US Army Corps
of Engineers ®
Levee System 5205000392 / Segment 5204000389 Levee Sponsor Pre-Inspection Form
Purpose: To collect the best and most recent information to ensure all maintenance activities, including any improvements or repair work, and any other changes in condition are appropriately noted and documented during this inspection. This information is important to help pre-plan locations for inspectors during the field inspection.
Directions: To be filled out directly by the levee sponsor/maintaining agency or by USACE through interviewing the levee sponsor/maintaining agency during coordination efforts in preparation for the inspection. If the requested information is contained in supplemental documentation that was provided to USACE separately then only referencing to that supplemental documentation or providing information different than what is in the supplemental documentation is required on this form.
Levee Sponsor/Maintaining Agency: Central Valley Flood Protection Board, American River Flood Control District, Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency, CA Department of Water Resources
Date of last USACE Inspection: 02/24/2023
Date Levee Sponsor was notified of upcoming Inspection: 08/30/2022
1. Summary of maintenance/repairs/modifications performed since the last USACE inspection (if not captured in maintenance logs/documentation that has been provided separately):
No information provided from ARFCD.
2. Summary of planned actions/improvements/recommendations, but not yet accomplished:
No information provided from ARFCD.
3. Results from inspections conducted by the levee sponsor/maintaining agency (if inspection documentation has not been provided separately):
No information provided from ARFCD.
4. Description of any performance information observed, including successful performance, since the last USACE inspection. Include intervention measures taken, such as floodfighting or operational actions (e.g. operating pumps or closures) during high water events:
No information provided from ARFCD.
Levee Inspection Report
American River FCD - Unit 8, Magpie Creek
Pre-Inspection Form
5. Identify any specific locations or components that you would like to be closely inspected or have planned testing scheduled (e.g. for pump stations/closures/relief wells) to correspond with the USACE inspection:
No information provided from ARFCD.
6. Provide any other information you want to note to have occurred since the last USACE inspection, such as any training/testing/emergency exercises or communication activities:
No information provided from ARFCD.
Sponsor Pre-Inspection Form – AR06
Levee Inspection Report
American River FCD - Units 6 and 8, Dry Creek left bank Pre-Inspection Form
US Army Corps
of Engineers ®
Levee System 5205000392 / Segment 5204000392 Levee Sponsor Pre-Inspection Form
Purpose: To collect the best and most recent information to ensure all maintenance activities, including any improvements or repair work, and any other changes in condition are appropriately noted and documented during this inspection. This information is important to help pre-plan locations for inspectors during the field inspection.
Directions: To be filled out directly by the levee sponsor/maintaining agency or by USACE through interviewing the levee sponsor/maintaining agency during coordination efforts in preparation for the inspection. If the requested information is contained in supplemental documentation that was provided to USACE separately then only referencing to that supplemental documentation or providing information different than what is in the supplemental documentation is required on this form.
Levee Sponsor/Maintaining Agency: Central Valley Flood Protection Board, American River Flood Control District, Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency, CA Department of Water Resources
Date of last USACE Inspection: 02/14/2023
Date Levee Sponsor was notified of upcoming Inspection: 08/30/2022
1. Summary of maintenance/repairs/modifications performed since the last USACE inspection (if not captured in maintenance logs/documentation that has been provided separately):
No information provided from ARFCD.
2. Summary of planned actions/improvements/recommendations, but not yet accomplished:
No information provided from ARFCD.
3. Results from inspections conducted by the levee sponsor/maintaining agency (if inspection documentation has not been provided separately):
No information provided from ARFCD.
4. Description of any performance information observed, including successful performance, since the last USACE inspection. Include intervention measures taken, such as floodfighting or operational actions (e.g. operating pumps or closures) during high water events:
No information provided from ARFCD.
Levee Inspection Report
American River FCD - Units 6 and 8, Dry Creek left bank Pre-Inspection Form
5. Identify any specific locations or components that you would like to be closely inspected or have planned testing scheduled (e.g. for pump stations/closures/relief wells) to correspond with the USACE inspection:
No information provided from ARFCD.
6. Provide any other information you want to note to have occurred since the last USACE inspection, such as any training/testing/emergency exercises or communication activities:
No information provided from ARFCD.
Sponsor Pre-Inspection Form – AR2A
Levee Inspection Report
American River FCD - Unit 2 north, NEMDC above
Arcade Creek
Pre-Inspection Form
US Army Corps
of Engineers ®
Levee System 5205000392 / Segment 5204000395 Levee Sponsor Pre-Inspection Form
Purpose: To collect the best and most recent information to ensure all maintenance activities, including any improvements or repair work, and any other changes in condition are appropriately noted and documented during this inspection. This information is important to help pre-plan locations for inspectors during the field inspection.
Directions: To be filled out directly by the levee sponsor/maintaining agency or by USACE through interviewing the levee sponsor/maintaining agency during coordination efforts in preparation for the inspection. If the requested information is contained in supplemental documentation that was provided to USACE separately then only referencing to that supplemental documentation or providing information different than what is in the supplemental documentation is required on this form.
Levee Sponsor/Maintaining Agency: Central Valley Flood Protection Board, American River Flood Control District, Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency, CA Department of Water Resources
Date of last USACE Inspection: 02/21/2023
Date Levee Sponsor was notified of upcoming Inspection: 08/30/2022
1. Summary of maintenance/repairs/modifications performed since the last USACE inspection (if not captured in maintenance logs/documentation that has been provided separately):
No information provided from ARFCD.
2. Summary of planned actions/improvements/recommendations, but not yet accomplished:
No information provided from ARFCD.
3. Results from inspections conducted by the levee sponsor/maintaining agency (if inspection documentation has not been provided separately):
No information provided from ARFCD.
4. Description of any performance information observed, including successful performance, since the last USACE inspection. Include intervention measures taken, such as floodfighting or operational actions (e.g. operating pumps or closures) during high water events:
No information provided from ARFCD.
Levee Inspection Report
American River FCD - Unit 2 north, NEMDC above
Arcade Creek
Pre-Inspection Form
5. Identify any specific locations or components that you would like to be closely inspected or have planned testing scheduled (e.g. for pump stations/closures/relief wells) to correspond with the USACE inspection:
No information provided from ARFCD.
6. Provide any other information you want to note to have occurred since the last USACE inspection, such as any training/testing/emergency exercises or communication activities:
No information provided from ARFCD.
Sponsor Pre-Inspection Form – AR07
Levee Inspection Report
American River FCD - Unit 7, Arcade Creek right bank
Pre-Inspection Form
US Army Corps
of Engineers ®
Levee System 5205000392 / Segment 5204000396 Levee Sponsor Pre-Inspection Form
Purpose: To collect the best and most recent information to ensure all maintenance activities, including any improvements or repair work, and any other changes in condition are appropriately noted and documented during this inspection. This information is important to help pre-plan locations for inspectors during the field inspection.
Directions: To be filled out directly by the levee sponsor/maintaining agency or by USACE through interviewing the levee sponsor/maintaining agency during coordination efforts in preparation for the inspection. If the requested information is contained in supplemental documentation that was provided to USACE separately then only referencing to that supplemental documentation or providing information different than what is in the supplemental documentation is required on this form.
Levee Sponsor/Maintaining Agency: Central Valley Flood Protection Board, American River Flood Control District, Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency, CA Department of Water Resources
Date of last USACE Inspection: 12/02/2009
Date Levee Sponsor was notified of upcoming Inspection: 08/30/2022
1. Summary of maintenance/repairs/modifications performed since the last USACE inspection (if not captured in maintenance logs/documentation that has been provided separately):
No information provided from ARFCD.
2. Summary of planned actions/improvements/recommendations, but not yet accomplished:
No information provided from ARFCD.
3. Results from inspections conducted by the levee sponsor/maintaining agency (if inspection documentation has not been provided separately):
No information provided from ARFCD.
4. Description of any performance information observed, including successful performance, since the last USACE inspection. Include intervention measures taken, such as floodfighting or operational actions (e.g. operating pumps or closures) during high water events:
No information provided from ARFCD.
Levee Inspection Report
American River FCD - Unit 7, Arcade Creek right bank
Pre-Inspection Form
5. Identify any specific locations or components that you would like to be closely inspected or have planned testing scheduled (e.g. for pump stations/closures/relief wells) to correspond with the USACE inspection:
No information provided from ARFCD.
6. Provide any other information you want to note to have occurred since the last USACE inspection, such as any training/testing/emergency exercises or communication activities:
No information provided from ARFCD.
Levee Inspection Reference Guide
Levee Inspection Report Reference Guide
Levee Inspection Reference Guide
The purpose of the Levee Inspection Reference Guide is to provide supporting direction for conducting formal and special levee inspections, determining item ratings and finalizing the results of the inspection. This Checklist is to be used with the Standard Operation Procedures (SOP) for Levee Inspections and Site Visits.
A. Definitions:
Approved Alteration - Any action that builds upon, alters, improves, moves, or occupies a levee system. For federally authorized levee systems, a USACE Section 408 permission has been issued. For non-federally constructed and locally maintained levee systems, the levee sponsor is aware of and has approved the alteration. Often, observations of approved alterations are handled under the Encroachment item in the Levee Inspection Checklist. These observations should be noted as such and details included in the observation descriptions.
Encroachment - A non-project item such as trash, debris, structures, obstructions or unauthorized/inappropriate activities within the easement/right-of-way of the levee. For federally authorized levee systems, no USACE Section 408 permission has been issued. For non-federally constructed and locally maintained levee systems, the levee sponsor is unaware of and/or has not approved the non-project item or activity.
Feature - A component of a levee segment/system (e.g. Embankment, Floodwall, Channel, etc.). Levee segments/systems may have multiple Features that function together to exclude water from a defined leveed area. Main Features have their own section in the Levee Inspection Checklist.
Formal Inspection - A pre-scheduled comprehensive levee inspection by a team of subject matter experts led by a professional engineer or professional geologist to (1) document levee condition, (2) assess progress of ongoing risk management activities, (3) inform risk assessments and new risk management recommendations, and (4) include specific evaluations or testing, such as exercising closures or performing relief well pump tests.
Item - A characteristic of a levee Feature (e.g. Encroachments, Sod Cover, Seepage, etc.) that is used to assess the condition of the levee, inform risk assessments, and/or evaluate adequacy of operations and maintenance.
Levee Segment - A levee segment is a discrete portion of a levee system that is operated and maintained by a single entity. A levee segment may be composed of one or more levee features.
Levee System or Levee - A man-made structure that does not cross a watercourse, usually an earthen embankment or floodwall, designed and constructed with the principle function of excluding flood waters for a limited range of flood events from a portion of the floodplain (referred to as “leveed area”).
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) - A voluntary program administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to mitigate flood losses through community-enforced building and zoning ordinances and to provide property owners with access to federally-backed flood insurance.
Negative Finding - A conclusion that there is sufficient information to determine that a specific criteria of 44 CFR 65.10 for the NFIP has not been met as a result of a levee inspection.
Non-Project Segment - a form of manmade high ground which a levee system/segment ties into, whose existence and performance is necessary for excluding flood waters from the leveed area, but is not under any USACE authority.
Observation - A specific location (point or line) where an Item is evaluated and rated based on the rating guidelines (e.g. an area of levee that has less than 50% sod coverage).
Observation Location Description - Information that further describes the observation location such as land or waterside of the levee or proximity along the slope or crown that provides the reader with sufficient information to find the observation during future maintenance activities or inspections. Observation location descriptions may include the following: landside toe, landside toe and slope, landside levee slope only, landside slope and crown, slopes and crown, crown, slopes, toes, waterside toe, waterside toe and slope, waterside levee slope only, waterside slope and crown, other.
Observation Number - A numeric value that is used to identify a specific observation location during an inspection.
Positive Finding - A conclusion that there is sufficient information to determine that a specific criteria of 44 CFR 65.10 for the NFIP has been met as a result of a levee inspection.
Rating Guidelines - Established parameters to assist an inspector in assessing the visual condition of a specific location (point or line) or multiple locations that serve as the rationale for a final Item rating.
Special Inspection - A formally documented visual inspection that is requested by the levee sponsor or required due to changed conditions or to document performance.
Levee Inspection Report Reference Guide
Use of the Levee Inspection Checklist:
General Notes:
• Each individual levee segment will have its own inspection results. • Include only the feature sections of the Checklist that apply to the segment being inspected.
• The Levee Inspection Summary and the section labeled "General Items" is required for every formal and special inspection. • Specific data fields have been included in the National Levee Database (NLD) to document frequency of inspection, testing or operation and condition for the following Features or Items: pipes, gates, relief wells, toe drains and closures. Applicable tables should be attached to the Levee Inspection Report (see Appendix J of the SOP for Levee Inspections and Site Visits. Specific corrective recommendations should not be included with the inspection results. Inspection results should be used to develop risk-informed recommendations as part of the Levee Risk Management Summary (See EC 1165-2-218). • If there is a non-project segment as part of a levee system with a federally authorized segment that rights-of-entry could not be obtained, then visual observations should be documented in a Site Visit Summary.
Specific Levee Inspection Features Sections and Items:
• The items labeled “Culverts and Discharge Pipes” includes all gravity flow and pressurized pipes that pass over or through the levee and its foundation, as well as pipes away from the levee. Judgment and consistency should be exercised when determining if pipes should be rated under the Levee Embankment Feature or the Interior Drainage Feature “Culverts and Discharge Pipes” rated items. Pipe closures and drainage features should be rated in their respective items under the Interior Drainage System Feature. This includes all associated gates and drainage ditches, ponding areas and structures that are functioning as interior drainage components along the levee. The pump station feature has a separate item for intake and discharge pipes associated with those Features. • The items labeled “Closure Structures” includes all closure structures, sandbag and earthen closures, stop logs and gates. Conduit and culvert closures are documented and rated in the appropriate items within the Interior Drainage System Feature. • The starting and stopping location for embankments, floodwalls and closures shall be determined in a case-by-case basis. • The section labeled “Flood Risk Management Channels” includes channels that have been constructed in association with the levee system. This section may also be used to inspect channels independent of levees. For “shoaling”, the rating guidelines describing vegetation in a shoal are intended to document the permanence of the shoal and its likely impact on channel integrity or flow capacity. • The Feature section labeled “Pump Stations” includes the structure of the pump station and all associated intake/discharge pipe, mechanical/electrical systems and equipment.
• For “Interior Drainage System”, “Flood Risk Management Channels”, and “Pump Stations”, conditions of Items that impact levee embankments or floodwalls (e.g. ditches, ponding areas, bank stability or erosion) should also be rated under the appropriate Levee Embankments or Floodwalls section to reflect the impact on levee integrity.
B.
Levee Inspection Report Reference Guide
C. Observation Ratings:
General Notes:
• For each Observation noted during the inspection, the inspector will apply a rating to the Observation based on the rating guidelines associated with the corresponding Item. Overall Item ratings are assigned based on summarizing all Observations for that Item. • When an observation is associated with more than one feature (e.g. observed erosion identified in or near a levee embankment and a flood risk management channel), observations shall be recorded, described, and rated within each appropriate feature and item. • Inspectors should document any observation/activity that can be visually seen from the levee that may adversely affect the integrity of the levee, even if the concern is beyond the limits of the easement/right- of-way, with documentation that the Observation is outside the easement/right-of-way. It is understood that resolution of these instances may be beyond the control of the levee sponsor. • Observations associated with approved Section 408 permissions or levee sponsor permits for modifications should be rated under the corresponding Item and feature or under “Encroachments” and documented as such.
• Seepage Observation ratings should consider information collected during recent flood events. • Most levee systems have components that may require testing or inspection to occur at a frequency that is outside of or more frequent than during pre-scheduled formal inspections to assess their internal condition or operability. These components usually are culverts and discharge pipes; relief wells and toe drains; closures, gates, and valves; and operational systems in pump stations. Requirements for testing/inspection of these components are typically prescribed in the levee’s operations and maintenance manual. A field observation must be recorded of visible conditions of each component during an inspection. This will be used to supplement internal conditional assessments using PACP defect codes for culverts and discharge pipes and toe drains; internal conditional assessments from pump testing for relief wells; and operational adequacy from testing/installation records for closures, gates and valves, and operational systems in pump stations in the Item Rating determination.
• If Districts schedule a walk-through pipe inspection (in accordance with EM 1110-2-2902 and EM 385-1-1) in conjunction with a levee inspection, inspectors must document both the interior conditions by assigning a PACP defect code and the pipe’s exterior conditions with an inspection Observation Rating.
General Guidelines for Assigning Observation Ratings:
Acceptable Minimally Acceptable Unacceptable
An “Acceptable” observation rating generally
means that it has been operated and
maintained in a way that meets the intent of
the “Acceptable” rating guidelines herein, and
is not expected to have a negative impact on
performance.
A “Minimally Acceptable” observation rating
generally means that it has deficiencies that
should be corrected, but are not currently
expected to have a negative impact. If not
corrected, these deficiencies could lead to a
negative impact on performance.
An “Unacceptable” observation rating
generally means that it has serious deficiencies
that require correction because these
deficiencies are expected to have a negative
impact on performance.
Documentation of the levee inspection observations should include, at a minimum:
• Observation number associated with the point or line
• Observation rating of “Acceptable”, “Minimally Acceptable” or “Unacceptable” based on rating guidelines for the Item • Observation location description
• Levee station, river mile and/or GPS latitude/longitude associated with the point or line • Description of the observation which is a detailed narrative that explains why an observation was documented and the rationale for the observation rating Levee Inspection Report Reference Guide
• Photo associated with the observation point or line.
• Photo num ber related to a photograph of the observation point or line.
D. Item Ratings:
• Item ratings will be determined by considering all associated Observation ratings comprehensively. Rationale for overall Item ratings must be documented in the Levee Inspection Checklist.
• If the Item does not exist within the levee segment, the Item should be rated “N/A”.
General Guidelines for Assigning Item Ratings:
Acceptable Item Minimally Acceptable Item Unacceptable Item Observations are rated “Acceptable”, or one or
more observations are rated “Minimally
Acceptable” but the number or severity of
“Minimally Acceptable” Observations
collectively is not expected to have a negative
impact on performance. No Observations were
rated as “Unacceptable.”
One or more Observations are rated
“Minimally Acceptable” or one or more
Observations were rated “Unacceptable” but
the number or severity of Observations
collectively are not currently expected to have
a negative impact, but if not corrected
deficiencies could lead to a negative impact on
performance.
One or more Observations are rated
“Unacceptable” and the number or severity of
Observations collectively has are expected to
have a negative impact on performance.
Appendix G.
Robla-Arcade Levee System
O&M ROW Maps - Psomas
SHEET 2SHEET 3SHEET 4SHEET 5SHEET 6SHEET 7SHEET 8SHEET 9SHEET 10SHEET 11SHEET 12SHEET 13SHEET 14
EXHIBIT 'A'
Plotted: Dec/17/2024 1:56 PM | By: Manrique.JarquinDWG: P:\SAFCA\6SAF022000\SURVEY\DWG\Task 2672 NSSG\Robla Arcade\Robla Arcade O&M ROW.dwg CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTODJFSTATE OF CALIFORNIA114NTSBWHDATE:DRWN. BY:SCALE:SHEET OF CHK. BY:(916) 788-8122 (916) 788-0600 (FAX)Roseville, CA 956611410 Rocky Ridge Drive, Suite 30012/17/2024 LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE) 10' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)20' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)PARCEL LINEEXISTING SSJDD EASEMENTEXISTING SSJDD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA FEE TITLEEXISTING ARFCD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA EASEMENTPENDING SAFCA ACQUISITION LEGEND
FLOOD WALLBASELINE / TOP CENTERLINE OF LEVEEPARCEL No. (SEE SEPARATE PARCEL LIST)APN:ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBERARFCD:AMERICAN RIVER FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTDWR:CALIFORNIA DEPT OF WATER RESOURCESNEMDC:NATOMAS EAST MAIN DRAINAGE CANALOR: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF SACRAMENTO COUNTYPCL:PARCELSAFCA: SACRAMENTO AREA FLOOD CONTROL AGENCYSSJDD:SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT 3000+00
A-#
NOT TO SCALE
O & M RIGHT OF WAY MAPROBLA ARCADE BASIN
STATEOFAINROFILACLICENSEDLAROYEVRUSDN.JRGEYDANF8303OIEL NOTES:
ROBAL CREEK SOUTH LEVEE
STA 6000+00 - 6107+79
NEMDC EAST LEVEE
STA 3055+54 - 3192+02
ARCADE CREEK NORTH LEVEE STA 5000+75 - 5112+28LEVEE ALIGNMENT STATIONS:TO EXHIBIT THE EXISTING LANDSIDE LEVEE TOE INRELATIONSHIP TO FLOOD CONTROL RIGHTS FOR THEPURPOSE OF THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (O&M)ANALYSIS FOR ROBLA ARCADE BASIN LEVEE.PURPOSE SATEMENT LEVEE TOE:THE LEVEE TOE SHOWN HEREON WAS DRAWNUSING POINTS EXTRACTED FROM A LIDARPOINT CLOUD AND PSOMAS FIELD SURVEYS.THE LIDAR POINT CLOUD WAS COMPILED ON4/19/2024 AND THE PSOMAS FIELDSURVEYS WERE PERFORMED APRIL 2024.LAND-NET: PROPERTY LINES AND EASEMENTS WERECOMPILED FROM RECORD DATA. PRECISIONTOLERANCE WITHIN +/- 1 FOOT.TAX ASSSESSOR LINESTAX ASSESSOR LINES SHOWN HEREON AREAPPROXIMATE AND BASED ON SACRAMENTOCOUNTY GIS.EXISTING FLOOD CONTROL RIGHTSTHE REFERENCED DOCUMENTS OF EXISTINGFLOOD CONTROL RIGHTS ARE IN EASEMENT,AGREEMENT, AND FEE TITLE. SEE REFERENCEDOCUMENTS FOR FULL PARTICULARS.IMAGERY: AERIAL IMAGERY WAS ACQUIRED FROM ALIDAR CAPTURE DATED 4/19/2024.
SITUATED IN
TOWNSHIP 9 NORTH, RANGE 5 EAST, M.D.M.COUNTY OF SACRAMENTOSTATE OF CALIFORNIALOCATION
APN 226-0080-073SSJDD
APN 215-0230-049AFRCD
APN 226-0080-082ARFCD(MULTIPLE DEEDS)
CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTO
ROBLA CREEK
DRY CREEK ROAD
ASCOT AVENUE
APN 226-0080-100SSJDD
APN 226-0080-100SSJDD
APN 226-0080-101SAFCA199610100845-OR, PCL 2
APN 226-0080-050SAFCA199912030273, PCL 1
6117+41
6100+00
6110+00
APN 226-0080-103WANG
APN 226-0080-001SAFCA199912030273, PCL 2
APN 214-0160-082BELLACQUA HOMEOWNERSASSOCIATION
APN 214-0160-131GRUBBS LIVING TRUST
APN 214-0160-125HAYER
APN 214-0160-122SAFCA
APN 226-0080-117SAFCAMULTIPLE DEEDS
APN 215-0230-052ADIR 5444 DRYCREEK LLC
APN 226-0080-049SSJDD
APN 226-0080-103WANG
APN 226-0280-009CITY OF SACRAMENTO
APN 214-0160-099SAFCAAPN 214-0160-100SAFCA
APN 215-0230-035SSJDD
APN226-0080-049SSJDD
APN 226-0080-102WANG
A-3A-4A-5A-6A-7A-8A-9A-10A-11A-12A-13A-14
A-2
A-1
3 LEVEE RIGHTSIN FEE TO SSJDDPER 2792-OR-547(DWR PCL 01834_A) 21 4
56 7891011
12131415
1 4
23 5
Plotted: Dec/17/2024 1:56 PM | By: Manrique.JarquinDWG: P:\SAFCA\6SAF022000\SURVEY\DWG\Task 2672 NSSG\Robla Arcade\Robla Arcade O&M ROW.dwg CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTODJFSTATE OF CALIFORNIA2141" = 200'BWHDATE:DRWN. BY:SCALE:SHEET OF CHK. BY:(916) 788-8122 (916) 788-0600 (FAX)Roseville, CA 956611410 Rocky Ridge Drive, Suite 30012/17/202401"=200'100200SCALE:
EXHIBIT 'A'
O & M RIGHT OF WAY MAPROBLA ARCADE BASIN
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 3
LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE) 10' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)20' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)PARCEL LINEEXISTING SSJDD EASEMENTEXISTING SSJDD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA FEE TITLEEXISTING ARFCD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA EASEMENTPENDING SAFCA ACQUISITION LEGENDFLOOD WALLBASELINE / TOP CENTERLINE OF LEVEEPARCEL No. (SEE SEPARATE PARCEL LIST)APN:ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBERARFCD:AMERICAN RIVER FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTDWR:CALIFORNIA DEPT OF WATER RESOURCESNEMDC:NATOMAS EAST MAIN DRAINAGE CANALOR: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF SACRAMENTO COUNTYPCL:PARCELSAFCA: SACRAMENTO AREA FLOOD CONTROL AGENCYSSJDD:SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT 3000+00A-#
FLOOD CONTROL RIGHTS:FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2519-OR-602 (DWR PCL 01606)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 3274-OR-261 (DWR PCL 02169)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 3038-OR-306 (DWR PCL 02054)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2772-OR-304 (DWR PCL 02082)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 3200-OR-287 (DWR PCL 02105_01)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2691-OR-256 (DWR PCL 01715)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 20000728-OR-1004. (APN 226-0080-105)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 20010118-OR-0670. (APN 226-0080-115)12345678 FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 20000825-OR-0679 (APN 226-0080-107)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 20000825-OR-0679 (APN 226-0080-108)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 20001017-OR-0889 (APN 226-0080-111)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 199705050310-OR (APN 226-0080-096)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 19950418-OR-0142 (APN 226-0080-094)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 950103-OR-0088 (APN 226-0080-093)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 20001005-OR-0981 (APN 226-0080-113)9101112131415 APN 226-0061-030BEGUM
APN 226-0061-021SAFCA199710151009-OR
RIO LINDA BLVD.
ROBLA CREEK
APN 226-0080-100SSJDD
APN 226-0080-100SSJDD
APN 226-0080-101SAFCA199610100845-OR, PCL 2
CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTO
6070+00
6080+00
6090+00
6100+00
APN 226-0080-103WANGAPN 226-0080-001SAFCA199912030273, PCL 2 APN 226-0062-005SAFCA20020806-OR-1655
APN 214-0160-020COUNTY OF SACRAMENTO
APN 226-0062-010SAFCA199705050307-OR
APN 226-0061-031SAFCA200306013-OR-1893, PCL 4
APN 226-0061-022BEGUM
APN 226-0062-014SWIFT
APN 226-0061-028CARMICAL SURVIVORS TRUSTAPN 226-0061-020CARMICAL SURVIVORS TRUST APN 226-0080-103WANG
APN 226-0280-009CITY OF SACRAMENTO
APN 214-0160-099
APN226-0080-049SSJDD
APN 226-0061-002SAFCA200306013-OR-1893, PCL 4
A-1
B-2
B-1APN 226-0061-027SAFCA
1 4
23 5
LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 2739-OR-001(DWR PCL 01761) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 2739-OR-001(DWR PCL 01927_02) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 2739-OR-001(DWR PCL 01761) Plotted: Dec/17/2024 1:56 PM | By: Manrique.JarquinDWG: P:\SAFCA\6SAF022000\SURVEY\DWG\Task 2672 NSSG\Robla Arcade\Robla Arcade O&M ROW.dwg CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTODJFSTATE OF CALIFORNIA3141" = 200'BWHDATE:DRWN. BY:SCALE:SHEET OF CHK. BY:(916) 788-8122 (916) 788-0600 (FAX)Roseville, CA 956611410 Rocky Ridge Drive, Suite 30012/17/2024 01"=200'100200
SCALE:
EXHIBIT 'A'
O & M RIGHT OF WAY MAPROBLA ARCADE BASIN
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 4
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 2
LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE) 10' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)20' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)PARCEL LINEEXISTING SSJDD EASEMENTEXISTING SSJDD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA FEE TITLEEXISTING ARFCD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA EASEMENTPENDING SAFCA ACQUISITION LEGENDFLOOD WALLBASELINE / TOP CENTERLINE OF LEVEEPARCEL No. (SEE SEPARATE PARCEL LIST)APN:ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBERARFCD:AMERICAN RIVER FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTDWR:CALIFORNIA DEPT OF WATER RESOURCESNEMDC:NATOMAS EAST MAIN DRAINAGE CANALOR: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF SACRAMENTO COUNTYPCL:PARCELSAFCA: SACRAMENTO AREA FLOOD CONTROL AGENCYSSJDD:SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT 3000+00A-#
FLOOD CONTROL RIGHTS:FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2792-OR-547 (DWR PCL 01834_A)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 199610100845-OR, PCL 1 (APN 226-0080-104)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 199610100845-OR, PCL 2 (APN 226-0080-101)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 199610100845-OR, PCL 3LEVEE ESMT TO SSJDD PER 3189-OR-635 (DWR PCL 2563_03)12345 APN 226-0070-055CITY OF SACRAMENTO
APN 226-0061-029SAFCA200306013-OR-1893, PCL 1
ROBLA CREEK
SULLY STREET
PINEDALE AVENUE
SHADY LEAF WAY
APN 226-0070-055CITY OF SACRAMENTO
APN 226-0350-039SAFCA200912-OR-1062
6040+00
6050+00
6060+00
CLAIRE AVENUE
PINEDALE AVE
APN 226-0061-025SAFCA199906111799-OR,EXBT A, PCL 2
APN 226-0070-054WHITLEY
APN 226-0070-052XIONG
APN 226-0070-063SAFCA20000912-OR-1062
APN226-0110-033MUNGUIAAPN 226-0110-020KIELTYAPN 226-0110-053HER APN 226-0061-024SAFCA199906111799-OR, EXBT B
APN 226-0070-053SAFCA200912-OR-1062
APN 226-0070-064SAFCA200912-OR-1062
APN 226-0070-063SAFCA20000912-OR-1062
APN 226-0061-002SAFCA200306013-OR-1893, PCL 4
C-2
C-1
APN 226-0061-028CARMICAL SURVIVORS TRUSTLEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 2876-OR-458(DWR PCL 1927_01)LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 2739-OR-001(DWR PCL 01927_02) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 3158-OR-277(DWR PCL 02085) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 2780-OR-57(DWR PCL 01807) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 2772-OR-309(DWR PCL 01915)
EXHIBIT 'A'
Plotted: Dec/17/2024 1:56 PM | By: Manrique.JarquinDWG: P:\SAFCA\6SAF022000\SURVEY\DWG\Task 2672 NSSG\Robla Arcade\Robla Arcade O&M ROW.dwg CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTODJFSTATE OF CALIFORNIA4141" = 200'BWHDATE:DRWN. BY:SCALE:SHEET OF CHK. BY:(916) 788-8122 (916) 788-0600 (FAX)Roseville, CA 956611410 Rocky Ridge Drive, Suite 30012/17/2024 LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE) 10' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)20' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)PARCEL LINEEXISTING SSJDD EASEMENTEXISTING SSJDD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA FEE TITLEEXISTING ARFCD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA EASEMENTPENDING SAFCA ACQUISITION LEGEND
FLOOD WALLBASELINE / TOP CENTERLINE OF LEVEEPARCEL No. (SEE SEPARATE PARCEL LIST)APN:ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBERARFCD:AMERICAN RIVER FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTDWR:CALIFORNIA DEPT OF WATER RESOURCESNEMDC:NATOMAS EAST MAIN DRAINAGE CANALOR: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF SACRAMENTO COUNTYPCL:PARCELSAFCA: SACRAMENTO AREA FLOOD CONTROL AGENCYSSJDD:SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT 3000+00
A-#
01"=200'100200SCALE:
O & M RIGHT OF WAY MAPROBLA ARCADE BASIN
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 5
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 3
APN 226-0050-036CITY OF SACRAMENTO
APN 226-0050-042SAFCA20050906-OR-1763
APN 226-0050-046SAFCA20060111-OR-1144APN 226-0050-044SAFCA20051025-OR-0752
ROBLA CREEK
KELTON WAY
APN 226-0070-055CITY OF SACRAMENTO
6010+00
6020+00
6030+00SUMATRA DRIVECAPPUCINO WAY
PINEDALE AVE
APN 226-0050-052CITY OF SACRAMENTO
APN 226-0070-063SAFCA20000912-OR-1062
APN 226-0050-049PW FUND B LP
APN 226-0050-050PW FUND B LP
APN 226-0050-051PW FUND B LP
APN 226-0050-043POWER PLUS LLC
APN 226-0050-047PELL STREETPROPERTIES LP
APN 226-0070-06 20000912-OR-1 C-1
D-5
D-4
D-3
D-1
D-2
LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 2837-OR-401(DWR PCL 01926) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 2780-OR-57(DWR PCL 01807)
EXHIBIT 'A'
Plotted: Dec/17/2024 1:56 PM | By: Manrique.JarquinDWG: P:\SAFCA\6SAF022000\SURVEY\DWG\Task 2672 NSSG\Robla Arcade\Robla Arcade O&M ROW.dwg CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTODJFSTATE OF CALIFORNIA5141" = 200'BWHDATE:DRWN. BY:SCALE:SHEET OF CHK. BY:(916) 788-8122 (916) 788-0600 (FAX)Roseville, CA 956611410 Rocky Ridge Drive, Suite 30012/17/2024 01"=200'100200SCALE:
O & M RIGHT OF WAY MAPROBLA ARCADE BASIN
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 6
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 4
LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE) 10' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)20' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)PARCEL LINEEXISTING SSJDD EASEMENTEXISTING SSJDD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA FEE TITLEEXISTING ARFCD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA EASEMENTPENDING SAFCA ACQUISITION LEGEND
FLOOD WALLBASELINE / TOP CENTERLINE OF LEVEEPARCEL No. (SEE SEPARATE PARCEL LIST)APN:ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBERARFCD:AMERICAN RIVER FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTDWR:CALIFORNIA DEPT OF WATER RESOURCESNEMDC:NATOMAS EAST MAIN DRAINAGE CANALOR: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF SACRAMENTO COUNTYPCL:PARCELSAFCA: SACRAMENTO AREA FLOOD CONTROL AGENCYSSJDD:SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT 3000+00
A-#
APN 237-0021-003RECLAMATIONDISTRICT 1000
APN 226-0050-04420051025-OR-0752
APN 226-0050-044SAFCA20051025-OR-0752
APN 237-0250-011WESTERN PACIFICRAILROAD CO
APN 226-0280-015WESTERN PACIFICRAILROAD COAPN 226-0280-013WESTERN PACIFICRAILROAD CO
ROBLA CREEK
NEMDC
E. LEVEE ROAD
DEL PASO ROADMAIN AVENUE
E. LEVEE ROADNORTHGATE BLVD.
NEMDC
CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTO
APN 226-0280-012WESTERN PACIFICRAILROAD CO6000+00
3170+00
3180+00
3190+00
3192+02
APN 226-0050-047
APN 226-0050-052CITY OF SACRAMENTO
APN 226-0050-045EBARA TECHNOLOGIES INC
APN 237-0480-001SHAW
APN 237-0022-088HOFMANN HOLDINGS LP
APN 237-0022-089KOJENOVA
APN 237-0021-002RECLAMATION DISTRICT 1000APN 237-0012-013NORTHGATE GPRV PARTNERS 18 LLC APN 237-0012-012NORTHGATE 2 GPRV PARTNERS 34 LLC
APN 226-0280-018RECLAMATION DISTRICT 1000
APN 226-0280-019RECLAMATION DISTRICT 1000
APN 226-0280-005WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO
OVA, TATIANA A
APN 237-0250-012WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO
APN 237-0250-005WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO
APN 226-0280-016WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD COE-4
E-3E-2
E-1
E-5
LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 2837-OR-401(DWR PCL 01926) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 367-OR-26(DWR PCL 02062_09) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 371-OR-395(DWR PCL 02062_11) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 372-OR-422(DWR PCL 02062_12) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 367-OR-24(DWR PCL 02062_10) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 3082-OR-153(DWR PCL 02047_03) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 3092-OR-153(DWR PCL 02047_02) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 3082-OR-153(DWR PCL 02047_06)
EXHIBIT 'A'
Plotted: Dec/17/2024 1:56 PM | By: Manrique.JarquinDWG: P:\SAFCA\6SAF022000\SURVEY\DWG\Task 2672 NSSG\Robla Arcade\Robla Arcade O&M ROW.dwg CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTODJFSTATE OF CALIFORNIA6141" = 200'BWHDATE:DRWN. BY:SCALE:SHEET OF CHK. BY:(916) 788-8122 (916) 788-0600 (FAX)Roseville, CA 956611410 Rocky Ridge Drive, Suite 30012/17/2024 LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE) 10' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)20' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)PARCEL LINEEXISTING SSJDD EASEMENTEXISTING SSJDD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA FEE TITLEEXISTING ARFCD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA EASEMENTPENDING SAFCA ACQUISITION LEGEND
FLOOD WALLBASELINE / TOP CENTERLINE OF LEVEEPARCEL No. (SEE SEPARATE PARCEL LIST)APN:ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBERARFCD:AMERICAN RIVER FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTDWR:CALIFORNIA DEPT OF WATER RESOURCESNEMDC:NATOMAS EAST MAIN DRAINAGE CANALOR: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF SACRAMENTO COUNTYPCL:PARCELSAFCA: SACRAMENTO AREA FLOOD CONTROL AGENCYSSJDD:SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT 3000+00
A-#
0 1"=200'
100200
SCALE:
O & M RIGHT OF WAY MAPROBLA ARCADE BASIN
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 7
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 5
APN 237-0031-037RECLAMATIONDISTRICT 1000
NORTHGATE BLVD.NEMDC
PELL DRIVE
CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTO
PELL DRIVE
3140+00
3150+00
3160+00
APN 237-0031-038RECLAMATION DISTRICT 1000
APN 237-0031-057LTFS INVESTORS LLC
APN 237-0031-051SHURGARD CALIFORNIA PROPERTIES LLC
APN 237-0022-090KOJENOVA, TATIANA A
APN 237-0022-073BLUE BELL ENTERPRISES LLCAPN 237-0022-072JB COMPANY MANAGEMENT LP APN 237-0022-081JB COMPANY MANAGEMENT LP
APN 237-0400-026BIXBY PELL LLC
APN 237-0400-027GASKIN PROPERTIES SACRAMENTO LLC
APN 237-0400-014TCCA 4161 PELL DR LLC
APN 237-0250-005WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO
APN 237-0031-036CITY OF SACRAMENTO
F-1
LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 367-OR-26(DWR PCL 02062_09) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 3082-OR-153(DWR PCL 02047_03) PCL 02047_03)
LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 3082-OR-153(DWR PCL 02047_06) 1 EXHIBIT 'A'
Plotted: Dec/17/2024 1:56 PM | By: Manrique.JarquinDWG: P:\SAFCA\6SAF022000\SURVEY\DWG\Task 2672 NSSG\Robla Arcade\Robla Arcade O&M ROW.dwg CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTODJFSTATE OF CALIFORNIA7141" = 200'BWHDATE:DRWN. BY:SCALE:SHEET OF CHK. BY:(916) 788-8122 (916) 788-0600 (FAX)Roseville, CA 956611410 Rocky Ridge Drive, Suite 30012/17/2024 LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE) 10' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)20' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)PARCEL LINEEXISTING SSJDD EASEMENTEXISTING SSJDD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA FEE TITLEEXISTING ARFCD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA EASEMENTPENDING SAFCA ACQUISITION LEGEND
FLOOD WALLBASELINE / TOP CENTERLINE OF LEVEEPARCEL No. (SEE SEPARATE PARCEL LIST)APN:ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBERARFCD:AMERICAN RIVER FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTDWR:CALIFORNIA DEPT OF WATER RESOURCESNEMDC:NATOMAS EAST MAIN DRAINAGE CANALOR: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF SACRAMENTO COUNTYPCL:PARCELSAFCA: SACRAMENTO AREA FLOOD CONTROL AGENCYSSJDD:SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT 3000+00
A-#
01"=200'100200
SCALE:
O & M RIGHT OF WAY MAPROBLA ARCADE BASIN
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 8
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 6
RESERVATION OF ESMT FOR FLOOD CONTROL IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 930723-OR-0806FLOOD CONTROL RIGHTS:1 APN 237-0031-017CITY OF SACRAMENTO
APN 250-0360-027SAFCAAPN 250-0351-014CITY OF SACRAMENTO NEMDC
INTERSTATE HWY 80
WESTERN AVENUE
MOREY AVE.
MORRISON AVE.
3110+00
3120+00
3130+00
TCCA 4161 P APN 237-0400-013LIFE STORAGE LPAPN 237-0031-057LTFS INVESTORS LLCAPN 237-0031-038RECLAMATION DISTRICT 1000APN 237-0250-005WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD COAPN 237-0031-036CITY OF SACRAMENTO APN 250-0360-011RECLAMATION DISTRICT 1000
APN 250-0360-026STATE OF CALIFORNIA
APN 250-0360-014INNOVAGE CA PACESACRAMENTO LLC
APN 250-0360-015CONRAD, ETHAN
APN 250-0360-028 851E HAMILTON ASSOCIATES LLC
APN 250-0360-017SCHWAGERDEVELOPMENT LLC
APN 250-0360-018SCHWAGERDEVELOPMENT LLC
APN 250-0270-001WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO
APN 250-0351-008TYLER ANTHONY VASQUEZ TRUSTAPN 250-0351-015SSJDD APN 237-0031-002RECLAMATION DISTRICT 1000
APN 250-0360-001RECLAMATION DISTRICT 1000
APN 237-0031-003CITY OF SACRAMENTOAPN 237-0031-004CITY OF SACRAMENTO G-1
LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 3082-OR-153(DWR PCL 02047_06) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 367-OR-26(DWR PCL 02062_09)LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 3082-OR-153(DWR PCL 02047_03) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 3082-OR-153(DWR PCL 02047_05) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 367-OR-33(DWR PCL 02062_08) 2 1
43 3
EXHIBIT 'A'
Plotted: Dec/17/2024 1:57 PM | By: Manrique.JarquinDWG: P:\SAFCA\6SAF022000\SURVEY\DWG\Task 2672 NSSG\Robla Arcade\Robla Arcade O&M ROW.dwg CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTODJFSTATE OF CALIFORNIA8141" = 200'BWHDATE:DRWN. BY:SCALE:SHEET OF CHK. BY:(916) 788-8122 (916) 788-0600 (FAX)Roseville, CA 956611410 Rocky Ridge Drive, Suite 30012/17/2024 LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE) 10' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)20' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)PARCEL LINEEXISTING SSJDD EASEMENTEXISTING SSJDD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA FEE TITLEEXISTING ARFCD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA EASEMENTPENDING SAFCA ACQUISITION LEGENDFLOOD WALLBASELINE / TOP CENTERLINE OF LEVEEPARCEL No. (SEE SEPARATE PARCEL LIST)APN:ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBERARFCD:AMERICAN RIVER FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTDWR:CALIFORNIA DEPT OF WATER RESOURCESNEMDC:NATOMAS EAST MAIN DRAINAGE CANALOR: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF SACRAMENTO COUNTYPCL:PARCELSAFCA: SACRAMENTO AREA FLOOD CONTROL AGENCYSSJDD:SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT 3000+00A-#
01"=200'100200
SCALE:
O & M RIGHT OF WAY MAPROBLA ARCADE BASIN
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 9
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 7
FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2935-OR-534 (DWR PCL 02021_A)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 2674-OR-369 (DWR PCL 01671)RESERVATION OF ESMT FOR FLOOD CONTROL IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 930723-OR-0806JOINT USE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS & SSJDD PER661014-OR-508 (DWR PCL 01588CA) FLOOD CONTROL RIGHTS:1234
NEMDC
E. LEVEE ROAD
SILVER EAGLE ROAD
WESTERN AVENUE
WESTERN AVENUE
SAN JUAN ROAD
FORD ROAD
SOUTH AVE
FAIRBANKS AVE.
3080+00
3090+00
3100+00
APN 250-0240-053YUDANOV
APN 250-0171-001RECLAMATION DISTRICT 1000
APN 250-0121-009RECLAMATION DISTRICT 1000
APN 250-0360-001WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO
APN 250-0172-026CITY OF SACRAMENTO
APN 250-0122-013GANGL
APN 263-0260-016RECLAMATION DISTRICT 1000
APN 250-0121-052NATOMAS ESTATES MHC LP
APN 250-0160-040SAFCA
APN250-0240-082CLARK
APN250-0121-028SAFCA
APN 250-0270-001WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD COAPN 250-0270-002WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO H-1
LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 3082-OR-153(DWR PCL 02047_05)LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 358-OR-477(DWR PCL 02062_07) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 367-OR-33(DWR PCL 02062_08) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 3082-OR-153(DWR PCL 02047_06)
EXHIBIT 'A'
Plotted: Dec/17/2024 1:57 PM | By: Manrique.JarquinDWG: P:\SAFCA\6SAF022000\SURVEY\DWG\Task 2672 NSSG\Robla Arcade\Robla Arcade O&M ROW.dwg CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTODJFSTATE OF CALIFORNIA9141" = 200'BWHDATE:DRWN. BY:SCALE:SHEET OF CHK. BY:(916) 788-8122 (916) 788-0600 (FAX)Roseville, CA 956611410 Rocky Ridge Drive, Suite 30012/17/2024 LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE) 10' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)20' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)PARCEL LINEEXISTING SSJDD EASEMENTEXISTING SSJDD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA FEE TITLEEXISTING ARFCD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA EASEMENTPENDING SAFCA ACQUISITION LEGEND
FLOOD WALLBASELINE / TOP CENTERLINE OF LEVEEPARCEL No. (SEE SEPARATE PARCEL LIST)APN:ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBERARFCD:AMERICAN RIVER FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTDWR:CALIFORNIA DEPT OF WATER RESOURCESNEMDC:NATOMAS EAST MAIN DRAINAGE CANALOR: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF SACRAMENTO COUNTYPCL:PARCELSAFCA: SACRAMENTO AREA FLOOD CONTROL AGENCYSSJDD:SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT 3000+00
A-#
01"=200'100200
SCALE:
O & M RIGHT OF WAY MAPROBLA ARCADE BASIN
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 10
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 8
APN 263-0260-021WESTERN PACIFICRAILROAD CO
APN 263-0331-001CITY OF SACRAMENTO
ARCADE CREEK
NEMDCNATOMAS STREET
OLMSTEAD DRIVE
ARCADE BLVD.
WESTERN AVENUE
SCOLES CT.
FAIRBANKS AVE.
3055+54
3060+00
3070+00APN 263-0321-018COUNTY OF SACRAMENTO
APN 263-0260-008WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO
APN 263-0010-037ARFCD
APN 263-0260-007WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO
APN 263-0010-034SSJDD2765-OR-2765CITY OF SACRAMENTOAPN 263-0010-035 APN 263-0260-016RECLAMATION DISTRICT 1000APN 263-0260-003WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO APN 263-0260-002WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD COAPN 263-0260-001WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO APN 263-0260-004WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD COI-1
I-2
5000+75
5010+00
LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 3082-OR-153(DWR PCL 02047_05)LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 372-OR-276(DWR PCL 02062_06) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 367-OR-39(DWR PCL 02062_05) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 367-OR-8(DWR PCL 02062_04) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 367-OR-35(DWR PCL 02062_03) LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 3082-OR-153(DWR PCL 02047_06) 1 234
EXHIBIT 'A'
Plotted: Dec/17/2024 1:57 PM | By: Manrique.JarquinDWG: P:\SAFCA\6SAF022000\SURVEY\DWG\Task 2672 NSSG\Robla Arcade\Robla Arcade O&M ROW.dwg CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTODJFSTATE OF CALIFORNIA10141" = 200'BWHDATE:DRWN. BY:SCALE:SHEET OF CHK. BY:(916) 788-8122 (916) 788-0600 (FAX)Roseville, CA 956611410 Rocky Ridge Drive, Suite 30012/17/2024 LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE) 10' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)20' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)PARCEL LINEEXISTING SSJDD EASEMENTEXISTING SSJDD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA FEE TITLEEXISTING ARFCD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA EASEMENTPENDING SAFCA ACQUISITION LEGEND
FLOOD WALLBASELINE / TOP CENTERLINE OF LEVEEPARCEL No. (SEE SEPARATE PARCEL LIST)APN:ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBERARFCD:AMERICAN RIVER FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTDWR:CALIFORNIA DEPT OF WATER RESOURCESNEMDC:NATOMAS EAST MAIN DRAINAGE CANALOR: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF SACRAMENTO COUNTYPCL:PARCELSAFCA: SACRAMENTO AREA FLOOD CONTROL AGENCYSSJDD:SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT 3000+00
A-#
01"=200'100200SCALE:
O & M RIGHT OF WAY MAPROBLA ARCADE BASIN
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 11
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 9
LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 3082-OR-153 (DWR PCL 02047_01)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 740114-OR-234 (DWR PCL 10348)LICENSE FOR CROSSING OVER CENTERLINE OF RAILROAD MAIN TRACK IN FAVOROF SSJDD PER 700721-OR-255 (DWR PCL 01673CA)RESERVATION OF LEVEE ESMT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 930723-OR-0806 FLOOD CONTROL RIGHTS:1234
ARCADE CREEK
OLMSTEAD DRIVE
ARCADE BLVD.
NORWOOD AVENUE
FAIRBANKS AVENUE
ARCADE BLVD.
MSTEAD DRIVE
1 4APN 263-0010-018CITY OF SACRAMENTO
32 APN 263-0010-043SAFCAAPN 226-0061-030
APN 263-0010-037ARFCD
APN 263-0010-007CITY OF SACRAMENTOAPN 226-0061-031SSJDD2718-OR-278APN 263-0010-009ARFCD APN 263-0010-006ARFCD
APN 263-0010-006ARFCD
APN 263-001 CITY OF SACRA
CITY OF SACRAMENTO
APN 263-0010-035
APN 263-0010-034SSJDD2765-OR-524
APN 263-0010-034
SSJDD2765-OR-524
SSJDD2719-OR-379
J-1
5010+00
5020+00
5030+00
5040+00
4 EXHIBIT 'A'
Plotted: Dec/17/2024 1:57 PM | By: Manrique.JarquinDWG: P:\SAFCA\6SAF022000\SURVEY\DWG\Task 2672 NSSG\Robla Arcade\Robla Arcade O&M ROW.dwg CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTODJFSTATE OF CALIFORNIA11141" = 200'BWHDATE:DRWN. BY:SCALE:SHEET OF CHK. BY:(916) 788-8122 (916) 788-0600 (FAX)Roseville, CA 956611410 Rocky Ridge Drive, Suite 30012/17/2024 LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE) 10' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)20' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)PARCEL LINEEXISTING SSJDD EASEMENTEXISTING SSJDD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA FEE TITLEEXISTING ARFCD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA EASEMENTPENDING SAFCA ACQUISITION LEGEND
FLOOD WALLBASELINE / TOP CENTERLINE OF LEVEEPARCEL No. (SEE SEPARATE PARCEL LIST)APN:ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBERARFCD:AMERICAN RIVER FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTDWR:CALIFORNIA DEPT OF WATER RESOURCESNEMDC:NATOMAS EAST MAIN DRAINAGE CANALOR: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF SACRAMENTO COUNTYPCL:PARCELSAFCA: SACRAMENTO AREA FLOOD CONTROL AGENCYSSJDD:SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT 3000+00
A-#
01"=200'100200SCALE: O & M RIGHT OF WAY MAPROBLA ARCADE BASIN MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 12
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 10
FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 940621-OR-1535 (APN 263-0010-029)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 950517-OR-128FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 20100125-OR-0584RESERVATION OF ESMT FOR FLOOD CONTROL IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER930723-OR-0806 FLOOD CONTROL RIGHTS:1234
ARCADE CREEK
FAIRBANKS AVENUE
RIO LINDA BLVD.
CARROLL AVENUE
ARCADE BLVD.
ARCADE BLVD.
CKYPRESS ST.
RIVERA DRIVE
ALTOS AVENUE
AUNTINE BURNEY ST.
TAYLOR STREET
APN 250-0010-013SSJDD2718-OR-278
APN 250-0010-014ARFCD
APN 263-0010-008SSJDD
APN 250-0480-024SAFCA20061129-OR-0362
BLVD.ARCADE
ARCADE BLVD
APN 250-0270-012UNTION PACIFIC RAILROAD
FAIRBANKS AVE
APN 250-0260-003SSJDD2685-OR-309APN 250-0260-022SANCHEZ
F SACRAMENTO
APN 263-0010-008SSJDD2718-OR-278APN 263-0010-009ARFCD
APN 263-0010-007CITY OF SACRAMENTO
APN 263-0010-016ARFCDAPN 263-0010-015SSJDD2718-OR-278
APN 251-0291-011ARFCD
APN 251-0292-009ARFCD
APN 251-0291-015SMITH
APN 250-0260-016HAMDANI
APN 250-0270-009CITY OF SACRAMENTOAPN 251-0291-018SSJDD K-1
K-2K-3
K-5K-6K-7K-8K-9L-1
K-4
5050+00
5060+00
5070+00
1098
12 3
4 6
7 5
11 12
131415
16 EXHIBIT 'A'
Plotted: Dec/17/2024 1:57 PM | By: Manrique.JarquinDWG: P:\SAFCA\6SAF022000\SURVEY\DWG\Task 2672 NSSG\Robla Arcade\Robla Arcade O&M ROW.dwg CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTODJFSTATE OF CALIFORNIA12141" = 200'BWHDATE:DRWN. BY:SCALE:SHEET OF CHK. BY:(916) 788-8122 (916) 788-0600 (FAX)Roseville, CA 956611410 Rocky Ridge Drive, Suite 30012/17/2024 LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE) 10' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)20' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)PARCEL LINEEXISTING SSJDD EASEMENTEXISTING SSJDD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA FEE TITLEEXISTING ARFCD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA EASEMENTPENDING SAFCA ACQUISITION LEGEND
FLOOD WALLBASELINE / TOP CENTERLINE OF LEVEEPARCEL No. (SEE SEPARATE PARCEL LIST)APN:ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBERARFCD:AMERICAN RIVER FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTDWR:CALIFORNIA DEPT OF WATER RESOURCESNEMDC:NATOMAS EAST MAIN DRAINAGE CANALOR: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF SACRAMENTO COUNTYPCL:PARCELSAFCA: SACRAMENTO AREA FLOOD CONTROL AGENCYSSJDD:SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT 3000+00
A-#
01"=200'100200SCALE: O & M RIGHT OF WAY MAPROBLA ARCADE BASIN MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 11
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 13FLOOD CONTROL RIGHTS:12345
LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 3189-OR-635 (DWR PCL 02563_02)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 731023-OR-0618 (DWR PCL 10349A)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 3189-OR-635 (DWR PCL 02563_01)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 277-OR-308 (DWR PCL 10356)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 511-OR-153 (DWR PCL 00342_30)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 439-OR-427 (DWR PCL 00342_29)AGREEMENT BETWEEN SACRAMENTO NORTHERN RAILWAY & SSJDD FOR CROSSINGOVER CENTERLINE OF MAIN TRACK PER 700728-OR-0369 (DWR PCL 01674CA_A)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2695-OR-59 (DWR PCL 01714)678 910111213
FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2685-OR-95 (DWR PCL 01710_01)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2685-OR-95 (DWR PCL 01710_02)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 950525-OR-0143 (APN 250-0260-023)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 199612061050-OR (APN 251-0292-034)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 199609200201-OR (APN 250-0292-027)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 199608280651-OR (APN 251-0292-026)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 199611211215-OR (APN 251-0292-032)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SAFCA PER DOC# 2024-03070860-OR141516 RIVERA DRIVEARCADE BLVD.
DIAMOND
RIVERA DRIVE
BELDEN ST.
APN 251-0301-038SSJDD
APN 251-0311-007SSJDD
APN 251-0260-006SSJDDAVE
BLVD
CREEK
ALVARDOBLVD
SENDORO ST.
BELDEN ST.
MAY ST.
BRANCH ST.
CKYPRESS ST.
