings. Some of these projects included the first expansion done to the Crocker Art Museum, renovating many buildings in Old Sacramento, and designed several of the buildings at California State University Sacramento, as well as the complete design of California State University Los Angeles, and a ten-story office building in Fresno. Significant features and characteristics include the chapel of chimes, located to the right of the parcel when viewing from Broadway. The chapel contains a gable roof, with the gable facing the north façade. To the left, the main entrance connects the chapel to a series flat-roofed structures. At the front of these structures is a paneled privacy wall, using plywood and a smooth, stucco finish. The building located to the far left of the lot contains a gable roof, matching the chapel. The entire complex is covered in a smooth, stucco finish and wood trim.

The two gable roofing systems contain exposed beams varying in size. On the chapel, a floor to ceiling stained-glass window centered within the north façade is seen, with mullions varying in height. The structure located to the far left of the lot has no windows on the ground floor but contains sliding aluminum windows on the second floor.

iii. The Morgan-Jones funeral home, at 4200 Broadway has integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association as judged with reference to the particular criterion or criteria specified in Sacramento City Code section A.1.a. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.b.)

Though many additions have happened since the building was made in 1962, all were by the original designer, James Robert “Bob” McCabe. Because of Morgan- Jones’s changing needs, for 20 years he worked with Jones to design both expansions and reconfigurations. Despite many renovations to the original building, it still stands as highly intact design that preserves the original designs and feel of the building. Since then, both the building and neighborhood have faced minimal alterations. For these reasons, historical integrity has been maintained to the highest degree in all six categories.

iv. The Morgan-Jones funeral home, at 4200 Broadway has significant historic or architectural worth, and its designation as a landmark is reasonable, appropriate and necessary to promote, protect and further the goals and purposes of chapter

17.604 of the Sacramento City Code. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.c.)

The Morgan-Jones Funeral Home at 4200 Broadway has significant historic and architectural worth. It has been well-maintained and retains a high level of integrity regarding its location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association. The Morgan-Jones funeral home at 4200 Broadway is historically significant and a unique representation of James Robert McCabe's architecture in Sacramento.

v. The city has considered the factors set forth Sacramento City Code section

17.604.210.A.2 and determined those factors do not apply.

G. Harrison Crump Residence at 3948 33rd Street (APN: 020-0043-008-0000)

i. The residence of Harrison Crump at 3948 33rd Street is associated with the lives of persons significant in the city’s past. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.a.ii.)

Harrison Crump’s significant contributions to Sacramento span from 1979 to 2009, when he was president of Oak Park’s Little League Association. For 30 years, through this position, he coached and mentored multiple generations of youths.

During Mr. Crump’s reign, his games regularly had crowds of around 200. Crump’s influence on Oak Parks community is undeniable. In 1999, the baseball field in McClatchy Park was renamed Crump-Blackwell Fields to honor Crump and local baseball legend, Norman Blackwell. Significant features and characteristics include the Tudor style roofing system. The large front facing gable has a steep pitch with a smaller roof at a lower pitch connected on the roofline, ending with a swoop at the bottom of the smaller roofing area. Connected asymmetrically is another large, steep pitched roof. The entire structure is clad in stucco, with the small gable above the entrance clad in clapboard siding. There is a small, rectangular wood-framed window located to the right of the front door. A small double hung sash window vinyl replacement is located on the second story level within the gable of the large roof. Located on the ground level, to the left of the front door, is a taller rectangle vinyl sliding window, replacing the original wooden framed casement windows with multi-paned glazing that is typically seen on Tudor style homes. The window is surrounded by narrow wood trim and decorative shutters. A matching window with the same detailing is set to the far right of the front door. At the main entry, the walls are curved rather than meeting at a 90-degree angle.

ii. The residence of Harrison Crump at 3948 33rd Street has integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association as judged with reference to the particular criterion or criteria specified in Sacramento City Code section A.1.a. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.b.)

The building has retained a high degree of historical integrity in all six aspects. Both the neighborhood and the building have remained largely unchanged. The building has experienced some alterations, including the replacement of windows, but given the building is not significant for architectural characteristics, these details are of less importance and do not affect its historic association.

iii. The residence of Harrison Crump at 3948 33rd Street has significant historic or architectural worth, and its designation as a landmark is reasonable, appropriate and necessary to promote, protect and further the goals and purposes of chapter

17.604 of the Sacramento City Code. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.c.)

3948 33rd Street has significant historic worth for its association with Harrison Crump. It has been well-maintained and retains a high level of integrity regarding its location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association. The building at 3948 33rd Street is significant to the history of Sacramento.

iv. The city has considered the factors set forth Sacramento City Code section

17.604.210.A.2 and determined those factors do not apply.

H. Oak Park School of Afro-American Thought at 3639 4th Avenue (APN: 010-0385-012-0000)

i. The Oak Park School of Afro-American Thought at 3639 4th Avenue is important for its association with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of the history of the city. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.a.i.)

The Oak Park School of Afro-American Thought was important to local Black history from 1970 to 1977. Sacramento City College's Black Student Union was formed in February of 1967, when BSUs were popping up throughout college campuses all over the state, with a mission to make their and others' education more diverse.

Inspired by a strike at San Francisco State University BSU with the aim to create a Black Studies and College of Ethnic Studies in 1968, SCC’s BSU decided at the beginning of 1969 to use this same approach to organize. The Oak Park School of Afro-American Thought was born from this strike and the BSU’s list of demands.

From the end of the strike to the beginning of 1970, the school was run in trailers on the site of the Stanford Middle School at Martin Luther King Blvd. and 10th Avenue, which burnt down previously. After that period, the school was officially moved to 3639 4th Avenue. The school’s BSU did a great deal to help the local community throughout their years of operation. This included taking over the local chapter of the Black Panther Party's free breakfast program after its materials had been ransacked during the Oak Park Riot of 1969 or raising money for the Oak Park Four, all of which were part of the union. Within the school, they offered three classes that were open to the public. A mental health counseling center was also held in the building for the community. The BSU was still mainly in charge of the school and made sure all the school’s services remained free. The school remained open until 1977. The reason for its closure was never fully stated. There was a rumor that an underfunded budget might have been its downfall. Significant features and characteristics include a flat roof system. The front entry is recessed into the structure, lit by a square cut made into the roof. The West and East elevations contain extended cement block exterior wing walls that just pass the North and South elevations and rise higher than both roof elevations. The second floor is set back and approximately half the depth of the first floor. Three horizontally oriented, fixed rectangular windows are located on the second floor. On the first floor, three window walls are placed. Two are facing the south, being a combination of 4/4 fixed windows with rectangular horizontally orientated double-paned replacement windows. The window wall located on the L facing east matches the other two in style. The main entry door is a sash door with two double-paned glass panels.

ii. The Oak Park School of Afro-American Thought at 3639 4th Avenue has integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association as judged with reference to the particular criterion or criteria specified in Sacramento City Code section A.1.a. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.b.)

Though some changes, like the replacement of the original sash windows, have been made since the school’s years of operation, all of them have been compatible with the style and scale of the site and are of similar materials. The neighborhood has remained unchanged, and the building, despite the changes, still retains its original characteristic designs. Because of that, the building retains a high degree of historic integrity in all six aspects.

iii. The Oak Park School of Afro-American Thought at 3639 4th Avenue has significant historic or architectural worth, and its designation as a landmark is reasonable, appropriate and necessary to promote, protect and further the goals and purposes of chapter 17.604 of the Sacramento City Code. (Sacramento City Code, §

17.604.210.A.1.c.)

The building at 3639 4th Avenue has significant historic worth. It has been well- maintained and retains a high level of integrity regarding its location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association. 3639 4th Avenue is significant to the African American history in Sacramento.

iv. The city has considered the factors set forth Sacramento City Code section

17.604.210.A.2 and determined those factors do not apply.

I. Negro Women’s Civic Improvement Club at 3555 3rd Avenue (APN: 010-0381-019-0000)

i. The Negro Women’s Civic Improvement Club at 3555 3rd Avenue is important for its association with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of the history of the city. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.a.i.)

After moving two different times, the Negro Women’s Civic Improvement Club (NWCIC) found their final home at 3555 3rd Avenue, in Oak Park. Alvernon Tripp, who also was a leader within the NAACP, was vital to this move. NWCIC has contributed to the Oak Park community, especially through its collaboration with the Shiloh Baptist Church to create a low-income housing complex, Shiloh Arms. As of now, the NWCIC continues to provide a Head Start program, among other community services.

ii. The Negro Women’s Civic Improvement Club Headquarters at 3555 3rd Avenue represents the work of an important creative individual or master. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.a.iv.)

3555 3rd Avenue was built by the architect James Robert “Bob” McCabe. McCabe designed great works throughout California, but his work was especially abundant here in Sacramento. In addition to creating buildings like this one, he did a great deal of work to preserve the historic structures here. Some of his achievements include designing California State University Los Angeles’s campus, several buildings for Sacramento State, shopping centers, and the first expansion of the Crocker Art Museum. His work in preservation includes remodeling the homes of Wayne Thiebaud and C. K. McClatchy, renovating many buildings in Old Sacramento, and other historical homes in the area. Significant features and characteristics include the mixed use of flat and mansard roofing. Most of the structure is a flat roof, with a mansard roof located on the right side of the structure, running along 36th Street.

The 3rd street elevation contains centralized double doors for the entrance, with a small rectangular aluminum framed window on the right and a larger rectangular fixed aluminum frame window on the left. The entrance is reached from 2 cement steps from the sidewalk. The steps are flanked by cement masonry brick walls of equal length on either side. The 36th street elevation contains a partial flat roof with overhanging eaves that provide shade to the doors and windows. There is a total of 11 rectangular, aluminum framed, fixed windows over horizontal rectangular recessed wooden panels.

iii. The Negro Women’s Civic Improvement Club Headquarters at 3555 3rd Avenue has integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association as judged with reference to the particular criterion or criteria specified in Sacramento City Code section A.1.a. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.b.)

Many additions and remodels have been made to the building since its construction.

Though this might make the design and material seem compromised, the time of significance has not yet ended. This is because the Women’s Civic Improvement Club Headquarters is still operating from there, and all renovations were done by the organization. Because of this, all six aspects retain a high degree of historic integrity. The neighborhood remains largely unchanged, and all alterations made were compatible with the scale and style of the structure.

iv. The Negro Women’s Civic Improvement Club Headquarters at 3555 3rd Avenue has significant historic or architectural worth, and its designation as a landmark is reasonable, appropriate and necessary to promote, protect and further the goals and purposes of chapter 17.604 of the Sacramento City Code. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.c.)

The building at 3555 3rd Avenue has significant historic and architectural worth as the headquarters of the Negro Women’s Civic Improvement Club Headquarters. It has been well-maintained and retains a high level of integrity regarding its location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association. 3555 3rd Avenue is a significant and unique representation of James Robert McCabe’s work and important to African American history in Sacramento.

v. The city has considered the factors set forth Sacramento City Code section

17.604.210.A.2 and determined those factors do not apply.

J. Crossroads Building at 2710 X Street (APN: 010-0241-029-0000)

i. The Crossroads Building at 2710 X Street is associated with the lives of persons significant in the city’s past. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.a.ii.)

The Crossroads Building at 2710 X Street was designed by James C Dodd and served as the office of James C. Dodd & Associates architecture office for the duration of the company’s existence. After fighting in WWII as an Air Corps Pilot, Dodd used his GI Bill benefits to study architecture at the University of California, Berkley. He earned his degree from UC Berkley in 1952. Afterward he moved to Sacramento, becoming the first officially licensed Black architect in Sacramento. After a brief stint of working for the state as a draftsman, Dodd became a part of the architectural firm Barovetto & Thomas. He did not stay with them for long because, in 1956, Dodd officially left to start his firm, James C. Dodd & Associates. Dodd made some of his most eminent works here. He designed several of the other buildings mentioned in this list, like the Shiloh Baptist Church and the Shiloh Arms housing development, in addition to creating other buildings not previously mentioned that advocated for civil rights, like the Netta Sparks Women’s Civic Improvement Club building, and the office for the Colley & McGhee law firm that focused on cases about civil rights.

Outside of this, Dodd served as president and board member for the American Institute of Architects in their Central Valley Chapter and was a part of the board of directors for the institute at a national level. He was also deeply involved in local politics during the 1960s. He served as a chair member for the city’s School Dropout Committee for three years from 1966 to 1969, ran for a seat on Sacramento’s Board of Education in 1966, and in 1967 was on the board of the city’s Community Welfare Council, and was part of the board of directors for Sacramento’s Red Cross in 1968, to 1969. During that same period, he was appointed by the then Governor of California, Ronald Reagan, to be on the board of governors for California Community Colleges and a member of the Coordinating Council on Higher Education in 1968.

After this period, he continued to serve his community as director for the local chapter of the NAACP, which in 1974 would give him the Outstanding in the Field of Architecture Citizens Award. He was a director for several organizations that aided the local community, like Big Brothers, the Sacramento Mental Health Association, and the Golden Empire Council for the Boy Scouts of America. This work for advocacy also worked its way into his work as an architect, as in 1971, he helped found the organization, the National Organization of Minority Architects.

ii. The Crossroads Building at 2710 X Street embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction. (Sacramento City Code, §

17.604.210.A.1.a.iii.)

The Crossroads building was constructed in 1971 to serve as the James C. Dodd & Associates offices and exemplifies the International Architectural Style that was highly dominant in the design of commercial buildings during this time. Some of the buildings’ most recognizable features that exemplify this style are its flat roof, overall cubical shape, and large glass windows. Significant features and characteristics include a flat roof with shallow coping. Both side walls of the building rise above the roof level, creating parapets. The side walls are constructed using concrete blocks with a geometric pattern, with no windows or entrances. The X Street elevation features a mix of cladding materials. The first floor is recessed into the structure and split into 3 bays. The left bay is a gated doorway to enter the building, the central bay is clad in concrete with a geometric pattern, and the right bay consists of three small, rectangular single pane windows set in a wooden frame ribbon with a large wooden panel beneath each. The second floor contains 4 bays and extends over the first floor. The windows on the second floor are large, deeply recessed single pane paired windows, with a thin, metal mullein separating the window pairs. The sill of the second-floor windows slopes downwards. The entire second floor and right bay of the first floor are clad in stucco.

iii. The Crossroads Building at 2710 X Street represents the work of an important creative individual or master. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.a.iv.)

The building was designed by James C. Dodd to serve as the James C. Dodd & Associate architecture offices. Dodd was highly recognized for the Mid-Century Modern style buildings he produced throughout the Sacramento area. Dodd was well respected, as he was a part of both the board and president of the local Central Valley Chapter of the American Institute of Architecture and served on the board of directors for the Institution at a national level, showing his importance. In addition to this, he also received the Outstanding in the Field of Architecture Citizens Award from the NAACP in 1974, showing just how renowned Dodd and his work was.

iv. The Crossroads Building at 2710 X Street has integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association as judged with reference to the particular criterion or criteria specified in Sacramento City Code section A.1.a. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.b.)

The building retains a high degree of historic integrity in all six aspects. The neighborhood and building remain largely unchanged. There have been minimal alterations after the completion of the building, and they have been compatible with the style and scale of the site.

v. The Crossroads Building at 2710 X Street has significant historic or architectural worth, and its designation as a landmark is reasonable, appropriate and necessary to promote, protect and further the goals and purposes of chapter 17.604 of the Sacramento City Code. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.c.)

The Crossroads Building at 2710 X Street has significant historic and architectural worth. It has been well-maintained and retains a high level of integrity regarding its location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association. The Crossroads Building at 2710 X Street is historically significant and a unique representation of James C. Dodd Sr. architecture in Sacramento.

vi. The city has considered the factors set forth Sacramento City Code section

17.604.210.A.2 and determined those factors do not apply.

K. Lewis Nelson Crawford House at 2685 26th Street (APN: 010-0355-014-0000)

i. The Lewis Nelson Crawford House at 2685 26th Street is important for its association with events have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of the history of the city. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.a.i.)

This property is associated with Lewis Nelson Crawford’s business, the Star Real Estate Company, which ran from 1923 until 1965 on the property. Though hard to prove, Crawford’s business was likely the first African American-owned real estate company in Sacramento. In a time of rampant housing discrimination, Crawford’s business gave African Americans housing opportunities that otherwise might not have existed or would have been sparser. Crawford’s company is also symbolic of the rise in black-owned businesses that provided essential services to Black residents, making it worthy of association within broad patterns of Sacramento's history. Significant features and characteristics include the stucco cladding that covers the entirety of the building. The roof consists of a main moderately steeped gable roof, running along the length of the building. Above the entrance, a second lower pitched gable roof intersects the main. Both roofs have very little overhang.

The entry contains an arched openings on the 26th street elevation and the wall to the immediate right. There are 2 sets of stairs, one coming from the front façade and the second coming from the driveway located to the right of the building. On the 26th street elevation, there is a 4-part original wooden window, which includes a central fixed window beneath a 1x3 fixed window, flanked by two double-hung 4x4 windows.

ii. The Lewis Nelson Crawford House at 2685 26th Street is associated with the lives of persons significant in the city’s past. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.a.ii.)

As discussed in Criteria i, through his real estate business, the Star Real Estate Company, which Lewis Nelson Crawford ran for 28 years, he was able to help African Americans buy homes. Against all odds, he successfully operated this business during a time when many African Americans had difficulty purchasing homes because of widespread discriminatory tactics like redlining and racial covenants. This shows how vital Crawford, and his business were to the community. Because this building served as both his home and his business’s office and was the place he lived in the longest here in Sacramento, this property is most closely associated with Crawford and his company.

iii. The Lewis Nelson Crawford House at 2685 26th Street embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.a.iii.)

Crawford’s residence is the epitome of the homes that emerged from the Small House and Better Homes in America Movements that took hold in the 1920s.

Through major promotion from popular magazines, the American Institute of Architects, and the national government itself, this style of home was made widely popular. Because one could purchase the blueprints for this style of house and then either build it themselves or hire a builder, making the price of these homes much cheaper, these were major among middle-class families like the Crawfords. These houses were typically made of high-quality materials and were logically organized.

Both traits can be seen within Crawford’s residence.

iv. The Lewis Nelson Crawford House at 2685 26th Street has integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association as judged with reference to the particular criterion or criteria specified in Sacramento City Code section A.1.a. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.b.)

The building retains a high degree of historic integrity in some respects. The location, design, setting, and association have remained the same. The materials and design are compromised. This is because windows made with metal were installed on the north and south sides, and repairs done in 1982 after a fire have further compromised the materials and workmanship. The rest of the neighborhood has remained largely unchanged.

v. The Lewis Nelson Crawford House at 2685 26th Street has significant historic or architectural worth, and its designation as a landmark is reasonable, appropriate and necessary to promote, protect and further the goals and purposes of chapter

17.604 of the Sacramento City Code. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.c.)

The Lewis Nelson Crawford House at 2685 26th Street has significant historic worth for its association with the first Black real estate company in Sacramento. It has been well-maintained and retains a high level of integrity regarding its location, design, setting, materials, and association. 2685 26th Street is historically significant and a significant and unique representation of the Small House and Better Homes in America movement style of housing here in Sacramento.

vi. The city has considered the factors set forth Sacramento City Code section

17.604.210.A.2 and determined those factors do not apply.

L. Canson Law Office and NAACP Credit Union at 2404 21st Street (APN: 010-0216-008-0000)

i. The Canson Law Office and NAACP Credit Union at 2404 21st Street is associated with the lives of persons significant in the city’s past. (Sacramento City Code,

17.604.210.A.1.a.ii.)

The building of 2404 21st Street, which functioned as both the Canson Law Office and the NAACP Credit Union, is associated with the lives of Virna and Clarence Canson from 1954 to the early 1970s. The couple began renting the building in 1954, and in 1957 Clarence's parents purchased the building from Mr. Richard Chase.

Clarence and Virna met while studying at the Institute of Alabama. They were married after Clarence graduated in 1940. After they wed, the couple moved to Sacramento, where Clarence was originally from. Clarence began to work at the McClellan Field as a civilian employee doing unskilled low-pay labor, as there were no better opportunities in the area. After a few years of this work, he attended law school at McGeorge (Now the University of the Pacific). Once Clarence graduated in 1954, he was the first Black graduate of the school and one of the first Black lawyers in Sacramento. He founded his practice here at 2404 21st Street. At this time, he started to work with the NAACP as a legal advisor. Virna became the Treasurer and the Manager of Sacramentos' NAACP Credit Union, which they set up in the same building as Clarence’s firm. Outside of her work in the Credit Union, Virna was appointed by the governor to work for the California Committee for Fair Practices. In it, she fought for people's economic and consumer rights and worked to stop discrimination. With all the work she had put into the organization, she became director of the NAACP’s West Coast Office. Within this position, she became a public representative for the local and national branches of the NAACP through her involvement in court cases like Ming v. Horgan and NAACP v. City and County of Sacramento. With the work she put into Ming v. Horgan, discrimination in VA and FHA-funded housing developments and mortgages in California was outlawed, which was revolutionary considering that the ruling came a decade before racial discrimination in housing was illegal nationwide. Clarence's work as a legal advisor for the NAACP also involved him in these revolutionary cases, showing how deeply involved the two were in the history of civil rights in Sacramento. Significant features and characteristics include a flat roofing system. Th entire structure is constructed using plain masonry blocks, without architectural decoration. On the front façade, there is a large, square single pane window connected to the entrance.

ii. The Canson Law Office and NAACP Credit Union at 2404 21st Street has integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association as judged with reference to the particular criterion or criteria specified in Sacramento City Code section A.1.a. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.A.1.b.) 2404 21st Street retains a high degree of historic integrity in all six aspects. The neighborhood and building remain largely unchanged. There have been minimal alterations after the completion of the building, and they have been compatible with the style and scale of the site.
iii. The Canson Law Office and NAACP Credit Union at 2404 21st Street has significant historic or architectural worth, and its designation as a landmark is reasonable, appropriate and necessary to promote, protect and further the goals and purposes of chapter 17.604 of the Sacramento City Code. (Sacramento City Code, §

17.604.210.A.1.c.)

The Canson Law Office and NAACP Credit Union at 2404 21st Street has significant historic worth. It has been well-maintained and retains a high level of integrity in its location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association. 2404 21st Street is historically significant to African American history here in Sacramento.

iv. The city has considered the factors set forth Sacramento City Code section

17.604.210.A.2 and determined those factors do not apply.

SECTION 2. Historic District

The city council hereby lists the New Helvetia Historic District (APNs: 009-0030-037-0000, 009- 0030-038-0000, 009-0030-041-0000) on the Sacramento Register, as shown in exhibit 1, based on the following finding:

The New Helvetia Historic District is a geographically defined area, as shown in exhibit 1. (Sacramento City Code, §17.604.210.B.1a.)

A. The New Helvetia Historic District possesses a significant concentration of buildings unified aesthetically by plan and physical development and is associated with an event and person significant to Sacramento history. (Sacramento City Code, §

17.604.210.B.1.b.i and ii).

The New Helvetia Historic District represents an early interaction between the federal government and local community to eliminate slums and to improve housing available to the urban poor. New Helvetia was originally intended to assist low income citizens but was converted to defense housing during World War II. Sacramento was a center for military-industrial activity with McClellan and Mather airfields, and the Army Depot.