APN 251-0311-034SSJDD
APN 251-0301-028SSJDDARCADE
APN 251-0301-010ARFCD
APN 251-0311-033ARFCD
APN 251-0321-012ARFCD
APN 251-0260-011CITY OF SACRAMENTO
L-1L-2L-3L-4L-5L-6L-8L-10L-11L-12L-13L-14L-15L-16L-17L-18L-19L-20L-21L-22L-23L-24L-25L-26L-27L-28L-31L-32L-33L-34L-35L-37L-38L-39L-40L-41 L-9L-7
L-29L-30
L-36
L-42L-43L-44L-45L-46
L-47
5080+00
5090+00
5100+00
19181716151413
121110
232425
293032
33 3839
2122
262728
353637
31 34
20 LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 2755-OR-191(DWR PCL 01871)LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 439-OR-338(DWR PCL 00342_20) 1 6789
51525354
47484950
2345
40414243444546
55 56
57 EXHIBIT 'A'
Plotted: Dec/17/2024 1:57 PM | By: Manrique.JarquinDWG: P:\SAFCA\6SAF022000\SURVEY\DWG\Task 2672 NSSG\Robla Arcade\Robla Arcade O&M ROW.dwg CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTODJFSTATE OF CALIFORNIA13141" = 200'BWHDATE:DRWN. BY:SCALE:SHEET OF CHK. BY:(916) 788-8122 (916) 788-0600 (FAX)Roseville, CA 956611410 Rocky Ridge Drive, Suite 30012/17/2024 LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE) 10' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)20' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)PARCEL LINEEXISTING SSJDD EASEMENTEXISTING SSJDD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA FEE TITLEEXISTING ARFCD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA EASEMENTPENDING SAFCA ACQUISITION LEGEND
FLOOD WALLBASELINE / TOP CENTERLINE OF LEVEEPARCEL No. (SEE SEPARATE PARCEL LIST)APN:ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBERARFCD:AMERICAN RIVER FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTDWR:CALIFORNIA DEPT OF WATER RESOURCESNEMDC:NATOMAS EAST MAIN DRAINAGE CANALOR: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF SACRAMENTO COUNTYPCL:PARCELSAFCA: SACRAMENTO AREA FLOOD CONTROL AGENCYSSJDD:SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT 3000+00
A-#
0 1"=200'100200SCALE: O & M RIGHT OF WAY MAPROBLA ARCADE BASIN FLOOD CONTROL RIGHTS:12345 MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 12
MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 14
6789
LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 2674-OR-369 (DWR PCL 01671)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 420-OR-163 (DWR PCL 00342_21)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 420-OR-444 (DWR PCL 00342_22)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 420-OR-208 (DWR PCL 00342_23)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 420-OR-315 (DWR PCL 00342_24)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 420-OR-261 (DWR PCL 00342_25)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 420-OR-178 (DWR PCL 00342_26)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 420-OR-302 (DWR PCL 00342_27)LEVEE EASEMENT IN FAVOR OF SSJDD PER 3295-OR-150 (DWR PCL 02200_04_2)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2679-OR-12 (DWR PCL 01805)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2674-OR-369 (DWR PCL 01671)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2685-OR-102 (DWR PCL 01709)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2616-OR-219 (DWR PCL 01632)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2665-OR-297 (DWR PCL 01675)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2683-OR-451 (DWR PCL 01708)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2673-OR-475 (DWR PCL 01712)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2683-OR-571 (DWR PCL 01749)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2777-OR-6 (DWR PCL 01811)101112131514 19202122232425262728293033343536
3839404142434445
16 3132
4647
1718
FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2716-OR-434 (DWR PCL 01751)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2792-OR-544 (DWR PCL 01833)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2834-OR-324 (DWR PCL 01888)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2722-OR-272 (DWR PCL 01748)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2685-OR-313 (DWR PCL 01711)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2666-OR-208 (DWR PCL 01672)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2706-OR-44 (DWR PCL 01728)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2679-OR-404 (DWR PCL 01677)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2669-OR-35 (DWR PCL 01665)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2665-OR-301 (DWR PCL 01673)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2620-OR-569 (DWR PCL 01635)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2524-OR-340 (DWR PCL 01605)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2571-OR-510 (DWR PCL 01747)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2676-OR-583 (DWR PCL 01679)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2665-OR-306 (DWR PCL 01674)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2688-OR-574 (DWR PCL 01722)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2647-OR-216 (DWR PCL 01750)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2709-OR-350 (DWR PCL 01752)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2571-OR-513 (DWR PCL 01620) 48495051525354
FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2678-OR-325 (DWR PCL 01678)FEE TITLE TO SSJDD PER 2909-OR-462 (DWR PCL 01958)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 20000508-OR-1139 (APN 251-0292-037)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 20000929-OR-0019 (APN 251-0292-038)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER DOC# 199611050345-OR (APN 251-0292-030)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER DOC# 199611201026-OR (APN 251-0301-042)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER DOC# 20010917-OR-1050 (APN 251-0301-046)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER DOC# 199703260634-OR (APN 251-0301-045)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 19950425-OR-1196 (APN 251-0301-041)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER DOC# 199612100012-OR (PCL 1) (APN 251-0311-074)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER DOC# 199612091628-OR (APN 251-0311-075)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER DOC# 199612100012-OR (PCL 2) (APN 251-0311-076)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER DOC# 199610160054-OR (APN 251-0311-069)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER DOC# 199608281077-OR (APN 251-0311-066)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER 20010913-OR-1326 (APN 251-0311-079)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER DOC# 199703271019-OR (APN 251-0311-077)FEE TITLE TO SAFCA PER DOC# 199609090029-OR (APN 251-0311-067)LEVEE EASEMENT TO SAFCA PER DOC# 202403070861-ORLEVEE EASMENT TO SAFCA PER DOC# 202403070858-OR55 3756
ARCADE CREEK
MARYSVILLE BLVD.
APN 251-0260-011CITY OF SACRAMENTOAPN 251-0321-012ARFCD5110+00 5112+28
LEVEE EASEMENTIN FAVOR OF SSJDDPER 439-OR-338(DWR PCL 00342_20)LEVEE EASEMENT INFAVOR OF SAFCA PERDOC# 202403070860-OR
EXHIBIT 'A'
Plotted: Dec/17/2024 1:57 PM | By: Manrique.JarquinDWG: P:\SAFCA\6SAF022000\SURVEY\DWG\Task 2672 NSSG\Robla Arcade\Robla Arcade O&M ROW.dwg CITY OF SACRAMENTOCOUNTY OF SACRAMENTODJFSTATE OF CALIFORNIA14141" = 200'BWHDATE:DRWN. BY:SCALE:SHEET OF CHK. BY:(916) 788-8122 (916) 788-0600 (FAX)Roseville, CA 956611410 Rocky Ridge Drive, Suite 30012/17/2024 LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE) 10' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)20' OFFSET LEVEE TOE (LANDSIDE)PARCEL LINEEXISTING SSJDD EASEMENTEXISTING SSJDD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA FEE TITLEEXISTING ARFCD FEE TITLEEXISTING SAFCA EASEMENTPENDING SAFCA ACQUISITION LEGEND
FLOOD WALLBASELINE / TOP CENTERLINE OF LEVEEPARCEL No. (SEE SEPARATE PARCEL LIST)APN:ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBERARFCD:AMERICAN RIVER FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTDWR:CALIFORNIA DEPT OF WATER RESOURCESNEMDC:NATOMAS EAST MAIN DRAINAGE CANALOR: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF SACRAMENTO COUNTYPCL:PARCELSAFCA: SACRAMENTO AREA FLOOD CONTROL AGENCYSSJDD:SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT 3000+00
A-#
01"=200'100200SCALE: O & M RIGHT OF WAY MAPROBLA ARCADE BASIN MATCHLINE - SEE SHEET 13
Appendix H.
Robla-Arcade Levee System
ULDC-FEMA Civil Report - Mead &
Hunt
ROBLA-ARCADE LEVEE SYSTEM
Due Diligence Review for ULDC &
FEMA Certification
FINAL
P R E P A R E D
BY
Sacramento Area Levee Certification, Phase 3
Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency (SAFCA)
PROJECT NUMBER R1941500-120265.09
November 15, 2024
November 15, 2024
PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK
i
CONTENTS
1. Background and Purpose, Need and Scope, and Report Organization ........... 1
1.1 Background and Purpose ................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Need and Scope ................................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Report Organization ........................................................................................................... 3
2. ULDC Section 7.12: Encroachments ............................................................... 4
2.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Criteria ................................................................................................................................ 4
2.2.1 ULDC Criteria ...................................................................................................... 4
2.2.2 USACE Criteria .................................................................................................... 4
2.2.3 CVFPB Criteria .................................................................................................... 5
2.2.4 FEMA Criteria ...................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 5
2.4 Results ................................................................................................................................ 6
2.5 Due Diligence Review; ULDC and FEMA Compliance ...................................................... 6
3. ULDC Section 7.13: Penetrations .................................................................... 7
3.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................. 7
3.2 Criteria ................................................................................................................................ 7
3.3 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 8
3.4 Results ................................................................................................................................ 8
3.5 Due Diligence Review; ULDC and FEMA Compliance ...................................................... 8
4. ULDC Section 7.14: Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures ...... 9
4.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................. 9
4.2 Criteria ................................................................................................................................ 9
4.3 Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 10
4.4 Results .............................................................................................................................. 10
4.4.1 Analysis Results ................................................................................................ 11
4.4.2 Condition Assessment Results .......................................................................... 11
4.5 Due Diligence Review; ULDC and FEMA Compliance .................................................... 12
5. ULDC Section 7.17: Wind Setup and Wave Runup ....................................... 13
5.1 Scope of Analysis ............................................................................................................. 13
5.2 Results .............................................................................................................................. 13
ii
CONTENTS 5.3 Due Diligence Review and ULDC Compliance ................................................................ 13
6. ULDC Section 7.20: Operations and Maintenance Manuals ......................... 14
6.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................ 14
6.2 Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 14
6.3 Results .............................................................................................................................. 14
6.4 Due Diligence Review and ULDC Compliance ................................................................ 14
7. Conclusions, Recommendations, and Limitations ......................................... 15
7.1 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 15
7.1.1 Encroachments .................................................................................................. 15
7.1.2 Penetrations ....................................................................................................... 15
7.1.3 Floodwalls, Retaining Walls and Closure Structures ......................................... 15
7.1.4 Wind Setup and Wave Runup ........................................................................... 15
7.1.5 Operation and Maintenance Manuals ................................................................ 15
7.2 Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 16
7.3 Limitations ......................................................................................................................... 16
8. References .................................................................................................... 17
EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT 1. SAFCA Levee Basin Map
EXHIBIT 2A. Map Summary of Encroachments
EXHIBIT 2B. Map Summary of Penetrations and Associated Structures EXHIBIT 2C. Map Summary of Closure Structures, Retaining Walls, and Floodwalls EXHIBIT 3A1. Table Summary of Encroachments (non-linear) EXHIBIT 3A2. Table Summary of Linear Encroachments
EXHIBIT 3B. Table Summary of Penetrations and Associated Structures EXHIBIT 3C. Table Summary of Closure Structures, Retaining Walls, and Floodwalls
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A. Penetration Evaluation Technical Memorandum APPENDIX B. Penetration Exceptions Work Plan Technical Memorandum APPENDIX C. Exception for the UPRR Stoplog Operation Schedule APPENDIX D. RALS Wind Setup and Wave Runup Analysis
APPENDIX E. Additional RALS Documentation
1 1.1 Background and Purpose
This report is part of the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency’s (SAFCA) due diligence review for compliance with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Urban Levee Design Criteria (ULDC) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) regulations as cited in the Code of Federal Regulations in Title 44, Chapter 1, Section 65.10 (44 CFR 65.10) for the Robla-Arcade Levee System (RALS), prepared in response to the regulatory requirements of ULDC. Preparation of this report entailed gathering information related to the RALS, including design and as-built data, geotechnical data, data from the maintaining agencies regarding closure structures, retaining walls, floodwalls, and penetrations through the levee, and conducting necessary visual observations/inspections/analysis. The data has been evaluated to determine if any segments of the RALS do not meet ULDC criteria.
Senate Bill 5 (2007) required the California DWR develop a set of urban levee design criteria that would be applied to all levees which provide an urban level of protection. In May of 2012 , the ULDC Criteria was finalized. Since the RALS protects an urban population, these ULDC criteria were used to assess the levee’s compliance and SAFCA’s due diligence.
Mead & Hunt is a member of SAFCA’s consultant team and is responsible for the following components to determine ULDC compliance and due diligence:
1) ULDC Section 7.12 – Levee encroachment data collection and evaluation criteria 2) ULDC Section 7.13 – Levee penetrations analysis and condition assessment 3) ULDC Section 7.14 – Floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures structural analysis and condition assessment
4) ULDC Section 7.17 – Wind setup and wave runup analysis 5) ULDC Section 7.20 – Operations and Maintenance (O&M) manual review
The purpose of this report is to present the study objectives, criteria, assumptions, study methodology , results for the above components, and their respective determination as it pertains to ULDC compliance.
This report is a supplement to previously completed reporting regarding encroachments, penetrations, floodwalls, closure structures, retaining walls, wind setup and wave runup, and O&M manuals. The previous Mead & Hunt Certification Report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015) was used as a reference for this report.
1.2 Need and Scope
SAFCA’s objective is to provide the Sacramento region with increased flood protection. The flood protection features under SAFCA’s jurisdiction are broadly categorized under the following groups – Natomas Levees, North Sacramento Streams Levees, American River Levees, Sacramento River Levees South of Confluence, South Sacramento Streams Group Levees, and Folsom Dam Auxiliary Spillway (see Exhibit 1). SAFCA’s ULDC and FEMA certification efforts have been divided into five basins, as shown in Exhibit 1. The RALS is located in the North Sacramento Streams group.
2 In order to maintain continuous accreditation of the affected levees and to identify what actions, if any, are required to meet the State’s ULDC 200-year level of flood protection requirements, SAFCA has undertaken this evaluation. Mead & Hunt has performed the following activities that pertain to the RALS ULDC efforts (referenced in Section 1.1):
• In 2014, Mead & Hunt developed an Encroachment White Paper, which considered criteria from ULDC, FEMA, and USACE. This white paper was used as a basis for the analysis and reporting of encroachments, as supported by this effort. The white paper is documented in (SAFCA Sacramento FEMA Certification White Paper for Addressing Encroachments, 2014) . • In 2015 Mead & Hunt reported on encroachments, penetrations, floodwalls, retaining walls, closure structures, wind setup and wave runup analysis, and O&M manual review as part of SAFCA’s previous FEMA Certification efforts for multiple levee systems, of which RALS was included. That effort is documented in (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). • A visual inspection of the RALS was conducted in December 2023 and levee encroachments, penetrations, floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures database information were assessed and revised accordingly. As discussed in this report, applicable analyses and assessments were conducted.
• Review of available data and reports, field observations, supplemental inspection reports, revised design water surface elevation data, and updated top-of-levee surveys. • Review of the pipe condition inspection programs with facility owners, including:
o City of Sacramento, Department of Utilities – Stormwater and Sewer o City Of Sacramento, Department of Utilities – Water
o Sac Sewer (Sacramento Regional Sanitation District/Sacramento Area Sewer District) o PG&E natural gas
• Review of annual trial exercise of emergency closure gate programs with the City stormwater and wastewater operations staff.
• Penetration assessment screening and analysis completed as part of this certification effort included using the previous methodology documented in (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015) and is further documented in Appendix A. The updated assessment is based upon current conditions. • Floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures were also assessed and analyzed, as part of this certification process, as discussed in this report. • Updated the wind-wave analysis to include the most current wind speed data, incorporated new topography provided by MBK, included the 2024 top-of-levee survey data from PSOMAS, and updated the methodology for accuracy.
• Compiling data on the City of Sacramento’s most recent Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) stoplog trial closures, witnessed by Mead & Hunt.
• Review and evaluation of whether the RALS meets ULDC requirements as it pertains to ULDC Sections 7.12 – Encroachments, 7.13 – Penetrations, 7.14 – Closure Structures, 7.17 – Wind Setup and Wave Runup, and 7.20 – Operations and Maintenance Manuals. All other ULDC criteria is being evaluated by others.
• This report is not intended to be a full compilation of background information and evaluations for ULDC criteria. It is intended to serve as a supplement to the previously documented Mead & Hunt analyses and reports, mentioned previously.
3 1.3 Report Organization
This report is divided into eight sections. Section 1 is an introductory section that describes the background, need, scope, and organization of this report. Sections 2 through 6 address the five ULDC criteria for which Mead & Hunt is responsible (listed in Section 1.1) and contain objectives, criteria, assumptions, study methodology, and results of the study for each component as they pertain to ULDC Criteria for modifications to these responsible areas. Section 7 summarizes the results of this report.
Section 8 lists the applicable References.
4 2.1 Purpose
Levee encroachments must comply with DWR ULDC encroachment criteria, as well as United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) criteria for Periodic Inspections under PL 84-99, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) criteria, and the Central Valley Flood Protection Board (CVFPB) Title 23 requirements. The purpose of the levee encroachment analysis conducted as part of this effort was to assess updated and supplemental information of existing encroachments for compliance with ULDC and other regulatory criteria. Mead & Hunt’s previous analyses in 2014 and 2015 for RALS informed this effort and established the foundation for these criteria.
2.2 Criteria
Levee encroachments were evaluated on the basis of four sources of criteria – ULDC (the main focus of this report), FEMA, USACE, and CVFPB – which are elaborated upon below. The different criteria were consolidated in an Encroachment White Paper (SAFCA Sacramento FEMA Certification White Paper for Addressing Encroachments, 2014).
2.2.1 ULDC Criteria
Section 7.12 of the ULDC addresses levee encroachments excluding penetrations, floodwalls, retaining walls, closure structures, and levee vegetation. ULDC requires encroachment analysis to consider the following when rendering this opinion: type, age, condition, performance history of the encroachment, impacts on the levee/floodwall structural integrity, impacts on the hydraulic effect on the channel and floodway, and impacts on the operation and maintenance of the levee/floodwall. Further, a hazard assessment needs to be performed for each existing encroachment, and encroachments found to have a high hazard require a full engineering evaluation to demonstrate whether the hazard is acceptable or not.
2.2.2 USACE Criteria
USACE criteria requires that anything over, under, or through the levee and within the project easement must have a valid CVFPB permit and a No Objection Letter issued by the USACE must be annotated in project as-built drawings or noted in the O&M manual. USACE classifies levees as “Acceptable,” “Minimally Acceptable,” or “Unacceptable” based on the condition of encroachments and other factors. The inspection criteria are found in a document titled USACE Levee Inspection Checklist, provided in Exhibit 2 of (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). A levee is deemed unacceptable from the encroachment perspective if the encroachments are likely to inhibit operations and maintenance, emergency operations, or negatively impact the integrity of the levee. Levees are deemed minimally acceptable when trash, debris, unauthorized farming activity, structures, excavations, or other obstructions are present, or inappropriate activities are noted to be corrected, but will not inhibit operations and maintenance or emergency operations.
5 2.2.3 CVFPB Criteria
The California regulations for levee and floodway encroachments are set forth in Title 23, which describes the CVFPB duties for enforcement. Title 23 provides standards for the construction, maintenance, and protection of adopted flood control plans, which covers encroachments.
2.2.4 FEMA Criteria
Prior to the preparation of this report, Mead & Hunt prepared a white paper (SAFCA Sacramento FEMA Certification White Paper for Addressing Encroachments, 2014) that included criteria based upon FEMA and ULDC Criteria to be adopted for the classification of encroachments to address FEMA’s maintenance criteria, in accordance with 44 CFR 65.10(d). The white paper describes our approach to evaluation, which is intended to determine the likelihood of identified encroachments to inhibit operations and maintenance, emergency operations, or negatively impact the integrity of the levee. The Levee Maintenance Agencies (LMA)s and the CVFPB were provided the opportunity to review the approach. The LMAs were consulted to obtain input on how the various features could potentially impair maintenance and operations. The potential for an encroachment to negatively impact the levee system integrity was judged based on technical evaluations and compliance with criteria that are set forth to manage risk. Upon identification of encroachments that contribute to risk, Mead & Hunt classified encroachments as:
• Significant Threat to Levee Integrity (Category 1A)
o Imminent threat to integrity of the levee; must be remediated before levee certification.
• Low Hazard (Category 1B)
o Lesser threat to the integrity of the levee; impedes operation and maintenance; must be fixed or removed within three years of levee certification • Non-Compliant (Category 2)
o Doesn’t comply with ULDC; must be fixed or removed within ten years of levee certification.
The Encroachment White Paper, reviewed by SAFCA’s previous Board of Senior Consultants (BOSC) is provided in (SAFCA Sacramento FEMA Certification White Paper for Addressing Encroachments, 2014). Flowcharts showing the analysis pathways for major encroachment categories are provided in Exhibit 2 of (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015).
2.3 Methodology
A two-step approach was adopted for the encroachment analysis, which is described in detail in our previous efforts (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015) and the Encroachment White Paper (SAFCA Sacramento FEMA Certification White Paper for Addressing Encroachments, 2014) . As part of this current due diligence review, there were no modifications to the previous methodology described in the documents referenced in this section. Due to the voluminous nature of this material, that information was not reproduced here. Penetrations and associated structures, floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures were analyzed based on their own specific criteria in Sections 3 and 4, as documented in this report.
6 2.4 Results
A field investigation conducted in April and June 2024 (by Mead & Hunt) verified encroachment data. The total number of encroachments for this levee system is 119 (of which 14 are linear encroachments). This does not include any penetrations or associated structures, closure structures, retaining walls, or floodwalls (reported separately in Sections 3 and 4 of this report). Exhibit 2A of this report shows a map summary of all RALS encroachments. Additionally, Exhibits 3A1 and 3A2 show a table summary of all RALS encroachments and linear encroachments, respectively. During the 2024 field investigations and review of existing data, no high-risk encroachments were flagged for RALS by Mead & Hunt. This was further confirmed by MBK.
No high-risk encroachments that would fall within the 1A, 1B, or 2 categories outlined in Section 2.2.4 were found, and no further engineering evaluations were required that would alter the risk assessment findings provided previously.
2.5 Due Diligence Review; ULDC and FEMA Compliance
In 2013 and 2014, SAFCA performed an inventory of encroachments along the RALS (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). A hazard assessment of the encroachments was performed using established criteria in the encroachment white paper (SAFCA, 2016). None of the encroachments were considered to be high-risk, as determined by MBK in 2016.
During this due diligence review, encroachment data was verified, and a field investigation was conducted in April and June 2024. The total number of encroachments for this levee system is 119, which does not include any penetrations or associated structures, floodwalls, retaining walls, or closure structures. Work completed during this process is consistent with previous evaluation methodology.
No high-risk encroachments that would fall within the 1A, 1B, or 2 categories outlined in Section 2.2.4 were found, and no further engineering evaluations were required that would alter the risk assessment findings provided previously (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). MBK has determined that there are no high-hazard encroachments that would preclude ULDC/FEMA certification, but an encroachment remediation plan to be prepared by MBK will address non-compliant and non-permitted encroachments.
In summary, there are no high-risk encroachments along the RALS. Mead & Hunt has confirmed with MBK that the RALS is in compliance with ULDC Section 7.12 criteria for encroachments and FEMA 44 CFR 65.10(d) for levee maintenance.
7 This section discusses the purpose, criteria, methodology, and results of penetration-specific requirements under ULDC and FEMA that were completed during this due diligence review.
3.1 Purpose
The purpose of the levee penetrations evaluation we conducted as part of this effort, was to assess the current conditions (based on new design water surface elevation data, updated documentation, and current conditions) and modifications to existing levee penetrations since previous analyses were conducted and reported in 2015, for compliance with ULDC and FEMA criteria.
3.2 Criteria
The ULDC, 7.13 provides criteria for assessment of existing penetrations for urban levee finding, which states that the “civil engineer needs to assess existing penetrations and render an opinion as to their impact on the reliable performance of the levee/floodwall for the full range of loading up to the hydraulic top of levee (HTOL).”
Further, FEMA 44 CFR 65.10(b)(2) provides criteria for assessment of closure structures . Gravity drain penetrations along the levee that provide hydraulic connectivity between the flooding source and the levee-impacted area are considered openings that require compliant closure structures. The FEMA criteria states: “All openings must be provided with closure devices that are structural parts of the system during operation and design according to sound engineering practices.”
The following evaluation criteria were identified for penetrations:
1) Structural strength – Pipes designed to be adequate to withstand loads of overlying fill or stresses applied by traffic. Earth loads are to be determined as outlined in EM 1110 -2-2902. 2) Joint flexibility – Joints should be flexible enough to adjust under expected settlement and stretching of pipe.
3) Emergency closure – Pipes open to the waterway must have provisions for emergency closure in the event of inoperative flap valves on the riverside end. 4) Condition of the pipeline – Pipes are required to be in good condition. Currently, no explicit guidance exists for the condition assessment of pipelines. In accordance with the ULDC, the exposed portions of pipe and culvert penetrations need to be visually inspected at least annually.
At minimum 5-year intervals, the interiors of all pipes and culvert penetrations need to be visually inspected and/or pressure tested. Alternatively, corrosion assessment can be completed using nondestructive means such as ultrasonic or electrical conductivity measurements. EM 1110-2- 2902 has been updated since the previous assessment to provide guidance for inspections and condition assessments, and prioritizing mitigation plans.
Items 1) and 2) were evaluated as part of the penetration analysis, while items 3) and 4) were evaluated as part of the condition assessment process.
8 3.3 Methodology
A phased approach was adopted for the penetration analysis, which is described in detail in our previous efforts (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). Screening for potential high-hazard penetrations was conducted, and penetrations flagged during the screening were subjected to a full engineering evaluation to make a final determination of acceptability based on risk. The additional engineering evaluation of penetrations for the RALS is described in Appendix A of this report. Additionally, a technical memorandum (TM) has been prepared and is included in Appendix B to discuss exceptions for penetrations in the RALS and the respective work plans for addressing these exceptions. As part of this current due diligence review, there were no modifications to the previous methodology described in the documents referenced in this section.
Due to the voluminous nature of this material, that information was not reproduced here.
3.4 Results
During this due diligence review, 50 penetrations were reviewed, screened, and analyzed, as appropriate and the database was updated based upon previous methodology. Of these penetrations, the 16 gravity drain penetrations that provide hydraulic connectivity between the flooding source and the levee -impacted area were found to have compliant closure structures. A map summary and table summary of the penetrations and associated structures are included in this report as Exhibits 2B and 3B, respectively.
That analysis was completed during this due diligence review. Additional supporting documentation used for screening and analysis is provided in Appendix E.
For penetrations within the RALS that were determined (during the screening process) to require a full engineering evaluation to make a final determination of acceptability based on risk, their evaluation is summarized in Appendix A of this report. After evaluation, if an exception to ULDC is required for any of the above-referenced criteria, that risk assessment and any work plan are discussed in the TM in Appendix B.
3.5 Due Diligence Review; ULDC and FEMA Compliance
Mead & Hunt has updated the database, verified existing information, screened and flagged penetrations requiring engineering evaluation, and completed those additional evaluations. The evaluation includes some exceptions to ULDC based upon corresponding risk considerations and work plan development for certain exceptions.
Mead & Hunt has determined that the RALS compliance with ULDC Section 7.13 and FEMA 44 CFR
65.10(b)(2) criteria for penetrations is acceptable with the exceptions discussed in Appendix B and has concluded that there are no anticipated impacts to the reliability of the RALS’s performance during its full range of loading to the HTOL.
9 4.1 Purpose
The purpose of the evaluation conducted as part of this effort was to assess the existing levee floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures for compliance with ULDC and FEMA criteria. The as-built drawings of the floodwalls and closure structures within the RALS are provided in Appendix E, and a summary map and summary table of the floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures are shown in Exhibits 2C and 3C, respectively.
4.2 Criteria
The floodwall, retaining wall, and closure structure strength and stability analysis was based on the same criteria used in our previous certification report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). Criteria for floodwalls and other hydraulic retaining walls is outlined in EM 1110-2-2502. The following ULDC Section 7.14 criteria was considered for the referenced closure structures:
Current USACE design guidance for special features such as floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures is to be followed. This information is included in EM 1110-2-1913, EM 1110-2- 2502, EC 1110-2-6067, and ETL 1110-2-5711. Because design considerations for floodwalls are still evolving since the 2005 New Orleans flood, caution should be used when designing and assessing these structures. All global slope stability and embankment through -seepage and underseepage safety criteria requirements are applicable for floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures on levees. In addition, the civil engineer must evaluate and address the potential for the floodwall to induce settlement in the levee.
For closure structures, the civil engineer needs to provide the following information: maintaining entity, levee mile, Global Positioning System coordinates, Board permit number (if applicable)2, structure details, length of time to close structure, location, and type of materials for closure, structure dimensions, age, and performance history.
Closure structures need to be tested at least once a year before the flood season so that crews responsible for implementing the structures are familiar with their operation and to provide assurance that all parts are present and in working order.
FEMA 44 CFR 65.10(b)(2) provides criteria for assessment of the UPRR stoplog closure structure s in the Robla Creek South Levee and Arcade Creek North Levee as these facilities provide hydraulic connectivity between the flooding source and the levee impacted area. The FEMA criteria states: “All openings must
1 The EC and ETL have expired and the EM 1110-2-2502, Floodwalls and other Hydraulic Retaining Structures, has been updated since the ULDC publication.
2 The UPRR stoplog closures in the Robla Creek South Levee and Arcade Creek North Levee were original constructed under CVFPB permits 14477 and 14479 respectively, and modifications were implemented under permits 16032 and 16033-A.
10 be provided with closure devices that are structural parts of the system during operation and design according to sound engineering practices.”
4.3 Methodology
The floodwall, retaining wall, and closure structure analysis followed the same methodology used in our previous certification report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). Original designs or as-built drawings were obtained from SAFCA, facility owners, and site investigations. Updated plans were provided to Mead & Hunt and reviewed/incorporated.
The on-site condition assessment for each floodwall, retaining wall and closure structure facility was completed separately. The UPRR stoplog structures also include removable components that are stored in the City’s North Area service yard at 918 Del Paso Road. Visual inspection of materials was conducted, and the City inventoried the materials. The trial operation of each closure structure by City was observed by Mead & Hunt.
Retaining walls within the zone of influence of the levees were identified through field investigations and drawing reviews. The initial screening indicated that undrained reinforced concrete retaining walls three (3) feet or less in retained height and in sound condition do not create a significant risk to levee stability.
Landside retaining walls beyond 10 feet from the projected toe of the levee slope were excluded from structural stability analysis unless determined to influence the stability of the maintenance zone at the landside toe of the levee.
4.4 Results
As part of this due diligence review, Mead & Hunt reviewed previous information and as -builts, as well as modified plans for the RALS floodwalls, closure structures, and retaining walls as part of our analysis. For our condition assessments of floodwalls, closure structures, and retaining walls, a visual inspection (field investigation) took place in April 2024. The trial installations of the two (2) closure structure installations in the RALS have been overseen by Mead & Hunt (in accordance with the agreed upon City of Sacramento trial closure schedule), and no significant issues were found.
Exhibits 2B and 3C locate and identify the seven (7) floodwall reaches in the RALS. No floodwall modifications have been made to the RALS floodwalls since the original installations. The details for floodwall construction are included in drawing sets for the applicable levee reach included in Appendix E.
Two stoplog-type closure structures are located within the RALS at UPRR crossings:
• Arcade Creek North Levee UPRR crossing stoplog structure • Robla Creek South Levee UPRR crossing stoplog structure
The structures consist of reinforced concrete headwalls and sills with removable aluminum stoplogs and steel I-beam supports. The structures were originally constructed in 1986 by the City of Sacramento and later raised, strengthened, and modified under SAFCA’s levee improvements in 1995 and 1996. The details for closure structure construction are included in the drawing sets for the applicable levee reaches
11 enclosed in Appendices E6, E8, and E14. The Arcade Creek North Levee UPRR closure was found to have a grade beam extending from the top of rail, through the railroad ballast and 3-feet into the railroad bed providing an effective cutoff. The Robla Creek South Levee UPRR closure was found to have a grade beam extending 4 feet deep into the railroad bed, but the grade beam does not extend through the railroad ballast for the width of the railroad ties. The sill for the stoplog support is constructed using 10- foot-long precast concrete planks resting on the rail ties. A potential seepage window exists between the bottom of the sill planks and the top of the grade beam. However, the potential seepage through the railroad ballast was judged to not create a stability risk due to limited seepage velocity that would not mobilize the rock ballast. Limited modifications to these stoplog closures have recently been constructed, and the drawing set is included in Appendix E4.
The closure structures are operated and maintained by the City of Sacramento Department of Public Works. Trial closures are conducted once every five years (instead of annually). The recent trial closure report for the stoplog structures is included in Appendix E5. An exception TM for annual trial installation for these closure structures is included in Appendix C.
A total of 8 retaining walls were identified within the zone of influence of the RALS levees. Two (2) retaining walls on private properties identified in prior assessments have been removed through encroachment remediation efforts. Seven (7) retaining walls were previously identified as requiring structural evaluation, all within the City/County pump stations at:
• City Sump 140 at the landside toe
• City Sumo 157 (3 sections) at the waterside edge of levee crown • City Sump 158 (3 sections) at the landside toe.
The one (1) remaining retaining wall is a privately constructed concrete block wall at the landside toe of the Arcade Creek North Levee Station 5081+00, at 1026 Rivera Drive, previously found to be structurally insignificant due to minimal retained height.
4.4.1 Analysis Results
No additional analyses were required for the RALS floodwalls, closure structures, and retaining walls. The revised plans for the closure structures were reviewed and found to be in compliance with the standards and guidance for closure structures as indicated in this report and during previous efforts (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015).
4.4.2 Condition Assessment Results
The Robla Creek South Levee and Arcade Creek North Levee floodwalls were field inspected in April 2024 and found to be well-maintained and in serviceable condition for their intended use.
The retaining walls were also field inspected in December 2023, and each location was found to be unaltered. The walls requiring structural evaluation were found to be well -maintained and in serviceable condition for their intended use.
The two (2) closure structures (UPRR stoplog structures at the Robla Creek South Levee and Arcade Creek North Levee) were field inspected and found to be acceptable for the intended use
12 as documented in (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). The operations are guided by the City’s Emergency Response Plan (ERP), Chapter 7, a copy of which is included in Appendix 8 of our previous certification report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). The plan outlines the following: a) Flood Procedures; b) Floodgate Locations; c) Materials Required for Floodgate Closure; d) Floodgate Threshold Elevations; and e) an outline of the Annual Flood Preparedness Plan and Procedures.
Multiple trial closures were witnessed by Mead & Hunt with the latest in 2021. During the February 2019 flood event, an emergency closure was necessary, and Mead & Hunt inspected the completed facility. The TMs documenting the trial closures are included in Appendix E5. The City has scheduled trial installations for the UPRR stoplog locations on a 5-year basis to minimize impacts upon critical railroad operations. Each fall, the items for stoplog closures (identified in the ERP) are inventoried and inspected. Mead & Hunt has determined that the set 5-year cycle, as opposed to an annual testing cycle, is acceptable, due to the City’s preparedness and training, but requires an exception to the ULDC.
4.5 Due Diligence Review; ULDC and FEMA Compliance
Mead & Hunt has determined that the RALS is in compliance with ULDC Section 7.14 and FEMA 44 CFR
65.10(b)(2) criteria for floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures, with the exception of the operation/installation cycle of the UPRR stoplog gates. These UPRR stoplog closure structures are both in good working order, and there are no anticipated impacts on the reliability of the RALS’s performance during its full range of loading to the HTOL.
Due to the logistics of closing the UPRR for trial closures, the City’s extensive preparedness, and the success of recent improvements and trial closures, Mead & Hunt has recommended that the UPRR trial closures be conducted on not more than a 5-year cycle, which requires an exception to the ULDC Section
7.14 and FEMA 44 CFR 65.10(c)(1)(iii) required annual testing cycle. The justification for this exception is included in this report as Appendix C.
13 5.1 Scope of Analysis
Because the updated analysis criteria and methodology for the wind setup and wave runup analysis is voluminous, it is fully contained in Appendix D and not reproduced here, only summarized.
ULDC 7.17 requires a wind-wave analysis. The wind setup and wave runup distances must be computed and added to the median 200-year still water surface elevation, and the resultant shall be no more than the required minimum top of levee (MTOL). Additionally, wind setup and wave runup must also be computed to support the analysis of erosion and overtopping impacts.
The formation and magnitude of wind-generated waves against shoreline structures are controlled by the physical conditions present on and near the shore, such as slope and roughness of the structure, wind speed, and distance over which wind blows (fetch length). Evaluations documented the Wind Wave Analysis and determined the wind setup and the runup for the 2 percent exceedance wave (wave runup which is exceeded by 2 percent of waves on average). The analyses were performed at the location on the levees expected to generate the largest wind setup and wave runup.
5.2 Results
Wind and wave analysis for the RALS was completed in 2015 and updated in 2024, in accordance with the requirements of ULDC 7.17. The Automated Coastal Engineering System (ACES) model, which is based on the U.S. Army Coastal Engineering Research Center’s Shore Protection Manual, was the primary tool for calculating wind setup and wave runup. Design wind speed with a return period of 72.6 years and a duration of two (2) minutes was used, in accordance with ULDC 7.17. Results in Appendix D indicate that the maximum combined wind setup and wave runup is 3.0 feet or less. The effects of wind setup and wave runup on the MTOL and erosion are found in MBK’s Engineer’s Report, sections for ULDC 7.2 and ULDC 7.10, respectively.
5.3 Due Diligence Review and ULDC Compliance
Mead & Hunt has updated the previous wind setup and wave runup analysis for the RALS utilizing the most applicable and current data available for wind speed, terrain, and water surface elevation, as shown in Appendix D. Mead & Hunt has determined that the RALS is in compliance with ULDC Section 7.17 criteria for wind setup and wave runup.
14 6.1 Purpose
The purpose of the O&M Manual review was to ensure existing O&M manuals comply with ULDC and FEMA requirements and provide any additional reviews needed for elements not previously included.
This current effort does not trigger any additional USACE-approved O&M manual reviews.
Levees in the study area are maintained by ARFCD, but the governing O&M manuals are those developed by USACE. The updated Unit No. 118 – Part No. 2 supplement to the standard O&M manual for the Sacramento River Flood Control Project was issued on January 28, 2023. The update addressed revisions to address the details of the most recent levee remediation contracts.
The review of the closure structure operations by the City of Sacramento is summarized in Section 4.
The City of Sacramento maintains equipment operation and maintenance manuals at each pump station .
Mead & Hunt also compiled the pump operational data and setpoints for the drainage pump stations in RALS for review.
6.2 Criteria
ULDC requires that levee systems must have an O&M manual consistent with USACE requirements. All facilities providing the necessary urban level of flood protection must be operated and maintained by an identified public agency. Where the levee system has more than one agency with O&M responsibilities, they are required to coordinate efforts. FEMA 44 CFR 65.10(c) provides criteria for operations plans, and part (d) provides criteria for levee system maintenance plans.
6.3 Results
The O&M manuals and operating procedures were found to cover all system components ; the levee system, closure structures, and the pump stations. Each of these three components is operated by different public agencies with the authority and resources to do so. As there is little overlap in O&M between these entities, minimal coordination is necessary; however, each entity was found to understand its role in system operation.
The O&M manual and operating procedures for the pump stations were reviewed with the City and found to accurately represent the facility operations and maintenance needs.
6.4 Due Diligence Review and ULDC Compliance
Mead & Hunt has determined that the RALS is in compliance with ULDC Section 7.20 criteria for O&M manuals, as well as FEMA 44 CFR 65.10 (c) for operation plans for closure structures and pump stations and 65.10(d) for levee system maintenance plans.
15 Based on our due diligence activities on the RALS, Mead & Hunt has concluded that the overall condition of the RALS has not significantly changed since the ULDC and FEMA certification efforts documented in (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). It is our professional opinion that RALS meets ULDC requirements for Sections 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, 7.17, and 7.20 for Encroachments, Penetrations, Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures, Wind Setup and Wave Runup, and O&M Manuals, respectively – pending mitigation plan items discussed in the penetration work plan TM in Appendix B. It is also our professional opinion that RALS meets FEMA criteria in accordance with 44 CFR 65.10(b)(2) for the gravity drain penetrations, and the UPRR stoplog closure structures. Other conclusions and recommendations pertaining to the RALS are discussed below.
7.1 Conclusions
The following conclusions have been made for each area covered in this report.
7.1.1 Encroachments
The previous ULDC and FEMA certification efforts conducted are covered in our prior report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015), and no high-risk encroachments were flagged by Mead & Hunt (confirmed by MBK). RALS is determined to be in compliance with ULDC criteria Section 7.12.
7.1.2 Penetrations
The previous ULDC and FEMA certification efforts conducted are covered in our prior report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015), and all current efforts are discussed in this report. RALS is determined to be in compliance with ULDC criteria Section 7.13, EM 1110-2-1913, and FEMA criteria in accordance with 44 CFR 65.10(b)(2), with exceptions. The mitigation plan for finalizing the penetration documentation is described in Appendix B.
7.1.3 Floodwalls, Retaining Walls and Closure Structures The previous ULDC and FEMA certification efforts conducted are covered in our prior report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015), and current efforts are discussed in this report. RALS is determined to be in compliance with ULDC criteria Section 7.14 and FEMA criteria in accordance with 44 CFR
65.10(b)(2), with the inclusion of the ULDC exception for the frequency of trial operation of the UPRR closure structures included in Appendix C.
7.1.4 Wind Setup and Wave Runup
The previous ULDC and FEMA certification efforts conducted are covered in our prior report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015), and current efforts are discussed in this report. RALS is determined to be in compliance with ULDC criteria Section 7.17.
7.1.5 Operation and Maintenance Manuals
The previous ULDC and FEMA certification efforts conducted are covered in our prior report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015), and all current efforts are discussed in this report. RALS is determined to be in compliance with ULDC criteria Section 7.20.
16 7.2 Recommendations
Below is a list of Mead & Hunt’s recommendations for the RALS. 1) The encroachments, penetrations, floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures either discussed in this report or previously reported (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015) in the RALS should continue to be maintained and kept in good operating condition, monitored, and inspected per ULDC requirements and applicable O&M manuals.
2) Aging infrastructure, especially penetrations, should be routinely evaluated for condition assessment based on future inspections. The local maintaining agency should coordinate with owners of encroachments to replace and update as required to maintain the performance of the RALS with assistance from the CVFPB, if necessary.
3) The mitigation plans for ULDC exceptions, described in Appendix B, should be carried out.
SAFCA should request monthly updates on the status of the resolution with the responsible parties.
4) The UPRR stoplog closures should continue to be trial-operated on a 5-year cycle with annual preparedness conducted in the fall.
5) The RALS should continue to be operated and maintained in accordance with the approved O&M manuals.
7.3 Limitations
Mead & Hunt’s services were performed in a manner consistent with the degree of skill and care ordinarily exercised by members of the profession currently practicing in the same locality under similar conditions.
No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the completion of the work supporting this ULDC/FEMA Due Diligence Report. Our professional services were limited to supporting engineering opinions needed to address ULDC criteria for encroachments, penetrations, floodwalls and closure structures, wind setup and wave runup, and O&M manuals.
Our conclusions regarding the condition and safety of the RALS, related facilities, and their conformance to ULDC criteria are not stated as a guarantee but they do represent our best professional judgment. This judgment must be recognized as affected to a certain degree by the practical limitations that affect all evaluations of constructed water-retention structures, relative principally to the approximate knowledge of the condition and properties of the foundation materials and existing structures.
The conclusions we present in this ULDC/FEMA Due Diligence Report are based in part upon the data obtained from limited correspondence, reports, surveys, instrumentation, testing, and surface visual observations. Actual conditions may escape detection by reporting, surveying, monitoring, testing, and visual inspection/observation and may be unknowingly different from the conditions described in this report. The nature and extent of such variations may not become evident until the levees experience high water conditions or when further tests and evaluations are performed. If variations from the described conditions are encountered, additional investigations and assessments of the levee condition and performance may need to be conducted. It may be necessary to revise the conclusions and recommendations described herein, and/or undertake additional remediation measures.
17 All conclusions and recommendations are based on the data and limitations described above, but they are also based on this specific snapshot in time, assuming that proper inspection, maintenance, repair, and replacement by utility owners and enforcement of the condition requirements of the permits by the CVFPB. Special attention should be paid to documenting the performance and condition of penetrations that are anticipated to be at the end of their useful life.
Based on our due diligence activities on the RALS, Mead & Hunt completed this report using the following references.
California Department of Water Resources. (2012). Urban Levee Design Criteria. Sacramento, CA:
FloodSafe California.
Mead & Hunt, Inc. (2015). Sacramento Area Levee Recertification Project. Sacramento, CA.
SAFCA. (2016). Adequate Progress Towards an Urban Level of Flood Protection. Sacramento.
SAFCA Sacramento FEMA Certification White Paper for Addressing Encroachments. (2014, July 21).
Sacramento, CA.
US Army Corps of Engineers. (2000, April 30). EM 1110-2-1913 Design and Construction of Levees.
Washington, DC.
US Army Corps of Engineers. (2020, December 31). Conduits, Pipes, and Culverts Associated with Dams and Levee Systems. Washington, DC.
US Army Corps of Engineers. (2022, August 1). EM 1110-2-2502 Floodwalls and Other Hydraulic Retaining Walls. Washington, DC.
i
CONTENTS
1. Background and Purpose, Need and Scope, and Report Organization ........... 1
1.1 Background and Purpose ................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Need and Scope ................................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Report Organization ........................................................................................................... 3
2. ULDC Section 7.12: Encroachments ............................................................... 4
2.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Criteria ................................................................................................................................ 4
2.2.1 ULDC Criteria ...................................................................................................... 4
2.2.2 USACE Criteria .................................................................................................... 4
2.2.3 CVFPB Criteria .................................................................................................... 5
2.2.4 FEMA Criteria ...................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 5
2.4 Results ................................................................................................................................ 6
2.5 Due Diligence Review; ULDC and FEMA Compliance ...................................................... 6
3. ULDC Section 7.13: Penetrations .................................................................... 7
3.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................. 7
3.2 Criteria ................................................................................................................................ 7
3.3 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 8
3.4 Results ................................................................................................................................ 8
3.5 Due Diligence Review; ULDC and FEMA Compliance ...................................................... 8
4. ULDC Section 7.14: Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures ...... 9
4.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................. 9
4.2 Criteria ................................................................................................................................ 9
4.3 Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 10
4.4 Results .............................................................................................................................. 10
4.4.1 Analysis Results ................................................................................................ 11
4.4.2 Condition Assessment Results .......................................................................... 11
4.5 Due Diligence Review; ULDC and FEMA Compliance .................................................... 12
5. ULDC Section 7.17: Wind Setup and Wave Runup ....................................... 13
5.1 Scope of Analysis ............................................................................................................. 13
5.2 Results .............................................................................................................................. 13
ii
CONTENTS 5.3 Due Diligence Review and ULDC Compliance ................................................................ 13
6. ULDC Section 7.20: Operations and Maintenance Manuals ......................... 14
6.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................ 14
6.2 Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 14
6.3 Results .............................................................................................................................. 14
6.4 Due Diligence Review and ULDC Compliance ................................................................ 14
7. Conclusions, Recommendations, and Limitations ......................................... 15
7.1 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 15
7.1.1 Encroachments .................................................................................................. 15
7.1.2 Penetrations ....................................................................................................... 15
7.1.3 Floodwalls, Retaining Walls and Closure Structures ......................................... 15
7.1.4 Wind Setup and Wave Runup ........................................................................... 15
7.1.5 Operation and Maintenance Manuals ................................................................ 15
7.2 Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 16
7.3 Limitations ......................................................................................................................... 16
8. References .................................................................................................... 17
EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT 1. SAFCA Levee Basin Map
EXHIBIT 2A. Map Summary of Encroachments
EXHIBIT 2B. Map Summary of Penetrations and Associated Structures EXHIBIT 2C. Map Summary of Closure Structures, Retaining Walls, and Floodwalls EXHIBIT 3A1. Table Summary of Encroachments (non-linear) EXHIBIT 3A2. Table Summary of Linear Encroachments
EXHIBIT 3B. Table Summary of Penetrations and Associated Structures EXHIBIT 3C. Table Summary of Closure Structures, Retaining Walls, and Floodwalls
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A. Penetration Evaluation Technical Memorandum APPENDIX B. Penetration Exceptions Work Plan Technical Memorandum APPENDIX C. Exception for the UPRR Stoplog Operation Schedule APPENDIX D. RALS Wind Setup and Wave Runup Analysis
APPENDIX E. Additional RALS Documentation
1 1.1 Background and Purpose
This report is part of the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency’s (SAFCA) due diligence review for compliance with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Urban Levee Design Criteria (ULDC) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) regulations as cited in the Code of Federal Regulations in Title 44, Chapter 1, Section 65.10 (44 CFR 65.10) for the Robla-Arcade Levee System (RALS), prepared in response to the regulatory requirements of ULDC. Preparation of this report entailed gathering information related to the RALS, including design and as-built data, geotechnical data, data from the maintaining agencies regarding closure structures, retaining walls, floodwalls, and penetrations through the levee, and conducting necessary visual observations/inspections/analysis. The data has been evaluated to determine if any segments of the RALS do not meet ULDC criteria.
Senate Bill 5 (2007) required the California DWR develop a set of urban levee design criteria that would be applied to all levees which provide an urban level of protection. In May of 2012 , the ULDC Criteria was finalized. Since the RALS protects an urban population, these ULDC criteria were used to assess the levee’s compliance and SAFCA’s due diligence.
Mead & Hunt is a member of SAFCA’s consultant team and is responsible for the following components to determine ULDC compliance and due diligence:
1) ULDC Section 7.12 – Levee encroachment data collection and evaluation criteria 2) ULDC Section 7.13 – Levee penetrations analysis and condition assessment 3) ULDC Section 7.14 – Floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures structural analysis and condition assessment
4) ULDC Section 7.17 – Wind setup and wave runup analysis 5) ULDC Section 7.20 – Operations and Maintenance (O&M) manual review
The purpose of this report is to present the study objectives, criteria, assumptions, study methodology , results for the above components, and their respective determination as it pertains to ULDC compliance.
This report is a supplement to previously completed reporting regarding encroachments, penetrations, floodwalls, closure structures, retaining walls, wind setup and wave runup, and O&M manuals. The previous Mead & Hunt Certification Report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015) was used as a reference for this report.
1.2 Need and Scope
SAFCA’s objective is to provide the Sacramento region with increased flood protection. The flood protection features under SAFCA’s jurisdiction are broadly categorized under the following groups – Natomas Levees, North Sacramento Streams Levees, American River Levees, Sacramento River Levees South of Confluence, South Sacramento Streams Group Levees, and Folsom Dam Auxiliary Spillway (see Exhibit 1). SAFCA’s ULDC and FEMA certification efforts have been divided into five basins, as shown in Exhibit 1. The RALS is located in the North Sacramento Streams group.
2 In order to maintain continuous accreditation of the affected levees and to identify what actions, if any, are required to meet the State’s ULDC 200-year level of flood protection requirements, SAFCA has undertaken this evaluation. Mead & Hunt has performed the following activities that pertain to the RALS ULDC efforts (referenced in Section 1.1):
• In 2014, Mead & Hunt developed an Encroachment White Paper, which considered criteria from ULDC, FEMA, and USACE. This white paper was used as a basis for the analysis and reporting of encroachments, as supported by this effort. The white paper is documented in (SAFCA Sacramento FEMA Certification White Paper for Addressing Encroachments, 2014) . • In 2015 Mead & Hunt reported on encroachments, penetrations, floodwalls, retaining walls, closure structures, wind setup and wave runup analysis, and O&M manual review as part of SAFCA’s previous FEMA Certification efforts for multiple levee systems, of which RALS was included. That effort is documented in (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). • A visual inspection of the RALS was conducted in December 2023 and levee encroachments, penetrations, floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures database information were assessed and revised accordingly. As discussed in this report, applicable analyses and assessments were conducted.
• Review of available data and reports, field observations, supplemental inspection reports, revised design water surface elevation data, and updated top-of-levee surveys. • Review of the pipe condition inspection programs with facility owners, including:
o City of Sacramento, Department of Utilities – Stormwater and Sewer o City Of Sacramento, Department of Utilities – Water
o Sac Sewer (Sacramento Regional Sanitation District/Sacramento Area Sewer District) o PG&E natural gas
• Review of annual trial exercise of emergency closure gate programs with the City stormwater and wastewater operations staff.
• Penetration assessment screening and analysis completed as part of this certification effort included using the previous methodology documented in (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015) and is further documented in Appendix A. The updated assessment is based upon current conditions. • Floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures were also assessed and analyzed, as part of this certification process, as discussed in this report. • Updated the wind-wave analysis to include the most current wind speed data, incorporated new topography provided by MBK, included the 2024 top-of-levee survey data from PSOMAS, and updated the methodology for accuracy.
• Compiling data on the City of Sacramento’s most recent Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) stoplog trial closures, witnessed by Mead & Hunt.
• Review and evaluation of whether the RALS meets ULDC requirements as it pertains to ULDC Sections 7.12 – Encroachments, 7.13 – Penetrations, 7.14 – Closure Structures, 7.17 – Wind Setup and Wave Runup, and 7.20 – Operations and Maintenance Manuals. All other ULDC criteria is being evaluated by others.
• This report is not intended to be a full compilation of background information and evaluations for ULDC criteria. It is intended to serve as a supplement to the previously documented Mead & Hunt analyses and reports, mentioned previously.
3 1.3 Report Organization
This report is divided into eight sections. Section 1 is an introductory section that describes the background, need, scope, and organization of this report. Sections 2 through 6 address the five ULDC criteria for which Mead & Hunt is responsible (listed in Section 1.1) and contain objectives, criteria, assumptions, study methodology, and results of the study for each component as they pertain to ULDC Criteria for modifications to these responsible areas. Section 7 summarizes the results of this report.
Section 8 lists the applicable References.
4 2.1 Purpose
Levee encroachments must comply with DWR ULDC encroachment criteria, as well as United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) criteria for Periodic Inspections under PL 84-99, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) criteria, and the Central Valley Flood Protection Board (CVFPB) Title 23 requirements. The purpose of the levee encroachment analysis conducted as part of this effort was to assess updated and supplemental information of existing encroachments for compliance with ULDC and other regulatory criteria. Mead & Hunt’s previous analyses in 2014 and 2015 for RALS informed this effort and established the foundation for these criteria.
2.2 Criteria
Levee encroachments were evaluated on the basis of four sources of criteria – ULDC (the main focus of this report), FEMA, USACE, and CVFPB – which are elaborated upon below. The different criteria were consolidated in an Encroachment White Paper (SAFCA Sacramento FEMA Certification White Paper for Addressing Encroachments, 2014).
2.2.1 ULDC Criteria
Section 7.12 of the ULDC addresses levee encroachments excluding penetrations, floodwalls, retaining walls, closure structures, and levee vegetation. ULDC requires encroachment analysis to consider the following when rendering this opinion: type, age, condition, performance history of the encroachment, impacts on the levee/floodwall structural integrity, impacts on the hydraulic effect on the channel and floodway, and impacts on the operation and maintenance of the levee/floodwall. Further, a hazard assessment needs to be performed for each existing encroachment, and encroachments found to have a high hazard require a full engineering evaluation to demonstrate whether the hazard is acceptable or not.
2.2.2 USACE Criteria
USACE criteria requires that anything over, under, or through the levee and within the project easement must have a valid CVFPB permit and a No Objection Letter issued by the USACE must be annotated in project as-built drawings or noted in the O&M manual. USACE classifies levees as “Acceptable,” “Minimally Acceptable,” or “Unacceptable” based on the condition of encroachments and other factors. The inspection criteria are found in a document titled USACE Levee Inspection Checklist, provided in Exhibit 2 of (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). A levee is deemed unacceptable from the encroachment perspective if the encroachments are likely to inhibit operations and maintenance, emergency operations, or negatively impact the integrity of the levee. Levees are deemed minimally acceptable when trash, debris, unauthorized farming activity, structures, excavations, or other obstructions are present, or inappropriate activities are noted to be corrected, but will not inhibit operations and maintenance or emergency operations.
5 2.2.3 CVFPB Criteria
The California regulations for levee and floodway encroachments are set forth in Title 23, which describes the CVFPB duties for enforcement. Title 23 provides standards for the construction, maintenance, and protection of adopted flood control plans, which covers encroachments.
2.2.4 FEMA Criteria
Prior to the preparation of this report, Mead & Hunt prepared a white paper (SAFCA Sacramento FEMA Certification White Paper for Addressing Encroachments, 2014) that included criteria based upon FEMA and ULDC Criteria to be adopted for the classification of encroachments to address FEMA’s maintenance criteria, in accordance with 44 CFR 65.10(d). The white paper describes our approach to evaluation, which is intended to determine the likelihood of identified encroachments to inhibit operations and maintenance, emergency operations, or negatively impact the integrity of the levee. The Levee Maintenance Agencies (LMA)s and the CVFPB were provided the opportunity to review the approach. The LMAs were consulted to obtain input on how the various features could potentially impair maintenance and operations. The potential for an encroachment to negatively impact the levee system integrity was judged based on technical evaluations and compliance with criteria that are set forth to manage risk. Upon identification of encroachments that contribute to risk, Mead & Hunt classified encroachments as:
• Significant Threat to Levee Integrity (Category 1A)
o Imminent threat to integrity of the levee; must be remediated before levee certification.
• Low Hazard (Category 1B)
o Lesser threat to the integrity of the levee; impedes operation and maintenance; must be fixed or removed within three years of levee certification • Non-Compliant (Category 2)
o Doesn’t comply with ULDC; must be fixed or removed within ten years of levee certification.
The Encroachment White Paper, reviewed by SAFCA’s previous Board of Senior Consultants (BOSC) is provided in (SAFCA Sacramento FEMA Certification White Paper for Addressing Encroachments, 2014). Flowcharts showing the analysis pathways for major encroachment categories are provided in Exhibit 2 of (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015).
2.3 Methodology
A two-step approach was adopted for the encroachment analysis, which is described in detail in our previous efforts (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015) and the Encroachment White Paper (SAFCA Sacramento FEMA Certification White Paper for Addressing Encroachments, 2014) . As part of this current due diligence review, there were no modifications to the previous methodology described in the documents referenced in this section. Due to the voluminous nature of this material, that information was not reproduced here. Penetrations and associated structures, floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures were analyzed based on their own specific criteria in Sections 3 and 4, as documented in this report.
6 2.4 Results
A field investigation conducted in April and June 2024 (by Mead & Hunt) verified encroachment data. The total number of encroachments for this levee system is 119 (of which 14 are linear encroachments). This does not include any penetrations or associated structures, closure structures, retaining walls, or floodwalls (reported separately in Sections 3 and 4 of this report). Exhibit 2A of this report shows a map summary of all RALS encroachments. Additionally, Exhibits 3A1 and 3A2 show a table summary of all RALS encroachments and linear encroachments, respectively. During the 2024 field investigations and review of existing data, no high-risk encroachments were flagged for RALS by Mead & Hunt. This was further confirmed by MBK.
No high-risk encroachments that would fall within the 1A, 1B, or 2 categories outlined in Section 2.2.4 were found, and no further engineering evaluations were required that would alter the risk assessment findings provided previously.
2.5 Due Diligence Review; ULDC and FEMA Compliance
In 2013 and 2014, SAFCA performed an inventory of encroachments along the RALS (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). A hazard assessment of the encroachments was performed using established criteria in the encroachment white paper (SAFCA, 2016). None of the encroachments were considered to be high-risk, as determined by MBK in 2016.
During this due diligence review, encroachment data was verified, and a field investigation was conducted in April and June 2024. The total number of encroachments for this levee system is 119, which does not include any penetrations or associated structures, floodwalls, retaining walls, or closure structures. Work completed during this process is consistent with previous evaluation methodology.
No high-risk encroachments that would fall within the 1A, 1B, or 2 categories outlined in Section 2.2.4 were found, and no further engineering evaluations were required that would alter the risk assessment findings provided previously (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). MBK has determined that there are no high-hazard encroachments that would preclude ULDC/FEMA certification, but an encroachment remediation plan to be prepared by MBK will address non-compliant and non-permitted encroachments.
In summary, there are no high-risk encroachments along the RALS. Mead & Hunt has confirmed with MBK that the RALS is in compliance with ULDC Section 7.12 criteria for encroachments and FEMA 44 CFR 65.10(d) for levee maintenance.