The project was completed in August 1942 and dedicated on November 27, 1942. The National Defense Act of June 1940, also known as Public Law 671 endured until President Truman ordered the defense housing to revert to low-income housing in 1947. Post war New Helvetia was converted back to low-income housing which helped support the post war real estate market in Sacramento.

The New Helvetia Historic District is significant for its design by a coalition of Sacramento’s master architects, including Charles Dean, Leonard Starks, Ed Flanders, and Harry Devine, Sr. working together as a Board of Architects, the only project on which they all collaborated. These four architects designed a predominant number of Sacramento buildings and contributed substantially to the style and image of the City’s built environment.

The New Helvetia Historic District is associated with the fight for fair housing and civil rights in Sacramento and with NAACP attorney Nathaniel Colley. Colley was born, raised, and educated in the state of Alabama. He was a graduate of the Tuskegee Institute and the Yale School of Law. After completing law school in 1948 he moved to Sacramento- his wife's hometown. He passed the California State Bar on his first try and opened the first African American law practice in the city. His brilliant legal career began with his fight against a de facto (unwritten) segregation policy for African Americans in the New Helvetia public housing complex. Colley was the first to discover that the Sacramento Housing Authority was isolating African Americans into 16 units (two buildings) merely because of their skin color. After multiple attempts to address the public housing segregation practices through talks with City government officials and Housing Authority commissioners, on February 1, 1952, Colley filed a complaint with the Sacramento County Superior Court. On April 18, 1952, the court also granted a permanent injunction barring separation in housing. Colley is also significant for his victory in Ming v. Horgan, a lawsuit where the court ruled that developers who use federal funds could not discriminate based on race.

B. The New Helvetia Historic District possesses historic integrity of design, setting, materials, workmanship, and association. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.B.2.a.)

The New Helvetia Historic District remains largely unchanged from its period of significance.

C. The collective historic value of the building in the New Helvetia Historic District taken together are greater than the historic value of each individual building in the district. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.B.2.b.)

SECTION 3. Contributing Resources

The contributing resources identified in Exhibit 2 (with characteristics and photographs shown in Exhibits 2 and 4) are hereby added to the Sacramento register as contributing resources to the New Helvetia Historic District, based on the following findings:

A. The contributing resources are within the historic district. (Sacramento City Code, §

17.604.210.C.1.)

All resources listed as contributing resources in Exhibit 2 are located within the New Helvetia Historic District.

B. The contributing resources embody the significant features and characteristics of the historic district and add to the historical associations, historical architectural qualities or archaeological values identified for the historic district. (Sacramento City Code, §

17.604.210.C.2.)

As shown in Exhibits 2, 3, and 4, the contributing resources embody the significant features and characteristics of the historic district and add to the historical associations and historical architectural qualities of the district. The contributing resources retain the significant features and characteristics of the historic district, which includes multi- family dwellings constructed as federal public housing in 1941 and converted to public housing in 1952. All of the contributing resources exhibit elements of the architectural style listed in Exhibit 3.

The sixty-one apartment buildings constructed within the twenty-six-acre site are divided into five different unit plans with a total of three hundred and ten apartments which are contributing resources to the district. Plans include building Types A to E:

Type A: Fourteen type A buildings: one- and two-story sections with eight apartment units each. The two-story central section contains four two story apartments with two bedrooms each. Two attached one-story sections flank the central two-story section and each contains two one-bedroom apartments. The two-story central sections are slightly offset from the flanking one-story portion walls. Type B: Fourteen type B buildings: two story with eight two story apartments, with two or three bedrooms each. Type C:

Twenty-four type C buildings: one story with two two-bedroom apartments each. Type D: Four type D buildings: one story with two four-bedroom apartments each. Type E:

Five type E buildings: one story with six one-bedroom apartments each.

C. The contributing resources were present during the period of historical significance of the historic district and relate to the documented historical significance of the historic district. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.C.3.)

As shown in Exhibit 4, all the contributing resources were present during the district’s period of significance, which begins in 1941 and ends in 1952, and relate to the district’s historical significance as an example of mid-20
th century public housing design that
showcases elements of Georgian and Tudor revival styles and embodies the work of the important civil rights attorney Nathaniel Colley and his work to advocate for fair housing practices for African Americans during the Civil Rights era.

D. The contributing resources possess historic integrity. (Sacramento City Code, §

17.604.210.C.4.)

As shown in Exhibits 2 and 4, the contributing resources have sufficient historic integrity for listing on the Sacramento register. Historic integrity is the ability of a property to convey its significance. The listed properties’ physical features relate to the district’s significance and the seven aspects of integrity: location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.

E. The contributing resources have important historic or architectural worth, and their designation as contributing resources is reasonable, appropriate, and necessary to protect, promote and further the goals and purposes of chapter 17.604 of the Sacramento City Code. (Sacramento City Code, § 17.604.210.C.5.)

As shown in Exhibits 2 and 4, the contributing resources have important historic or architectural worth, and their designation as contributing resources is reasonable, appropriate and necessary to protect, promote and further the goals and purposes of chapter 17.604 of the Sacramento City Code as all of the resources exhibit the significant features and characteristics of the district and are consistent with the important historical themes identified in the historic context for the district (Exhibit 3).

Table of Contents

Exhibit 1 – District Boundaries.

Exhibit 2 – Contributing and Non-contributing Resources.

Exhibit 3 – Historic Context, Period of Significance, and significant features and characteristics.

Exhibit 4 – Historic District Evaluation Form

Exhibit 1 – District Boundaries

Exhibit 2 - List of Contributing and Non-Contributing Resources

Address Building # Parcel Number Status
652 - 680 BROADWAY 1 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing
700 - 728 BROADWAY 2 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing
752 - 780 BROADWAY 3 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing
800 - 828 BROADWAY 4 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing
675 - 675 WARNER 5 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing
701 - 725 WARNER 6 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing
751 - 775 WARNER 7 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing
801 - 825 WARNER 8 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing
2524 - 2524 KIT CARSON 9 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing 2544 - 2544 KIT CARSON 10 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing 2548 - 2548 KIT CARSON 11 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing 2562 - 2562 KIT CARSON 12 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing 2520 - 2546 KIT CARSON 13 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing 2548 - 2570 KIT CARSON 14 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing 2605 - 2605 KIT CARSON 15 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing 2625 - 2625 KIT CARSON 16 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing 2641 - 2641 KIT CARSON 17 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing 2657 - 2657 KIT CARSON 18 009-0030-040-0000 Contributing 2659 - 2659 KIT CARSON 19 009-0030-040-0000 Non-Contributing 2659 - 2659 KIT CARSON 19 and 20 009-0030-040-0000 Non-Contributing 2659 - 2659 KIT CARSON 20 009-0030-040-0000 Non-Contributing 2661 - 2661 KIT CARSON 21 009-0030-040-0000 Non-Contributing 2661 - 2661 KIT CARSON 21 and 22 009-0030-040-0000 Non-Contributing 2661 - 2661 KIT CARSON 22 009-0030-040-0000 Non-Contributing 2663 - 2663 KIT CARSON 23 009-0030-040-0000 Non-Contributing 2663 - 2663 KIT CARSON 23 and 24 009-0030-040-0000 Non-Contributing 2663 - 2663 KIT CARSON 24 009-0030-040-0000 Non-Contributing 2665 - 2665 KIT CARSON 25 009-0030-040-0000 Non-Contributing 2665 - 2665 KIT CARSON 25 and 26 009-0030-040-0000 Non-Contributing 2665 - 2665 KIT CARSON 26 009-0030-040-0000 Non-Contributing 2667 - 2667 KIT CARSON 27 009-0030-040-0000 Non-Contributing 2515 - 2543 KIT CARSON 28 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing 2547 - 2575 KIT CARSON 29 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing 728 - 728 WARNER 30 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing
728 - 728 WARNER 30 and 31 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing 728 WARNER ST - 729 REVERE ST 31 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing 729 - 729 REVERE 32 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing
750 - 750 WARNER 33 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing
750 - 750 WARNER 33 and 34 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing 750 WARNER ST - 751 REVERE ST 34 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing 751 - 751 REVERE 35 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing
776 - 776 WARNER 36 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing
775 - 775 REVERE 37 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing
808 - 808 WARNER 38 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing
809 - 809 REVERE 39 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing
2514 - 2518 MUIR 40 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing
2530 - 2538 MUIR 41 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing
2548 - 2552 MUIR 42 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing
2562 - 2566 MUIR 43 009-0030-037-0000 Contributing
2600 - 2628 KIT CARSON 44 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing 730 - 730 REVERE 45 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
752 - 752 REVERE 46 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
776 - 776 REVERE 47 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
816 - 816 REVERE 48 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
732 - 742 REVERE 49 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
701 - 703 MARSH 50 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
705 - 723 MARSH 51 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
727 - 731 MARSH 52 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
768 - 768 MARSH 53 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
2640 - 2640 MUIR 54 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
2654 - 2654 RINGGOLD 55 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
2657 - 2657 MUIR 56 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
2656 - 2656 MUIR 57 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
2664 - 2680 RINGGOLD 58 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
757 - 759 KEMBLE 59 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
771 - 771 KEMBLE 60 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
777 - 777 KEMBLE 61 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
2664 - 2668 MUIR 62 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
801 - 801 KEMBLE 63 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
811 - 817 KEMBLE 64 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
2674 - 2676 MUIR 65 009-0030-038-0000 Contributing
700 - 700 MARSH 66 009-0030-039-0000 Contributing
2665 - 2675 RINGGOLD 67 009-0030-039-0000 Contributing
2630 - 2634 KIT CARSON 68 009-0030-039-0000 Non-Contributing 2677 - 2691 RINGGOLD 69 009-0030-039-0000 Contributing
2636 - 2640 KIT CARSON 70 009-0030-039-0000 Non-Contributing 2693 - 2695 RINGGOLD 71 009-0030-039-0000 Contributing
2682 - 2692 RINGGOLD 72 009-0030-041-0000 Contributing
770 - 770 KEMBLE 73 009-0030-041-0000 Contributing
800 - 800 KEMBLE 74 009-0030-041-0000 Contributing
2678 - 2696 MUIR 75 009-0030-041-0000 Contributing
Exhibit 3 - Historic context, period of significance, significant features and characteristics.

Historic Context: The New Helvetia historic district represents an early interaction between the federal government and local community to eliminate slums and to improve housing available to the urban poor.

The site selected for the development was a vacant tract owned by the Southern Pacific Company located south of Broadway and west of Ninth Street (now Muir Way). By 1935, housing for low-income people in Sacramento had been affected by three trends: 1) the expansion of the city to the east and south, sometimes causing a decline in older areas, 2) dramatic growth and development of agriculture; and 3) the large influx of population into California from the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression. Sacramento areas with lower land value; land that was swampy and undesirable for general public use, attracted low-income residents and sub -standard housing. Slums developed and had become a health hazard by the early 1940s. All of these circumstances generated a need for low - income housing in Sacramento.

The public housing movement was sparked by the passage of the United States Housing Act of 1937. The Act established a permanent low-rent public housing program between the federal government, local communities, and a new federal agency: the United States Housing Authority (USHA), which would administer the program. The USHA required that communities requesting federal assistance must first establish a local Public Housing Authority (PHA) since the USHA was not authorized to directly build or manage public housing.

To address the problem of sub-standard housing in Sacramento neighborhoods, activists in the city formed the Sacramento Citizens Committee on Slum Clearance and Low -Cost Housing. In February of 1939 they petitioned the City Council to establish a local housing authority. Support for this action was broad based and led the Council to authorize the establishment of the Sacramento City Housing Authority on July 7, 1939.

In August 1939, the agency submitted an application to the USHA for a $1.5 million loan to finance the New Helvetia development. USHA approved the project in January 1940.

A Board of Architects was created for the project and its members consisted of a highly regarded group of local architecture firms including: Dean & Dean, Harry Devine, and Starks & Flanders. On May 17, 1940, their preliminary plans for the New Helvetia project were sent to Washington, D.C for review and approval. Construction of New Helvetia was handled by Walter Campbell Construction Co. of Sacramento.

The New Helvetia site plan submitted to USHA for approval featured elements common to other federally -sponsored public housing throughout the country between 1933 and 1949. Common planning layouts included grouping of multi-family, low-scale residential buildings arranged in a pattern according to circulation needs within large open spaces.

Modern amenities such as parking areas, service driveways, and individual concrete walkways to apartment units were included.

A rent schedule for the project was published in The Sacramento Bee September 8, 1941.

In that article it was noted that the project was experiencing some difficulty in obtaining materials, due to the pre-war build-up. The original Housing Act of 1937 was not funded beyond 1940. The 1940- 41 fiscal year Congress increased funding for public and private housing construction through the passage of The National Defense Act also known as Public Law 671, in June 1940. The act authorized the USHA to assist local housing authorities to work with the Navy and War Departments to make "necessary housing available for persons engaged in national defense activities."

New Helvetia was originally intended to assist low income citizens but was converted to defense housing during World War II. Sacramento was a center for military -industrial activity with McClellan and Mather airfields, and the Army Depot. The project was completed in August 1942 and dedicated on November 27, 1942. The National Defense Act of June 1940, also known as Public Law 671 endured until President Truman ordered the defense housing to revert to low-income housing in 1947. Post war New Helvetia was converted back to low-income housing which helped support the post war real estate market in Sacramento.

Nathaniel Colley and Non-discrimination in Housing

Nathaniel Sextus Colley was born, raised, and educated in the state of Alabama. He was a graduate of the Tuskegee Institute and the Yale School of Law. After completing law school in 1948 he moved to Sacramento-his wife's hometown.

He passed the California State Bar on his first try and opened the first African Ame rican law practice in the city. His brilliant legal career began with his fight against a de facto (unwritten) segregation policy for African Americans in the New Helvetia public housing complex. Colley was the first to discover that the Sacramento Housin g Authority was isolating African Americans into 16 units (two buildings) merely because of their skin color.

Colley joined the Sacramento Branch of the NAACP and became its legal counsel. He began advising the group to proactively fight segregation in public housing. Colley and other NAACP members soon realized they needed a community -wide effort needed to win. Colley helped create and organize the Sacramento Committee Against Segregation in Public Housing, a collaboration of twenty -five churches, political groups, unions, charities and labor unions. Colley personally recruited organizations to join the Committee.

After multiple attempts to address the public housing segregation practices through talks with City government officials and Housing Authority commissioners, on February 1, 1952, Colley filed a complaint with the Sacramento County Superior Court.

Colley knew that prohibiting the rental of new public housing units would put pressure on the Housing Authority to end segregation not only in new developments, but in New Helvetia as well, and therefore de facto segregation would be eliminated in all of Sacramento's public housing. On April 18, 1952, the court also granted a permanent injunction barring separation in housing.

Nathaniel Colley gained local, regional, and national recognition as one of the leaders in the struggle to end segregation in public housing for African Americans. Expanding on his success and experience in Sacramento, Colley took the segregation fight to other California and western cities that operated public housing, working with branches of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in California and other western states.

Colley continued to fight for fair housing for African Americans and in 1954 filed the landmark legal case of Ming vs. Horgan. The lawsuit claimed that a real estate developer who was receiving federal funds for a housing project could not engage in racial discrimination against African Americans, who were qualified, and wanted to purchase a home. The U.S. Supreme Court agreed with Colley and found that these discriminatory practices were illegal for the sale of any housing that used federal funds. This eli minated discrimination against African Americans who were barred from purchasing residential homes in specific areas of a community because of restrictions written into the original deeds.

New Helvetia is the most pertinent remaining location associated with Colley's initial segregation work in public housing in Sacramento beginning in 1951. The two legal offices he successively occupied during this period have been demolished due to downtow n redevelopment efforts. In 1951, Colley's law office was located at 421 ½ L Street, according to the City of Sacramento's 1951 Phone Book (there is no 1951 City Directory).

The 1952 City Directory lists Colley's law office at the same location. 421 ½ L Street is now a parking lot for the 455 Capitol Mall office building. The 1953 -1956 City Directories list Colley's office at 621 P Street, currently the location of the Capitol Towers apartment complex.

Period of Significance: The district’s period of significance begins in 1941 and ends in 1952. This period includes the New Helvetia development period of construction, as well as the conversion of the district from low- income housing to defense housing for Sacramento based on N ational defense legislation. The period also encompasses the reconversion of New Helvetia to low-income housing after WWII and the end of de facto segregation of public housing in Sacramento County.

Architectural Style: The district represents an example of mid-20th century public housing design that showcases elements of Georgian and Tudor revival architectural styles in a park like setting indicative of the City Beautiful movement.

Significant Features and Characteristics:

Feature Character of Historic District
Use Historically used for multi-family dwellings for the defense housing project and federal public housing. Presently used for multi-family dwellings for federal public housing and commercial office space.

Original design and construction included a clubhouse for social gatherings but has been converted into an Education (Daycare) center.

Mass & Form Wood framed buildings.

Multi-family homes are low scale, one and two stories, narrow buildings with linear ground plans.

The Clubhouse is low scale, one story and narrow, on an L shaped plan with one large and irregular shaped wing, one smaller wing that is long and narrow.

Cladding All contributing buildings within the district include brick veneer surfaces over plastered walls.

Roofs Side gabled roofs with shingles and clipped eaves, shallow roof overhangs.

Entries & Doors Building doors have been replaced with wood 6 paneled doors.

Originally small shed-roofed porch canopies supported by wood posts covered all of the entrances. Some canopies have been replaced with flat roofs. A few units have been fitted with unobtrusive ramped concrete path entries from the sidewalk to near the front doors to accommodate handicapped needs.

Windows

The original multi-paned casement windows were steel
framed, painted white, and located both on the facade
elevations and on the comers of the ground floor portions.

Original windows have been replaced with bronze colored metal sash containing dual pane windows in fixed, sliding, single and double hung styles, and doors have been
replaced. and metal-framed windows, both sliding and
double hung.

Ornament/Design
Features
Visual interest is provided by Randomly added clinker brick across the top of doorways add minor color variations and texture to the brick veneer walls.

Emphasis on simplicity of exterior ornamentation
illustrates the design priorities of the period of significance:

Modern architecture movement and wartime economic
constraints. Focus is purely on functionality of building.

Landscape
Characteristics
Large focus on open space. Attractive garden-like
landscaping: Plantings and open yards without fences,
buildings are flanked by lawn and plants.

Streetscape
A 26-acre rectilinear pattern of organized blocks, asphalt paved streets, concrete sidewalks, with pathways
separated by lawn and containing trees, bushes and shrubs within a defined landscape accessible from major city
streets.

The district includes parking areas, service driveways, and individual concrete walkways to home units. Street
parking along Muir Way is available.

ORDINANCE NO.

Adopted by the Sacramento City Council

Date Adopted

AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING THE NEW HELVETIA HISTORIC DISTRICT PLAN

BE IT ENACTED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SACRAMENTO:

SECTION 1. Background.

A. The city council has found “that significant aspects of the city’s rich and diverse historic resources deserve recognition and preservation to foster an understanding of our heritage, and to promote the public health and safety and the economic and general welfare of the people of the city. The preservation and continued use of historic resources are effective tools to sustain and revitalize neighborhoods and business districts within the city, enhance the city’s economic, cultural and aesthetic standing, its identity and its livability, marketability and urban character.” (City Code, § 17.604.100.A.)

B. To this end, the city code authorizes the creation of historic district plans for each of the city’s historic districts. These plans include, among other things, a statement of the goals for review of development projects within each historic district as well as the standards and criteria that will be utilized in determining the appropriateness of any development project within these districts. (City Code, § 17.604.300.)

C. On June 18, 2025, the preservation commission held a public hearing and recommended the city council adopt the New Helvetia Historic District Plan attached as Exhibit 1.

SECTION 2.

The New Helvetia Historic District Plan, attached as Exhibit 1, meets the requirements set forth in City Code section 17.604.300, and is hereby adopted and added to the Sacramento Historic District Plans (Ordinance 2019-0051).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Exhibit 1: New Helvetia Historic District Plan

NEW

HELVETIA

HISTORIC

DISTRICT PLAN
Draft: June 12, 2024
COVER PHOTO CREDIT: DON COX
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Historic District Plan
City of Sacramento

Physical Description & Boundaries

The New Helvetia Historic District is located within the Alder Grove housing complex between Broadway, Muir Way, Kit Carson Streets, and Kemble Streets in Sacramento.

The district is an example of mid-20th century public housing design that showcases elements of Georgian and Tudor revival. The district which lies south of the downtown Sacramento central core contains 62 buildings. The one- and two-story buildings are narrow and long, wood framed with gabled roofs, clipped eaves, brick cladding, clinker brick, and metal framed windows. The buildings are set in a 26- acre rectilinear pattern of organized blocks, asphalt paved streets, concrete sidewalks, with pathways separated by lawn and containing trees, bushes, and shrubs within a defined landscape.

There is ample open space within the block layout and parking lots surrounded by lawn.

FIGURE 1: HISTORIC DISTRICT BOUNDARY MAP
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Historic District Plan
City of Sacramento

A Brief Historic Context
The New Helvetia historic district represents an early interaction between the federal government and local community to eliminate slums and to improve housing available to the urban poor. 1

The site selected for the development was a vacant tract owned by the Southern Pacific Company located south of Broadway and west of Ninth Street (now Muir Way).

By 1935, housing for low income people in Sacramento had been affected by three trends: 1) the expansion of the city to the east and south, sometimes causing a decline in older areas, 2) dramatic growth and development of agriculture; and 3) the large influx of population into California from the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression. Sacramento areas with lower land value; land that was swampy and undesirable for general public use, attracted low income residents and sub-standard housing. Slums developed and had become a health hazard by the early 1940s.

All of these circumstances generated a need for low income housing in Sacramento. 2 The public housing movement was sparked by the passage of the United States Housing Act of 1937. The Act established a permanent low-rent public housing program between the federal government, local communities, and a new federal agency: the United States Housing Authority (USHA), which would administer the program. The USHA required that communities requesting federal assistance must first establish a local Public Housing Authority (PHA) since the USHA was not authorized to directly build or manage public housing. 3 1 The Sacramento Bee, "Slum Clearance Committee asks Action by County," September 2, 1939; Sacramento Housing Authority (SHA), First Annual Repo1t, May 8, 1942, Preface, 1.
2 NPS, Public Housing in the United States, 1933-1949, Appendix IV, 42-53

3 Ibid
FIGURE 2: HISTORIC PHOTOGRAPH OF NEW HELVETIA
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Historic District Plan
City of Sacramento

To address the problem of sub-standard housing in Sacramento neighborhoods, activists in the city formed the Sacramento Citizens Committee on Slum Clearance and Low Cost Housing. In February of 1939 they petitioned the City Council to establish a local housing authority. Support for this action was broad based and led the Council to authorize the establishment of the Sacramento City Housing Authority on July 7, 1939. 4

In August 1939, the agency submitted an application to the USHA for a $1.5 million loan to finance the New Helvetia development.

USHA approved the project in January 1940. 5

A Board of Architects was created for the project and its members consisted of a highly regarded group of local architecture firms including:

Dean & Dean, Harry Devine, and Starks & Flanders.
6 On May 17, 1940 their preliminary plans for the New Helvetia project were sent to Washington, D.C for review and approval.7 Construction of New Helvetia was handled by Walter Campbell Construction Co. of Sacramento.8 The New Helvetia site plan submitted to USHA for approval featured elements common to other federally-sponsored public housing throughout the country between 1933 and 1949. Common planning layouts included grouping of multi-family, low-scale residential buildings arranged in a pattern according to circulation needs within large open spaces. Modern amenities such as parking areas, service driveways, and individual concrete walkways to apartment units were included. 9

A rent schedule for the project was published in The Sacramento Bee September 8, 1941. In that article it was noted that the project was experiencing some difficulty in obtaining materials, due to the pre-war build-up. The original Housing Act of 1937 was not funded beyond 1940.

The 1940-41 fiscal year Congress increased funding for public and private housing construction through the passage of The National Defense Act also known as Public Law 671, in June 1940. The act authorized the USHA to assist local housing authorities to work with the Navy and War Departments to make "necessary housing available for persons engaged in national defense activities." 10 4 The Sacramento Bee, "Slum Clearance Committee Asks Action by County," September 2, 1939. 5 The Sacramento Bee, August 9, 1939; NPS, 42-53.
6 The Sacramento Bee, "U.S. Earmarks Fund for City Housing Plan," January 22, 1940. 7 The Sacramento Bee, "Plans for Local Housing Project Go To Washington," May 17, 1940. 8 Ibid
9 The Sacramento Bee, "Plans for Local Housing Project Go To Washington," May 17, 1940; NPS, 70. 10 NPS, E53-63.

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Historic District Plan
City of Sacramento

New Helvetia was originally intended to assist low income citizens, but was converted to defense housing during World War II. 11 Sacramento was a center for military-industrial activity with McClellan and Mather airfields, and the Army Depot. The project was completed in August 1942 and dedicated on November 27, 1942. The National Defense Act of June 1940, also known as Public Law 671 endured until President Truman ordered the defense housing to revert to low income housing in 1947. Post war New Helvetia was reconvertered back to low income housing which helped support the post war real estate market in Sacramento.12

12 Ibid E65

FIGURE 3: HISTORIC PHOTOGRAPH OF NEW HELVETIA
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Historic District Plan
City of Sacramento

Nathaniel Colley and Non-discrimination in Housing

Nathaniel Sextus Colley was born , raised, and educated in the state of Alabama. He was a graduate of the Tuskegee Institute and the Yale School of Law. After completing law school i n 1948 he moved to Sacramento-his wife's hometown. He passed the California State Bar on his first try and opened the first African American law practice in the city. His brilliant legal career began with his fight against a de facto (unwritten) segregation policy for African Americans in the New Helvetia public housing complex. Colley was the first to discover that the Sacramento Housing Authority was isolating African Americans into 16 units (two buildings) merely because of their skin color.
13 Colley joined the Sacramento Branch of the NAACP and became its legal counsel. He began advising the group to proactively fight segregation in public housing. Colley and other NAACP members soon realized they needed a community -wide effort needed to win. Colley helped create and organize the Sacramento Committee Against Segregation in Public Housing, a collaboration of twenty-five churches, political groups, unions, charities and labor unions. Colley personally recruited organizations to join the Committee.

After multiple attempts to address the public housing segregation practices through talks with City government officials and Housing Authority commissioners,
14 on February 1, 1952 Colley filed a complaint with the Sacramento County Superior Court .

13 KVIE, Public Television Channel 6 Sacramento and the Center for Sacramento History, "The Time is Now: Nathaniel Colley." August 28, 2006. 14 William Mayer, "Sacramento's Fight for Integration in Public Housing," The Crisis, January 1953, 26-33.

FIGURE 3: HISTORIC PHOTOGRAPH OF NATHANIEL COLLEY
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Historic District Plan
City of Sacramento

Colley knew that prohibiting the rental of new public housing units would put pressure on the Housing Authority to end segregation not only in new developments, but in New Helvetia as well, and therefore de facto segregation would be eliminated in all of Sacramento's public housing.
15 On April 18, 1952, the court also granted a permanent injunction barring separation in housin g.16 Nathaniel Colley gained local, regional, and national recognition as one of the leaders in the struggle to end segregation in public housing for African Americans. Expanding on his success and experience in Sacramento, Colley took the segregation fight to other California and western cities that operated public housing, working with branches of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in California and other western states.

Colley continued to fight for fair housing for African Americans and in 1954 filed the landmark legal case of Ming vs. Horgan. The lawsuit claimed that a real estate developer who was receiving federal funds for a housing project could not engage in racial discrimination against African Americans, who were qualified, and wanted to purchase a home. The U.S. Supreme Court agreed with Colley and found that these discriminatory practices were illegal for the sale of any housing that used federal funds. This eliminated discrimination against African Americans who were barred from purchasing residential homes in specific areas of a community because of restrictions written into the original deeds.

New Helvetia is the most pertinent remaining location associated with Colley's initial segregation work in public housing in Sacramento beginning in 1951. The two legal offices he successively occupied during this period have been demolished due to downtown redevelopment efforts. In 1951, Colley's law office was located at 421 ½ L Street, according to the City of Sacramento's 1951 Phone Book (there is no 1951 City Directory). The 1952 City Directory lists Colley's law office at the same location. 421 ½ L Street is now a parking lot for the 455 Capitol Mall office building. The 1953-1956 City Directories list Colley's office at 621 P Street, currently the location of the Capitol Towers apartment complex.

15 Franklin, Reynolds, Johnson, plaintiffs, vs. Housing Authority of Sacramento, Complaint No. 89018, filed February 1, 1952, Sacramento County Superior Court.
16 The Courier, "Deal Death Blow to Housing Bias," April 19, 1952, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Region 1 Records, Bancroft Library BANC MSS 78/180 c; Carton 73, Folder 54.

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Historic District Plan
City of Sacramento

Period of Significance
The district’s period of
significance begins in 1941 and
ends in 1952. This period
includes the New Helvetia
development period of
construction, as well as the
conversion of the district from
low-income housing to defense
housing for Sacramento based
on National defense legislation.

The period also encompasses
the reconversion of New
Helvetia to low-income housing
after WWII and the end of de
facto segregation of public
housing in Sacramento County.

FIGURES 4-7: PHOTOGRAPHS BY DON COX OF NEW HELVETIA DISTRICT 2014

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Historic District Plan
City of Sacramento

Character-Defining Features

The character-defining features are the essential physical elements from the period of significance that enable a historic district and its contributing resources to convey their collective historic identity and the historic district’s significance. They mu st be evident for a historic district and its contributing resources to retain their status on the Sacramento Register.

Feature Character of Historic District
Use Historically used for multi -family dwellings for the defense housing project and federal public housing.

Presently used for multi-family dwellings for federal public housing and commercial office space.

Original design and construction included a clubhouse for social gatherings but has been converted into an Education (Daycare) center.

Mass & Form Wood framed buildings.

Multi-family homes are low scale, one and two story, narrow buildings with linear ground plans.

The Clubhouse is low scale, one story and narrow, on an L shaped plan with one large and irregular shaped wing, one smaller wing that is long and narrow.

Cladding All contributing buildings within the district include brick veneer surfaces over plastered walls.

Roofs Side gabled roofs with shingles and clipped eaves, shallow roof overhangs.

Entries & Doors Building doors have been replaced with wood 6 paneled doors. Originally small shed -roofed porch canopies supported by wood posts covered all the entrances. Some canopies have been replaced with flat roofs. A few units have been fitted with unobtrusive ramped concrete path entries from the sidewalk to near the front doors to accommodate accessibility needs.

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Historic District Plan
City of Sacramento

Feature Character of Historic District

Entries & Doors

Building doors have been replaced with wood 6 paneled doors. Originally small shed -roofed porch canopies supported by wood posts covered all of the entrances. Some canopies have been replaced with flat roofs. A few units have been fitted with unobtrusive ramped concrete path entries from the sidewalk to near the front doors to accommodate accessibility needs.

Windows

The original multi-paned casement windows were steel framed, painted white, and located both on the facade elevations and on the comers of the ground floor portions. Original windows have been replaced with bronze colored metal sash containing dual pane windows in fixed, sliding, single and double hung styles .

Ornament/Design
Features
Visual interest is provided by brick soldier courses around windows and the top of doorways and randomly added clinker bricks that add minor color variations and texture to the brick veneer walls.

Emphasis on simplicity of exterior ornamentation illustrates the design priorities of the period of significance: Modern architecture movement and wartime economic constraints. Focus is purely on functionality of building.

Landscape
Characteristics
Large focus on open space. Attractive garden-like landscaping: Plantings and open yards without fences, buildings are flanked by lawn and plants.

Streetscape
A 26 acre rectilinear pattern of organized blocks, asphalt paved streets, concrete sidewalks, with pathways separated by lawn and containing trees, bushes and shrubs within a defined landscape accessible from major city streets.

The district includes parking areas, service driveways, and individual concrete walkways to home units. Street parking along Muir Way is available.

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Historic District Plan
City of Sacramento

District-Specific Standards & Criteria
Design Principle: Preserve and enhance original public housing design aesthetic while allowing for modernization and new construction to create a welcoming residential neighborhood-scale community.

Rationale: The New Helvetia (Alder Grove) Housing Community is one of the City’s best examples of WWII-era public housing. Minimal infill has taken place in the historic district, preserving the cohesive pattern of public housing units in a garden- like setting from the WWII -era. This development deserves recognition and preservation not only for its architecture but for the role it played in ending racial segregation in public housing thanks in part to significant civil rights attorney and activist Nathaniel Colley.

1.0 Review of Non-Contributing Resources
Non-contributing resources are those buildings that were included in the original development but construed after the period of significance .

According to City Code, only historic landmarks, contributing resources, and historic districts are listed in the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources. Therefore, since non-contributing resources are not listed historic buildings, they will be treated differently than contributing resources. Typically, historic preservation review for non -contributing resources will be less restrictive than the c urrent zoning and design regulations although some level of review will be necessary because Sacramento has a City-wide design review process.

2.0 Additions & Accessory Buildings for Contributing Resources The following design guidelines allow for ongoing maintenance and operation in ways that accommodate reasonable changes while also preserving key design features that account for the property’s significance. Projects proposed for a contributing resource in Sacramento ’s historic districts may involve the construction of additions and accessory buildings. Additions shall be planned sensitively in order to have a minimal impact on the historic district’s character- defining features.

2.1 Additions
a. Design additions to existing contributing buildings to preserve the linear footprint of the building. b. Avoid removing or obscuring decorative venting on mechanical rooms to accommodate additions. c. Construct additions so that if removed in the future the original buildign cladding and details will not be affected. d. Do not alter the gable roof form to accommodate additions. e. Additions should be no taller than 200% of the original building’s historic height. f. Do not remove or alter corner windows to accommodate new additions.

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Historic District Plan
City of Sacramento

3.0 Detached Dwelling Units, Garages, & Storage Structures (Accessory Buildings) This section addresses detached dwelling units, accessory buildings, and infill projects (does not apply to existing accessory buildings). a. Locate detached accessory buildings a minimum of 100-feet setback from the property line abutting Broadway to preserve the road and landscape pattern at the center of the development.
b. Located detached accessory buildings no greater than 100 -feet setback from east or west property lines to preserve the road and landscape pattern at the center of the development.
c. Do not remove healthy mature trees to accommodate new accessory structures. d. Accessory structures shall have a shed or gable roof form with a pitch that matches the pitch of the contributing resources a nd the roof shall be clad in composite shingles.

4.0 New (Infill) Construction & Alterations to Contributing Resources This section provides objective standards and criteria for construction of infill development.

4.1 Setbacks, Setting, Location, & Site Layout
Alterations to existing buildings and new construction must be within the ranges of the existing setbacks and site layout of the historic district in which it is located.
a. Do not visually block the primary front façade of a contributing resources as seen from Broadway. b. Infill buildings shall be setback a minimum of 200-feet from Broadway to preserve the historic viewshed from the public right of way. c. Locate new infill construction greater than 100 -feet from the east property line to ensure the original appearance from Muir Way is preserved.

4.2 Building Massing, Scale, & Form
Buildings that reflect the massing, scale, and form of the historic built fabric reinforce and enhance the visual continuity and quality of the historic districts.
a. Infill construction shall be no greater than 200% of the height of the tallest contributing resource found in the district. b. Infill construction shall have a rectangular footprint consistent with the range of buildings footprints found in the district.

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Historic District Plan
City of Sacramento

4.3 Architectural Character
The WWII public housing architecture of the New Helvetia Historic District is one of the key physical attributes that contribute to the visual character and appealing quality of the area.

4.4 Windows & Doors
Windows and doors are primary features that help to define the connection between the street and the building, as well as dep th, scale and rhythm of a building. These openings provide articulation and transparency to a façade. a. White vinyl windows are not allowed on new construction or when installing new windows on contributing resources. b. New windows shall be black aluminum windows or replica rolled steel windows.

4.5 Mechanical Systems
a. Design of new buildings should strive to include passive cooling features such as high ceilings and operable windows. b. Infill construction shall have no visible mechanical equipment. Ground mounted condensers should be screened from view by security screening or landscaping. Roof-top mechanical equipment shall be screened from view. c. Solar panels should be installed parallel with the roof so they are minimally visible from the street or adjacent properties. d. When exposed piping is abandoned, the unused raceway shall be removed. e. When exposed piping or conduit is unavoidable, anchors shall be installed through the grout joint and not through the brick face.

4.6 Site Features and Landscaping
Site features, streetscape, and landscaping are critical components in forming the character of a historic district. Everything from the overall streetscape, street pattern, and relationships between buildings and open spaces contribute to the historic district’s character and sense of place. a. Avoid introduction of new or expanded surface parking. b. Retain existing pedestrian paths and road pattern, when consistent with city’s building requirements.

4.7 Fencing and Screening
Fences are a character- defining feature of many of Sacramento’s historic districts, particularly those that are primarily residential in nature , however, New Helvetia is defined by the lack of fencing and screening features.

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Historic District Plan
City of Sacramento

a. Avoid introduction of new privacy fencing on the primary façade of contributing buildings. b. Chain link fencing within the district is prohibited.

4.8 Landscape and Planting
Landscape design is an important feature that ties together the built environment of Sacramento’s historic districts. It affe cts the pedestrian experience in front of all types of properties, creates or softens the public -private transition between the str eet and individual properties, and enhances the character of a historic district’s overall streetscape. a. All new infill development shall incorporate additional shade trees consistent with the city’s tree shading requirements. b. Do not interrupt the open landscape design with privacy fencing or walls. c. Maintain the parklike turf between contributing buildings. Maintain the parklike turf between contributing buildings. Alternatively, replace non-native grass with grasses and flowers native to the Sacramento region that will grow to a height no more than 2-1/2’. d. When hedges or trees require replacement, replace them with a variety native to the Sacramento region.

4.9 Lighting
Lighting is important for public safety and for the security of a property, facilitates the movement of people and creates an attractive and inviting atmosphere.
a. If new lighting is attached directly to the brick façades of contributing resources, fixtures should be no larger than 2 square feet. b. Attach new lighting to poles, accessory structures, or within landscaping.

4.9.1 Utilities
Utilities are essential to modern-day living but can visually interrupt the character and cohesiveness of a historic district when they are prevalent. a. Do not place above-ground power transformers along primary streets. Use below-grade vaults or locate within secondary streets, alleys, or landscaped areas whenever feasible.

P1. Other Identifier: Dr. Arthur R Trent’s Dentist Office __

DPR 523A (9/2013) *Required information
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial
NRHP Status Code
Other Listings
Review Code Reviewer Date
*P2. Location: Not for Publication  Unrestricted *a. County Sacramento
*b. USGS 7.5' Quad Sacramento East Date: 1967
c. Address 2014 10th Street City : Sacramento Zip 95818 e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, decimal degrees, etc., as appropriate) *P3a. Description:

The property located at 2014 10th Street contains a single-story International Style, commercial building with an L Shaped building plan located within Sacramento’s South Side neighborhood. The building was constructed with an asymmetrical plan. A flat roof with overhanging eaves over the front (east) and rear (west) and parapets on the south and north elevations. The building has a collection of ribbon of short square steel windows in the walls on the south, west and east elevations and is clad in stucco and concrete masonry unit (CMU) with a concrete foundation. (See Continuation Sheet)

*P3b. Resource Attributes: HP6. 1-3 story commercial building *P4. Resources Present:  Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (view, date,
accession #) View facing Northwest,
October 15, 2022
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Source:
 Historic Prehistoric Both
1965/Original Building Permit
*P7. Owner and Address: Legacy
Ventures, LLC., 27369 El Macero
Court, El Macero, CA 95618
*P8. Recorded by: Cameron
O’Gorman, City of Sacramento:

Community Development
Department, 300 Richards
Boulevard, Third Floor
Sacramento, California 95811.
*P9. Date Recorded: November
2022
*P10. Survey Type: (Describe)
Intensive
*P11. Report Citation: None

*Attachments: NONE Location Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other (List):

P5a. Photograph or Drawing (Photograph required for buildings, structures, and objects.)

age of * Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) *Recorded by: *Date  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (9/2013
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET
Property Name: 2014 10th Street________________________________________________________________________________ Page __3___ of __17___
*P3a. Description (continued): The primary facade of the building faces east toward 10th Street between T and U Streets. A decorative cement screen covers a large window in the center of the wall on the primary façade. A glass front door in frame of glass windows is located on the south half of the front façade with steps leading to the main entry door. The north side of the building is clad in of CMU blocks. The north elevation has no windows or decorative details. The south elevation facing Tomato Alley has a decorative cement screen that covers half of the elevation and a ramp that leads to a back door to the building. The cement screen is connected to the roof with six narrow posts. The ramp is enclosed by a metal gate and has parallel guard rails. The back of the building faces towards the west and has a rectangular parking lot along Tomato Alley. *B10. Significance (continued):

Significance of Dr. Arthur R. Trent Jr.:

The commercial building located at 2014 10th Street is most closely associated with the first owner, Dr. Arthur R. Trent Jr., one of the first African American dentists that operated in the city of Sacramento. Dr. Trent worked out of the building from 1965 to 2004 as his primary office. As a dentist, Dr. Trent helped to pioneer Sacramento’s African American medical community in a time of heightened racial discrimination and tension in the United States.

He actively participated in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the California Medical Association, the Medical Care Foundation, and was a member of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.

Dr. Arthur R Trent was born August 2, 1918, in Ontario Canada and lived there until his parents moved to the United States in the city of Los Angeles and became citizens of the United States by 1924. He graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles with an undergraduate chemistry degree in 1945. He received his medical degree from Howard University in Washington, D.C. in 1950. He moved to Sacramento after receiving his medical degree to finish his post graduate studies at Sacramento General Hospital.

Dr. Arthur R. Trent, 2004.
age of * Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) *Recorded by: *Date  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (9/2013
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET
Property Name: 2014 10th Street________________________________________________________________________________ Page __4___ of __17___
After WWII, the opportunities for skilled African Americans led to the growth of Sacramento’s Black community to more 250,000 during the 1950s. Dr. Trent was part of a wave of Black professionals who moved to Sacramento and established their own practices in the postwar environment. The first African American dentists to operate in the Sacramento area are Dr. Brewer and Dr. Kenneth Johnson in the 1940s; a decade before Dr. Trent moved to Sacramento and eventually opened his own practice at 2014 10th street. The redevelopment of the West End and the demolition of most of the buildings there in the 1950s, had a devastating impact on the businesses and the men and women who operated them. As a diverse, multi-racial neighborhood, the impacts of redevelopment of the West End fell hardest on the area’s working and middle-class minority groups. Many buildings housing businesses owned and operated by Black individuals were demolished and the businesses forced to relocate.

Luckily for Dr. Trent,
he had established his practice just south of the West End in Sacramento’s South Side neighborhood and was spared from the destruction of redevelopment.

Like many other Black professionals and business owners at the time, Dr. Trent initially struggled to find anyone willing to rent office space to him. He eventually opened his own medical practice at 1602 8th Street in Downtown Sacramento and became known as a pioneer in the local African American medical community. African American business owners faced discrimination in obtaining property to run a business and were restricted from engaging with certain occupations Sacramento during the 1950s and 60s. Dr. Trent, along with several Black business owners, managed to obtain and operate their businesses despite these obstacles. The Capital Medical Society and local chapter of the National Dental Association recognized Dr.

Trent as a trailblazer and role model in his field. He was also an active member of the local chapter of the NAACP, California Medical Association, and Alpha Phi Alpha fraternal club. Dr.

Trent was among ten African American medical professionals honored at a luncheon by the Capital Medical Society and the Sacramento chapter of the National Dental Association in 2004.

Dr. Trent worked out of his office at 2014 10
th Street until he passed away on August 21, 2004,
in the city of Sacramento California.

Significance of George Muraki:

The building at 2014 10th Street is also significant as a good example of the work of Sacramento Japanese-American architect George Muraki. Muraki built of number of historically significant buildings in the city of Sacramento. Born in 1918 in the city of Sacramento, George Muraki practiced architectural design in the city for forty years. After graduating from Sacramento High School in 1936, Muraki married Kinuye “Kini” Makishima in 1941. The entry age of * Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) *Recorded by: *Date  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (9/2013
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET
Property Name: 2014 10th Street________________________________________________________________________________ Page __5__ of __17___
of the United States into WWII led the creation of the Executive Order 9066, which forced Japanese Americans into internment camps for the duration of the war. After Executive Order 9066 was issued, Muraki was fired from his job at the California Department of Employment.

Shortly afterwards he and his wife were interned at the Tule Lake Internment Camp. While in the camp, Muraki was a block manager and his wife was secretary to the mess hall supervisor. On February 1, 1943, the United States allowed Nisei, or Japanese Americans born in the United States to join the U.S. military in WWII. George Muraki like many other Nisei volunteered to join in the war effort in the hopes of proving their loyalty to the United States. Muraki graduated from the Army Military Intelligence Service Language School and served in 442nd Infantry Regiment in the Army Military Intelligence Service for the duration of the war. In 1944, he and his wife left Tule Lake and settled in Chicago. After graduating from Chicago Technical College, he moved the family back to Sacramento in 1949. He designed and built his family home in South Land Park in 1955 located at 1620 Potrero Way.

The war also had a profound impact on the cultural landscape and demographics of the city. Over the course of the war more than 7,000 Japanese residents from Sacramento were forced to abandon their homes and businesses and sent to internment camps; only 59 percent returned to the city after the war. While in confinement, many Japanese Americans’ homes were taken by the growing African American community in Sacramento during the war.

Muraki was self-employed as an Architect since the 1950s and worked for 40 years designing buildings in the city of Sacramento and the surrounding region. Notable examples of his work include the
Centennial United Methodist Church at 5401 Freeport Boulevard in 1957, the Imperial House at 6083 S. Land Park Drive in 1965, and Ouye’s Pharmacy at 2130 10th Street in 1959. Muraki ran for City Council in 1965, but withdrew his candidacy because his architectural practice was flourishing. He would run again in 1967 but was not elected. In 1968, he was appointed by the City Council to serve on the Building Appeals Board, and in 1973, he served an important role on the Sacramento City Planning Commission for the next 10 years. In 1983 Muraki lost his re-election for the position on the Sacramento City Planning Commission.