7 This section discusses the purpose, criteria, methodology, and results of penetration-specific requirements under ULDC and FEMA that were completed during this due diligence review.
3.1 Purpose
The purpose of the levee penetrations evaluation we conducted as part of this effort, was to assess the current conditions (based on new design water surface elevation data, updated documentation, and current conditions) and modifications to existing levee penetrations since previous analyses were conducted and reported in 2015, for compliance with ULDC and FEMA criteria.
3.2 Criteria
The ULDC, 7.13 provides criteria for assessment of existing penetrations for urban levee finding, which states that the “civil engineer needs to assess existing penetrations and render an opinion as to their impact on the reliable performance of the levee/floodwall for the full range of loading up to the hydraulic top of levee (HTOL).”
Further, FEMA 44 CFR 65.10(b)(2) provides criteria for assessment of closure structures . Gravity drain penetrations along the levee that provide hydraulic connectivity between the flooding source and the levee-impacted area are considered openings that require compliant closure structures. The FEMA criteria states: “All openings must be provided with closure devices that are structural parts of the system during operation and design according to sound engineering practices.”
The following evaluation criteria were identified for penetrations:
1) Structural strength – Pipes designed to be adequate to withstand loads of overlying fill or stresses applied by traffic. Earth loads are to be determined as outlined in EM 1110 -2-2902. 2) Joint flexibility – Joints should be flexible enough to adjust under expected settlement and stretching of pipe.
3) Emergency closure – Pipes open to the waterway must have provisions for emergency closure in the event of inoperative flap valves on the riverside end. 4) Condition of the pipeline – Pipes are required to be in good condition. Currently, no explicit guidance exists for the condition assessment of pipelines. In accordance with the ULDC, the exposed portions of pipe and culvert penetrations need to be visually inspected at least annually.
At minimum 5-year intervals, the interiors of all pipes and culvert penetrations need to be visually inspected and/or pressure tested. Alternatively, corrosion assessment can be completed using nondestructive means such as ultrasonic or electrical conductivity measurements. EM 1110-2- 2902 has been updated since the previous assessment to provide guidance for inspections and condition assessments, and prioritizing mitigation plans.
Items 1) and 2) were evaluated as part of the penetration analysis, while items 3) and 4) were evaluated as part of the condition assessment process.
8 3.3 Methodology
A phased approach was adopted for the penetration analysis, which is described in detail in our previous efforts (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). Screening for potential high-hazard penetrations was conducted, and penetrations flagged during the screening were subjected to a full engineering evaluation to make a final determination of acceptability based on risk. The additional engineering evaluation of penetrations for the RALS is described in Appendix A of this report. Additionally, a technical memorandum (TM) has been prepared and is included in Appendix B to discuss exceptions for penetrations in the RALS and the respective work plans for addressing these exceptions. As part of this current due diligence review, there were no modifications to the previous methodology described in the documents referenced in this section.
Due to the voluminous nature of this material, that information was not reproduced here.
3.4 Results
During this due diligence review, 50 penetrations were reviewed, screened, and analyzed, as appropriate and the database was updated based upon previous methodology. Of these penetrations, the 16 gravity drain penetrations that provide hydraulic connectivity between the flooding source and the levee -impacted area were found to have compliant closure structures. A map summary and table summary of the penetrations and associated structures are included in this report as Exhibits 2B and 3B, respectively.
That analysis was completed during this due diligence review. Additional supporting documentation used for screening and analysis is provided in Appendix E.
For penetrations within the RALS that were determined (during the screening process) to require a full engineering evaluation to make a final determination of acceptability based on risk, their evaluation is summarized in Appendix A of this report. After evaluation, if an exception to ULDC is required for any of the above-referenced criteria, that risk assessment and any work plan are discussed in the TM in Appendix B.
3.5 Due Diligence Review; ULDC and FEMA Compliance
Mead & Hunt has updated the database, verified existing information, screened and flagged penetrations requiring engineering evaluation, and completed those additional evaluations. The evaluation includes some exceptions to ULDC based upon corresponding risk considerations and work plan development for certain exceptions.
Mead & Hunt has determined that the RALS compliance with ULDC Section 7.13 and FEMA 44 CFR
65.10(b)(2) criteria for penetrations is acceptable with the exceptions discussed in Appendix B and has concluded that there are no anticipated impacts to the reliability of the RALS’s performance during its full range of loading to the HTOL.
9 4.1 Purpose
The purpose of the evaluation conducted as part of this effort was to assess the existing levee floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures for compliance with ULDC and FEMA criteria. The as-built drawings of the floodwalls and closure structures within the RALS are provided in Appendix E, and a summary map and summary table of the floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures are shown in Exhibits 2C and 3C, respectively.
4.2 Criteria
The floodwall, retaining wall, and closure structure strength and stability analysis was based on the same criteria used in our previous certification report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). Criteria for floodwalls and other hydraulic retaining walls is outlined in EM 1110-2-2502. The following ULDC Section 7.14 criteria was considered for the referenced closure structures:
Current USACE design guidance for special features such as floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures is to be followed. This information is included in EM 1110-2-1913, EM 1110-2- 2502, EC 1110-2-6067, and ETL 1110-2-5711. Because design considerations for floodwalls are still evolving since the 2005 New Orleans flood, caution should be used when designing and assessing these structures. All global slope stability and embankment through -seepage and underseepage safety criteria requirements are applicable for floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures on levees. In addition, the civil engineer must evaluate and address the potential for the floodwall to induce settlement in the levee.
For closure structures, the civil engineer needs to provide the following information: maintaining entity, levee mile, Global Positioning System coordinates, Board permit number (if applicable)2, structure details, length of time to close structure, location, and type of materials for closure, structure dimensions, age, and performance history.
Closure structures need to be tested at least once a year before the flood season so that crews responsible for implementing the structures are familiar with their operation and to provide assurance that all parts are present and in working order.
FEMA 44 CFR 65.10(b)(2) provides criteria for assessment of the UPRR stoplog closure structure s in the Robla Creek South Levee and Arcade Creek North Levee as these facilities provide hydraulic connectivity between the flooding source and the levee impacted area. The FEMA criteria states: “All openings must
1 The EC and ETL have expired and the EM 1110-2-2502, Floodwalls and other Hydraulic Retaining Structures, has been updated since the ULDC publication.
2 The UPRR stoplog closures in the Robla Creek South Levee and Arcade Creek North Levee were original constructed under CVFPB permits 14477 and 14479 respectively, and modifications were implemented under permits 16032 and 16033-A.
10 be provided with closure devices that are structural parts of the system during operation and design according to sound engineering practices.”
4.3 Methodology
The floodwall, retaining wall, and closure structure analysis followed the same methodology used in our previous certification report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). Original designs or as-built drawings were obtained from SAFCA, facility owners, and site investigations. Updated plans were provided to Mead & Hunt and reviewed/incorporated.
The on-site condition assessment for each floodwall, retaining wall and closure structure facility was completed separately. The UPRR stoplog structures also include removable components that are stored in the City’s North Area service yard at 918 Del Paso Road. Visual inspection of materials was conducted, and the City inventoried the materials. The trial operation of each closure structure by City was observed by Mead & Hunt.
Retaining walls within the zone of influence of the levees were identified through field investigations and drawing reviews. The initial screening indicated that undrained reinforced concrete retaining walls three (3) feet or less in retained height and in sound condition do not create a significant risk to levee stability.
Landside retaining walls beyond 10 feet from the projected toe of the levee slope were excluded from structural stability analysis unless determined to influence the stability of the maintenance zone at the landside toe of the levee.
4.4 Results
As part of this due diligence review, Mead & Hunt reviewed previous information and as -builts, as well as modified plans for the RALS floodwalls, closure structures, and retaining walls as part of our analysis. For our condition assessments of floodwalls, closure structures, and retaining walls, a visual inspection (field investigation) took place in April 2024. The trial installations of the two (2) closure structure installations in the RALS have been overseen by Mead & Hunt (in accordance with the agreed upon City of Sacramento trial closure schedule), and no significant issues were found.
Exhibits 2B and 3C locate and identify the seven (7) floodwall reaches in the RALS. No floodwall modifications have been made to the RALS floodwalls since the original installations. The details for floodwall construction are included in drawing sets for the applicable levee reach included in Appendix E.
Two stoplog-type closure structures are located within the RALS at UPRR crossings:
• Arcade Creek North Levee UPRR crossing stoplog structure • Robla Creek South Levee UPRR crossing stoplog structure
The structures consist of reinforced concrete headwalls and sills with removable aluminum stoplogs and steel I-beam supports. The structures were originally constructed in 1986 by the City of Sacramento and later raised, strengthened, and modified under SAFCA’s levee improvements in 1995 and 1996. The details for closure structure construction are included in the drawing sets for the applicable levee reaches
11 enclosed in Appendices E6, E8, and E14. The Arcade Creek North Levee UPRR closure was found to have a grade beam extending from the top of rail, through the railroad ballast and 3-feet into the railroad bed providing an effective cutoff. The Robla Creek South Levee UPRR closure was found to have a grade beam extending 4 feet deep into the railroad bed, but the grade beam does not extend through the railroad ballast for the width of the railroad ties. The sill for the stoplog support is constructed using 10- foot-long precast concrete planks resting on the rail ties. A potential seepage window exists between the bottom of the sill planks and the top of the grade beam. However, the potential seepage through the railroad ballast was judged to not create a stability risk due to limited seepage velocity that would not mobilize the rock ballast. Limited modifications to these stoplog closures have recently been constructed, and the drawing set is included in Appendix E4.
The closure structures are operated and maintained by the City of Sacramento Department of Public Works. Trial closures are conducted once every five years (instead of annually). The recent trial closure report for the stoplog structures is included in Appendix E5. An exception TM for annual trial installation for these closure structures is included in Appendix C.
A total of 8 retaining walls were identified within the zone of influence of the RALS levees. Two (2) retaining walls on private properties identified in prior assessments have been removed through encroachment remediation efforts. Seven (7) retaining walls were previously identified as requiring structural evaluation, all within the City/County pump stations at:
• City Sump 140 at the landside toe
• City Sumo 157 (3 sections) at the waterside edge of levee crown • City Sump 158 (3 sections) at the landside toe.
The one (1) remaining retaining wall is a privately constructed concrete block wall at the landside toe of the Arcade Creek North Levee Station 5081+00, at 1026 Rivera Drive, previously found to be structurally insignificant due to minimal retained height.
4.4.1 Analysis Results
No additional analyses were required for the RALS floodwalls, closure structures, and retaining walls. The revised plans for the closure structures were reviewed and found to be in compliance with the standards and guidance for closure structures as indicated in this report and during previous efforts (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015).
4.4.2 Condition Assessment Results
The Robla Creek South Levee and Arcade Creek North Levee floodwalls were field inspected in April 2024 and found to be well-maintained and in serviceable condition for their intended use.
The retaining walls were also field inspected in December 2023, and each location was found to be unaltered. The walls requiring structural evaluation were found to be well -maintained and in serviceable condition for their intended use.
The two (2) closure structures (UPRR stoplog structures at the Robla Creek South Levee and Arcade Creek North Levee) were field inspected and found to be acceptable for the intended use
12 as documented in (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). The operations are guided by the City’s Emergency Response Plan (ERP), Chapter 7, a copy of which is included in Appendix 8 of our previous certification report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). The plan outlines the following: a) Flood Procedures; b) Floodgate Locations; c) Materials Required for Floodgate Closure; d) Floodgate Threshold Elevations; and e) an outline of the Annual Flood Preparedness Plan and Procedures.
Multiple trial closures were witnessed by Mead & Hunt with the latest in 2021. During the February 2019 flood event, an emergency closure was necessary, and Mead & Hunt inspected the completed facility. The TMs documenting the trial closures are included in Appendix E5. The City has scheduled trial installations for the UPRR stoplog locations on a 5-year basis to minimize impacts upon critical railroad operations. Each fall, the items for stoplog closures (identified in the ERP) are inventoried and inspected. Mead & Hunt has determined that the set 5-year cycle, as opposed to an annual testing cycle, is acceptable, due to the City’s preparedness and training, but requires an exception to the ULDC.
4.5 Due Diligence Review; ULDC and FEMA Compliance
Mead & Hunt has determined that the RALS is in compliance with ULDC Section 7.14 and FEMA 44 CFR
65.10(b)(2) criteria for floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures, with the exception of the operation/installation cycle of the UPRR stoplog gates. These UPRR stoplog closure structures are both in good working order, and there are no anticipated impacts on the reliability of the RALS’s performance during its full range of loading to the HTOL.
Due to the logistics of closing the UPRR for trial closures, the City’s extensive preparedness, and the success of recent improvements and trial closures, Mead & Hunt has recommended that the UPRR trial closures be conducted on not more than a 5-year cycle, which requires an exception to the ULDC Section
7.14 and FEMA 44 CFR 65.10(c)(1)(iii) required annual testing cycle. The justification for this exception is included in this report as Appendix C.
13 5.1 Scope of Analysis
Because the updated analysis criteria and methodology for the wind setup and wave runup analysis is voluminous, it is fully contained in Appendix D and not reproduced here, only summarized.
ULDC 7.17 requires a wind-wave analysis. The wind setup and wave runup distances must be computed and added to the median 200-year still water surface elevation, and the resultant shall be no more than the required minimum top of levee (MTOL). Additionally, wind setup and wave runup must also be computed to support the analysis of erosion and overtopping impacts.
The formation and magnitude of wind-generated waves against shoreline structures are controlled by the physical conditions present on and near the shore, such as slope and roughness of the structure, wind speed, and distance over which wind blows (fetch length). Evaluations documented the Wind Wave Analysis and determined the wind setup and the runup for the 2 percent exceedance wave (wave runup which is exceeded by 2 percent of waves on average). The analyses were performed at the location on the levees expected to generate the largest wind setup and wave runup.
5.2 Results
Wind and wave analysis for the RALS was completed in 2015 and updated in 2024, in accordance with the requirements of ULDC 7.17. The Automated Coastal Engineering System (ACES) model, which is based on the U.S. Army Coastal Engineering Research Center’s Shore Protection Manual, was the primary tool for calculating wind setup and wave runup. Design wind speed with a return period of 72.6 years and a duration of two (2) minutes was used, in accordance with ULDC 7.17. Results in Appendix D indicate that the maximum combined wind setup and wave runup is 3.0 feet or less. The effects of wind setup and wave runup on the MTOL and erosion are found in MBK’s Engineer’s Report, sections for ULDC 7.2 and ULDC 7.10, respectively.
5.3 Due Diligence Review and ULDC Compliance
Mead & Hunt has updated the previous wind setup and wave runup analysis for the RALS utilizing the most applicable and current data available for wind speed, terrain, and water surface elevation, as shown in Appendix D. Mead & Hunt has determined that the RALS is in compliance with ULDC Section 7.17 criteria for wind setup and wave runup.
14 6.1 Purpose
The purpose of the O&M Manual review was to ensure existing O&M manuals comply with ULDC and FEMA requirements and provide any additional reviews needed for elements not previously included.
This current effort does not trigger any additional USACE-approved O&M manual reviews.
Levees in the study area are maintained by ARFCD, but the governing O&M manuals are those developed by USACE. The updated Unit No. 118 – Part No. 2 supplement to the standard O&M manual for the Sacramento River Flood Control Project was issued on January 28, 2023. The update addressed revisions to address the details of the most recent levee remediation contracts.
The review of the closure structure operations by the City of Sacramento is summarized in Section 4.
The City of Sacramento maintains equipment operation and maintenance manuals at each pump station .
Mead & Hunt also compiled the pump operational data and setpoints for the drainage pump stations in RALS for review.
6.2 Criteria
ULDC requires that levee systems must have an O&M manual consistent with USACE requirements. All facilities providing the necessary urban level of flood protection must be operated and maintained by an identified public agency. Where the levee system has more than one agency with O&M responsibilities, they are required to coordinate efforts. FEMA 44 CFR 65.10(c) provides criteria for operations plans, and part (d) provides criteria for levee system maintenance plans.
6.3 Results
The O&M manuals and operating procedures were found to cover all system components ; the levee system, closure structures, and the pump stations. Each of these three components is operated by different public agencies with the authority and resources to do so. As there is little overlap in O&M between these entities, minimal coordination is necessary; however, each entity was found to understand its role in system operation.
The O&M manual and operating procedures for the pump stations were reviewed with the City and found to accurately represent the facility operations and maintenance needs.
6.4 Due Diligence Review and ULDC Compliance
Mead & Hunt has determined that the RALS is in compliance with ULDC Section 7.20 criteria for O&M manuals, as well as FEMA 44 CFR 65.10 (c) for operation plans for closure structures and pump stations and 65.10(d) for levee system maintenance plans.
15 Based on our due diligence activities on the RALS, Mead & Hunt has concluded that the overall condition of the RALS has not significantly changed since the ULDC and FEMA certification efforts documented in (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015). It is our professional opinion that RALS meets ULDC requirements for Sections 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, 7.17, and 7.20 for Encroachments, Penetrations, Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures, Wind Setup and Wave Runup, and O&M Manuals, respectively – pending mitigation plan items discussed in the penetration work plan TM in Appendix B. It is also our professional opinion that RALS meets FEMA criteria in accordance with 44 CFR 65.10(b)(2) for the gravity drain penetrations, and the UPRR stoplog closure structures. Other conclusions and recommendations pertaining to the RALS are discussed below.
7.1 Conclusions
The following conclusions have been made for each area covered in this report.
7.1.1 Encroachments
The previous ULDC and FEMA certification efforts conducted are covered in our prior report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015), and no high-risk encroachments were flagged by Mead & Hunt (confirmed by MBK). RALS is determined to be in compliance with ULDC criteria Section 7.12.
7.1.2 Penetrations
The previous ULDC and FEMA certification efforts conducted are covered in our prior report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015), and all current efforts are discussed in this report. RALS is determined to be in compliance with ULDC criteria Section 7.13, EM 1110-2-1913, and FEMA criteria in accordance with 44 CFR 65.10(b)(2), with exceptions. The mitigation plan for finalizing the penetration documentation is described in Appendix B.
7.1.3 Floodwalls, Retaining Walls and Closure Structures The previous ULDC and FEMA certification efforts conducted are covered in our prior report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015), and current efforts are discussed in this report. RALS is determined to be in compliance with ULDC criteria Section 7.14 and FEMA criteria in accordance with 44 CFR
65.10(b)(2), with the inclusion of the ULDC exception for the frequency of trial operation of the UPRR closure structures included in Appendix C.
7.1.4 Wind Setup and Wave Runup
The previous ULDC and FEMA certification efforts conducted are covered in our prior report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015), and current efforts are discussed in this report. RALS is determined to be in compliance with ULDC criteria Section 7.17.
7.1.5 Operation and Maintenance Manuals
The previous ULDC and FEMA certification efforts conducted are covered in our prior report (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015), and all current efforts are discussed in this report. RALS is determined to be in compliance with ULDC criteria Section 7.20.
16 7.2 Recommendations
Below is a list of Mead & Hunt’s recommendations for the RALS. 1) The encroachments, penetrations, floodwalls, retaining walls, and closure structures either discussed in this report or previously reported (Mead & Hunt, Inc., 2015) in the RALS should continue to be maintained and kept in good operating condition, monitored, and inspected per ULDC requirements and applicable O&M manuals.
2) Aging infrastructure, especially penetrations, should be routinely evaluated for condition assessment based on future inspections. The local maintaining agency should coordinate with owners of encroachments to replace and update as required to maintain the performance of the RALS with assistance from the CVFPB, if necessary.
3) The mitigation plans for ULDC exceptions, described in Appendix B, should be carried out.
SAFCA should request monthly updates on the status of the resolution with the responsible parties.
4) The UPRR stoplog closures should continue to be trial-operated on a 5-year cycle with annual preparedness conducted in the fall.
5) The RALS should continue to be operated and maintained in accordance with the approved O&M manuals.
7.3 Limitations
Mead & Hunt’s services were performed in a manner consistent with the degree of skill and care ordinarily exercised by members of the profession currently practicing in the same locality under similar conditions.
No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the completion of the work supporting this ULDC/FEMA Due Diligence Report. Our professional services were limited to supporting engineering opinions needed to address ULDC criteria for encroachments, penetrations, floodwalls and closure structures, wind setup and wave runup, and O&M manuals.
Our conclusions regarding the condition and safety of the RALS, related facilities, and their conformance to ULDC criteria are not stated as a guarantee but they do represent our best professional judgment. This judgment must be recognized as affected to a certain degree by the practical limitations that affect all evaluations of constructed water-retention structures, relative principally to the approximate knowledge of the condition and properties of the foundation materials and existing structures.
The conclusions we present in this ULDC/FEMA Due Diligence Report are based in part upon the data obtained from limited correspondence, reports, surveys, instrumentation, testing, and surface visual observations. Actual conditions may escape detection by reporting, surveying, monitoring, testing, and visual inspection/observation and may be unknowingly different from the conditions described in this report. The nature and extent of such variations may not become evident until the levees experience high water conditions or when further tests and evaluations are performed. If variations from the described conditions are encountered, additional investigations and assessments of the levee condition and performance may need to be conducted. It may be necessary to revise the conclusions and recommendations described herein, and/or undertake additional remediation measures.
17 All conclusions and recommendations are based on the data and limitations described above, but they are also based on this specific snapshot in time, assuming that proper inspection, maintenance, repair, and replacement by utility owners and enforcement of the condition requirements of the permits by the CVFPB. Special attention should be paid to documenting the performance and condition of penetrations that are anticipated to be at the end of their useful life.
Based on our due diligence activities on the RALS, Mead & Hunt completed this report using the following references.
California Department of Water Resources. (2012). Urban Levee Design Criteria. Sacramento, CA:
FloodSafe California.
Mead & Hunt, Inc. (2015). Sacramento Area Levee Recertification Project. Sacramento, CA.
SAFCA. (2016). Adequate Progress Towards an Urban Level of Flood Protection. Sacramento.
SAFCA Sacramento FEMA Certification White Paper for Addressing Encroachments. (2014, July 21).
Sacramento, CA.
US Army Corps of Engineers. (2000, April 30). EM 1110-2-1913 Design and Construction of Levees.
Washington, DC.
US Army Corps of Engineers. (2020, December 31). Conduits, Pipes, and Culverts Associated with Dams and Levee Systems. Washington, DC.
US Army Corps of Engineers. (2022, August 1). EM 1110-2-2502 Floodwalls and Other Hydraulic Retaining Walls. Washington, DC.
EXHIBIT 1. SAFCA Levee Basin Map
§¨¦5 ·|}þ99
Dry Creek North Levee
Robla Creek South Levee
NEMDC East Levee
Arcade Creek North Levee
Arcade Creek South Levee
NEMDC East Levee
American River North Levee
American River
South Levee
Sacramento River East Levee
§¨¦80
£¤50
)*+,-80
Dry
Creek
Arcade Creek
NEM
DC
American River
Sacramento
River
Sacramento
River
City
of
Sacramento
City of
West Sacramento
§¨¦5
§¨¦80
Beach Lake /
Morrison Creek North Levee
Morrison
Creek
·|}þ99
Magpie Creek Diversion Channel
NEMDC
West Levee
PGCC
West Levee
NCC
South Levee
Sacramento River
East Levee
American River
North Levee
South Sacramento
Streams Group
Sacramento
County
Source: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics, and the GIS User Community ³
0 1.5 3
Miles
SAFCA Levee Certification
Levee Systems
Legend
Levee System
American North
American South
Dry Creek
Robla-Arcade
Natomas Basin
South Sacramento
Streams Group
(certified)
SAFCA Boundary
Major Highways
R:\_Flood Control\SAFCA\FEMA_Certification\GIS\maps\SAFCA Levee Certification basins 093022.mxd
EXHIBIT 2A. Map Summary of Encroachments
3161+003162+003163+003164+003165+003166+003167+003168+003169+003170+003171+003173+003172+003174+003175+003176+003177+003178+003179+003180+003181+003182+003183+003184+003185+003186+003187+003188+003190+003189+003191+00 3192+00
6001+00
6002+00
6003+00
6004+00
6005+00
6006+00
6007+00
6008+00
6009+00
6010+00
6011+00
6012+00
6013+00
6014+00
6016+00
6015+00
351
856
1142
1624
16261627
1630
1631
1637
4194
4195¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
LeveeCenterline_Route
Encroachments
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Encroachments
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 1 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
3119+003120+003121+003122+003123+003124+003125+003126+003128+003127+003129+003130+003131+003132+003133+003134+003135+003136+003137+003138+003139+003140+003142+003141+003143+003144+003145+003147+003146+003148+003149+003150+003151+003152+003153+003154+003155+003156+003157+003158+003159+003161+003160+003162+003163+003164+003165+00 857
950
1090
1624¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
LeveeCenterline_Route
Encroachments
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Encroachments
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 2 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
3077+003079+003078+003080+003081+003082+003083+003085+003084+003086+003087+003088+003089+003090+003091+003092+003093+003095+003094+003096+003097+003098+003099+003100+003102+003101+003103+003104+003106+003105+003107+003108+003109+003111+003110+003112+003113+003114+003115+003116+003118+003117+003119+003120+003121+003122+003123+00 827
927
1045
1121
1169
16131614
1616
41924193¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
LeveeCenterline_Route
Encroachments
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Encroachments
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 3 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
5001+00
5002+00
5003+00
5004+00
5006+00
5005+00
5007+00
5008+00
5009+00
5010+00
5011+00
5012+00
5014+00
5013+00
5015+00
5016+00
5017+00
5018+00
3056+003057+003058+003059+003060+003061+003062+003063+003064+003065+003067+003066+003068+003069+003070+003071+003072+003074+003073+003075+003076+003077+003079+003078+003080+003081+00 1585
1586
1587
1619
4190
4191¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
LeveeCenterline_Route
Encroachments
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Encroachments
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 4 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
6010+006011+006012+006013+006014+00 6016+006015+00 6017+006018+006019+00 6021+006020+00 6022+006023+006024+006025+006026+006027+006028+006029+006030+006031+006032+00 6034+006033+00 6035+006036+006037+006038+00 6040+006039+00 6041+006042+006043+006044+006045+006046+006047+006048+00 6050+006049+00 6051+006052+006053+006054+006055+006056+006057+00 96 94
95 383
390
613
615 616
617
619
624
625
4196
4197
4198¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
LeveeCenterline_Route
Encroachments
Linear Encroachments
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Encroachments
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 5 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
6052+006053+006054+006055+006056+006057+006058+006059+006060+006061+00 6063+006062+00 6064+00
6065+00
6066+006067+006068+006069+006070+006071+00
6072+00
6073+00
6074+00
6075+00
6076+00
6077+006078+006079+00
6080+00
6081+00
6082+00
6083+006084+00
6085+00
6087+00
6086+00
6088+00
6089+00
6090+00
6091+00
6092+006093+006094+00
6095+00
6096+00
6097+00
6098+00
6099+00
6101+00
6100+00
6102+00
97 901
378
624
625
626
627628
629
630
635
636
637
710
4199
4200
4201
4202
4203¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
LeveeCenterline_Route
Encroachments
Linear Encroachments
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Encroachments
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 6 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
6098+006099+00 6101+006100+00 6102+006103+006104+006105+006106+006107+006108+00 6118+006117+006116+006115+006114+006113+006112+006111+006110+006109+00 98 99
3378
3379
3380
3381
4204
4206¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
LeveeCenterline_Route
Encroachments
Linear Encroachments
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Encroachments
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 7 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
5016+005017+005018+005019+00
5021+005020+00
5022+005023+005024+005025+00
5027+005026+00
5028+00
5029+00
5030+00
5031+005032+00
5033+00
5034+00
5035+00
5036+00
5037+00
5038+005039+005040+005041+005042+005043+005044+005045+005046+005047+005048+00 5050+005049+00 5051+005052+005053+005054+005055+005056+00 5057+00
5059+00
5058+00
5060+00
5061+00
5062+00
5063+00
5065+005064+00 5066+00
906
1038
1037
948
1011
1055
1147
1165
1191
1639 1640
1641
1642
1643
1645
1655
4187
4188
4189¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
LeveeCenterline_Route
Encroachments
Linear Encroachments
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Encroachments
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 8 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
5063+00
5065+005064+00 5066+005067+005068+005069+005070+005071+005072+005073+005074+005075+005076+00 5078+00
5077+00
5079+005080+005081+005082+005083+005084+00
5085+00
5086+005087+005088+00
5090+005089+00
5091+005092+005093+005094+005095+005096+00
5098+00
5097+00
5099+00
5100+00
5101+00
5102+00
5103+00
5104+00
5105+00
5106+00
5107+00
5108+00
5109+005110+005111+00
5112+00
10381037
1035
906
1039
1040
1036
931
948
1011
1021
1656
1659
1660
1661
1665
1667
1685
1686
3383
3384
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
4180
4181
4182
4183
4185
4187¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
LeveeCenterline_Route
Encroachments
Linear Encroachments
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Encroachments
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 9 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
EXHIBIT 2B. Map Summary of Penetrations and Associated
Structures
3171+00
3173+00
3172+00
3174+00
3175+00
3176+00
3177+00
3178+00
3179+00
3180+00
3181+00
3182+00
3183+00
3184+00
3185+00
3186+00
3187+00
3188+00
3190+00
3189+00
3191+00
3192+00
6001+00
6002+00
6003+00
6004+00
6005+00
6006+00
6007+006008+006009+006010+006011+006012+006013+006014+00 6016+006015+00 6017+006018+006019+00 6021+006020+00 6022+006023+006024+006025+00 344
353
354
357
365
374
392
1141
3351
3352¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Conduit or Cable
Pipe
Associated Valve or Control
Structure
Parallel Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Penetrations
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 1 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
3129+00
3130+00
3131+00
3132+00
3133+00
3134+00
3135+00
3136+00
3137+00
3138+00
3139+00
3140+00
3142+00
3141+00
3143+00
3144+00
3145+00
3147+00
3146+00
3148+00
3149+00
3150+00
3151+00
3152+00
3153+00
3154+00
836
925
1111
1168
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Pipe
Associated Valve or Control
Structure
Parallel Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Penetrations
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 2 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
3087+00
3088+00
3089+00
3090+00
3091+00
3092+00
3093+00
3095+00
3094+00
3096+00
3097+00
3098+00
3099+00
3100+00
3102+00
3101+00
3103+00
3104+00
3106+00
3105+00
3107+00
3108+00
3109+00
3111+00
3110+00
3112+00
979
980
1000
1065¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Pipe
Parallel Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Penetrations
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 3 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
5001+005002+00
5003+00
5004+00
5006+00
5005+00
5007+00
5008+00
5009+00
5010+00
5011+00
5012+00
5014+005013+00
5015+005016+005017+005018+005019+00
5021+005020+00
5022+005023+005024+005025+00
5027+005026+00
5028+00
5029+00
5030+00
3056+00
3057+00
3058+00
3059+00
3060+00
3061+00
3062+00
3063+00
3064+00
3065+00
3067+00
3066+00
3068+00
3069+00
3070+00
3071+00
994
1038
1104
1105
1154
1178
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
3249
3250
3251¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Conduit or Cable
Pipe
Associated Valve or Control
Structure
Parallel Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Penetrations
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 4 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
6010+006011+006012+006013+006014+00 6016+006015+00 6017+006018+006019+00 6021+006020+00 6022+006023+006024+006025+006026+006027+006028+006029+006030+006031+006032+00 6034+006033+00
6035+006036+006037+006038+00
6040+006039+00
6041+006042+006043+006044+006045+006046+006047+006048+00 6050+006049+00
6051+006052+006053+006054+006055+006056+006057+006058+00 350
353
368
372
384
395
614
618
620
621
623
3375¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Pipe
Associated Valve or Control
Structure
Parallel Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Penetrations
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 5 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
6051+006052+006053+006054+006055+006056+006057+006058+006059+006060+006061+00 6063+00
6062+00
6064+00
6065+00
6066+00
6067+006068+006069+006070+006071+00
6072+00
6073+00
6074+00
6075+00
6076+00
6077+00
6078+00
6079+00
6080+00
6081+00
6082+00
6083+00
6084+006085+00
6087+006086+00
6088+006089+006090+006091+006092+006093+00
6094+006095+006096+006097+006098+006099+00
6101+006100+00
6102+00
370
375
621
622
623
631
632
633
3313
3314
3315
4207
4208¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Conduit or Cable
Pipe
Associated Valve or Control
Structure
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Penetrations
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 6 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
6096+006097+006098+006099+00
6101+006100+00
6102+006103+006104+006105+00
6106+00
6107+00
6108+00
6118+006117+006116+006115+006114+006113+006112+006111+006110+006109+00 638
639
640
4205
4209¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Pipe
Associated Valve or Control
Structure
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Penetrations
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 7 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
5016+005017+005018+005019+00
5021+005020+00
5022+005023+005024+005025+00
5027+005026+00
5028+00
5029+00
5030+00
5031+005032+00
5033+00
5034+00
5035+00
5036+00
5037+00
5038+005039+005040+005041+005042+005043+005044+005045+005046+005047+005048+00 5050+005049+00 5051+005052+005053+005054+005055+005056+00 5057+00
5059+00
5058+00
5060+00
5061+00
5062+00
5063+00
5065+005064+00 5066+00
852
895
896
989
1012 1041
1056
1078
1079
1099
1104
1105
1140
1146
1164
1166
1171
1190
1644
1646
1647
1652
1653
1654
1765
3249
3250
3251
3312
3316
3317¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Abandoned Pipe
Conduit or Cable
Pipe
Associated Valve or Control
Structure
Parallel Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Penetrations
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 8 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
5063+00
5065+005064+00 5066+005067+005068+005069+005070+005071+005072+005073+005074+005075+005076+00 5078+00
5077+00
5079+005080+005081+005082+005083+005084+00
5085+00
5086+005087+005088+00
5090+005089+00
5091+005092+005093+005094+005095+005096+00
5098+00
5097+00
5099+00
5100+00
5101+00
5102+00
5103+00
5104+00
5105+00
5106+00
5107+00
5108+00
5109+005110+005111+00
5112+00
833
834
852
863
865
885
886
887
895
896
906
907
932
955
957
958
977
978
997
1012
1023
1041
1042
1043
1062
1063
1078
1079
1087
1088
1099
1108
1109
1110
1126
1127
1140
1150
1151
1166
1174
1175
1176
1194
1195
1658
1662
1666
3205
3206
3316
3317
3321
3168
3169
3170
3624
3625
3626
4184¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Abandoned Pipe
Conduit or Cable
Pipe
Associated Valve or Control
Structure
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Penetrations
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 9 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
EXHIBIT 2C. Map Summary of Closure Structures, Retaining Walls, and Floodwalls
3156+003157+003158+003159+003161+003160+003162+003163+003164+003165+003166+003167+003168+003169+003170+003171+003173+003172+003174+003175+003176+003177+003178+003179+003180+003181+003182+003183+003184+003185+003186+003187+003188+003190+003189+003191+00 3192+00
6001+00
6002+00
6003+00
6004+00
6005+00
6006+00
6007+00
6008+00
6009+00
6010+00
6011+00
6012+00
6013+00
6014+00
6016+00
6015+00
6017+00
6018+00
385¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Closure Structure
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 1 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
3114+003115+003116+003118+003117+003119+003120+003121+003122+003123+003124+003125+003126+003128+003127+003129+003130+003131+003132+003133+003134+003135+003136+003137+003138+003139+003140+003142+003141+003143+003144+003145+003147+003146+003148+003149+003150+003151+003152+003153+003154+003155+003156+003157+003158+003159+003161+003160+003162+003163+003164+003165+003166+003167+003168+003169+003170+00 447
446 448¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Retaining Wall
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 2 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
3074+003073+003075+003076+003077+003079+003078+003080+003081+003082+003083+003085+003084+003086+003087+003088+003089+003090+003091+003092+003093+003095+003094+003096+003097+003098+003099+003100+003102+003101+003103+003104+003106+003105+003107+003108+003109+003111+003110+003112+003113+003114+003115+003116+003118+003117+003119+003120+003121+003122+003123+003124+003125+003126+003128+003127+00¯ 0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 3 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
5001+00
5002+00
5003+00
5004+00
5006+00
5005+00
5007+00
5008+00
5009+00
5010+00
5011+00
5012+00
5014+00
5013+00
5015+00
5016+00
5017+00
5018+00
5019+00
5021+00
5020+00
3056+003057+003058+003059+003060+003061+003062+003063+003064+003065+003067+003066+003068+003069+003070+003071+003072+003074+003073+003075+003076+003077+003079+003078+003080+003081+003082+003083+003085+003084+003086+00 993¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Closure Structure
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 4 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
6004+00
6005+00
6006+00
6007+00
6008+00
6009+006010+006011+006012+006013+006014+00 6016+006015+00 6017+006018+006019+00 6021+006020+00 6022+006023+006024+006025+006026+006027+006028+006029+006030+006031+006032+00 6034+006033+00 6035+006036+006037+006038+00 6040+006039+00 6041+006042+006043+006044+006045+006046+006047+006048+00 6050+006049+00 6051+006052+006053+006054+006055+006056+006057+006058+006059+006060+006061+006062+00 904¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Retaining Wall
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 5 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
6047+006048+00 6050+006049+00 6051+006052+006053+006054+006055+006056+006057+006058+006059+006060+006061+00 6063+006062+00 6064+006065+006066+006067+006068+006069+006070+006071+00 6072+00
6073+00
6074+00
6075+00
6076+00
6077+006078+006079+00
6080+00
6081+00
6082+00
6083+006084+00
6085+00
6087+00
6086+00
6088+00
6089+00
6090+00
6091+00
6092+006093+006094+00
6095+00
6096+00
6097+00
6098+00
6099+00
6101+00
6100+00
6102+00
6103+00
6104+00
6105+00
6106+00
6107+00
6108+00
289
288¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Floodwall
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 6 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
6093+00
6094+006095+006096+006097+006098+006099+00 6101+006100+00 6102+006103+006104+006105+006106+006107+006108+00 6118+006117+006116+006115+006114+006113+006112+006111+006110+006109+00¯ 0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 7 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
5011+005012+00
5014+005013+00
5015+005016+005017+005018+005019+00
5021+005020+00
5022+005023+005024+005025+00
5027+005026+00
5028+00
5029+00
5030+00
5031+005032+00
5033+00
5034+00
5035+00
5036+00
5037+00
5038+005039+005040+005041+005042+005043+005044+005045+005046+005047+005048+00 5050+005049+00 5051+005052+005053+005054+005055+005056+005057+00 5059+005058+00
5060+00
5061+00
5062+005063+00
5065+005064+00 5066+005067+005068+005069+005070+005071+00 909
908
285
245
907¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Floodwall
Retaining Wall
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 8 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
5059+005058+00
5060+005061+005062+005063+00
5065+005064+00 5066+005067+005068+005069+005070+005071+005072+005073+005074+005075+005076+00 5078+00
5077+00
5079+005080+005081+005082+005083+005084+00
5085+00
5086+005087+005088+00
5090+005089+00 5091+005092+005093+005094+005095+005096+00 5098+00
5097+00
5099+00
5100+00
5101+005102+00
5103+00
5104+00
5105+00
5106+00
5107+005108+00
5109+005110+005111+00
5112+00
285
449
245
247
246
248¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Floodwall
Retaining Wall
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South, Arcade North and
NEMDC East Levee System
Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program Page 9 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
EXHIBIT 3A1. Table Summary of Encroachments (non-linear)
Robla - Arcade Levee System (RALS) - Encroachments
SAFCA ID Levee Unit Station Category Subcategory Owner
351 Robla South Levee AR06 6000+69 Valve Positive Closure Vault City of Sacramento 4195 Robla South Levee AR06 6001+01 Gate
613 Robla South Levee AR06 6023+98 Pole Electrical NA
4196 Robla South Levee AR06 6025+78 Gate
383 Robla South Levee AR06 6029+12 Pump Station Drainage City of Sacramento 390 Robla South Levee AR06 6029+22 Pump Station Drainage City of Sacramento 616 Robla South Levee AR06 6029+88 Stairway Concrete City of Sacramento 617 Robla South Levee AR06 6030+09 Drop Inlet Landside Drainage City of Sacramento 615 Robla South Levee AR06 6032+37 Stairway Concrete City of Sacramento 619 Robla South Levee AR06 6032+89 Drop Inlet Landside Drainage City of Sacramento 4197 Robla South Levee AR06 6037+54 Gate
4198 Robla South Levee AR06 6039+89 Gate
625 Robla South Levee AR06 6053+84 Other powerlines PG&E 624 Robla South Levee AR06 6054+27 Other powerlines PG&E 626 Robla South Levee AR06 6057+55 Well Monitoring Well NA 628 Robla South Levee AR06 6066+00 Well Abandoned Pump SAFCA 627 Robla South Levee AR06 6066+05 Pole Abandoned Electrical SAFCA 378 Robla South Levee AR06 6072+24 Bridge Road City of Sacramento 629 Robla South Levee AR06 6078+40 Pole Electrical NA
4200 Robla South Levee AR06 6078+45 Gate
4199 Robla South Levee AR06 6078+46 Gate
710 Robla South Levee AR06 6078+53 Pole Electrical NA
4201 Robla South Levee AR06 6079+56 Gate
630 Robla South Levee AR06 6080+19 Pole Electrical NA
4203 Robla South Levee AR06 6084+03 Gate
4202 Robla South Levee AR06 6091+38 Gate
635 Robla South Levee AR06 6092+18 Other Call box NA
636 Robla South Levee AR06 6092+19 Other Stream gage NA 637 Robla South Levee AR06 6092+36 Fence Bollards NA
3380 Robla South Levee AR06 6106+31 Irrigation Sprinkler NA 4204 Robla South Levee AR06 6107+56 Gate
3381 Robla South Levee AR06 6109+24 Structure Building NA 3379 Robla South Levee AR06 6116+94 Irrigation Sprinkler NA 3378 Robla South Levee AR06 6117+05 Irrigation Sprinkler NA 4206 Robla South Levee AR06 6118+14 Pole
4190 Arcade North Levee AR07 5001+33 Gate
Robla - Arcade Levee System (RANL) - Encroachments
SAFCA ID Levee Unit Station Category Subcategory Owner
1585 Arcade North Levee AR07 5001+63 Pole Utility NA
1655 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+02 Stairway Concrete Private 1645 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+37 Other Electrical equipment 1147 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+59 Pump Station Drainage City of Sacramento 1643 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+59 Stairway Concrete Private 1191 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+89 Structure Building City of Sacramento 4189 Arcade North Levee AR07 5036+91 Gate
1055 Arcade North Levee AR07 5037+62 Pole Coaxial Cable Sacramento Cable Television 4188 Arcade North Levee AR07 5038+52 Gate
1642 Arcade North Levee AR07 5038+52 Pole Utility
1641 Arcade North Levee AR07 5042+88 Parallel Pipe Manhole - Drainage City of Sacramento 1639 Arcade North Levee AR07 5048+73 Well Monitoring Well 1640 Arcade North Levee AR07 5048+86 Well Monitoring Well 1165 Arcade North Levee AR07 5051+89 Riser City of Sacramento 948 Arcade North Levee AR07 5064+61 Pole Coaxial Cable Sacramento Cable Television 1011 Arcade North Levee AR07 5064+92 Pump Station Drainage City of Sacramento 1656 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+23 Other Electrical equipment 4187 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+42 Gate
931 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+01 Parallel Pipe Manhole - Sewer City of Sacramento 4186 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+25 Gate
1660 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+45 Pole Light
1659 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+57 Pole Utility
1021 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+74 Bridge Replaced City of Sacramento 4185 Arcade North Levee AR07 5070+63 Gate
1661 Arcade North Levee AR07 5070+78 Drop Inlet Landside Drainage 3384 Arcade North Levee AR07 5082+05 Structure
1665 Arcade North Levee AR07 5084+30 Pole Utility
3383 Arcade North Levee AR07 5090+38 Structure
3784 Arcade North Levee AR07 5094+66 Landscaping
3785 Arcade North Levee AR07 5095+19 Landscaping
3786 Arcade North Levee AR07 5097+32 Landscaping
3787 Arcade North Levee AR07 5097+81 Landscaping
1667 Arcade North Levee AR07 5098+21 Structure Building 3788 Arcade North Levee AR07 5098+24 Landscaping
4183 Arcade North Levee AR07 5100+45 Gate
4182 Arcade North Levee AR07 5100+89 Gate
Robla - Arcade Levee System (RANL) - Encroachments
SAFCA ID Levee Unit Station Category Subcategory Owner
4181 Arcade North Levee AR07 5109+31 Other Drainage inlet 4180 Arcade North Levee AR07 5110+90 Pole
1686 Arcade North Levee AR07 5111+97 Other Electrical Vault 1687 Arcade North Levee AR07 5112+03 Other Electrical Panel 1685 Arcade North Levee AR07 5112+04 Pole Utility
3147 Arcade North Levee AR07 5112+14 Bridge Road
1586 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3056+59 Other Electrical Panel NA 1587 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3056+59 Pole Electrical
4191 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3056+59 Gate
1619 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3067+38 Valve Manhole - Drainage City of Sacramento 4192 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+47 Structure
1169 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+57 Access Gate Pipe Gate 927 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+57 Bridge Road City of Sacramento 1045 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+57 Bridge Road City of Sacramento 827 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+58 Access Gate Pipe Gate 1121 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+58 Access Gate Pipe Gate 881 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+59 Access Gate Pipe Gate 4193 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+69 Structure
1616 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3091+98 Pole Electrical
1613 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3115+96 Structure Control Building 1614 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3116+07 Pole Electrical
1090 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+80 Pump Station Drainage ARFCD 857 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3132+96 Bridge Road
950 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3134+73 Pump Station Sump 157 - Single Pump 1624 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3160+77 Well Monitoring Well 1626 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3165+39 Pole Utility pole cut off at ground 1627 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3168+14 Pole Utility pole cut off at ground 1631 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3183+04 Pole Utility
1630 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3183+11 Pole RR Radio
856 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3184+09 Bridge Road City of Sacramento 1142 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3184+92 Conduit Coaxial Cable - electrical Sacramento Cable Television, Incorporated 1637 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3184+95 Pole Utility
4194 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3190+69 Gate
EXHIBIT 3A2. Table Summary of Linear Encroachments
Robla - Arcade Levee System (RALS) - Encroachments
SAFCA ID Levee Unit Station Category Subcategory Owner
351 Robla South Levee AR06 6000+69 Valve Positive Closure Vault City of Sacramento 4195 Robla South Levee AR06 6001+01 Gate
613 Robla South Levee AR06 6023+98 Pole Electrical NA
4196 Robla South Levee AR06 6025+78 Gate
383 Robla South Levee AR06 6029+12 Pump Station Drainage City of Sacramento 390 Robla South Levee AR06 6029+22 Pump Station Drainage City of Sacramento 616 Robla South Levee AR06 6029+88 Stairway Concrete City of Sacramento 617 Robla South Levee AR06 6030+09 Drop Inlet Landside Drainage City of Sacramento 615 Robla South Levee AR06 6032+37 Stairway Concrete City of Sacramento 619 Robla South Levee AR06 6032+89 Drop Inlet Landside Drainage City of Sacramento 4197 Robla South Levee AR06 6037+54 Gate
4198 Robla South Levee AR06 6039+89 Gate
625 Robla South Levee AR06 6053+84 Other powerlines PG&E 624 Robla South Levee AR06 6054+27 Other powerlines PG&E 626 Robla South Levee AR06 6057+55 Well Monitoring Well NA 628 Robla South Levee AR06 6066+00 Well Abandoned Pump SAFCA 627 Robla South Levee AR06 6066+05 Pole Abandoned Electrical SAFCA 378 Robla South Levee AR06 6072+24 Bridge Road City of Sacramento 629 Robla South Levee AR06 6078+40 Pole Electrical NA
4200 Robla South Levee AR06 6078+45 Gate
4199 Robla South Levee AR06 6078+46 Gate
710 Robla South Levee AR06 6078+53 Pole Electrical NA
4201 Robla South Levee AR06 6079+56 Gate
630 Robla South Levee AR06 6080+19 Pole Electrical NA
4203 Robla South Levee AR06 6084+03 Gate
4202 Robla South Levee AR06 6091+38 Gate
635 Robla South Levee AR06 6092+18 Other Call box NA
636 Robla South Levee AR06 6092+19 Other Stream gage NA 637 Robla South Levee AR06 6092+36 Fence Bollards NA
3380 Robla South Levee AR06 6106+31 Irrigation Sprinkler NA 4204 Robla South Levee AR06 6107+56 Gate
3381 Robla South Levee AR06 6109+24 Structure Building NA 3379 Robla South Levee AR06 6116+94 Irrigation Sprinkler NA 3378 Robla South Levee AR06 6117+05 Irrigation Sprinkler NA 4206 Robla South Levee AR06 6118+14 Pole
4190 Arcade North Levee AR07 5001+33 Gate
Robla - Arcade Levee System (RANL) - Encroachments
SAFCA ID Levee Unit Station Category Subcategory Owner
1585 Arcade North Levee AR07 5001+63 Pole Utility NA
1655 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+02 Stairway Concrete Private 1645 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+37 Other Electrical equipment 1147 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+59 Pump Station Drainage City of Sacramento 1643 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+59 Stairway Concrete Private 1191 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+89 Structure Building City of Sacramento 4189 Arcade North Levee AR07 5036+91 Gate
1055 Arcade North Levee AR07 5037+62 Pole Coaxial Cable Sacramento Cable Television 4188 Arcade North Levee AR07 5038+52 Gate
1642 Arcade North Levee AR07 5038+52 Pole Utility
1641 Arcade North Levee AR07 5042+88 Parallel Pipe Manhole - Drainage City of Sacramento 1639 Arcade North Levee AR07 5048+73 Well Monitoring Well 1640 Arcade North Levee AR07 5048+86 Well Monitoring Well 1165 Arcade North Levee AR07 5051+89 Riser City of Sacramento 948 Arcade North Levee AR07 5064+61 Pole Coaxial Cable Sacramento Cable Television 1011 Arcade North Levee AR07 5064+92 Pump Station Drainage City of Sacramento 1656 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+23 Other Electrical equipment 4187 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+42 Gate
931 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+01 Parallel Pipe Manhole - Sewer City of Sacramento 4186 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+25 Gate
1660 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+45 Pole Light
1659 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+57 Pole Utility
1021 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+74 Bridge Replaced City of Sacramento 4185 Arcade North Levee AR07 5070+63 Gate
1661 Arcade North Levee AR07 5070+78 Drop Inlet Landside Drainage 3384 Arcade North Levee AR07 5082+5 Structure
1665 Arcade North Levee AR07 5084+30 Pole Utility
3383 Arcade North Levee AR07 5090+38 Structure
3784 Arcade North Levee AR07 5094+66 Landscaping
3785 Arcade North Levee AR07 5095+19 Landscaping
3786 Arcade North Levee AR07 5097+32 Landscaping
3787 Arcade North Levee AR07 5097+81 Landscaping
1667 Arcade North Levee AR07 5098+21 Structure Building 3788 Arcade North Levee AR07 5098+24 Landscaping
4183 Arcade North Levee AR07 5100+45 Gate
4182 Arcade North Levee AR07 5100+89 Gate
Robla - Arcade Levee System (RANL) - Encroachments
SAFCA ID Levee Unit Station Category Subcategory Owner
4181 Arcade North Levee AR07 5109+31 Other Drainage inlet 4180 Arcade North Levee AR07 5110+90 Pole
1686 Arcade North Levee AR07 5111+97 Other Electrical Vault 1687 Arcade North Levee AR07 5112+03 Other Electrical Panel 1685 Arcade North Levee AR07 5112+04 Pole Utility
3147 Arcade North Levee AR07 5112+14 Bridge Road
1586 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3056+59 Other Electrical Panel NA 1587 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3056+59 Pole Electrical
4191 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3056+59 Gate
1619 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3067+38 Valve Manhole - Drainage City of Sacramento 4192 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+47 Structure
1169 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+57 Access Gate Pipe Gate 927 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+57 Bridge Road City of Sacramento 1045 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+57 Bridge Road City of Sacramento 827 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+58 Access Gate Pipe Gate 1121 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+58 Access Gate Pipe Gate 881 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+59 Access Gate Pipe Gate 4193 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3090+69 Structure
1616 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3091+98 Pole Electrical
1613 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3115+96 Structure Control Building 1614 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3116+07 Pole Electrical
1090 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+80 Pump Station Drainage ARFCD 857 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3132+96 Bridge Road
950 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3134+73 Pump Station Sump 157 - Single Pump 1624 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3160+77 Well Monitoring Well 1626 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3165+39 Pole Utility pole cut off at ground 1627 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3168+14 Pole Utility pole cut off at ground 1631 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3183+04 Pole Utility
1630 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3183+11 Pole RR Radio
856 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3184+09 Bridge Road City of Sacramento 1142 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3184+92 Conduit Coaxial Cable - electrical Sacramento Cable Television, Incorporated 1637 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3184+95 Pole Utility
4194 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3190+69 Gate
EXHIBIT 3B. Table Summary of Penetrations and Associated Structures
Robla - Arcade Levee System (RALS) - Penetrations and Parallel Pipes SAFCA ID Assoc. ID Levee Unit Station Category Subcategor y Size (In) Material Permit Number(s) Owner 392 Robla South Levee AR06 3192+00 Conduit Fiber Optic 4 PVC 14152 US Telecom 344 374 Robla South Levee AR06 6000+54 Control Structure Outfall Not Needed NA NA Ci ty of Sacramento 365 Robla South Levee AR06 6000+55 Conduit Fiber Optic 1 Cable 14043 US Sprint/U S Telecom, Inc. 357 Robla South Levee AR06 6000+56 Conduit Communication 4 STL 2996 Pacific Bell 374 374 Robla South Levee AR06 6000+70 Pipe Drainage 24 CMP NA (orig const) City of Sacramento 354 374 Robla South Levee AR06 6000+78 Control Structure Drain Inlet 24 NA NA City o f Sacramento 372 Robla South Levee AR06 6023+06 Pipe Removed Through Levee 30 CMP NA City of Sacramento 384 350 Robla South Levee AR06 6029+16 Pipe Drainage 36 WSP 12713 City of Sacramento 618 350 Robla South Levee AR06 6029+23 Pipe Drainage 36 WSP 12713 City of Sacramento 395 350 Robla South Levee AR06 6029+31 Pipe Drainage 20 WSP 12713 City of Sacramento 350 350 Robla South Levee AR06 6029+39 Pipe Drainage 36 WSP 12713 City of Sacramento 368 350 Robla South Levee AR06 6032+12 Valve Vault Not Needed NA NA City of Sacramen to 614 350 Robla South Levee AR06 6032+25 Control Structure Outfall Not Needed NA NA Ci ty of Sacramento 621 621 Robla South Levee AR06 6052+36 Pipe Drainage 30 RCP 16033-A City of Sacramen to 4207 621 Robla South Levee AR06 6052+40 Control Structure Drain Inlet 623 621 Robla South Levee AR06 6057+47 Valve Positive Closure Vault Not Needed NA N A City of Sacramento 622 621 Robla South Levee AR06 6057+47 Control Structure Outfall Not Needed NA NA Ci ty of Sacramento 370 Robla South Levee AR06 6072+02 Pipe Gas 6 WSP 15279 PG&E 633 633 Robla South Levee AR06 6073+56 Pipe Drainage 48 RCP 16033 City of Sacramento 632 633 Robla South Levee AR06 6073+60 Valve Positive Closure Vault Not Needed NA 1 6033 City of Sacramento 631 633 Robla South Levee AR06 6073+64 Control Structure Outfall NA NA 16033 City of Sacramento 4208 633 Robla South Levee AR06 6080+65 Control Structure Drain Inlet 3313 Robla South Levee AR06 6091+62 Conduit Communication - Abandoned NA Cable N A Pacific Bell 3315 Robla South Levee AR06 6091+72 Conduit Fiber Optic NA Cable NA Pacific Bell 3314 Robla South Levee AR06 6091+80 Conduit Communication NA Cable 13802 Pacific Bell 375 3382 Robla South Levee AR06 6092+38 Pipe Sewer 48 RCP 12810 SRCSD 640 638 Robla South Levee AR06 6103+74 Control Structure Outfall Not Needed NA NA Ci ty of Sacramento 639 638 Robla South Levee AR06 6103+74 Valve Positive Closure Vault Not Needed NA N A City of Sacramento 638 638 Robla South Levee AR06 6113+79 Pipe Drainage 24 RCP 17980 City of Sacramento 4209 638 Robla South Levee AR06 6113+79 Control Structure Drain Inlet 4205 Robla South Levee AR06 6118+19 Pipe Drainage 12 CMP Unpermitted City of Sacramento 994 Arcade North Levee AR07 5001+19 Conduit Communicatio n 1 Cable 14044 US Sprint/US Telecom, Inc. 1038 Arcade North Levee AR07 5001+60 Conduit Communicati on 4 STL 2996 Pacific Bell 3251 1105 Arcade North Levee AR07 5019+30 Pipe Sewer 20 CCP 2398 City of Sacramento 1105 1105 Arcade North Levee AR07 5019+53 Pipe Sewer 36 CCP 2398 City of Sacramento 3250 1105 Arcade North Levee AR07 5019+54 Pipe Sewer 10 CCP 2398 City of Sacramento 1104 1105 Arcade North Levee AR07 5019+55 Valve Positive Closure Vault - sewer Not Needed NA 2398 City of Sacram ento 3249 1105 Arcade North Levee AR07 5019+72 Pipe Sewer 18 CCP 2398 City of Sacramento 1644 1171 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+36 Control Struct ure Outfall NA City of Sacramento 1171 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+48 Pipe Drainage 36 WSP N A (orig const) City of Sacramento 1190 1171 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+52 Valve Vault Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1765 989 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+64 Valve Vault Not N eeded NA City of Sacramento 989 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+78 Pipe Drainage 36 WSP NA (orig const) City of Sacramento 1146 1146 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+94 Pipe Drainage 4 W SP 8791 City of Sacramento 3312 Arcade North Levee AR07 5037+61 Pipe Gas 4 WSP 18641, 3417 PG&E 1056 Arcade North Levee AR07 5037+99 Pipe Water 12 DIP 5068 , 18617 City of Sacramento 1164 1164 Arcade North Levee AR07 5051+89 Pipe LNT Draina ge CMP City of Sacramento 1012 1079 Arcade North Levee AR07 5064+77 Pipe Outfall Not Needed NA 5683-1, 5683 City of Sacramento
Robla - Arcade Levee System (RALS) - Penetrations and Parallel Pipes SAFCA ID Assoc. ID Levee Unit Station Category Subcategor y Size (In) Material Permit Number(s) Owner 1078 1013 Arcade North Levee AR07 5064+79 Pipe Drainage 54 RCP 5683-1, 5683 City of Sacramento 1099 1078 Arcade North Levee AR07 5064+89 Valve Positive Closure Vault Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1166 1166 Arcade North Levee AR07 5064+93 Pipe Drainage 36 WSP 14575, 5683 City of Sacramento 1140 1079 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+07 Valve SIphon Br eaker Vault Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1079 1079 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+13 Pipe Drainage 36 WSP 14575, 5683 City of Sacramento 852 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+28 Pipe Sewer 66 RCP 12783 SRCSD 895 895 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+57 Conduit Utility 2 C onduit Concrete Encased 16466 SMUD 3317 895 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+58 Conduit Utility 6 Conduit Concrete Encased 16466 SMUD 3316 895 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+60 Conduit Utility 6 Conduit Concrete Encased 16466 SMUD 896 896 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+83 Pipe Water 30 WSP 14 575 City of Sacramento 1041 896 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+87 Valve Water Not N eeded NA City of Sacramento 955 Arcade North Levee AR07 5066+00 Abandoned Pipe Aband oned 24 CMP City of Sacramento 1658 885 Arcade North Levee AR07 5066+61 Control Structu re Outfall NA City of Sacramento 885 Arcade North Levee AR07 5066+64 Pipe Drainage 24 RCP C oncrete Encased 16032 City of Sacramento 1108 885 Arcade North Levee AR07 5066+68 Valve Positive C losure Vault Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1174 885 Arcade North Levee AR07 5066+70 Control Structu re Drain Inlet Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1175 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+19 Conduit Communicati on 4 (15) Conduit Concrete Encased 15069, 15069-1 AT&T 1087 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+33 Pipe Gas 4 WSP 15152 PG &E 863 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+40 Pipe Water 8 WSP 14787 C ity of Sacramento 3168 997 Arcade North Levee AR07 5070+32 Abandoned Pipe A bandoned 24 CMP City of Sacramento 4184 Arcade North Levee AR07 5070+36 Conduit Communicati on Century Lynk 1088 1150 Arcade North Levee AR07 5070+54 Riser Manhole - Drainage Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1150 Arcade North Levee AR07 5070+57 Pipe Drainage 24 RCP Concrete Encased 16032 City of Sacramento 997 1150 Arcade North Levee AR07 5070+61 Valve Positive C losure Vault Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1662 1150 Arcade North Levee AR07 5070+61 Control Struct ure Outfall NA City of Sacramento 1151 833 Arcade North Levee AR07 5077+59 Control Structu re Drain Inlet Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 833 Arcade North Levee AR07 5077+59 Pipe Drainage 24 RCP C oncrete Encased 16032 City of Sacramento 932 833 Arcade North Levee AR07 5077+61 Control Structur e Outfall Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1062 833 Arcade North Levee AR07 5077+62 Valve Positive C losure Vault Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 3169 Arcade North Levee AR07 5084+50 Abandoned Pipe Aban doned Gas 4 WSP 2202 PG&E 3170 Arcade North Levee AR07 5084+67 Pipe Gas 6 WSP Predates levee PG&E 1063 834 Arcade North Levee AR07 5084+86 Valve Positive C losure Vault Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1126 834 Arcade North Levee AR07 5084+86 Control Structu re Outfall Not Needed NA 19128 City of Sacramento 977 834 Arcade North Levee AR07 5084+86 Abandoned Pipe Re moved Through Levee 24 CMP 12866 City of Sacramento 834 Arcade North Levee AR07 5084+88 Pipe Drainage 24 RCP C oncrete Encased 12886, 19128, 19055 City of Sacrament o 906 834 Arcade North Levee AR07 5084+95 Control Structur e Drain Inlet Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 978 Arcade North Levee AR07 5090+96 Pipe Drainage 24 RCP C oncrete Encased 19126 City of Sacramento 1127 978 Arcade North Levee AR07 5090+97 Control Structu re Outfall Not Needed NA 19126 City of Sacramento 1194 978 Arcade North Levee AR07 5090+98 Abandoned Pipe R emoved Through Levee 24 CMP City of Sacramento 907 978 Arcade North Levee AR07 5090+99 Control Structur e Drain Inlet Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1042 978 Arcade North Levee AR07 5090+99 Valve Positive C losure Vault Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1043 1109 Arcade North Levee AR07 5093+46 Control Struct ure Drain Inlet Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1109 Arcade North Levee AR07 5093+52 Pipe Drainage 36 RCP Concrete Encased 12886, 19125 City of Sacramento 886 1109 Arcade North Levee AR07 5093+53 Abandoned Pipe R emoved Through Levee 30 RCP City of Sacramento 1195 1109 Arcade North Levee AR07 5093+55 Control Struct ure Outfall Not Needed NA 19125 City of Sacramento 957 1109 Arcade North Levee AR07 5093+56 Valve Positive C losure Vault Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1666 1109 Arcade North Levee AR07 5093+60 Valve Manhole - Drainage Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1023 887 Arcade North Levee AR07 5096+95 Control Structu re Outfall Not Needed NA 19127 City of Sacramento
Robla - Arcade Levee System (RALS) - Penetrations and Parallel Pipes SAFCA ID Assoc. ID Levee Unit Station Category Subcategor y Size (In) Material Permit Number(s) Owner 887 Arcade North Levee AR07 5096+98 Pipe Drainage 24 RCP C oncrete Encased 19127 City of Sacramento 1176 887 Arcade North Levee AR07 5096+98 Control Structu re Drain Inlet Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 958 887 Arcade North Levee AR07 5096+99 Valve Positive Cl osure Vault Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1110 887 Arcade North Levee AR07 5097+01 Abandoned Pipe R emoved Through Levee 24 CMP City of Sacramento 865 Arcade North Levee AR07 5100+86 Abandoned Pipe Remov ed Through Levee 12 WSP 14484 City of Sacramento 3205 Arcade North Levee AR07 5101+52 Abandoned Pipe Remo ved Through Levee 12 CMP 14484 3321 Arcade North Levee AR07 5104+40 Pipe Drainage 48 RCP Concrete Encased 16032 City of Sacramento 3206 Arcade North Levee AR07 5106+14 Abandoned Pipe Remo ved Through Levee 12 Unknown 14484 3624 Arcade North Levee AR07 5111+90 Pipe Gas 6 WSP Unpermitted PG&E 3625 Arcade North Levee AR07 5111+90 Conduit Utility 2 SMU D 3626 Arcade North Levee AR07 5111+92 Conduit Communicati on 4 AT&T 1178 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3067+35 Pipe Water 8 WSP 7606 Cit y of Sacramento 980 1128 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3089+16 Pipe Sewer 24 PCCP 13 023 SRCSD 1065 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3094+10 Pipe Abandoned Throug h Levee 1609 1602 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+03 Pipe Drainage 48 WS P NA (orig const) City of Sacramento 1608 1606 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+11 Pipe Drainage 48 WS P NA (orig const) City of Sacramento 1602 1606 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+14 Valve Positive Cl osure Vault Not Needed NA NA (orig const) City of Sacra mento 1600 1606 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+15 Control Structur e Outfall Not Needed NA NA (orig const) City of Sacramen to 1607 1602 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+17 Pipe Drainage 48 WS P NA (orig const) City of Sacramento 1606 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+23 Pipe Drainage 48 WSP NA (orig const) City of Sacramento 1605 1601 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+48 Pipe Drainage 54 WS P 9596, 9596A, 9596B City of Sacramento 1604 1601 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+54 Pipe Drainage 54 WS P 9596, 9596A, 9596B City of Sacramento 1601 1603 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+58 Valve Siphon Brea ker Vault Not Needed NA City of Sacramento 1603 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+62 Pipe Drainage 54 WSP 959 6, 9596A, 9596B City of Sacramento 1599 1603 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+62 Control Structur e Outfall Not Needed NA City of Sacramento SAFCA ID Assoc. ID Levee Unit Station Category Subcategor y Size (In) Material Permit Num Owner 353 Robla South Levee AR06 6014+9 Parallel Pipe Landside Drainage CMP NA City of Sacramento 3375 Robla South Levee AR06 6037+44 Parallel Pipe Landsi de Drainage 54 RCP City of Sacramento 620 3375 Robla South Levee AR06 6039+55 Parallel Pipe Lan dside Drainage 18 RCP NA City of Sacramento 1651 Arcade North Levee AR07 5004+18 Parallel Pipe Lands ide Drainage PVC City of Sacramento 1650 Arcade North Levee AR07 5008+02 Parallel Pipe Lands ide Drainage City of Sacramento 1649 Arcade North Levee AR07 5010+88 Parallel Pipe Lands ide Drainage PVC City of Sacramento 1648 Arcade North Levee AR07 5013+80 Parallel Pipe Lands ide Drainage City of Sacramento 1647 Arcade North Levee AR07 5016+64 Parallel Pipe Lands ide Drainage CONC City of Sacramento 1652 Arcade North Levee AR07 5018+83 Parallel Pipe Lands ide Drainage City of Sacramento 1653 Arcade North Levee AR07 5021+31 Parallel Pipe Lands ide Drainage CONC NA City of Sacramento 1646 Arcade North Levee AR07 5022+51 Parallel Pipe Lands ide Drainage CONC NA City of Sacramento 1654 Arcade North Levee AR07 5026+89 Parallel Pipe Lands ide Drainage CONC NA City of Sacramento 1154 1589 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3059+80 Parallel Pipe RR Drainage 12 CMP 99999 ARFCD 1152 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3073+80 Parallel Pipe RR Drai nage 12 CMP 99999 ARFCD 1620 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3086+65 Parallel Pipe RR Drai nage 12 CMP ARFCD 979 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3087+78 Parallel Pipe RR Drain age 12 CMP 99999 ARFCD 1000 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3111+80 Parallel Pipe RR Drai nage 12 CMP 99999 ARFCD 1001 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3125+78 Parallel Pipe RR Drai nage 12 CMP 99999 ARFCD 1610 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3129+98 Parallel Pipe Landsid e Drainage PVC City of Sacramento 836 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3130+81 Parallel Pipe Landside Drainage CMP 7881 City of Sacramento 1111 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+51 Parallel Pipe RR Drai nage CMP City of Sacramento
Robla - Arcade Levee System (RALS) - Penetrations and Parallel Pipes SAFCA ID Assoc. ID Levee Unit Station Category Subcategor y Size (In) Material Permit Number(s) Owner 1168 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3135+79 Parallel Pipe RR Drai nage 12 CMP ARFCD 925 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3153+79 Parallel Pipe RR Drain age 12 CMP 99999 ARFCD 1141 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3183+35 Parallel Pipe RR Drai nage CMP 99999 ARFCD 3352 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3184+07 Parallel Pipe Landsid e Drainage CONC City of Sacramento 3351 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3184+32 Parallel Pipe Landsid e Drainage CONC City of Sacramento
EXHIBIT 3C. Table Summary of Closure Structures, Retaining Walls, and Floodwalls
Robla - Arcade Levee System (RALS) - Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures Floodwallls
SAFCA ID Permit No. Levee Unit Station Category Size (in) Location Owner/Applicant 288 16033 Robla South Levee AR06 6078+57 Floodwall 8 RSL downstream of Rio Linda Blvd. ARFCD 289 16033 Robla South Levee AR06 6079+32 Floodwall 8 RSL upstream of Rio LInda Blvd. ARFCD 248 16032 Arcade North Levee AR07 4091+59 Floodwall 8 ACNL 500' US RLB US to Hagginwood Park ARFCD 285 16032 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+02 Floodwall ACNL downstream of Rio Linda Blvd. ARFCD 245 16032 Arcade North Levee AR07 5070+24 Floodwall 8 ACNL upstream of Rio LInda Blvd. ARFCD 247 16032 Arcade North Levee AR07 5102+93 Floodwall 8 ACNL Hagginwood Park ARFCD 246 16032 Arcade North Levee AR07 5105+88 Floodwall 8 ACNL DS of Marysville ARFCD Retaining Walls
SAFCA ID Permit No. Levee Unit Station Category Size (in) Location Owner/Applicant Site Address 904 16033 Robla South Levee AR06 6031+52 Retaining Wall 10 City Sump 140, 140 Pinedale Avenue City of Sacramento 140 Pinedale Avenue 908 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+51 Retaining Wall 12 City Sump 158 middle City of Sacramento 306 Fairbanks Avenue 907 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+09 Retaining Wall 12 City Sump 158 west City of Sacramento 306 Fairbanks Avenue 909 Arcade North Levee AR07 5032+11 Retaining Wall 12 City Sump 158 east City of Sacramento 306 Fairbanks Avenue 449 Arcade North Levee AR07 5080+82 Retaining Wall Private backyard Private 1026 Rivera Dr 448 16029 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3130+58 Retaining Wall 12 City Sump 157 south City of Sacramento 1 Morrison Street 447 16029 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+27 Retaining Wall 12 City Sump 157 middle City of Sacramento 1 Morrison Street 446 16029 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+69 Retaining Wall 12 City Sump 157 north City of Sacramento 1 Morrison Street Closure Structures
SACFA ID Permit No. Levee Unit Station Category Subcategory Owner Location Notes 385 14477, 16033-A Robla South Levee AR06 6000+00 Closure Structure Stoplog rail crossing City of Sacramento Railroad 993 14479, 16032 Arcade North Levee AR07 5000+75 Closure Structure Stoplog rail crossing City of Sacramento Railroad
APPENDIX A. Penetration Evaluation Technical Memorandum
Mead & Hunt | 180 Promenade Circle, Suite 240, Sacramento, CA 95834 | 916-971-3961 | meadhunt.com Technical Memorandum
To: Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
From: Stephen Sullivan, Civil Engineer of Record
Reviewed by: Jeffrey Kashiwada, Senior Project Engineer Date: November 15, 2024
Subject: Penetrations At-Risk Engineering Evaluations, Robla Arcade Levee System (RALS) SAFCA Due Diligence Review for Urban Levee Design Criteria Section 7.13
This Technical Memorandum (TM) is part of the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency’s (SAFCA) due diligence review for compliance with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Urban Levee Design Criteria (ULDC) for the RALS. This TM pertains to Section 7.13 – Penetrations.
This TM describes the engineering evaluations completed for each of the penetrations that were determined to require a full engineering evaluation after the screening process carried out during the due diligence effort. Any penetrations requiring further investigation or exception to ULDC section 7.13 are discussed in a separate TM describing the compliance work plan. Both this TM and the Penetration Exception Work Plan TM are incorporated into Mead & Hunt’s ULDC Due Diligence Report as Appendices.
ULDC Section 7.13 criteria states:
Civil engineer needs to assess existing penetrations and render an opinion as to their impact on the reliable performance of the levee/floodwall for the full range of loading up to the hydraulic top of levee (HTOL). Due to the limitations of analytical tools for assessing the impacts of penetrations, the civil engineer needs to exercise sound engineering judgment in rendering this opinion.
Penetrations with a potential to be a high hazard need to have a full engineering evaluation, to demonstrate that the hazard is acceptable, or be removed or modified.
Mead & Hunt evaluated penetrations based on a compilation of requirements from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Central Valley Flood Protection Board (CVFPB), ULDC, and FEMA which focused on four criteria – structural strength, joint flexibility, emergency closure, and condition of penetration – and verifying whether the penetrations were permitted. The specific criteria used is outlined in our previous certification reviews in 2015. As part of the current due diligence effort, Mead & Hunt re -screened penetrations for engineering evaluations and condition assessment factors. The specific factors that were considered in the engineering evaluations were: below design water surface elevation (DWSE); joint integrity; structural factors (depth, material, and diameter); age; CVFPB permit status; and verification that pipe material condition inspections were conducted within the last five (5) years. All evaluations were Technical Memorandum
Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
November 15, 2024
performed in accordance with ULDC section 7.13.
Primary guidance for the engineering evaluations was provided by EM 1110-2-2902, 31 December 2020, Conduits, Pipes, and Culverts Associated with Dams and Levee Systems, and CVFPB standards.
2.1 Penetrations Below DWSE
Penetrations below the design water surface elevation present an increased risk of seepage, slope stability issues, and structural integrity of the levee. A primary Potential Failure Mode (PFM) due to low penetrations is the increased risk of Backwards Erosion Piping (BEP) along the pipe wall interface with the surrounding soil. Another consideration is the increased risk of Concentrated Leak Erosion (CLE) PFM due to a pipe integrity breach creating a seepage path into the pipe/conduit or erosion from pressurized pipe leakage, causing significant erosion of the embankment
While the majority of the penetrations flagged were installed in accordance with permit conditions that placed the invert evaluation above the applicable design water surface elevation at the time of installation, the assessment is based on current DWSE profiles. Some penetrations were permitted to be installed below the applicable DWSE, with appropriate installation details to limit the risk to the line of flood protection.
The screening of the RALS penetrations identified a total of 10 penetrations1 installed with inverts below the DWSE that required a full engineering evaluation. Attachment 1 includes a summary of the applicable factors of the installation, a summary of the evaluation, and findings. Attachment 2 shows the locations of these penetrations. All of the penetrations were found not to create a significant risk to the levee's reliable performance or have been added to the Penetration Exception Work Plan TM.
2.2 Penetrations with Leakage Risk Due to Joint Type
Based upon our review, only one (1) penetration uses a joint style that is at risk of leakage, absent of deterioration. The 12-inch ductile iron (DI) water main in the RALS at the Norwood Avenue bridge includes restrained mechanical joints (SAFCA ID 1056, CVFPB Permit 18617). As-built plans indicate the pipe material was changed from Welded Steel Pipe (WSP) to DI pipe. Attachment 2 shows the location of this penetration.
The invert of the pipe was found to be above the design top of levee. As a result, any erosion due to breach of the joint would progress upward and be outside the zone of influence of the levee. Water released would runoff through the normal drainage pathway on the roadway, which includes curb and gutter.
Based on the review of this potential failure mode, this penetration does not present a significant risk to levee integrity.
1 This assessment does not include pipes installed at grade with flap gates and positive closure slide gates, which comply with applicable standards.
Technical Memorandum
Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
November 15, 2024
2.3 Penetrations Flagged for Structural Factors
Penetrations flagged for structural factors were subject to a full engineering evaluation where screening indicated that the loading was above the typical loading conditions established for conduits within the RALS, using conservative soil unit weights, depth of saturation, and equipment loading. Buoyancy forces were evaluated for shallow, large-diameter penetrations. The methodology is described further in Mead & Hunt’s 2015 Certification Report (Mead & Hunt, 2015). Structural loading calculations were conducted to bracket the screening assessment. Additionally, the penetrations flagged during initial screening were further reviewed for site-specific loading as part of the screening effort.
As a result of this screening assessment and analysis, one (1) penetration was identified for full engineering evaluation:
• SAFCA ID 852, AR07 Station 5065+30 – SRCSD Dry Creek Interceptor – 66-inch RCP with approximately 28 feet of cover. Calculations indicate Class 4 RCP is overstressed.
The penetration that was determined to be potentially overstressed will be addressed by a work plan as outlined in the Penetration Exception Work Plan TM that will include further outreach to the utility owner for more detailed data on the installations and/or inspections. Due to the satisfactory performance to date, the inherent strength of pipe material, and the high-class bedding and installation as documented by CVFPB inspections, the pipe is considered to be a limited risk. However, further data on pipe type and class, installation details, and loading is required to inform the path forward.
2.4 Penetrations Flagged Due to Age
The age of all penetrations was compared to the service life limits as established in Mead & Hunt’s 2015 Certification Report (Mead & Hunt, 2015), which includes a detailed discussion of the basis for evaluation.
Only metallic pipes were identified as requiring further review. Twelve (12) penetrations were flagged for age check review and were evaluated further, which is discussed below. These penetrations are included as exceptions in the Penetration Exception Work Plan TM.
The City of Sacramento, Department of Utilities, Water Division, has a rigorous inspection program and has found that the watermains within the project area show no signs of degradation. Water conditions (relatively neutral pH and non-abrasive flow) and lining methods for steel piping used at levee crossings have been found by the City to provide a superior level of corrosion control. While soil resistivity is variable, City watermains were found to have appropriate coatings for conditions. Electrical potential testing with a close interval survey is completed by the City for water transmission mains on a three (3) year cycle, with two (2) cycles completed to date with no adverse findings. The exposed portions of piping attached to bridges are subject to close visual inspection and concurrently conducted with minimal degradation of exposed coatings found. As a result, the City watermains were found to have significant remaining useful life and are not flagged as requiring further age checks. Penetrations that fall outside of this assessment are included as requiring further age-induced checks.
Technical Memorandum
Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
November 15, 2024
Steel pipes found to have active cathodic protection systems were found to have remaining useful life and are not flagged as requiring further evaluation. Abandoned and deactivated pipelines are included in the work plan for follow-up as cathodic protection systems can be deactivated. PG&E gas mains have cathodic protection systems by regulation, and PG&E further performs leakage surveys
Typical coated WSP design life was established as 50 years for purposes of the screening assessment.
However, the service life can be greatly extended by the use of appropriate coatings and cathodic protection. The corrugated metal pipe (CMP) service life was also established as 50 years for screening purposes. No galvanized iron pipes were identified within the applicable reaches. No ductile (cast) iron pipes were flagged for further evaluation based on age.
The age check review identified the following pipes requiring more detailed inspections, and a list is included in our Penetration Exception Work Plan TM and organized as follows:
• CMP – One (1) penetration
• WSP – 27 penetrations
As described in Mead & Hunt’s 2015 certification report, the service life of WSP and CMPs can be greatly extended with the use of proper coatings and linings that are typically required for RALS permitted pipes.
The pipe interiors for drainage pipes have been or will be inspected by the City. The water pipelines, water transmission mains, and gas mains are tested by owners using electrical conductivity methods. The active natural gas mains have cathodic protection systems and are subject to routine close-interval leakage surveys. A work plan for the utility owners to verify the conditions of the flagged aged pipes and to develop plans for replacement as needed is described in our Penetration Exception Work Plan TM.
2.5 Penetrations with Permits Not Found
Based upon the information provided to Mead & Hunt for our review, the following four (4) penetrations were identified as having no permits:
• SAFCA ID 3624, AR07 Station 5111+90 – 6” PG&E gas main on downstream face of Marysville Blvd bridge deck
• SAFCA ID 3625 AR07 Station 5111+90 – 2” RGS SMUD conduit on face of Marysville Blvd bridge deck
• SAFCA ID 3626 AR07 Station 5111+90 – 4” RGS communication conduit on face of Marysville Blvd bridge deck
• SAFCA ID 4184 AR07 Station 5070+36 – 4” buried communication conduit immediately upstream of Rio Linda Blvd (CenturyLink)
In addition, no separate permits were identified for City of Sacramento drainage system penetrations that were installed during the original USACE 1957 levee construction. These penetrations are accounted for Technical Memorandum
Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
November 15, 2024
in Unit No. 118 – Part 2 Supplement to the Standard Operation and Maintenance Manual for the Sacramento River Flood Control Project2 and were not separately permitted. • City of Sacramento Drainage Sump 158 – two 36” WSPs pump discharge pipes • City of Sacramento 24-inch CMP gravity drain at the downstream limits of the Robla South Levee (aka South Levee of Linda Creek).
The work plan for further review and updates to permitting is included in the Penetration Exception Work Plan TM.
2.6 Penetration Inspections
All levee pipe penetrations require inspection/testing at a maximum interval of five (5) years. SAFCA, ARFCD, and Mead & Hunt have been coordinating with the pipe penetration owners to complete these inspections. Most are in progress or planned for inspection. This ULDC requirement does not require additional engineering evaluations; however, the inspections must be completed, or a plan must be in place to complete this work. The work plan for the inspection exceptions is included in our Penetration Exception Work Plan TM.
Mead & Hunt’s initial screening in the RALS identified penetrations that required full engineering evaluations based on the assessment factors described in this TM for DWSE, joint flexibility, structural integrity, age, CVFPB permit, and up-to-date inspection/testing data. Our conclusions regarding each assessment factor are as follows:
• Below DWSE: The ten (10) penetrations identified as passing through levee embankment below DWSE were further evaluated as described in Attachment 1, and findings of no significant risk were made.
• Joint Flexibility: One (1) penetration was flagged for further review based on a non-standard joint type. The full engineering evaluation determined the joint failure was not a significant risk to the levee stability or reliability due to its specific position within the levee embankment. • Structural Factors: One (1) penetration was flagged for full engineering evaluation. The penetration was determined to be potentially overstressed but will be addressed by a work plan as outlined in Penetration Exception Work Plan TM. That TM includes further outreach to the utility owner for more detailed data on the installations and/or inspections. Due to the satisfactory performance to date, the inherent strength of pipe material, and the high-class bedding and installation as documented by CVFPB inspections, the pipe is considered to be a limited risk.
However, further data is required to inform the path forward. The Penetration Exception Work Plan TM describes the steps required in order to bring these penetrations into compliance with ULDC criteria.
2 Supplement to Standard Operation and Maintenance Manual Sacramento River Flood Control Project , Unit No. 118- Part No. 2, U.S. Army Engineering District Corps of Engineers Sacramento, California, October 1959.
Technical Memorandum
Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
November 15, 2024
• Age (Useful Life): Twelve (12) penetrations required further evaluation. The Penetration Exception Work Plan TM describes the steps required in order to bring these penetrations into compliance with ULDC criteria.
• CVFPB Permit: Permits were not found for four (4) penetrations in the RALS. The Penetration Exception Work Plan TM describes the steps required in order to bring these penetrations into compliance with CVFPB and ULDC criteria.
Attachment 1. Further Evaluation for Penetrations Flagged as Below DWSE
Reach AR06 Robla South Levee and Magpie Creek Diversion Levee SAFCA ID 4205, Station 6107+78
• Owner/Permit: City of Sacramento, No permit found – upstream of end of levee • Description: 12” CMP roadway drainage outlet downstream edge of Dry Creek Road. • Evaluation: Pipe is approximately 1.3-feet below design water surface elevation (DWSE), but only
1.6-feet below ground surface at this location. Flap gate will be installed, and site is readily accessible for flood fight. Backward Erosion Piping (BEP) Probable Failure Mode (PFM) risk is insignificant due to low potential driving head.
• Finding: Not a significant risk.
Reach AR02B NEMDC East Levee
SAFCA ID 1603, 1604, 1605, Station 3331+55
• Owner/Permit: City of Sacramento, Permit 9596, 9596A, 9596B • Description: City Sump 157. Three 54-inch WSP pump station discharge piping, 5/16” wall thickness, coal tar epoxy coated and lined. Northern-most pipe is capped either side of the syphon breaker vault and does not extend to outfall. Outfall includes flap gates for two other pipes. Sheet steel cutoff walls provided at center of levee crown. • Evaluation: Pipe at apex is 2.5-feet below design DWSE. BEP PFM potential is limited by cutoff wall in centerline of levee crown, and the cast-in-place concrete siphon breaker vault effectively serves as a cutoff wall. Pipes are operated at low pressure, welded steel and shallow, limiting risk of Concentrated Leak Erosion (CLE) in event of joint failure. Pipes interiors have recently been inspected by the City, and no significant defects were found. In the event of flap gate failure limited backflow would occur to interior series of canals with significant storage capacity.
Hydraulic loading at this site is of low duration and frequency. • Finding: Not a significant risk.
SAFCA ID 1606, 1607, 1608. 1609, Station 3331+15
• Owner/Permit: Installed under drawings for original USACE levee construction • Description: City Sump 157. Quad 54-inch by 54” cast-in-place concrete box culvert, waterstop and reinforced concrete encased joints. Positive closure slide gates at waterside hinge, flap gates at outfall. Sheet steel cutoff walls provided at center of levee crown. • Evaluation: Gravity culvert from headbox located more than 100 feet from landside toe with positive closure and flap gates. Multiple joint collars at 12 to 15 feet spacing, limiting potential BEP seepage potential. Joint design limits potential risk of Concentrated Leak Erosion (CLE) in event of joint failure.
• Finding: Not a significant risk.
SAFCA ID 1178, Station 3065+60
• Owner/Permit: City of Sacramento Water Main, Permit 7606 • Description: 8-inch, No. 10 gauge, concrete (or asphalt) lined, asphalt coated and wrapped WSP watermain. Steel cutoff collar at centerline of levee. Closure gate valves are located at landside toe within streets on both sides of the NEMDC.
• Evaluation: Pipe invert is less than 1.6-feet below the DWSE. BEP PFM is limited by steel cutoff wall. Potential for CLE PFM from pressurized pipeline leakage is mitigated by use of full penetration butt-welded joints. Robust lining and soil proofing and City’s inspection program to identify and mitigate any corrosion potential. Hydraulic loading at this site is of low duration and frequency.
• Finding: Not a significant risk.
Reach AR01 Arcade Creek North Levee
SAFCA ID 1038, Station 5001+60
• Owner/Permit: AT&T Communication Conduit, Permit 2996 • Description: 4” pipe continuous under channel and through the north and south levees . Invert of the pipe is documented in the permit as elevation 34.8 NAVD88. Concrete cutoff wall center of levee by permit.
• Evaluation: Pipe is approximately 3.8-feet below design water surface elevation (DWSE).
Includes concrete cutoff to limit Backward Erosion Piping (BEP) Probable Failure Mode (PFM) potential. Pipe is not open to water and is located under the channel limiting risk of Concentrated Leak Erosion (CLE) in event of joint failure. Small conduit size with limited hydraulic driving head (based upon elevation at crown).
• Finding: Not a significant risk.
SAFCA ID 989 & 1171, Station 5031+55
• Owner/Permit: City Of Sacramento, No permit, part of original USACE 1956 levee construction • Description: City Sump 158 Two 36-inch WSP pump station discharge piping, 3 gauge wall thickness, and soil proofed with flap gates at outfall. Sheet steel cutoff walls provided at center of levee crown
• Evaluation: Pipe at apex is 4.6-feet below design DWSE. BEP PFM potential is limited by cutoff wall in centerline of levee crown. Pipes are operated at low pressure welded steel, limiting risk of Concentrated Leak Erosion (CLE) in event of joint failure. Pipes interiors have recently been inspected by City and no significant defects found. In the event of flap gate failure limited backflow would occur to interior series of canals with significant storage capacity. Hydraulic loading at this site is of low duration and frequency.
• Finding: Not a significant risk
SAFCA ID 896, Station 5065+67
• Owner/Permit: City of Sacramento, Sac Bike Trail Water Transmission Main, Permit 14575 • Description: 30-inch 7-gauge, concrete-lined, asphalt coated and wrapped WSP concrete encased water transmission main mounted up along the downstream side of the bridge deck.
Steel cutoff collar at centerline of levee.
• Evaluation: Pipe invert is 1.6 feet below the DWSE. Pipe is embedded in levee cutoff wall thereby limiting BEP PFM potential and is located within an over-widened levee section. Conduit is concrete encased and not open to water and under the cannel, limiting risk of CLE PFM in event of joint failure, thereby limiting CLE PFM potential from pressurized pipeline leakage. Robust lining and soil proofing and City’s inspection program to identify and mitigate any corrosion potential. Hydraulic loading near top of levee at this site is minimal, and of low duration and frequency.
• Finding: Not a significant risk.
SAFCA ID 3624, Station 5111+90
• Owner/Permit: PG&E, Permit Unknown
• Description: 4-inch, 0.237-inch wall, coated and lined WSP gas main mounted to downstream face of bridge deck. Bridge Deck elevation 42.2.
• Evaluation: Less than 0.5-feet below DWSE. Pipe is not open to waterway Pipe invert is less than 6-inches below the DWSE. BEP PFM is limited by installation in over widened levee section and not completely penetrating within the levee to the landside. Potential for CLE PFM from pressurized pipeline leakage is mitigated by use of full penetration butt-welded joints, cathodic protection and robust bi-annual leakage inspection program. Hydraulic loading near top of levee at this site is minimal, and of low duration and frequency.
Attachment 2. Penetrations Below DWSE
3159+003161+003160+003162+003163+003164+003165+003166+003167+003168+003169+003170+003171+003173+003172+003174+003175+003176+003177+003178+003179+003180+003181+003182+003183+003184+003185+003186+003187+003188+003190+003189+003191+00 3192+00
6001+00
6002+00
6003+00
6004+00
6005+00
6006+00
6007+00
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6009+00
6010+00
6011+00
6012+00
6013+00
6014+00
6016+00
6015+00
6017+00¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
APPENDIX A, Attachment 2 - Penetrations Below DWSE and
Penetrations with Leakage Risk Due to Joint Type
Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation Page 1 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
3118+003117+003119+003120+003121+003122+003123+003124+003125+003126+003128+003127+003129+003130+003131+003132+003133+003134+003135+003136+003137+003138+003139+003140+003142+003141+003143+003144+003145+003147+003146+003148+003149+003150+003151+003152+003153+003154+003155+003156+003157+003158+003159+003161+003160+003162+003163+003164+003165+003166+003167+00 1603 1604
1605¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Penetrations Below DWSE
Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
APPENDIX A, Attachment 2 - Penetrations Below DWSE and
Penetrations with Leakage Risk Due to Joint Type
Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation Page 2 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
3075+003076+003077+003079+003078+003080+003081+003082+003083+003085+003084+003086+003087+003088+003089+003090+003091+003092+003093+003095+003094+003096+003097+003098+003099+003100+003102+003101+003103+003104+003106+003105+003107+003108+003109+003111+003110+003112+003113+003114+003115+003116+003118+003117+003119+003120+003121+003122+003123+003124+003125+00¯ 0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
APPENDIX A, Attachment 2 - Penetrations Below DWSE and
Penetrations with Leakage Risk Due to Joint Type
Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation Page 3 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
5001+00
5002+00
5003+00
5004+00
5006+00
5005+00
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3056+003057+003058+003059+003060+003061+003062+003063+003064+003065+003067+003066+003068+003069+003070+003071+003072+003074+003073+003075+003076+003077+003079+003078+003080+003081+003082+003083+00 1038
1178¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Penetrations Below DWSE
Conduit or Cable
Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
APPENDIX A, Attachment 2 - Penetrations Below DWSE and
Penetrations with Leakage Risk Due to Joint Type
Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation Page 4 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
6007+00
6008+00
6009+006010+006011+006012+006013+006014+00 6016+006015+00 6017+006018+006019+00 6021+006020+00 6022+006023+006024+006025+006026+006027+006028+006029+006030+006031+006032+00 6034+006033+00 6035+006036+006037+006038+00 6040+006039+00 6041+006042+006043+006044+006045+006046+006047+006048+00 6050+006049+00 6051+006052+006053+006054+006055+006056+006057+006058+006059+00¯ 0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
APPENDIX A, Attachment 2 - Penetrations Below DWSE and
Penetrations with Leakage Risk Due to Joint Type
Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation Page 5 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
6050+006051+006052+006053+006054+006055+006056+006057+006058+006059+006060+006061+00 6063+006062+00 6064+00
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6066+006067+006068+006069+006070+006071+00
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6105+00¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
APPENDIX A, Attachment 2 - Penetrations Below DWSE and
Penetrations with Leakage Risk Due to Joint Type
Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation Page 6 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
6096+006097+006098+006099+00 6101+006100+00 6102+006103+006104+006105+006106+006107+006108+00 6118+006117+006116+006115+006114+006113+006112+006111+006110+006109+00 4205¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Penetrations Below DWSE
Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
APPENDIX A, Attachment 2 - Penetrations Below DWSE and
Penetrations with Leakage Risk Due to Joint Type
Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation Page 7 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
5014+005015+005016+005017+005018+005019+00
5021+005020+00
5022+005023+005024+005025+00
5027+005026+00
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5038+005039+005040+005041+005042+005043+005044+005045+005046+005047+005048+00 5050+005049+00 5051+005052+005053+005054+005055+00 5056+00
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5065+005064+00 5066+005067+005068+00
896
9891171
1056¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Pipe with Leakage Risk due
to Joint Type
Penetrations Below DWSE
Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
APPENDIX A, Attachment 2 - Penetrations Below DWSE and
Penetrations with Leakage Risk Due to Joint Type
Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation Page 8 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
5061+00
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5063+00
5065+005064+00 5066+005067+005068+005069+005070+005071+005072+005073+005074+005075+005076+00 5078+00
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896
3624¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Penetrations Below DWSE
Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
APPENDIX A, Attachment 2 - Penetrations Below DWSE and
Penetrations with Leakage Risk Due to Joint Type
Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation Page 9 of 9
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
APPENDIX B. Penetration Exceptions Work Plan Technical
Memorandum
Mead & Hunt | 180 Promenade Circle, Suite 240, Sacramento, CA 95834 | 916-971-3961 | meadhunt.com Technical Memorandum
To: Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
From: Stephen Sullivan, Civil Engineer of Record
Reviewed by: Jeffrey Kashiwada, Senior Project Engineer Date: August 27, 2024
Subject: Penetration Exceptions Work Plan, Robla Arcade Levee System (RALS) SAFCA Due Diligence Review for Urban Levee Design Criteria Section 7.13
This Technical Memorandum (TM) is part of the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency’s (SAFCA) due diligence review for compliance with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Urban Levee Design Criteria (ULDC) for the RALS. This TM pertains to Section 7.13 – Penetrations.
The purpose of this TM is to provide background, justification, and work plans for exceptions to ULDC Section 7.13 requirements for penetrations. Mead & Hunt has identified penetrations, as summarized in our Engineering Evaluations TM, that require a work plan to resolve exceptions to ULDC criteria. This TM and the Penetrations Evaluation TM are attached as Appendices to Mead & Hunt’s ULDC Due Diligence Report for the RALS.
ULDC Section 7.13 criteria states:
Civil engineer needs to assess existing penetrations and render an opinion as to their impact on the reliable performance of the levee/floodwall for the full range of loading up to the hydraulic top of levee (HTOL).
Mead & Hunt evaluated penetrations based on a compilation of requirements from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Central Valley Flood Protection Board (CVFPB), ULDC, and FEMA which focused on four criteria – structural strength, joint flexibility, emergency closure, and condition of the penetration.
The specific criteria used is outlined in our previous certification reviews in 2015. As part of the current due diligence effort, Mead & Hunt has re-screened penetrations for engineering evaluations and condition assessment factors. The specific factors that were considered in the Engineering Evaluations TM were:
below design water surface elevation (DWSE); structural factors (depth, material, and diameter); age; joint flexibility; CVFPB permit status; and inspection completion/documentation within the last five (5) years. All evaluations were conducted in accordance with ULDC Section 7.13.
Based upon our Penetrations Evaluation TM (referenced above), Mead & Hunt has developed work plans for penetrations that require an exception to ULDC Section 7.13 criteria. The categorical risk assessment reasoning for each category's exceptions and proposed work plans are discussed below in Sections
2.1.1 through 2.1.6. Section 2.2 provides a table of the penetrations, including SAFCA ID, exception, category, owner, and basic information.
Technical Memorandum
Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
August 27, 2024
2.1 Exceptions and Mitigation Plans
Mead & Hunt has screened and provided engineering evaluations for the following exception categories (Engineering Evaluations TM). For each exception category, there is a proposed work plan (if necessary).
2.1.1 Penetrations Below DWSE
Exception background and assessment: Our Penetrations Evaluation TM includes analysis and a finding of no significant impact for all penetrations in this category.
Exception work plan: None required.
2.1.2 Mechanical Joint Flexibility Risk Factors
Exception background and assessment: Our Penetrations Evaluation TM includes analysis and a finding of no significant impact for all penetrations in this category.
Work plan: None required.
2.1.3 Penetration Structural Evaluations
Exception background and assessment: Upon initial screening of the need for structural evaluations in the RALS, one (1) Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District (SRCSD) sewer pipe was flagged for evaluation. The pipe is SRCSD’s Dry Creek Interceptor crossing under Arcade Creek immediately downstream of the Sacramento Northern Bike Trail. It is a 66- inch RCP with approximately 28 feet of cover, SAFCA ID 852, AR07 Station 5065+30. The pipe material for the identified crossing is strong, has high-class bedding and backfill, and has not been found to be at risk of failure. However, load calculations identified low safety factors, using conservative assumptions for loading and strength. The penetrations identified are unlikely to threaten levee integrity or reliability at a full range of loading (up to the HTOL), based upon over 40 years of satisfactory performance. Attachment 1 of this TM discusses this penetration in further detail, and Attachment 2 is a figure showing the location of the penetration.
Work plan: SAFCA (via Mead & Hunt) will work with SRCSD to obtain and review penetration information, including pipe classification, backfill methods, and data on installation at depth.
SRCSD will conduct pipe inspections to review for cracking and distress, after which assessment findings will be completed by Mead & Hunt, and supplements to this due diligence report will be issued within one (1) year of transmittal of the Final ULDC Engineer’s Report to the responsible land use agency (City of Sacramento). As required, details for any proposed repairs will be submitted to SAFCA, American River Flood Control District (ARFCD), CVFPB, and the responsible land use agency (City of Sacramento) for review. The City of Sacramento will ensure such repairs will be completed within five (5) years of the Final ULDC Engineer’s Report.
Completion of the required work plan, which may include collection of documents, inspection, Technical Memorandum
Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
August 27, 2024
construction, and reporting, shall be evaluated and transmitted to the responsible land use agency (City of Sacramento) and be appended to the ULDC Engineer’s Report. This supplemental information shall be retained and used for review by the land use agency during future ULDC evaluations.
2.1.4 Penetrations Exceeding Age Expectancy (Useful Life) Exception background and assessment: Based upon penetration material, anticipated useful life, and owner practices, certain penetrations required further review, as discussed in our Engineering Evaluations TM. Attachment 1 to this TM summarizes existing data on these penetrations, and Attachment 2 maps the location.
A total of 12 penetrations have been identified that have exceeded the minimum threshold Mead & Hunt has established to screen remaining service life. It is recommended that these pipes be subject to additional inspection. Except as described herein, pipes that have been recently inspected and found to have remaining useful life are also included in the list. However, they are still flagged for the purposes of identifying those that require increased vigilance. The age limit established for screening of penetrations is described in our Engineering Evaluations TM and is based on pipe material.
Work plan: SAFCA (via Mead & Hunt) will identify penetrations requiring further assessment and notify the Owners of necessary inspections and reporting, requesting that any existing available inspection results be provided within 60 days of the transmittal of the Final ULDC Engineer’s Report to the SAFCA and the responsible land use agency (City of Sacramento). Supplemental reporting to accompany this due diligence review will be completed by SAFCA (via Mead & Hunt) within one (1) year of the report date to document further findings and identify any additional work as needed.
SAFCA (via Mead & Hunt) will lead this outreach. The ARFCD, the CVFPB, and/or the land use agency (City of Sacramento) should continue to follow up with utility owners and require documentation of pipe conditions. The responsible land use agency will be responsible for enforcement along with the CVFPB if responses from utility owners are delayed.
Based on the findings, the utility owner may be required to develop a replacement plan, as determined necessary by the land use agency, and the CVFPB.
Utilities will be required to develop an inspection plan/schedule and/or a replacement plan within one (1) year of notification. All inspections shall be completed within two (2) years of notification.
Given the nature of the facilities with existing access limitations, alternative inspection methods may be required.
Any penetrations inspected and found to be potentially high-hazard will be prioritized by SAFCA based on the level of risk and must be removed or modified and provided to the land use agency Technical Memorandum
Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
August 27, 2024
for mitigation. All mitigation efforts must be implemented within five (5) years of the ULDC Engineer’s Report finalization. The removal or modification/permitting efforts must be completed by the penetration owner or as part of a CVFPB Enforcement Action. Non-high hazard penetrations that have exceeded their anticipated useful life should continue to be inspected every five (5) years (in compliance with ULDC Section 7.13), and additional monitoring should be provided by the penetration owner. During these additional monitoring efforts, performance issues should be reported to the appropriate land use agency, SAFCA, ARFCD, and the CVFPB.
Completion of the required work plan, which may include inspection, monitoring, construction, and reporting, shall be documented and transmitted to the responsible land use agency (City of Sacramento) and be appended to the ULDC Engineer’s Report. This sup plemental information shall be retained and used for review by the land use agency during future ULDC evaluations.
2.1.5 No Associated CVFPB Permit
Exception background and assessment: In our Engineering Evaluations TM, we determined that the RALS has four (4) penetrations for which no associated CVFPB permits were found.
These unpermitted penetrations are not inherently high-hazard penetrations; however, the lack of documentation and compliance with permitting standards require that specific analyses be conducted to assess each penetration’s risk. Attachment 2 to this TM maps the location of the penetrations lacking permitting documentation.
The penetrations were identified through field investigation and review of plans, but no permits were identified. These penetrations are unlikely to threaten levee integrity or reliability at a full range of loading up to the HTOL (based on available information).
Three (3) of the unpermitted penetrations are located on the downstream face of the Marysville Blvd bridge at the upstream limits of the Arcade Creek South Levee, one communication conduit, one SMUD conduit, and one gas main assumed to be owned by PG&E. These penetrations are beyond the upstream limits of the original Arcade Creek levee construction.
The other unpermitted penetration is a four (4) inch communication line through the Arcade Creek south levee immediately upstream of Rio Linda Blvd and is assumed to be owned by CenturyLink.
Work plan: SAFCA (via Mead & Hunt) or ARFCD will perform initial outreach to CVFPB for a more in-depth review of files related to these penetrations. SAFCA (via Mead & Hunt) will notify utility owners of the need to provide appropriate documentation for utility land rights and permits.
If data documenting permits (or lack of permitting) is not provided within one (1) year of transmittal of the ULDC Engineer’s Report, the land use agency will engage the CVFPB for enforcement. Owners will be required to obtain permits or relocate penetrations to comply with current CVFPB standards.
Technical Memorandum
Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
August 27, 2024
Completion of the required work plan, which may include collection of documents and reporting, shall be transmitted to the responsible land use agency (City of Sacramento/Sacramento County) and be appended to the ULDC Engineer’s Report. This supplemental information shall be retained and used for review by the land use agency during future ULDC evaluations.
2.1.6 Lack of Inspection Data
Exception background and assessment: Due to owner access issues (such as lack of access points, underwater access points, steepness of pipe limiting camera equipment mobility, small diameter pipes with no test stations, and other factors), numerous penetrations within the RALS have not met the internal inspection requirements under ULDC 7.13.6 for pipes and culverts. The ARFCD and SAFCA (via Mead & Hunt) have worked with the penetration owners to identify the inspection needs and notified them of their requirements. Most of these penetrations belong to the City of Sacramento, the Sacramento Area Sewer District, and PG&E. The owners of these penetrations are working through their most recent cycle (every five years) of inspections/testing or are obtaining the resources to conduct the initial inspections within the following year. Due to land use and access issues, there is an anticipated delay for some of this work. Attachment No. 3 to this TM is a table summarizing penetrations requiring inspection documentation as of the date of this TM.
There are no historic issues at the locations of these penetrations and, with the exception of pipes flagged for additional scrutiny due to age in Section 2.1.4 above, the pipes are within their useful service life.
Work plan: Inspection data for RALS penetrations that were not received at the time of the transmittal of the Final ULDC Engineer’s Report finalization shall be completed within the next three (3) years, or the land use agency will report this missing information to the CVFPB and request that the missing information be required as part of an appropriate enforcement action.
Any penetrations inspected and found to be potentially high hazard will be prioritized by SAFCA based on the level of risk and must be removed or modified. All mitigation efforts must be implemented within five (5) years of the finalization of the ULDC Engineer’s Report. The removal or modification/permitting efforts must be completed by the penetration owner or as part of a CVFPB Enforcement Action.
Completion of the required work plan, which may include collection of documents and reporting, shall be transmitted to the responsible land use agency (City of Sacramento) and be appended to the ULDC Engineer’s Report. This supplemental information shall be retained and used for review by the land use agency during future ULDC evaluations.
Technical Memorandum
Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
August 27, 2024
2.2 List of RALS Exceptions
Below is a list of exceptions for RALS, including the SAFCA ID, reach, exception, description, and owner.
SAFCA
ID UNIT LEVEE EXCEPTION STATION DESCRIPTION OWNER
852 AR07 Arcade North
Levee Structural 5065+28 66” RCP SRCSD
357 AR06 Robla South
Levee Age 6000+56 4" Steel Conduit
w/Comm Cable Pacific Bell
374 AR06 Robla South
Levee Age 6000+70 24" CMP City of Sacramento
1038 AR07 Arcade North
Levee Age 5001+60 4" Steel Conduit
w/Comm Cable Pacific Bell
1171 AR07 Arcade North
Levee Age 5031+48 Sump 158, 36"
WSP City of Sacramento
989 AR07 Arcade North
Levee Age 5031+78 Sump 158, 36"
WSP City of Sacramento
1146 AR07 Arcade North
Levee Age 5031+94 Sump 158, 4"
WSP City of Sacramento
3169 AR07 Arcade North
Levee Age 5084+50 4" Abandoned
Gas WSP PG&E
1178 AR2A NEMDC East
Levee Age 3067+35 8" WSP City of Sacramento
1609 AR2A NEMDC East
Levee Age 3131+03 Sump 157, 48"
WSP City of Sacramento
1608 AR2A NEMDC East
Levee Age 3131+11 Sump 157, 48"
WSP City of Sacramento
1607 AR2A NEMDC East
Levee Age 3131+17 Sump 157, 48"
WSP City of Sacramento
1606 AR2A NEMDC East
Levee Age 3131+23 Sump 157, 48"
WSP City of Sacramento
4184 AR07 Arcade North
Levee
Permit Not
Found 5070+36 4” conduit CenturyLink
3624 AR07 Arcade North
Levee
Permit Not
Found 5111+90 4” WSP gas line PG&E
3625 AR07 Arcade North
Levee
Permit Not
Found 5111+90 2” RGS conduits SUMD (assumed)
3626 AR07 Arcade North
Levee
Permit Not
Found 5111+92 4” RGS conduits AT&T (assumed)
Mead & Hunt has concluded that the work plans described in Section 2.1 provide the necessary risk management of penetrations and have determined that the reliability of performance of the RALS is unlikely to be affected for the full range of loading up to the HTOL. However, due to aging infrastructure and the period between each due diligence review, there are limitations to the conclusions included in this TM. All conclusions are based on this specific snapshot in time, assuming that proper inspection, maintenance, repair, and replacement by utility owners and enforcement of the condition requirements of the permits by the CVFPB is completed as outlined herein and in the manner described in our Due Technical Memorandum
Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
August 27, 2024
Diligence Report. Special attention should be paid to documenting the performance and condition of penetrations that are anticipated to be at the end of their useful life.
Attachment 1. Further Evaluation for Penetrations
Flagged for Structural Evaluation
The following penetration was found to have a low factor of safety for vertical loading using conservative applied loading and strength but has satisfactorily performed for over 40-years. Section 2.1.3 of this TM describes our work plan to perform detailed inspections and testing for this aging infrastructure to reduce risk.
SAFCA ID 852, AR07, Station 5065+30
• Owner/Permit: SRCSD, Permit 12783
• Description: Dry Creek Interceptor, 66” RCP with 28 feet of cover. • Evaluation: Large diameter RCP with 28 feet of cover. Requires additional information from the Owner to perform structural evaluation and determine hazard potential. • Finding: Requires additional information from the Owner as part of the work plan described in Section 2.1.2 of this TM.
Flagged for Age Check Further Evaluation
The following penetrations are beyond their typical service life but are anticipated to have remaining useful life. Section 2.1.4 of this TM describes our work plan to perform detailed inspections and testing for this aging infrastructure to reduce risk.
Corrugated Metal Pipes (CMPs) – One (1) penetration
SAFCA ID 374, AR06, Station 6000+70
• Owner/Permit: City of Sacramento (Drainage), No permit required (part of authorized flood control project)
• Description: City of Sacramento, 24” No. 12 gage CMP, with 36” No, 10 gage CMP positive closure gate riser, asbestos bonded coated and lined. • Evaluation: Age – 65 years.
Welded Steel Pipe (WSP) – Eleven (11) penetrations
SAFCA ID 1178, AR2A, Station 3065+60
• Owner/Permit: City of Sacramento (Water), Permit 7606 • Description: City of Sacramento, 8” welded steel water pipe, No 10 gage, asphalt (or cement mortar) lined, asbestos saturated felt wrap by permit. • Evaluation: Age – 52 years.
SAFCA IDs 1609, 1608, 1607, 1606, AR2A, Station 3131+03 (approximate) • Owner/Permit: City of Sacramento (Drainage), No permit required (part of the authorized flood control project)
• Description: Sump 157, 4-54”x54” cast-in-place concrete culverts. • Evaluation: Age – 70 years.
SAFCA ID 989 & 1171, AR07, Station 5031+60
• Owner/Permit: City of Sacramento (Drainage), No permit required (part of the authorized flood control project)
• Description: Sump 158, Two -36” welded steel drainage discharge pipes, No. 3 gage, soil proofed.
• Evaluation: Age – 50 years.
SAFCA ID 1146, AR07, Station 5031+93
• Owner/Permit: City of Sacramento (Drainage), Permit 8791 • Description: Sump 158, 4” welded steel drainage pipe, Schedule 40, asphalt coated and felt wrapped.
• Evaluation: Age – 50 years.
SAFCA ID 3169, AR07, Station 5084+49
• Owner/Permit: PG&E Gas, Permit 2022
• Description: Belden Street distribution gas main, 4” welded steel pipe, with impressed current cathodic protection. Preliminary indication from PG&E and pipe has been abandoned by fully grouting. Permit 2022-1 indicates replacement by directional drill, PG&E indicates 7/17/24 determination has been made that new pipe is not required. • Evaluation: Age – 69 years.
SAFCA ID 3170, AR07, Station 5084+67
• Owner/Permit: PG&E Gas, No permit found, predates 1956 levee construction • Description: Belden Street high-pressure transmission gas main, 6” welded steel pipe, double wrapped with impressed current cathodic protection, 1955 installation. Installed 1955. Alternating Current Voltage Gradient (ACVG) completed in 2018 and engineering assessment completed by Mead & Hunt with finding of significant residual strength and requested continued monitoring.
• Evaluation: Age – 69 years.