Muraki helped to repeal the policy created by the State Personal Board on January 27, 1942, that allowed the California government to dismiss state employees of Japanese ancestry after their internment during WWII. Muraki was a member of the American Institute of Architects and Mason and Shriner. George Muraki passed away on May 21, 1991, battling cancer at the age of

73. age of * Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) *Recorded by: *Date  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (9/2013
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET
Property Name: 2014 10th Street________________________________________________________________________________ Page __6__ of __17___
Modernism first appeared in the early 20th Century as an architectural movement and philosophy that focused on functionality and abstraction in response to political and social events. Mid-Century Modern is a broad term for a range of Modernist styles such as Commercial Modern and International modern that emerged in the decades following World War II as the nation experienced unprecedented growth in the economy and population. The term Mid-Century Modern was applied to a wide variety of properties, including residences, churches, schools, banks, institutional buildings, recreational buildings, commercial and office buildings, and others. Common elements among Mid-Century Modern buildings included cantilevered roofs, flat or shed roof forms, deep overhanging eaves, canted and large expansive windows, and a variety of incorporated materials including wood, stone, brick, stucco, plastic, metal, and concrete. The building at 2014 10th Street is a classic example of a Mid-Century Modern office building designed by George Murkai during this period.

age of * Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) *Recorded by: *Date  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (9/2013
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET
Property Name: 2014 10th Street________________________________________________________________________________ Page __7__ of __17___
Conclusion:
2014 10th Street is associated with Dr. Arthur R. Trent, who was one of the first African American dentists to operate in the City of Sacramento. After opening his own medical practice became known as a pioneer in the local African American medical community. The Capital Medical Society and local chapter of the National Dental Association recognized Dr. Trent as a trailblazer and role model in his field. He was also an active member of the local chapter of the NAACP, California Medical Association, and Alpha Phi Alpha fraternal club. Dr. Trent was among ten African American medical professionals honored at a luncheon by the Capital Medical Society and the Sacramento chapter of the National Dental Association in 2004. 2014 10 th Street appears eligible for listing on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources under city code criteria 17.604.210.A.1.a.ii for its association with Dr. Arthur R.

Trent, a person significant in the City’s past.
2014 10
th Street is an excellent example of George Muraki’s work with commercial architecture. George Muraki was a prominent Japanese American architect that served the city of Sacramento Planning Commission for a decade. Muraki was a self-employed as an Architect since the 1950s and worked for 40 years designing buildings in the Sacramento region. He also designed and built several residences in the city of Sacramento including his family home in South Land Park located at 1620 Potrero Way in 1955. George Muraki’s design and construction of the building at 2014 10
th Street for Dr. Arthur R. Trent appears to justify the building for listing on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources under city code criteria

17.604.210.A.1.a.iii for its architectural design by George Muraki, an important creative individual or master.

The property at 2014 10th Street holds important historic and architectural significance, serving as a noteworthy expression of ethnic history due to its association with the African- and Japanese--American communities. The property served as the office for Dr. Arthur R. Trent’s medical practice, one of the first African American dentist in Sacramento, and for its design and construction by the Architect George Muraki. Designation as a City landmark is therefore reasonable, appropriate, and necessary to promote, protect, and further the goals and purposes of the City’s historic preservation program.
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Original Building Permit, 1965

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The Sacramento Bee Obituary: 2004

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The Sacramento Bee Obituary: 1991

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B12. References
Ancestry.com. California, U.S., Occupational Licenses, Registers, and Directories, 1876-1969.

Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015.

Ancestry.com. U.S., City Directories, 1822-1995. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011.

Ancestry.com. U.S., Japanese Americans Relocated During World War II, 1942-1946. Lehi, UT, U
SA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2005.

Ancestry.com. U.S., World War II Army Enlistment Records, 1938-1946. Provo, UT, USA:

Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2005.

Ancestry.com. U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947. Lehi, UT, USA:

Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011.

Ancestry.com. 1930-1950 United States Federal Census. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2002.

GEI Consultants. (2018). Mid-Century Modern Context Statement and Survey Results, City of Sacramento.

Fisher, Damany M. Sacramento African American Experience History Project Historic Context Statement. PAGE & TURNBULL: September 30, 2022.

Haines and R.L. Polk & Co. Sacramento City Directories 1968-2005. Sacramento Public Library.

Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, California), 1950-2004: 10. Readex: America's Historical Newspapers.

Sacramento City Building Permits.

Sacramento Historic District Plans Section 1: Sacramento’s Historic Context and Standards & Criteria City-Wide Historic Context.

Sacramento Historic District Plans Section 2: Individual Historic District Plans South Side H
istoric District Plan.
"U.S., School Yearbooks, 1880-2012"; School Name: University of California, Los Angeles; Year: 1945.

White, Lynell Hanzel. Civil Rights Activists and California Politicians Challenge Housing Discrimination in Sacramento, 1950-1966, 2016.
age of * Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) *Recorded by: *Date  Continuation  Update

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Property Name: 2014 10th Street________________________________________________________________________________ Page ___17__ of __17___
Wildie, Kevin. Sacramento’s Historic Japantown: Legacy of a Lost Neighborhood. Charleston SC: The Historic Press, 2013.

*P11. Report Citation: None
*Attachments:  None  Location Map  Sketch Map  Continuation Sheet  Building, Structure, and Object Record  Archaeological Record  District Record  Linear Feature Record  Milling Station Record  Rock Art Record  Artifact Record  Photograph Record Other (list)
DPR 523A (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial _____________________________________ NRHP Status Code
Other Listings _______________________________________________________________ Review Code __________ Reviewer ____________________________ Date ___________

P1. Other Identifier:
*P2. Location:  Not for Publication  Unrestricted *a. County Sacramento and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5’ Quad Sacramento West Date 2022 T 08N; R 04E; SW¼ of the SW¼ of Sec 26; M.D.B.M. c. Address 6390 South Land Park Drive City Sacramento Zip 95835 e. Other Locational Data: Assessor Parcel Numbe r: 02402970020000 *P3a. Description:

The 0.24-acre parcel at 6390 South Land Park Drive consists of a 2618 square -foot, two-story, Mid-Century Modern/ Contemporary style residence, with an attached two-car garage, a metal framed glass wall family room addition, and a detached shed structure in the back yard along the north side of the property line. The residence has wood-frame construction on a concrete slab, with irregular massing that combines a semi-enclosed, u-shaped courtyard entry with a compound ground plan. The residence features low, broad flat roofs with wide overhanging, fully enclosed eaves (Photograph 1). One section of the roof, above the semi-enclosed entry courtyard, features open, exposed wooden rafters. The roof of the residence is clad in layers of built-up bitumen. The residence is clad in two types of wall materials. The majority of the residence features patterned wood siding, which combines smo oth finish plywood siding with decorative trim boards to create a panelized look. The northeast side of the front façade features a concrete masonry veneer with a contemporary pattern.

The horizontal rows alternate between all stretchers on one, and a vari ed pattern of stretchers and paired headers on the next. Headers have a consistent pattern of one recessed, one protruding (Photograph 2). (See Continuation Sheet)

*P3b. Resource Attributes: HP2—Single family residence *P4. Resources Present:  Building  Structure  Object  Site  District  Element of District  Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date,
accession #) Photograph 1. Southeast
Corner, Looking Northwest
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:
 Historic  Prehistoric  Both
1963, Sacramento County Assessor
*P7. Owner and Address:

John M Lewis

*P8. Recorded by: Beatrice Cook,
California State University, Sacramento,
Department of History,
6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819

*P9. Date Recorded: April 28, 2023
*P10. Survey Type: Intensive

P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.)

*Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) Leon Residence DPR 523B (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
B1. Historic Name: 6390 South Land Park Drive
B2. Common Name: 6390 South Land Park Drive
B3. Original Use: Residence B4. Present Use: Residence *B5. Architectural Style: Mid-Century Modern - Contemporary *B6. Construction History: Construction was completed in 1963, Family room addition completed in 1967.

*B7. Moved?  No  Yes  Unknown
*B8. Related Features: ________
B9. Architect: James C. Dodd b. Builder:
*B10. Significance: Theme Association with significant person(s), architectural style, and work of a master. Area South Land Park Hills Period of Significance 1963-2001 Criterion II; 1963 Criterion IV Property Type Residential Applicable Criteria Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources Criteria II and IV.

The property located at 6390 South Land Park Drive in Sacramento, California, is eligible for listing on the Sacramento Register of Historic and C ultural Resources Criteria II and IV. Criterion II recognizes properties that are associated with significant people who have made a noteworthy contribution to the community, state, or nation's social, cultural , economic, or political history. The property is eligible under this criterion because of its association with the individuals Wilmer and Edwina Leon, who were highly respected members of the African American community in Sacramento. Both Wilmer and Edwina were individually involved in various civic societies and organizations promoting the fair treatment of African American residents. Criterion IV recognizes properties that embody the unique features of a particular style, era, or building method, represent the exceptional craftsmanship of a master, demonstrate exceptional artistic values, or represent a significant and distinct entity, even if their individual components may lack distinctiveness . It is noteworthy for its association with the craftsmanship of James C. Dodd, a renowned local African -American architect. The property retains a high level of integrity in terms of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. Its historic context is well-preserved, and its significance is intertwined with its association with the African American community and the notable contributions of the Leons and James C. Dodd. The property maintains its original appearance from the associated period of significance and retains its feeling of privacy. (See Continuation Sheet)

B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes)

*B12. References:

(See Continuation Sheet)

B13. Remarks:

*B14. Evaluator: Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross

*Date of Evaluation: April 28, 2023

(This space reserved for official comments.)

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

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P3a. Description (continued):

The first floor of the front façade (east facing) is mostly obscured by wood fenci ng with thin vertical boards , and plant cover, excepting the garage on the south east corner of the residence which is fully visible (Photograph 3). The fence features a wrought iron screen door with a geometric pattern that leads to the semi-enclosed courtyard. The entrance to the residence is obscured by the fence and the screen door, when closed. When open, the courtyard beyond is partially visible, showing the walkway, the foliage-surrounded water feature, which is crossed by a bridge with a wooden railing that leads to the front door (Photograph 4). Visible on the east facing wall beyond the courtyard is a panelized trio of vinyl framed windows . The wall is clad above and below with smooth finish plywood and decorative trim boards, completing the panelized look. This same pattern is repeated on the northeast wing, on the front façade, where a window can be seen, though partially obscured behind the fence. The vinyl framed sliding window is again flanked by s mooth finish plywood and decorative trim board cladding above, and presumably below. The northeast wing front facing wing of the residence features a raised ceiling section protruding upwards, with clerestory windows separated by mullions, wrapping around all four sides; three on the south and north facing sides, and four on the east and west facing sides. Rising from the elevated section is a low profile, concrete masonry clad, metal hooded chimney (Photograph 5). The façade of the second floor features a ribbon of four vinyl framed sliding windows, which are partially obscured by a wooden vertical slat, exterior window screen.

The south facing wall features two vinyl framed sliding windows on the first floor, along the side of the garage. On the second floor, the south fa cing wall features a single vinyl framed sliding window near the rear of the residence (Photograph 1). The north facing wall features an outward swinging wrought iron screen door that covers a vinyl frame sliding glass door, located at the front of the residence, leading to a side yard. Further down the north facing wall is a three pane, vinyl framed sliding glass door, partially covered by an outward swinging wrought iron screen door. The roofline above the north facing wall features a vertical post and metal guard rail. The north facing wall of the second floor features a single vinyl frame sliding window near the rear of the residence. The rear wall, (west facing) is not visible from the street, though records show the presence of a metal framed, glass wall, family room addition.

To the north of the residence, a stand-alone shed is located along the north fence line and features a slant shed style roof, clad in composite roofing shingles, and clad in vertical wooden board siding (Photograph 6).

B10. Significance (continued):

Historic Context

Neighborhood Development

The property located at 6390 South Land Park Drive is located within the South Land Park Hills subdivision of Sacramento, Cal ifornia. Before residences in the development were built, the area was largely rural and undeveloped. In the 1930s and 1940s, as Sacramento began to grow and expand, the area around South Land Park Hills began to see more development, and in the late 1940s and early 1950s, developers began to purchase tracts of land in the area and started to build residences , with South Land Park Hills being one of several subdivisions that were developed during this time.

Visionary homebuilder Joseph Eichler decided to expand his operations beyond the San Francisco Bay Area, introducing his distinctive modern home designs to The South Land Park Hills subdivision in 1955. Unfortunately, Eichler homes faced challenges in finding acceptance, as Sacramentans were unaccustomed to the bold features of houses with extensive glass and flat roofs. The initial project concluded with approximately 60 homes built, falling short of Eichler Street's vicinity, which curiously lacks any Eichler homes. This withdrawal from the market was due to the limited appeal and unfamiliarity with Eichler's distinct designs in Sacramento. Eichler's decision to withdraw from the development resulted in numerous vacant parcels left behind , including the parcel at 6390 South Land Park Drive .

South Land Park Hills was a primarily white neighborhood during its initial phase of development , and discriminatory practices preventing people of color from purchasing homes or living in the area were common. In some cases, black families who were unable to buy homes because of discriminatory practices would enlist the help of white friends or acquaintances to purchase homes or lots on their behalf. The use of white proxies to buy homes or lots for black families was one way that black families sought to overcome the barriers to homeownership and access to resources that they faced during this time. While this practice was not illegal, it was often met with hostility and suspicion from white residents who saw it as a threat to t heir community. Discriminatory practices led to three months of protests in South Land Park Hills after it came to light that Aerojet physi cist Arthur Lyman, an African American resident of Sacramento, was denied the purchase of a residence in the neighborhood after his race was discovered.

B10. Significance (continued):

Records indicate that the parcel located at 6390 South Land Park Drive was initially purchased by Anthony Van Walferen, a white resident of Sacramento, in April of 1959. Six months later the Deed of Trust was transferred to Wilmer and Edwina Leon, prominent African American residents of Sacramento. Records are not clear on the nature of this agreement. However, it appears similar to many other local purchases using a white proxy to bypass discriminatory real estate practices. The Leon family began construction on a custom residence, designed by locally renowned African American architect James C. Dodd in early 1962. Records indicate that construction of the residence was completed in February of 1963.

Wilmer Joseph Leon Jr.

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial _________________________________________ __ _

Wilmer Joseph Leon Jr., born in 1920 in Donaldsonville, Louisiana, was a prominent figure in the African American community i n Sacramento, California.

After serving in the United States Army during World War II, he pursued higher education and obtained a Bachelor's degree from Southe rn University in 1949, utilizing his G.I. Bill benefits. While studying at Southern University, Wilmer met Edwina Therrell Devore, a resident of New Orleans. The two married and moved to Alameda County, California. Wilmer attended the University of California at Berkeley, where he earned a Master's Degree in Sociology in 1954.

Wilmer had a distinguished career marked by his dedication to public service and advocacy. He began his tenure with the California Department of Corrections, where he served for 12 years, initially as a Parole Officer and later as the Assistant District Parole Supervisor. In 1966, Wilmer's commitment to equality and fairness led to his appointment as the first director of the Sacramento regional office of the State Fair Employment Practices Commission. Recognized for his exceptional qualities and expertise, he was nominated for a draft board post in 1968.

Wilmer actively participated in various organizations that aimed to promote social justice and equal opportunities. He was a valued member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Urban League, Catholic Youth Organiza tion, and the Sacramento Committee for Fair Housing.

In addition to his advocacy work, Wilmer shared his knowledge and expertise as a Criminal Justice Lecturer at California Stat e University, Sacramento. His passion for education and the pursuit of justice extended to co-authoring the textbook "American Minorities: The Justice Issue ." Throughout his career and community involvement, Wilmer Joseph Leon Jr. exemplified his unwavering dedication to creating a fair and inclusive society. Wilmer passed away on December 15, 2011.

Edwina Therrell Leon

Edwina Therrell Devore Leon, born in 1924 in New Orleans, was an equally esteemed figure within the African American community in Sacramento, California.

Edwina was inspired by her upbringing in New Orleans to dedicate her life to helping others. Her personal experiences and the vibrant culture of her hometown instilled in her a strong sense of compassion and a drive to make a positive impact on people's lives. This profound inspiration influenced her career in social work and fueled her commitment to advocating for social justice, providing support to those in need, and empowering marginali zed communities. She attended Southern University, where she obtained her Bachelor's degree , and later earned her Ph.D. in Social Work from the University of Chicago.

Edwina began her professional endeavors as the assistant director of Catholic Social Services in Sacramento, providing crucia l support to individuals and families in need. She actively engaged with the Negro Wome n's Civic Improvement Club (NWCIC), eventually becoming the President. In 1958, she, along with fifteen other local alumni, founded Sacramento's first chapter of the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority, the Eta Gamma Omega Chapter of the exclusively African American sorority. In 1964, Edwina was offered the opportunity to help establish California State University, Sacramento's So cial Work department, where she became the first and only African American professor in the program at the time.

B10. Significance (continued):

After her retirement from the university in 1982, Edwina founded and directed Visions Unlimited, a network of outpatient mental health facilities primarily serving minority and low-income communities in the local area. Her commitment to fostering mental well-being and providing accessible care made a profound impact on those she served. In recognition of her remarkable contributions to the community, Edwina was listed as one of "Sacramento’s 100 Most Influential Blacks" by The Observer, a local African American newspaper, in 1984. She was named an “outstanding woman” in 1996 by the YWCA for her work in children’s services. Edwina retired from Visions in 2001, the same year she received special recognition from the Sacramento City Council for her contributions to the community. Edwina passed away on March 22, 2009.

James C. Dodd

James C. Dodd Sr. designed the residence at 6390 South Land Park Drive for Wilmer and Edwina, with their input. The property is one of only a few documented single-family residential properties that Dodd designed . Dodd was a notable African -American architect in Sacramento, California, who gained local significance for his contributions to Mid-Century Modern architecture. Dodd was born in Texas in 1923 and served as an Army lieutenant in World War II. After the war, Dodd used the G.I. Bill to study architecture at the University of California, Berkeley and later became a draftsman for the State Division of Architecture. He left his position as a draftsman and joined the architectural firm of Barovetto & Thomas, one of the oldest and continuing Architecture firms in Sacramento. Dodd’s architectural work is prominent throughout Sacramento and Northern California.

Dodd designed churches, educational facilities, and private and public buildings throughout the city. He was also one of the first licensed African-American architects in Sacramento. One of his most notable works is the Shiloh Baptist Church, which is listed as a landmark on the Ca lifornia Register of Historical Resources and the National Register of Historic Places. Dodd was also involved in affordable housing projects throughout Northern California, Nevada, Utah, and Mississippi during his nearly 40 -year career. During the 1970s and 1980s, Dodd’s architectural career extended into the social realm of developing affordable housing projects in Norther n California. He collaborated with the Rural Communities Housing Development Corporation (RCHDC) in Ukiah, California, to design low-income housing in Mendocino County and Lake County.

Dodd was also involved in politics and education. He served on the Board of Directors in the local chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA), and later as statewide director of the California Council of the American Institute of Architects (CCAIA) Board of Directors, and at the national level as a Regional Director on the AIA Board. Dodd held a seat on the City Board of Education in 1966 and was later appointed to the Board of Govern ors of the California Community Colleges by Governor Ronald Reagan. He also served as a member of the Coordinating Council on Highe r Education. Dodd passed away on February 9, 2018. He was an active and well-respected member of the community, as well as the recipient of numerous awards. Dodd's contributions to the field of architecture and affordable housing have left a lasting impact on Sacramento and Northern California.

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial _________________________________________ __ _

Mid-Century Modern

South Land Park H ills is home to a number of Mid -Century Modern homes, including the residence at 6390 South Land Park Drive. “ Mid-Century Modern” describes an architectural style popular period during the decades following World War II and lasted until the 1970s. During this period, the nation experienced unprecedented growth in the economy and population, which resulted in the mass production of building types in the style acro ss the nation, including Sacramento. The Mid-Century Modern style was applied to a wide variety of properties, including residences, churches, schools, banks, institutional buildings, recreational buildings, commercial and office buildings, and others.

Mid-Century Modern architectural style was particularly popular in California. California's post-war economic prosperity, booming population, and forward - thinking mindset made it an ideal environment for the embrace of innovative architectural styles. California's climate and natural surroundings also lent themselves well to the Mid -Century Modern aesthetic. The abundance of sunlight and mild weather allowed for the incorporation of large windows, open floor plans, and seamless transitions between indoo r and outdoor areas. Notably, the Mid -Century Modern movement saw the emergence of visionary developers such as Jo seph Eichler, who made significant contributions to the architectural landscape. Eichler's developments, including those in Northe rn California, showcased the distinctive characteristics of Mid-Century Modern design, becoming highly sought-after examples of the style. These neighborhoods, with their forward-thinking designs and sense of community, continue to be celebrated for their enduring inf luence on modern architecture.

B10. Significance (continued):

The style is characterized by clean, often rectilinear lines, simple shapes, and minimal ornamentation. Buildings in this style often feature large windows or window walls and open floor plans that maximize natural light and create a sense of flow between indoor and outdoor spaces. Mid-century modern architecture often incorporated new materials and construction techniques , including steel, concrete, glass, and plastic, which were used in inno vative ways. Natural building materials were also often incorporated, including wooden elements, stone, and plywood panels, in an attempt to create a sense of harmony with the building and its surroundings. Other common elements among Mid-Century Modern buildings includ e low-pitched roofs, cantilevered roofs, and flat or shed roof forms, often with deep overhanging eaves. In residential forms, entrances are often obscured from view, behind masonry or wooden privacy walls, or by the unique placement of the doorway.

Asian architecture was one of the many sources of inspiration for mid -century modern architecture. Architects and designers of the time were interested in the simplicity and elegance of traditional Japanese architecture, particularly the use of natural materials and the inte gration of indoor and outdoor spaces.

This influence can be seen in the use of wood and stone in many mid -century modern buildings, as well as in the incorporation of Japanese -style gardens and other outdoor features. Mid-century modern designers also drew inspiration from other global design trends, including Scandinavian design, which emphasized simplicity and functionality, and the International Style, which emphasized the use of modern materials such as gl ass and steel. Overall, mid- century modern architecture represents a unique and innovative period in American design history, characterized by a desire to create functional, affordable, and visually appealing buildings that integrate with the surrounding environment.

Evaluation

The property at 6390 South Land Park Drive does not appear to be eligible for inclusion on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources under Criteria I, III, V or VI.

The property is eligible for inclusion on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources under Criterion II, which requires that the property be associated with significant individuals who have made a significant contribution to the cultural, social, economic, or political history of the community, state, or nation. The property is eligible for its association with the individuals Wilmer Leon and Edwina Leon, both well-respected members of the African American community in Sacramento. The Leons were individually active in many civic societies and organizations that sought to promote the fair treatment of African American residents in Sacramento and across the state. Wilmer Leon championed civil rights issues through his work with the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), his appointment as the first director of the Sacramento regional o ffice of the State Fair Employment Practices Commission, and his teaching and writing about criminal justice at California State University, Sacramento . Edwina Leon was equally active in the local community, working with the Negro Women's Civic Improvement Club (NWCIC), founding Sacramento's first cha pter of the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority, and helping to establish California State University, Sacramento's Social Work department, where she became the first and only African American professor in the program at the time. Until her retirement, Edwina taught and published works, after which s he founded and directed Visions Unlimited, a group of outpatient mental health facilities primarily serving minority and low -income communities in the local area. Edwina was also named one of “Sacramento’s 100 Most Influential Blacks”, according to The Observer in 1984.

The property also meets the eligibility for Criterion IV, which deems a property eligible for listing if it represents the exceptional craftsmanship of a master.

The property is eligible for its association with the craftmanship of renowned local African-American architect James C. Dodd. Dodd was a prominent figure in Sacramento's African American community and an accomplished architect who left who made significant contributions to the field of architecture in the region. The property is one of onl y a few documented single-family residential properties that Dodd designed, making it an important representation of his work in this typology. Dodd's work is notable for its clean lines, efficient use of space, and incorporation of outdoor livin g spaces. He designed churches, educational facilities, and private and public buildings throughout the city, including one of his most notable works, the Shiloh Baptist Church, which is listed on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources. The involvement of Dodd in the design of the residence at 6390 South Land Park Drive adds to its significance under Criterion IV.

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial _________________________________________ __ _

B10. Significance (continued):

The property at 6390 South Land Park Drive retains a high level of integrity in terms of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. Its location within the South Land Park Hills subdivision of Sacramento has remained unchanged since its construction in 1964, and the property’s feeling and relationship with its surroundings are intact. The property's hidden courtyard entry and Mid -Century Modern-Contemporary architectural style contribute to its historic context and retain its original form. The design, materials, and workmanship, including the use of patterned wood siding and concrete masonry veneer, are also original. The property's significance is intertwined with its association with the African American community and the no table contributions of the Leons and James C. Dodd . It maintains its original appearance from the associated period of significance. The property also retains its feeling of privacy, tranquility, and connection to the outdoors, exemplified by its semi -enclosed courtyard and indoor -outdoor living spac e. Overall, the property retains a high level of integrity and continues to embody the qualities that contribute to its significance under the National Register of Historic Places criteria.

Conclusion

In summary, the property at 6390 South Land Park Drive meets the eligibility criteria for listing on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources under Criteria II and IV. It is associated with significant individuals, Wilmer and Edwina Leon, who made notable contributions to the cultural, social, economic, and political history of the community. The property also embodies the unique features and craftsmanship of renowned local Af rican-American architect James C. Dodd, adding to its significance. The p roperty retains a remarkable level of integrity in terms of its location, design, materials, and association, preserving its original appearance and maintaining a strong connection to its designated period of significance. The years from 1963 to 2001 encompass the Leons' residency at the property, during which they made noteworthy contributions to the community. Additionally, the propert y showcases Dodd's architectural style and craftsmanship, with its period of significance centered around its construction year of 1963. The property's historical and architectural significance, combined with its well -preserved appearance and connection to its period of significance, make it a compelling candidate for listing on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources.

B12. References (continued):
"6390 S Land Park Dr, Sacramento, CA 95831 - Google Maps." Google Maps.

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial _________________________________________ __ _

https://www.google.com/maps/place/6390+S+Land+Park+Dr,+Sacramento,+CA+95831/@38.5107497,121.5261971,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3 m5!1s0x809ad1e7bf491d8f:0xc6701a771e6eb9c0!8m2!3d38.5107334!4d-121.5159188!16s%2Fg%2F11c28tmnmf.

"ANTHONY VAN WOLFEREN OBITUARY." Legacy.com. January 4, 2014. Sacramento Bee. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/sacbee/name/anthony -van- wolferen-obituary?id=11209473.

Barrow, Genoa. "Gone, but Not Forgotten." The Observer (Sacramento, California), December 24, 2009

"Beyond the Built Environment- James C. Dodd Biography". 2023. https://www.beyondthebuilt.com/james-c-dodd

Bridge, N. Architecture 101: From Frank Gehry to Ziggurats, an Essential Guide to Building Styles and Materials. Adams Media, 2015. https://books.google.com/books?id=8G4kDwAAQBAJ.

Burzon, Julia K. 2022. Welcome Home 3 (James C. Dodd Architect Sacramento, CA). https://www.hmvcgallery.com/product/welcome-home-3-james-c-dodd- architect-sacramento-ca/.

California State University, Sacramento. 2007. "Emeriti and Emeritae Faculty Listing: Edwina Leon (1964), Professor of Social Work Emeritus (1983)."

Camayd, Laura, Certified Local Government Program Specialist, and Sarah Blankenship, Texas Main Street Program Project Design Assistant. "Identifying Mid -Century R esidential Architecture." Texas Historical Commission. https://www.thc.texas.gov/public/upload/publications/Mid -Century-Resources.pdf

Colley, Nathaniel S. Personal Letter Addressed to Wilmer Leon. Sacramento, April 23, 1969, Center for Sacramento History Nathan Colley Collection

CSUS Retirees Association. 2009. "In Memoriam Archive for the Year 2009 (Edwina Leon)." https://www.csus.edu/org/retirees/in_memory/2009_mem.html.

Davila, Robert. "Social worker spent her life teaching and aiding poor, elderly." Sacramento Bee, The (CA), March 26, 2009: B4. NewsBank: Acc ess World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb -newsbank-com.proxy.lib.csus.edu/apps/news "EDWINA LEON OBITUARY." Legacy. com. March 26, 2009, Sacramento Bee. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/sacbee/name/edwina -leon- obituary?id=12659850.

Fisher, Damany Morris. "Far from Utopia: Race, Housing, and the Fight to End Residential Segregation in Sacramento, 1900–1980." ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2008.

GEI Consultants, Inc.; Mead & Hunt, Inc. 2017. "City Of Sacramento." Mid-Century Modern in the City of Sacramento Historic Context Statement and Survey Results. September 30. http://www.cityofsacramento.org/-/media/corporate/files/cdd/planning/urban -design/preservation/mcm-context- statement-report_update-website.pdf.

“Ghetto Housing Is 1st Unitarian Meeting Topic: Minority Housing: Ghettos Black And White,” Sacramento Bee (Sac ramento, California), July 20, 1968: 15.

NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.csus.edu/apps/news

Greene, Fayal. 1991. The Anatomy of a House: A Picture Dictionary of Architectural and Design Elements . New York: Doubleday.

Hope, Andrew. Tract Housing in California, 1945-1973: A Context for National Register Evaluation. California Department of Transportation, 2011.

Hopkins, Owen. Architectural Styles: A Visual Guide. Laurence King Publishing, 2014.

Kreiss, Margaret, “Pencil Me In: Stepping Stones” Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, California), August 1, 1971: 76. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb -newsbank com.proxy.lib.csus.edu/apps/news

"Kyles Temple Named Historic Site." The Observer 52 (Sacramento, California), no. 15, March 19, 2015

“Letter From the People: Like Race Tab,” Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, California), October 3, 1969: 16. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.csus.edu/apps/news

Leon, Edwina. The Melting Pot Fable: Achieving Effective Social Work Practice with Minorities of Color. 1981.

"Local AKA Chapter Started in 1958." The Observer (Sacramento, California), January 29, 2009.

Long, Elton. American Minorities: The Justice Issue [by] Elton Long [and Others]. Prentice -Hall Essentials of Law Enforcement Series. Englewood Cliffs, N.J:

Prentice-Hall, 1975.

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

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“LOTS: South Land Park Hills Unit 7.” Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, California), August 23, 1958, 31. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/new

McAlester, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America's Domest ic Architecture / Virginia Savage McAlester; with Drawings by Suzanne Patton Matty and Photographs by Steve Clicque. 2nd ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013.

McMorrough, Julia, and Dan Wheeler. The Architecture Reference & Specification Book: Everything Architects Need to Know Every Day. Osceola, UNITED STATES: Quarto Publishing Group USA, 2008. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/csus/detail.action?docID=339 9923.

National Register of Historic Places. Primary Record, "James C. Dodd Residence, Sacramento, California," April 2020.

Oland, Dana "A Vision of a Better Quality of Life." SACRAMENTO BEE, October 22, 1995, D5 https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/

Pagoda Red. "Under the Influence: Modernism's Debt to Asia." Pagoda Red Blog, August 10, 2016 https://www.pagodared.com/blog/2016/08/10/under-the- influence-modernisms-debt-to-asia/

“Race Relations Will Be Topic For Workshop,” Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, California), October 6, 1967: 7. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.csus.edu/apps/news

“Reagan Meets With Capital Area Negroes,” Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, California), March 30, 1968: 17. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and

Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.csus.edu/apps/news

Rental Listing for 6390 South Land Park Drive, 2023, https://www.apartments.com/6390-s-land-park-dr-sacramento-ca/5n1gekm/.

Rutland, Ginger. "Social Worker extraordinaire." The Sacramento Bee, August 4, 2001: B6. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.csus.edu/apps/news

Sacramento County Assessor. 1962. Building Division- Building Inspector's Report Card: Permit No. E -1253.

Sacramento County Assessor. 1967. Building Division- Building Inspector's Re port Card: Permit No. F-6175.

Sacramento County Assessor's Office. Assessor's Map Book 024, Page 029. https://assessorparcelviewer.saccounty.gov/jsviewer/assessor.html#.

Sacramento County. 1959. "Clerk/Recorder Public Index Search." 680 Deed Transfer Between Van Walferen and the Leons. October 20. https://recordersdocumentindex.saccounty.net/#!/searchResult#!%2Fdisclaimer .

—. 1959. "Clerk/Recorder Public Index Search." 6 90 Deed Transfer Van Walferen Initial Purchase. April 7. https://recordersdocumentindex.saccounty.net/#!/searchResult#!%2Fdisclaimer .

—. 1963. "Clerk/Recorder Public Index Search." 306 Notice of Completion on 6390 South Land Park Drive. February 26. https://recordersdocumentindex.saccounty.net/#!/searchResult#!%2Fdisclaimer .

"Sacramento’s 100 Most Influential Blacks.” The Observer. (Sacramento, California), February 1984, 15.

"South Land Park Hills Historic District Plan, Proposed Eichler District." City of Sacramento. https://www.cityofsacramento.org/Community-Development/Planning/Urban -Design/Preservation/Eichler -Historic-District.

“State FEPC Office IS Opened In Capital.” Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, California), December 19, 1966: 8. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.csus.edu/apps/news

"Stepping Stones Hold Fundraising Fro lic." The Observer 8, no. 39 (Sacramento, California) September 9, 1971

Turnbull, Page &, and Damany M. Fisher. 2022. "Sacramento African American Experience History Project: Historic Context Statement." Sacramento.

“Two Minority Group Members Are Nominated For Draft Board Posts.” Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, California), February 13, 1968, 28. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news

White, Lynell Hanzel. "Civil Rights Activists and California Politicians Challenge Housing Discrimination in Sacramento, 1950-1966." California State University, Sacramento, 2016.

“White Racism Is Hit In Panel Discussion,” Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, California), October 28, 1968: 24. NewsBank: Access Wo rld News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.csus.edu/apps/news

Williams, James, "The NAACP Reports: The NAACP Fund Raiser." The Observer 9, no. 1, December 2, 1971

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

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Wade, Alan D. Personal Letter to Nathan Colley in Response to Promotion Recommendation for Edwina Leon, Sacramento, November 8, 1971, Center for Sacramento History Nathan Colley Collection

Weinstein, Dave. "Eichlers in South Land Park, Sacramento." Eichler Network. https://www.eichlernetwork.com/article/eichlers -south- land-park-sacramento?page=0,2.
"WILMER LEON OBITUARY." Legacy.com. December 20, 2011, Sacramento Bee. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/sacbee/name/wilmer-leon- obituary?id=9982323&fhid=8300.

York, Jennifer M., and T. D. Jakes. Who's Who among African Americans. Vol. 16th ed, Detroit, MI: Gale Group, 2003. Book. https://login.proxy.lib.csus.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=87632.

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

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Photographs (continued):

Photograph 2: Front Façade, Entry Courtyard, Camera facing northwest.

Photograph 3: Front Façade, camera facing west.

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Photograph 4: Front Façade, detail shot of entry courtyard and second -floor wooden slate exterior window screen. Camera facing west

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

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Photograph 5: North-facing side, camera angle facing south west.

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

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Photograph 6: Detached Shed located on the north side of the property, camera angle facing southwest.

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

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Figure 1: Google Maps screenshot of 6390 S Land Park Dr, Sacramento, CA 95831

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

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Figure 2: Sacramento County Assessor's Office, Assessor's Map Book 024, Page 029

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

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Figure 3: Building Inspectors Card, Initial Construction

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

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Figure 4: Building Inspectors Card, Addition Construction

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

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Figure 5: Painting of Residence at 6390 South Land Park Drive Welcome Home 3 (James C. Dodd Architect), Julia K. Burzon

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

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Figure 6: Personal Correspondence from Nathan Colley to Wilmer J Leon Jr.

Center for Sacramento History Nathan Colley Collection

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

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Figure 7: Personal Correspondence to Nathan Colley in reference to Edwina T. Leon Center for Sacramento History Nathan Colley Collection

*Recorded by Beatrice Cook and Ella Cross *Date April 28, 2023  Continuation  Update

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Figure 8: The Observer “Sacramento’s 100 Most Influential Blacks”; Cover of Story

Figure 9: Edwina Leon, named as one of “Sacramento’s 100 Most Influential Blacks”

*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter “none.”) None *Attachments:  None  Location Map  Sketch Map  Continuation Sheet  Building, Structure, and Object Record  Archaeological Record  District Record  Linear Feature Record  Milling Station Record  Rock Art Record  Artifact Record  Photograph Record Other (list)
DPR 523A (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial _____________________________________ NRHP Status Code
Other Listings _______________________________________________________________ Review Code __________ Reviewe r ____________________________ Date ___________

P1. Other Identifier : 4991 Warwick Avenue
*P2. Location:  Not for Publication  Unrestricted *a. County Sacramento and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5’ Quad Sacramento East Date 1947 (photorevised 1966) T 8N; R 5E; SW ¼ of Sec 20; Mount Diablo B.M. c. Address 4991 Warwick Avenue City Sacramento Zip 95820 e. Other Locational Data:

Assessor Parcel Number: 022-0103-024
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries ) This 1,027 square-foot single-family residence at 4991 Warwick Avenue is located on a .17-acre lot in the South Oak P ark neighborhood in Sacramento, California. It is a single-family Minimal Traditional h ouse that was built in 1955 with a roughly rectangular plan. It is a wood-framed building, and all walls are clad in stucco with little to no decorativ e detailing.

The building has a low-pitched roof with two hipped elements and extends over the attached garage. The roof is clad in composition shingles and features narrow boxed eaves throughout. There is a shed-style awning that extends from the roof and provides shelter over the front porch; the awning has two wood support beams. The front-façade features a small, offset concrete entry porch with two large steps and one smaller step. There is one medium-sized window located on either side of the flushed front door. There is a 1 x 1 sliding square window with aluminum framing to the right of the front doorway and a 1 x 1 sliding rectangular window with aluminum framing to the left of the front door that is covered by a solar shade. (See Continuation Sheet)
*P3b. Res ource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2–Single-Family Residence *P4. Resources Present:  Building  Structure  Object  Site  District  Element of District  Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date,
accession #) Photo#1. Camera facing east,
April 13, 2023
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:
 Historic  Prehistoric  Both
1955 (Sacramento County Assessor’s
Office)

*P7. Owner and Address:

Lakeitha Shaver
4991 Warwick Ave, Sacramento CA,
95820

*P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, address)
Ella Cross, CSUS. 6000 J Street
Sacramento, CA 95819.
*P9. Date Recorded: April 13, 2023
*P10. Survey Type: (Describe)
Intensive
P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for bui ldings, structures, and objects.)

*Resource Name or # (Assigned b y recorder) Francis House DPR 523B (1/95) *Required Informat ion State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
B1. Historic Name: Francis House
B2. Common Name: 4991 Warwick Avenue
B3. Original Use: Residential B4. Present Use: Residential *B5. Architectural Style: Minimal Traditional
*B6. Construction History: (Construction date, a lteration, and da te of alterations) The property locat ed at 4991 Warwick Avenue was built in 1955. Building permits indicate that the building was reroofed in 1998 and show that new windows were installed in 2016 by the current owner. ( City of Sacramento’s Citizen Permit Portal)

*B7. Moved?  No  Yes  Unknown Date: Original Location:
*B8. Related Features: None
B9. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown
*B10. Significance: Theme n/a Area South Oak Park, Sacramento Period of Significance n/a Property Type Residence Applicable Criteria n/a

The property at 4991 Warwick Avenue appears to meet the criteria for l isting in the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources under Criterion II because of its association with the life of Ant hony Francis, a li felong community organizer and social worker who was a founding member and the first president of the Oak Park Neighborhood Council and Museum.

The property doe s not appear to be eligible for inclusion in the Sacramento Register of Histo ric and Cultural Resources under Criteria I, III, IV , V or VI. (See Continuation Sheet)

B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes)

*B12. References:

Page & Turnbull, Damany M. Fisher Ph.D, City of Sacramento , “Sacramento African A merican Experience History Project :

Historic Context Statement. ” October 28, 2022; City of Sacramento, “Oak Park Historic District Plan”;
Property records of the Sacramen to Cou nty Assessor’s Office; City of Sacramento ’s Citizen Permit Portal; USGS, Sacramento East, Calif., 7.5-minute quadra ngle, 1947; Anthony Francis, Interview by X Pasha . 31 December 2021. CSUS Oral History Project, CSU Sacramento ; City of Sacramento, “A Comm unity Plan for Fruitridge,” July 1965 .

B13. Remarks:

*B14. Evaluator: Ella Cross

*Date of Evaluation: May 2023

(This space reserved for off icial comments.)

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P3a. Description (continued):

The southern wall of the building appears to have a large, multi -paned window, but it is di fficult to distinguish from the public right of way and satellite imagery. There is a brick chimney on the northern side of the build ing with a noticeable chimney pot, and the northern wall of the building features a small 1 x 1 sliding window with aluminum paneling. There is an attached two-car garage located on the southwest corner of the building, south of the main entryway; a concrete driveway on the right side of the front-facade leads to the garage. The garage is double-doored and front-facing and is set into the main body of the house. There is a small shed in the backyard placed near the northern fence line that is only visible using satellite imagery. The garage and front yard are encl osed by a wrought iron fence.

B10. Significance (continued):

Historic Context

The proper ty at 4991 W arwick Avenue is located in the South Oak Park neighborhood of Sacramento, California, near Martin Luther King Jr. Boule vard and State Route 99. During the second half of the nineteenth century, Irish immigrant William Doyle owned the 230-acre William Doyle Ranch situated in present-day Oak Park. In 1887, developer Edwin K.

Alsip and his compan y Alsip Realty subdivided the Doyle ranch and renamed it Oak Pa rk. Alsip also owned the Central Street Railway Company and extended a streetcar line from 2nd and H streets in the West End of Downtown Sacramento to the newly established Oak Park development. While growth was initially slow, the creation of Joyland—an amusement park in Oak Park that featured a dance floor, concert stage, roller coasters, and a roller rink—in 1894 and the addition of a second streetcar line led to a small influx of middle -class residents at the turn of the twentie th century. Furthermore, in 1906, the California State Fair relocated to a fairground off Stockton Boulevard situated east of Oak Park. Shortly after, Oak Park was officially annexed into the City of Sacramento in 1911; this was the first time the city had expanded since it had been platted in 1848.

Figure 1: Newspaper clipping advertising new land tracts in Oak Park circa 1924. Source: Sacramento Bee.

From 1900 to 1930, Oak Park experienced substantial growth. This included the development of its own commercial district around Sacramento Avenue ( called Broadway today) that feature d brick s hopfronts, th eaters, and other institutional buildings. Although the demographics of Oak Park during this period primarily consisted of people with European ancestry, African American s and Lat inos always maintained smaller communities throughout Oak Park. Blue-collar jobs at the

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California State Fair, the Southern Pacific and Western Pacific railroads, canneries, and State of California agencies such as the California State Highway Com mission employed many of Oak Park’s residents prior to World War II.

Post-World War II

After World War II and into the 1950s, many of Oak Park’s middle-class families and businesses relocated to newer suburbs that were made accessible by the increasing popularity and reliance on the automobile; this exodus opened the door for new residents to move into Oak Park. African Americans, who had previously lived in the West End of Downt own Sacramento, were being forced out of their communities because of increasingly restrictive racial covenants, urban redevelopment in the West End following the California Re development Act of 1945, and the creation of multiple highways , including U.S.

Highway 50 and Interstate 80, which cut through neighborhoods that largely consis ted of minority groups. These events made Oak Park a new de stination for those being displaced. Moreover, as newly constructed postwar subdivisions were increasingly segregated, Oak Park became a site where African Americans, Asians, and Latino s could purchase and own homes. Along with the changing demographics, Oak Park witnessed other notable changes throughout the 1950s and 1960s:
the California State Fair relocated to its current location at Cal Expo on Exposition Boulevard, streetcar service ended, many of the blue-collar jobs previously in t he area disappeared, racial tensions began to grow, and while many of the original businesses in Oak Park closed, they were frequently replaced by Black-owned businesses, churches , and social organizations.

Minimal Traditional

The Minimal Traditional arch itectural style rose to pr ominence after 1935 amid the Great Depression . These homes are simple in design, small in stature, usually clad in one material, and easier to build in comparison to some of the more detailed and grand architectural styles. Therefor e, Minimal Traditionals could be buil t using the F ederal Housing Administration-insured loans (FHA) that began during the Great Depression . Created in 19 34, t he FHA sought ways to produce small homes that the average working Ame rican could afford. With architects increasingly desperate for work throughout the 1930s, many worked alongside the FHA to design a small yet efficient house that qualified for the FHA loan insurance. Minimal Traditional buildings generally have restrained detailing, hipped or gabled roofs with subtle eaves, and an off-centered doorway. Built in 1955 and owned by Anthony Francis until 1969 , the proper ty at 4991 Warwick Avenue resembles the characteristics of the Minimal Traditional architectural style and f ollows post-war residential development trends.

Anthony Francis

Anthony Francis was born on February 14th, 1927, in New Orleans, Louisiana. After g rowing up in an impoverished and segregated section of New Orleans, Francis moved to Vallejo, California, where he first worked for the Office of Price Administration, an agency within the Office for Emergency Management that was established during World War II, and then the State of California’s Department of Employment. In 1947, he relocated to Oak Park and began working at McClellan Air Force Base in Nort h Highlands while he waited for a job appointment with the state. Francis worked various jobs for the Department of Education bef ore being drafted by the Army and fought in Europe during WWII. Following his discharge from the Army, Francis returned to his clerk position at the State Department of Employment . In 1954 he began attending Sacramento State College (California State University, Sacramento) while continuing to work. Francis graduated in 1957 with a bachelor’s degree in social science. He later earned a master’s degree in public administration from the University of Southern California.

*Recorded by Ella Cross *Date May 2023  Continuation  Update

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Figure 2: Anthony Francis in the French Club at Sacramento State Colleg e circa 1957. Source: Sacramento Bee.

Francis and his wife, Noella, purchased the home at 4991 Warwick Avenue in 1959 and lived there until 1969; it was during this period that Francis began his professional career. His first job after graduating from Sac State was as a social worker for Sacramento County’s Welfare Department. He then transferred to the county’s probation department where he worked as a probation o fficer. Afte r these two county positions, Francis found work at California’s Department of Correc tions and Rehabilitation as a parole agent but transferred to the California State Personnel Board. Finally, Francis took a job at the California Department of Justice working in the attorney general’s office.