Attachment 2. RALS Exceptions
3159+003161+003160+003162+003163+003164+003165+003166+003167+003168+003169+003170+003171+003173+003172+003174+003175+003176+003177+003178+003179+003180+003181+003182+003183+003184+003185+003186+003187+003188+003190+003189+003191+00 3192+00
6001+00
6002+00
6003+00
6004+00
6005+00
6006+00
6007+00
6008+00
6009+00
6010+00
6011+00
6012+00
6013+00
6014+00
6016+00
6015+00
6017+00
357
374¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Age Exception
Conduit or Cable
Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
3118+003117+003119+003120+003121+003122+003123+003124+003125+003126+003128+003127+003129+003130+003131+003132+003133+003134+003135+003136+003137+003138+003139+003140+003142+003141+003143+003144+003145+003147+003146+003148+003149+003150+003151+003152+003153+003154+003155+003156+003157+003158+003159+003161+003160+003162+003163+003164+003165+003166+003167+00 1606 1607
1608
1609¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Age Exception
Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
3075+003076+003077+003079+003078+003080+003081+003082+003083+003085+003084+003086+003087+003088+003089+003090+003091+003092+003093+003095+003094+003096+003097+003098+003099+003100+003102+003101+003103+003104+003106+003105+003107+003108+003109+003111+003110+003112+003113+003114+003115+003116+003118+003117+003119+003120+003121+003122+003123+003124+003125+00¯ 0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
5001+00
5002+00
5003+00
5004+00
5006+00
5005+00
5007+00
5008+00
5009+00
5010+00
5011+00
5012+00
5014+00
5013+00
5015+00
5016+00
5017+00
5018+00
5019+00
3056+003057+003058+003059+003060+003061+003062+003063+003064+003065+003067+003066+003068+003069+003070+003071+003072+003074+003073+003075+003076+003077+003079+003078+003080+003081+003082+003083+00 1038
1178¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Age Exception
Conduit or Cable
Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
6007+00
6008+00
6009+006010+006011+006012+006013+006014+00 6016+006015+00 6017+006018+006019+00 6021+006020+00 6022+006023+006024+006025+006026+006027+006028+006029+006030+006031+006032+00 6034+006033+00 6035+006036+006037+006038+00 6040+006039+00 6041+006042+006043+006044+006045+006046+006047+006048+00 6050+006049+00 6051+006052+006053+006054+006055+006056+006057+006058+006059+00¯ 0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
6050+006051+006052+006053+006054+006055+006056+006057+006058+006059+006060+006061+00 6063+006062+00 6064+00
6065+00
6066+006067+006068+006069+006070+006071+00
6072+00
6073+00
6074+00
6075+00
6076+00
6077+006078+006079+00
6080+00
6081+00
6082+00
6083+006084+00
6085+00
6087+00
6086+00
6088+00
6089+00
6090+00
6091+00
6092+006093+006094+00
6095+00
6096+00
6097+00
6098+00
6099+00
6101+00
6100+00
6102+00
6103+00
6104+00
6105+00¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
6096+006097+006098+006099+00 6101+006100+00 6102+006103+006104+006105+006106+006107+006108+00 6118+006117+006116+006115+006114+006113+006112+006111+006110+006109+00¯ 0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
5014+005015+005016+005017+005018+005019+00
5021+005020+00
5022+005023+005024+005025+00
5027+005026+00
5028+00
5029+00
5030+00
5031+005032+00
5033+00
5034+00
5035+00
5036+00
5037+00
5038+005039+005040+005041+005042+005043+005044+005045+005046+005047+005048+00 5050+005049+00 5051+005052+005053+005054+005055+00 5056+00
5057+00
5059+00
5058+00
5060+00
5061+00
5062+00
5063+00
5065+005064+00 5066+005067+005068+00
852
989
1146
1171¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Structural Exception
Age Exception
Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
5061+00
5062+00
5063+00
5065+005064+00 5066+005067+005068+005069+005070+005071+005072+005073+005074+005075+005076+00 5078+00
5077+00
5079+005080+005081+005082+005083+005084+00
5085+00
5086+005087+005088+00
5090+005089+00
5091+005092+005093+005094+005095+005096+00
5098+00
5097+00
5099+00
5100+00
5101+00
5102+00
5103+00
5104+00
5105+00
5106+00
5107+00
5108+00
5109+005110+005111+00
5112+00
852
3169
3624
3625
3626
4184¯
0 150 30075
Feet
Legend
Structural Exception
Age Exception
Permit Not Found
Abandoned Pipe
Conduit or Cable
Pipe
SAFCA Levee Centerline
Index Map
Robla South Levee
Arcade North Levee
NEMDC East Levee
APPENDIX B, Attachment 2 - Exceptions and Work Plan Figure Robla South, Arcade North, and
NEMDC East Levee System
Sacramento Area Levee Evaluation
Levee Accreditation Program
Attachment 3. RALS Penetrations Lacking Inspection
Documentation
Robla - Arcade Levee System (RALS) - Exceptions
Penetrations with Lack of Inspection Data
SAFCA ID Levee Unit Station Category Subcategory Size (In) Material Permit Number(s) Owner 374 Robla South Levee AR06 6000+70 Pipe Drainage 24 CMP NA (orig const) City of Sacramento 384 Robla South Levee AR06 6029+16 Pipe Drainage 36 WSP 12713 City of Sacramento 618 Robla South Levee AR06 6029+23 Pipe Drainage 36 WSP 12713 City of Sacramento 395 Robla South Levee AR06 6029+31 Pipe Drainage 20 WSP 12713 City of Sacramento 350 Robla South Levee AR06 6029+39 Pipe Drainage 36 WSP 12713 City of Sacramento 621 Robla South Levee AR06 6052+36 Pipe Drainage 30 RCP 16033-A City of Sacramento 370 Robla South Levee AR06 6072+02 Pipe Gas 6 WSP 15279 PG&E 633 Robla South Levee AR06 6073+56 Pipe Drainage 48 RCP 16033 City of Sacramento 375 Robla South Levee AR06 6092+38 Pipe Sewer 48 RCP 12810 SRCSD 638 Robla South Levee AR06 6113+79 Pipe Drainage 24 RCP 17980 City of Sacramento 4205 Robla South Levee AR06 6118+19 Pipe Drainage 12 CMP Unpermitted City of Sacramento 3251 Arcade North Levee AR07 5019+30 Pipe Sewer 20 CCP 2398 City of Sacramento 1105 Arcade North Levee AR07 5019+53 Pipe Sewer 36 CCP 2398 City of Sacramento 3250 Arcade North Levee AR07 5019+54 Pipe Sewer 10 CCP 2398 City of Sacramento 3249 Arcade North Levee AR07 5019+72 Pipe Sewer 18 CCP 2398 City of Sacramento 1171 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+48 Pipe Drainage 36 WSP NA (orig const) City of Sacramento 989 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+78 Pipe Drainage 36 WSP NA (orig const) City of Sacramento 1146 Arcade North Levee AR07 5031+94 Pipe Drainage 4 WSP 8791 City of Sacramento 3312 Arcade North Levee AR07 5037+61 Pipe Gas 4 WSP 18641, 3417 PG&E 1056 Arcade North Levee AR07 5037+99 Pipe Water 12 DIP 5068, 18617 City of Sacramento 1078 Arcade North Levee AR07 5064+79 Pipe Drainage 54 RCP 5683-1, 5683 City of Sacramento 1166 Arcade North Levee AR07 5064+93 Pipe Drainage 36 WSP 14575, 5683 City of Sacramento 1079 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+13 Pipe Drainage 36 WSP 14575, 5683 City of Sacramento 852 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+28 Pipe Sewer 66 RCP 12783 SRCSD 896 Arcade North Levee AR07 5065+83 Pipe Water 30 WSP 14575 City of Sacramento 885 Arcade North Levee AR07 5066+64 Pipe Drainage 24 RCP Concrete Encased 16032 City of Sacramento 1087 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+33 Pipe Gas 4 WSP 15152 PG&E 863 Arcade North Levee AR07 5069+40 Pipe Water 8 WSP 14787 City of Sacramento 1150 Arcade North Levee AR07 5070+57 Pipe Drainage 24 RCP Concrete Encased 16032 City of Sacramento 833 Arcade North Levee AR07 5077+59 Pipe Drainage 24 RCP Concrete Encased 16032 City of Sacramento 3170 Arcade North Levee AR07 5084+67 Pipe Gas 6 WSP Predates Levee PG&E 834 Arcade North Levee AR07 5084+88 Pipe Drainage 24 RCP Concrete Encased 12886, 19128, 19055 City of Sacramento 978 Arcade North Levee AR07 5090+96 Pipe Drainage 24 RCP Concrete Encased 19126 City of Sacramento 1109 Arcade North Levee AR07 5093+52 Pipe Drainage 36 RCP Concrete Encased 12886, 19125 City of Sacramento 887 Arcade North Levee AR07 5096+98 Pipe Drainage 24 RCP Concrete Encased 19127 City of Sacramento 3321 Arcade North Levee AR07 5104+40 Pipe Drainage 48 RCP Concrete Encased 16032 City of Sacramento 3624 Arcade North Levee AR07 5111+90 Pipe Gas 6 WSP Unpermitted PG&E 1178 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3067+35 Pipe Water 8 WSP 7606 City of Sacramento 980 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3089+16 Pipe Sewer 24 PCCP 13023 SRCSD 1609 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+03 Pipe Drainage 48 WSP NA (orig const) City of Sacramento 1608 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+11 Pipe Drainage 48 WSP NA (orig const) City of Sacramento 1607 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+17 Pipe Drainage 48 WSP NA (orig const) City of Sacramento 1606 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+23 Pipe Drainage 48 WSP NA (orig const) City of Sacramento 1605 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+48 Pipe Drainage 54 WSP 9596, 9596A, 9596B City of Sacramento 1604 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+54 Pipe Drainage 54 WSP 9596, 9596A, 9596B City of Sacramento 1603 NEMDC East Levee AR2A 3131+62 Pipe Drainage 54 WSP 9596, 9596A, 9596B City of Sacramento
APPENDIX C. Exception for the UPRR Stoplog Operation
Schedule
Mead & Hunt | 180 Promenade Circle, Suite 240, Sacramento, CA 95834 | 916-971-3961 | meadhunt.com Technical Memorandum
To: Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
From: Stephen Sullivan, Civil Engineer of Record
Reviewed by: Jeffrey Kashiwada, Senior Project Engineer Date: July 26, 2024
Subject: Exception for UPRR Stoplog Operation Schedule, Robla Arcade Levee System (RALS) SAFCA Due Diligence Review for Urban Levee Design Criteria Section 7.14
This Technical Memorandum (TM) is part of the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency’s (SAFCA) due diligence review for compliance with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Urban Levee Design Criteria (ULDC) for the Robla Arcade Levee System (RALS). This TM pertains to section 7.14 – Floodwalls, Retaining Walls, and Closure Structures.
The purpose of this TM is to explain and justify an exception to the ULDC annual testing requirement for closure structures. The City of Sacramento’s two (2) UPRR Stoplog Closure Structures within the RALS are located at the intersection of the Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) line with the Robla Creek South Levee and the Arcade Creek North Levee. The UPPR line runs parallel to and landward of the Natomas East Main Drainage Canal east levee. They are currently tested through trial erection at cycles of not more than five (5) years due to the logistical challenges of a railroad closure. The rail line is a critical transportation corridor that passes through the RALS.
The operating parts to these facilities are steel I-beam posts and aluminum stoplogs. The components are stored at the City of Sacramento’s North Area Yard, within six (6) miles of all UPRR closure structures. The trial closures for the five UPRR crossings are all conducted during one railroad outage on a 5-year cycle. If a closure is required due to a high-water event, the trial closure schedule cycle is reset.
ULDC Section 7.14 criteria states:
Closure structures need to1 be tested at least once a year before the flood season so that crews responsible for implementing the structures are familiar with their operation and to provide assurance that all parts are present and in working order. 33 CFR 208 – Flood Protection Regulations, §208.10.f.2 states:
“Trial erections of one or more closure structures shall be made once each year …Where railroad operation makes trial erection of a closure structure infeasible, rigorous inspection and drill of
1 The ULDC indicates that terms such as “must,” “shall,” “is required,” and “needs to” are criteria. These and similar terms are considered to be mandatory; if not followed, an exception is needed (following the procedure for exceptions).
Technical Memorandum
Thomas Engler, MBK Engineers
July 26, 2024
operating personnel may be substituted therefor. … Closure materials will be carefully checked prior to and following flood periods, and damaged or missing parts shall be repaired or replaced immediately.”
Mead & Hunt has worked with the City to review and improve their closure structure program and has witnessed several trial closures. A summary of our review follows.
The City stores the removable components on bound pallets and each component is uniquely marked with the stoplog structure and individual piece numbers with the position identifiers. During disassembly, the components are palleted onsite and immediately returned to storage.
The stoplog facilities are of fairly simple construction and do not require unique tools and equipment or special training.
In preparation for each flood season the inventory is verified, and the closure sites are visited to assess the structure condition and access. The City identifies the tools and equipment needed for transport and installation, and rigorously plans for mobilization. Supplemental materials, such as tarping and sandbags are obtained.
Finally, the City has 18 closure structures within its system, many of which are stoplog-type closures.
Each year, trial erections of one or more closure structures are made on alternating structures for operating personnel training.
Mead & Hunt has concluded that the operational planning and testing program for the City of Sacramento’s RALS UPRR stoplog closure structures meets the intent of the ULDC testing requirement for closure structures, based upon the following:
• The City crews are well-trained and perform trial erections on at least one closure structure each year.
• The stoplog structure erection is fairly simple and requires no unique tools or equipment. • The parts are all uniquely identified and stored neatly on pallets segregated by facility. All parts are immediately palleted and placed in storage upon disassembly. • Structures are inspected and preparations are made at the start of each flood season.
The current 5-year cycle for trial operation/installation of the UPRR stoplog closure structure is sufficient and may continue going forward without anticipated impacts on the RALS operation. Therefore, an exception to the annual testing requirement is recommended.
This conclusion applies to each of the two (2) UPRR closure structures listed in Section 1 above.
APPENDIX D. RALS Wind Setup and Wave Runup Analysis
Wind-Wave Analysis for
American River North and
Robla-Arcade Levee Systems
PROJECT NUMBER R1941500-120265.09
JULY 9, 2024
FINAL
PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
i
CONTENTS
1. Overview ......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Purpose and Scope of Study .............................................................................................. 1
1.2 Study Area .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Methods of Analysis ........................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Datums ............................................................................................................................... 2
2. Model Inputs .................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Site Data ............................................................................................................................. 2
2.2 Site Selection ...................................................................................................................... 2
2.3 Wind Speed Data ............................................................................................................... 4
2.4 Fetch Length and Critical Wind .......................................................................................... 5
3. Design Wind Speed Analysis........................................................................... 7
3.1 Stationarity and Detrending ................................................................................................ 7
3.2 Return Period...................................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Analysis Procedure ............................................................................................................. 9
3.4 Results .............................................................................................................................. 10
4. Wind Speed Adjustment and Wave Growth .................................................. 10
4.1 Wind Speed Adjustment ................................................................................................... 10
4.2 Wave Growth .................................................................................................................... 11
4.3 ACES Input and Output .................................................................................................... 13
4.4 Wave Height Correction ................................................................................................... 14
4.4.1 Correction for Submerged Breakwater ................................................................ 14
4.4.2 Correction for Vegetation Buffer .......................................................................... 14
5. Setup and Setdown ....................................................................................... 16
5.1 Wind Setup ....................................................................................................................... 16
5.2 Wave Setup and Setdown ................................................................................................ 17
6. Wave Runup .................................................................................................. 17
6.1 Runup for Significant Wave .............................................................................................. 18
6.2 ACES Input and Output .................................................................................................... 19
6.3 Runup for 2% Exceedance Wave .................................................................................... 19
6.4 Runup Correction ............................................................................................................. 20
ii
CONTENTS 6.4.1 Correction for Berm ............................................................................................. 20
6.4.2 Correction for Surface Roughness ...................................................................... 20
6.4.3 Correction for Angle of Wave Incidence .............................................................. 20
7. Freeboard Evaluation .................................................................................... 21
7.1 Acceptance Criteria .......................................................................................................... 21
7.2 Overtopping Rate ............................................................................................................. 21
8. Results .......................................................................................................... 21
9. References .................................................................................................... 23
FIGURES
Figure 1. Selected Sites .................................................................................................................. 4 Figure 2. Restricted Fetch Geometry .............................................................................................. 6 Figure 3. Restricted Fetch Conventions .......................................................................................... 6
TABLES
Table 1. Selected Sites .................................................................................................................... 3 Table 2. Wind-Wave Analysis Results .......................................................................................... 22
EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT 1. Example Source Wind Data
EXHIBIT 2. Example Outlier Analysis
EXHIBIT 3. Design Wind Speed Analysis
EXHIBIT 4. Wind Speed and Direction Four Airports
EXHIBIT 5. Setup and Runup Illustration
1 1.1 Purpose and Scope of Study
The Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency (SAFCA) is in the process of evaluating the levees within its jurisdictional boundaries for compliance with the State of California’s Urban Levee Design Criteria (U LDC) (DWR, 2012). This report documents the analysis of wind and wave parameters which are inputs to the ULDC compliance evaluation of the American River no rth levee, Robla Creek south levee, Arcade Creek north and south levees, and Natomas East Main Drain age Canal (NEMDC) east levee. These levee reaches were previously analyzed (Mead & Hunt, 2015 ). The purpose of the current scope is not to repeat the previous analysis, but to confirm or update the previous assumptions to represent current conditions.
Part of the levee evaluation process is to provide an analysis that demonstrates no appreciable erosio n of the embankment can be expected as a result of expected wind and wave action, as per Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Section 65.10(b)(3), Embankment Protection (U.S. Government Printing Office, 2022). The purpose of this wind and wave analysis is to estimate the magnitude of the effects of wind setup and wave runup with respect to freeboard and embankment protection on the levees that are under evaluation.
The wind-wave analysis relies on guidance in Determination of Wave Characteristics by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA, 2019). For param eters not specifically prescribed in the FEMA literature (e.g., design return period for wind speeds), the ULDC was used for supplemental guidance.
The calculations rely on additional publications to account for specific phenomena such as wave height reduction due to vegetation buffers and submerged breakwater-like features, where applicable.
Sites which characterize the worst-case combination of factors influencing setup and runup for a given section of levee have been selected for analysis, as summarized in Table 1. Input data have been provided by MBK, including ground surface elevations, design water surface elevations, and levee baseline alignment data (MBK, 2024). Results from the analysis are presented in Table 2.
1.2 Study Area
This study includes the following levee segments:
• American River north levee from the NEMDC upstream to Arden Way. • NEMDC east levee from the American River upstream to Robla Creek (north of Del Paso Road). • Robla Creek south levee from the NEMDC upstream to Dry Creek Road. • Arcade Creek north and south levees from the NEMDC upstream to Marysville Boulevard.
1.3 Methods of Analysis
The Automated Coastal Engineering System (ACES) Ver sion 4.03 model within the Coastal Engineering Design and Analysis System (CEDAS) software program (Veri-Tech, 2023) and Microsoft Excel were used as the primary tools for calculating wind setup and wave runup. The ACES model contains multiple calculation modules, two of which were used for this study: the ACES “Windspeed Adjustment and Wave
2 Growth” module which predicts the height and period of waves generated over a given fetch; the ACES “Wave Runup and Overtopping on Impermeable Structur es” module which predicts the magnitude of wave runup on an embankment.
To account for factors not included in the ACES mod el formulations (such as the angle of wave incidence or the existence of grass cover on the water-side embankment slope), spreadsheet calculations were employed to adjust the ACES-predicted wave runup va lues. Spreadsheet calculations were also used in the statistical analysis of wind speed values in providing one of the main model inputs.
1.4 Datums
Elevations in this report are in feet and are referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). Horizontal coordinates are in feet and are referenced to the California Coordinate System, North American Datum of 1983, Zone II, unless otherwise noted. Data provided by others was verified to be referenced to these datums, unless otherwise noted.
2.1 Site Data
Site-specific data were provided by MBK Engineers (MBK, 2024), and included the following:
• Topographic ground surface elevation data for the study area. This is the same elevation data that is used in the HEC-RAS model to obtain the des ign water surface elevations. • Design water surface elevation results from 2D HEC -RAS model. The water surface elevations were used to determine the design still water elevation for each site location. • Levee alignment data with stationing.
2.2 Site Selection
Sites selected for analysis are shown in Figure 1 below. Site selection was based on maximizing the combination of fetch length and wind speed in the most critical directions, based on the levee alignment.
Optimization for the critical wind direction is based on four parameters, including fetch length (direction- dependent), wind speed (direction-dependent), the angle between the fetch and wind directions, and the angle of incidence of the mean wave direction with respect to the levee alignment at the analysis site.
Table 1 below is a summary of parameters for the sites selected for analysis, along with the fetch length (see Section 2.4 below) and wind speed (see Section 3 below) determined according to the methods described in the following sections.
3 TABLE 1. SELECTED SITES
Site Northing Easting
Restricted Fetch
Length (miles)
Average Fetch
Depth (feet)
Design Observed
2-min Wind Speed
(mph)
Associated Wind
Direction (deg)
Design Water
Surface Elevation
(feet NAVD88)
2 2,005,703 6,720,125 0.9 3.6 38.0 330 43.4
3 2,005,036 6,718,316 1.3 6.8 35.1 310 41.8
4 2,002,180 6,713,890 0.8 9.7 39.0 340 41.3
5 1,990,923 6,721,063 0.3 12.2 35.2 210 38.7
6 1,990,113 6,717,748 0.3 11.3 44.2 130 37.8
7 1,989,857 6,716,705 0.4 18.1 34.4 220 37.7
8 1,990,760 6,723,561 0.3 4.0 37.3 110 42.2
9 1,990,541 6,720,653 0.3 12.5 29.4 270 38.5
10 1,989,276 6,715,907 0.4 14.7 29.5 260 37.7
11 1,995,357 6,712,589 0.6 14.0 44.4 180 38.8
12 1,984,918 6,714,090 2.4 16.2 39.0 340 36.9
13 1,983,013 6,713,727 1.0 18.1 29.6 260 37.0
14 1,981,599 6,712,382 2.1 20.2 31.4 240 36.6
15 1,979,397 6,718,793 1.0 9.8 35.1 210 38.2
16 1,976,933 6,724,832 1.0 14.7 47.6 150 39.9
17 1,973,880 6,728,124 2.5 12.9 30.0 260 41.1
18 1,970,800 6,727,375 1.1 16.4 38.2 330 42.5
19 1,969,247 6,737,905 1.6 12.8 34.8 240 48.4
20 1,974,068 6,749,275 0.6 17.8 48.3 130 53.2
21 1,976,219 6,751,426 0.7 19.5 48.5 130 55.9
4 FIGURE 1. SELECTED SITES
2.3 Wind Speed Data
Wind speed data was downloaded from the National Ce nters for Environmental Information 1 (NCEI) for the four airports near the study area: McClellan (MCC), Mather (MHR), Sacramento Executive (SAC), and Sacramento International (SMF) Airports. An example of the downloaded data is shown in Exhibit 1 .
Data were downloaded for the period of record for each airport, which varies but generally includes years from 1939 to 2023. The wind speed data represent th e fastest 2-minute-average wind speed recorded during each hour.
1 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/search/data-search/local-climatological-data
5 Wind direction is generally reported at 10-degree directional increments. Prior to 1964 at some airports, wind speeds were only reported for 16 directions (2 2.5-degree increments). Because wind speeds are analyzed statistically for each direction, the misalignment of reported wind directions before 1964 makes this data incompatible with data reported at 10-degree increments. Therefore, this pre-1964 data was n ot used in the analysis, but the remaining 59-year period is a sufficient record length to support the analysis at each airport. Peak wind speed data were summariz ed for each wind direction, for each year 2. Years with incomplete data were excluded from the analysis, leaving a total number of analysis years of 46 for MCC, 48 for MHR, 59 for SAC, and 50 for SMF.
Wind speed is measured at each airport by anemomete r. Data obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) indicates the ane mometer heights at SAC and SMF are approximately 30 feet above ground (NOAA, 2023). An emometer heights could not be confirmed for MHR and MCC but are assumed to be similar for the purposes of this study. Height correction factors were utilized when estimating the geostrophic wind velocities within the ACES model.
Wind speed data was analyzed to ensure appropriate wind speeds were used to predict wave generation.
Estimation of design wind velocities for National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) levee system evaluation using deterministic methods should be based on a conservative approach in using the data.
FEMA does not prescribe a method of analysis for determination of design wind velocities, but rather defers to the recommendations provided by other federal agencies. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) provides the following guidance (USACE, 201 0, p. 18):
“…identify the maximum wind conditions that can occur for several hours along different fetches in front of the levee. Determination of the maximum wind conditions might require examination of winds that occurred during discrete storm events considered in the stage-frequency analysis or of wind conditions that occur during seasons in which extreme water levels occur.”
In accordance with this guidance, the wind speed data has been examined closely with respect to high outliers in the data which do not represent maximum wind conditions occurring for several hours.
Examples of corrected outliers and non-outliers are shown in Exhibit 2.
2.4 Fetch Length and Critical Wind
For riverine locations, wind-wave generation is impacted by the shape of the fetch. The restricted fetch methodology accounts for the specific geometry of t he fetch, as well as the potential for waves developed in off-wind directions, to determine the maximum possible wave conditions. Because of the limiting geometry of the study area, the restricted fetch approach was used for this analysis. Restricted fetch geometry and conventions are illustrated in Figure 2 and Figure 3 below 3 (examples only, not the actual site).
2 Wind speeds typically peak in the fall in this area, which is why wind speeds are summarized by calendar year, not water year. 3 Reference: Figure I-1-2 and Figure I-1-3 of the ACES Technical Reference (USACE, 1992)
6 FIGURE 2. RESTRICTED FETCH GEOMETRY
FIGURE 3. RESTRICTED FETCH CONVENTIONS
Fetch lengths were determined for each 10-degree increment from each site (with an origin at zero degrees north) in ESRI ArcGIS Pro (ESRI, 2023) base d on the design water surface elevation and ground surface elevation data. Wind speed data is reported at each 10-degree interval beginning with zero degrees north.
Large waves can be produced even if the direction of the longest fetch and the direction of the maximum Site of Interest Radial Fetches
Levee Crest Alignment
Wind
φ
Wind
Waves
Fetch Length
(Typical)
10°
Site of Interest
7 wind are different, so a preliminary evaluation was performed at each site to determine the wind speed/direction which would produce the maximum wav e height for a given fetch direction. The computed wave height is approximately a function of the fetch-parallel component of the wind speed and the squa re root of the fetch length. Given wind speeds and fetch lengths determined for each incremental 10-degre e direction, the fetch lengths at 1-degree increments were interpolated and averaged over 15-degree arcs for each 1-degree direction.
Because the longest fetches for some sites may be more parallel than perpendicular to the levee alignment, and because wave runup is reduced for large angles between the wave direction and slope- perpendicular direction (see Section 6.4.3 below), an additional term is added to the fetch o ptimization function used by ACES. The maximum value from the f ollowing equation was computed for each wind/fetch direction combination using Microsoft Excel to estimate the critical wind velocity to be used for analysis:
. cosϕ
.
10.002222∗
-------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- (1) where:
U = wind speed for a given direction
Φ = off-fetch wind direction angle (-80° < Φ < +80°)
β = angle of wave incidence (degrees)
The optimal wind velocity determined by the above m ethod was used to calculate wave growth using the restricted fetch approach in ACES. The ACES model c omputes interpolated fetch lengths at 1-degree increments, and then averages the fetch lengths over 15-degree arcs for each 1-degree direction. Given a critical wind direction, the direction of maximum wave development (centered on the critical 15-degree arc) is determined by maximizing the result of the following equation (USACE, 1992):
. cosϕ
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------- (2) where:
Fφ = interpolated averaged fetch length for a 15-degr ee arc (miles) φ = off-wind direction angle (deg)
This procedure maximizes the relevant terms in the expression for wave period (Tp) .
Wind speed data were analyzed to determine appropri ate design wind speeds for wave growth prediction, as described below.
3.1 Stationarity and Detrending
Historical trends of peak annual wind speeds were investigated for stationarity using the Kolmogorov- Smirnov (K-S) test to compare the distributions of average (across all directions) peak annual wind speeds between the first half and last half of record years for each airport. For example, SAC had 59 complete record years from 1964 to 2022. The first 30 years and last 29 years of average peak annual
8 wind speed values were each ranked, and stepwise cu mulative distribution functions (CDF) calculated.
The maximum difference between the CDFs for any giv en wind speed was determined, and this value was compared to the critical K-S test value for various significance levels. If the maximum difference between the CDFs exceeds the test value, then the n ull hypothesis is rejected, meaning that the samples come from different populations with the corresponding significance level (i.e., there is a historical trend between the first and last half of the period of record). For the airports analyzed, the null hypothes is was rejected with a significance level of 99% for MCC and SMF, 97% at MHR, and 95% at SAC. Because trends were detected with a high significance level at each airport, the data was detrended to the year 2023 based on the linear trendline slope of the average values analyzed. This procedure was tested for both mean and median values, and the average type w ith the higher trendline correlation at each airport was used for detrending the data. The stationarity and detrending calculations for each airport are shown in Exhibit 3 .
3.2 Return Period
Neither FEMA nor USACE prescribe a particular return period for the design wind speed to be used in a deterministic analysis of wind setup and wave runup for NFIP levee system evaluation. FEMA guidance for determining criteria for selection of design wind speeds in combination with a design still water event is vague. In the FEMA publication on this topic (FEMA, 2019), an example is discussed which includes evaluation of wind speed data from three stations:
“The maximum wind speeds ranged from 61 mph … to 39 mph … with an average maximum for all three stations of approximately 47 mph … a 45-mph wind speed was selected for input to the restricted fetch calculation.”
Apart from the apparent neglect of directionality, this example gives no criteria for the selection of the final wind speed used for the calculation, which was sign ificantly lower than the maximum value.
The ULDC produced by the California Department of W ater Resources (DWR) gives specific guidance on the return period for wind speeds to be used for setup and runup computations (DWR, 2012, pp. 7–40):
“The wind speed to be used is that which has a 50 percent probability of not being exceeded in any 50-year design period. This criterion yields a design wind speed with a return period of 72.6 years, or annual probability of 0.0138.”
The design wind speeds were determined using a retu rn-period approach as recommended by DWR’s ULDC. A frequency analysis was performed to estimat e the 72.6-year wind speed for each wind direction using the statistical procedure described below.
9 3.3 Analysis Procedure
For each wind direction (in 10-degree increments), the 72.6-year wind speed was estimated assuming the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution, which has the following cumulative distribution function:
=
⁄
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- --------- (3) where:
F(y) = probability of non-exceedance of y
y = reduced variate of peak annual 2-minute-duration wind speeds, U k = shape parameter
The reduced variate ( y) is related to the location ( μ) and scale ( σ) parameters by:
=
!
"
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ (4)
Plotting position for a sample is given by:
=
#
$ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- (5) where:
m = 1 for the smallest ordered value of U and m = n for the largest ordered value of U n = number of ordered values in the sample
The reduced variate for sample values is calculated as follows:
=
%&'()
*+
%&'()
*+
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- (6)
For each wind direction, the peak annual 2-minute-duration wind speeds ( U) were ordered, and the probability of non-exceedance F(y) was calculated for each value of U using Equation 5 above. The reduced variate ( y) was computed for each value of U using Equation 6 above using an assumed value for the shape parameter, k. The location ( μ) and scale ( σ) parameters were estimated based on a best-fit calculation of U as a function of y using Equations 7 and 8 below:
,=
$∑
∑
∑
$∑.
∑
. -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- --------- (7)
/=
∑ "∑
$ -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- ----------------- (8)
The coefficient of determination (R 2) was calculated according to Equation 9 below for each best-fit calculation of U to assess the correlation of the assumed distribution. Initial values for the shape parameter ( k) were adjusted iteratively to find the best-fit calculation resulting in the highest coefficient of determination for each wind direction. The resulting correlation was generally very good, with R 2 values averaging 0.98 across all wind directions and airports.
10 0=1
∑(
*.
∑ 1
. -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- --------- (9) where:
21 = mean of wind speed sample values (mph)
U(y) = wind speed predicted using line of best fit (mp h)
Regression equations were calculated for each wind direction of the following form:
2=,3/ -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- ----------------- (10)
Using the best-fit calculation for each wind direction, the design wind speed was estimated by calculating the reduced variate for a 72.6-year return interval, substituting that reduced variate ( y) into the linear regression equation, and solving for the predicted wind speed ( U). The reduced variate in a series of peak annual values of any given return period ( T) is calculated similarly to Equation 6 above:
=
4&' 5⁄
6 4&' 5⁄
6 -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- --------- (11) where:
T = return period (years)
3.4 Results
72.6-year wind speeds were calculated for each wind direction from the regression equations, and the results at each airport are given in Exhibit 4. The wind speeds are illustrated as a wind rose, w hich shows the design 72.6-year wind speeds for each direction at 10-degree increments. For each direction, the design wind speeds were interpolated to each an alysis site using an inverse-distance-weighted average.
Due to this spatial interpolation, some smoothing will occur whereby the wind speeds used for analysis at each site will represent neither the highest nor lowest speeds from any given airport, but a weighted average. To quantify this smoothing effect, the K-S test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of wind speed differences (for all wind directions) due to smoothing resulting from distance-weighted averaging of airport data to the locations of the analysis sites. The result was that the null hypothesis could not be rejected at the 30% significance level. Therefore, the population distributions of averag e airport wind speeds are assumed to be equal to the population distributions of average analysis site w ind speeds for the purposes of the analysis. These calculations are also shown in Exhibit 4.
For each selected site, wind speed adjustment and wave growth were calculated using the “Wind Speed Adjustment and Wave Growth” module as part of the C EDAS-ACES Version 4.03 software (Veri-Tech, 2023).
4.1 Wind Speed Adjustment
The wind speed observations at the anemometer locat ions are not directly relevant to wave height
11 predictions at the analysis locations due to the effects of surface roughness and wind speed gradients with respect to height above ground within the immediate vicinity of the anemometer. Maximum wind speed observations listed in Table 1 must be adjusted to estimate the appropriate wind stress at a given site. The ACES model calculates wind speed adjustme nts based on the following variables:
• Height of anemometer above ground and duration of observed wind • Duration of final wind
• Air-water temperature difference – neglected for t he relatively short fetches in this analysis 4 • Latitude of wind observation – accounts for the Co riolis effect of the Earth’s rotation on geostrophic wind patterns
• Location of wind observation – inland, over-water, shore, or geostrophic
Wind speed adjustment in the ACES model is based on an idealized model of the planetary boundary layer, consisting of the constant stress region (10-60 m above water surface), the Ekman region (to 1, 000 m above water surface), and the geostrophic region (more than 1,000 m above water surface). For inland wind observations, such as those collected at airports, the model initially estimates the geostrophic wind from the low-level observations, followed by solving a series of equations describing the constant str ess region and the entire planetary boundary layer to determine the equilibrium neutral wind speed (U e) at 10 m above the water surface. Next, the model adjusts for increased stability conditions for fetch lengths shorter than 16 km using a factor of 0.9U e. Finally, the model adjusts the wind speed to account for the duration of interest for a particular fetch length. The duration of wind used for evaluation is important because the observed wind speed is adjusted by empi rical factors to obtain the wind speed at the specified duration, which has a significant impact on the computed wave height. The ratio of wind spee d of any duration ( Ut) to the 1-hour wind speed ( U3600 ) is described as follows in Equations 12 and 13 5:
For t < 3,600 sec:
27 289 =1 .277 + 0.296 tanh A0.9 log 45 F G⁄
H ⁄ ----------------------------------------------------------------------- (12)
For 3,600 sec < t < 36,000 sec:
27 289 = 1.5334 − 0.15 log FG⁄ -------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- (13)
First the 1-hour wind speed ( U3600 ) is determined ( ti = tobs ), and then the wind speed at the specified duration (Ut) is calculated.
4.2 Wave Growth
The “Restricted” fetch options in ACES were used to calculate wave growth because, unlike coastal wave analysis, the analysis locations feature irregularly shaped fetches.
Wave growth for a given fetch is either duration-limited or fetch-limited. Duration-limited growth means that the given wind duration is not sufficiently long for the maximum wave heights to develop across t he
4 USACE, 2002, Paragraph II 2 1.i.(3)(d), p. II 2 36
5 Reference: Figure II-2-1 in the Coastal Engineering Manual (USACE, 2002)
12 given fetch. Fetch-limited growth means that the waves are fully developed with respect to wind durati on and speed, but the length of the fetch limits wave growth. For shorter durations, the maximum wave height may not be achieved along the given fetch. Conversely, longer durations will produce higher waves. The duration can easily be adjusted within ACES, so various durations were examined to determine the wind duration and corresponding speed that would produce the largest waves for a given fetch. The minimum duration required for a wave fie ld to become fetch-limited is estimated using Equation 14 below 6:
FJK7LM = 51.09
)N.O.
PN..Q ÛSN.TT ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- (14) where:
tfetch = minimum duration required for a wave field to be come fetch-limited (sec) F = fetch (feet)
g = acceleration due to gravity (32.2 feet/sec 2)
Ûa = fetch-parallel component of adjusted wind speed for restricted fetch approach (feet/sec)
The estimated wave height and period for duration- and fetch-limited waves in deep water for a restricted fetch are given by the equations below (Smith, 1991):
Duration-Limited ( ti < tfetch ), Deep Water, Restricted Fetch Formulas:
U = 0.000103 V
ÛS.
P
W V
P7X
ÛS
W
.9Y
........................................................................................................................ (15)
Z = 0.082 V
ÛS
P W V
P7X
ÛS
W
.8Y
.............................................................................................................................. (16)
Fetch-Limited ( ti ≥ tfetch ), Deep Water, Restricted Fetch Formulas:
U= 0.0015 V
ÛS.
P W V
P)
ÛS.W
⁄
............................................................................................................................. (17)
Z = 0.3704 V
ÛS
P W V
P)
ÛS.W
.
............................................................................................................................. (18) where:
H = wave height determined by duration- or fetch-lim ited expressions (feet) T = wave period determined by duration- or fetch-lim ited expressions (sec) ti = wind duration used in duration-limited expressio ns
The wave height and period computed with either the duration- or fetch-limited equations are then compared to the expressions for a fully developed equilibrium spectrum to ensure that the fully developed conditions are not exceeded (USACE, 1984a):
Fully Developed, Deep Water, Restricted Fetch Formu las:
6 Reference: Equation 28 of the ACES Technical Reference (USACE, 1992, p. 1-1-10)
13 UJ\ = 0.2433 V
Û].
P W ...................................................................................................................................... (19)
ZJ\ = 8.134 V
Û]
P W ......................................................................................................................................... (20) where:
Hfd = wave height limited by fully developed spectrum criteria (feet) Tfd = wave period limited by fully developed spectrum criteria (sec) Ûe = fetch-parallel component of equilibrium neutral wind speed for restricted fetch approach (feet/sec)
Shallow water approaching the levee slope for a sig nificant distance will act to limit wave growth by energy dissipation through wave refraction and shoa ling, bottom friction, and percolation. Shallow-wat er conditions will prevail if the depth of water approaching the levee slope is less than one-half the deepwater wavelength (USACE, 1984b, p. 10). The dee pwater wavelength is calculated as follows in Equation 21 (USACE, 1984b, p. 9):
^_ = 5.12 Z
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- (21) where:
Lo = Deepwater wavelength (feet)
T = Period corresponding to the frequency of the pea k energy density of the wave spectrum (sec)
If a fetch is sufficiently deep, the bottom friction and percolation effects are negligible to the wave growth calculation, and the “Deep Restricted” fetch option was used. If a fetch is sufficiently shallow compared to the deepwater wavelength, bottom friction and percolation are significant in limiting wave growth, and the “Shallow Restricted” fetch option was used. When the “Shallow Restricted” fetch option was used, an independent check was made to ensure that the durat ion-limited wave height and period were greater than or equal to those computed with the software, because ACES does not check for duration-limited conditions automatically when using the “Shallow Restricted” fetch option (USACE, 1992).
For Sites 2, 3, and 17, the “Shallow Restricted” fetch option was used. The average fetch depth for these sites ranged from 3.6 to 6.8 feet. All other sites used the “Deep Restricted” fetch option.
4.3 ACES Input and Output
Required input for the ACES “Windspeed Adjustment a nd Wave Growth” module is as follows:
• elevation of observed wind (30 feet standard)
• observed wind speed (mph)
• air-water temperature difference (0°F assumed)
• duration of observed wind (2 minutes for the data downloaded) • duration of final wind (varies by site, adjusted t o obtain fully developed wave conditions) • latitude of wind observation (38.7 degrees)
• wind observation type (“Inland”)
14 • wind fetch option (“Deep Restricted” or “Shallow R estricted”) • wind direction (degrees, clockwise from zero degre es north) • average depth of fetch (feet)
• direction of first radial fetch (degrees, clockwis e from zero degrees north) • radial fetch angle increment (degrees)
• number of fetch angles
• fetch length (miles, for each fetch angle)
Output from the ACES “Wind Speed Adjustment and Wav e Growth” module is as follows:
• wind fetch length (miles)
• equilibrium neutral wind speed (mph)
• adjusted wind speed (mph)
• mean wave direction (degrees, clockwise from zero degrees north) • wave height, H mo (feet)
• wave period, T p (sec)
4.4 Wave Height Correction
The wave height was corrected to account for factors not included in the ACES formulas, including submerged breakwater features and vegetation buffer s, as described below.
4.4.1 Correction for Submerged Breakwater
Some fetches contain linear features such as road embankments which would be inundated during the design still water event and consequently would act as submerged breakwaters.
Breakwaters transmit a portion of the incoming wave energy, as a function of the still water depth over the structure and the incoming wave height (USACE, 2002, pp. II-7-22, Figure II-7-19). In the case of rubble mound breakwaters (typical for coastal breakwaters specifically constructed for this purpose), a portion of the wave energy may also be transmitted through the porous structure.
There can be a spectral shift toward higher frequencies in the transmitted wave energy, but this requires more detailed observed wave data to quanti fy. For this analysis, breakwaters are assumed to be impermeable, and the period of the transmitted significant wave is assumed to be equal to that of the incoming.
Submerged linear breakwater features were identified within the critical fetches for Sites 16, 17, and 19. Transmission coefficients (ratio of transmitted to incoming wave height) for these sites were 0.68, 0.63, and 0.95, respectively.
4.4.2 Correction for Vegetation Buffer
As waves pass through vegetated areas, energy is dissipated by drag (friction) and inertial (momentum) forces as moving water separates to flow around trunks and branches and converges on the other side. Assuming regular, linear (Airy theory) waves and rigid full-depth vegetation, the rate of energy dissipation can be calculated based on assumed inertia ( CM) and drag ( CD) hydrodynamic force coefficients. Inputs for this calculation include the fluid properties,
15 incident wave height ( Hi) and period ( T ), still water depth ( ds), width of vegetation buffer in direction of wave travel ( W ), and average vegetation diameter ( D ) and density ( Nt).
The water particle horizontal speed for linear waves (time- and depth-varying) is (USACE, 1992):
|k|F, m
= n
o∗P∗5
p ∗
qrst uv\
p⁄
qrst u\ p⁄
∗ cos 2wF Z⁄
n ............................................................................. (22) where:
|u | = water particle horizontal speed (feet/sec)
g = gravity constant (32.2 ft/s 2)
H = wave height (feet)
d = still water depth (feet)
L = wave length (feet)
t = time (sec)
T = wave period (sec)
z = depth relative to still water level (feet)
The inertial force of the vegetation (time- and depth-varying), is (USACE, 1984a):
{GF, m
= |} ∗ ~ ∗ ∗ w ∗
.
∗ U ∗
u ∗qrst uv\
p⁄
p∗qrst u\ p⁄
∗ sin −2wF Z⁄
............................................... (23)
where:
fi = inertial force per foot of vegetation buffer width (lbs/foot) CM = inertia (or mass) hydrodynamic force coefficient
ρ = fluid density (1.936 slugs/ft 3 at 60 °F)
D = average vegetation diameter (feet)
The drag force of the vegetation (time- and depth-v arying), is (USACE, 1984a):
{F, m
=
∗ ~ ∗ ∗
∗ U ∗
P5.
p. ∗
qrst uv\
p⁄
qrst u\ p⁄
. ∗ cos 2wF Z⁄
∗ |cos 2wF Z⁄
| ............................ (24)
where:
fD = drag force per foot of vegetation buffer width (lbs/foot) CD = drag hydrodynamic force coefficient
The average wave energy dissipation rate through the vegetation buffer is:
5
|k|F, m
4{GF, m
+ {F, m
6 F m
v\
5 7 .................................................................. (25) where:
Dfetch = wave energy dissipation rate per tree (foot ·lbs/sec) Nt = vegetation buffer density, trees per unit bottom surface area (ft -2) w = vegetation buffer width segment (feet)
W = total vegetation buffer width (feet)
For any sites with an applicable vegetation buffer, the inertial force, drag force, and water particle horizontal speed equations were first solved using spreadsheet calculations at 50 discrete intervals on both the time and depth axes, from t = 0 to T and from z = 0 to d. The energy dissipation rate was then determined by summing the inertial and drag forces and multiplying by
16 the average water particle horizontal speed across each interval, summing the result for each interval along both time and depth axes, multiplying by the vegetation density and buffer width segment, and dividing by the wave period. This procedure was calculated for a single segment of vegetation buffer width, equal to W / 100. The reduced wave height was determined at t he end of the buffer width segment, and this became the new incident wave height for the next buffer width segment. As the wave energy is dissipated along the fetch direction through the buffer width, the average rate of energy dissipation also decreases. This procedure does not account for any shift in peak spectral wave period which may occur becaus e of the energy dissipation.
The assumed inertia coefficient may range from 1.5 to 2, depending on the average Reynolds number for a site. The Shore Protection Manual summarizes inertia coefficients that may be applicable for various ranges of Reynolds number, beginning at 2 for Re < 2.5 x 10 5 and decreasing slightly for higher values (USACE, 1984a). Sites with lower average Reynolds numbers based on predominantly smaller-stemmed vege tation (Willows) would use an inertia coefficient of 2. Sites with much larger, mature woody vegetation and corresponding higher average Reynolds numbers would use an inertia coeff icient of 1.5.
The assumed drag coefficient was 0.3 for all sites. The theoretical drag coefficient for an isolated vertical cylinder may be approximately 1.2 but can vary significantly. As summarized in the Beach Lake Levee Wind-Wave Buffer Report , and the Shore Protection Manual , the drag coefficient decreases with increasing Reynolds number and Keule gan-Carpenter number KC and may be as
low as 0.3 for Re = 7,000 and KC = 80 (Poindexter, Cristina et al, 2018). Where the computed values of Re and KC are approximately on this order or higher, a drag coefficient of 0.3 was conservatively chosen.
Some sites in the study area may have riparian vegetation that would decrease wave heights, but based on the results it was not necessary to account for this reduction and no reduction was included in the calculations.
The setup and setdown are the positive and negative changes in mean water level due to wind shear and a train of surface waves. Setup is the portion of the water level rise above still water level near the downwind shoreline produced by wind-wave mechanics that is not directly due to the undulation of the waves. It is produced by a net volume transport resulting from wind shear and non-linear wave properti es.
Wind-wave setup acts to increase the total maximum elevation of wave runup on a structure, sometimes increasing substantially. Setdown is the corresponding lowering of the water level which occurs away from the shoreline, which is an irrelevant phenomenon for the purposes of this study. Setdown could be considered for rapid drawdown stability analysis (by others, not part of this report) in some cases, but in the study area the setup values are small (0.01 to 0.28 feet), so it is not likely a critical design case.
5.1 Wind Setup
The concepts of wind setup, wind setdown, and wave runup are illustrated on Exhibit 5. Wind setup is
17 calculated using Equation 26 below 7:
=
.)
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- (26) where:
S = Wind setup relative to the static water level (f eet) U = Wind speed over water and at 33 feet above the w ater surface (mph) F = Wind fetch (miles)
D = Average water depth along fetch line (feet)
If an enclosed water body converges to a narrower w idth in the downwind direction, the effects of wind setup can be magnified, but this effect is not relevant for the terrain in the study area.
If the waves approach the structure at an oblique angle, the wind setup is a function of the cosine of the angle of approach, with the remaining energy produc ing a longshore current. Therefore, wind setup is minimized for waves approaching a structure at a large oblique angle. For the purposes of this analysis, no adjustments were made to wind setup to account f or the wave approach angle because this is not a large open or coastal water body (therefore longshore currents would be subdued) and because it is appropriately conservative to neglect this adjustment for the small computed values of wind setup at the study sites. Therefore, no angle of approach reduction was assumed for purposes of wind setup calculation.
The wind setup for the sites analyzed ranged from 0.01 feet (Site 9) to 0.28 feet (Site 2).
5.2 Wave Setup and Setdown
Wave setup and setdown (different than wind setup a nd setdown) are the changes in the mean water level caused by wave action alone. Wave setup need not be computed separately from wave runup in most cases because the empirical methods used to pr edict wave runup typically use measurements taken in reference to the offshore still water level and already include the effects of wave setup in the prediction of wave runup. However, when wave growth occurs in deep water and waves are refracted to shallow water at a significant distance in front of the structure, the wave setup occurs independently of the predicted runup and should therefore be account ed for separately 8. No such sites were identified in this analysis. Wave setdown is irrelevant for the purposes of this study because it occurs near the po int of wave breaking, away from the shoreline.
For each selected site, wave runup was calculated using a combination of CEDAS-ACES Version 4.03
7 Reference: Equation 8 from Freeboard Criteria and Guidelines for Computing Freeboard Allowances for Storage Dams by the U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (USBR, 1981, p. 43), which is the same as Formula 15-1 from EM 1110-2-1420 Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (USACE, 1997) and has been reproduced from Equation 3-1 of EM 1110-2-1414 Water Levels and Wave Heights for Coastal Engineering Design (USACE, 1989). 8 (USACE, 1984a), Paragraph 3.VIII.5, pp. 3-99 to 3-101
18 and Excel spreadsheet calculations.
6.1 Runup for Significant Wave
The ACES “Wave Runup and Overtopping on Impermeable Structures” module was used to determine the runup associated with the significant wave. Important assumptions built into the ACES wave runup calculations are as follows (USACE, 1992):
• Waves are normally incident to the structure and a re unbroken in the vicinity of the structure toe. • Waves are specified at the structure location.
• Structures are impermeable with simple plane slope s. • Expressions for computing runup have generally bee n determined by empirical curve fitting procedures and therefore do not formally represent “best fit” curves derived by statistical procedures.
• An “irregular” wave type is assumed because “monoc hromatic” or “regular” wave types are not common in nature. Sea waves during storms are alway s irregular and short-crested (USACE, 2002, Part II, Chapter 1).
• Irregular wave conditions are characterized by sig nificant wave height, H s. • Runup values caused by an irregular sea will follo w a Rayleigh distribution.
For structures with protective embankment protection (e.g. riprap, rubble), the empirical method presented by Ahrens and McCartney is used by ACES to predict the wave runup as a function of the surf- similarity parameter or Iribarren number ( ξ ) (Ahrens & McCartney, Wave Period Effect on the St ability of Riprap, 1975). No such structures exist in this analysis.
0 = UG
................................................................................................................................................. (27)
=
'
oX p⁄ ................................................................................................................................................... (28) where:
R = runup (feet)
Hi = incident wave height (feet)
α, b = empirical coefficients associated with correspon ding types of armor unit θ = slope angle between structure face and horizonta l (deg) Lo = deepwater wavelength (feet)
For structures with smooth slopes (e.g. grass, bare earth), the following method recommended by Ahrens and Titus was used by ACES to predict the wave runup as a function of the surf-similarity parameter using a different definition of the coefficient ( C ) for three types of wave conditions (Ahrens & Tit us, 1985):
0 = |UG ..................................................................................................................................................... (29)
Plunging wave conditions ( ξ ≤ 2):
| = 1.002 ............................................................................................................................................... (30)
19 Transitional Wave Conditions (2 < ξ < 3.5):
|7 = V
8.
. W | + V
. W |$ ......................................................................................................................... (31)
Nonbreaking Wave Conditions ( ξ ≥ 3.5):
|$ = 1.087w 2⁄ + 0.775Π ..................................................................................................................... (32)
Π =
oX p⁄
't u\¡ p⁄
......................................................................................................................................... (33) where:
Π = Goda’s nonlinearity parameter (Goda, 1983)
L = incident wavelength (feet)
6.2 ACES Input and Output
Required input for the ACES “Wave Runup and Overtopping on Impermeable Structures” module is as follows:
• wave type (“irregular”)
• slope type (“smooth” or “rough”)
• breaking criteria, k=0.78 (ratio of wave height to depth at which waves break) • incident significant wave height, H s (feet)
• peak wave period, T p (sec)
• cotangent of nearshore slope
• water depth at structure toe, d s (feet)
• cotangent of structure slope
• structure height above toe, h s (feet)
• grass slope runup adjustment factor, γgrass =0.90
• rough slope coefficients, a and b (not applicable)
• angle of wave incidence, β (deg)
• onshore wind velocity, U (ft/sec)
• overtopping coefficients, α and Q* o from Figures 7-25 through 7-28 and 7-34 of the Shore Protection Manual (USACE, 1984a)
Output from the ACES “Wave Runup and Overtopping on Impermeable Structures” module is as follows:
• significant wave runup, R s (feet)
• deepwater significant wave height, H o (feet)
• relative height, d s/H o
• wave steepness, H o/gT 2
• overtopping rate, Q (cfs per foot)
6.3 Runup for 2% Exceedance Wave
Code of Federal Regulations title 44 CFR 65.10(b)(3) (U.S. Government Printing Office, 2022) requires an
20 engineering analysis that demonstrates no appreciable erosion of the embankment can be expected during the base flood due to wave action. Embankmen ts designed with adequate freeboard to contain the runup for the 2% exceedance wave (wave runup which is exceeded by 2% of waves on average) typically experience overtopping rates of approximately 0.001 cfs/foot for typical riverine wave growth conditions on embankments with consistent waterside and landsi de slopes (USACE, 2010). An overtopping rate of
0.001 cfs/foot is equivalent to 0.6 cups of water over the embankment every 5 seconds per foot of leng th.
Even for an embankment consisting of silts or silty/fine sands with no protective covering, no damage is expected due to extremely small overtopping rates of this magnitude (USACE, 2010). Therefore, the 2% exceedance runup was used as the design basis for e mbankment freeboard assessment.
Runup for the 2% exceedance wave was determined by multiplying the significant wave runup computed using ACES by a factor of 1.40 (USACE, 1984b, pp. 1 1, Table 1).
6.4 Runup Correction
The wave runup was corrected to account for factors not included in the ACES formulas, including embankment cover material and angle of wave inciden ce on the structure, as described below.
6.4.1 Correction for Berm
If there is a waterside berm on the embankment with average water depth less than U¢√2, then some reduction in wave runup will occur due to wave breaking over the berm. The wave runup reduction is calculated using Equations VI-5-7 through VI-5-9 of the Coastal Engineering Manual (USACE, 2002).
No sites with shallow waterside berms were identified in this study.
6.4.2 Correction for Surface Roughness
For the proposed embankment cover materials, the 2% exceedance runup was adjusted in the spreadsheet calculations by applying an assumed factor of 0.90, which represents short grass cover, based on the surface roughness reduction factors listed in Table VI-5-3 of the Coastal Engineering Manual (USACE, 2002). Areas covered wit h cobble would have a lower factor (0.55 – 0.60). Over time, the roughness of an embankment surface can increase, and a greater reduction in runup can be assumed for existing embankments without uniform, short grass cover.
The reduction factor used for this study is conservatively based on a newly constructed embankment with recently established grass cover and no significant overgrowth. Note that the coefficient used by USACE for the Natomas levee project was 0.66, Mead & Hunt previously used 0.75 and 0.6 for normal and hog vegetation, respectively for the Natomas levee project, and GEI used 0.5 for the Feather River and Bear River levees.
6.4.3 Correction for Angle of Wave Incidence
The 2% exceedance runup was adjusted to account for oblique angle of wave incidence on the structure, assuming short-crested waves, according to Figure VI-5-10 of the Coastal Engineering Manual (USACE, 2002).
21 ¤¥ =10. 0022 .......................................................................................................................... (34) where:
γβ = Angle of Mean Wave Incidence Adjustment Factor
7.1 Acceptance Criteria
The design still water elevation for this study is the computed 200-year water surface. The design top of levee elevation is typically a minimum of three feet above the computed 200-year water surface elevati on.
If necessary, the design must include additional freeboard to prevent excessive wave overtopping that could result in erosion of the embankment. As descr ibed above, the 2% exceedance runup was used as the basis for freeboard evaluation. If the freeboard required to contain the design wave conditions (w ind setup plus 2% exceedance wave runup) is determined to be greater than the available freeboard, then either the design top of levee must be increased to provide the required freeboard, or an overtopping rate calculation must be performed to assess the risk of embankment erosion under design wave conditions.
Additionally, the interior drainage system must be assessed to determine satisfactory drainage to hand le any predicted overtopping flows. Land-side levee erosion protection may also be required for higher rates of overtopping.
7.2 Overtopping Rate
If the design wave conditions (wind setup plus 2% exceedance wave runup) at a site are determined to overtop the levee, an overtopping rate calculation is performed in accordance with the guidance provid ed in the ACES Technical Reference, Section 5-2 (USACE , 1992). Spreadsheet calculations are used to adjust for the onshore wind speed and angle. Overtopping coefficients ( α and Q o*) are estimated from Figures 7-25 through 7-28 and 7-34 of the Shore Protection Manual (USACE, 1984a). For exceedance probabilities between 0.001 and 0.999, in increments of 0.001, the wave runup, wind correction, and overtopping rate are determined. The average overto pping rate is then computed by summing the overtopping rate for each exceedance probability and dividing by the total number of probability values considered (999).
No overtopping locations were identified in this study.
Wind and wave setup and runup were computed for the design water surface elevations. The wind setup plus wave runup was equal to or less than 3 feet for all analysis sites. The results of the wind and wave analysis are presented in Table 2 below.
22 TABLE 2. WIND-WAVE ANALYSIS RESULTS
Site No. Northing Easting
Restricted Fetch
Length (miles)
Average Fetch
Depth (feet)
Design Observed
2-min Wind Speed
(mph)
Associated Wind
Direction (deg)
Design Water
Surface Elevation
(feet NAVD88)
Duration of Final
Wind (min)
Adjusted Wind
Speed (mph)
Significant Wave
Height at Levee
(feet)
Peak Spectral Wave
Period (sec)
Wind Setup (feet)
2% Exceedance
Wave Runup (feet)
Setup + Runup
(feet)
2 2,005,703 6,720,125 0.9 3.6 38.0 330 43.4 24 40.6 0.87 1.74 0.28 1.37 1.7 3 2,005,036 6,718,316 1.3 6.8 35.1 310 41.8 37 36.8 1.05 1.90 0.18 2.10 2.3 4 2,002,180 6,713,890 0.8 9.7 39.0 340 41.3 21 41.9 1.03 1.90 0.10 1.77 1.9 5 1,990,923 6,721,063 0.3 12.2 35.2 210 38.7 12 38. 5 0.59 1.41 0.03 0.93 1.0 6 1,990,113 6,717,748 0.3 11.3 44.2 130 37.8 12 49. 1 0.79 1.61 0.05 1.33 1.4 7 1,989,857 6,716,705 0.4 18.1 34.4 220 37.7 16 37. 0 0.69 1.54 0.02 1.26 1.3 8 1,990,760 6,723,561 0.3 4.0 37.3 110 42.2 11 41.1 0.57 1.34 0.08 1.10 1.2 9 1,990,541 6,720,653 0.3 12.5 29.4 270 38.5 12 31. 7 0.46 1.25 0.01 0.93 0.9 10 1,989,276 6,715,907 0.4 14.7 29.5 260 37.7 15 31 .5 0.54 1.37 0.02 1.22 1.2 11 1,995,357 6,712,589 0.6 14.0 44.4 180 38.8 17 48 .6 1.08 1.92 0.08 1.62 1.7 12 1,984,918 6,714,090 2.4 16.2 39.0 340 36.9 49 40 .9 1.68 2.42 0.18 2.80 3.0 13 1,983,013 6,713,727 1.0 18.1 29.6 260 37.0 29 30 .9 0.86 1.78 0.04 1.58 1.6 14 1,981,599 6,712,382 2.1 20.2 31.4 240 36.6 51 32 .4 1.31 2.25 0.08 2.92 3.0 15 1,979,397 6,718,793 1.0 9.8 35.1 210 38.2 29 37. 0 1.06 1.96 0.10 2.78 2.9 16 1,976,933 6,724,832 1.0 14.7 47.6 150 39.9 23 51 .7 0.99 2.25 0.13 2.58 2.7 17 1,973,880 6,728,124 2.5 12.9 30.0 260 41.1 60 30 .8 0.88 2.30 0.13 2.20 2.3 18 1,970,800 6,727,375 1.1 16.4 38.2 330 42.5 27 40 .6 1.18 2.06 0.08 1.57 1.6 19 1,969,247 6,737,905 1.6 12.8 34.8 240 48.4 43 36 .4 1.21 2.19 0.12 2.07 2.2 20 1,974,068 6,749,275 0.6 17.8 48.3 130 53.2 18 53 .0 1.20 2.01 0.07 2.09 2.2 21 1,976,219 6,751,426 0.7 19.5 48.5 130 55.9 17 53 .4 1.21 2.02 0.07 1.49 1.6
23 Ahrens, J. P., & McCartney, B. L. (1975). Wave Period Effect on the Stability of Riprap . Proceedings of Civil Engineering in the Oceans/111, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1019-1034.
Ahrens, J. P., & Titus, M. F. (1985). Wave Runup Formulas for Smooth Slopes . Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, American Socie ty of Civil Engineers, Vol. 111, No. 1, pp. 128-133.
DWR. (2012, May). Urban Levee Design Criteria .
ESRI. (2023). ArcGIS Pro software . Version 3.1.2.
FEMA. (2019, February). Guidance for Flood Risk Ana lysis and Mapping. Determination of Wave Characteristics .
Goda, Y. (1983). A Unified Nonlinearity Parameter of Water Waves . Report of the Port and Harbour Research Institute, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 3-30.
Harris, D. (1957). The Hurricane Surge . Coastal Engineering Proceedings, Sixth Conference , Part 1, Chapter 5.
MBK. (2024). Wind and Wave Analysis Inputs (Various ). Updated May 24, 2024.