During the 1960s, Francis served as a founding member and first president of the Oak Park Neighborhood Council. Francis described the Council as “an aggressive organization for improvement of life ” in community. The Council’s office under Francis also housed a lending library and a museum which highlighted the contributions of Black Americans to inspire pride and to spur achievement in local community members. It seems that this museum was unique in Sacramento for its focus on Black American achievement. The goal of the Council was to teach the community how to effectively organize so that they could then challenge city and local leaders to commit to equitable treatment of African Americans. Fr ancis served as president of the council until 1969. Francis also volunteered for the Catholic Social Services serving as a liaison between the African American community, the Catholic churches in Oak Park, and the larger Sacramento region. Additionally, Francis was appointed to the Sacramento County Commission on Ageing where he was the first African American to serve. In this role, Fr ancis encouraged diversity and provided outreach to other agencies.

On October 31, 1969, Anthony and Noella Francis granted the deed to 4991 Warwick Avenue to Neola Thomas. Neola worked as a nurse and owned the house until her death in 2009. Afterwards, the Estate of Neola Thomas (Neola Thomas Tyson) granted the property to De nise A. Thomas, who sold the property to the current ow ner in 2012.

*Recorded by Ella Cross *Date May 2023  Continuation  Update

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Evaluation

Under Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources, Criterion I, the property at 4991 Warwick Avenue does not have important associations with significant events in local, state, or national history. The residence was built in 1955 during a period of general growth in Sacramento and the Oak Park neighborhood following the end of World War II. Th e property is a part of a subdivision that was built during the 1950s and follows typical development patterns of this period.

The property is eligible under Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources, Criterion II because it is associated with persons who made demonstrably important contributions to history. Anthony Francis, who owned the home from 1959 to 1969, was the first African American appointed to the Sacramento County Commission on Aging, bringing much needed new perspectives to the Commission and its work. Much of his work focused on providing medical and financial aid to low income, African American senior citi zens in Sacramento’s West End. Following the destruction of the West End, Mr.

Francis’s volunteer work with the Catholic Social Services organization focused on connecting African American senior citizens and young people with social services. Concurrently, in his professional career at the State of California Attorney General’s Office, he worked to promote community safety and civil rights protections. Mr. Francis dedicated his entire adult life to civic service aimed at improving the lives of African Americans in Sacramento , includi ng his time as the first president of the Oak Park Neighborhood Council and Museum. Through his work, both professionally and as a volunteer, Mr. Francis played an important role in community organizing in Sacramento’s Black community.

The building at 4991 Warwick Avenue does not possess distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, and it is not an important work of a mast er architect as outlined under Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources Criteria III, IV or V . Minimal Traditional was a common architectural style during the middle of the twentieth century. The building features many characteristics of the Minimal Traditional style, such as a low-pitched, hipped roof, and restrained traditional details . Additionally, the overall elements are modest and lack high artistic value, and the property does not resemble the work of a master.

The property has not yielded and is not likely to yield information important to hi story or prehistory and therefore does not meet the c riteria required fo r listing under Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources Criterion VI. The building is representative of common construction techniques and bui lding materials.

B12. References (continued):

Burg, William. “A Brief History of Oak Park.” Midtown Monthly , February 1, 2010 . http://www.midtownmonthly.net/life/a -brief- history-of-oak -park/ .

City of Sacramento. “Oak Park His toric District. ” Accesse d Apri l 20, 2023. https://www.cityofs acramento.org/ - /med ia/Corporate/Files/CDD/Planning/Urban-Design/Preservation/Adopted-Historic-District-Plans/Oak-Park-HDP.pdf?la=en .

Datel, Robin. “Central Oak Park Walking Tour.” Department of Geography , CSU Sacrament o. Center for Sacramento History . http://www.centerforsa cramentohistory.org/ -/media/CSHistory/Files/exhibits/tours/ Central --Oak-Park-Walking-Tour- Brochure.pdf?la=en .

Federal Housing Administration. “Principles of Planning Small Houses,” Washington D.C. 1940, University of Michigan. Accessed May 6, 2023. https: //babel.hathitrust.org /cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015037428375&view=1u p&seq=3 Franc is, Anthony . Interview by X Pasha . 31 December 2021. CSUS Oral History Project, CSU Sacramento . https://www.cityofsacramento.org /-/media/Corporate/Files/CDD/Planning /AAHF/CSUS-Oral-History- Transcripts_with_ TOC.pdf?la=en .

*Recorded by Ella Cross *Date May 2023  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AN D RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ____________________________________________

Hubert, Cynthia. “Legacy and Wisdom of Anthony Francis, 95, Carry on 66 Years After he Graduated from Sac State .” CSU Sacramento , Newsroom. https://www.csus.edu/n ews/newsroom/stories/2022/6/nonagenar ian-blb.html.

Lions, Diana. “European Tour Is Planned By College Unit For This Summer.” Sacramento Bee , March 30, 1957. https://infoweb - newsbank -com.proxy.lib.csus.edu/apps/news/document -
McAlester, Virginia Savage. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Gui de to Identifying and Under standing America's Domestic Architect ure. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 2021.

Michael, Michelle, Adam Smith, and Jennifer Sin. “The Architecture of the Department of Defense: A Military Style Gui de.” Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Progra m. December 2011 .

Page & Turnbull, Damany M. Fisher, Ph.D, City of Sacramento. “Sacramento African American Experience History Project : Historic Context Statement. ” City of Sacra mento. October 28, 2022 .

Sacramento C ounty Assessor Parcel Viewer. 4991 Warwic k Avenue, Sacramento CA, 95820.

Sacramento Cou nty Assessor’s Records for Assessor’s Parcel Numbers 022-0103 -024.

Sacrament o City Directory. R. L. Polk & Co. Publishers, 1982.

Sacramento City Directory . Sacramento Directory Co., 1959 .

U.S. Geological Survey. Sacramento East, California. 7.5-minute quadra ngle 1947.

Photographs (continued):

Photograph 2: 4991 Warwick Avenue, Camera facing northeast, April 13, 2023.

*Recorded by Ella Cross *Date May 2023  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AN D RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ____________________________________________

Photograph 3: 4991 Warwick Avenue, Camera facing southeast, April 13, 2023.

NFS Form 10-900
(Rev. 8-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

REGISTRATION FORM
OMB No. 1024-0010

1. Name of Property
historic name: Dunlap's Dining Room
other name/site number: Dunlap House

2. Location
street & number: 4322 Fourth Avenue
not for publication: NA
city/town: Sacramento vicinity:NA
state: CA county: Sacramento code: 067 zip code: 95817

3. Classification
Ownership of Property: private
Category of Property: building
Number of Resources within Property:

Contributing Noncontributing
_1_ _1_ buildings
____ ____ sites
____ ____ structures
____ ____ objects
_1_ _1_ Total
Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register: _0_
Name of related multiple property listing: NA
USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form Dunlap's Dining Room Page 2

4. State/Federal Agency Certification
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this x nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property x meets ___ does^not meet the National Register Criteria. __ See continuation sheet.

Signature of certifying (o£ticial Date '
California Office of Historic Preservation
State or Federal agency and bureau
In my opinion, the property ___ meets ___ does not meet the National Register criteria. __ See continuation sheet.

SI ^cjrvature~of ""commenting or other official Date
S^tate or FederaTl agency and bureau

5. National Park Service Certification
I, hereby certify that this property is:

Is entered in the National Register /]^\
__ See continuation sheet.
____ determined eligible for the __
National Register
__ See continuation sheet.
__ determined not eligible for the __
National Register
___ removed from the National Register __
_ other (explain): ______________
Z^p'ignature of Keeper Date
f\ of Action

6. Function or Use
Historic: Commerce/Trade: Sub: Restaurant
Domestic Single Dwelling
Current : Domestic Sub: Single Dwelling
USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form Dunlap's Dining Room Page 3

7. Description
Architectural Classification: »
Colonial Revival
Other Description:

Materials: foundation: Brick roof: Asphalt
walls: Weatherboard other
Describe present and historic physical appearance. _X_ See continuation sheet.

8. Statement of Significance
Certifying official has considered the significance of this property in relation to other properties: locally__________.

Applicable National Register Criteria: A, B
Criteria Considerations (Exceptions) : NA_________
Areas of Significance: Ethnic Heritage: Black
Social History
Period(s) of Significance: 1917-1942
Significant Dates : ___ ___
Significant Person(s): Dunlap, George T
Cultural Affiliation:

Architect/Builder: unknown
State significance of property, and justify criteria, criteria considerations, and areas and periods of significance noted above X See continuation sheet.

USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form Dunlap's Dining Room Page 4

9. Major Bibliographical References
X__ See continuation sheet. *
Previous documentation on file (NPS):
__ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested.
previously listed in the National Register
J previously determined eligible by the National Register designated a National Historic Landmark
recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # ________ " recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # _______ Primary Location of Additional Data:

State historic preservation office
~ Other state agency
Federal agency
~ Local government
University
_2 Other — Specify Repository: ___________________________

10. Geographical Data
Acreage of Property: Less than one acre
UTM References: Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing A 10 634630 4267530 B
C __ ______ _______ D
See continuation sheet.

Verbal Boundary Description: __ See continuation sheet.

Assessor's Parcel Number 014-0162-003-0000, Sacramento County Boundary Justification: __ See continuation sheet.

This is the land historically associated with the property.

11. Form Prepared By
Name/Title: Raymond J. Pitts, with SHPO assistance
Organization: Date:November 20, 1991
Street & Number:1136 Westlynn Way Telephone: (916) 422-9933_ City or Town: Sacramento State:CA ZIP: 95831
NFS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
(86-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES »

CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 7 Dunlap's Dining Room Page 5
Dunlap's Dining Room is a one-story Colonial Revival house with two- story rear addition. Constructed in 1907, it sits on a residential lot in the Oak Park section of Sacramento. Although added to over the years, the building retains a high degree of integrity since all of the additions were made during the period of significance. Various mature shrubs and trees, such as palms and redwoods, remain at the rear of the house. The nicely landscaped grounds provided a place for restaurant guests to wait in comfort before being seated in the dining room.

The building is rectangular in plan, with hipped roofs over both the main section and rear addition. Siding is weatherboard, with narrow boards covering the original portion of the house. Elsewhere there are various sections of wide and narrow boards. The main elevation features a porch, supported by classical columns, running across the entire width of the building. A hipped roof dormer and Chicago window are the other notable features of the facade. The windows on this elevation are not the originals, but were added when the house was enlarged in the 1920s.

The original windows were smaller and did not admit as much light into the dining room area.

To accommodate George Dunlap's growing family and business, a major ad­ dition to the rear was made in the 1920s. This section was two stories in height, with the second story providing living space for the family after the dining room opened in 1930.

Interior features remaining include hardwood floors, decorative classi­ cal columns in the dining room area, French doors and a metal lamp with cupid motif on the balustrade.

At the rear of the property is a garage and storage building built in 1907 but altered severely in more recent years. This building is con­ sidered to be a non-contributing element.

NFS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
(86-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES *

CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 8 Dunlap's Dining Room Page 6
Dunlap's Dining Room is significant for its association with a pioneer Sacramento African-American family whose principal member, George T.

Dunlap, made a distinct contribution to local and regional history as a successful entrepeneur in the food service industry. In addition, for 38 years the building was the home of a restaurant that was "the place" to eat for Sacramento area families, social clubs, business organiza­ tions, religious groups and prominent individuals seeking a place to dine and socialize in a unique atmosphere. For many older Sacramentans and Northern Californians the building stands as an icon of pleasure in their memories of delightful evenings in Sacramento. Dunlap patrons, generally middle-class whites, local and state government officials and professionals, recall vividly dining at Dunlap's with distinct pleasure.

George T. Dunlap's story is one of romance, determination and ac­ complishment. Born in Sacramento in February, 1884, George related often how he worked at odd jobs during "tough times to help make ends meet for the family...." By the turn of the century this young employee of the Southern Pacific Railway had worked his way up to the position of "chef" on private cars used by SP Area superintendents. On one of his many trips to Oakland he met and fell in love with Annie Louise Butler. At some point he told his mother, "I am going to build a house and bring my bride here to live." In 1906, he purchased lot #4501 of Goethe Subdivision K in Oak Park. In 1907 he built a four-room cottage; his was one of the first African-American families to build in Oak Park.

George and Annie Louise were married in Oakland that same year and began life in Sacramento as a family.

The first child, Audrey, was born in 1908 and a second daughter, Doris, in 1912. Two of Annie Louise's nieces came from Oakland to live with the Dunlaps during World War I. By 1920, two daughters and two nieces lived at the house on Fourth Avenue with the Dunlap couple. Additions were made to the house to accommodate a family of growing young ladies.

The evolution of the residence from the four-room one level structure to the eight-room two level structure was accomplished within twenty years after the original construction. This was home for the George Dunlap family. And, except for minor interior changes, the expanded California bungalow stands today exactly as it was in 1930, when by his decision and Annie Louise's design, it was open to the public.

As his family grew, the career of George as a food service entrepeneur developed and expanded as well. Serving as chef for Southern Pacific superintendents, he learned fast, performed well, made many contacts and, seemingly, impressed his employers. When the superintendents' cars were not running, George worked as a red cap. One superintendent and friend, Mr. J.D. Brennan, seeing his industry and competence, said to him, "George, you ought to get out of just being a chef and move out on your own. You've been in this long enough."
NFS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
(86-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
Section number 8 Dunlap's Dining Room Page 7
Taking this as a challenge and as timely advice, records show that he began a private catering venture and operated restaurants in downtown Sacramento; one at 621 J Street and another, the Capitol Hotel Restaurant. Mrs. Dunlap worked in the latter along with George and helped with catering out of their home.

Going back to his first love, George began contracting with railways for delivery of food service. He obtained a contract to manage food service for the Sacramento Northern Railway on its run from San Francisco to Chico. His first contract for the food service concession at the California State Fair began in 1917 and his service there was operated for 41 years. Dunlap contracted to operate a restaurant and snack bar on the ferry boat Ramon for the San Francisco-Sacramento Railway. This contract was for five years beginning September 1, 1925, but was ter­ minated two years early. In 1927, when the Sacramento Northern was taken over by the Western Pacific, his food sercice contract was in jeopardy. Sensing this as an opportunity, and with a suggestion from wife Annie Louise, the idea of a family business at home was born.

Early in their marriage, Mrs. Dunlap had traveled the SP routes with George into some of the southern states. During one such visit she was shown several "tea rooms" in the area and was quite impressed. The idea of inviting guests into one's home for a special dinner, and for pay, appealed to her; and she dreamed of doing this at her home some day with her family as hosts. The opportunity came with the career crisis of husband George. On March 29, 1930, the most successful of the Dunlap ventures was launched. Dunlap's Dining Room opened its doors that year.

For the next 38 years, friends, associates and a well deserved group of patrons from Dunlap's long standing food service ventures, enjoyed lunches, dinners and special occasion meals with the Dunlap family as hosts.

By the time George Dunlap reached his late 60s, he received a number of awards and honors in recognition of his long, successful career. In 1949 he received a coveted award for "Outstanding Performance, Food Service" at the California State Fair. In 1952 he was appointed to the.

California State Agricultural Society. His membership included serving as advisor in the development of food service displays and operations as a representative of the Society. Upon retirement from participation in the California State Fair and Exposition, 1958, Dunlap was given an award for 41 years of successful food service at this statewide event.

He and Audrey were special guests at the dedication and opening of the California State Railroad Museum, at various affairs honoring African- Americans for contributions to the civic and social life in Sacramento, and were special guests at an affair honoring Black judges.

NFS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
(86-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES *

CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 8 Dunlap's Dining Room Page 8
By far, Dunlap's most cherished and rewarding life experience was the family-owned and family-operated jewel, Dunlap's Dining Room. The en­ tire first floor of the pink colored residence at 4322 Fourth Avenue was the site of a well organized and smoothly operated business. More precisely, it reflected an unusual type of cultural cooperation on the part of Dunlap family members to be shared with fellow Sacramentans.

Demanding conditions of the Depression thirties and changes of the WWII years gave the family a type of survival strength and a sense of pride in sharing their home while operating a family business for the public.

This survival strength and sense of pride was a common social charac­ teristic of African-American Sacramentans during this period. Their small numbers (1,485 persons out of a county-wide population of 141,999 in 1930) made them virtually invisible as a social and economic entity in the growth and development of the city and county. This did not, however, stifle the drive among many to strike out and succeed in the business arena. Realizing that the white majority was a market of necessity for survival, many local African-American businesspeople geared their product toward the satisfaction of that community.

In businesses that relied on high customer visibility, Blacks in many cases were welcome, but only if they did not affect the number of white customers who patronized the establishment. Many Black businesspersons operated on this level due to the incredible odds against surviving in a depressed economy with an extremely small African-American population.

This policy would change only after the arrival of thousands of new Black emigrants to Sacramento during the Second World War. The tradi­ tional customer base of Dunlap's Dining room would remain much the same despite these changes however.

Most diners had reservations as they walked up the six front porch steps and through the front door. They had been assured an entree from one of the three Dunlap classics: chicken, fried or smothered; baked ham; or T-bone steak. On entering they were met and seated by gracious daughter, Audrey. After being seated at one of the linen covered tables, one of the "Dunlap Girls" appeared to begin the specially learned treatment for patrons. Many diners' personal recollections recount a waitress's eye-catching way of filling the water glasses, tea served in fine China cups, the special soup — now known as "soup of the day" — for which there was no recipe, and the ease and grace with which these waitresses made each evening a special occasion.

Goerge Dunlap had imaginative arrangements for food on main course plates. A dinner served was admired both for its attractiveness and for its taste. The dinner finished, one of Annie Louise's creative delights took over for dessert. Bavarian creme, lemon ice-box cake and angel NFS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
(86-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES *

CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 8 Dunlap's Dining Room Page 9
food supreme still linger long in the memory and taste buds of most Dunlap dining patrons.

And who were these patrons? George Dunlap was a native Sacramentan.

Through local boyhood enterprises he earned money at many odd jobs and made business friends. Jobs with the fast growing Southern Pacific Railway broadened both his vision of entrepeneurship as well as patron contacts. Patrons from his earlier business ventures migrated to the Dining Room. First by formal invitation, then by word of mouth based on its growing popularity, and finally by selective business advertising the patron list grew. Several hundred Sacramento area residents as well as visitors to Sacramento dined with the Dunlaps during the period of a year.

Available records found in the Dunlap home comprise a unique collection of documents and memorabilia that are significant for genealogical studies, for a case study in business operations in the Sacramento area and for research in some aspects of local African-American history.

Handwritten reservation books, carefully indexed with notes, cover 38 years of Sacramento's patronage with Dunlap's. These list individuals, families and organized groups by name, date and service received with occasional business and personal notes. This is Audrey Dunlap's principal contribution to one area of Sacramento's written local his­ tory. She likes to state that, "Earl Warren and his family ate their first meal here as a family when he became Governor of California." She can name others, locally and nationally known.

Today, Audrey Dunlap Wilcox, lone direct survivor of George T. Dunlap, is the primary resource and narrator for an oral history project on the subject of Dunlap's Dining Room. This project is on-going and supplies eye-witnessed factual information as well as key informational leads for use in the broader study of the Dunlap Family and its history.

The restaurant continued to function as an important eating estab­ lishment in Sacramento into the 1960s. However, because significance has not been shown to be exceptional, the period of significance has arbitrarily been ended at 1942, fifty years ago.

NFS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
(86-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES f

CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 9 Dunlap's Dining Room Page 10
Bibliography
Arranged chronologically in terms of Dunlap's involvement with the property which became known as
Dunlap's Dining Room.

1. _Re,e.q_JiQoK. gf tlie SacrajiejitQ^C^jLmty R.eQor,der_^ p 363.

Scicramento, California. 1906.

Purchase of lot #4501 by George T. Dunlap. .
2 . Assessment Book <?f Property of Sacramento City (Annexed Territory for the Year 1912) , page 1075.

Property assessment for, George T. Dunlap. City of Sacramento. 3 . HAP BOOK, CITY OF SACRAMENTO,. 1914 - 1915. A - K,. Goethe Subdivision, Addition K, p 3.

Lot H 4501 shown as located on Cypress Street.

4. City. Qf Sacramento Building Permits, 1905 -1919. page 438.

No building permits found for the homes built in Oak Park prior to 1912 the year the area was annexed to the city.

September 18, 1917. 1-story frame shed. (Rear Structure?)

5. Map Book, City of Sacramento, 1920 ..- 1921. Goethe Subdivision K, ptige 96.
^ Street name change; Cypress Street changed to Fourth Ave.

City Records of Plumbers Certificates, 192.1 - 1925. page 148.

July 9, 1924. Bath-room construction.

Assessment Book; City of Sacramentc-, 1930 - 31. page , Property assessment at 4322 Fourth Avenue.

PJLary ..of a Dining Room. Unpublished Manuscript. Ray Pitts 1990.

Notes and documents researched include significant informa­ tion. A formal invitation announced the opening of "...an NFS Form 10-900-a 0MB Approval No. 1024-0018
(86-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES •

CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 9 Dunlap's Dining Room Page 11
exclusive Dining Room" by Mrs. George Dunlap, March 29, 1930 at her home, 4322 Fourth Avenue, "....where Southern Dinners will be served ...Reservations Preferred".
9 Sacramento Bee, (Exact da^te pot known.) Approximate date, February, 1931.

A note on the upcoming, "....first anniversary of the opening of his Southern Dinner establishment...." and a brief review of the career of George T. Dunlap.

10. ReservatiQn Books and Ledgers, Dunlap* s Dining Room, Audrey Wilcox Dunlap. 1931 - 1968. Volumes for 1934 - 1947 not yet located.

Entries and notes by Mrs. Audrey Dunlap Wilcox, receptionist, manager and official Dunlap's hostess for the 38 year operation of the establishment.

Lists all reservations by persons, number in party, type of party, menu served, special requests and notes by Audrey. Many personal and family notes are included..

11. £QlQ£QrjlijaJ-JI&^ Vol 1, (4). 1948 (?)
"Dunlap's Dining Room Serves Exclusive Cliental In Sacramento".

Description and staff photos of interior of Dunlap's with notes on the State Fair food service operations of George T. Dunlap. 1 2 . Adventure.!^ .in_G..orQd Eating, A Duncan Hines Book, Good Eating PIlLaej^Jjmgi^^ (Vol. date & page being
determined. Approximate date 195-.)
This references was cited by five narrators in oral interviews as praising "....ambiance, food and service as both excellent and unique.". A search is underway to locate the exact date for this reference.

13. California Death Index. July 1 1905 - 1988. p ___ . . March 1 _ , 1969. p __ .

The oft-mentioned Dunlap's Bavarian Creme, lemon ice-box cake, Angel Food Supreme and all salads were the creation of Annie Louise Butler Dunlap. When she became ill in 1968, the Dining Room closed. One year later, 1969, Mrs. Dunlap, wife, mother and creator of these well remeunbered delights died.

14. SACXamejltCLJ QJbS£ry.er«. ., "Special Edition, A Long Look.", Nov. 1973. p LL-72.

NFS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
(06-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES *

CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 9 Dunlap's Dining Room Page 12
"Success Was No Stranger". Notes, quotes and photos from an interview with Goerge T. Dunlap by Observer Special Edition writers citing progress of many Black Sacramentans.

15. Sacramento Observer. February 15 - 21, 1979. p A-3. "Distinguished Guest". At a special dinner honoring two Black Judges, both of Sacramento, Mr. Dunlap was cited for his special cotribution in the food service bus-iness.