Mead & Hunt. (2015, February). SAFCA Levee Evaluati on. Wind Wave Analysis .
NOAA. (2023). ASOS Wind Tower Anemometer Heights . Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.
Poindexter, Cristina et al. (2018, January 24). Beach Lake Levee Wind-Wave Buffer Report . Office of Water Programs, California State University, Sacram ento.
Smith, J. (1991). Wind-Wave Generation on Restricted Fetches . Miscellaneous Paper CERC 91 2, US Army Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
U.S. Government Printing Office. (2022, October 1). 44 CFR 65.10. Emergency Management and Assistance .
USACE. (1984a). Shore Protection Manual . 4th ed.
USACE. (1984b). ETL 1110-2-305. Determining Sheltered Water Wave Characteristics . February 16, 1984.
USACE. (1989, July 7). EM 1110-2-1414. Water Levels and Wave Heights for Coastal Engineeri ng Design .
USACE. (1992, September). Automated Coastal Engineering System (ACES) Technical Reference .
Version 1.07.
USACE. (1997, October 31). EM 1110-2-1420. Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs .
USACE. (2002, April 30). EM 1110-2-1100. Coastal Engineering Manual . Rev. 2008, August 1.
USACE. (2010, August 31). EC 1110-2-6067. Engineering and Design: USACE Process for the Natio nal Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Levee System Evaluation .
USBR. (1981). ACER Technical Memorandum No. 2. Freeboard Criteria and Guidelines for Computing Freeboard Allowances for Storage Dams . Rev. 1992.
Veri-Tech, I. (2023). Coastal Engineering Design and Analysis System - Au tomated Coastal Engineering System (CEDAS-ACES) . Version 4.03.
EXHIBIT 1. Example Source Wind Data
File: X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\3433112.csv 8/24/2023 "STATION","NAME","LATITUDE","LONGITUDE","ELEVATION","DATE","SOURCE","REPORT_TYPE","CALL_SIGN","QUALITY_CONTROL","WND" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T00:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","180,1,N,0036,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T01:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","170,1,N,0046,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T02:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","180,1,N,0062,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T03:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","180,1,N,0046,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T04:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","210,1,N,0031,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T05:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","140,1,N,0031,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T06:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","120,1,N,0031,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T07:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","150,1,N,0031,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T08:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","150,1,N,0026,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T09:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T09:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","140,1,N,0026,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T10:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T10:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","080,1,N,0021,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T11:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T11:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","999,9,C,0000,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T12:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T12:53:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","999,9,C,0000,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T13:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T13:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","320,1,N,0015,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T14:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T14:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","050,1,N,0015,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T15:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T15:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","300,1,N,0021,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T16:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T16:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","999,9,C,0000,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T17:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T17:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","300,1,N,0015,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T18:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T18:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","250,1,N,0015,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T19:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T19:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","180,1,N,0021,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T20:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T20:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","210,1,N,0041,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T21:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T21:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","230,1,N,0041,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T22:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T22:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","190,1,N,0051,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T23:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-01T23:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","210,1,N,0046,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T00:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T00:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","170,1,N,0021,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T01:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T01:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","160,1,N,0026,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T02:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T02:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","180,1,N,0026,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T03:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T03:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","130,1,N,0026,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T04:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T04:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","090,1,N,0031,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T05:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T05:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","999,9,C,0000,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T06:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T06:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","290,1,N,0021,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T07:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T07:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","340,1,N,0021,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T08:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T08:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","340,1,N,0015,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T09:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T09:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","310,1,N,0021,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T10:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T10:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","070,1,N,0021,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T11:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T11:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","350,1,N,0015,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T12:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T12:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","020,1,N,0026,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T13:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T13:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","340,1,N,0015,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T14:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T14:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","999,9,C,0000,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T15:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T15:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","999,9,C,0000,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T16:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T16:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","999,9,C,0000,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T17:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T17:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","220,1,N,0026,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T18:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T18:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","210,1,N,0015,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T19:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T19:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","090,1,N,0015,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T20:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T20:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","210,1,N,0015,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T21:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T21:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","130,1,N,0021,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T22:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T22:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","170,1,N,0026,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T23:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-02T23:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","150,1,N,0036,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-03T00:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-03T00:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","120,1,N,0036,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-03T01:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-03T01:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","140,1,N,0031,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-03T02:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-03T02:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","130,1,N,0031,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-03T03:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-03T03:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","120,1,N,0031,1" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-03T04:00:00","9","NSRDB","99999","V020","999,9,9,9999,9" "72483699999","MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US","38.667639","-121.400611","22.86","2000-01-03T04:50:00","4","FM-15","KMCC ","V020","150,1,N,0021,1" Page: 1
EXHIBIT 2. Example Outlier Analysis
Example High Outlier, Station No. 72483323206
Date & Time
Observed 2-min Wind Speed
(mph)
Corrected
(mph)
5/7/06 0:45 6 6
5/7/06 1:45 6 6
5/7/06 2:45 8 8
5/7/06 3:45 7 7
5/7/06 4:45 52 7
5/7/06 5:45 3 3
5/7/06 6:45 5 5
5/7/06 7:50 6 6
5/7/06 8:45 6 6
Example Non-Outlier, Station No. 72483323206
Date & Time
Observed 2-min Wind Speed
(mph)
1/10/17 20:55 23
1/10/17 21:45 23
1/10/17 22:45 14
1/10/17 23:45 32
1/11/17 0:45 58
1/11/17 1:48 26
1/11/17 1:52 29
1/11/17 2:45 29
1/11/17 3:45 26
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 5/7/06 0:00 5/7/06 6:00 5/7/06 12:00 Observed 2-min Wind Speed (mph) Date & Time
Example High Outlier, Station No. 72483323206
Corrected
Observed
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 70
1/10/17 18:00 1/11/17 0:00 1/11/17 6:00 Observed 2-min Wind Speed (mph) Date & Time
Example Non-Outlier, Station No. 72483323206
Observed
EXHIBIT 3. Design Wind Speed Analysis
3.1 – Design Wind Speed Analysis for McClellan Airport (MCC)
3.2 – Design Wind Speed Analysis for Mather Airport (MHR)
3.3 – Design Wind Speed Analysis for Sacramento Executive Airport (SAC)
3.4 – Design Wind Speed Analysis for Sacramento
International Airport (SMF)
3.1 – Design Wind Speed Analysis for McClellan Airport (MCC) GEV Frequency Plots of Observed 2-min Wind Speed (mph)
y = 4.0431x + 22.164
R² = 0.9828
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4
360
y = 4.0312x + 18.249
R² = 0.9896
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4 6
10 y = 4.1878x + 16.075
R² = 0.9898
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4
20 y = 4.3506x + 13.247
R² = 0.9902
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5 10
30 y = 3.521x + 11.565
R² = 0.9819
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -5 0 5
40 y = 3.2573x + 11.285
R² = 0.9869
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -5 0 5 10
50 y = 2.7192x + 10.514
R² = 0.9677
0 5
10 15
20 25
-5 0 5
60 y = 2.0213x + 11.025
R² = 0.9752
0 5
10 15
20 25
-5 0 5
70 y = 2.3779x + 11.38
R² = 0.992
0 5
10 15
20 25
-5 0 5
80 y = 2.2461x + 11.983
R² = 0.9818
0 5
10 15
20 25
-2 0 2 4 6
90 y = 3.0216x + 13.455
R² = 0.9853
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 0 2 4
100
y = 3.1735x + 16.117
R² = 0.9883
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 0 2 4
110
y = 4.1062x + 18.503
R² = 0.9952
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5
120
y = 5.2856x + 22.924
R² = 0.9768
0 10
20 30
40 50
-2 0 2 4
130
y = 6.5132x + 29.398
R² = 0.9844
0 10
20 30
40 50
-2 0 2 4
140
y = 4.8201x + 34.155
R² = 0.9816
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 -2 0 2 4
150
y = 5.275x + 32.208
R² = 0.9899
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 -2 0 2 4
160
y = 5.5377x + 27.057
R² = 0.9794
0 10
20 30
40 50
-2 0 2 4
170
y = 2.8352x + 23.952
R² = 0.982
0 10
20 30
40 50
-5 0 5 10
180
y = 2.9654x + 22.736
R² = 0.985
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4
190
y = 3.0372x + 22.141
R² = 0.9885
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4
200
y = 2.76x + 22.283
R² = 0.9919 0
10 20
30 40
-2 0 2 4 6
210
y = 2.8776x + 22.094
R² = 0.9923
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4 6
220
y = 3.4009x + 21.219
R² = 0.9863
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 0 2 4
230
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-McClellan (MCC).xlsm GEV Frequency Plots of Observed 2-min Wind Speed (mph)
y = 2.6705x + 18.27
R² = 0.9854
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 0 2 4
240
y = 2.8184x + 16.751
R² = 0.9869 0
5 10
15 20
25 30
-2 0 2 4
250
y = 2.8947x + 16.665
R² = 0.976 0
5 10
15 20
25 30
-2 0 2 4
260
y = 3.2688x + 16.207
R² = 0.9884
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4 6
270
y = 2.8727x + 14.802
R² = 0.9772
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -5 0 5
280
y = 2.5064x + 15.425
R² = 0.9835
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5 10
290
y = 3.1572x + 16.38
R² = 0.9865 0
5 10
15 20
25 30
-2 0 2 4
300
y = 4.1339x + 18.527
R² = 0.9789 0
10 20
30 40
-2 0 2 4
310
y = 4.4815x + 21.718
R² = 0.9753 0
10 20
30 40
-2 0 2 4
320
y = 4.2163x + 25.265
R² = 0.983 0
10 20
30 40
-2 0 2 4
330
y = 4.343x + 26.179
R² = 0.9857 0
10 20
30 40
-2 0 2 4
340
y = 2.8754x + 24.614
R² = 0.9826 0
10 20
30 40
-2 0 2 4
350
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-McClellan (MCC).xlsm Year 360 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 18 0 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 35 0 Mean Max Median 1940 32 0 11 0 0 11 0 10 0 13 0 19 0 0 40 0 44 0 26 0 28 0 0 28 0 24 0 16 0 38 0 0 4 0 0 33 0 12 44 0 1941 40 0 22 0 0 15 0 11 0 16 0 28 0 0 40 0 44 0 41 0 31 0 0 34 0 11 0 44 0 25 0 0 4 8 0 46 0 14 48 0 1942 40 0 11 0 0 16 0 8 0 11 0 14 0 0 36 0 38 0 34 0 19 0 0 28 0 16 0 14 0 10 0 0 38 0 36 0 10 40 0 1943 45 0 44 0 0 34 0 11 0 16 0 16 0 0 52 0 48 0 48 0 26 0 0 24 0 32 0 22 0 19 0 0 3 6 0 40 0 14 52 0 1944 40 0 38 0 0 25 0 19 0 14 0 25 0 0 36 0 33 0 38 0 32 0 0 41 0 19 0 15 0 23 0 0 4 1 0 48 0 14 48 0 1945 41 0 25 0 0 30 0 18 0 16 0 19 0 0 32 0 41 0 33 0 36 0 0 22 0 30 0 25 0 32 0 0 5 4 0 46 0 14 54 0 1946 45 0 28 0 0 18 0 16 0 14 0 16 0 0 34 0 40 0 32 0 25 0 0 24 0 16 0 11 0 22 0 0 5 4 0 45 0 12 54 0 1947 40 0 19 0 0 24 0 11 0 24 0 18 0 0 30 0 34 0 31 0 25 0 0 26 0 18 0 22 0 14 0 0 3 7 0 44 0 12 44 0 1948 33 0 16 0 0 24 0 10 0 11 0 18 0 0 32 0 38 0 40 0 18 0 0 18 0 15 0 18 0 19 0 0 3 8 0 37 0 11 40 0 1949 41 0 36 0 0 30 0 17 0 11 0 23 0 0 39 0 46 0 31 0 29 0 0 19 0 11 0 11 0 13 0 0 3 4 0 37 0 12 46 0 1950 33 0 18 0 0 15 0 11 0 16 0 11 0 0 25 0 44 0 32 0 30 0 0 26 0 11 0 11 0 9 0 0 28 0 34 0 10 44 0 1951 25 0 23 0 0 11 0 16 0 18 0 21 0 0 28 0 34 0 32 0 28 0 0 21 0 9 0 18 0 26 0 0 37 0 37 0 11 37 0 1952 28 0 22 0 0 25 0 11 0 11 0 18 0 0 40 0 41 0 36 0 23 0 0 18 0 16 0 16 0 28 0 0 3 6 0 34 0 11 41 0 1953 37 0 32 0 0 34 0 14 0 14 0 16 0 0 19 0 36 0 26 0 40 0 0 25 0 17 0 29 0 19 0 0 4 0 0 34 0 12 40 0 1954 26 0 16 0 0 10 0 8 0 9 0 17 0 0 23 0 32 0 34 0 23 0 0 18 0 11 0 16 0 15 0 0 36 0 28 0 9 36 0 1955 39 0 26 0 0 30 0 30 0 22 0 17 0 0 29 0 41 0 32 0 30 0 0 22 0 32 0 23 0 24 0 0 4 0 0 41 0 13 41 0 1956 36 0 26 0 0 16 0 14 0 14 0 22 0 0 21 0 38 0 32 0 30 0 0 23 0 18 0 14 0 16 0 0 4 5 0 40 0 11 45 0 1957 38 0 30 0 0 14 0 10 0 10 0 16 0 0 23 0 30 0 26 0 28 0 0 16 0 19 0 18 0 18 0 0 2 6 0 34 0 10 38 0 1958 22 0 21 0 0 13 0 11 0 15 0 18 0 0 30 0 40 0 30 0 25 0 0 23 0 16 0 15 0 18 0 0 2 2 0 23 0 10 40 0 1959 23 0 16 0 0 11 0 9 0 14 0 21 0 0 41 0 34 0 25 0 25 0 0 18 0 16 0 25 0 19 0 0 22 0 30 0 10 41 0 1960 26 0 18 0 0 10 0 10 0 11 0 14 0 0 23 0 34 0 41 0 23 0 0 21 0 22 0 22 0 17 0 0 2 3 0 23 0 9 41 0 1961 23 0 18 0 0 14 0 13 0 13 0 18 0 0 23 0 25 0 23 0 19 0 0 18 0 14 0 14 0 19 0 0 2 5 0 25 0 9 25 0 1962 21 0 16 0 0 11 0 7 0 15 0 15 0 0 32 0 39 0 34 0 22 0 0 30 0 16 0 17 0 17 0 0 23 0 23 0 9 39 0 1963 19 0 11 0 0 17 0 17 0 18 0 23 0 0 34 0 29 0 29 0 18 0 0 28 0 15 0 21 0 16 0 0 2 3 0 29 0 10 34 0 1964 23 18 16 19 7 16 14 9 11 11 14 15 15 21 32 39 32 37 38 23 22 21 21 21 2 3 11 18 19 18 18 14 14 19 28 28 25 20 39 19 1965 25 28 9 7 7 7 6 8 14 9 14 11 11 23 30 32 39 34 32 26 23 23 25 16 14 18 11 15 18 11 14 18 24 28 30 22 19 39 18 1966 23 18 10 11 9 7 6 8 8 8 9 16 15 21 24 34 29 34 23 29 23 21 18 21 18 14 16 10 15 14 17 23 24 23 23 23 18 34 18 1967 19 29 19 30 21 7 5 8 9 9 10 15 18 25 41 43 32 25 23 19 21 19 23 21 14 23 11 15 13 15 11 14 14 22 23 22 19 43 19 1968 17 18 14 8 7 10 5 5 8 7 9 14 16 21 19 30 30 22 18 15 16 18 18 23 23 15 16 17 11 14 23 21 23 23 19 22 17 30 17 1969 22 18 19 10 9 5 5 8 16 10 11 19 18 28 35 37 37 37 25 16 21 25 30 21 16 1 8 17 13 16 15 16 15 21 22 23 23 19 37 18 1970 23 17 16 25 7 10 11 7 13 14 7 13 18 19 24 33 34 32 25 18 18 17 21 23 18 14 13 13 11 13 18 18 25 25 25 22 18 34 18 1973 22 17 14 15 8 16 9 9 11 8 14 15 26 24 31 39 49 32 25 23 23 30 19 21 15 1 4 18 10 11 13 14 14 19 22 23 23 19 49 18 1974 24 23 21 14 10 7 9 9 9 9 10 16 23 21 28 34 37 37 29 28 21 24 23 21 17 18 14 11 13 13 14 14 23 23 30 32 20 37 21 1975 21 19 19 14 9 10 9 14 7 7 9 15 14 23 23 37 44 40 40 21 24 22 22 19 22 13 17 10 14 16 14 18 21 29 30 30 20 44 19 1976 23 14 14 9 14 6 6 9 8 6 9 10 13 18 25 34 25 23 19 23 21 18 28 18 16 15 14 11 11 11 18 14 18 21 25 23 16 34 15 1977 17 23 14 10 11 7 4 6 8 9 7 10 11 14 15 30 43 30 26 24 17 19 17 23 16 18 1 1 17 24 21 14 15 18 21 22 23 17 43 17 1978 16 16 16 14 8 10 11 11 6 9 13 14 17 23 34 39 38 37 23 18 18 23 17 18 14 14 16 14 9 14 14 15 18 26 29 23 18 39 16 1979 17 14 14 10 7 7 7 9 10 7 9 10 23 18 34 34 34 25 23 23 17 18 21 19 17 14 1 6 9 11 13 10 14 16 18 28 18 17 34 16 1980 23 22 15 9 14 11 7 9 9 16 9 23 21 21 32 34 34 34 23 21 28 18 22 21 15 17 22 15 9 11 15 17 23 26 34 23 20 34 21 1981 18 11 11 9 14 9 9 11 11 11 14 13 30 21 25 34 39 25 21 23 23 21 17 23 14 13 16 15 18 14 23 18 22 29 23 24 19 39 18 1982 18 13 9 11 7 7 8 9 7 16 21 15 16 23 34 34 28 25 26 21 18 25 21 18 15 17 1 4 25 11 13 13 17 16 21 19 21 18 34 17 1983 15 18 25 16 8 11 11 10 8 10 9 17 16 33 32 34 34 30 23 21 26 18 18 18 17 10 14 21 10 9 14 16 21 21 21 21 18 34 18 1984 18 14 13 9 6 11 7 11 8 11 16 17 14 20 34 32 28 26 21 17 16 18 16 14 14 1 1 14 14 20 26 11 18 16 30 29 25 17 34 16 1985 25 17 14 7 11 8 9 7 11 10 9 10 10 14 30 36 40 25 22 22 26 20 21 21 16 16 14 14 13 15 16 16 20 23 23 23 18 40 16 1986 18 14 10 6 9 9 7 9 11 13 14 21 17 18 30 44 33 30 30 21 21 23 18 18 14 15 15 11 11 14 13 13 16 18 17 20 17 44 16 1987 25 15 14 7 10 5 6 8 11 10 8 16 17 21 26 30 30 20 21 21 17 17 21 14 17 9 1 3 14 11 10 11 11 17 18 29 24 16 30 16 1988 23 16 18 21 16 23 18 6 9 8 11 11 14 21 23 32 25 29 22 18 18 17 21 18 14 17 16 18 11 16 14 13 15 23 29 28 18 32 18 1989 21 13 8 7 6 6 5 7 8 7 10 11 11 14 21 25 23 20 22 21 23 22 16 17 15 15 14 1 4 14 23 11 15 10 17 23 25 15 25 14 1990 18 15 11 15 18 18 10 9 7 10 14 13 14 15 29 34 30 18 23 18 17 18 18 17 1 6 16 15 17 15 15 14 17 17 20 20 18 17 34 17 1991 20 18 15 9 8 11 9 9 11 14 16 14 16 30 32 32 30 28 28 23 23 22 23 25 23 1 7 16 11 11 11 11 17 17 21 23 23 19 32 17 1992 16 15 14 17 13 17 8 10 14 10 16 15 18 23 32 31 33 30 22 28 19 22 25 17 15 14 16 24 16 13 11 14 19 22 21 21 19 33 17 1993 23 18 14 11 16 10 11 9 9 10 15 23 21 22 24 34 29 26 29 30 22 30 22 22 1 7 18 24 15 14 14 16 18 21 19 19 21 19 34 19 1994 19 15 15 11 11 9 11 9 9 10 10 13 34 33 28 31 29 24 19 22 19 18 29 18 18 13 17 19 18 14 18 18 18 23 21 22 19 34 18 1995 19 25 21 15 9 14 10 17 11 14 18 21 25 33 33 48 36 28 22 26 23 25 25 18 14 13 11 14 10 14 15 17 21 26 26 25 21 48 20 1996 19 19 22 16 11 10 10 14 8 10 15 16 21 26 31 32 32 26 25 23 25 22 28 16 17 14 17 13 14 13 14 22 21 34 21 18 19 34 19 1997 29 19 24 17 17 24 19 18 18 10 16 15 16 26 29 34 33 26 23 18 16 17 22 1 7 11 17 15 14 14 14 14 15 19 25 26 29 20 34 18 1998 25 15 17 15 21 11 14 13 13 18 17 18 24 36 45 32 34 24 22 18 18 21 21 1 9 22 17 18 15 10 10 10 14 18 26 26 29 20 45 18 1999 28 25 18 18 11 10 13 10 11 9 16 19 22 24 30 29 29 25 21 19 18 19 18 14 17 15 15 19 18 11 14 11 19 21 23 24 19 30 18 2000 30 21 17 10 8 10 10 10 11 14 9 11 17 21 17 26 33 31 29 24 25 23 25 26 2 2 19 14 17 9 19 16 15 19 31 33 29 20 33 19 2012 19 18 10 9 13 9 14 10 9 13 24 21 22 30 33 33 36 28 23 24 22 19 19 26 21 18 18 21 15 15 23 28 31 30 32 24 21 36 21 2013 28 14 14 26 16 15 14 15 11 10 11 13 16 16 25 30 25 21 21 26 30 28 23 2 0 21 18 16 18 15 18 21 30 30 32 32 28 21 32 20 2014 25 28 29 29 23 17 21 13 11 13 11 14 30 24 26 28 25 22 20 21 20 20 20 1 8 18 14 10 13 14 16 17 22 24 25 24 26 20 30 20 2015 18 16 20 16 11 21 14 14 8 18 14 15 20 28 31 31 29 21 23 24 22 24 21 26 18 17 22 20 20 16 23 26 26 23 24 22 21 31 21 2016 22 17 16 13 7 10 8 8 15 14 14 20 23 25 32 37 29 24 22 24 24 25 28 26 21 23 20 14 16 15 17 22 24 25 25 23 20 37 22 2017 14 15 10 9 11 9 11 10 11 10 13 15 15 33 38 41 33 31 26 25 22 23 20 21 1 7 16 15 26 15 24 20 28 31 34 31 23 21 41 20 2018 18 13 14 17 8 15 13 17 14 14 16 20 22 26 34 33 36 22 21 24 25 24 24 22 22 24 25 22 26 18 23 29 29 29 29 24 22 36 22 2019 29 29 22 22 24 17 14 13 21 16 20 18 24 37 40 44 31 23 26 23 24 31 25 2 6 20 20 14 16 16 16 21 26 28 31 34 32 24 44 24 2020 25 16 15 15 15 15 13 11 10 13 11 14 26 20 24 26 25 22 25 22 24 23 23 2 3 21 16 20 17 16 20 22 26 29 26 28 30 20 30 21 2021 24 23 22 11 16 10 9 9 16 11 14 17 18 21 41 48 44 31 26 20 21 22 21 22 1 8 20 15 17 16 16 17 25 31 32 30 26 22 48 20 2022 22 24 22 22 9 11 11 11 9 13 21 24 17 17 23 34 32 28 22 25 23 26 22 22 2 4 17 25 25 22 23 22 26 31 32 31 24 22 34 22 Detrend year:
Average adjustment for annual peak wind speed values based on linear trendline, to 2023 = 2.1 mph 2.2 mph Slope = 0.06 mph/year 0.068 mph/year
2-min Annual Peak Wind Speed by Direction
^^^ Wind speeds reported at
22.5-degree intervals prior to
1964.
vvv Wind speeds reported at
10-degree intervals after
1964.
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-McClellan (MCC).xlsm Year 360 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 18 0 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 35 0 Mean Max Median 1964 27 22 20 23 11 20 18 13 15 15 18 19 19 25 36 43 36 41 42 27 26 25 25 2 5 27 15 22 23 22 22 18 18 23 31 31 29 24 43 23 1965 29 31 13 11 11 11 10 12 18 13 18 15 15 27 34 36 43 38 36 30 27 27 29 2 0 18 22 15 19 22 15 18 22 28 31 34 26 23 43 22 1966 27 22 14 15 13 11 9 12 12 12 13 20 19 24 28 38 32 38 27 32 27 24 22 24 22 18 20 14 19 18 21 27 28 27 27 27 22 38 22 1967 23 32 23 34 24 11 8 12 13 13 14 19 22 29 45 46 36 29 27 23 24 23 27 24 17 27 15 19 16 19 15 17 17 25 27 25 23 46 23 1968 21 22 17 12 10 14 8 8 12 10 13 17 20 24 23 33 33 25 22 18 20 22 22 27 2 7 18 20 21 15 17 27 24 27 27 23 25 20 33 21 1969 25 22 23 14 13 8 8 11 20 14 15 23 22 31 39 40 40 40 29 20 24 29 33 24 2 0 22 21 16 20 18 20 18 24 25 26 26 23 40 22 1970 26 21 19 29 10 14 15 10 16 17 10 16 22 23 28 37 38 36 29 22 22 21 24 2 6 22 17 16 16 15 16 22 22 29 29 29 25 22 38 22 1973 25 20 17 18 11 19 12 12 15 11 17 18 30 27 34 42 53 35 28 26 26 33 23 2 4 18 17 22 13 15 16 17 17 23 25 26 26 23 53 21 1974 27 26 24 17 13 10 12 12 12 12 13 19 26 24 31 38 40 40 32 31 24 27 26 2 4 20 21 17 15 16 16 17 17 26 26 33 35 23 40 24 1975 24 23 23 17 12 13 12 17 10 10 12 18 17 26 26 40 47 43 43 24 27 25 25 2 3 25 16 20 13 17 19 17 21 24 32 33 33 23 47 23 1976 26 17 17 12 17 9 9 12 11 9 12 13 16 21 28 37 28 26 22 26 24 21 31 21 19 18 17 14 14 14 21 17 21 24 28 26 19 37 18 1977 20 26 17 13 14 10 7 9 11 12 10 13 14 17 18 33 45 33 29 27 20 22 20 26 1 9 21 14 20 27 24 17 18 21 24 25 26 20 45 20 1978 19 19 19 17 11 13 14 14 8 12 15 17 20 26 37 42 41 40 26 21 21 26 20 21 17 17 19 17 12 17 17 18 21 29 32 26 21 42 19 1979 20 16 16 13 10 10 10 12 13 10 12 13 26 21 37 37 37 28 26 26 20 21 23 2 2 20 16 19 12 14 15 13 16 19 21 30 21 19 37 19 1980 26 24 18 12 16 14 10 12 12 19 12 26 23 23 35 37 37 37 26 23 30 21 24 2 3 18 20 24 18 12 14 18 20 26 29 37 26 22 37 23 1981 21 14 14 12 16 12 12 14 14 14 16 15 32 23 28 37 42 28 23 25 25 23 20 2 5 16 15 19 17 21 16 25 21 24 31 26 27 21 42 21 1982 21 15 12 14 9 9 11 12 9 19 23 17 19 25 37 37 30 28 29 23 21 28 23 21 17 20 16 28 14 15 15 20 19 23 22 23 20 37 20 1983 17 21 28 19 11 14 14 13 11 13 12 20 19 36 35 37 37 32 25 23 29 21 21 2 1 20 13 16 23 13 12 16 19 23 23 23 23 21 37 20 1984 21 16 15 12 8 14 9 14 11 14 19 20 16 22 37 35 30 29 23 20 19 21 19 16 1 6 14 16 16 22 29 14 21 19 32 31 28 20 37 19 1985 28 20 16 9 14 10 12 9 14 13 12 13 13 16 32 38 43 28 24 24 29 22 23 23 1 9 19 16 16 15 17 19 19 22 25 25 25 20 43 19 1986 21 16 13 8 12 12 9 12 14 15 16 23 20 21 32 46 36 32 32 23 23 25 21 21 1 6 17 17 14 14 16 15 15 18 21 20 22 20 46 18 1987 28 17 16 9 13 7 8 10 14 13 10 18 20 23 29 32 32 22 23 23 20 20 23 16 20 11 15 16 14 13 14 14 20 21 31 26 18 32 18 1988 25 18 21 23 18 25 21 8 11 10 14 14 16 23 25 34 28 31 24 21 21 19 23 21 16 19 18 21 14 18 16 15 17 25 31 30 20 34 21 1989 23 15 10 9 8 8 7 9 10 9 12 14 14 16 23 27 25 22 24 23 25 24 18 19 17 17 1 6 16 16 25 14 17 12 19 25 27 17 27 17 1990 20 17 14 17 20 20 12 11 9 12 16 15 16 17 31 37 32 20 25 20 19 20 20 19 18 18 17 19 17 17 16 19 19 22 22 20 19 37 19 1991 22 20 17 11 10 13 11 11 13 16 18 16 18 32 34 34 32 30 30 25 25 24 25 2 7 25 19 18 13 13 13 13 19 19 23 25 25 21 34 19 1992 18 17 16 19 15 19 10 12 16 12 18 17 20 25 34 33 35 32 24 29 21 24 27 1 9 17 16 18 26 18 15 13 16 21 24 23 23 21 35 19 1993 25 20 16 13 18 12 13 11 11 12 17 25 22 24 26 36 31 28 31 32 24 32 24 2 4 19 20 26 17 16 16 18 20 22 21 21 22 21 36 21 1994 21 17 17 13 13 11 13 11 11 12 12 14 36 35 29 33 31 26 21 24 21 20 30 2 0 20 14 19 21 20 15 20 20 20 25 22 24 20 36 20 1995 21 27 22 17 11 15 12 19 13 16 20 22 27 35 35 50 37 29 23 28 25 27 27 2 0 15 14 13 15 12 15 17 19 22 28 28 27 22 50 22 1996 21 21 23 18 13 12 12 15 10 12 16 18 22 28 33 34 34 28 27 25 26 23 29 1 8 19 15 19 14 16 14 15 23 22 36 22 20 21 36 21 1997 31 21 26 19 19 26 21 20 20 12 18 17 18 28 31 36 35 28 25 20 18 19 24 1 9 13 19 17 16 16 16 16 17 21 27 28 31 22 36 20 1998 27 17 19 17 22 13 15 14 14 20 19 20 26 37 47 34 36 26 24 20 20 22 22 2 1 24 19 20 17 12 12 12 15 20 28 28 30 22 47 20 1999 29 27 20 20 13 12 14 12 13 11 18 21 23 26 32 30 30 27 22 21 20 21 20 1 5 19 17 17 21 20 13 15 13 21 22 25 26 20 32 20 2000 31 22 19 12 10 12 12 12 13 15 11 13 19 22 19 28 35 33 30 26 26 25 27 2 8 23 21 15 19 11 21 18 16 21 33 35 30 21 35 21 2012 20 19 11 10 13 10 15 11 10 13 25 22 23 31 34 34 36 28 24 25 23 20 20 2 7 22 19 19 22 16 16 24 28 32 31 33 25 22 36 22 2013 28 15 15 27 17 16 15 16 12 11 12 13 17 17 26 31 26 21 21 27 31 28 24 2 0 21 19 17 19 16 19 21 31 31 33 33 28 21 33 21 2014 26 28 29 29 24 18 21 13 12 13 12 14 31 25 27 28 26 22 20 21 20 20 20 1 9 19 14 11 13 14 17 18 22 25 26 25 27 21 31 21 2015 19 17 20 17 12 21 14 14 9 19 14 15 20 28 32 32 29 21 24 25 22 25 21 27 19 18 22 20 20 17 24 27 27 24 25 22 21 32 21 2016 22 18 17 13 7 11 8 8 15 14 14 20 23 26 33 37 29 25 22 25 25 26 28 27 21 23 20 14 17 15 18 22 25 26 26 23 21 37 22 2017 14 15 11 10 12 10 12 11 12 11 13 15 15 34 38 42 34 31 27 26 22 23 20 2 1 18 16 15 27 15 25 20 28 31 35 31 23 21 42 20 2018 19 13 14 18 8 15 13 18 14 14 16 20 22 27 35 34 36 22 21 24 26 24 24 22 22 24 26 22 27 19 23 29 29 29 29 24 22 36 22 2019 29 29 22 22 24 17 14 13 21 16 20 19 24 37 41 44 31 23 27 23 24 31 26 2 7 20 20 14 16 16 16 21 27 28 31 35 32 25 44 24 2020 25 16 15 15 15 15 13 12 10 13 12 14 27 20 24 27 25 22 25 22 24 23 23 2 3 21 16 20 17 16 20 22 27 29 27 28 30 20 30 22 2021 24 23 22 12 16 10 9 9 16 12 14 17 18 21 42 48 44 31 27 20 21 22 21 22 1 8 20 15 17 16 16 17 25 31 32 30 27 22 48 20 2022 22 24 22 22 9 11 11 11 9 13 21 24 17 17 23 35 32 28 22 25 23 26 22 22 2 4 17 25 25 22 23 22 26 31 32 31 24 22 35 23 2023
DETRENDED --- 2-min Annual Peak Wind Speed by Direction X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-McClellan (MCC).xlsm Calculate Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) Test for various levels of significance, to evaluate the likelihood of non-stationarity in wind speeds.
Sample data is based on the median value (of all wind directions) of annual maximums (for each wind direction).
Count Mean Std Dev
Total 46 19.1 1.8
Sample 1 23 18.2 1.2
Sample 2 23 20.0 1.9 Maximum Difference, D n,m = 0.57
Combine
37 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 1 Sample 2 Unique Sample 1 Sam ple 2 Significance Year U (mph) Value Cum Freq Value Cum Freq Half-Rank Stepw ise Cum Freq Value Cum Freq Value Values RankMin RankMax Ra nkMin RankMax Level K-S D test Result Explanation 1964 20.35612 1 16.01895 0.043 15.01233 0.043 1.5 1 0.043478 16.01895 0.043478 15.01233 15.01233 0.043478 0.043478 0.0 43478 0.086957 10% 0.25 Reject Ho 1965 19.03881 2 16.38556 0.087 17.03178 0.087 2.5 1.5 0.0869 57 16.01895 0.086957 15.01233 16.01895 0.043478 0.086957 0 .086957 0.086957 50% 0.30 Reject Ho 1966 18.00112 3 16.55954 0.130 18.579 0.130 3.5 2 0.086957 16 .38556 0.086957 17.03178 16.38556 0.086957 0.130435 0.086 957 0.086957 90% 0.40 Reject Ho 1967 19.18173 4 16.59682 0.174 18.579 0.174 4.5 2.5 0.130435 16.38556 0.130435 17.03178 16.55954 0.130435 0.173913 0.0 86957 0.086957 95% 0.44 Reject Ho 1968 16.59682 5 17.08771 0.217 18.62871 0.217 5.5 3 0.130435 16.55954 0.130435 18.579 16.59682 0.173913 0.217391 0.086 957 0.086957 99% 0.51 Reject Ho With 99% significance, t he samples come from different population distributions. 1969 19.42406 6 17.30519 0.261 18.63492 0.261 6.5 3.5 0.1739 13 16.55954 0.173913 18.579 17.03178 0.217391 0.217391 0.0 86957 0.130435 99.9% 0.60 Accept Ho Null hypothesis cann ot be rejected at the 99.9% significance level. (Population distributions assumed equal) 1970 18.46715 7 17.45432 0.304 19.29979 0.304 7.5 4 0.173913 16.59682 0.173913 18.579 17.08771 0.217391 0.26087 0.1304 35 0.130435 1973 19.33707 8 17.54752 0.348 19.32464 0.348 8.5 4.5 0.2173 91 16.59682 0.217391 18.579 17.30519 0.26087 0.304348 0.13 0435 0.130435 1974 19.57941 9 17.65937 0.391 19.6229 0.391 9.5 5 0.217391 1 7.08771 0.217391 18.62871 17.45432 0.304348 0.347826 0.13 0435 0.130435 1975 19.8031 10 18.00112 0.435 20.05786 0.435 10.5 5.5 0.260 87 17.08771 0.26087 18.62871 17.54752 0.347826 0.391304 0. 130435 0.130435 1976 16.38556 11 18.18132 0.478 20.25049 0.478 11.5 6 0.2608 7 17.30519 0.26087 18.63492 17.65937 0.391304 0.434783 0.1 30435 0.130435 1977 17.08771 12 18.19375 0.522 20.2567 0.522 12.5 6.5 0.304 348 17.30519 0.304348 18.63492 18.00112 0.434783 0.478261 0.130435 0.130435 1978 18.18132 13 18.29938 0.565 20.28777 0.565 13.5 7 0.3043 48 17.45432 0.304348 19.29979 18.18132 0.478261 0.521739 0 .130435 0.130435 1979 16.55954 14 18.46715 0.609 20.32505 0.609 14.5 7.5 0.34 7826 17.45432 0.347826 19.29979 18.19375 0.521739 0.56521 7 0.130435 0.130435 1980 19.51727 15 18.65978 0.652 20.64195 0.652 15.5 8 0.3478 26 17.54752 0.347826 19.32464 18.29938 0.565217 0.608696 0 .130435 0.130435 1981 18.65978 16 19.03881 0.696 20.65438 0.696 16.5 8.5 0.39 1304 17.54752 0.391304 19.32464 18.46715 0.608696 0.65217 4 0.130435 0.130435 1982 17.54752 17 19.18173 0.739 20.79729 0.739 17.5 9 0.3913 04 17.65937 0.391304 19.6229 18.579 0.652174 0.652174 0.13 0435 0.217391 1983 18.29938 18 19.33707 0.783 20.84079 0.783 18.5 9.5 0.43 4783 17.65937 0.434783 19.6229 18.579 0.652174 0.652174 0. 130435 0.217391 1984 17.45432 19 19.42406 0.826 21.18254 0.826 19.5 10 0.434 783 18.00112 0.434783 20.05786 18.62871 0.652174 0.652174 0.217391 0.26087 1985 17.65937 20 19.51727 0.870 21.77285 0.870 20.5 10.5 0.4 78261 18.00112 0.478261 20.05786 18.63492 0.652174 0.6521 74 0.26087 0.304348 1986 17.30519 21 19.57941 0.913 22.04625 0.913 21.5 11 0.478 261 18.18132 0.478261 20.25049 18.65978 0.652174 0.695652 0.304348 0.304348 1987 16.01895 22 19.8031 0.957 22.12081 0.957 22.5 11.5 0.52 1739 18.18132 0.521739 20.25049 19.03881 0.695652 0.73913 0.304348 0.304348 1988 18.19375 23 20.35612 1.000 24.2894 1.000 23.5 12 0.5217 39 18.19375 0.521739 20.2567 19.18173 0.73913 0.782609 0.3 04348 0.304348 1989 15.01233 12.5 0.565217 18.19375 0.565217 20.2567 19.2 9979 0.782609 0.782609 0.304348 0.347826 1990 17.03178 13 0.565217 18.29938 0.565217 20.28777 19.32 464 0.782609 0.782609 0.347826 0.391304 1991 18.63492 13.5 0.608696 18.29938 0.608696 20.28777 19. 33707 0.782609 0.826087 0.391304 0.391304 1992 18.62871 14 0.608696 18.46715 0.608696 20.32505 19.42 406 0.826087 0.869565 0.391304 0.391304 1993 19.32464 14.5 0.652174 18.46715 0.652174 20.32505 19. 51727 0.869565 0.913043 0.391304 0.391304 1994 18.579 15 0.652174 18.65978 0.652174 20.64195 19.5794 1 0.913043 0.956522 0.391304 0.391304 1995 20.65438 15.5 0.695652 18.65978 0.695652 20.64195 19. 6229 0.956522 0.956522 0.391304 0.434783 1996 19.29979 16 0.695652 19.03881 0.695652 20.65438 19.80 31 0.956522 1 0.434783 0.434783 1997 20.05786 16.5 0.73913 19.03881 0.73913 20.65438 20.05 786 1 1 0.434783 0.478261 1998 20.28777 17 0.73913 19.18173 0.73913 20.79729 20.2504 9 1 1 0.478261 0.521739 1999 18.579 17.5 0.782609 19.18173 0.782609 20.79729 20.25 67 1 1 0.521739 0.565217 2000 19.6229 18 0.782609 19.33707 0.782609 20.84079 20.287 77 1 1 0.565217 0.608696 2012 21.18254 18.5 0.826087 19.33707 0.826087 20.84079 20. 32505 1 1 0.608696 0.652174 2013 20.79729 19 0.826087 19.42406 0.826087 21.18254 20.35 612 1 1 0.652174 0.652174 2014 20.32505 19.5 0.869565 19.42406 0.869565 21.18254 20. 64195 1 1 0.652174 0.695652 2015 20.64195 20 0.869565 19.51727 0.869565 21.77285 20.65 438 1 1 0.695652 0.73913 2016 20.2567 20.5 0.913043 19.51727 0.913043 21.77285 20.7 9729 1 1 0.73913 0.782609 2017 20.84079 21 0.913043 19.57941 0.913043 22.04625 20.84 079 1 1 0.782609 0.826087 2018 22.04625 21.5 0.956522 19.57941 0.956522 22.04625 21. 18254 1 1 0.826087 0.869565 2019 24.2894 22 0.956522 19.8031 0.956522 22.12081 21.7728 5 1 1 0.869565 0.913043 2020 20.25049 22.5 1 19.8031 1 22.12081 22.04625 1 1 0.913043 0.956522 2021 21.77285 23 1 20.35612 1 24.2894 22.12081 1 1 0.956522 1 2022 22.12081 23.5 1 20.35612 1 24.2894 24.2894 1 1 1 1 USACE RMC-TR-2021-02 (PDF p17):
0 0.1
0.2 0.3
0.4 0.5
0.6 0.7
0.8 0.9
1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Step-Wise Cumulative Distribution Functions
Sample 1
Sample 2
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-McClellan (MCC).xlsm X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-McClellan (MCC).xlsm y = 0.0637x - 107.74
R² = 0.3878
y = 0.068x - 116.7
R² = 0.3469
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Peak Annual 2-minute Observed Wind Speed, Averages of All Wind Directions (mph) Year
Historical Trend of Average Annual Peak Wind SpeedsMean Median X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-McClellan (MCC).xlsm y = -0.0000x + 21.1564
R² = 0.0000
y = 0.0043x + 12.2
R² = 0.0021
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Peak Annual 2-minute Observed Wind Speed, Averages of All Wind Directions (mph) Year
Detrended (to 2023) Average Annual Peak Wind SpeedsMean Median
3.2 – Design Wind Speed Analysis for Mather Airport (MHR) GEV Frequency Plots of Observed 2-min Wind Speed (mph)
y = 3.42x + 20.478
R² = 0.8673
0 10
20 30
40 50
-2 0 2 4 6
360
y = 5.1676x + 17.058
R² = 0.9857
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4
10 y = 4.7534x + 13.115
R² = 0.98
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4
20 y = 4.9445x + 10.488
R² = 0.9833
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4 6
30 y = 3.3643x + 9.0441
R² = 0.979
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5 10
40 y = 3.094x + 8.9264
R² = 0.9796
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -5 0 5 10
50 y = 2.3365x + 7.5444
R² = 0.9757
0 5
10 15
20 25
-5 0 5 10
60 y = 2.3472x + 8.0217
R² = 0.9703
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5 10
70 y = 1.8377x + 8.2399
R² = 0.9219
0 10
20 30
40 -10 0 10 20
80 y = 2.3264x + 8.7206
R² = 0.9315
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5 10 15
90 y = 1.9488x + 10.167
R² = 0.9816
0 10
20 30
40 -10 0 10 20
100
y = 1.7926x + 11.935
R² = 0.959
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 -10 0 10 20 30
110
y = 3.7788x + 15.647
R² = 0.9808
0 10
20 30
40 50
-5 0 5 10
120
y = 6.9639x + 21.782
R² = 0.9837
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 -5 0 5
130
y = 6.605x + 27.323
R² = 0.9947
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 -2 0 2 4
140
y = 6.0715x + 30.184
R² = 0.9064
0 20
40 60
80 -2 0 2 4
150
y = 5.8599x + 30.829
R² = 0.9796
0 10
20 30
40 50
-4 -2 0 2
160
y = 6.4452x + 26.593
R² = 0.9596 0
10 20
30 40
50 -2 0 2 4
170
y = 4.4212x + 21.996
R² = 0.9804
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4
180
y = 3.6271x + 19.89
R² = 0.9848
0 10
20 30
40 50
-5 0 5 10
190
y = 2.4569x + 20.621
R² = 0.9835
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5 10
200
y = 3.3077x + 20.906
R² = 0.9838 0
10 20
30 40
50 -5 0 5 10
210
y = 3.31x + 21.733
R² = 0.971
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4
220
y = 3.0729x + 21.466
R² = 0.9732
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4
230
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Mather (MHR).xlsm GEV Frequency Plots of Observed 2-min Wind Speed (mph)
y = 2.9926x + 19.928
R² = 0.9448
0 10
20 30
40 50
-5 0 5 10
240
y = 3.7103x + 17.471
R² = 0.9792
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4 6
250
y = 3.3168x + 15.255
R² = 0.9765
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5 10
260
y = 3.9734x + 13.134
R² = 0.9697
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4 6
270
y = 2.9758x + 13.757
R² = 0.9784
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5 10
280
y = 3.4059x + 14.918
R² = 0.9825 0
5 10
15 20
25 30
-2 0 2 4 6
290
y = 4.5211x + 18.034
R² = 0.9794
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4 6
300
y = 4.7473x + 18.744
R² = 0.9719
0 10
20 30
40 50
-5 0 5
310
y = 4.8023x + 22.886
R² = 0.9788 0
10 20
30 40
50 -2 0 2 4
320
y = 4.6009x + 24.317
R² = 0.9881 0
10 20
30 40
50 -2 0 2 4
330
y = 3.0561x + 25.394
R² = 0.9508 0
10 20
30 40
50 -5 0 5 10
340
y = 3.5353x + 23.761
R² = 0.982
0 10
20 30
40 50
-5 0 5 10
350
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Mather (MHR).xlsm Year 360 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 18 0 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 35 0 Mean Max Median 1942 29 0 23 0 0 9 0 11 0 11 0 15 0 0 38 0 49 0 40 0 34 0 0 24 0 28 0 32 0 14 0 0 18 0 31 0 11 49 0 1943 29 0 45 0 0 10 0 9 0 11 0 13 0 0 19 0 52 0 56 0 34 0 0 28 0 19 0 17 0 13 0 0 15 0 25 0 11 56 0 1944 30 0 25 0 0 26 0 9 0 13 0 14 0 0 23 0 34 0 46 0 28 0 0 25 0 21 0 14 0 13 0 0 18 0 33 0 10 46 0 1945 34 0 22 0 0 19 0 10 0 19 0 19 0 0 45 0 49 0 41 0 26 0 0 28 0 24 0 19 0 25 0 0 3 0 0 34 0 12 49 0 1946 32 0 10 0 0 18 0 8 0 15 0 11 0 0 34 0 40 0 32 0 23 0 0 24 0 19 0 16 0 23 0 0 25 0 36 0 10 40 0 1947 28 0 23 0 0 13 0 11 0 19 0 25 0 0 34 0 32 0 30 0 28 0 0 28 0 24 0 18 0 18 0 0 2 9 0 34 0 11 34 0 1948 30 0 19 0 0 13 0 10 0 16 0 21 0 0 26 0 41 0 49 0 25 0 0 26 0 24 0 25 0 22 0 0 2 3 0 34 0 11 49 0 1949 30 0 25 0 0 18 0 11 0 11 0 14 0 0 31 0 40 0 40 0 30 0 0 26 0 18 0 16 0 22 0 0 2 6 0 28 0 11 40 0 1950 23 0 18 0 0 10 0 8 0 10 0 13 0 0 30 0 49 0 47 0 49 0 0 30 0 22 0 16 0 18 0 0 28 0 26 0 11 49 0 1951 26 0 24 0 0 22 0 22 0 11 0 17 0 0 34 0 41 0 36 0 48 0 0 41 0 26 0 26 0 26 0 0 2 4 0 22 0 12 48 0 1952 26 0 26 0 0 14 0 11 0 16 0 19 0 0 44 0 60 0 49 0 34 0 0 33 0 30 0 19 0 21 0 0 1 8 0 28 0 13 60 0 1953 30 0 36 0 0 33 0 19 0 16 0 17 0 0 40 0 41 0 44 0 34 0 0 28 0 26 0 26 0 26 0 0 2 2 0 28 0 13 44 0 1954 30 0 21 0 0 16 0 13 0 18 0 25 0 0 49 0 45 0 46 0 30 0 0 26 0 28 0 28 0 28 0 0 1 7 0 26 0 12 49 0 1955 30 0 34 0 0 25 0 21 0 16 0 22 0 0 46 0 41 0 34 0 30 0 0 32 0 23 0 21 0 25 0 0 2 3 0 25 0 13 46 0 1956 25 0 26 0 0 17 0 14 0 21 0 45 0 0 51 0 44 0 30 0 24 0 0 28 0 21 0 21 0 18 0 0 1 9 0 34 0 12 51 0 1957 26 0 18 0 0 10 0 10 0 37 0 21 0 0 43 0 39 0 30 0 31 0 0 31 0 21 0 17 0 16 0 0 3 0 0 30 0 11 43 0 1958 19 0 21 0 0 11 0 16 0 23 0 25 0 0 41 0 48 0 34 0 28 0 0 24 0 21 0 14 0 18 0 0 1 8 0 30 0 11 48 0 1959 33 0 18 0 0 16 0 9 0 13 0 11 0 0 40 0 49 0 24 0 23 0 0 21 0 18 0 16 0 16 0 0 34 0 30 0 10 49 0 1960 25 0 23 0 0 18 0 14 0 10 0 14 0 0 24 0 45 0 32 0 28 0 0 30 0 29 0 18 0 17 0 0 1 8 0 29 0 10 45 0 1961 23 0 22 0 0 25 0 21 0 9 0 21 0 0 21 0 25 0 19 0 24 0 0 23 0 25 0 22 0 16 0 0 28 0 28 0 10 28 0 1962 21 0 23 0 0 8 0 15 0 11 0 11 0 0 28 0 37 0 44 0 32 0 0 24 0 23 0 23 0 14 0 0 18 0 24 0 10 44 0 1963 18 0 8 0 0 14 0 7 0 11 0 18 0 0 33 0 33 0 23 0 21 0 0 19 0 29 0 17 0 14 0 0 21 0 25 0 9 33 0 1964 26 25 23 14 14 14 9 11 8 7 9 11 15 28 32 34 37 37 30 23 24 19 25 29 29 2 1 24 15 15 17 18 17 23 21 30 31 21 37 22 1965 24 23 6 9 8 8 5 10 7 7 9 13 18 31 32 33 34 30 32 39 23 23 21 23 17 18 16 1 3 14 16 17 16 21 30 30 31 20 39 18 1966 21 23 14 9 11 9 8 6 10 11 10 18 18 23 32 34 37 34 32 21 21 23 26 28 19 2 1 23 17 11 14 25 21 23 29 29 23 20 37 21 1967 25 18 19 15 14 6 5 5 8 8 15 11 11 28 24 39 34 28 22 23 17 22 23 24 23 21 16 17 16 15 16 18 16 21 29 23 19 39 18 1968 22 22 16 6 10 9 9 15 7 6 10 11 14 23 24 30 32 25 23 25 18 23 25 21 25 25 21 25 16 16 13 19 21 23 30 25 19 32 21 1969 29 22 23 6 18 16 5 9 9 13 16 16 19 29 34 37 38 26 21 32 21 34 25 28 23 1 9 17 13 15 15 15 17 19 26 29 25 21 38 20 1970 23 26 28 19 19 15 7 8 7 9 9 13 16 24 28 34 33 31 23 21 21 23 23 22 21 16 17 10 15 13 18 19 25 32 34 29 20 34 21 1973 17 17 15 9 7 15 6 7 10 10 10 11 16 17 25 30 37 23 18 19 19 23 21 22 19 1 5 11 9 11 14 14 16 21 26 23 22 17 37 17 1974 28 30 10 14 4 4 7 7 7 7 13 21 18 16 30 26 30 28 25 23 19 18 18 18 19 17 1 3 10 13 11 17 14 21 24 29 33 18 33 18 1975 25 23 14 25 14 18 7 6 11 11 8 11 16 19 28 43 37 34 25 17 21 26 23 23 18 19 11 13 11 18 16 21 24 32 32 28 20 43 19 1976 21 15 14 7 9 11 8 9 8 14 11 17 18 18 24 33 34 25 23 19 19 30 29 23 23 21 18 16 18 16 17 23 30 28 28 25 20 34 19 1977 21 18 11 7 8 7 7 9 7 9 9 11 16 21 31 30 34 29 23 19 18 18 18 18 18 21 16 2 1 23 21 21 23 26 28 25 28 19 34 19 1978 25 21 21 7 11 6 7 10 8 9 7 17 18 22 29 36 36 34 22 26 30 23 28 21 18 16 1 6 11 11 16 25 23 30 30 28 36 20 36 21 1979 18 16 11 10 14 11 11 11 8 8 7 11 11 32 40 39 32 39 19 25 25 26 23 23 22 21 15 13 11 16 21 19 19 32 28 21 20 40 19 1980 21 18 11 5 6 10 8 15 7 7 11 9 11 26 37 37 34 29 25 23 22 23 23 25 18 18 1 8 19 16 11 19 16 23 37 25 23 19 37 19 1981 21 14 15 11 11 4 6 11 8 7 14 15 14 16 23 30 30 34 37 30 23 28 23 25 17 2 1 23 16 14 17 17 18 17 19 23 32 19 37 17 1982 21 16 11 8 7 8 9 11 11 9 10 17 28 30 28 33 33 32 28 26 25 22 25 19 28 16 14 11 10 9 18 15 16 21 26 23 19 33 18 1983 26 29 18 19 19 15 9 9 8 8 10 11 30 34 34 32 39 32 28 37 24 25 23 23 28 2 3 15 9 13 14 18 15 21 18 21 29 21 39 21 1984 22 15 11 13 10 9 8 6 7 11 14 11 14 18 30 34 29 25 18 18 21 17 16 16 21 1 8 16 11 11 14 16 23 25 25 26 28 18 34 16 1985 23 18 16 9 7 9 9 8 9 6 11 14 18 14 21 34 25 22 20 16 21 21 20 21 17 14 15 11 11 14 14 14 23 23 25 28 17 34 16 1986 22 14 11 9 9 11 11 8 11 8 7 11 18 25 30 34 37 32 30 22 21 21 21 23 21 18 33 16 16 14 17 17 23 23 22 21 19 37 20 1987 28 21 14 14 9 13 9 7 11 11 11 14 14 23 25 32 34 34 21 18 18 21 18 21 20 21 16 11 14 13 15 23 28 23 30 29 19 34 18 1988 20 21 23 23 28 23 10 18 14 14 36 14 14 17 29 34 29 21 17 23 21 17 23 1 7 26 28 24 28 29 28 29 28 30 32 28 26 23 36 23 1989 17 9 11 10 6 8 6 7 14 10 11 11 14 16 21 23 25 23 22 15 23 21 23 24 17 15 11 10 11 10 10 20 23 18 23 18 16 25 15 1990 23 17 20 21 21 10 18 6 5 9 11 8 18 18 21 23 34 34 20 16 20 23 26 20 20 1 7 15 13 16 15 17 21 25 23 26 23 19 34 20 1991 23 23 18 21 10 9 6 10 8 11 14 11 14 17 22 30 36 33 31 25 30 29 32 23 30 23 16 23 16 22 17 14 18 24 29 23 21 36 22 1992 25 17 11 7 9 8 8 6 10 13 9 14 13 14 19 29 31 31 23 21 28 23 18 18 17 17 1 4 14 14 19 21 11 17 21 23 23 17 31 17 2002 23 19 7 17 8 17 11 10 13 11 10 19 22 30 29 44 41 34 33 24 22 18 18 24 4 6 14 15 16 15 18 30 24 28 24 23 23 22 46 21 2003 19 17 11 15 9 9 8 17 9 11 21 15 17 34 31 28 24 26 22 18 21 17 23 22 28 1 5 15 13 17 18 22 19 23 22 21 23 19 34 19 2004 23 23 16 15 11 9 7 8 11 9 11 15 21 38 49 31 34 34 34 23 23 19 19 18 16 1 7 11 13 18 16 18 28 29 24 30 23 21 49 19 2005 18 14 14 13 13 7 11 11 10 15 13 19 24 24 40 33 33 31 31 21 24 25 33 21 26 33 18 24 17 14 19 24 23 21 24 21 21 40 21 2006 25 24 17 15 8 14 10 8 14 17 11 9 21 21 38 28 31 34 25 24 21 24 25 23 23 26 21 14 13 18 30 15 23 28 30 23 21 38 22 2007 21 22 15 20 13 7 7 8 8 8 13 10 15 18 23 20 23 21 18 16 22 23 32 23 25 20 20 13 13 14 18 23 24 30 29 25 18 32 20 2008 16 20 9 9 20 11 8 18 8 11 15 11 24 40 36 36 26 24 23 18 26 21 21 21 18 1 7 23 22 15 26 24 28 29 25 30 23 21 40 21 2009 18 10 11 8 14 11 13 7 10 9 15 21 22 32 43 37 30 25 18 21 18 20 20 23 16 14 15 22 25 21 25 29 28 26 28 25 20 43 20 2010 23 14 13 9 7 8 18 30 29 32 26 26 24 30 41 34 30 33 25 21 23 24 28 23 23 21 20 16 22 17 17 23 25 25 24 22 23 41 23 2011 17 18 14 10 13 10 11 15 28 29 23 28 30 34 38 40 29 25 25 23 23 21 23 2 2 24 24 21 25 25 24 25 23 31 28 25 25 24 40 24 2012 9 15 8 9 6 11 8 8 10 10 17 18 22 28 37 32 26 26 17 20 22 18 23 20 20 14 1 3 11 17 18 28 29 31 22 25 20 19 37 18 2013 23 14 25 16 7 15 9 14 7 10 11 11 14 21 22 16 16 15 17 16 23 30 25 26 24 23 16 10 16 15 21 26 28 28 22 40 19 40 16 2014 27 21 17 29 36 24 11 9 10 13 11 10 13 20 29 26 38 47 23 29 17 36 27 27 21 27 16 22 11 14 17 16 36 38 45 38 24 47 23 2015 40 22 16 17 13 8 8 13 34 34 16 51 40 43 26 25 29 17 25 18 25 38 27 29 2 7 17 16 21 18 16 31 43 40 36 40 31 26 51 26 2016 23 14 21 8 6 7 6 8 10 9 11 13 20 54 45 40 38 23 31 27 34 20 23 34 23 25 2 2 17 18 25 36 38 38 36 31 23 24 54 23 2017 24 9 10 7 7 10 13 7 9 8 11 9 21 31 32 58 36 31 24 18 21 21 21 23 20 21 17 15 14 20 25 22 31 32 31 29 21 58 21 2018 22 11 11 14 16 10 10 15 13 11 10 17 21 37 29 33 24 20 22 17 21 24 25 2 4 21 23 18 14 16 16 29 26 28 25 24 23 20 37 21 2019 23 33 28 15 14 10 14 10 9 17 10 16 24 29 33 38 28 26 21 26 29 30 22 29 31 13 21 10 13 15 21 23 26 24 26 23 22 38 23 2020 21 25 26 23 13 10 8 8 10 9 9 10 13 20 18 25 25 18 18 22 22 18 22 23 28 1 4 11 13 18 17 20 21 23 25 25 30 18 30 19 2021 22 25 21 21 13 15 9 10 13 9 11 15 45 37 34 37 38 29 26 25 20 21 21 26 2 3 14 14 11 18 21 23 30 29 33 32 29 23 45 21 2022 21 20 16 14 15 11 16 9 10 11 11 14 15 17 33 34 32 32 25 21 21 24 25 25 21 23 26 20 22 24 22 29 31 29 28 25 22 34 21 Detrend year:
Average adjustment for annual peak wind speed values based on linear trendline, to 2023 = 1.4 mph 1.4 mph Slope = 0.05 mph/year 0.046 mph/year
vvv Wind speeds reported at
10-degree intervals after
1964.