16. Sun Reporter. San Francisco, February 16, 1974. p 6. "90 Years Young" by Thomas C. Fleming.

Thomas Fleming, now Editor of the San Francisco Sun Reporter, was a longtime friend and co-worker with George T. Dunlap .

The front-page picture and half-page story cites Mr. Dunlap's 90th birthday. (Some in-accuracies are noted in this article)

17. Sacramento Bee. December 29, 1979. p CL 8.
"Southern hospitality dished up at Dunlap's." by Claudia Buck.

Full page article with photos base on an exclusive interview with Mr. Dunlap. Biographical notes, photos and comments on the Dining Room by daughter Audrey.

18. Sacramento Bee. March 5, 1980. p __.

Obituary: George T. Dunlap. A brief review of Mr. Dunlap's Career.

The residence at 4322 Fourth Avenue was home for George Dunlap for the 12 years after his wife's death. Mrs. Audrey Dunlap Wilcox, lone surviving daughter and present owner, has been caretaker and preserver of the property for the past 11 years.

19. CQm^Jfc.Q,gkis: The .Sacramento. Ex,e.cjutly^_JjQjitJily_a. Vol. 3 (1).

January, 1991. pp 61-62.

Reminiscences of a client's childhood visits to the Dining Room with photo of Audrey and notes on the Dunlap food, ser­ vice, and ambiance for which it was became famous.

20. senior Spectrum^ Vol 19 (13), March 27 1991.
"Stan's Sacramento", Stan Gilliam.

Stan's recollection about Dunlap's and an appeal to for­ mer Dunlap clients for recollection through oral interviews.

NFS Form 10-900-a 0MB Approval No. 1024-0018
(86-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES *

CONTINUATION SHEET
Dunlap's Dining Room Page 13
Photo Log
All photos except historic photos taken by Ray Pitts, 1136 Westlynn Way, Sacramento, CA 95831. All negatives are in the possession of Mr. Pitts at his home address. All photos (except historic) taken in 1990-91.

Photo 1: View from north
Photo 2: View from east
Photo 3: View from north, rear storage building
Photo 4: Circa 1909, view from north
Photo 5: Circa 1945, view from north
Photo 6: Circa 1950, inside view facing east
Photo 7: Circa 1948, inside view facing west. Copy from Colofornia: The California Magazine, vol. 1, (4), 1948.

*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter “none.”) None *Attachments:  None  Location Map  Sketch Map  Continuation Sheet  Building, Structure, and Object Record  Archaeological Record  District Record  Linear Feature Record  Milling Station Record  Rock Art Record  Artifact Record  Photograph Record Other (list)
DPR 523A (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RE CREATION HRI # ________________________________________ PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial _____________________________________ NRHP Status Code
Other Listings _______________________________________________________________ Review Code __________ Reviewer ____________________________ Date ___________

P1. Other Identifier: 4214-4216 Lotus Avenue
*P2. Location:  Not for Publication  Unrestricted *a. County Sacramento and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5’ Quad Sacramento East Date 2021 T___; R ___; ___ ¼ of Sec ___; _____ B.M. c. Address 4214-4216 Lotus Avenue City Sacramento Zip 95838 e. Other Locational Data:

Assessor Parcel Number: 01800310020000
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) The property is l ocated in Sutterville Heights, a district in the South Land Park neighborhood of Sacramento, California. The 0.34 -acrea parcel includes a single -family residence at the front (4216), built in 1937 , and an eight-unit multi-family apartment building at the rear (4214), buil t in 1960. The residence first appears in the Sacramento Bee as a real estate listing in 1947 which notes that the home was 10 years old . UCSB Framefinder’s aerial photographs confir m the appearance of the home and parcel boundaries in 1938. (See Continuat ion Sheet.)

*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2(4216) and HP3(4214) *P4. Resources Present:  Building  Structure  Object  Site  District  Element of District  Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date,
accession #) Photo#1. Front view
4/25/202 3
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:
 Historic  Prehistoric  Both
Circa 1937/ Sacramento Bee
*P7. Owner and Address:

Canson Family Revocable Trust
2701 Del Paso Road Suite 130-308
Sacramento, CA 9583 5

*P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation,
address )
Ella Cross, CSUS Sacramento.

Alyssa Marie Garcia
6000 J Street
Sacramento, C A 95819

*P9. Date Recorded: 4/28/2023
*P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive
P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.)

(See Continuation Sh eet)

*Resource Name or # (Assigned b y recorder) The Canson House DPR 523B (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RE CREATION HRI # ________________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
B1. Historic Name: The Canson House
B2. Common Name: The Canson House
B3. Original Use: Residential B4. Present Use: Residential *B5. Architectural Style: Colonial Revival
*B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alteration, and date of alterations) • Circa 193 7- Original construction
• 1960- construction of a laundry room and garage to the nor th side of main house (4216) • 1960 - construction of the multi -family apa rtment building in the back of the propert y (4214) • 1972- reroof to main house (4216)

*B7. Moved?  No  Yes  Unknown Date: N/A Original Location: N/A *B8. Related Features: Apartment Building
B9. Architect: unknown b. Builder: unknown
*B10. Significance: Theme Ethnic Heritage Area Sacramento Period of Significance 1954 -1988 Property Type Residential Applicable Criteria: B (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity .) The property at 4214 -4216 Lotus Aven ue is eligible for in clusion in the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources under Criterion II, association with persons significant in the city’s past. The house was the home of Clarence and Vir na Mae Canson from 1 954 until their deaths in 1993 and 2003 respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Canson wer e both graduates of the prestigious Tuskegee Institute in Alabama . Mr. Canson, following in the footste ps of his father and uncle who were professional tail ors, majored in ta iloring, while Mrs. Canson , whose parents were both schoolteachers, majored in home economics . Clarence Canson served in WWII as a tailoring expert and after h is discharge, t he Cansons settled in Sacramento , where Mr. Can son’s family lived, in 1940 .

During the period of significance which is from 1954 until 2003, this was the family home of Clarence and Virna Mae Canson. The Cansons owned this property while advocating for equitable housing and employment for Black Americans in California . They also provided housing to the community with no restrictions based on race through the apartment building that they constructed in the ir backyard .

Virna Canson and Clarence Canson each spent their professional careers advocating for legislative change concerning de fact o segregation in California and made significant contributions through their work to render housing discrimination illegal. (See Continuat ion Sheet.)

B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes)

*B12. References:

See Continuation Sheet

B13. Remarks:

*B14. Evaluator: Alyssa Garcia and Ella Cross

*Date of Evaluation: 5/14/2023

(This space rese rved for official comments.)

*Recorded by Ella Cross and Alyssa Marie Garcia *Date 4/28/2023  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PA RKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ____________________________________________

P3a. Description (continued):
4216 Lotus Avenu e (Main Residence)
The Canson House is a three-bedroom, two-bathroom, 1900-square-foot single-family home (Photograph 1). It is a two-story eclectic Colonial Revival style home with a concrete slab foundation and wood framed constr uction.

The lower level of the home is clad in running bo nd red brick with decorative , vertical brick headers and sills , while the second floor is finished in smooth stucco o ver wood. Fron the sidewalk, a cement slab walkway leads to four cement stairs and the covered front porch. Inside the porch, a large, wood framed square fixed pane window is flanked by two smaller rectangular 1 over 1 sash windows. The front door to the home is located to the left side of the por ch a nd is set back into it, providing privacy from the street. Immediately to the left of the por ch is a small octagonal fixed pane glass window in a wooden frame with a geometric pattern in clear glass and lead mullions. To the left of the porch is another large, wood framed, square fixed pane window flanked by two smaller rectangular 1 over 1 sash windows. To the right of the porch is a pair of 1 over 1 wooden sash windows.

The attached garage is to the far right and is set back significan tly from the front of the house and is clad in the same brick as the rest of the ground floor (Photograph 2) . The second floor is a split level, with three sets of 1 over 1 wooden sash windows across the street elevation. The roof of the residence is comple x. The main roof line is medium pitch ed, gable-and-wing clad in composite shingles with a front-gable roof elemen t which shelters the main entry to the home. The back of the house features a centered gable on faux pediment-like gable. It contains a slight eave overhang, no visible sof fits, and modest cornices. The house has two original brick chimneys, one on the south end and the other recessed into the north side of the second story. Both have corbeled chimney caps. The sides and back of the house contain rectangular and square -shaped, wooden fr amed s ash windows of varying sizes, all of which appear original. To the left of the house from the street elevation, a 6-foot-tall wooden fence enclose s the south side yard and the back yard to the southwest. Inside the yard is a circular cobblestone -like firepit that is noticeably aged.

4214 Lotus Ave nue (Apart ment Buildin g)
Built in 1960, the second unit on the property is an L-shaped, two-story, eight unit apartment house. (Photograph 3). The apartment building is an example of the New Traditional Prairie style because of its strong Pr airie features, which include the flat roof and large overhang. The roof cornices are prominent, as wel l as the exposed rafters, that are character defining features of this low -rise apartment. The first story is comprised of four units with four doors, four metal securi ty doors, and four sliding two -paned windows. Under the windows air - conditioning compone nts can be found built into the walls. Two staircases lead up to the second story and are positioned at the north and south sides on the front façade inside of the L-shape; two downspouts flank the inside of the staircases. There is also a wooden masonry w all that runs the length between the staircases. The second story also features the same design configuration as the first story, except that it is missing the four met al security doors. The front façade of the apartment complex is located on the east side and is clad in vertical shiplap clapboard. The side and back facades are clad in stucco, much like the main property. Unlike the main house, this unit is not on a lift ed foundation and compl etely ground level .

B10. Significance (cont inued):

Historic Context
The propert y a t 4216 Lotus Avenue is located in Sutterville Heigh ts, a region of southern Land Park near the Sacramento Zoo, Fairytale Town, and Funderland. Though before the Gold Rush, Sacramento was populated with Nisenan In dians. They seasonally li ved between the American and Sacramento rivers. Once the news of gold

*Recorded by Ella Cross and Alyssa Marie Garcia *Date 4/28/2023  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PA RKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ____________________________________________

struck, a massive wave of settlement reached the Sacramento region. Business enterprises and agriculture boomed while the people who settled changed the landscap e to suit a growing metropolis. Sacramento developed in to a multicultural town whose wealth grew with capitalism. In the late 18 00’s until the early twentieth-century, Sacramento fe ll victim to violent floods and fires that wrecked many of the housing and business areas. Primarily in response to the flooding in Sacramento many of the house s, as well as the city, were lifted off the ground, including the main residence , which is built on a lifted masonry foundation. Although the hi gh foundation is purely stylistic in this sense, as Sutterville’s flood -proof neighborhoods do not call for this function.

Originally bequeathed to John Sutter via the Mexican Lan d Grant, Land Park is three miles south of downtown Sacramento and is characterized by its high plains. The earliest landmark for this area, the City Cemetery, can be found on the official city map of 1854 . Early industrialization and suburbanization included farms, bungalow subdivisions, reviv alist homes, and transp ortation to downtown Sacramento vi a streetcar, including the main house on the property . The house at 4216 Lotus Avenue was one of the first on its street and claimed to have been built for ten years by a newspaper article in the Sacramento Bee’s archives from 1947. UCSB Framefinder’s aerial photographs confirm the appe arance of a visibly co nstructed lot and parcel boundaries in 1938. Though the Sutterville Heights area was the original starting place for Sacramento City, it was not annexed until 1952, with an estimated population of 10,168 at the ti me of annexa tion (Figure 1). The visual features on the house remain obscured by surrounding foliage and the low -quality blurriness of the photograph.

Revival Houses were the dominant style houses in the early twentieth century, as many people had nostalgia for the romantic views of the past. However, this property is of eclectic construct ion that closely resembles a two- story Colonial Revival with elements of a Minimal Traditional. Colonial Revivals persisted in popularity through WWII, though most of them became simpler in their style, as the main house on the proper ty shows. The brick veneer was a popular cho ice during the time of constructio n, as well as stucco. Both materials were com monly used for economic reasons; they were cheap and easily accessible. The first person to own the house is Rowland Maynard, who continued ownership until it was purchased by the Cansons in 1954. Though research did not find more information on him. Concurrently, Brown v. Board of Education ruled in favor of “separate but equal. ” Segregation was codified into law for children in public schools , and though it did not specifically contribut e to Jim Crow segregation in housing, it did fuel the existence of racial covenants nationwide. This notoriously made it difficult for no nwhite Americans to find appropriate housing or to live near their white counterparts , especially in the homogeneous neighborhoods of Sacramento .

*Recorded by Ella Cross and Alyssa Marie Garcia *Date 4/28/2023  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PA RKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ____________________________________________

Figure 1: 2035 General Plan Land Use & Urban Form Designation s for the La nd Park Community Plan Area, taken from the Land Park Community Pl an.

Clarence and Virna Canson
Born on June 10, 1921, in Bridgeport, Oklahoma, Virna Canson was the daughter of educators, William Augustus Dobson and Eu la Mae Gross Dobson (Figure 2). Her father was mayor of Bridgeport, a largely African American small town. She attended college at the Tuskegee Institute of Alabama as a home economics major. When she was a sophomore, she met an upper classman who would be her future husband Clarence Canson , a tailoring major from Sacramento . Clarence graduat ed from Tuskegee Institute and shortly afterwards they were married on August 7, 1940. Virna left Tuskegee as a sophomore in 1940 and the young cou ple moved to Sacramento . Their first child, Clarence Canson Jr. was born in Sacramento in 1941. Their second child, Fa ythe Canson was born in 1952.

Clarence and Virna Canson met Nathaniel Colley while at the Tuskegee Institute, where he studied Chemistry with Geor ge Washington Carver. Another friend at the Tuskegee Institute was Jerlean Jackson, the future Mrs.

Colley who was a n early childhood development major . Jerlean was a childhood fri end of Clarence Canson ’s from Sacramento . The Canson s and the Colley s remained close throughout their lives. Clarence found wo rk in

*Recorded by Ella Cross and Alyssa Marie Garcia *Date 4/28/2023  Continuation  Update

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1941 at McClellan Field where he wa s a civilian employee d oing low paid, unskilled labor, despite his college education. After several years of trying to find higher paying work Clarence Canson decided to attend law school at McGeorge (now UOP) and was the first Black graduate of the school. He then founded his own practice , becomin g one of the very first Black lawyers in Sacramento. At this time in Sacramento there were very few career opportunit ies for Black professionals. In her oral history interview, Virna Canson mentions that the State of California employed a few Black janitors and garage workers and one Black woman secretary, which was seen as somewhat scandalous.

The Cansons were active in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). In 1954 Virna Canson accepted the positio n of treasurer and manager for the NAACP Credit Union at 21 st and X, in a commercial building owned by Clarence Canson’s family and o nce home to their tailor shop. This building also housed Clarence C anson ’s law office and the office of the Sacramento O utlook, which later b ecame the Sacramento Observer, Sacramento ’s first Black owned newspape r.

In addition to her work as the treasurer and manager of the NAACP Credit Union, Virna Canson was appointed to the California Committee for Fair Practices. In her work she was an advocate for the passing of legislation to protect Black Ameri cans and for the equal treatment o f oppressed groups. She earned the nickname “Mrs.

NAACP,” and was a leading figure of the NAACP locally, as well as nationally, in such cases as Ming v. Horgan and NAACP v. City and County of Sacram ento. Her grassroots acti vism was integral to the Black freedom struggle for equal rights in California. Virna Canson was an indefatigable leader and advocate for equality.

Through her work Virna Canson addressed consumer and economic rights, racism and housing discrimination. In 1960, the Cansons built an 8-unit apartment building in their back yard. The apartment building was repeatedly advertised in the Sacra mento Bee with the title “No Housing Restr ictions”.

After a long history of political crusading , she was appointed as direc tor of the NAACP West Coast of fice succeeding Leonard H. Carter. Her work an d succe ss in cultivating a robust Black community reverberated throughout the state , as Ca lifornia w as the first to pass legislature regarding civil rights directly owing to her involvement . Virna Canson’s commitment to civil rights crystallized into history with the Sacramento Observer, a celebrated Sacramento -based newspaper for Black Americans, naming her T op 100 in Sacramento ’s Most Influential Blacks in February of 1984, four years before her retirement. Sacramento Observer archives show her listed as number 8 out of 100, a list that included both men and women. In April of 2003, she passed peacefully in her home. Friends and family gathered for her Goin g Home Service at Faith U nited Church of Christ with Reverend William R. Schroeder officiating her memorial.

*Recorded by Ella Cross and Alyssa Marie Garcia *Date 4/28/2023  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PA RKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ____________________________________________

Figure 2: Virna Mae Dobson Canso n. Photograph at the archives in the African American Museum and Library at Oakland , California , Virna Canson Papers MS 29.

Evaluation
The prop erty does not appear to be eligible for in clusion on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources under Criteria I, III, IV, V or VI .

It is recommended that this property be listed as significant and eli gible under C riterion II of the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources for its long association with the Cansons. The Canson House at 4216 Lotus Avenue and the contributing apartment building built by the Cansons at 4214 Lotus are both strongly associated with the activities of Clarence and Virna Canson. The Canson s are an important part of Sacramento ’s history and an essential part of the African American commun ity’s fight for civil rights in California .

B12. References (continued):

Sacramento County Accessor; Sacramento City Directories, 1947-1961; Sacramento African Experience Hist ory Project, Historic Context Public Dr aft; the Virna Canson Paper s; Creating the California Dream: Virna Canson and the Black Fre edom Struggle in the Golden State’s Capital, 1940 -1988 ; Virna Can son’s Obituary; City of Sacramento ’s History o f Annexation Ac tivity; Blackpast.org ; UCSB Framefinder ; Building Permits; Land Park Community Plan ; Cultural Landscape Survey and Evaluation of Will iam Land Park

*Recorded by Ella Cross and Alyssa Marie Garcia *Date 4/28/2023  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PA RKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ____________________________________________

Photographs (continued):

Photograph 1: Angled view of the front façade from the street.

Photograph 1: Angled view of the front façade from the street.

*Recorded by Ella Cross and Alyssa Marie Garcia *Date 4/28/2023  Continuation  Update

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PA RKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ____________________________________________

Photograph 2: North end of the house .

Photograph 3: The apartment complex located west, in the back of the property.

P1. Other Identifier: 4200 Broadway, Sacramento, CA 95817

DPR 523A (9/2013) *Required information
State of California
The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial
NRHP Status Code
Other Listings
Review Code Reviewer Date
*P2. Location:  Not for Publication X Unrestricted *a. County Sacramento and (P2c, P2e, and P2b or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad Sacramento East Date 1967 (rev. 1980) T 8N ; R 5E ;  of  of Sec ; B.M. c. Address 4200 Broadway City Sacramento Zip 95817 d. UTM: (Give more than one for large and/or linear resources) Zone , mE/ mN e. Other Locational Data: APN # 014-0191-046-0000 (main), 014-0191-054-0000 (driveway), 014-0191-005-0000(east end, bordering 43rd street).

*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries)
The original site of Morgan-Jones Funeral home was in the West End at 12th and Q Streets.

Following the destruction of the West End, Grace Morgan-Jones commissioned well-known Sacramento architect James Robert “Bob” McCabe in 1962 to design a new location at 4200 Broadway. The lot runs the entire width of the block between 42nd and 43rd Streets and was assembled from three smaller lots. Facing north, the site includes a complex of connected Contemporary style buildings on the west side of the lot including the large chapel of the chimes, formal entrance vestibule, mortuary, offices, atrium, prep rooms and cold storage rooms. In the center of the parking area to the east side of the lot there is a two-story, front gabled, Contemporary style structure
with an upstairs living area and a downstairs
garage and storage area. All structures are of
post and beam construction on cement slab
foundations. The site has been expanded and
repurposed multiple times since its original
1962 construction, through the 1980s.

Uniquely, the original architect, Bob McCabe,
designed each addition, preserving its
compelling Contemporary style architecture
and providing a cohesive, adaptable design for
his clients, the Morgan-Jones’. (See
Continuation sheet)

*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) *P4. Resources Present: x Building  Structure  Object  Site  District  Element of District  Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: North façade facing
Broadway. Right portion of complex showing
chapel, addition, main entrance and privacy
wall in front of single story building.
5/16/2023
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Source: X Historic 
Prehistoric  Both
Built 1962
*P7. Owner and Address:

Charles M Jones, 4200 Broadway, Sacramento, CA 95817

*P8. Recorded by: Ella Cross, CSUS.
*P9. Date Recorded: 5/16/2023
*P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive
*P11. Report Citation : None
P5a. Photograph or Drawing

P1. Other Identifier: 4200 Broadway, Sacramento, CA 95817

DPR 523A (9/2013) *Required information
State of California
The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial
NRHP Status Code
Other Listings
Review Code Reviewer Date
*Attachments: NONE Location Map X Continuation Sheet X Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record  Other (List):

*Resource Name or # Morgan and Jones Funeral Home *NRHP Status Code

DPR 523B (9/2013) *Required information
State of California
The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
(This space reserved for official comments.)
(Sketch Map with north arrow required.)
B1. Historic Name: Morgan and Jones Funeral Home
B2. Common Name: 4200 Broadway, Sacramento, CA, 95817
B3. Original Use: Funeral Home B4. Present Use: Same *B5. Architectural Style: Contemporary *B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) Built in 1962 and expanded in 1977, 1980, 1989.
*B7. Moved? X No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location:
*B8. Related Features:

B9a. Architect: James Robert “Bob” McCabe b. Builder: Ted Kobata *B10. Significance: Theme Significant persons and architecture Area Oak Park neighborhood Period of Significance 1962-Present Property Type Commercial Applicable Criteria

This property is eligible for listing on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources under Criteria II and IV for its association with Grace Morgan-Jones, a female funeral home owner/operator and noted civic leader in the African American community of Oak Park, and as the work of a master, James Robert “Bob” McCabe, a significant California architect.

Grace Morgan-Jones co-founded Morgan Jones Funeral Home in 1948 with her brother William K.

Morgan. Following the departure of her brother for a distinguished career in law that eventually saw him appointed as the first African American Superior Court Judge in Sacramento, Mrs.

Morgan-Jones operated the business herself for decades. First located at at 12th and Q Streets in Sacramento, in 1962, following the destruction of the West End neighborhood, Mrs.

Morgan-Jones purchased a series of lots on Broadway between 42nd and 43rd streets in Oak Park to build a new, modern, funeral home. She was among the very few women of color who owned and operated funeral homes in California. (See Continuation sheet)

B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) *B12. References: See Continuation Sheet

B13. Remarks:

*B14. Evaluator: Ella Cross *Date of Evaluation: 5/16/2023
age of *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) *Recorded by: *Date
Continuation
Update

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CONTINUATION SHEET
Property Name: Morgan and Jones Funeral Home
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*P3a.Description (continued):

When viewed from the north facing, Broadway elevation, the front gabled, double height chapel of the chimes is on the right, at the corner of Broadway and 42nd street. To the left of the chapel is the main entrance. It links the chapel to a connected complex of flat roofed structures. The flat roofed structures facing Broadway are fronted with a paneled privacy wall. The privacy wall appears to be a replacement of the original which was damaged by a car crash in 2004.