2-min Annual Peak Wind Speed by Direction
^^^ Wind speeds reported at
22.5-degree intervals prior to
1964.
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Mather (MHR).xlsm Year 360 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 18 0 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 35 0 Mean Max Median 1964 29 28 26 17 17 17 12 14 11 10 12 14 18 30 35 37 40 40 33 26 27 22 28 3 2 32 24 27 18 18 20 21 20 26 24 33 34 24 40 25 1965 27 26 9 12 11 11 7 13 10 10 12 15 21 34 35 36 37 33 35 42 26 26 23 26 2 0 21 19 15 17 19 20 19 23 33 33 34 22 42 21 1966 23 26 17 12 14 12 11 8 13 14 13 21 21 26 35 37 40 37 35 23 23 26 29 30 22 23 26 20 14 17 28 23 26 32 32 26 23 40 23 1967 28 21 22 18 16 8 7 7 11 11 18 14 14 30 27 42 37 30 25 26 20 25 26 27 26 23 19 20 19 18 19 21 19 23 31 26 21 42 21 1968 24 24 19 8 13 12 12 18 9 8 13 14 16 26 27 33 35 28 26 28 21 26 28 23 28 28 23 28 19 19 15 22 23 26 33 28 22 35 23 1969 31 24 26 8 21 19 7 12 12 15 19 19 22 31 37 39 41 29 23 35 23 37 28 30 2 6 22 20 15 17 17 17 20 22 29 31 28 24 41 23 1970 26 29 30 22 22 17 9 11 9 12 12 15 19 27 30 37 36 34 26 23 23 26 26 24 2 3 19 20 13 17 15 21 22 28 35 37 31 23 37 23 1973 20 20 17 11 9 17 8 9 13 13 13 14 18 20 28 32 39 25 21 22 22 25 23 24 22 17 14 11 14 16 16 18 23 29 25 24 19 39 19 1974 30 32 13 16 7 7 9 9 9 9 15 23 21 18 32 29 32 30 28 25 22 21 21 21 22 19 1 5 13 15 14 19 16 23 26 31 36 20 36 21 1975 28 25 16 28 16 21 9 8 14 14 10 14 18 22 30 45 39 37 28 19 23 29 25 25 2 1 22 14 15 14 21 18 23 26 34 34 30 23 45 22 1976 23 17 16 9 11 14 10 11 10 16 14 19 21 21 26 36 37 27 25 22 22 32 31 25 25 23 21 18 21 18 19 25 32 30 30 27 22 37 21 1977 23 20 14 9 10 9 9 11 9 11 11 14 18 23 33 32 37 31 25 22 20 20 20 20 20 2 3 18 23 25 23 23 25 29 30 27 30 21 37 21 1978 27 23 23 9 13 8 9 12 10 11 9 19 20 24 31 38 38 37 24 28 32 25 30 23 20 1 8 18 13 13 18 27 25 32 32 30 38 22 38 23 1979 20 18 13 12 16 13 13 13 10 10 9 13 13 34 42 41 34 41 22 27 27 28 25 25 24 23 17 15 13 18 23 22 22 34 30 23 22 42 22 1980 23 20 13 7 8 12 10 17 9 9 13 11 13 28 39 39 36 31 27 25 24 25 25 27 20 2 0 20 21 18 13 21 18 25 39 27 25 21 39 21 1981 23 16 17 13 13 6 8 13 10 9 16 17 16 18 25 32 32 36 39 32 25 29 25 27 19 23 25 18 16 19 19 20 19 21 25 34 21 39 19 1982 22 18 13 10 9 10 11 13 13 11 12 19 29 32 29 35 35 34 29 28 27 24 27 21 29 18 16 13 12 11 20 17 18 22 28 25 21 35 20 1983 28 30 20 21 21 17 11 11 10 10 12 13 32 36 36 34 41 34 29 39 26 27 25 2 5 29 25 17 11 14 16 20 17 22 20 22 30 23 41 22 1984 24 17 13 15 12 11 10 8 9 13 16 13 16 20 32 36 31 27 20 20 23 19 18 18 2 3 20 18 13 13 16 18 25 27 27 28 30 19 36 18 1985 25 20 18 11 9 11 11 10 11 8 13 16 20 16 23 36 27 24 21 18 23 23 21 23 1 9 16 17 13 13 16 16 16 25 25 27 30 18 36 18 1986 24 16 13 11 11 13 13 10 13 10 9 13 20 27 32 36 39 34 32 24 23 23 23 25 23 20 35 18 18 16 19 19 25 25 24 23 21 39 21 1987 29 22 16 16 11 14 11 9 13 13 13 16 16 25 27 34 36 36 22 20 20 22 20 22 21 22 18 13 16 14 17 25 29 25 32 31 21 36 20 1988 21 22 25 25 29 25 12 20 15 15 37 15 15 19 30 36 30 22 19 25 22 19 25 1 9 28 29 26 29 30 29 30 29 32 34 29 28 25 37 25 1989 19 11 13 12 7 10 7 9 15 12 13 13 15 18 22 25 27 25 24 17 25 22 25 26 19 17 13 12 13 12 12 21 25 20 25 20 17 27 17 1990 25 19 21 22 22 12 20 7 6 11 13 10 20 20 22 25 36 36 21 18 21 25 28 21 2 1 19 17 14 18 17 19 22 27 25 28 25 20 36 21 1991 25 25 20 22 12 11 7 12 10 13 15 13 15 19 23 31 37 35 33 27 31 30 34 25 31 25 18 25 18 24 19 15 20 26 30 25 22 37 24 1992 27 19 13 8 11 9 9 7 12 14 11 15 14 15 21 30 32 32 24 22 29 24 20 20 19 1 9 15 15 15 21 22 13 19 22 24 24 19 32 19 2002 24 20 8 18 9 18 12 11 14 12 11 20 23 31 30 45 42 35 34 25 23 19 19 25 4 7 15 16 17 16 19 31 25 28 25 24 24 23 47 22 2003 20 18 12 16 10 10 9 18 10 12 22 16 18 35 32 28 25 27 23 19 22 18 24 23 28 16 16 14 18 19 23 20 24 23 22 24 20 35 20 2004 24 24 17 16 12 10 8 9 12 10 12 16 22 39 50 32 35 35 35 24 24 20 20 19 1 7 18 12 14 19 17 19 28 30 25 31 24 22 50 20 2005 19 15 15 14 14 8 12 12 11 16 14 20 25 25 41 34 34 32 32 22 25 26 34 22 27 34 19 25 18 15 20 25 24 22 25 22 22 41 22 2006 26 25 18 16 9 15 11 9 15 18 12 10 22 22 39 29 32 35 26 25 22 25 26 24 2 4 27 22 15 14 19 31 16 24 29 31 24 22 39 23 2007 22 23 16 20 13 8 8 9 9 9 13 11 16 19 24 20 24 22 19 17 23 24 33 24 26 20 20 13 13 15 19 24 25 31 30 26 19 33 20 2008 17 20 10 10 20 12 9 19 9 12 16 12 25 41 36 36 27 25 24 19 27 21 21 21 1 9 18 24 23 16 27 25 28 30 26 31 24 22 41 21 2009 19 11 12 9 15 12 13 8 11 10 16 21 23 33 43 38 31 26 19 21 19 20 20 24 1 7 15 16 23 26 21 26 30 28 27 28 26 21 43 21 2010 24 14 13 10 8 9 19 31 29 33 27 27 25 31 42 35 31 34 26 21 24 25 28 24 2 4 21 20 17 23 18 18 24 26 26 25 23 24 42 24 2011 18 19 14 11 13 11 12 16 28 29 24 28 31 35 39 41 29 26 26 24 24 21 24 2 2 25 25 21 26 26 25 26 24 32 28 26 26 24 41 25 2012 10 15 9 10 6 12 9 9 11 11 18 19 22 28 37 33 27 27 18 20 22 19 24 20 20 1 4 13 12 18 19 28 29 32 22 26 20 19 37 19 2013 24 14 26 17 7 15 10 14 7 11 12 12 14 21 22 17 17 15 18 17 24 30 26 27 2 5 24 17 11 17 15 21 27 28 28 22 41 19 41 17 2014 27 21 18 29 36 25 12 10 11 14 12 11 13 21 29 27 38 47 23 29 18 36 27 2 7 21 27 17 23 12 14 18 17 36 38 45 38 24 47 23 2015 41 22 16 18 13 8 8 13 34 34 16 52 41 43 27 26 29 18 25 19 26 38 27 29 2 7 18 16 21 19 16 32 43 41 36 41 32 27 52 26 2016 23 14 21 8 6 7 6 8 11 9 12 13 20 54 45 41 38 23 32 27 34 20 23 34 23 25 2 2 18 19 25 36 38 38 36 32 23 24 54 23 2017 24 9 11 7 7 11 13 7 9 8 12 9 21 32 32 58 36 31 24 19 21 21 21 23 20 21 18 15 14 20 26 22 31 32 31 29 21 58 21 2018 22 12 12 14 16 11 11 15 13 12 11 17 21 37 29 34 24 20 22 17 21 24 26 2 4 21 23 19 14 16 16 29 27 28 26 24 23 20 37 21 2019 23 34 28 15 14 10 14 10 9 17 10 16 24 29 34 38 28 27 21 27 29 30 22 29 31 13 21 10 13 15 21 23 27 24 27 23 22 38 23 2020 21 25 27 23 13 10 8 8 10 9 9 10 13 20 18 25 25 18 18 22 22 18 22 23 28 1 4 12 13 18 17 20 21 23 25 25 30 19 30 19 2021 22 25 21 21 13 15 9 10 13 9 12 15 45 37 35 37 38 29 26 25 20 21 21 26 2 3 14 14 12 18 21 23 30 29 33 32 29 23 45 21 2022 21 20 16 14 15 11 16 9 10 11 11 14 15 17 33 34 32 32 25 21 21 24 25 25 21 23 26 20 22 24 22 29 31 29 28 25 22 34 21 2023
DETRENDED --- 2-min Annual Peak Wind Speed by Direction X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Mather (MHR).xlsm Calculate Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) Test for various levels of significance, to evaluate the likelihood of non-stationarity in wind speeds.
Sample data is based on the median value (of all wind directions) of annual maximums (for each wind direction).
Count Mean Std Dev
Total 48 20.1 2.1
Sample 1 24 19.3 1.7
Sample 2 24 21.0 2.2 Maximum Difference, D n,m = 0.46
Combine
37 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 1 Sample 2 Unique Sample 1 Sam ple 2 Significance Year U (mph) Value Cum Freq Value Cum Freq Half-Rank Stepw ise Cum Freq Value Cum Freq Value Values RankMin RankMax Ra nkMin RankMax Level K-S D test Result Explanation 1964 21.32546 1 15.55913 0.042 17.09392 0.042 1.5 1 0.041667 15.55913 0.041667 17.09392 15.55913 0.041667 0.083333 0.0 41667 0.041667 10% 0.25 Reject Ho 1965 19.70368 2 16.73353 0.083 18.31802 0.083 2.5 1.5 0.0833 33 15.55913 0.083333 17.09392 16.73353 0.083333 0.125 0.04 1667 0.041667 50% 0.29 Reject Ho 1966 20.48661 3 16.84537 0.125 18.44851 0.125 3.5 2 0.083333 16.73353 0.083333 18.31802 16.84537 0.125 0.166667 0.0416 67 0.041667 90% 0.39 Reject Ho 1967 18.79648 4 17.54131 0.167 18.61628 0.167 4.5 2.5 0.125 1 6.73353 0.125 18.31802 17.09392 0.166667 0.166667 0.04166 7 0.083333 97% 0.45 Reject Ho With 97% significance, the samples come from different population distributions. 1968 19.11959 5 17.82093 0.208 18.74056 0.208 5.5 3 0.125 16. 84537 0.125 18.44851 17.54131 0.166667 0.208333 0.083333 0 .083333 99% 0.50 Accept Ho Null hypothesis cannot be re jected at the 99% significance level. (Population distributions assumed equal) 1969 21.1639 6 18.59143 0.250 18.74677 0.250 6.5 3.5 0.16666 7 16.84537 0.166667 18.44851 17.82093 0.208333 0.25 0.0833 33 0.083333 99.9% 0.59 Accept Ho Null hypothesis cannot be rejected at the 99.9% significance level. (Population distributions assumed equal) 1970 20.38719 7 18.77784 0.292 18.97668 0.292 7.5 4 0.166667 17.54131 0.166667 18.61628 18.31802 0.25 0.25 0.083333 0.1 25 1973 16.84537 8 18.79648 0.333 20.08272 0.333 8.5 4.5 0.2083 33 17.54131 0.208333 18.61628 18.44851 0.25 0.25 0.125 0.16 6667 1974 17.82093 9 18.96425 0.375 20.31262 0.375 9.5 5 0.208333 17.82093 0.208333 18.74056 18.59143 0.25 0.291667 0.16666 7 0.166667 1975 20.27534 10 19.03881 0.417 20.53632 0.417 10.5 5.5 0.25 17.82093 0.25 18.74056 18.61628 0.291667 0.291667 0.16666 7 0.208333 1976 19.5297 11 19.11338 0.458 20.67302 0.458 11.5 6 0.25 18. 59143 0.25 18.74677 18.74056 0.291667 0.291667 0.208333 0. 25 1977 18.59143 12 19.11959 0.500 20.82215 0.500 12.5 6.5 0.29 1667 18.59143 0.291667 18.74677 18.74677 0.291667 0.29166 7 0.25 0.291667 1978 20.31884 13 19.18173 0.542 20.92157 0.542 13.5 7 0.2916 67 18.77784 0.291667 18.97668 18.77784 0.291667 0.333333 0 .291667 0.291667 1979 19.76582 14 19.5297 0.583 20.97749 0.583 14.5 7.5 0.333 333 18.77784 0.333333 18.97668 18.79648 0.333333 0.375 0.2 91667 0.291667 1980 19.11338 15 19.70368 0.625 21.28818 0.625 15.5 8 0.3333 33 18.79648 0.333333 20.08272 18.96425 0.375 0.416667 0.29 1667 0.291667 1981 18.96425 16 19.76582 0.667 21.5243 0.667 16.5 8.5 0.375 18.79648 0.375 20.08272 18.97668 0.416667 0.416667 0.2916 67 0.333333 1982 18.77784 17 20.27534 0.708 21.72314 0.708 17.5 9 0.375 1 8.96425 0.375 20.31262 19.03881 0.416667 0.458333 0.33333 3 0.333333 1983 21.28818 18 20.31884 0.750 21.78527 0.750 18.5 9.5 0.41 6667 18.96425 0.416667 20.31262 19.11338 0.458333 0.5 0.33 3333 0.333333 1984 17.54131 19 20.38719 0.792 22.81675 0.792 19.5 10 0.416 667 19.03881 0.416667 20.53632 19.11959 0.5 0.541667 0.333 333 0.333333 1985 16.73353 20 20.48661 0.833 23.02802 0.833 20.5 10.5 0.4 58333 19.03881 0.458333 20.53632 19.18173 0.541667 0.5833 33 0.333333 0.333333 1986 19.18173 21 21.1639 0.875 23.6556 0.875 21.5 11 0.45833 3 19.11338 0.458333 20.67302 19.5297 0.583333 0.625 0.3333 33 0.333333 1987 19.03881 22 21.28818 0.917 23.6991 0.917 22.5 11.5 0.5 1 9.11338 0.5 20.67302 19.70368 0.625 0.666667 0.333333 0.33 3333 1988 23.37598 23 21.32546 0.958 23.75502 0.958 23.5 12 0.5 19 .11959 0.5 20.82215 19.76582 0.666667 0.708333 0.333333 0. 333333 1989 15.55913 24 23.37598 1.000 26.42692 1.000 24.5 12.5 0.5 41667 19.11959 0.541667 20.82215 20.08272 0.708333 0.7083 33 0.333333 0.375 1990 18.74677 13 0.541667 19.18173 0.541667 20.92157 20.27 534 0.708333 0.75 0.375 0.375 1991 20.67302 13.5 0.583333 19.18173 0.583333 20.92157 20. 31262 0.75 0.75 0.375 0.416667 1992 17.09392 14 0.583333 19.5297 0.583333 20.97749 20.318 84 0.75 0.791667 0.416667 0.416667 2002 21.78527 14.5 0.625 19.5297 0.625 20.97749 20.38719 0. 791667 0.833333 0.416667 0.416667 2003 18.97668 15 0.625 19.70368 0.625 21.28818 20.48661 0.8 33333 0.875 0.416667 0.416667 2004 20.82215 15.5 0.666667 19.70368 0.666667 21.28818 20. 53632 0.875 0.875 0.416667 0.458333 2005 21.28818 16 0.666667 19.76582 0.666667 21.5243 20.673 02 0.875 0.875 0.458333 0.5 2006 20.92157 16.5 0.708333 19.76582 0.708333 21.5243 20.8 2215 0.875 0.875 0.5 0.541667 2007 18.31802 17 0.708333 20.27534 0.708333 21.72314 20.92 157 0.875 0.875 0.541667 0.583333 2008 20.97749 17.5 0.75 20.27534 0.75 21.72314 20.97749 0.8 75 0.875 0.583333 0.625 2009 20.31262 18 0.75 20.31884 0.75 21.78527 21.1639 0.875 0 .916667 0.625 0.625 2010 23.02802 18.5 0.791667 20.31884 0.791667 21.78527 21. 28818 0.916667 0.958333 0.625 0.666667 2011 23.6556 19 0.791667 20.38719 0.791667 22.81675 21.288 18 0.916667 0.958333 0.625 0.666667 2012 18.61628 19.5 0.833333 20.38719 0.833333 22.81675 21. 32546 0.958333 1 0.666667 0.666667 2013 18.74056 20 0.833333 20.48661 0.833333 23.02802 21.52 43 1 1 0.666667 0.708333 2014 23.6991 20.5 0.875 20.48661 0.875 23.02802 21.72314 1 1 0.708333 0.75 2015 26.42692 21 0.875 21.1639 0.875 23.6556 21.78527 1 1 0.7 5 0.791667 2016 23.75502 21.5 0.916667 21.1639 0.916667 23.6556 22.81 675 1 1 0.791667 0.833333 2017 20.53632 22 0.916667 21.28818 0.916667 23.6991 23.028 02 1 1 0.833333 0.875 2018 20.08272 22.5 0.958333 21.28818 0.958333 23.6991 23.3 7598 1 1 0.875 0.875 2019 21.72314 23 0.958333 21.32546 0.958333 23.75502 23.65 56 1 1 0.875 0.916667 2020 18.44851 23.5 1 21.32546 1 23.75502 23.6991 1 1 0.916667 0.958333 2021 22.81675 24 1 23.37598 1 26.42692 23.75502 1 1 0.958333 1 2022 21.5243 24.5 1 23.37598 1 26.42692 26.42692 1 1 1 1 USACE RMC-TR-2021-02 (PDF p17):
0 0.1
0.2 0.3
0.4 0.5
0.6 0.7
0.8 0.9
1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Step-Wise Cumulative Distribution Functions
Sample 1
Sample 2
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Mather (MHR).xlsm X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Mather (MHR).xlsm y = 0.0464x - 72.39
R² = 0.1646
y = 0.046x - 71.674
R² = 0.1403
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Peak Annual 2-minute Observed Wind Speed, Averages of All Wind Directions (mph) Year
Historical Trend of Average Annual Peak Wind SpeedsMean Median X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Mather (MHR).xlsm y = 0.0000x + 21.5250
R² = 0.0000
y = -0.0005x + 22.2409
R² = 0.0000
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Peak Annual 2-minute Observed Wind Speed, Averages of All Wind Directions (mph) Year
Detrended (to 2023) Average Annual Peak Wind SpeedsMean Median
3.3 – Design Wind Speed Analysis for Sacramento Executive Airport (SAC) GEV Frequency Plots of Observed 2-min Wind Speed (mph)
y = 4.4079x + 18.937
R² = 0.9943 0
10 20
30 40
-2 0 2 4
360
y = 4.1659x + 13.764
R² = 0.9956
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 0 2 4
10 y = 3.9597x + 11.403
R² = 0.9892
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5
20 y = 3.3286x + 8.8235
R² = 0.9899
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -5 0 5 10
30 y = 2.7356x + 7.7945
R² = 0.9812
0 5
10 15
20 25
-5 0 5
40 y = 2.803x + 6.7987
R² = 0.9912
0 5
10 15
20 -2 0 2 4
50 y = 1.852x + 6.749
R² = 0.9631
0 5
10 15
20 -5 0 5 10
60 y = 2.5375x + 7.0208
R² = 0.9792
0 5
10 15
20 -2 0 2 4
70 y = 2.5363x + 8.0401
R² = 0.9881
0 5
10 15
20 -2 0 2 4
80 y = 2.6276x + 8.7911
R² = 0.9857
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -5 0 5 10
90 y = 3.2527x + 9.7873
R² = 0.986 0
5 10
15 20
25 -2 0 2 4
100
y = 3.4664x + 10.931
R² = 0.9864
0 5
10 15
20 25
-2 0 2 4
110
y = 4.4097x + 14.573
R² = 0.9843
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5
120
y = 4.8579x + 18.271
R² = 0.9216
0 10
20 30
40 50
-2 0 2 4 6
130
y = 5.0765x + 23.409
R² = 0.9774
0 10
20 30
40 50
-2 0 2 4
140
y = 5.3085x + 23.54
R² = 0.9926
0 10
20 30
40 50
-2 0 2 4
150
y = 4.5544x + 21.752
R² = 0.9886
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4
160
y = 3.7242x + 18.032
R² = 0.9831 0
10 20
30 40
-2 0 2 4
170
y = 2.8487x + 16.412
R² = 0.9825
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -5 0 5
180
y = 2.9058x + 17.233
R² = 0.9719
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 0 2 4
190
y = 2.8717x + 18.809
R² = 0.9904
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5
200
y = 2.5117x + 20.503
R² = 0.9936
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5
210
y = 1.6446x + 21.768
R² = 0.9776
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5 10
220
y = 1.753x + 20.817
R² = 0.9745
0 10
20 30
40 -5 0 5 10
230
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac Executive (SAC).xlsm GEV Frequency Plots of Observed 2-min Wind Speed (mph)
y = 2.5492x + 19.167
R² = 0.9795
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 0 2 4
240
y = 3.0936x + 15.833
R² = 0.9885 0
5 10
15 20
25 -2 0 2 4
250
y = 3.6177x + 14.293
R² = 0.9556
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 0 2 4 6
260
y = 3.2529x + 13.075
R² = 0.9931
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 0 2 4
270
y = 2.6755x + 12.669
R² = 0.994
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 0 2 4 6
280
y = 3.4172x + 14.531
R² = 0.9835 0
5 10
15 20
25 30
-2 0 2 4
290
y = 3.8557x + 16.116
R² = 0.9543
0 10
20 30
40 -2 0 2 4
300
y = 4.1088x + 20.493
R² = 0.9538
0 10
20 30
40 -4 -2 0 2 4
310
y = 3.9492x + 23.538
R² = 0.991 0
10 20
30 40
-2 0 2 4
320
y = 3.2274x + 25.682
R² = 0.9738 0
10 20
30 40
-2 0 2 4
330
y = 3.2568x + 25.419
R² = 0.9824 0
10 20
30 40
-2 0 2 4
340
y = 2.7162x + 22.517
R² = 0.9711 0
10 20
30 40
-5 0 5 10
350
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac Executive (SAC).xlsm Year 360 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 18 0 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 35 0 Mean Max Median 1948 33 0 31 0 0 15 0 15 0 20 0 15 0 0 32 0 47 0 35 0 25 0 0 28 0 24 0 20 0 17 0 0 2 5 0 28 0 11 47 0 1949 35 0 35 0 0 20 0 17 0 16 0 15 0 0 40 0 45 0 31 0 28 0 0 29 0 24 0 20 0 16 0 0 3 0 0 33 0 12 45 0 1950 28 0 20 0 0 13 0 12 0 18 0 18 0 0 49 0 55 0 40 0 32 0 0 40 0 25 0 25 0 22 0 0 2 8 0 29 0 13 55 0 1951 31 0 15 0 0 26 0 14 0 16 0 20 0 0 43 0 55 0 37 0 29 0 0 36 0 30 0 23 0 23 0 0 2 4 0 30 0 13 55 0 1952 30 0 29 0 0 13 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 0 58 0 55 0 36 0 35 0 0 36 0 30 0 25 0 24 0 0 2 4 0 32 0 14 58 0 1953 40 0 31 0 0 17 0 12 0 18 0 23 0 0 41 0 41 0 26 0 25 0 0 30 0 35 0 23 0 26 0 0 3 2 0 43 0 13 43 0 1954 23 0 14 0 0 10 0 17 0 20 0 35 0 0 47 0 38 0 35 0 30 0 0 32 0 20 0 20 0 26 0 0 3 8 0 33 0 12 47 0 1955 26 0 31 0 0 17 0 14 0 20 0 20 0 0 39 0 43 0 29 0 28 0 0 31 0 23 0 23 0 22 0 0 4 0 0 32 0 12 43 0 1956 28 0 23 0 0 12 0 16 0 16 0 17 0 0 35 0 46 0 25 0 29 0 0 30 0 28 0 23 0 21 0 0 2 8 0 29 0 11 46 0 1957 29 0 20 0 0 17 0 21 0 20 0 25 0 0 26 0 35 0 28 0 26 0 0 31 0 26 0 18 0 17 0 0 2 9 0 35 0 11 35 0 1958 25 0 17 0 0 13 0 21 0 18 0 22 0 0 32 0 40 0 32 0 26 0 0 29 0 22 0 16 0 17 0 0 2 3 0 28 0 11 40 0 1959 30 0 32 0 0 15 0 12 0 13 0 18 0 0 48 0 46 0 26 0 28 0 0 28 0 23 0 14 0 23 0 0 2 9 0 32 0 12 48 0 1960 26 0 15 0 0 10 0 12 0 15 0 26 0 0 44 0 25 0 23 0 25 0 0 38 0 23 0 16 0 22 0 0 3 0 0 30 0 11 44 0 1961 32 0 17 0 0 16 0 17 0 12 0 17 0 0 22 0 20 0 17 0 26 0 0 26 0 23 0 20 0 21 0 0 2 5 0 32 0 10 32 0 1962 23 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 0 12 0 16 0 0 26 0 29 0 24 0 28 0 0 32 0 25 0 16 0 17 0 0 25 0 2 8 0 9 32 0 1963 24 0 12 0 0 7 0 8 0 8 0 12 0 0 23 0 29 0 23 0 25 0 0 23 0 21 0 16 0 23 0 0 28 0 3 1 0 9 31 0 1964 23 17 18 12 7 7 8 7 10 10 12 12 23 17 23 23 29 23 21 24 28 28 29 24 28 1 8 17 21 13 20 18 22 24 26 26 29 19 29 21 1965 26 16 12 14 8 5 6 6 6 9 7 9 9 12 29 22 22 20 18 17 21 26 21 21 21 17 12 12 12 15 16 16 21 33 30 28 16 33 16 1966 22 9 10 17 9 5 9 6 10 7 9 9 16 17 31 24 33 17 17 17 25 25 30 20 20 14 17 1 4 16 9 10 14 21 31 28 28 17 33 17 1967 25 21 29 8 13 7 7 7 8 9 9 9 14 13 46 23 29 32 20 21 17 20 24 20 17 17 10 1 7 10 13 9 16 18 26 28 21 18 46 17 1968 21 16 17 7 7 7 3 7 7 12 9 12 13 8 22 23 29 18 16 22 21 21 28 21 20 17 12 1 3 14 21 15 12 24 23 25 25 16 29 17 1969 30 20 12 6 15 6 9 6 7 7 13 12 29 22 23 21 35 18 17 16 21 23 29 23 20 16 1 8 13 10 17 14 21 18 23 28 23 18 35 18 1970 29 14 17 9 7 5 9 8 7 7 12 8 17 21 23 21 18 17 17 30 24 25 23 23 17 13 8 9 1 4 13 16 21 28 29 26 22 17 30 17 1971 21 9 12 6 8 9 8 6 7 10 8 8 14 21 29 18 23 14 18 18 23 23 22 29 21 15 12 12 15 13 14 29 26 24 29 23 17 29 15 1972 18 13 7 7 7 6 8 7 9 10 10 12 17 16 23 20 18 17 17 20 25 23 23 25 23 13 14 15 12 17 14 28 23 29 30 23 17 30 17 1973 21 11 16 11 10 10 8 8 10 29 21 14 17 25 29 25 25 21 17 23 21 23 24 24 2 8 14 17 12 23 17 16 19 25 25 25 39 20 39 21 1974 25 18 9 7 9 7 8 8 7 14 17 12 20 28 23 39 26 34 22 22 21 21 26 23 16 18 11 10 14 15 21 23 32 31 32 28 19 39 20 1975 23 10 26 10 7 7 9 8 9 9 21 15 32 46 25 38 26 23 23 29 23 28 25 21 20 14 2 9 17 21 21 21 29 34 32 30 28 22 46 23 1976 18 14 14 9 11 11 10 13 9 16 17 17 18 17 18 17 23 24 18 23 23 23 28 28 2 1 21 17 17 16 13 28 28 29 28 23 23 19 29 18 1977 26 14 10 11 9 14 10 8 11 11 10 21 30 29 25 29 24 25 24 23 25 22 23 22 1 9 20 23 21 25 23 25 26 31 23 21 23 20 31 23 1978 19 16 9 9 13 12 9 11 8 14 11 19 25 34 32 40 35 25 29 21 21 21 34 25 18 1 5 14 13 15 23 21 25 29 39 28 22 21 40 21 1979 19 12 11 14 9 12 9 9 9 9 14 13 16 28 34 29 28 22 25 23 21 25 24 21 21 23 20 14 16 16 17 19 28 28 26 21 19 34 20 1980 25 17 13 16 11 9 9 13 8 9 11 16 21 25 30 32 29 26 22 22 22 28 24 22 28 1 4 17 14 16 16 21 23 32 29 28 23 20 32 21 1981 18 13 13 14 15 12 10 12 12 12 14 17 16 20 28 29 23 23 17 21 21 23 23 2 8 21 15 16 15 14 18 16 21 23 30 31 23 19 31 18 1982 13 17 16 9 12 7 12 9 8 17 17 14 18 21 35 32 28 25 18 22 18 21 23 23 22 2 1 30 15 14 20 17 20 23 29 25 22 19 35 19 1983 17 12 18 16 8 16 9 15 13 12 14 17 21 23 32 28 29 28 24 21 26 28 26 22 2 3 17 18 18 20 21 20 23 23 25 21 21 20 32 21 1984 21 24 24 10 17 14 9 10 12 17 17 12 17 25 30 24 23 23 20 17 30 21 28 21 20 21 16 18 16 17 23 24 26 30 31 25 20 31 21 1985 21 15 17 12 8 7 9 12 10 9 12 13 15 17 29 29 28 25 23 22 21 25 28 20 20 1 6 17 14 14 17 23 25 28 28 29 23 19 29 18 1986 18 12 15 10 7 7 7 9 9 12 16 13 21 26 32 32 32 21 23 25 29 26 23 21 18 15 18 17 18 25 21 23 25 23 23 23 19 32 21 1987 23 18 15 17 12 7 9 13 14 16 12 12 25 23 29 32 23 23 21 20 21 26 21 25 2 3 16 23 13 20 16 17 23 28 29 29 28 20 32 21 1988 28 21 14 29 13 17 20 13 9 10 15 16 17 23 31 29 23 17 29 21 21 26 23 23 21 20 18 21 17 17 23 33 31 32 36 32 22 36 21 1989 15 15 10 10 10 12 8 13 14 12 12 14 17 25 24 21 21 21 21 23 25 32 25 23 21 16 20 17 15 21 23 23 23 25 25 23 19 32 21 1990 23 16 18 17 12 9 7 8 8 12 15 10 17 17 21 28 29 18 17 21 23 22 23 23 20 1 7 18 21 16 17 17 22 23 25 25 25 18 29 18 1991 21 21 13 12 10 12 14 9 9 17 12 21 23 22 25 29 29 25 21 18 23 24 24 25 2 3 20 18 16 15 17 21 23 23 28 31 25 20 31 21 1992 16 14 12 17 12 15 14 11 12 17 17 21 29 20 26 30 23 23 20 21 25 21 23 2 3 23 18 17 17 17 17 22 25 28 29 28 25 20 30 20 1993 31 15 18 10 14 9 15 8 8 9 15 16 25 21 29 26 21 23 21 20 21 23 23 23 23 2 3 17 16 15 15 21 20 23 28 24 21 19 31 21 1994 21 14 13 13 9 10 8 8 17 22 17 9 14 17 21 20 18 17 17 18 23 30 21 22 21 1 7 14 15 13 15 17 25 22 28 23 26 18 30 17 1995 12 16 23 8 12 17 8 7 12 14 13 23 23 25 38 35 29 21 21 17 21 23 23 21 20 15 15 12 10 14 20 23 23 28 25 23 19 38 20 1996 21 14 21 14 17 8 9 7 9 12 17 18 25 25 25 25 24 23 21 21 32 23 23 23 21 2 3 17 21 21 25 32 29 31 29 30 21 21 32 21 1997 22 23 18 14 15 7 13 11 16 17 17 20 29 25 25 24 23 18 23 22 24 29 23 20 17 17 16 17 18 23 28 29 32 32 25 29 21 32 22 1998 14 13 12 13 8 9 8 14 10 14 21 23 35 25 25 24 25 17 17 23 23 21 22 24 22 16 14 16 17 20 21 24 30 32 29 26 20 35 21 1999 23 25 18 9 6 6 12 8 10 13 10 14 15 18 24 25 18 22 18 16 25 21 22 26 17 1 7 17 19 21 15 17 23 25 26 25 26 18 26 18 2000 21 16 12 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 14 15 17 22 23 26 20 21 16 23 20 25 25 22 20 18 16 9 15 17 15 26 33 31 29 32 18 33 18 2001 23 24 14 21 17 9 8 6 9 14 12 13 21 25 29 29 26 25 17 17 23 20 23 24 18 1 6 16 13 14 17 22 22 26 31 31 25 19 31 20 2002 26 22 8 8 7 9 7 9 8 12 13 11 13 20 22 33 29 22 16 17 20 20 22 21 21 20 25 13 15 17 21 26 28 23 28 20 18 33 20 2003 17 12 13 10 9 7 10 9 10 9 10 14 12 31 32 25 22 18 16 18 17 20 23 22 22 2 0 18 13 13 12 20 24 22 24 23 25 17 32 18 2004 18 18 20 18 7 8 8 6 13 9 9 10 16 24 36 29 28 26 22 15 18 20 22 23 22 17 1 2 15 14 11 18 22 26 31 31 24 19 36 18 2005 22 20 18 14 8 9 8 8 9 9 10 20 17 20 23 26 26 20 16 17 18 22 22 24 22 20 2 6 14 10 17 17 20 21 23 24 21 18 26 20 2006 17 15 9 10 7 10 11 13 13 20 9 10 13 21 34 26 29 19 18 15 17 24 26 22 22 19 16 13 17 15 16 19 26 36 26 21 18 36 17 2007 21 17 11 9 8 8 10 8 10 9 11 11 10 17 17 21 15 17 17 20 21 20 22 25 22 18 16 23 14 13 20 21 24 26 26 24 17 26 17 2008 29 11 11 8 10 7 7 10 9 7 7 11 15 23 36 33 25 17 22 16 21 21 24 32 18 20 1 4 16 13 17 21 23 29 32 30 26 19 36 18 2009 15 16 9 8 10 7 8 8 13 8 9 16 17 28 24 30 22 20 13 15 17 20 20 23 23 14 14 13 16 20 22 24 29 28 31 25 18 31 17 2010 16 14 9 10 7 6 10 14 10 10 7 13 14 21 28 33 29 28 14 14 17 20 22 22 22 2 3 21 15 16 17 17 18 22 25 28 22 18 33 17 2011 21 18 16 10 10 8 7 7 16 10 13 11 13 20 28 29 24 18 18 17 22 18 24 21 21 22 18 18 11 16 20 20 26 28 31 26 18 31 18 2012 15 14 11 8 7 8 9 5 15 6 13 11 20 24 23 23 20 18 15 14 22 22 21 22 23 20 1 6 14 11 14 14 23 29 30 30 26 17 30 16 2013 24 20 10 10 18 10 6 5 7 7 7 8 10 14 13 17 16 11 13 15 17 23 23 22 22 20 1 8 16 11 16 16 20 29 30 26 24 16 30 16 2014 25 26 20 20 14 6 6 7 13 11 8 13 17 22 21 21 17 16 14 14 15 17 22 23 18 1 5 13 15 13 13 14 18 18 23 26 24 17 26 17 2015 22 17 11 13 15 10 5 7 7 9 8 8 16 14 17 22 18 20 13 16 16 22 23 20 25 20 1 6 18 14 15 16 23 25 23 24 24 16 25 16 2016 25 22 11 9 8 5 6 11 7 10 8 11 16 16 23 28 24 16 22 21 18 18 21 21 25 15 2 0 11 15 15 15 23 23 30 25 26 17 30 17 2017 18 15 10 8 7 7 5 11 9 8 10 9 14 24 26 28 23 18 16 22 16 17 21 23 23 21 18 24 17 22 15 23 25 30 32 25 18 32 18 2018 23 10 14 10 10 13 10 9 9 8 7 11 14 16 23 24 21 16 17 15 17 23 23 22 18 2 3 20 18 14 22 14 25 26 24 25 25 17 26 17 2019 24 20 9 25 18 11 11 13 14 15 9 13 15 24 31 30 21 17 16 20 17 23 25 22 2 2 18 17 18 11 11 20 20 28 28 36 29 20 36 19 2020 20 17 14 16 9 14 6 9 14 9 8 9 13 15 21 16 16 13 15 17 17 20 23 24 25 18 1 5 14 11 14 20 20 23 24 28 29 17 29 16 2021 25 24 21 9 6 10 8 6 8 13 11 16 10 23 31 31 24 22 16 16 15 21 22 23 22 16 11 11 11 13 18 21 25 29 29 31 18 31 17 2022 22 20 25 20 8 9 9 7 14 10 14 16 13 20 23 22 18 15 15 18 20 21 24 21 20 2 0 20 14 15 21 21 25 24 28 31 28 19 31 20 Detrend year:
Average adjustment for annual peak wind speed values based on linear trendline, to 2023 = -0.6 mph -0.9 mp h Slope = -0.02 mph/year -0.029 mph/year
vvv Wind speeds reported at
10-degree intervals after
1964.
2-min Annual Peak Wind Speed by Direction
^^^ Wind speeds reported at
22.5-degree intervals prior to
1964.
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac Executive (SAC).xlsm Year 360 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 18 0 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 35 0 Mean Max Median 1964 21 15 17 10 5 5 6 5 9 9 10 10 21 15 21 21 27 21 19 22 26 26 27 22 26 17 1 5 19 11 18 17 20 22 25 25 27 18 27 19 1965 25 14 10 12 6 3 4 4 4 7 5 7 7 10 27 20 20 18 17 16 19 25 19 19 19 16 10 10 10 13 14 14 19 32 28 26 15 32 14 1966 20 7 9 16 7 3 7 4 9 5 7 7 14 16 29 22 32 16 16 16 24 24 28 18 18 12 16 12 1 4 7 9 12 19 29 26 26 16 32 16 1967 24 19 27 6 11 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 12 11 44 21 27 31 18 19 16 18 23 18 16 16 9 16 9 11 8 14 17 25 26 19 16 44 16 1968 19 14 16 5 5 5 2 5 5 10 8 10 11 6 20 21 27 17 14 20 19 19 26 19 18 16 10 1 1 12 19 13 10 23 21 24 24 15 27 15 1969 28 18 10 4 13 4 8 4 5 5 11 10 27 20 21 19 33 17 16 15 19 21 27 21 18 15 1 7 11 9 16 12 19 17 21 26 21 16 33 17 1970 27 12 16 8 5 3 8 6 5 5 10 6 16 19 21 19 17 16 16 28 23 24 21 21 16 11 6 8 1 2 11 15 19 26 27 25 20 15 28 16 1971 19 8 10 4 7 8 7 4 5 9 7 7 12 19 27 17 22 12 17 17 22 22 20 27 19 13 10 10 1 3 11 12 27 25 23 27 22 15 27 13 1972 17 11 5 5 5 4 7 5 8 9 9 10 16 15 22 18 17 16 16 18 24 22 22 24 22 11 12 13 10 16 12 26 22 27 28 22 15 28 16 1973 19 10 15 10 9 9 7 7 9 27 19 12 16 24 27 24 24 19 16 22 19 22 23 23 26 12 16 10 21 16 15 18 24 24 24 38 18 38 19 1974 24 17 8 5 8 5 7 7 5 12 16 10 18 26 21 38 25 33 20 20 19 19 25 22 15 17 10 9 12 13 19 21 31 29 31 26 18 38 19 1975 22 9 25 9 6 5 8 7 8 8 19 13 31 44 24 36 25 22 21 27 21 26 24 19 18 12 27 1 6 19 19 19 27 33 31 28 26 20 44 21 1976 17 12 12 8 10 10 9 11 8 15 16 16 17 16 17 16 22 23 17 21 22 22 26 26 19 19 16 16 15 11 26 26 27 26 22 21 18 27 17 1977 25 12 9 10 8 13 9 7 10 10 9 19 28 28 24 28 23 24 23 22 24 21 21 20 18 18 21 19 24 21 24 25 30 21 19 21 19 30 21 1978 18 15 8 8 11 10 8 10 7 12 10 18 24 33 31 39 33 24 27 19 19 19 33 24 17 1 4 12 11 13 21 19 24 28 38 26 20 20 39 19 1979 18 10 10 12 8 10 8 8 8 8 13 11 15 26 33 28 26 21 24 22 19 24 23 19 20 22 18 13 15 15 16 18 26 26 25 20 18 33 18 1980 24 16 11 15 10 8 8 11 7 8 10 15 19 24 28 31 27 25 20 20 21 26 23 20 26 1 2 16 13 15 15 20 22 31 28 26 22 19 31 20 1981 17 12 12 13 14 10 9 10 10 10 13 16 15 18 27 28 22 22 16 20 20 22 22 27 20 14 15 14 13 17 15 20 22 29 30 22 18 30 17 1982 12 16 15 8 10 6 10 8 7 16 16 13 17 20 33 31 27 24 17 21 17 20 22 22 21 2 0 29 14 13 18 16 18 22 28 24 21 18 33 18 1983 16 10 17 15 7 15 8 14 12 10 13 16 20 22 31 26 28 26 23 20 25 27 25 21 2 2 16 17 17 19 20 19 22 22 24 20 20 19 31 20 1984 20 23 23 9 16 13 8 9 10 16 16 10 16 24 29 23 22 22 19 16 29 20 27 20 19 20 15 17 15 16 22 23 25 29 30 24 19 30 20 1985 20 14 16 11 7 6 8 11 9 8 11 12 14 16 28 28 27 24 22 21 20 24 27 19 19 15 16 13 13 16 22 24 27 27 28 22 18 28 17 1986 17 11 14 9 6 6 6 8 8 11 15 12 20 25 31 31 31 20 22 24 28 25 22 20 17 14 1 7 16 17 24 20 22 24 22 22 22 18 31 20 1987 22 17 14 16 11 6 8 12 13 15 11 11 24 22 28 31 22 22 20 19 20 25 20 24 2 2 15 22 12 19 15 16 22 27 28 28 27 19 31 20 1988 27 20 13 28 12 16 19 12 8 9 14 15 16 22 30 28 22 16 28 20 20 25 22 22 2 0 19 17 20 16 16 22 32 30 31 35 31 21 35 20 1989 14 14 9 9 9 11 7 12 13 11 11 13 16 24 23 20 20 20 20 22 24 31 24 22 20 1 5 19 16 14 20 22 22 22 24 24 22 18 31 20 1990 22 15 17 16 11 8 6 7 7 11 14 9 16 16 20 27 28 17 16 20 22 21 22 22 19 16 17 20 15 16 16 21 22 24 24 24 17 28 17 1991 20 20 12 11 9 11 13 8 8 16 11 20 22 21 24 28 28 24 20 17 22 23 23 24 22 19 17 15 14 16 20 22 22 27 30 24 19 30 20 1992 15 13 11 16 11 14 13 10 11 16 16 20 28 19 25 29 22 22 19 20 24 20 22 2 2 22 17 16 16 16 16 21 24 27 28 27 24 19 29 19 1993 30 14 17 9 13 8 14 7 7 8 14 15 24 20 28 26 20 22 20 19 20 22 22 22 22 22 16 15 14 14 20 19 22 27 23 20 18 30 20 1994 20 13 12 12 8 9 7 7 16 21 16 8 13 16 20 19 17 16 16 17 22 29 20 21 20 16 13 14 12 14 16 24 21 27 22 26 17 29 16 1995 11 15 22 7 11 16 7 6 11 13 12 22 22 24 37 34 28 20 20 16 20 22 22 20 19 14 14 11 9 13 19 22 22 27 24 22 18 37 19 1996 20 13 20 13 16 7 8 6 8 11 16 18 24 24 24 24 23 22 20 20 31 22 22 22 20 2 2 16 20 20 24 31 28 30 28 29 20 20 31 20 1997 21 22 18 13 14 6 12 11 15 16 16 19 28 25 25 23 22 18 22 21 23 28 22 19 16 16 15 16 18 22 27 28 31 31 25 28 20 31 21 1998 13 12 11 12 7 8 7 13 10 13 20 22 34 25 25 23 25 16 16 22 22 20 21 23 21 15 13 15 16 19 20 23 29 31 28 26 19 34 20 1999 22 25 18 8 5 5 11 7 10 12 10 13 14 18 23 25 18 21 18 15 25 20 21 26 17 1 7 17 19 20 14 17 22 25 26 25 26 18 26 18 2000 20 15 11 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 13 14 17 21 22 26 19 20 15 22 19 25 25 21 19 18 15 8 14 17 14 26 33 30 28 32 18 33 17 2001 22 24 13 20 17 9 7 5 9 13 11 12 20 25 28 28 26 25 17 17 22 19 22 24 18 1 5 15 12 13 17 21 21 26 30 30 25 19 30 20 2002 26 21 7 7 6 9 6 9 7 11 12 11 12 19 21 33 28 21 15 17 19 19 21 20 20 19 25 12 14 17 20 26 27 22 27 19 17 33 19 2003 17 11 12 10 9 6 10 9 10 9 10 13 11 31 32 25 21 18 16 18 17 19 22 21 21 1 9 18 12 12 11 19 24 21 24 22 25 17 32 17 2004 18 18 19 18 6 7 7 5 12 9 9 10 16 24 35 28 27 26 21 14 18 19 21 22 21 17 1 1 14 13 11 18 21 26 31 31 24 18 35 18 2005 21 19 18 13 8 9 8 8 9 9 10 19 17 19 23 26 26 19 16 17 18 21 21 24 21 19 2 6 13 10 17 17 19 20 23 24 20 17 26 19 2006 17 14 9 10 6 10 11 12 12 19 9 10 12 20 34 26 28 19 18 14 17 23 26 21 21 19 15 12 17 14 15 19 26 35 26 20 18 35 17 2007 20 17 11 9 8 8 10 8 10 9 11 11 10 17 17 20 15 17 17 19 20 19 21 25 21 18 16 23 13 12 19 20 24 26 26 24 16 26 17 2008 28 11 11 8 10 6 6 10 9 6 6 11 15 23 35 33 25 17 21 16 20 20 24 32 18 19 1 3 16 12 17 20 23 28 32 30 26 18 35 17 2009 15 16 9 8 10 7 8 8 12 8 9 16 17 27 24 30 22 19 12 15 17 19 19 23 23 13 13 12 16 19 22 24 28 27 31 25 17 31 16 2010 16 13 9 10 7 5 10 13 10 10 7 12 13 20 27 33 28 27 13 13 17 19 22 22 22 2 3 20 15 16 17 17 18 22 25 27 22 17 33 17 2011 20 18 16 10 10 8 7 7 16 10 12 11 12 19 27 29 24 18 18 17 22 18 24 20 20 22 18 18 11 16 19 19 26 27 31 26 18 31 18 2012 15 14 11 8 7 8 9 4 15 5 12 11 19 24 23 23 19 18 15 14 22 22 20 22 23 19 1 6 14 11 14 14 23 29 30 30 26 17 30 15 2013 24 19 10 10 18 10 6 4 7 7 7 8 10 14 12 17 16 11 12 15 17 23 23 22 22 19 1 8 16 11 16 16 19 29 30 26 24 16 30 16 2014 25 26 19 19 14 6 6 7 12 11 8 12 17 22 21 21 17 16 14 14 15 17 22 23 18 1 5 12 15 12 12 14 18 18 23 26 24 16 26 16 2015 22 17 11 13 15 10 4 7 7 9 8 8 16 14 17 22 18 19 13 16 16 22 23 19 25 19 1 6 18 14 15 16 23 25 23 24 24 16 25 16 2016 25 22 11 9 8 4 6 11 7 10 8 11 16 16 23 28 24 16 22 21 18 18 21 21 25 15 1 9 11 15 15 15 23 23 30 25 26 17 30 17 2017 18 15 10 8 7 7 5 11 9 8 10 9 14 24 26 28 23 18 16 22 16 17 21 23 23 21 18 24 17 22 15 23 25 30 32 25 18 32 18 2018 23 10 14 10 10 13 10 9 9 8 7 11 14 16 23 24 21 16 17 15 17 23 23 22 18 2 3 20 18 14 22 14 25 26 24 25 25 17 26 17 2019 24 20 9 25 18 11 11 13 14 15 9 13 15 24 31 30 21 17 16 20 17 23 25 22 2 2 18 17 18 11 11 20 20 28 28 36 29 19 36 19 2020 20 17 14 16 9 14 6 9 14 9 8 9 13 15 21 16 16 13 15 17 17 20 23 24 25 18 1 5 14 11 14 20 20 23 24 28 29 16 29 16 2021 25 24 21 9 6 10 8 6 8 13 11 16 10 23 31 31 24 22 16 16 15 21 22 23 22 16 11 11 11 13 18 21 25 29 29 31 18 31 17 2022 22 20 25 20 8 9 9 7 14 10 14 16 13 20 23 22 18 15 15 18 20 21 24 21 20 2 0 20 14 15 21 21 25 24 28 31 28 19 31 20 2023
DETRENDED --- 2-min Annual Peak Wind Speed by Direction X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac Executive (SAC).xlsm Calculate Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) Test for various levels of significance, to evaluate the likelihood of non-stationarity in wind speeds.
Sample data is based on the median value (of all wind directions) of annual maximums (for each wind direction).
Count Mean Std Dev
Total 59 18.8 1.9
Sample 1 30 19.4 2.0
Sample 2 29 18.2 1.6 Maximum Difference, D n,m = 0.42
Combine
39 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 1 Sample 2 Unique Sample 1 Sam ple 2 Significance Year U (mph) Value Cum Freq Value Cum Freq Half-Rank Stepw ise Cum Freq Value Cum Freq Value Values RankMin RankMax Ra nkMin RankMax Level K-S D test Result Explanation 1964 20.80351 1 14.98747 0.033 15.54671 0.034 1.5 1 0.033333 14.98747 0.034483 15.54671 14.98747 0.033333 0.066667 0.0 34483 0.034483 10% 0.22 Reject Ho 1965 16.10594 2 16.10594 0.067 16.10594 0.069 2.5 1.5 0.0666 67 14.98747 0.068966 15.54671 15.54671 0.066667 0.066667 0 .034483 0.068966 50% 0.27 Reject Ho 1966 17.22441 3 16.66518 0.100 16.10594 0.103 3.5 2 0.066667 16.10594 0.068966 16.10594 16.10594 0.066667 0.1 0.068966 0.172414 75% 0.31 Reject Ho 1967 17.22441 4 17.22441 0.133 16.10594 0.138 4.5 2.5 0.1 16. 10594 0.103448 16.10594 16.66518 0.1 0.133333 0.172414 0.2 41379 90% 0.35 Reject Ho 1968 16.66518 5 17.22441 0.167 16.66518 0.172 5.5 3 0.1 16.66 518 0.103448 16.10594 17.22441 0.133333 0.266667 0.241379 0.482759 95% 0.39 Reject Ho With 95% significance, the samples come from different population distributions. 1969 18.34288 6 17.22441 0.200 16.66518 0.207 6.5 3.5 0.1333 33 16.66518 0.137931 16.10594 17.78364 0.266667 0.3 0.4827 59 0.586207 99.9% 0.53 Accept Ho Null hypothesis cannot be rejected at the 99.9% significance level. (Population distributions assumed equal) 1970 17.22441 7 17.22441 0.233 17.22441 0.241 7.5 4 0.133333 17.22441 0.137931 16.10594 18.34288 0.3 0.4 0.586207 0.724 138 1971 14.98747 8 17.78364 0.267 17.22441 0.276 8.5 4.5 0.1666 67 17.22441 0.172414 16.10594 18.45472 0.4 0.433333 0.7241 38 0.724138 1972 17.22441 9 18.34288 0.300 17.22441 0.310 9.5 5 0.166667 17.22441 0.172414 16.66518 19.01396 0.433333 0.466667 0.7 24138 0.758621 1973 20.57981 10 18.34288 0.333 17.22441 0.345 10.5 5.5 0.2 1 7.22441 0.206897 16.66518 19.57319 0.466667 0.5 0.758621 0 .758621 1974 20.13243 11 18.34288 0.367 17.22441 0.379 11.5 6 0.2 17. 22441 0.206897 16.66518 19.68504 0.5 0.5 0.758621 0.862069 1975 22.81675 12 18.45472 0.400 17.22441 0.414 12.5 6.5 0.23 3333 17.22441 0.241379 16.66518 20.13243 0.5 0.533333 0.86 2069 0.862069 1976 18.34288 13 19.01396 0.433 17.22441 0.448 13.5 7 0.2333 33 17.22441 0.241379 17.22441 20.24427 0.533333 0.566667 0 .862069 0.931034 1977 22.81675 14 19.57319 0.467 17.78364 0.483 14.5 7.5 0.26 6667 17.22441 0.275862 17.22441 20.57981 0.566667 0.6 0.93 1034 0.931034 1978 20.80351 15 20.13243 0.500 17.78364 0.517 15.5 8 0.2666 67 17.78364 0.275862 17.22441 20.80351 0.6 0.933333 0.9310 34 1 1979 19.57319 16 20.24427 0.533 17.78364 0.552 16.5 8.5 0.3 1 7.78364 0.310345 17.22441 21.25089 0.933333 0.966667 1 1 1980 21.25089 17 20.57981 0.567 18.34288 0.586 17.5 9 0.3 18. 34288 0.310345 17.22441 21.92198 0.966667 0.966667 1 1.034 483 1981 17.78364 18 20.80351 0.600 18.34288 0.621 18.5 9.5 0.33 3333 18.34288 0.344828 17.22441 22.81675 0.966667 1 1.0344 83 1.034483 1982 19.01396 19 20.80351 0.633 18.34288 0.655 19.5 10 0.333 333 18.34288 0.344828 17.22441 1983 20.80351 20 20.80351 0.667 18.34288 0.690 20.5 10.5 0.3 66667 18.34288 0.37931 17.22441 1984 20.80351 21 20.80351 0.700 19.01396 0.724 21.5 11 0.366 667 18.34288 0.37931 17.22441 1985 18.45472 22 20.80351 0.733 19.68504 0.759 22.5 11.5 0.4 18.34288 0.413793 17.22441 1986 20.80351 23 20.80351 0.767 19.68504 0.793 23.5 12 0.4 18 .45472 0.413793 17.22441 1987 20.80351 24 20.80351 0.800 19.68504 0.828 24.5 12.5 0.4 33333 18.45472 0.448276 17.22441 1988 20.80351 25 20.80351 0.833 20.24427 0.862 25.5 13 0.433 333 19.01396 0.448276 17.22441 1989 20.80351 26 20.80351 0.866667 20.24427 0.896552 26.5 1 3.5 0.466667 19.01396 0.482759 17.22441 1990 18.34288 27 20.80351 0.9 20.80351 0.931034 27.5 14 0.46 6667 19.57319 0.482759 17.78364 1991 20.80351 28 21.25089 0.933333 20.80351 0.965517 28.5 1 4.5 0.5 19.57319 0.517241 17.78364 1992 20.24427 29 22.81675 0.966667 21.92198 1 29.5 15 0.5 20. 13243 0.517241 17.78364 1993 20.80351 30 22.81675 1 1.034483 30.5 15.5 0.533333 20.1 3243 0.551724 17.78364 1994 17.22441 16 0.533333 20.24427 0.551724 17.78364
1995 20.24427 16.5 0.566667 20.24427 0.586207 17.78364
1996 20.80351 17 0.566667 20.57981 0.586207 18.34288
1997 21.92198 17.5 0.6 20.57981 0.62069 18.34288
1998 20.80351 18 0.6 20.80351 0.62069 18.34288
1999 18.34288 18.5 0.633333 20.80351 0.655172 18.34288
2000 17.78364 19 0.633333 20.80351 0.655172 18.34288
2001 20.24427 19.5 0.666667 20.80351 0.689655 18.34288
2002 19.68504 20 0.666667 20.80351 0.689655 18.34288
2003 17.78364 20.5 0.7 20.80351 0.724138 18.34288
2004 18.34288 21 0.7 20.80351 0.724138 19.01396
2005 19.68504 21.5 0.733333 20.80351 0.758621 19.01396
2006 17.22441 22 0.733333 20.80351 0.758621 19.68504
2007 17.22441 22.5 0.766667 20.80351 0.793103 19.68504
2008 17.78364 23 0.766667 20.80351 0.793103 19.68504
2009 16.66518 23.5 0.8 20.80351 0.827586 19.68504
2010 17.22441 24 0.8 20.80351 0.827586 19.68504
2011 18.34288 24.5 0.833333 20.80351 0.862069 19.68504
2012 15.54671 25 0.833333 20.80351 0.862069 20.24427
2013 16.10594 25.5 0.866667 20.80351 0.896552 20.24427
2014 16.66518 26 0.866667 20.80351 0.896552 20.24427
2015 16.10594 26.5 0.9 20.80351 0.931034 20.24427
2016 17.22441 27 0.9 20.80351 0.931034 20.80351
2017 18.34288 27.5 0.933333 20.80351 0.965517 20.80351
2018 17.22441 28 0.933333 21.25089 0.965517 20.80351
2019 19.01396 28.5 0.966667 21.25089 1 20.80351
2020 16.10594 29 0.966667 22.81675 1 21.92198
2021 17.22441 29.5 1 22.81675 1.034483 21.92198
2022 19.68504 30 1 22.81675 1.034483 #N/A
30.5 1 22.81675 1 #N/A
USACE RMC-TR-2021-02 (PDF p17):
0 0.1
0.2 0.3
0.4 0.5
0.6 0.7
0.8 0.9
1 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Step-Wise Cumulative Distribution Functions
Sample 1
Sample 2
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac Executive (SAC).xlsm X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac Executive (SAC).xlsm y = -0.0189x + 56.307
R² = 0.0494
y = -0.0293x + 77.24
R² = 0.0696
0 5
10 15
20 25
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Peak Annual 2-minute Observed Wind Speed, Averages of All Wind Directions (mph) Year
Historical Trend of Average Annual Peak Wind SpeedsMean Median X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac Executive (SAC).xlsm y = 0.0104x - 3.0164
R² = 0.0154
y = 0.0000x + 17.9162
R² = 0.0000
0 5
10 15
20 25
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Peak Annual 2-minute Observed Wind Speed, Averages of All Wind Directions (mph) Year
Detrended (to 2023) Average Annual Peak Wind SpeedsMean Median
3.4 – Design Wind Speed Analysis for Sacramento International Airport (SMF) GEV Frequency Plots of Observed 2-min Wind Speed (mph)
Dir = 360 deg Dir = 10 deg Dir = 20 deg Dir = 30 deg Dir = 40 deg Dir = 90 deg Dir = 100 deg Dir = 110 deg Dir = 120 deg Dir = 130 deg Dir = 180 deg Dir = 190 deg Dir = 200 deg Dir = 210 deg Dir = 220 deg Dir = 270 deg Dir = 280 deg Dir = 290 deg Dir = 300 deg Dir = 310 deg y = 4.1307x + 20.027
R² = 0.9899
0 10
20 30
40 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = 4.1056x + 15.17
R² = 0.9903
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 35
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y = 4.1265x + 13.647
R² = 0.9712
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 35
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y = 2.8938x + 11.792
R² = 0.9189
0 10
20 30
40 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y = 3.9313x + 24.082
R² = 0.9762
0 10
20 30
40 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = 2.9574x + 12.341
R² = 0.9732
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y = 3.1614x + 11.098
R² = 0.9834
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y = 3.0298x + 11.953
R² = 0.9759
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y = 3.832x + 14.171
R² = 0.9031
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 70
-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
y = 5.5781x + 18.932
R² = 0.9826
0 10
20 30
40 50
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = 6.3685x + 23.562
R² = 0.9875
0 10
20 30
40 50
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = 3.1457x + 24.383
R² = 0.9832
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
y = 3.2412x + 23.783
R² = 0.9939
0 10
20 30
40 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = 3.568x + 21.386
R² = 0.9763
0 10
20 30
40 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = 3.2941x + 18.631
R² = 0.9883
0 10
20 30
40 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y = 3.9395x + 16.397
R² = 0.959
0 10
20 30
40 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = 3.8296x + 15.105
R² = 0.9697
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = 2.9088x + 15.826
R² = 0.9703
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 35
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y = 4.5368x + 18.291
R² = 0.9664
0 10
20 30
40 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y = 4.0201x + 21.362
R² = 0.9826
0 10
20 30
40 50
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac International (SMF).xlsm GEV Frequency Plots of Observed 2-min Wind Speed (mph)
Dir = 50 deg Dir = 60 deg Dir = 70 deg Dir = 80 deg
Dir = 140 deg Dir = 150 deg Dir = 160 deg Dir = 170 deg Dir = 230 deg Dir = 240 deg Dir = 250 deg Dir = 260 deg Dir = 320 deg Dir = 330 deg Dir = 340 deg Dir = 350 deg y = 3.0376x + 10.418
R² = 0.9911
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y = 2.5411x + 10.583
R² = 0.9841
0 5
10 15
20 25
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y = 2.4747x + 10.432
R² = 0.9824
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y = 2.3988x + 10.026
R² = 0.9892
0 5
10 15
20 25
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y = 6.4566x + 29.689
R² = 0.97
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = 6.6568x + 33.143
R² = 0.9929
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y = 6.1829x + 29.97
R² = 0.9871
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = 3.7554x + 26.468
R² = 0.9767
0 10
20 30
40 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = 4.4302x + 18.39
R² = 0.9883
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 35
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
y = 4.3403x + 18.214
R² = 0.985
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y = 3.7699x + 15.631
R² = 0.9885
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 35
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y = 3.5137x + 16.372
R² = 0.9624
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 35
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = 3.4849x + 26.274
R² = 0.9802
0 10
20 30
40 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = 4.3647x + 28.614
R² = 0.9879
0 10
20 30
40 50
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
y = 3.6896x + 28.055
R² = 0.9624
0 10
20 30
40 50
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y = 4.2981x + 24.717
R² = 0.9764
0 10
20 30
40 50
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac International (SMF).xlsm Year 360 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 Mean Max Median 1973 28 14 11 14 9 10 9 16 14 18 17 17 25 32 40 44 40 29 29 29 23 23 18 23 23 29 17 14 21 16 23 28 34 25 28 29 23 44 23 1974 23 12 12 12 9 9 17 9 9 15 12 12 18 29 29 44 46 29 25 23 23 20 18 18 17 16 14 20 14 20 23 23 35 30 29 25 20 46 19 1975 26 16 25 10 12 17 10 23 12 12 14 12 31 29 28 40 44 35 35 25 23 22 18 18 18 21 17 19 16 17 23 29 35 35 37 29 23 44 22 1976 21 21 15 15 8 12 12 9 8 17 17 15 22 21 29 32 40 30 23 23 23 23 20 20 20 17 15 18 15 12 23 37 25 35 29 23 21 40 20 1977 21 12 10 12 26 9 14 9 12 12 9 23 30 29 29 37 32 29 21 23 21 18 12 17 17 17 17 21 14 29 23 25 23 26 24 25 20 37 21 1978 20 12 12 12 21 14 8 11 10 13 17 20 17 40 38 46 46 35 40 22 17 17 16 17 13 13 15 13 14 18 35 23 31 25 39 31 22 46 17 1979 16 17 11 11 9 8 11 9 10 8 13 16 24 29 34 30 39 30 41 21 21 17 17 16 19 11 11 18 13 11 23 21 23 23 23 19 19 41 17 1980 14 19 11 9 14 10 9 10 9 13 11 16 34 22 31 34 40 23 21 18 17 17 14 17 11 17 18 16 14 15 17 23 25 23 23 21 18 40 17 1981 17 15 13 11 18 11 16 16 9 13 11 15 25 40 34 40 32 29 23 23 23 17 16 11 17 17 18 19 14 15 22 23 25 34 29 23 20 40 18 1982 23 10 13 11 16 10 11 10 11 11 17 17 21 34 34 40 32 34 29 25 32 21 17 11 11 17 19 21 11 14 19 32 30 29 24 31 21 40 19 1983 25 15 14 21 9 15 10 9 9 11 13 13 22 34 40 34 34 29 46 25 23 21 17 11 23 14 11 17 13 21 23 23 25 23 34 21 21 46 21 1984 16 18 11 13 13 15 11 10 13 13 14 23 23 34 29 34 30 29 23 21 23 20 17 17 14 14 17 14 23 17 23 23 29 25 29 23 20 34 19 1985 25 13 21 11 11 11 11 11 14 13 13 17 23 32 34 34 32 34 24 25 25 21 21 14 23 15 11 16 21 21 25 25 29 29 29 23 21 34 21 1986 16 14 11 11 11 7 9 7 11 11 16 17 21 23 29 34 29 25 23 23 23 17 14 14 15 17 14 13 17 18 34 20 23 24 21 20 18 34 17 1987 21 21 21 14 9 8 8 9 9 11 17 23 25 29 30 28 29 25 25 23 22 17 16 13 15 15 18 13 23 25 20 28 23 29 29 29 20 30 21 1988 21 15 16 21 15 20 20 21 9 14 17 14 23 21 29 25 25 23 21 17 17 17 14 16 14 11 16 14 16 18 23 29 25 32 28 29 20 32 19 1989 14 11 10 17 8 7 7 9 17 17 11 15 21 23 21 21 23 23 23 18 34 32 17 14 11 14 11 11 14 17 17 20 23 26 23 21 17 34 17 1990 29 11 21 11 11 11 11 11 11 14 11 18 21 25 23 28 26 25 28 29 26 17 17 17 13 11 14 15 17 17 23 23 29 29 29 29 20 29 18 1991 29 18 18 11 11 11 16 16 11 17 17 21 29 30 34 34 37 36 37 23 34 21 21 18 21 24 11 17 11 17 23 23 30 29 29 29 23 37 21 1992 21 9 17 17 7 18 9 8 9 17 9 11 25 29 25 28 26 25 26 21 21 17 18 15 15 9 18 11 9 14 32 23 23 28 25 23 18 32 18 1993 23 11 11 9 9 13 17 8 8 10 11 15 25 24 30 25 30 23 32 26 26 19 14 19 24 11 9 11 23 17 17 23 23 23 23 21 19 32 19 1994 21 18 9 9 7 7 8 9 17 14 10 21 23 25 28 23 28 21 23 21 23 14 16 14 11 13 16 16 15 15 17 17 22 21 23 21 17 28 17 1995 17 16 9 7 11 16 8 11 16 28 34 23 40 40 52 29 24 23 25 22 17 17 17 11 21 9 18 9 21 14 18 21 23 21 24 16 20 52 18 1996 19 21 15 13 10 7 13 10 13 21 11 23 25 25 29 37 34 30 30 24 23 24 17 17 21 17 22 22 11 11 13 23 30 25 25 21 20 37 21 1997 23 23 25 23 11 17 11 9 11 17 14 17 23 30 34 32 29 32 28 25 23 18 17 16 21 16 14 13 14 17 28 22 25 31 31 34 22 34 22 1998 15 11 10 8 8 8 9 8 8 19 21 34 25 32 31 39 40 30 28 23 21 23 31 21 17 13 15 17 9 13 17 17 28 31 30 31 21 40 20 1999 24 19 19 10 16 18 10 11 9 13 17 13 15 21 25 32 30 30 23 24 29 29 21 28 21 21 23 17 23 15 15 21 25 29 30 33 21 33 21 2000 31 14 14 11 10 10 8 10 10 9 13 16 15 15 29 34 33 27 31 21 32 29 19 22 25 16 18 18 18 14 15 17 24 33 30 33 20 34 18 2001 22 18 15 15 13 10 15 14 8 9 8 11 22 24 38 39 41 28 25 29 31 24 17 25 24 22 23 19 13 13 13 18 26 31 34 31 21 41 22 2002 21 17 13 22 18 9 9 10 9 10 16 11 17 25 36 37 31 25 29 30 25 21 18 23 19 22 18 11 14 21 15 24 29 29 29 23 21 37 21 2003 24 10 10 11 10 8 10 15 9 14 17 15 15 23 38 44 26 23 23 26 26 25 26 21 26 15 16 19 14 11 16 25 26 25 25 28 20 44 20 2004 21 17 19 10 10 9 10 11 8 8 15 21 17 31 41 40 37 30 25 23 28 22 19 17 14 14 14 11 21 15 25 25 30 30 29 24 21 41 20 2005 18 20 25 14 10 11 11 11 14 15 10 17 20 24 33 31 26 28 23 32 25 26 23 22 21 25 16 24 16 23 18 25 25 28 28 22 21 33 22 2006 15 11 11 11 15 13 9 15 14 13 10 14 16 30 39 36 33 26 26 26 28 24 21 21 22 21 17 18 14 13 21 32 34 32 31 22 21 39 21 2007 17 17 10 14 22 10 11 8 8 11 9 15 13 17 22 26 23 25 25 23 21 22 22 21 18 15 20 24 23 15 17 23 30 30 30 26 19 30 20 2008 18 11 10 10 7 9 8 21 9 8 8 57 24 46 53 45 29 21 24 33 25 22 25 18 21 15 18 23 25 17 17 25 32 40 33 36 24 57 21 2009 30 13 10 9 10 8 14 13 10 7 11 16 29 22 34 37 36 28 22 26 28 22 22 25 17 14 11 15 14 20 26 29 28 30 29 23 21 37 22 2010 17 13 11 9 8 7 10 11 8 9 8 13 20 24 33 41 37 29 29 25 32 24 23 24 21 17 15 16 18 20 15 20 26 29 29 23 20 41 20 2011 22 16 15 11 9 10 10 9 7 13 14 13 17 23 43 33 30 28 23 28 28 29 22 23 17 22 21 22 13 18 17 18 28 33 34 24 21 43 21 2012 16 21 11 15 10 8 6 8 7 15 8 7 20 18 30 33 31 26 25 25 30 23 26 29 18 28 29 33 16 17 17 18 33 36 32 28 21 36 20 2013 26 25 14 10 21 24 15 8 10 8 11 11 11 18 17 24 22 23 24 29 36 23 16 18 20 14 22 17 13 20 18 23 25 33 34 26 20 36 20 2014 21 28 30 14 15 13 8 11 10 10 14 10 15 20 30 31 28 21 20 21 28 24 21 18 18 14 14 13 13 18 13 17 24 26 29 25 19 31 18 2015 21 24 16 14 14 26 9 10 8 14 7 18 17 18 26 32 25 23 22 23 24 24 30 17 21 21 20 18 11 11 14 16 21 29 24 23 19 32 20 2016 23 11 23 14 11 10 21 11 8 11 9 16 14 21 34 36 31 26 23 22 25 29 25 28 15 14 20 15 13 16 14 16 24 28 25 23 20 36 20 2017 17 14 13 13 10 8 13 7 11 9 16 14 15 22 37 43 33 29 25 25 26 24 21 21 23 21 18 23 20 17 15 22 26 34 33 25 21 43 21 2018 18 16 10 23 22 9 14 14 8 10 11 13 15 22 24 36 28 26 26 31 26 29 24 28 26 22 30 17 22 16 14 15 22 34 31 25 21 36 22 2019 34 28 17 17 14 16 13 15 17 14 14 13 16 20 38 38 29 26 24 29 28 26 33 28 28 15 18 23 16 15 16 21 30 36 34 37 23 38 22 2020 17 17 21 15 18 8 10 15 11 11 11 13 10 14 25 26 18 25 25 25 24 22 24 24 24 21 24 21 16 18 24 18 25 30 30 30 20 30 21 2021 24 30 28 16 10 14 9 6 8 17 9 17 16 20 26 40 38 30 22 21 23 25 17 23 15 14 18 18 13 13 20 21 31 33 30 31 21 40 20 2022 21 20 23 18 9 11 10 10 7 10 9 11 14 18 21 31 29 25 22 22 22 26 21 22 21 20 20 23 26 18 18 21 31 37 31 24 20 37 21 Average adjustment for annual peak wind speed values based on linear trendline, to 2023 = 0.1 0.9 mph Slope = 0.0029 0.0342 mph/year
2-min Annual Peak Wind Speed by Direction
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac International (SMF).xlsm Year 360 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 Mean Max Median 1973 29 15 13 15 11 12 11 18 15 20 19 19 27 34 42 45 42 30 30 30 25 25 20 25 25 30 19 15 22 18 25 29 36 27 29 30 24 45 25 1974 25 13 13 13 11 11 19 11 11 17 13 13 20 31 31 46 48 31 27 25 25 21 20 20 19 18 16 21 16 21 25 25 36 32 31 27 22 48 21 1975 28 18 27 12 13 19 12 25 13 13 16 13 33 30 29 42 45 36 36 27 25 24 20 20 20 22 19 21 18 19 25 30 36 36 39 30 25 45 24 1976 22 22 17 17 10 13 13 11 10 19 19 17 24 22 30 34 42 32 25 25 25 25 21 21 21 19 17 20 17 13 25 39 27 36 30 25 22 42 22 1977 22 13 12 13 28 11 15 11 13 13 11 25 32 30 30 38 34 30 22 25 22 20 13 19 19 19 19 22 15 30 25 27 25 28 26 27 22 38 22 1978 21 13 13 13 22 15 10 13 12 14 19 21 19 42 40 48 48 36 42 23 19 19 18 19 14 14 17 14 15 20 36 25 33 27 41 33 24 48 19 1979 18 19 13 13 11 10 13 11 12 10 14 18 26 30 36 31 41 31 43 22 22 19 19 18 21 13 13 20 14 13 24 22 24 24 24 21 20 43 19 1980 15 21 13 11 15 12 11 12 11 14 13 18 36 23 32 36 42 24 22 20 19 19 15 19 13 19 20 18 15 16 19 24 27 24 24 22 20 42 19 1981 19 16 14 13 20 13 18 18 11 14 13 16 27 42 36 42 34 30 24 24 24 19 18 13 19 19 20 21 15 16 23 24 27 36 30 24 22 42 19 1982 24 12 14 13 18 12 13 12 13 13 19 19 22 36 36 42 34 36 30 27 34 22 19 13 13 19 21 22 13 15 21 34 31 30 26 32 22 42 21 1983 27 16 15 22 11 16 12 11 11 13 14 14 23 36 42 36 36 30 47 27 24 22 19 13 24 15 13 19 14 22 24 24 27 24 36 22 22 47 22 1984 17 20 13 14 14 16 13 12 14 14 15 24 24 36 30 36 31 30 24 22 24 21 19 19 15 15 19 15 24 19 24 24 30 27 30 24 21 36 20 1985 27 14 22 13 13 13 13 13 15 14 14 19 24 34 36 36 34 36 25 27 27 22 22 15 24 16 13 17 22 22 27 27 30 30 30 24 22 36 22 1986 17 15 13 13 13 8 10 8 13 13 17 18 22 24 30 36 30 27 24 24 24 18 15 15 16 18 15 14 18 20 36 21 24 25 22 21 19 36 18 1987 22 22 22 15 10 9 9 10 10 13 18 24 27 30 31 29 30 27 27 24 23 18 17 14 16 16 20 14 24 27 21 29 24 30 30 30 21 31 22 1988 22 16 17 22 16 21 21 22 10 15 18 15 24 22 30 26 26 24 22 18 18 18 15 17 15 13 17 15 17 20 24 30 26 33 29 30 21 33 20 1989 15 13 11 18 9 8 8 10 18 18 13 16 22 24 22 22 24 24 24 20 36 33 18 15 13 15 13 13 15 18 18 21 24 28 24 22 19 36 18 1990 30 13 22 13 13 13 13 13 13 15 13 19 22 26 24 29 28 26 29 30 28 18 18 18 14 13 15 16 18 18 24 24 30 30 30 30 21 30 19 1991 30 19 19 13 13 13 17 17 13 18 18 22 30 31 36 36 38 37 38 24 36 22 22 19 22 25 13 18 13 18 24 24 31 30 30 30 24 38 22 1992 22 10 18 18 8 19 10 9 10 18 10 12 26 30 26 29 27 26 27 22 22 18 19 16 16 10 19 12 10 15 33 24 24 29 26 24 19 33 19 1993 24 12 12 10 10 14 18 9 9 11 12 16 26 25 31 26 31 24 33 27 27 20 15 20 25 12 10 12 24 18 18 24 24 24 24 22 20 33 20 1994 22 19 10 10 8 8 9 10 18 15 11 22 24 26 29 24 29 22 24 22 24 15 17 15 12 14 17 17 16 16 18 18 23 22 24 22 18 29 18 1995 18 17 10 8 12 17 9 12 17 28 35 24 41 41 53 30 25 24 26 23 18 18 18 12 22 10 19 10 22 15 19 22 24 22 25 17 21 53 19 1996 20 22 16 13 11 8 13 11 13 22 12 24 26 26 30 38 35 31 31 25 24 25 18 18 22 18 23 23 12 12 13 24 31 26 26 22 21 38 22 1997 24 24 26 24 12 18 12 10 12 18 15 18 24 31 35 33 30 33 28 26 24 19 18 17 22 17 15 14 15 18 28 23 26 32 32 35 22 35 23 1998 16 12 11 9 9 9 10 9 9 20 22 35 26 33 32 40 41 31 28 24 22 24 32 22 18 14 16 18 10 14 18 18 28 32 31 32 22 41 21 1999 25 20 20 11 17 19 11 12 10 14 18 14 16 22 26 33 31 31 24 25 30 30 22 28 22 22 24 18 24 16 16 22 26 30 31 34 22 34 22 2000 32 15 15 12 11 11 9 11 11 10 14 17 16 16 30 35 34 28 32 22 33 30 20 23 26 16 19 19 19 15 16 18 25 34 31 34 21 35 19 2001 23 19 16 16 14 11 16 15 9 10 9 12 23 25 39 40 42 28 26 30 32 25 18 26 25 23 24 20 14 14 14 19 27 32 35 32 22 42 23 2002 22 18 13 23 19 10 10 11 10 11 17 12 18 26 36 38 32 26 30 31 26 22 19 24 20 23 19 12 15 22 16 25 30 30 30 24 21 38 22 2003 25 11 11 12 11 9 11 16 10 15 18 16 16 24 39 44 27 24 24 27 27 26 27 21 27 16 17 20 15 12 17 26 27 26 26 28 21 44 21 2004 21 18 20 11 11 10 11 12 9 9 16 21 18 32 42 41 38 31 26 24 28 23 20 18 15 15 15 12 21 16 26 26 31 31 30 25 21 42 21 2005 19 20 26 14 11 12 12 12 14 16 11 18 20 25 34 32 27 28 24 33 26 27 24 23 21 26 17 25 17 24 19 26 26 28 28 23 22 34 23 2006 16 12 12 12 16 13 10 16 14 13 11 14 17 31 40 36 34 27 27 27 28 25 21 21 23 21 18 19 14 13 21 33 35 33 32 23 22 40 21 2007 18 18 11 14 22 11 12 9 9 12 10 16 13 18 22 27 24 26 26 24 21 22 22 21 19 16 20 25 24 16 18 24 31 31 31 27 20 31 21 2008 19 12 11 11 7 10 9 21 10 9 9 58 25 47 54 45 29 21 25 34 26 22 26 19 21 16 19 24 26 18 18 26 33 41 34 36 24 58 22 2009 30 13 11 10 11 9 14 13 11 7 12 17 29 22 35 37 36 28 22 27 28 22 22 26 18 14 12 15 14 20 27 29 28 30 29 24 21 37 22 2010 18 13 12 10 8 7 11 12 8 10 8 13 20 25 34 42 37 29 29 26 33 25 23 25 21 18 15 17 19 20 15 20 27 29 29 23 20 42 20 2011 22 17 15 12 10 11 11 10 7 13 14 13 18 23 43 34 30 28 23 28 28 29 22 23 18 22 21 22 13 19 18 19 28 34 35 25 21 43 22 2012 16 21 12 15 11 8 6 8 7 15 8 7 20 19 30 34 31 27 26 26 30 23 27 29 19 28 29 34 16 18 18 19 34 36 33 28 21 36 21 2013 27 26 14 11 21 25 15 8 11 8 12 12 12 19 18 25 22 23 25 29 36 23 16 19 20 14 22 18 13 20 19 23 26 34 35 27 20 36 20 2014 21 28 30 14 15 13 8 12 11 11 14 11 15 20 30 31 28 21 20 21 28 24 21 19 19 14 14 13 13 19 13 18 24 27 29 26 19 31 19 2015 21 24 16 14 14 27 9 11 8 14 7 19 17 19 27 32 26 23 22 23 24 24 30 17 21 21 20 19 12 12 14 16 21 29 24 23 20 32 21 2016 23 12 23 14 12 11 21 12 8 12 9 16 14 21 35 36 31 27 23 22 26 29 26 28 15 14 20 15 13 16 14 16 24 28 26 23 20 36 20 2017 17 14 13 13 10 8 13 7 12 9 16 14 15 22 37 43 34 29 25 25 27 24 21 21 23 21 19 23 20 17 15 22 27 35 34 25 21 43 21 2018 19 16 10 23 22 9 14 14 8 10 12 13 15 22 24 36 28 27 27 31 27 29 24 28 27 22 30 17 22 16 14 15 22 35 31 25 21 36 22 2019 35 28 17 17 14 16 13 15 17 14 14 13 16 20 38 38 29 27 24 29 28 27 33 28 28 15 18 23 16 15 16 21 30 36 35 37 23 38 22 2020 17 17 21 15 18 8 10 15 12 12 12 13 10 14 25 26 18 25 25 25 24 22 24 24 24 21 24 21 16 18 24 18 25 30 30 30 20 30 21 2021 24 30 28 16 10 14 9 6 8 17 9 17 16 20 26 40 38 30 22 21 23 25 17 23 15 14 18 18 13 13 20 21 31 33 30 31 21 40 20 2022 21 20 23 18 9 11 10 10 7 10 9 11 14 18 21 31 29 25 22 22 22 26 21 22 21 20 20 23 26 18 18 21 31 37 31 24 20 37 21 2023 = Detrend year
DETRENDED --- 2-min Annual Peak Wind Speed by Direction X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac International (SMF).xlsm Calculate Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) Test for various levels of significance, to evaluate the likelihood of non-stationarity in wind speeds.
Sample data is based on the median value (of all wind directions) of annual maximums (for each wind direction).
Count Mean Std Dev
Total 50 20.0 1.6
Sample 1 25 19.4 1.8
Sample 2 25 20.6 1.0 Maximum Difference, D n,m = 0.52
Combine
39 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 1 Sample 2 Unique Sample 1 Sam ple 2 Significance Year U (mph) Value Cum Freq Value Cum Freq Half-Rank Stepw ise Cum Freq Value Cum Freq Value Values RankMin RankMax Ra nkMin RankMax Level K-S D test Result Explanation 1973 22.81675 1 17.22441 0.040 18.34288 0.040 1.5 1 0.04 17.2 2441 0.04 18.34288 17.22441 0.04 0.28 0.04 0.04 10% 0.24 Reje ct Ho 1974 19.01396 2 17.22441 0.080 18.34288 0.080 2.5 1.5 0.08 17 .22441 0.08 18.34288 17.78364 0.28 0.36 0.04 0.04 50% 0.29 Re ject Ho 1975 22.48121 3 17.22441 0.120 19.68504 0.120 3.5 2 0.08 17.2 2441 0.08 18.34288 18.34288 0.36 0.44 0.04 0.12 90% 0.38 Reje ct Ho 1976 20.24427 4 17.22441 0.160 19.68504 0.160 4.5 2.5 0.12 17 .22441 0.12 18.34288 19.01396 0.44 0.56 0.12 0.12 95% 0.42 Re ject Ho 1977 20.80351 5 17.22441 0.200 19.68504 0.200 5.5 3 0.12 17.2 2441 0.12 19.68504 19.46135 0.56 0.64 0.12 0.12 99% 0.49 Reje ct Ho With 99% significance, the samples come from d ifferent population distributions. 1978 17.22441 6 17.22441 0.240 20.13243 0.240 6.5 3.5 0.16 17 .22441 0.16 19.68504 19.68504 0.64 0.64 0.12 0.24 99.9% 0.58 Accept Ho Null hypothesis cannot be rejected at the 99.9% significance level. (Population distributions assumed equal) 1979 17.22441 7 17.78364 0.280 20.13243 0.280 7.5 4 0.16 17.2 2441 0.16 19.68504 20.13243 0.64 0.64 0.24 0.36 1980 17.22441 8 17.78364 0.320 20.13243 0.320 8.5 4.5 0.2 17. 22441 0.2 19.68504 20.24427 0.64 0.68 0.36 0.52 1981 17.78364 9 18.34288 0.360 20.24427 0.360 9.5 5 0.2 17.22 441 0.2 19.68504 20.57981 0.68 0.72 0.52 0.52 1982 19.46135 10 18.34288 0.400 20.24427 0.400 10.5 5.5 0.24 17.22441 0.24 19.68504 20.69166 0.72 0.76 0.52 0.52 1983 20.57981 11 19.01396 0.440 20.24427 0.440 11.5 6 0.24 17 .22441 0.24 20.13243 20.80351 0.76 0.92 0.52 0.76 1984 19.01396 12 19.01396 0.480 20.24427 0.480 12.5 6.5 0.28 17.22441 0.28 20.13243 21.36274 0.92 0.92 0.76 0.84 1985 20.80351 13 19.01396 0.520 20.80351 0.520 13.5 7 0.28 17 .78364 0.28 20.13243 21.92198 0.92 0.92 0.84 1 1986 17.22441 14 19.46135 0.560 20.80351 0.560 14.5 7.5 0.32 17.78364 0.32 20.13243 22.48121 0.92 1 1 1 1987 20.80351 15 19.46135 0.600 20.80351 0.600 15.5 8 0.32 17 .78364 0.32 20.13243 22.81675 1 1 1 1 1988 19.01396 16 20.24427 0.640 20.80351 0.640 16.5 8.5 0.36 17.78364 0.36 20.13243 1989 17.22441 17 20.57981 0.680 20.80351 0.680 17.5 9 0.36 18 .34288 0.36 20.24427 1990 17.78364 18 20.69166 0.720 20.80351 0.720 18.5 9.5 0.4 1 8.34288 0.4 20.24427 1991 20.80351 19 20.80351 0.760 21.36274 0.760 19.5 10 0.4 18 .34288 0.4 20.24427 1992 18.34288 20 20.80351 0.800 21.36274 0.800 20.5 10.5 0.4 4 18.34288 0.44 20.24427 1993 19.46135 21 20.80351 0.840 21.92198 0.840 21.5 11 0.44 1 9.01396 0.44 20.24427 1994 17.22441 22 20.80351 0.880 21.92198 0.880 22.5 11.5 0.4 8 19.01396 0.48 20.24427 1995 18.34288 23 22.48121 0.920 21.92198 0.920 23.5 12 0.48 1 9.01396 0.48 20.24427 1996 20.69166 24 22.48121 0.960 21.92198 0.960 24.5 12.5 0.5 2 19.01396 0.52 20.24427 1997 22.48121 25 22.81675 1.000 22.48121 1.000 25.5 13 0.52 1 9.01396 0.52 20.80351 1998 20.13243 13.5 0.56 19.01396 0.56 20.80351
1999 20.80351 14 0.56 19.46135 0.56 20.80351
2000 18.34288 14.5 0.6 19.46135 0.6 20.80351
2001 21.92198 15 0.6 19.46135 0.6 20.80351
2002 20.80351 15.5 0.64 19.46135 0.64 20.80351
2003 20.13243 16 0.64 20.24427 0.64 20.80351
2004 20.13243 16.5 0.68 20.24427 0.68 20.80351
2005 22.48121 17 0.68 20.57981 0.68 20.80351
2006 20.80351 17.5 0.72 20.57981 0.72 20.80351
2007 20.24427 18 0.72 20.69166 0.72 20.80351
2008 21.36274 18.5 0.76 20.69166 0.76 20.80351
2009 21.92198 19 0.76 20.80351 0.76 21.36274
2010 19.68504 19.5 0.8 20.80351 0.8 21.36274
2011 21.36274 20 0.8 20.80351 0.8 21.36274
2012 20.24427 20.5 0.84 20.80351 0.84 21.36274
2013 19.68504 21 0.84 20.80351 0.84 21.92198
2014 18.34288 21.5 0.88 20.80351 0.88 21.92198
2015 20.24427 22 0.88 20.80351 0.88 21.92198
2016 20.24427 22.5 0.92 20.80351 0.92 21.92198
2017 20.80351 23 0.92 22.48121 0.92 21.92198
2018 21.92198 23.5 0.96 22.48121 0.96 21.92198
2019 21.92198 24 0.96 22.48121 0.96 21.92198
2020 20.80351 24.5 1 22.48121 1 21.92198
2021 19.68504 25 1 22.81675 1 22.48121
2022 20.80351 25.5 1 22.81675 1 22.48121
USACE RMC-TR-2021-02 (PDF p17):
0 0.1
0.2 0.3
0.4 0.5
0.6 0.7
0.8 0.9
1 0 5 10 15 20 25
Step-Wise Cumulative Distribution Functions
Sample 1
Sample 2
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac International (SMF).xlsm X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac International (SMF).xlsm y = 0.0029x + 14.571
R² = 0.0009
y = 0.0342x - 48.307
R² = 0.0987
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Peak Annual 2-minute Observed Wind Speed, Averages of All Wind Directions (mph) Year
Historical Trend of Average Annual Peak Wind SpeedsMean Median X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac International (SMF).xlsm y = -0.0313x + 83.728
R² = 0.098
y = 20.8498
R² = 0.0000
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Peak Annual 2-minute Observed Wind Speed, Averages of All Wind Directions (mph) Year
Detrended (to 2023) Average Annual Peak Wind SpeedsMean Median
EXHIBIT 4. Wind Speed and Direction, Four Airports
Comparison
Wind Rose - McClellan Airport (MCC)
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-McClellan (MCC).xlsm
53 mph @ 160°
37.7 mph @ 340°
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 360
10 20
30 40
50 60
70 80
90 100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
72.6-year Speed
by Wind
Wind speeds shown are
2-minute-average speeds
observed 20 feet above ground
at McClellan Airport (MCC) with a
50% chance of being exceeded in
a 50-year period (equivalent to a
72.6-year return period).
Wind speed data downloaded on
August 24, 2023 from:
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access
/search/data-search/local-
climatological-data
50% exceedance in
50 years (72.6-year
annual return period)
Maximum in record
Wind Rose - Mather Airport (MHR)
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Mather (MHR).xlsm
60.7 mph @ 110°
45.7 mph @ 240°
45.2 mph @ 340°
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 70
360
10 20
30 40
50 60
70 80
90 100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
72.6-year Speed
by Wind
Wind speeds shown are
2-minute-average speeds
observed 20 feet above ground
at Mather Airport (MHR) with a
50% chance of being exceeded in
a 50-year period (equivalent to a
72.6-year return period).
Wind speed data downloaded on
August 24, 2023 from:
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access
/search/data-search/local-
climatological-data
50% exceedance in
50 years (72.6-year
annual return period)
Maximum in record
Wind Rose - Sacramento Executive Airport (SAC)
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac Executive (SAC).xlsm
41.8 mph @ 140°
36.3 mph @ 350°
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 35
40 45
360
10 20
30 40
50 60
70 80
90 100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
72.6-year Speed
by Wind
Wind speeds shown are
2-minute-average speeds
observed 20 feet above ground
at Sacramento Executive Airport
(SAC) with a 50% chance of being
exceeded in a 50-year period
(equivalent to a 72.6-year return
period).
Wind speed data downloaded on
August 24, 2023 from:
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access
/search/data-search/local-
climatological-data
50% exceedance in
50 years (72.6-year
annual return period)
Maximum in record
Wind Rose - Sacramento International Airport (SMF)
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-Sac International (SMF).xlsm
34.4 mph @ 20°
53.4 mph @ 140°
53.3 mph @ 180°
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 360 10
20 30
40 50
60 70
80 90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160 170 180 190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340 350 72.6-year Speed
by Wind Direction
Wind speed data downloaded on
August 24, 2023 from:
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/acces
s/search/data-search/local-
climatological-data
Wind speeds shown are
2-minute-average speeds
observed 20 feet above ground
at Sacramento International
Airport (SMF) with a 50% chance
of being exceeded in a 50-year
period (equivalent to a 72.6-year
return period).
50% exceedance in
50 years
Maximum in record
Wind Rose - Comparison of 4 Sacramento Area Airports
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-4 Airports Comparison.xlsx 0 10
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Mather Airport (MHR)
McClellan Airport (MCC)
Sacramento Executive Airport (SAC)
Sacramento International Airport (SMF)
72.6-year Observed 2-minute
Speed (mph) by Wind Direction
STATION NAME(S) LATITUDE LONGITUDE Lat-Long COUNT
72483023232 SACRAMENTO AIRPORT ASOS, CA US 38.5069 -121.495 38.5069N,121.495W 564905 72483323206 SACRAMENTO MATHER AFB, CA US 38.56667 -121.3 38.56667N,121.3W 205108 72483399999 SACRAMENTO MATHER FL, CA US 38.555 -121.297 38.555N,121.297W 42160 72483523206 SACRAMENTO MATHER AFB, CA US 38.56667 -121.3 38.56667N,121.3W 441512 72483623208 SACRAMENTO MCCLELLAN AFB, CA US 38.66667 -121.4 38.66667N,121.4W 817907 72483699999 MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA US 38.667639 -121.400611 38.667639N,121.400611W 25005 72483993225 SACRAMENTO METROPOLITAN AIRPORT, CA US 38.69556 -121.58972 38.69556N,121.58972W 467154 72483999999 SACRAMENTO INTERNATIONAL, CA US 38.683 -121.583 38.683N,121.583W 36448 99999923232 SACRAMENTO EXECUTIVE AIRPORT, CA US 38.5069 -121.495 38.5069N,121.495W 176754 99999923271 SACRAMENTO 5 ESE, CA US 38.5552 -121.4183 38.5552N,121.4183W 16012 TOTAL 2792965
Start End Location Observations
1939-11-09 2023-08-23 McClellan Airfield 842,912
1941-09-01 2023-08-23 Mather Air Force Base 688,780
1947-07-01 2023-08-23 Sacramento Executive 741,659
1973-01-01 2023-08-23 Sacramento International 503,602
Eliminated, no valid wind speed observations >>> 1996-07-02 2023-08-22 Sac State 16,012 TOTAL 2,792,965
FILTERED 2,776,196
SACRAMENTO AIRPORT ASOS, CA US
SACRAMENTO
MATHER AFB, CA US
SACRAMENTO
MATHER FL, CA US
SACRAMENTO
MATHER AFB, CA US
SACRAMENTO MCCLELLAN …
MC CLELLAN AFLD, CA
US
SACRAMENTO METROPOLITAN
AIRPORT, CA US
SACRAMENTO
INTERNATIONAL, CA US
SACRAMENTO EXECUTIVE AIRPORT, CA US
SACRAMENTO 5 ESE,
CA US
38.3 38.4
38.5 38.6
38.7 38.8
38.9 -121.8 -121.7 -121.6 -121.5 -121.4 -121.3 -121.2 -121.1 Wind Rose - Comparison of 4 Sacramento Area Airports
72.6-year design wind speeds (mph)
Airport 360 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 17 0 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 34 0 350 Mather Airport (MHR) 38.5667 -121.3000 1968959.97 6761812.02 35.8 32.7 31.4 31.1 39.0 26.4 20.6 31.7 43.4 43.7 42.4 60.7 50. 8 54.1 50.3 50.7 40.0 42.1 39.1 41.7 35.3 41.7 34.5 33.0 45.7 33 .0 33.5 31.3 31.2 29.9 37.7 43.0 40.7 40.4 45.2 43.0 McClellan Airport (MCC) 38.6676 -121.4006 2005524.44 6732803.60 32.1 35.1 30.4 37.4 28.5 29.4 23.6 21.4 22.9 21.5 26.0 27.3 38. 2 40.4 45.8 51.9 53.0 46.3 48.3 33.9 31.6 34.9 34.7 28.8 28.4 26 .5 27.9 30.5 29.6 31.2 28.1 33.2 34.2 37.2 37.7 35.9 Sacramento Executive Airport (SAC) 38.5069 -121.4950 1946823.64 6706179.94 29.8 27.2 29.5 29.3 20.6 17.7 17.9 14.9 17.7 27.2 21.4 24.2 36. 2 37.9 41.8 39.1 33.6 32.3 28.5 27.6 31.3 31.5 32.6 30.8 27.0 23 .6 28.6 23.8 23.9 25.2 28.8 29.4 33.5 36.2 34.9 36.3 Sacramento International Airport (SMF) 38.6830 -121.5830 2010827.37 6680704.01 36.0 32.3 34.4 26.9 30.4 29.7 23.5 27.1 20.3 27.8 32.8 52.2 40. 7 48.8 53.4 48.2 50.5 38.6 53.3 34.6 38.3 33.2 35.6 30.9 28.7 31 .6 30.0 30.5 29.3 29.9 38.6 38.4 38.7 39.9 40.1 39.4 Site No.
Latitude
(deg)
Longitude
(deg)
Northing
(feet)
Easting
(feet) 360 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 2 38.66825622 -121.44487077 2005668.95 6720165.67 33 33 31 34 29 28 22 23 24 26 29 36 40 43 47 50 49 43 46 34 33 35 35 30 31 2 8 29 30 29 30 31 35 36 38 39 37 3 38.66654990 -121.45136076 2005036.30 6718316.48 33 33 31 33 29 28 22 23 24 27 29 37 40 44 47 49 48 42 46 34 33 35 35 30 31 2 8 29 30 29 30 32 35 36 38 39 38 4 38.65878014 -121.46692241 2002180.30 6713890.01 33 33 31 33 29 27 22 23 24 27 29 38 40 44 48 49 47 42 45 34 34 35 35 30 31 2 8 29 30 29 30 32 35 36 38 39 38 5 38.62775231 -121.44204357 1990923.43 6721063.42 33 33 31 33 29 27 22 23 25 28 29 37 41 44 47 49 47 42 44 34 34 35 34 30 31 2 8 29 29 29 30 32 35 36 38 39 38 6 38.62558336 -121.45366611 1990113.38 6717747.96 33 33 31 32 29 27 22 23 25 28 29 38 41 44 47 48 46 41 44 34 34 35 34 30 31 2 8 29 29 29 29 32 35 36 38 39 38 7 38.62489584 -121.45732142 1989856.75 6716705.22 33 32 31 32 29 27 22 23 25 28 30 38 41 44 47 48 46 41 44 34 34 35 34 30 31 2 8 30 29 29 29 32 35 36 38 39 38 8 38.62726227 -121.43330331 1990760.42 6723561.35 33 33 31 33 29 27 22 23 25 28 29 37 41 44 47 49 47 42 44 34 33 35 34 30 31 2 8 29 30 29 30 32 35 36 38 39 38 9 38.62671033 -121.44348813 1990541.44 6720653.08 33 33 31 33 29 27 22 23 25 28 29 38 41 44 47 49 47 41 44 34 34 35 34 30 31 2 8 29 29 29 30 32 35 36 38 39 38 10 38.62331302 -121.46012739 1989275.55 6715907.03 33 32 31 32 29 26 22 23 25 28 30 38 41 44 47 48 46 41 44 34 34 35 34 30 31 2 8 30 29 29 29 32 35 36 38 39 38 11 38.64006604 -121.47161913 1995357.27 6712588.51 33 33 31 32 29 27 22 23 25 28 30 38 40 44 48 48 47 41 44 34 34 35 35 30 31 2 8 29 29 29 30 32 35 36 38 39 38 12 38.61137595 -121.46657858 1984917.50 6714089.52 33 32 31 32 29 26 22 23 25 29 30 38 41 44 47 48 45 40 43 34 34 35 34 31 31 2 8 30 29 28 29 32 35 36 38 39 38 13 38.60615309 -121.46788616 1983013.28 6713727.04 33 32 31 32 29 26 22 23 25 29 29 38 41 44 47 48 45 40 43 34 34 35 34 31 31 2 8 30 29 28 29 32 35 36 38 39 38 14 38.60229115 -121.47262249 1981598.97 6712381.76 33 32 31 32 29 26 21 23 25 29 29 38 41 44 47 47 45 40 42 34 34 35 34 31 31 2 8 30 29 28 29 32 35 36 38 39 38 15 38.59614058 -121.45023578 1979397.01 6718792.80 33 32 31 32 29 26 21 23 25 29 30 38 41 44 47 47 44 40 42 34 34 35 34 31 32 2 8 30 29 28 29 32 35 36 38 39 38 16 38.58927119 -121.42915814 1976932.50 6724832.41 33 32 31 32 29 26 21 23 26 30 30 39 41 45 47 48 44 40 42 34 34 35 34 31 32 2 8 30 29 28 29 32 35 36 38 39 38 17 38.58083135 -121.41771178 1973879.70 6728123.74 33 32 31 32 30 25 21 23 27 30 30 40 42 45 47 48 44 40 41 34 34 36 34 31 33 2 8 30 29 28 29 33 36 37 38 39 39 18 38.57238832 -121.42040097 1970800.07 6727374.63 33 32 31 32 29 25 21 23 27 30 30 39 41 45 47 47 43 40 41 34 34 36 34 31 33 2 8 30 29 28 29 33 36 36 38 39 39 19 38.56793458 -121.38360468 1969247.37 6737905.33 33 32 31 32 31 26 21 25 29 32 32 43 43 46 48 48 43 40 41 36 34 36 34 31 35 2 9 30 29 29 29 33 37 37 39 40 39 20 38.58132339 -121.34442881 1974201.56 6749070.82 34 32 31 32 33 26 21 27 33 35 35 47 45 48 48 49 43 41 41 37 34 38 34 32 38 3 0 31 30 30 29 34 38 38 39 42 40 21 38.58830069 -121.33653162 1976758.87 6751309.71 34 32 31 32 33 26 21 27 33 35 35 48 45 49 48 49 43 41 41 37 34 38 34 32 38 3 0 31 30 30 30 35 39 38 39 42 40 Inverse Distance-Weighted Average of 72.6-year Design Wind Speeds (mph) by Wind Direction (degrees) Wind Direction (degrees) Latitude
(deg)
Longitude
(deg)
Northing
(feet)
Easting
(feet)
X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-4 Airports Comparison.xlsx Count Mean Std Dev
Sample 1 1692 33.3 6.5
Sample 2 144 34.3 8.6 Maximum Difference, D n,m = 0.08 Combine
Sites Airports Sites Airports Unique Sites Airports Signif icance Value Cum Freq Value Cum Freq Half-Rank Stepwise Cum Freq Value Cum Freq Value Values RankMin RankMax RankMin RankMa x Level K-S D test Result Explanation 1 18.53191 0.001 1 14.93418 0.007 1.5 1 0.000591 18.53191 0.0 06944 14.93418 14.93418 0.000591 0.000591 0.006944 0.0138 89 10% 0.07 Reject Ho With 10% significance, the sample s come from different population distributions. 2 18.54209 0.001 2 17.66469 0.014 2.5 1.5 0.001182 18.53191 0 .013889 14.93418 17.66469 0.000591 0.000591 0.013889 0.02 0833 30% 0.08 Accept Ho Null hypothesis cannot be rejec ted at the 30% significance level. (Population dist ributions assumed equal) 3 19.02618 0.002 3 17.6694 0.021 3.5 2 0.001182 18.54209 0.01 3889 17.66469 17.6694 0.000591 0.000591 0.020833 0.027778 50% 0.09 Accept Ho Null hypothesis cannot be rejected at the 50% significance level. (Population distribu tions assumed equal) 4 19.30862 0.002 4 17.86225 0.028 4.5 2.5 0.001773 18.54209 0 .020833 17.66469 17.86225 0.000591 0.000591 0.027778 0.03 4722 90% 0.12 Accept Ho Null hypothesis cannot be rejec ted at the 90% significance level. (Population dist ributions assumed equal) 5 19.31349 0.003 5 20.27879 0.035 5.5 3 0.001773 19.02618 0.0 20833 17.6694 18.53191 0.000591 0.001182 0.034722 0.03472 2 95% 0.13 Accept Ho Null hypothesis cannot be rejected at the 95% significance level. (Population distrib utions assumed equal) 6 19.37254 0.004 6 20.60272 0.042 6.5 3.5 0.002364 19.02618 0 .027778 17.6694 18.54209 0.001182 0.001773 0.034722 0.034 722 99.9% 0.18 Accept Ho Null hypothesis cannot be reje cted at the 99.9% significance level. (Population d istributions assumed equal) 7 19.3738 0.004 7 20.6423 0.049 7.5 4 0.002364 19.30862 0.027 778 17.86225 19.02618 0.001773 0.002364 0.034722 0.034722 8 19.43269 0.005 8 21.41781 0.056 8.5 4.5 0.002955 19.30862 0 .034722 17.86225 19.30862 0.002364 0.002955 0.034722 0.03 4722 9 19.59521 0.005 9 21.4489 0.063 9.5 5 0.002955 19.31349 0.03 4722 20.27879 19.31349 0.002955 0.003546 0.034722 0.03472 2 10 19.6669 0.006 10 21.53211 0.069 10.5 5.5 0.003546 19.3134 9 0.041667 20.27879 19.37254 0.003546 0.004137 0.034722 0. 034722 11 19.67063 0.007 11 22.85644 0.076 11.5 6 0.003546 19.37254 0.041667 20.60272 19.3738 0.004137 0.004728 0.034722 0.03 4722 12 19.67379 0.007 12 23.49787 0.083 12.5 6.5 0.004137 19.372 54 0.048611 20.60272 19.43269 0.004728 0.005319 0.034722 0 .034722 13 19.69367 0.008 13 23.55408 0.090 13.5 7 0.004137 19.3738 0 .048611 20.6423 19.59521 0.005319 0.00591 0.034722 0.0347 22 14 19.71212 0.008 14 23.56497 0.097 14.5 7.5 0.004728 19.373 8 0.055556 20.6423 19.6669 0.00591 0.006501 0.034722 0.034 722 15 19.75209 0.009 15 23.80924 0.104 15.5 8 0.004728 19.43269 0.055556 21.41781 19.67063 0.006501 0.007092 0.034722 0.0 34722 16 19.75214 0.009 16 23.87066 0.111 16.5 8.5 0.005319 19.432 69 0.0625 21.41781 19.67379 0.007092 0.007683 0.034722 0.0 34722 17 19.77252 0.010 17 24.21986 0.118 17.5 9 0.005319 19.59521 0.0625 21.4489 19.69367 0.007683 0.008274 0.034722 0.0347 22 18 19.8221 0.011 18 25.20598 0.125 18.5 9.5 0.00591 19.59521 0.069444 21.4489 19.71212 0.008274 0.008865 0.034722 0.03 4722 19 19.83377 0.011 19 26.00263 0.132 19.5 10 0.00591 19.6669 0 .069444 21.53211 19.75209 0.008865 0.009456 0.034722 0.03 4722 20 19.85449 0.012 20 26.37852 0.139 20.5 10.5 0.006501 19.66 69 0.076389 21.53211 19.75214 0.009456 0.010047 0.034722 0 .034722 21 19.8756 0.012 21 26.46959 0.146 21.5 11 0.006501 19.67063 0.076389 22.85644 19.77252 0.010047 0.010638 0.034722 0.0 34722 22 19.88717 0.013 22 26.90586 0.153 22.5 11.5 0.007092 19.67 063 0.083333 22.85644 19.8221 0.010638 0.011229 0.034722 0 .034722 23 19.90336 0.014 23 27.02288 0.160 23.5 12 0.007092 19.6737 9 0.083333 23.49787 19.83377 0.011229 0.01182 0.034722 0.0 34722 24 19.90582 0.014 24 27.11699 0.167 24.5 12.5 0.007683 19.67 379 0.090278 23.49787 19.85449 0.01182 0.012411 0.034722 0 .034722 25 19.91678 0.015 25 27.17172 0.174 25.5 13 0.007683 19.6936 7 0.090278 23.55408 19.8756 0.012411 0.013002 0.034722 0.0 34722 26 19.94764 0.015366 26 27.20237 0.180556 26.5 13.5 0.00827 4 19.69367 0.097222 23.55408 19.88717 0.013002 0.013593 0. 034722 0.034722 27 19.95381 0.015957 27 27.31433 0.1875 27.5 14 0.008274 19. 71212 0.097222 23.56497 19.90336 0.013593 0.014184 0.0347 22 0.034722 28 20.05049 0.016548 28 27.62835 0.194444 28.5 14.5 0.00886 5 19.71212 0.104167 23.56497 19.90582 0.014184 0.014775 0. 034722 0.034722 29 20.25129 0.017139 29 27.75355 0.201389 29.5 15 0.008865 1 9.75209 0.104167 23.80924 19.91678 0.014775 0.015366 0.03 4722 0.034722 30 20.30085 0.01773 30 27.89688 0.208333 30.5 15.5 0.009456 19.75209 0.111111 23.80924 19.94764 0.015366 0.015957 0.0 34722 0.034722 31 20.61294 0.018322 31 28.12624 0.215278 31.5 16 0.009456 1 9.75214 0.111111 23.87066 19.95381 0.015957 0.016548 0.03 4722 0.034722 32 20.8455 0.018913 32 28.39912 0.222222 32.5 16.5 0.010047 19.75214 0.118056 23.87066 20.05049 0.016548 0.017139 0.0 34722 0.034722 33 20.96342 0.019504 33 28.46479 0.229167 33.5 17 0.010047 1 9.77252 0.118056 24.21986 20.25129 0.017139 0.01773 0.034 722 0.034722 34 20.98514 0.020095 34 28.52555 0.236111 34.5 17.5 0.01063 8 19.77252 0.125 24.21986 20.27879 0.01773 0.01773 0.03472 2 0.041667 35 20.996 0.020686 35 28.59139 0.243056 35.5 18 0.010638 19. 8221 0.125 25.20598 20.30085 0.01773 0.018322 0.041667 0.0 41667 36 21.00825 0.021277 36 28.69397 0.25 36.5 18.5 0.011229 19. 8221 0.131944 25.20598 20.60272 0.018322 0.018322 0.04166 7 0.048611 37 21.01743 0.021868 37 28.75568 0.256944 37.5 19 0.011229 1 9.83377 0.131944 26.00263 20.61294 0.018322 0.018913 0.04 8611 0.048611 38 21.03414 0.022459 38 28.84455 0.263889 38.5 19.5 0.01182 19.83377 0.138889 26.00263 20.6423 0.018913 0.018913 0.04 8611 0.055556 39 21.04643 0.02305 39 29.26847 0.270833 39.5 20 0.01182 19. 85449 0.138889 26.37852 20.8455 0.018913 0.019504 0.05555 6 0.055556 40 21.07935 0.023641 40 29.33978 0.277778 40.5 20.5 0.01241 1 19.85449 0.145833 26.37852 20.96342 0.019504 0.020095 0. 055556 0.055556 41 21.08345 0.024232 41 29.37028 0.284722 41.5 21 0.012411 1 9.8756 0.145833 26.46959 20.98514 0.020095 0.020686 0.055 556 0.055556 42 21.08544 0.024823 42 29.43373 0.291667 42.5 21.5 0.01300 2 19.8756 0.152778 26.46959 20.996 0.020686 0.021277 0.055 556 0.055556 43 21.12694 0.025414 43 29.48824 0.298611 43.5 22 0.013002 1 9.88717 0.152778 26.90586 21.00825 0.021277 0.021868 0.05 5556 0.055556 44 21.14837 0.026005 44 29.573 0.305556 44.5 22.5 0.013593 1 9.88717 0.159722 26.90586 21.01743 0.021868 0.022459 0.05 5556 0.055556 45 21.15514 0.026596 45 29.66993 0.3125 45.5 23 0.013593 19. 90336 0.159722 27.02288 21.03414 0.022459 0.02305 0.05555 6 0.055556 46 21.15522 0.027187 46 29.83557 0.319444 46.5 23.5 0.01418 4 19.90336 0.166667 27.02288 21.04643 0.02305 0.023641 0.0 55556 0.055556 47 21.19643 0.027778 47 29.85804 0.326389 47.5 24 0.014184 1 9.90582 0.166667 27.11699 21.07935 0.023641 0.024232 0.05 5556 0.055556 48 21.20078 0.028369 48 29.88697 0.333333 48.5 24.5 0.01477 5 19.90582 0.173611 27.11699 21.08345 0.024232 0.024823 0. 055556 0.055556 USACE RMC-TR-2021-02 (PDF p17): Calculate Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) Test to evaluate the statistical significance of wind speed differe nces (for all wind directions) due to smoothing tha t results from distance- weighted averaging of airport data to the locations of the analysis sites. 0 0.1
0.2 0.3
0.4 0.5
0.6 0.7
0.8 0.9
1 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Step-Wise Cumulative Distribution Functions Sites Airports X:\1941500\120265.00\TECH\Dsgn\Wind and Wave\Phase 3\Wind Data\Wind Speed and Direction-4 Airports Comparison.xlsx
EXHIBIT 5. Setup and Runup Illustration
Figure 9
Exhibit 5
APPENDIX E. Additional RALS Documentation
APPENDIX E1. Magpie Creek Diversion Channel Enhancement Project Grading Plans
APPENDIX E2. Robla Creek South Levee Phase 2 Project Plans