It matches the overall design very well and encloses a private patio planted with seven Japanese maples which alternate between green leafed varieties and red leafed varieties. This privacy wall is made of exterior plywood, with an ivory stucco finish. It is paneled in black metal fencing of vertical rectangles with vertical accents, matching the fence surrounding the property. At the center of the privacy wall, one panel is unique and does not have black metal fencing applied. This panel is also of ivory stucco and bears a large square metal plaque with the Morgan Jones “MJ” logo. The front of the flat roofed structures behind the privacy wall, have deep sheathed roof eaves and are finished in ivory stucco and blue wooden trim at the roofline and window surrounds. The glazing facing Broadway is an almost continuous window wall of large aluminum framed windows and doors. At the far east end of the flat roofed structures, large double doors give way to a porte cochere with a slat roof and exposed beams.

Further to the east side of the lot, a front gabled, two-story Contemporary building sits in the middle of a large and attractively landscaped parking lot. Built in 1980, this structure is surrounded on three sides by clipped evergreen hedges. The building is finished in the same ivory stucco with blue trim as the rest of the complex. The slat roof has three large, exposed beams which are more massive than the 1960s chapel. Viewed from Broadway, the two-story structure has no windows on the ground floor and two small aluminum framed sliding windows upstairs. Each window is set in a vertical band of blue painted stucco bordered by darker blue wooden vertical trim, running from the roof to the ground, like the details seen on the chapel. On the east façade, there are no windows on the ground floor. The second floor has a small aluminum framed sliding window to the right that is set in a vertical band of blue painted stucco bordered by darker blue wooden trim. At the center of the east façade there is a large aluminum sliding glass door with a balcony. The balcony is raised on four slender wooden columns and the railing echoes the narrow rectangle shapes of the fence and privacy walls. The entire balcony is painted dark brown. Beneath the balcony is a gravel patio with a large fountain. The west facing façade has two garage doors on the ground age of *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) *Recorded by: *Date
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Property Name: Morgan and Jones Funeral Home
Page of 11
floor. The wooden headers over the garage doors are painted in the darker blue shade. The area between the two garage doors is highlighted with another vertical band of blue stucco running from the roofline to the ground. The second floor has three small aluminum framed fixed windows set within vertical bands of blue stucco bordered in darker blue wooden trim. Since the garage doors are beneath them, the vertical accents of the windows do not run to the ground. The rear of the structure is completely plain, with no windows or doors.

The entire funeral home property is surrounded by a later, Contemporary style, black metal fence that echoes the vertical and rectangular panel divisions of the various privacy walls. The front driveway is protected by a large black metal gate inset with the Morgan Jones “MJ” logo.

From the sidewalk on Broadway, a wide cement walkway of rectangular slabs leads under a flat roofed shade structure raised on four slender wooden beams, painted dark brown. This shade structure is taller than the roofline of the entry and has exposed beams, echoing the chapel. The entrance is recessed and is set beneath a two-foot deep, stucco clad, sheathed roof overhang. On the left (east) side, the privacy wall is decorated with a square metal plaque containing the Morgan Jones “MJ” logo. Adjoining the privacy wall there is a decorative exterior rock wall that continues inside. The aluminum frame, glass double doors appear original and are set in a floor to ceiling window wall of clear glass. White flowering azaleas, camelias, gardenias and evergreen shrubs edge the walkway. Inside, opposite the main doors is another window wall of three fixed, rectangular glass panels that give a view of the rectangular atrium beyond. The atrium has a pergola roof of exposed beams. Its back wall (facing north) is made of the same decorative rock seen elsewhere in the compound.

Inside the atrium is a very large decorative rock fountain with a waterfall. The remaining walls of the atrium, east and west, are each made of 15 narrow rectangular wooden framed windows above 15 square recessed wooden panels. The row of windows on the west side illuminates the chapel and the glazing rhythm is one clear glass window followed by one textured blue glass window. The windows on the east side light the flat roofed office structures. On this side, the glazing rhythm is two clear glass windows followed by one textured blue glass window, allowing for brighter light in this area.

The large, Contemporary style chapel is front gabled, and slat roofed with blue painted exposed beams and deep eaves on all four sides. It sits on a cement slab foundation. The Broadway facing age of *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) *Recorded by: *Date
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CONTINUATION SHEET
Property Name: Morgan and Jones Funeral Home
Page of 11
exterior of the chapel is of ivory painted stucco with a vertical band of fixed, stained-glass windows at the center surrounded by dark brown painted wooden framing. The window is divided into three vertical divisions of equal width and is set with rectangular panes of stained glass in a staggered pattern. This vertical, multi-paned window runs from the ground level to just below the large and decorative laminated wooden trussing that defines the structure. The ends of these trusses extend past the deep eaves. In front of the chapel, facing Broadway, are three reproduction 1940’s streetlights painted black and raised on cylindrical cement bases. A mix of mature camelia trees and azalea bushes are set in a narrow band of lawn. At the far-right side of the chapel, a later addition blends into the structure and mimics it with its own smaller front gable. It is finished in the same ivory stucco and painted blue wood with exposed beams and deep eaves. Extending from the corner of the addition toward 42nd street is a low, decorative rock wall which supports an ivory colored, lighted rectangular sign reading “Morgan Jones Funeral Home, Chapel of the Chimes.” Examining the chapel and its additions from the west, 42nd street side, two identical flat roofed shade structures stand at either end of the façade. They are each supported by two slender wooden beams painted dark brown. Their flat slat roofs have exposed beams and are painted in the same blue color used throughout the complex. These shade structures mark two side entrances, covered with modern metal roll up doors. The roll up door to the left, closest to the corner of Broadway and 42nd street is placed within a vertical panel running from the roofline, between two exposed beams, to the ground. This vertical panel is painted blue and bordered by vertical wooden board trim painted in a darker shade of the same blue. This blue painted vertical panel is repeated on the east facing façade as well. Just past the second metal roll up door on the west facade is a low, flat roofed, one-story addition surrounded by a paneled privacy wall, with a metal gate. The west facing elevation of the privacy wall is composed eleven rectangular panels inset with vertical ship lap pattern exterior plywood painted blue with dark brown frames. These panels are raised two feet above the ground level by a wooden base of eleven smaller rectangles, painted blue. The rear of the chapel and its additions is utilitarian but the ivory stucco and blue wooden trim with exposed beams continue.

age of *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) *Recorded by: *Date
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Property Name: Morgan and Jones Funeral Home
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*B10 Significance, cont.

Significance of Grace Morgan-Jones

The property located at 4200 Broadway is closely associated with Grace Morgan- Jones who commissioned it, owned and operated it for forty years at this location. Morgan-Jones devoted her life to service organizations seeking to improve the lives of African Americans in Sacramento. She was active in Delta Sigma Theta sorority, founded in 1913 by women students of Howard University, now a worldwide, African American women’s service based sisterhood. She was also one of the original founders of the Sacramento branch of Jack and Jill of America, Inc., and its first president. This organization is for “mothers of children ages 2-19, dedicated to nurturing future African American leaders by strengthening children through leadership development, volunteer service, philanthropic giving and civic duty.” She was also active in The Links, Inc., established in 1946 in Philadelphia. This organization focuses on volunteer service and scholarship fundraising for the African American community.

Additionally Mrs. Morgan-Jones was active in the Sacramento Urban League, the NAACP and the Sacramento Women’s Civic Improvement Club. She was a member of the Christ Temple Apostolic Church. Her son, Charles M. Jones is now the business owner. Mrs. Grace Morgan-Jones passed away in 2004 and is buried at Odd Fellows.

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*B10 Significance (continued)
Significance of James Robert “Bob” McCabe

This property is also significant as a good example of the work of architect Bob McCabe (1927-2015) a native Californian and prolific architect who’s work in California and especially and around Sacramento helped to preserve historic structures as well as create new ones. His work included the first Crocker Museum expansion, the master plan and complete design of California State University Los Angeles, several buildings at California State University Sacramento, remodeling the homes of C.K. McClatchy and Wayne Thiebaud, a ten story office building in downtown Fresno, and numerous shopping centers to name just a few. He was responsible for the renovation of over one third of the buildings in Old Sacramento as well as several famous local historic homes and mansions. Through his mastery of his craft, McCabe was able to work with his clients and provide for their needs. His work on the Morgan Jones Funeral Home spanned more than twenty years. He expanded and reconfigured spaces to meet the needs of Mrs. Morgan-Jones as times changed and more space was needed. Because of his mastery of the Contemporary style, McCabe was able to create a typology of forms, especially a rhythm of rectangular shapes, at 4200 Broadway that he continued to draw from over the years as he expanded it. This language of ornament used by McCabe helped to ensure that the Morgan Jones expansions always blended into the original look of the project. The flexibility of his designs is well expressed by his twenty years of work at the Morgan Jones Funeral Home which retains a high level of integrity.

Conclusion
4200 Broadway is associated with Mrs. Grace Morgan-Jones who was Sacramento’s first African American woman funeral home owner. Throughout her long life, Morgan-Jones was involved in civic leadership roles in many organizations aimed at improving the lives of African American children, teens, and adults.

A significant part of Morgan-Jone’s career took place at the 4200 Broadway property that she commissioned and operated for forty years. The original location of Morgan Jones Funeral Home at 12th and Q streets was demolished in the urban renewal of Sacramento’s West End neighborhood. Therefore the

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property at 4200 Broadway appears eligible for listing on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources under criterion II for its association with Mrs. Grace Morgan-Jones, a person significant in the city’s past.
4200 Broadway is a good example of the original design work of James Robert “Bob” McCabe, a prolific architect of great range, who worked throughout California and especially in Sacramento. Besides his highly respected historical preservation work, for which he won many awards, McCabe also designed churches, civic clubs, VFW halls, residences and museums. Mr. McCabe was involved with the City of Sacramento Design Review and Preservation Board, the California and National Architectural licensing exams, and a wide array of arts commissions.

Besides his architectural practice, Mr. McCabe was a well respected city planner. McCabe’s collaboration with Morgan-Jones to build 4200 Broadway makes the property eliglible for listing on the Sacramento Register of Historica and Cultural Resources under Criterion IV for it’s architectural design by Bob McCabe, an important creative individual or master.

The Morgan Jones Funeral Home at 4200 Broadway holds important historic and architectural significance, both for it’s original design by Bob McCabe, a well known Sacramento architect as well as its association with the life and work of Mrs. Grace Morgan-Jones, Sacramento’s first African American woman funeral home owner and respected civic leader. Designation as a city landmark is therefore reasonable, appropriate and necessary to promote, protect and futher the goals of the City’s historic preservation program.

Images

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Interior of Chapel of the Chimes at Morgan Jones Funeral Home. Note the large laminated wood trusses and repeating rectangular windows at east side in alternating turquoise and clear glass.

Main Entrance on north façade, with shade structure, privacy wall, and exposed rock wall.

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Exposed rock wall continuing into formal entry vestibule viewed through north facing main entrance.

View through north facing main entrance, towards atrium showing pergola roof, rectangular fixed windows with stained glass, and exposed rock rear wall behind fountain.

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View of north façade. Note addition to original chapel on right, with its own front gable roof.

View of north facing façade, one story structures with private patio protected by privacy wall. Porte Cochere is visible at the left.

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East facing façade of two story building with garages on bottom floor and living space above.

References
Big Day of giving Organization page, Jack and Jill Sacramento Chapter. https://www.bigdayofgiving.org/organization/Jjsac
Center for Sacramento History, Catalog # 1995/027. Collection of architectural plans, elevations, drawings, and designs by Bob McCabe, architect.

Center for Sacramento History, Sacramento Observer archives Ebony Magazine archive, 1962.

Legacy.com Obituary for James Robert “Bob” McCabe:
https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/sacbee/name/james-mccabe- obituary?id=10149211
Morgan and Jones Funeral home website

Page
of *Resource Name or #: Harrison Crump Residence P1. Other Identifier:
____

DPR 523A (9/2013) *Required information
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial
NRHP Status Code
Other Listings
Review Code Reviewer Date
*P2. Location: Not for Publication X Unrestricted *a. County Sacramento and
*b. USGS 7.5' Quad Sacramento East Date 1967 T 8N ; R 5E ; of of Sec ; Mt. Diablo B.M. c. Address 3948 33rd Street City Sacramento Zip 95820

*P3a. Description:

The property located at 3948 33rd Street contains a two story, stucco, 1939 Minimal Traditional house with Tudor influences having an L shaped building plan. It is located in Sacramento’s Oak Park neighborhood, faces East and is set back approximately 20 feet from the sidewalk.

The home has a large front facing gable with a steep pitch and no overhanging eaves, placed asymmetrically at the left of the the main side gabled portion of the house. The roof is sheathed in composition shingles . The main entry is set at the far right side of the large front gable. It is containted in a small additional front facing gable tucked beneath the roofline of the main front gable, which has a gently swooping roofline detail, typical of the Tudor style. From the street, the front door is slightly recessed and sheltered by unusual Art Moderne influenced curving stucco walls at either side. (See Continuation Sheet)

*P3b. Resource Attributes: ( List
attributes and codes)
*P4. Resources Present: X Building
Structure Object Site District
Element of District Other
(Isolates, etc.)
P5b. Description of Photo: (view, date,
accession #)
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and
Source: X Historic Prehistoric
1938, as per Assessor’s
Records.
*P7. Owner and Address:

Ernestine Crump Revocable Trust
3948 33rd Street, Sacramento. CA
95820
*P8. Recorded by: Ella Cross,
Graduate Student, History
Department, CSUS, 6000 J Street,
Sacramento, CA

*P9. Date Recorded: 7/7/23
*P10. Survey Type: Intensive
*P11. Report Citation: Sacramento
Office of Historic Preservation.

Sacramento African American
Experience Project: Historic
Context Statement, by Page &
Turnbull with Damany M. Fisher.

Sacramento, 2022.

_
*Attachments: NONE X Location Map X Continuation Sheet X Building, Structure, and Object Record

P5a. Photograph or Drawing

*Resource Name or #
(Assigned by recorder) Harrison Crump Residence *NRHP Status Code Page of

DPR 523B (9/2013) *Required information
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
(This space reserved for official comments.)
(Sketch Map with north arrow required.)
B1. Historic Name: 3948 33rd Street
B2. Common Name: Harrison Crump Residence
B3. Original Use: Residential
B4. Present Use: Residential
*B5. Architectural Style: Minimal Traditional with Tudor Influences *B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) Built in 1939, as per county assessor records.
*B7. Moved? X No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location:
*B8. Related Features: Detached garage.

B9a. Architect: b. Builder:
*B10. Significance: Theme African American Experience Area

Period of Significance 1939-2009 Property Type Residencial Applicable Criteria (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.)

The significant contributions of the homeowner, Mr. Harrison Crump, Sr. date from 1979-2009 when he served as president of the Oak Park Little League Association. Coaching and mentoring generations of young people, Mr. Crump devoted his life to encouraging atheletic excellence.

Under his leadership, the Oak Park Little League regularly drew large crowds of nearly 200 people during the “hot games” at noon, first at the former site of Stanford Junior High on Martin Luther King Boulevard and 10th Street, later renamed Chistensen Field (now the site of the Oak Park Community Center). League sign-ups and tryouts were also held at McClatchy Park, the First Lutheran Church at 3860 4th Avenue (extant), and the Arata Brothers store at 34th Street and 3rd Avenue. In 1999, the baseball field at McClatchy Park was renamed Crump-Blackwell Fields in honor of Harrison Crump, Sr. and Normal Blackwell.

The house at 3948 33
rd street is most closely associated with the life of Mr. Harrison Crump, Sr., as it was at this home that he lived while President of the Oak Park Little League Association. The Crump family’s continued residence at the house only strengthens this connection.

B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) *B12. References:

B13. Remarks:

*B14. Evaluator: Ella Cross
*Date of Evaluation: 7/14/2023
age of *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) *Recorded by: *Date  Continuation  Update

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*P3a Description (continued):

The wall to the right of the front door contains a small rectangular, wood framed, fixed pane window which appears to have a modern plexiglass pane. It is likely that this small window originally had some type of multi-pane or decorative glass detail in the Tudor style, which is now lost. The rectangular wooden front door is reached by one stair and is obscured behind a black metal security screen. Inside the recessed entry is a small porch light mounted on the right wall.

The lower portion of the front entry gable is stuccoed to match the rest of the house while the area above the front door reaching to the top of the gable rests on two small decorative joist ends and is half timbered in horizontal wooden boards. There are three small round attic vents place vertically at the top of each of the front facing gables.

The main front gable has a small double hung sash window at the second story level which appears to be a vinyl replacement for the original wooden framed sash window. However the exterior narrow wooden window trim appears original and indicates that the replacement window is of the same dimensions as the original. At the ground floor level, the front gable has a tall rectangular vinyl sliding window with multi-pane glazing that also appears to be a replacement for two side by side original wooden framed casement windows with multi-paned glazing in the Tudor style. The window is surrounded by narrow wood trim and decorative rustic shutters which appear to be original.

To the right of the front facing gable, the house’s steeply pitched side gable portion becomes visible. From the street, it contains a replacement vinyl sliding window with multi-pane glazing identical to the one on the other side of the front door with matching rustic shutters. The house’s complex and asymmetrical roofline is balanced by the symmetry of its fenestration and the central placement of its front door. The house is of wood frame construction, faced with smooth stucco and resting on a slightly raised foundation.

The left side of the house, which faces South, has one pair of original wooden framed, multi-paned casement windows on the second story, seemingly of identical size as those once located on the street façade. On the ground floor, three further pairs of the same original casement windows run along the length of the building, at approximately five foot intervals. There is a louvered attic vent at the top of the gable.

The rear of the house, which faces West, has a large dormer in the second floor, visible from the sidewalk, however no other details of the back of the house were visible from the public right of way. Satelite imagry shows a freestanding garage behind the house which appears original and a further small structure at the rear of the property which appears to be a shed. age of *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) *Recorded by: *Date  Continuation  Update

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Property Name: _____________________________________________________________________________________ Page _____ of _____
The right side of the house, which faces North, has one pair of replacement vinyl sliding windows with multi-pane glazing at the second story and two further pair at the ground floor. These are identical to those found on the street elevation. There is a louvered attic vent at the top of the gable.

The front yard is surrounded by a modern black metal fence of post and picket design with fleur de lis finials. A small gate at the center allows access to the walkway leading to the front door. The driveway is to the right of the property and is accessed by a sliding gate in the fence. An additional gate, flush with the right side of the house, also in black metal with fleur de lis finials, separates the front yard from the backyard. Most of the front yard is paved with concrete. A mature Sycamore and Juniper shade the front yard. The house is currently painted a warm beige with copper brown wooden details.

Although the windows in much of the home appear to have been replaced with vinyl replicas of the same size and multi-pane configuration, this appears to be the only alteration. The neighborhood surrounding the property contains much simpler and smaller Minimal Traditional homes which retain their original details to a large extent. In the context of its block, the Harrison Crump residence is by far the most architecturally ambitious and the only two story example dating from the neighborhood’s creation in the 1920’s and 1930’s.

Conclusion:

The home at 3948 33rd Street is associated with Harrison Crump, Sr., who was a significant Oak Park community member. Mr. Crump devoted over 30 years to the Oak Park Little League Association, as President and Coach. Working to instil a love of baseball, teamwork and good sportsmanship in generations of young people, Mr. Crump made a difference in the lives of hundreds of children. As an example of the high regard the Oak Park community holds for him, in 1999 the baseball field at McClatchy Park was named to honor Mr. Harrison Crump and Mr.

Normal Blackwell, another Oak Park Little League Association member. 3948 33 rd
Street appears eligible for listing on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cuyltural Resources under city code criteria 17.604.201.A.1.a.ii for its association with Harrison Crump, Sr., a person significant in the City’s past.

The property at 3948 33rd Street holds important historic significance, serving as a generational home for the Crump family to the present day. The family’s patriarch, Harrison Crump, Sr., is noteworthy for his longtime association with the Oak Park Little League Association, as it’s president for over 30 years.

His commitment to improving the lives of Oak Park’s youth is admirable.

Designation as a City landmark is therefore reasonable, appropriate, and necessary to promote, protect, an further the goals andpurposes of the City’s historic preservation program.

age of *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) *Recorded by: *Date  Continuation  Update

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Property Name: _____________________________________________________________________________________ Page _____ of _____

Photo 2 – Main entry showing Tudor elements mixed with Art Moderne influenced curving walls.

age of *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) *Recorded by: *Date  Continuation  Update

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Property Name: _____________________________________________________________________________________ Page _____ of _____

Photo 3 showing high front gabled roof with entry tucked beneath low swooping eave.

State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________ P
RIMARY RECORD Trinomial _____________________________________ NRHP Status Code
Ot her Listings _______________________________________________________________ Review Code __________ Reviewer ____________________________ Date ___________ Pa
ge 1 of 12 Resource Name or # Oak Park School of Afro-American Thought *P11. Report Citation: Sacramento Office of Historic Preservation. Sacramento African American Experience Project: Historic Context Statement, by Page & Turnbull with Damany M. Fisher. Sacramento, 2022. *Attachments: □ None □ Location Map □ Sketch Map ⌧ Continuation Sheet ⌧ Building, Structure, and Object Record □ Archaeological Record □ District Record □ Linear Feature Record □ Milling Station Record □ Rock Art Record □ Artifact Record □ Photograph Record □Other (list)
DPR 523A (1/95) *Required Information
P1. Other Identifier: Bouey Termite & Construction Inc.

P2. Location: □ Not for Publication ⌧ Unrestricted
a. County: Sacramento
b. USGS 7.5’ Quad Sacramento East Date 1967 T 8N ; R 5E c. Address 3639 4th Avenue City Sacramento Zip 95817
e. Other Locational Data: Assessor Parcel Number: 010-0385-012 P3a. Description:

The p roperty at 3639 4th Avenue is a two-story 3,820 square foot International style commercial building with a recessed entry lit by a rectangular cut out in the flat roof. It is located in a mixed-use area in the Oak Park neighborhood of Sacramento, CA (Photograph 1 ). The building is of cement block masonry construction. The West and East facades feature extended cement block exterior wing walls that jut past the North and South facades and rise higher than both roof elevations. The West and East facades of the building do not have windows. The building is clad primarily in stucco, and a veneer of uncured ledge rock clads sections of the wall on the South façade facing 4th Avenue. The building is set on a concrete slab foundation. The second floor is set back and is approximately half the depth of the first floor. Fenestration on the upper floor of the main façade, which faces South, includes three horizontally oriented, fixed rectangular windows obscured by vertical metal bars. Because the windows are obscured, it is difficult to tell whether these windows are original or replacements. A vinyl awning runs continuously along the second story, shading the three windows. (See C ontinuation Sheet)
*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) C-2-SPD- General Commercial/ Special Planning District *P4. Resources Present: ⌧ Building □ Struc-
ture □ Object □ Site □ District □ Element of District
□ Other (Isolates, etc.)
P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date,
accession #) Photo#1. Camera facing North,
March 27, 2023.
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:
⌧ Historic □ Prehistoric □ Both
1964, Sacramento County Assessor’s Office
*P7. Owner and Address:

Bouey Termite & Construction
3639 4th Ave Sacramento, CA 95817
*P8. Recorded by:

Ettienne LeFebre
CSU Sacramento
6000 J Street Sacramento, CA 95819
E
lla Cross
CSU Sacramento
6000 J Street Sacramento, CA 95819
*P9
. Date Recorded: April 30, 2023
*P10. Survey Type: Intensive

State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ________________________________________

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD