Sacramento City Council
April 14, 2026

City of Sacramento
City Council - 2PM Report
915 I Street Sacramento, CA 95814
www.cityofsacramento.org
File ID: 2026-00723 4/14/2026
Approval of Preliminary Project Design and Certification of the Environmental Impact Report for the Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project File ID: 2026-00723
Location: Citywide
Recommendation: Adopt a Resolution: 1) certifying the Environmental Impact Report (EIR) and adopting the Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations and adopting the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP); and 2) pass a Motion approving the preliminary project design for the Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project.

Contact: Megan Thomas, Senior Engineer, (916) 808-1729, [email protected]; Sherill Huun, Engineering Division Manager, (916) 808-1455, [email protected]; Dalia Fadl, Director, (916) 808-3765, [email protected]; Department of Utilities Presenter: None
Attachments:
1-Description/Analysis
2-Resolution
3-Exhibit A - Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations 4-Exhibit B - Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program 5-Preliminary Project Design Report
Description/Analysis
Issue Detail: Staff recommends Council adopt a resolution 1) certifying the Environmental Impact Report (EIR) and adopting the Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations and adopting the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP), and 2) pass a motion approving the preliminary project design for the Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project.

The Department of Utilities (DOU) is in the process of planning for the Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project (Water+ Project). The Water+ Project includes significant improvements at both of the City’s drinking water treatment plants: Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant (SRWTP), located north of downtown, and E. A. Fairbairn Water Treatment Plant (FWTP), located east of Sacramento State University. These improvements replace critical treatment

File ID: 2026-00723 4/14/2026
infrastructure past its useful life, improve resiliency to address environmental and regulatory changes impacting drinking water, and increase the drinking water treatment capacity at the Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant in order to ensure sufficient water supply to support projected water use increases through 2050.

Alongside the creation of a Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR) and the Final Environmental Impact Report (FEIR) for the Water+ Project, staff completed a preliminary project design report to better define the needed elements of the project. City Council approval of the preliminary project design and certification of the EIR is required to begin the design phase for the Water+ Project Phase 1 improvements.

Policy Considerations: The Water+ Project is consistent with the 2040 General Plan’s objectives.

Staff has evaluated the project and concluded the project balances the need for water infrastructure improvements and preservation of historic and cultural resources to the greatest extent feasible and is consistent with the goals and policies of the 2040 General Plan Public Facilities and Safety, Utility Infrastructure, Water Supply, and the Historic and Cultural Resources elements. Specific goals the Water+ Project addresses are as follows:

Public Facilities and Safety:
· PFS-2.2 - Critical Infrastructure: The City shall protect and maintain critical infrastructure such as emergency shelters, fire stations, police stations, emergency operations centers, communications networks, and other emergency service facilities and utilities to ensure continuity of essential operations, including, but not limited to, uninterrupted public safety services during flooding, seismic, geologic, wildfire, and other hazards.

Utility Infrastructure:
· PFS-3.1 - Provision of Adequate Utilities: The City shall continue to provide reliable water, wastewater, and stormwater drainage utility services.
· PFS-3.5 - Water Treatment Capacity and Infrastructure: The City shall plan, secure funding for, and procure sufficient water treatment capacity and infrastructure to meet projected maximum daily water demand, including expansion or rehabilitation of existing treatment plant infrastructure.
· PFS-3.10 - Meet Projected Needs: The City shall foster the orderly and efficient expansion of facilities and infrastructure to adequately meet projected needs, comply with current and future regulations, and maintain public health, safety, and welfare. Infrastructure and facility planning should discourage over-sizing of infrastructure that could induce growth at the edges of the city beyond what is anticipated in the General Plan.

Water Supply:
· PFS-4.3 - Surface Water Supply: The City shall continue to explore and advance options for

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diverting, treating, and conveying surface water to be able to continue fully meeting potable supply demand.

Historic and Cultural Resources:
· HCR-1.1 - Preservation of Historic and Cultural Resources, Landscapes, and Site Features: The City will continue to promote the preservation, restoration, enhancement, and recognition of historic and cultural resources throughout the city. · HCR-1.10 - Demolition: Consistent with Secretary of the Interior Standards, the City shall consider demolition of historic resources as a last resort, to be permitted only if rehabilitation or adaptive reuse of the resource is not feasible; demolition is necessary to protect the health, safety, and welfare of its residents; or the public benefits outweigh the loss of the historic resource.

Economic Impacts: None.

Environmental Considerations: A Notice of Preparation (NOP) of the Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR) was filed with the Office of Planning and Research (now the Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation); sent to each responsible and trustee agency, was posted at the office of the Sacramento County Clerk, and was circulated for public comments from April 6, 2022 through May 6, 2022.

A DEIR was prepared and filed with the State Clearinghouse on June 20, 2025. A Notice of Availability (NOA) of the DEIR was posted at the office of the Sacramento County Clerk and was mailed to all interested groups, organizations, and individuals who had previously requested notice in writing on June 20, 2025.

An official 45-day public review period for the DEIR was established by the State Clearinghouse, ending on August 4, 2025. A total of 5 (five) comments were received regarding the DEIR.

The Final Environmental Impact Report (FEIR) document has been prepared in accordance with CEQA and together with the DEIR (and appendices) constitutes the EIR for the proposed project.

The FEIR responds to all comments received on the DEIR and revised text and/or analyses where warranted. The comments and responses, including changes, do not alter the conclusions of the DEIR. Certification of the EIR, adoption of the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program, and adoption of Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations by the City Council satisfies CEQA requirements relating to the project.

The Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project DEIR and FEIR can be found at:
https://www.cityofsacramento.gov/community-development/planning/environmental/impact-reports

File ID: 2026-00723 4/14/2026
Sustainability: The proposed project is consistent with the 2040 General Plan under the following policies:
· PFS-2.2 as the project will maintain critical infrastructure to ensure continuity of essential services;
· PFS-3.1 as the project ensures the continuation of providing reliable drinking water; · PFS-3.5 as the project is planning for expansion and rehabilitation for both drinking water treatment plants;
· PFS-3.10 as the project ensures the expanded infrastructure will be in place to adequately meet projected needs and future regulations; · PFS-4.3 as the project will advance treatment and surface water conveyance to fully meet potable supply demands;
· HCR-1.1 as the project recognizes the historic elements within the Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant; and,
· HCR-1.10 as the demolition of historic resources has been considered necessary to protect the health, safety, and welfare of its residents.

Commission/Committee Action: On February 18, 2026, staff presented the Water+ Project to the Preservation Commission seeking a recommendation for City Council to certify the Final Environmental Impact Report, adopt the Findings and Statement of Overriding Considerations for the significant impacts the project would have on the city-owned historical resources, and approve the Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project. At this meeting there were no comments regarding the environmental documents and the Preservation Commission voted to support the requested recommendation.

Rationale for Recommendation: The availability of surface water treatment capacity for existing and future customer demand is forecasted to reach its limits by 2039, at which time new water supply capacity will be needed. These forecasts consider city growth estimated in the 2040 General Plan, conservation performance, sustainable groundwater management activities, likely wholesale contracts, and various rules governing water diversions from the rivers. The 2023 Water Master Plan Update also outlined the necessary steps to secure additional water supply by expanding and creating additional treatment capacity at the Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant and making modifications to E. A. Fairbairn Water Treatment Plant.

The proposed Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project is necessary to meet these goals and meet future water supply demands for the City.

Financial Considerations: Not applicable.

Local Business Enterprise (LBE): Not applicable.

Background: The proposed Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project (Water+ Project) is designed to achieve the project objectives (noted below) through multiple

File ID: 2026-00723 4/14/2026
phases of work. The initial phase would improve treatment reliability by replacing facilities at the end of their effective lives. This phase of work would also provide treatment resiliency through the addition of ozone treatment to both the E. A. Fairbairn Water Treatment Plant (FWTP) and the Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant (SRWTP). In parallel with the initial reliability and resiliency improvements at both water treatment plants, the SRWTP raw-water supply and treatment capacity would be increased from 160 million gallons per day (MGD) to 235 MGD. Timing of the components of this phase will depend on available funding and project timing.

Additional phases would be staged to meet the increasing City potable water demand through 2050 for an ultimate capacity of 310 MGD at the SRWTP. No expansion of treatment capacity at the FWTP would be implemented due to limitations placed on withdrawal amounts from the American River. Specifically, implementation of the proposed project would involve the following components:
• Replacement of aging infrastructure at both FWTP and SRWTP; • Integration of ozone into the treatment process at both FWTP and SRWTP; • Conversion from chlorine gas to sodium hypochlorite as the primary chemical for disinfection of the water at both FWTP and SRWTP;
• Construction and operation of a secondary intake in the Sacramento River and pipelines for transferring water to SRWTP;
• Expansion of existing treatment processes at SRWTP to accommodate the additional capacity (including the grit basins, flocculation and sedimentation basins, filtration, and finished water storage);
• Installation of pipelines between the existing Sacramento River Intake and the replacement intake and SRWTP; and
• Improvement of the water transmission and distribution system in the vicinity of SRWTP to address critical hydraulic constrictions.

Water+ Project Origins and Goals
Preceding the Water+ Project, DOU has undertaken significant planning work on projected water demands, facility capacity, and the preferred alternatives to meet future demand. These planning efforts occurred over the past decade.

The planning efforts are memorialized in the following documents:
• 2013 Water Supply Master Plan: The most comprehensive document to consider the suite of projects to address future needs for capacity, conveyance, storage, and conjunctive use. It considered capital, land, Operation and Maintenance requirements, legal, and mitigations costs.
• 2015 Long-Term Water Treatment Capacity Evaluation Project: Following the 2013 Water Supply Master Plan, the City commissioned a new study to develop more

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detailed costs of the surface water supply alternatives. Ultimately this study concurred with prior studies that the most cost-effective project was the increased treatment capacity at the SRWTP.

In 2019, DOU contracted with Carollo Engineers (an engineering consulting firm) to perform the conceptual design for the needed improvements for the future increased capacity at the SRWTP.

Since the original contract, the project objective expanded to provide a reliable, resilient, and safe water supply while meeting the City’s projected potable water demand. Project specific objectives include:
• Increase treatment flexibility to address changing water qualities within the Sacramento and American Rivers and to meet drinking water regulations; • Improve safety, reliability, and resiliency of both surface water treatment plants; • Provide for consistent treatment and distribution of potable water to the service area; and,
• Increase reliable water supply and treatment capacity to meet projected water demand.

Preservation Commission Review and Necessary Findings
Pursuant to Sacramento City Code section 17.604.420, the Preservation Commission is responsible for reviewing site plan and design review applications for development projects involving city-owned landmarks, contributing resources, or noncontributing resources within historic districts. For such city projects, the Preservation Commission does not issue a final decision but provides comments and recommendations to the City Council or other decision-making body. The same standards, guidelines, and findings applicable to private projects are applied to city projects.

Throughout project planning and development, DOU staff was actively engaged with Preservation staff at the Community Development Department to reduce or avoid impacts to historical resources, particularly as it pertains to the SRWTP site, which is a historic landmark listed on the Sacramento Register of Historic and Cultural Resources in 2011. On January 22, 2025, DOU staff presented the proposed project to the Preservation Commission to determine if there were any initial concerns regarding the anticipated impacts to historical elements within SRWTP. At this meeting, no immediate concerns were identified.

RESOLUTION NO. 2026-

Adopted by the Sacramento City Council

April 14, 2026

Resolution Certifying the Environmental Impact Report, Adopting Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Consideration, and Adopting the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program, and Approving the Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project.

BACKGROUND

A. The Department of Utilities (DOU) has determined the need for the Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project to be able to address existing and future drinking water treatment and supply needs for the City.

B. A Notice of Preparation (NOP) of the Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR) was filed with the Office of Planning and Research and sent to each responsible and trustee agency and was posted at the office of the Sacramento County Clerk, and was circulated for public comments from April 6, 2022, through May 6, 2022.

C. A DEIR was prepared and filed with the State Clearinghouse on June 20, 2025. A Notice of Availability (NOA) of the DEIR was posted at the office of the Sacramento County Clerk and was mailed to all interested groups, organizations, and individuals who had previously requested notice in writing on June 20, 2025.

D. An official 45-day public review period for the DEIR was established by the State Clearinghouse, ending on August 4, 2025. A total of 5 (five) comments were received regarding the DEIR. These comments were responded to within the Final Environmental Impact Report (FEIR).

E. During the environmental review of the Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project, the proposed project had elements that would result in Significant or Potentially Significant Impacts to Air Quality, Biologic Resources (Aquatic), Biological Resources (Terrestrial), Cultural Resources, Hazards, Hazardous Materials, Noise, Transportation, Tribal Cultural Resources, and Wildfire. Most of the new or increased impacts were reduced to a Less Than Significant level through the implementation of mitigation measures which were incorporated into the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program. Significant and Unavoidable impacts associated with Cultural Resources, Hydrology and Water Quality, and Noise were identified and a Statement of Overriding Considerations was prepared.

F. On February 18, 2026, staff presented the project to the Preservation Commission pursuant to Sacramento City Code section 17.604.420 seeking a recommendation for City Council to certify the Final Environmental Impact Report, adopt the Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations for the significant impacts the project would have on the city-owned historical resources, and approve the Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project. At this meeting there were no comments regarding the environmental documents and the Preservation Commission voted to support the requested recommendation.

G. City Council has received and considered the Preservation Commission’s recommendation for City Council to certify the Final Environmental Impact Report, adopt the Findings and Statement of Overriding Considerations for the significant impacts the project would have on the city-owned historical resources, and approve the Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project.

BASED ON THE FACTS SET FORTH IN THE BACKGROUND, THE CITY COUNCIL RESOLVES AS FOLLOWS:

Section 1. The City Council finds that the Final Environmental Impact Report for the Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project, which consists of the Draft Environmental Impact Report and the Final Environmental Impact Report (Response to Comments) (collectively the “EIR”) has been completed in accordance with the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), the State CEQA Guidelines and the Sacramento Local Environmental Procedures.

Section 2. The City Council certifies that the EIR was prepared, published, circulated, and reviewed in accordance with the requirements of CEQA, the State CEQA Guidelines, and the Sacramento Local Environmental Procedures, and constitutes an adequate, accurate, objective, and complete Final Environmental Impact Report in full compliance with the requirements of CEQA the State CEQA Guidelines, and the Sacramento Local Environmental Procedures. The City Council further certifies that none of the comments made during or after the public review period, none of the oral or written testimony presented during the City Council meeting considering the project, and none of the other information presented to the City on the project and the EIR include significant new information requiring recirculation of some or all of the EIR pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15088.5.

Section 3. The City Council certifies that the EIR has been provided to it, that the City Council has reviewed the EIR, staff reports, and all other pertinent documentation related to the preparation of the EIR and has considered the information contained in the EIR and associated documents prior to acting on the proposed Project, and that the EIR reflects the City Council’s independent judgment and analysis.

Section 4. Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Sections 15091, and in support of its approval of the Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project (“Project”), the City Council adopts the attached Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations and the attached Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program in support of approval of the Project as set forth in the attached Exhibit A and Exhibit B, respectively, of this Resolution. The City Council has determined that based on the alternatives described in the EIR, the alternatives to feasibly avoid or substantially lessen the unavoidable significant effects would not fully achieve the objectives of the Project. Therefore, City Council selects the preferred Project as proposed in the EIR.

Section 5. In anticipation of approving the Project, the City Council hereby adopts and incorporates into the Project all of the mitigation measures for the Project that are within the responsibility and jurisdiction of the City that are identified in the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program. Pursuant to CEQA section 21081.6 and CEQA Guidelines section 15091, and in support of its approval of the Project, the City Council adopts the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program to require all reasonably feasible mitigation measures to be implemented by means of Project conditions, agreements, or other measures, as set forth in the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program in Exhibit B of this Resolution.

Section 6. The City Council directs that, upon approval of the Project, the City Manager shall file a Notice of Determination with the County Clerk of Sacramento County and with the State Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation, pursuant to the provisions of CEQA Guidelines section 21152.

Section 7. Pursuant to Guidelines section 15091(e), the documents and other materials that constitute the record of proceedings upon which the City Council has based its decision are located in, and may be obtained from, the Office of the City Clerk at 915 I Street, Sacramento, California. The City Clerk is the custodian of records for all matters before the City Council.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Exhibit A - Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Exhibit B - Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

Adopted by the City of Sacramento City Council on April 14, 2026, by the following vote:

Ayes:

Noes:

Abstain:

Absent:

Attest:

The presence of an electronic signature certifies that the foregoing is a true and correct copy as approved by the Sacramento City Council.

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 1 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026

EXHIBIT A
City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants
Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings
of Fact
Description of the Project
The City of Sacramento (City) Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project (proposed project) is proposing to provide treatment resiliency for changing water quality in both the American and Sacramento Rivers, to address reliability of facilities with infrastructure currently approaching the end of its effective life, and to provide diversion and treatment capacity in order to meet projected water demand within the service area.

The proposed project is designed to achieve the project objectives through two phases of work relating to the City’s water treatment plants, raw water supply, and potable water transmission pipelines: an “initial phase” to occur between 2026 and 2037, followed by a “project buildout” to occur between 2040 and 2050.

The initial phase of the proposed project would improve treatment reliability at both water treatment plants by replacing facilities that have reached the end of their effective lives. The initial phase would also provide resiliency within each treatment system through the addition of ozone treatment, to help address changing water quality in the Sacramento and American Rivers, and the conversion from chlorine gas to sodium hypochlorite, a safer and more reliably available chemical for disinfection. The project buildout phase of the proposed project would be staged to meet the increasing water demands of the City’s service area through 2050 by further increasing the capacity of the Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant (SRWTP) to treat water diverted from the Sacramento River.

In summary, the proposed project includes the following components:
• Facility and treatment process improvements at both the E.A. Fairbairn Water Treatment Plant (FWTP) and the SRWTP including replacement of aging infrastructure; integration of ozone into the treatment processes; and conversion from chlorine gas to sodium hypochlorite as the primary chemical for disinfection of the water. • Upgrades to existing utilities that serve the FWTP and SRWTP (i.e., storm drainage systems and electrical service line connections).

Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 2 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026
• Construction of a new Sacramento River water intake and pump station, and installation of a new raw water conveyance pipeline to transfer raw water from the supply source (Sacramento River) to the SRWTP facilities.
• Improvements to the existing Sacramento River water intake and associated facilities, and installation of anew pipeline to transport sediment deposited within the intake to SRWTP (following a similar alignment as the raw water conveyance pipeline described above).
• Improvement of the potable water transmission system in the vicinity of SRWTP to address critical hydraulic constrictions.

Findings Required Under CEQA

1. Procedural Findings
The City Council of the City of Sacramento finds as follows:

Based on the nature and scope of the proposed project Environmental Impact Report (EIR) (SCH # 2022040138), the City of Sacramento’s Department of Utilities determined, based on substantial evidence, that the proposed project may have a significant effect on the environment and prepared an EIR on the proposed project. The EIR was prepared, noticed, published, circulated, reviewed, and completed in full compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (Public Resources Code §21000 et seq. (“CEQA”), the CEQA Guidelines (14 California Code of Regulations §15000 et seq.), and the City of Sacramento environmental guidelines, as follows:
a. A Notice of Preparation (NOP) of the Draft EIR was filed with the Office of Planning and Research and each responsible and trustee agency and was circulated for public comments from April 6, 2022 through May 6, 2022.
b. A Notice of Completion (NOC) and copies of the Draft EIR were distributed to the Office of Planning and Research on June 20, 2025, those public agencies that have jurisdiction by law with respect to the proposed project, or which exercise authority over resources that may be affected by the proposed project, and to other interested parties and agencies as required by law. The comments of such persons and agencies were sought. c. An official 45-day public comment period for the Draft EIR was established by the Office of Planning and Research. The public comment period began on June 20, 2025, and ended on August 4, 2025.
d. A Notice of Availability (NOA) of the Draft EIR was mailed to all interested groups, organizations, and individuals who had previously requested notice in writing on June 20, 2025. The NOA stated that the City of Sacramento had completed the Draft EIR and that Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 3 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026

the Draft EIR was available to review at the following web page:
– Environmental Planning Department, Environmental Impact Report webpage at: https://www.cityofsacramento.gov/community- development/planning/environmental/impact-reports
The notice also indicated that the official 45-day public review period for the Draft EIR would end on August 4, 2025.
e. A public notice was placed in the Sacramento Bulletin on June 20, 2025, which stated that the Draft EIR was available for public review and comment. f. A NOA of the Draft EIR was posted at the office of the Sacramento County Clerk on June 20, 2025.
g. Following closure of the public comment period, all comments received on the Draft EIR during the comment period, the City’s written responses to the significant environmental points raised in those comments, and additional information added by the City, were added to the Draft EIR to produce the Final EIR.

2. Record of Proceedings
The following information is incorporated by reference and made part of the record supporting these findings:
a. Draft and Final EIR for the proposed project and all documents relied upon or incorporated by reference;
b. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program for the proposed project (Exhibit B); c. All Notices of Preparation and other public notices issued by the City in conjunction with the EIR for the proposed project;
d. The Sacramento City Code;
e. All testimony, documents, and other evidence contained in the City’s files that were submitted to and received by the City by or on behalf of landowners, private organizations, public agencies, and members of the public in connection with the proposed project;
f. Minutes and verbatim transcripts contained in the City’s files of all public meetings, and public hearings held by the City in connection with the proposed project EIR; g. All testimony and documentary or other evidence contained in the City’s files that were submitted to the City at public meetings and public hearings held by the City in connection with proposed project EIR;
Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

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3. Findings
Pursuant to Section 21080 of CEQA and Section 15091 of the CEQA Guidelines, (a) No public agency shall approve or carry out a project for which an EIR has been certified which identifies one or more significant environmental effects of the project unless the public agency makes one or more written findings for each of those significant effects, accompanied by a brief explanation of the rationale for each finding.

The possible findings are:
(1) Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which avoid or substantially lessen the significant environmental effect as identified in the final EIR.
(2) Such changes or alterations are within the responsibility and jurisdiction of another public agency and not the agency making the finding. Such changes have been adopted by such other agency or can and should be adopted by such other agency. (3) Specific economic, legal, social, technological, or other considerations, including provision of employment opportunities for highly trained workers, make infeasible the mitigation measures or project alternatives identified in the final EIR.

In support of its approval of the Project, the City Council makes the following findings for each of the significant or potentially significant environmental effects of the proposed project identified in the EIR pursuant Section 15091 of the CEQA Guidelines:

A. Findings Regarding Significant or Potentially Significant Impacts Mitigated to a Less Than Significant Level
The EIR for the proposed project identified the potential for the proposed project to cause significant environmental impacts in the areas of Air Quality, Biological Resources-Aquatic, Biological Resources-Terrestrial, Cultural Resources, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, Noise, Transportation, Tribal Cultural Resources, and Wildfire. The EIR identified one or more feasible mitigation measures that would reduce the potential significant impact(s) to less than significant.

The Sacramento City Council hereby makes findings (a)(1), as stated in State CEQA Guidelines Section 15091 and as required by Public Resource Code Section 21081, with respect to the following effects.

Note that the Findings below do not attempt to describe the full analysis of each environmental impact contained in the Final EIR. Instead, the Findings provide a summary description of each impact, summarize the applicable mitigation measures identified in the Final EIR, and state Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

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findings on the significance of each impact after imposition of the mitigation measures. A full explanation of these environmental findings and conclusions can be found in the Final EIR.

AIR QUALITY
Impact 3.4-1: Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.4-1(a) (ALL)
Mitigation Measure 3.4-1(b) (ALL)
Findings
Construction of proposed project components would require site preparation, use of equipment, and other associated activities that would result in temporary emissions that are regulated by applicable air quality plans. The Sacramento Regional 2008 8-Hour Ozone Attainment and Reasonable Further Progress Plan addresses attainment of the federal 8-hour ozone standard, while the Triennial Report and Air Quality Plan Revision address attainment of the California 1-hour and 8-hour ozone standards. These are the latest plans issued by the Sacramento Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD), and they incorporate land use assumptions and travel demand modeling from the Sacramento Area Council of Governments.

Although emissions are below the applicable SMAQMD thresholds, implementation of Mitigation Measure 3.4-1(a) (as specified in Exhibit B) would further reduce construction emissions of nitrogen oxides by requiring the use of the California Air Resources Board Tier 4 Final or cleaner equipment. Implementation of Mitigation Measure 3.4-1(b) (as specified in Exhibit B) would reduce 10 microns or less in diameter (PM 10) and 2.5 microns or less in
diameter (PM2.5) emissions by ensuring compliance with the requirements of SMAQMD Rule 403. Therefore, with implementation of Mitigation Measure 3.4-1(a) and (b), the proposed project would not conflict with or obstruct the implementation of the SMAQMD’s air quality plans and this impact would be less than significant with mitigation.

Impact 3.4-3: Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is nonattainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.4-2 (ALL): Implement Mitigation Measures 3.4-1(a) and (b) Findings
Emissions from construction activities associated with each project phase were estimated by year of construction activity. Proposed project emissions were compared to the SMAQMD thresholds of significance. SMAQMD does not have a significance threshold for reactive organic gas emissions from construction, and therefore reactive organic gas emissions are shown for informational purposes only. Estimates of PM10 and PM2.5 emissions incorporate Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 6 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026
reduction from the quantifiable measures required by SMAQMD Best Management Practices (BMPs) during construction to help reduce fugitive dust emissions. As shown in the Final EIR tables, emissions for all years of construction activities for each phase would be below applicable SMAQMD thresholds. However, if those BMPs are not implemented, emissions could exceed the thresholds. Therefore, the impact would be potentially significant.

Although emissions are below the applicable SMAQMD thresholds, implementation of Mitigation Measure 3.4-1(a) would further reduce construction emissions of nitrogen oxides by requiring the use of the California Air Resources Board Tier 4 Final or cleaner equipment.

Implementation of Mitigation Measure 3.4-1(b) would ensure compliance with the requirements of SMAQMD Rule 403 to reduce fugitive dust emissions. Therefore, with implementation of Mitigation Measure 3.4-2 (as specified in Exhibit B), construction activities would not exceed SMAQMD thresholds and the impact from construction of the proposed project would be less than significant with mitigation.

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES-AQUATIC
Impact 3.5-1: Direct or indirect impacts to listed fish species and their associated habitat and could interfere with movement of native resident or migratory fish.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.5-1 (SRWI-New)
Mitigation Measure 3.5-2 (SRWI-New)
Mitigation Measure 3.5-3 (SRWI-New)
Mitigation Measure 3.5-4 (SRWI-New)
Findings
Construction activities associated with the new water intake could result in modification to fish habitat in the Sacramento River in the vicinity of the intake. Indirect effects include physiological stress; disruption of spawning or foraging behavior; reduction of the availability or quality of spawning and foraging habitat; and potential exposure to predation when temporarily displaced from their preferred habitats. Furthermore, pile driving activities could have both direct and indirect effects on fish, the primary concern of which is the potential for the generation of underwater noise at a level that is harmful to fish species. Increased underwater sound levels can cause a disruption to normal feeding and swimming behaviors, and in extreme cases, mortality. Increased sediment levels from in-water work could also cause respiratory stress to aquatic life. In-water construction, including pile driving, would be temporary and limited to the in-water work window. Therefore, the number of individuals potentially impacted by project activities is expected to be low. Furthermore, fish would likely avoid the work area and would use other parts of the river for movement and migration.

Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 7 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026

Nonetheless, in-water work could still result in the potential for injury or mortality. Therefore, this would be a potentially significant impact.

Mitigation Measures 3.5-1, 3.5-2, 3.5-3, and 3.5-4 (as specified in Exhibit B) would ensure that construction associated with the new water intake avoids or mitigates for impacts to listed fish species and their associated habitat through implementation of a sound attenuation monitoring plan, incorporation of best practices for in-water construction, development of a fish salvage and relocation plan, and purchase of compensatory mitigation credits. Adherence to the Construction General Permit and in-water construction BMPs would further reduce potential impacts to listed fish species. Furthermore, while listed fish species are likely to avoid the work area due to increased sound and activity, implementing an in-water work window would further reduce potential impacts to the movement of native resident and migratory fish. Therefore, this impact would be reduced to less-than-significant with mitigation.

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES-TERRESTRIAL
Impact 3.6-1: Impact nesting migratory birds and birds of prey.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.6-1 (ALL)
Findings
Migratory birds and other birds of prey that are protected under 50 Code of Federal Regulations 10 of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and/or Section 3503 of the California Fish and Game Code could nest on or in the vicinity of the proposed project components in the FWTP and SRWTP project areas. Nesting habitat for birds of prey and migratory bird species at the project areas include trees, shrubs, unpaved ground surfaces, and structures. Habitat within the FWTP project area primarily consists of structures and urban landscaping. Habitat at the SRWTP property primarily consists of structures and urban landscaping. Both water treatment plants include existing ornamental trees planted around the parking areas and roads, around the buildings, and in the lawns. A narrow strip of Fremont cottonwood riparian forest occurs along the Sacramento River at the existing water intake and within the proposed construction area for the proposed intake structures and conveyance pipelines. Large trees on and adjacent to the project areas provide potential nesting habitat for Swainson’s hawk, although suitable nearby foraging habitat is limited. Project construction activities, including increased noise and vibrations, structure demolition, and vegetation removal could result in direct mortality to nesting migratory birds or birds of prey should they be present on or adjacent to a construction site through removal of, damage to, or abandonment of eggs or young. This would be a potentially significant impact.

Mitigation Measures 3.6-1(a) through 3.6-1(f) (as specified in Exhibit B) would ensure that the proposed project would avoid impacts to migratory birds and other birds of prey through clearing vegetation outside of the nesting season or conducting preconstruction surveys. No- Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 8 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026
work buffers would be established if birds are observed nesting in the vicinity of the construction footprint. Mitigation Measure 3.6-1(g) (as specified in Exhibit B), which implements Mitigation Measures 3.6-3(a) and 3.6-3(b), would ensure that the proposed project avoids or mitigates for impacts to trees potentially used for nesting by Swainson’s hawk and other birds of prey. Therefore, this impact would be reduced to less-than-significant with mitigation.

Impact 3.6-3: Impact valley elderberry longhorn beetle.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.6-2(a) (TPI - FWTP/SRWTP, EUU-FWTP/SRWTP, SRWI- Existing/New)
Mitigation Measure 3.6-2(b) (TPI - FWTP/SRWTP, EUU-FWTP/SRWTP, SRWI- Existing/New)
Mitigation Measure 3.6-2(c) (TP)
Findings
Multiple elderberry shrubs, host plant for federal-threatened Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle (VELB), grow in the proposed project areas. Elderberry shrubs are located within the FWTP property and the SRWTP property. Elderberry shrubs are also located elsewhere in the SRWTP project area, and one elderberry shrub occurs in the Interstate 5 right-of-way where the conveyance pipelines alignment is proposed. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Framework for Assessing Impacts to the Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle assumes that any impacts to riparian habitat with elderberry shrubs present are likely to result in adverse effects to VELB. In non-riparian habitats, the USFWS Framework assumes that a project may affect VELB if project activities occur within 165 feet of an elderberry shrub with exit holes or disturbs elderberry shrubs reasonably close to riparian areas or known VELB populations.

Because the elderberry is the sole host plant of the VELB, any activities that adversely impact an elderberry shrub could also adversely impact the VELB. Activities that reduce the suitability of an area for elderberry plants or elderberry recruitment and increase fragmentation could have adverse impacts to mating, foraging, and dispersal of VELB. This would be a potentially significant impact.

Mitigation Measures 3.6-2(a) through 3.6-2(c) (as specified in Exhibit B) would ensure that the project avoids or mitigates for impacts to VELB through implementation of a no-work buffer for activities that may damage or kill an elderberry shrub, through minimization of project activities which could impact the shrubs, and through transplanting and compensatory mitigation for shrubs that will be directly impacted. Therefore, this impact would be reduced to less-than- significant with mitigation.

Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 9 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026

Impact 3.6-5: Impact riparian habitat.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.6-3(a) (SRWI – Existing/New)
Mitigation Measure 3.6-3(b) (SRWI- Existing/New)
Findings
Riparian habitat occurs along the Sacramento River in the SRWTP project area where the new water intake and pump house would be constructed and where the new conveyance pipelines would be installed from the new and existing water intakes. Construction of the new water intake could impact riparian habitat through tree and vegetation removal for construction of the new pump station and creation of equipment access and staging through and in the riparian habitat. This would be a potentially significant impact.

Mitigation Measures 3.6-3(a) and 3.6-3(b) (as specified in Exhibit B) would reduce the potential for significant impacts on riparian habitat by preventing removal of riparian trees in unpermitted areas, by ensuring the project avoids or mitigates for impacts to riparian trees protected by the City tree ordinance, by restoring temporarily disturbed habitat in riparian areas, and by preventing soil and water contamination. Therefore, this impact would be reduced to less-than- significant with mitigation.

Impact 3.6-7: Result in net reduction of waters of the U.S. as defined in Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and State jurisdictional waters.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.6-4(a) (SRWI - New)
Mitigation Measure 3.6-4(b) (TP)
Findings
The Sacramento River is a traditionally navigable water and is therefore considered a water of the U.S. under the jurisdiction of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE).

Construction of the new intake would result in fill of the Sacramento River through construction of pilings to support the new tee screen foundation, construction of a mechanically stabilized earth wall between the wet well and the levee, and through placement of rip rap around the edges of the new tee screen foundation and over the buried piping. Temporary impacts would occur as the result of constructing a temporary sheet pile cofferdam within the river to create a dewatered area, and through installation of piping below the riverbed elevation between the tee screens and the pump station. The location of the potable water transmission pipelines has not been finalized but wetlands subject to jurisdiction under the USACE or State have the potential to occur in the project alignment. Before construction, the City would obtain a Clean Water Act Section 404 permit for impacts on waters of the U.S. from USACE, a Section 401 water quality certification from the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board, and a Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

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Section 1600 streambed alteration agreement from California Department of Fish and Wildlife.

The City would comply with all conditions of permits received.

Because contamination and permanent fill of potential waters of the U.S. could result due to construction of the proposed new water intake and installation of the potable water transmission lines, this impact would be potentially significant.

Mitigation Measure 3.6-4(a) and 3.6-4(b) (as specified in Exhibit B) would reduce the potential for significant impacts on potential waters of the U.S. by preventing encroachment into unpermitted areas, restoring temporarily disturbed habitat, preventing soil and water contamination, and compensating for permanently impacted aquatic resources. Therefore, this impact would be reduced to less-than-significant with mitigation.

Impact 3.6-9: Conflict with local policies protecting trees.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.6-5 (ALL)
Findings
Trees protected by the City tree ordinance occur throughout the FWTP and SRWTP project areas. Construction of the proposed project could result in the removal of trees protected by the City tree ordinance in order to improve the water treatment facilities, upgrade existing utilities, construct the new water intake at the Sacramento River, and provide construction access. Additionally, construction activities could harm retained protected trees by impacting tree limbs, trunk, or roots though grading or compacting within the root zone. This would be a potentially significant impact.

Mitigation Measure 3.6-5 (as specified in Exhibit B) would ensure that the project avoids or mitigates impacts to trees protected by the City tree ordinance through compliance with the City’s established requirements to avoid or mitigate for the loss of protected trees. Therefore, this impact would be reduced to less-than-significant with mitigation.

CULTURAL RESOURCES
Impact 3.7-1: Substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.7-1(e) (TP)
Findings
The proposed project would also involve improvements of the City’s potable water transmission pipelines in the vicinity of SRWTP, in an area defined on the north by the American River, on the east by 7th Street, on the south by the Union Pacific Railroad, and on the west by the Sacramento River. Approximately 4,000 feet of 78-inch-diameter pipe and Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 11 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026

10,000 feet of 66-inch-diameter pipe would be installed from SRWTP to water users in the City’s service area. Because the exact location of the potable water transmission pipelines is not known at this time, construction activities could affect historic resources which could result in a potentially significant impact; however, installation would likely occur in previously disturbed areas and within existing rights-of-way. Further improvements needed for mitigating distribution needs, such as pipelines and reservoirs, outside of the project area would be addressed through subsequent environmental review once the improvements are proposed.

The installation of water transmission pipelines is a construction activity unlikely to result in significant direct or indirect impacts to historical resources, and implementation of Mitigation Measure 3.7-1(e) (as specified in Exhibit B), requiring avoidance or implementation of measures such as project redesign, resource protection plans, or Historical American Building Survey/Historical Resource Evaluation Report recordation, would reduce potential effects to less-than-significant with mitigation.

Impact 3.7-2: Substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.7-2(a) (ALL)
Mitigation Measure 3.7-2(b) (ALL)
Mitigation Measure 3.7-2(c) (ALL)
Findings
Impacts associated with potential disturbance or destruction of previously undiscovered archaeological resources for all project components would be potentially significant.

Implementation of Mitigation Measures 3.7-2(a) through (c) (as specified in Exhibit B) would reduce the potential impact to archaeological resources to less-than-significant with mitigation because all project components with ground-disturbance would be reviewed by a qualified archaeologist, all project personnel involved in ground disturbance would be trained on what to do in the event that an archaeological resource is identified, and any potential archaeological resources identified would be evaluated and treated appropriately, including consulting with Native American tribes.

Impact 3.7-3: May disturb human remains, including those interred outside of designated cemeteries.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.7-3 (ALL)
Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 12 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026
Findings
Based on the results of the records search, pedestrian survey, and geoarchaeological analysis, there is no indication that the proposed project areas have been used for human burial purposes in the recent or distant past. However, it is possible that previously unidentified human burials could be discovered during ground-disturbing activities associated with project component construction. Therefore, in the event that human remains are discovered, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries, the human remains could be inadvertently damaged, and this impact would be potentially significant.

Implementation of Mitigation Measure 3.7-3 (as specified in Exhibit B) would reduce the potential impact to human remains to less-than-significant with mitigation because all laws and regulations regarding the inadvertent discovery of human remains would be complied with.

HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Impact 3.11-6: Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.11-1 (ALL)
Findings
Implementation of the proposed project includes construction and operation of facility and treatment improvements at both the FWTP and the SRWTP; upgrades to existing utilities serving both water treatment plants; improvements to the existing Sacramento River water intake and associated facilities; construction and operation of a new water intake, pump station and associated conveyance pipelines to the SRWTP; and installation of potable water transmission pipelines to distribute treated water from the SRWTP to the City’s service area.

During construction, construction vehicles would access the proposed project areas (including staging areas) using existing access roads for delivery of materials, water, and other equipment, as well as for waste disposal. Daily truck trips for materials, waste and vendors would range from 12 to 56 roundtrips per day. Some of the roads in the proximity of the proposed project areas are identified as emergency evacuation routes in the City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. This temporary increase in vehicular traffic associated with construction activities would temporarily increase traffic on designated evacuation routes which could impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan.

The City of Sacramento Municipal Code requires the preparation of a Traffic Control Plan if work being performed could obstruct vehicle or pedestrian traffic on City streets (Sacramento Municipal Code Section 12.20.020 and 12.20.030). However, while compliance with the City Municipal Code would help minimize potential short-term interference during construction activities, it does not specifically address notification of emergency response agencies and therefore could obstruct an evacuation route. This impact would be significant.

Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 13 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026

Mitigation Measure 3.11-1 (as specified in Exhibit B) would ensure that a Traffic Control Plan would be developed, approved, and provided to emergency response agencies prior to any road closures during construction to reduce potential interference with local emergency response plans, and to ensure adequate access for emergency responders. Implementation of this mitigation measure would reduce this impact to less-than-significant with mitigation.

NOISE
Impact 3.14-1: Generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.14-1 (ALL)
Findings
Daytime construction of the improvements at the FWTP and existing utility upgrades at both water treatment plants would not generate a substantial temporary increase in ambient noise levels in excess of established standards. However, nighttime construction activities could potentially result in noise levels above the sleep disturbance threshold when activities are proximate to receptors.

Both daytime and nighttime construction of project components in the SRWTP project area would generate a substantial temporary increase in ambient noise levels in excess of standards established in the City’s General Plan or noise ordinance, and applicable standards of other agencies. Therefore, impacts associated with construction activities would be potentially significant.

Implementing Mitigation Measure 3.14-1 (as specified in Exhibit B would reduce temporary increases in noise generated by construction activities to less than significant for sensitive receptors during daytime hours in the FWTP project area and SRWTP project area. However, it is unlikely that these measures would be sufficient to reduce nighttime noise below sleep interference levels during nighttime hours associated with construction activities at the SRWTP. Therefore, although temporary and short-term, these impacts at the SRWTP would remain significant and unavoidable. See Section B below.

Impact 3.14-3: Generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.14-2 (EUU-FWTP – storm drainage improvements only, SRWI- Existing/New, TP)
Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 14 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026
Findings
Construction of facility and treatment improvements at the FWTP and SRWTP, and upgrades to existing utilities serving both water treatment plants, would not generate a substantial temporary vibration effect. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant.

However, nighttime construction of the storm drainage improvements at the FWTP, improvements to the existing Sacramento River water intake and associated facilities; construction of a new water intake, pump station and associated conveyance pipelines to the SRWTP; and installation of the new potable water transmission pipelines could generate a substantial temporary vibration effect. Therefore, vibration levels during nighttime hours would result in an adverse community response based on the criteria established by Federal Transportation Authority, depending on time of day and proximity of sensitive receptors and this impact would be significant.

Implementing Mitigation Measure 3.14-2 (as specified in Exhibit B) would reduce the impacts of construction vibration generated from construction equipment by limiting compaction activities when work is within 90 feet of a sensitive land use to avoid hours when nearby residents would reasonably be expected to sleep which is the basis for the Federal Transportation Authority’s vibration criterion for human annoyance. In addition, vibration levels would be reduced by using alternative equipment and this impact would be less than significant with mitigation.

TRANSPORTATION
Impact 3.17-5: Result in inadequate emergency access.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.17-1 (ALL)
Findings
During construction, construction vehicles would access the proposed project areas (including staging areas) using existing access roads for delivery of materials, water, and other equipment, as well as for waste disposal. Daily truck trips for materials, waste and vendors would range from 12 to 56 round trips per day. Some of the roads in proximity to the proposed project areas are identified as emergency evacuation routes in the City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. This temporary increase in vehicular traffic associated with construction activities would temporarily increase traffic on designated evacuation routes which may result in inadequate emergency access.

The City of Sacramento Municipal Code requires the preparation of a Traffic Control Plan if work being performed could obstruct vehicle or pedestrian traffic on City streets (Sacramento Municipal Code Section 12.20.020 and 12.20.030). However, while compliance with the City Municipal Code would help minimize potential short-term interference during construction activities, the interference of existing emergency access could still occur. The impact would be significant.

Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 15 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026

Mitigation Measure 3.17-1 (as specified in Exhibit B) would ensure that a Traffic Control Plan would be developed, approved and provided to emergency response agencies prior to any road closures during construction to reduce potential interference with local emergency response plans, and to ensure adequate access for emergency responders. Implementation of this mitigation measure would reduce this impact to less-than-significant with mitigation.

TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES
Impact TCR-1: Cause a substantial adverse change to tribal cultural resources.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.18-1(a) (ALL)
Mitigation Measure 3.18-1(b) (ALL)
Mitigation Measure 3.18-1(c) (ALL)
Findings
Construction of the proposed project could involve ground-disturbing activities that would damage or destroy Tribal Cultural Resources (TCR). Therefore, the project is considered to have a potentially significant impact on tribal cultural resources.

Implementation of Mitigation Measures 3.18-1(a) through (c) (as specified in Exhibit B) would reduce the potential impact to TCRs to a less-than-significant level because prior to any ground disturbing activities, construction personnel would be provided TCR sensitivity and awareness training that would include what to do in the event that a potential TCR is encountered. In addition, the mitigation measures include the process for pausing work so that the potential TCR could be examined and a determination made, in consultation with the culturally affiliated Tribal representative, as to the appropriate further evaluation and/or treatment of the TCR. The measures also include engaging a qualified Tribal Monitor(s) to monitor construction-related earth disturbing activities to assist in the identification of potential TCRs. With implementation of these mitigation measures, any potential impacts to tribal cultural resources would be reduced to less-than-significant with mitigation.

WILDFIRE
Impact 3.20-1: Impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.20-1 (ALL)
Findings
Some of the roads in the proposed project areas are identified by the City as emergency evacuation routes. Construction of the project would require traffic diversions, as well as an Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 16 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026
increase in truck trips for movement of materials, equipment, and waste removal within the project areas, as well as construction worker commute trips. The diversion of traffic and temporary increase in construction vehicle traffic going in and out of the project area could temporarily increase traffic on potential evacuation routes (although, as stated previously, evacuation routes used in an emergency would depend on the type of emergency, flood scenario, and other factors. Any increase in traffic could potentially impair a potential evacuation route, and therefore this impact would be potentially significant.

Implementation of Mitigation Measure 3.11-1 (as specified in Exhibit B) would ensure that a Traffic Control Plan would be developed, approved and provided to emergency response agencies prior to any road closures during construction to reduce potential interference with local emergency response plans, and to ensure adequate access for emergency responders.

Implementation of this mitigation measure would reduce this impact to less than significant with mitigation.

B. Findings Regarding Significant and Unavoidable Effects.

The City has found that some impacts related to construction and operation remain significant following adoption and implementation of all feasible mitigation measures, as described in the 2025 Draft EIR. Certain adverse impacts cannot be avoided with the application of mitigation measures. State CEQA Guidelines CCR Section 21100(b)(2)(A) provides that an EIR shall include a detailed statement setting forth “any significant effect on the environment that cannot be avoided if the project is implemented.”
Chapter 3 of the Draft EIR provides a detailed analysis of all potentially significant direct and indirect environmental impacts of the proposed project, feasible mitigation measures that could reduce or avoid the proposed project’s significant impacts and whether these mitigation measures would reduce these impacts to less than significant levels. The proposed project’s significant cumulative impacts are discussed by resource throughout Chapter 4 of the Draft EIR. If a specific impact cannot be reduced to a less than significant level, it is considered a significant and unavoidable impact.

CULTURAL RESOURCES
Impact 3.7-1: Substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.7-1(a) (TPI-SRWTP)
Mitigation Measure 3.7-1(b) (TPI-SRWTP)
Mitigation Measure 3.7-1(c) (TPI-SRWTP)
Mitigation Measure 3.7-1(d) (TPI-SRWTP)
Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 17 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026

Findings
Construction of treatment plant improvements at the SWRTP could result in potentially significant impacts to historic resources associated with the demolition of the 5-MG Clearwell and Head House filters, modification of the Coagulant Building, and potential indirect vibration and setting to the Pump House, Coagulant Building, and Head House buildings. In addition, because the exact location of the potable water transmission pipelines is not known at this time, construction activities could affect historic resources which could result in a potentially significant impact; however, installation would likely occur in previously disturbed areas and within existing rights-of-way.

Implementation of Mitigation Measures 3.7-1(a) through (d) (as specified in Exhibit B) would reduce the potential impacts to built historical resources at the SRWTP through pre- construction survey and evaluation, design review, and vibration monitoring and damage repair. However, the proposed project would still result in changes to the historical setting of the SRWTP due to the addition of new buildings and structures as well as the loss of the 5-MG Clearwell and filters. As a result, this impact would remain significant and unavoidable.

HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY
Impact 3.12-11: Increased diversions associated with operation of the proposed new intake could result in substantial decreases in water supply deliveries because of changes in surface water flows and/or changes in water supply system operations, as measured by substantial changes in reservoir storage or timing or rate of river flows.

Mitigation Measures
None Available.

Findings
Under existing conditions, increased diversion through the new water intake resulted in changes in storage in State Water Project (SWP) and Central Valley Project (CVP) reservoirs and South-of-Delta exports. For the lower American River, changes to Folsom Reservoir storage and lower American River flows for the proposed project scenarios are largely the same as those for the existing baseline conditions. However, for Shasta Lake, Trinity Lake and Lake Oroville, substantial decreases (greater than 10 thousand acre-feet) in long-term average end-of-September storage were observed during dry and critically dry years. Thus, model simulations suggest that increased diversion to meet increased City demand may be met from various water sources and/or operational changes including but not limited to water releases from upstream SWP and CVP reservoir storage, reduced deliveries to junior water rights holders, or interbasin water transfers, and water conserved by the City and in storage at Folsom Reservoir as a CVP facility.

The South of Delta deliveries, and by connection SWP and CVP upstream reservoir releases for Delta outflow requirements and Delta export objectives, are under the discretion of the operators of these two projects, who can reduce allocations to contractors or otherwise be subject to water rights more senior than the SWP and/or CVP rights that are exercised for upstream reservoir releases. That is, it is up to the operators of the SWP and CVP to control Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 18 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026
how any proposed project-related effect is manifested and/or shared across water users while also complying with federal, state, and water priority of right requirements, as applicable to the SWP and CVP. Further, pursuant to the City’s 1957 permanent water rights operating contract with Reclamation, it is stipulated that Reclamation would: (1) operate its facilities so as to make available in the lower American River sufficient water for the City’s diversions up to the amounts specified in the operating contract, and (2) operate its CVP Sacramento River storage facilities so as not to interfere with the City’s diversions up to the amounts specified in the operating contract. As specified in the 1957 permanent water rights operating contract, “representatives of the United States and the City will confer with each other at least once per year regarding anticipated supplies and diversions as permissible under the operating contract.

Additionally, “representatives of the United States (i.e., Reclamation) and the City shall confer with each other as often as necessary for the purposes of agreeing upon or approving methods, procedure, data or other matters required under the contract to be mutually agreed upon or approved by the United States and the City”. Under the proposed Project, it is assumed that Reclamation and the City would continue to meet at least annually During dry and critically dry water years, “other matters” discussed during the meeting could include a discussion of the City’s forecasted water supply demand. Reclamation and the Sate may incorporate this information into their annual notification of water deliveries to SWP and CVP.

Despite this regulatory context, the CalSim 3 modeling results demonstrate that in dry and critically dry water years, several SWP and CVP reservoirs experienced long-term average decreases in end-of-September storage greater than 10 thousand acre-feet. Thus, increased diversion by the City could result in substantial reductions in water supply deliveries during dry and critically dry years to SWP and CVP water contractors that have water rights junior to those of the City. Increased diversion associated with the operation of the proposed new water intake could result in substantial decreases in water supply deliveries. In response to reduced surface water deliveries, water rights holders with access to groundwater could also increase use of groundwater in-lieu of surface water to meet demand. As such, potential actions of water users could have an indirect effect on groundwater. This additional water diversion impact would be significant and unavoidable and no feasible mitigation measures are available to reduce or lessen this impact.

NOISE
Impact 3.14-1: Construction of the proposed project could generate a substantial temporary increase in ambient noise levels in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure 3.14-1 (ALL)
Findings
Both daytime and nighttime construction of project components in the SRWTP project area would generate a substantial temporary increase in ambient noise levels in excess of standards established in the City’s General Plan or noise ordinance, and applicable standards of other Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 19 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026

agencies. Therefore, impacts associated with construction activities would be potentially significant.

Implementing Mitigation Measure 3.14-1 (as specified in Exhibit B) would reduce temporary increases in noise generated by construction activities to below speech interference levels at sensitive receptors during daytime hours in the FWTP project area and SRWTP project area.

However, it is unlikely that these measures would be sufficient to reduce nighttime noise below sleep interference levels during nighttime hours associated with construction activities at the SRWTP. Therefore, although temporary and short-term, these impacts at the SRWTP would remain significant and unavoidable.

STATEMENT OF OVERRIDING CONSIDERATIONS JUSTIFYING PROJECT

APPROVAL
In accordance with CEQA Guidelines Section 15093, the City has, in determining whether or not to approve the proposed project, balanced the economic, social, technological, and other Project benefits against its unavoidable environmental risks, and finds that each of the benefits set forth below outweigh the significant adverse environmental effects that are not mitigated to less-than-significant levels.

This statement of overriding considerations is based on the City’s review of the Final EIR and other information in the administrative record. Each of the benefits identified below provides a separate and independent basis for overriding the significant environmental effects of the proposed project. The benefits are as follows:

1. Increase treatment flexibility to address changing water quality in the American and Sacramento Rivers while continuing to meet changing drinking water regulations. The proposed project would enhance treatment processes and infrastructure to adapt to variable source water conditions and evolving regulatory standards, ensuring compliance and maintaining high-quality potable water.

2. Improve safety, reliability, and resiliency of both FWTP and SRWTP facilities.

The Project would address reliability of facilities with infrastructure currently approaching the end of its effective life, and to provide diversion and treatment capacity in order to meet projected water demand within the service area.

3. Provide for consistent treatment and distribution of potable water to the City’s service area. The proposed project would improve system reliability and operational efficiency to ensure uninterrupted delivery of safe drinking water throughout the service area.

4. Increase reliable water supplies and treatment capacities to meet anticipated water demands. The proposed project would increase reliable water supplies and treatment capacities to meet anticipated future water demands through 2050.

Exhibit A. City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CEQA Findings of Fact

City of Sacramento Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 20 ESA / D201800874.01 CEQA Findings of Fact February 2026

5. The Project includes feasible mitigation measures. The proposed project mitigation measures represent sound and proven methods to avoid or reduce potential effects. These measures were outlined in Chapter 3 of the 2025 Draft EIR and Chapter 4 of the Final EIR. The mitigation measures identified would be implemented to avoid or reduce short-term, construction-related effects.

C. Findings Regarding Alternatives.

The EIR for Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project identified unavoidable significant environmental effects. Therefore, the City Council must make a finding with respect to alternatives to the Project considered in the EIR, evaluating whether these alternatives could feasibly avoid or substantially lessen the unavoidable significant effects while achieving most of the proposed project’s goals and objectives.

Chapter 6 of the Draft EIR describes and evaluates the comparative impacts of alternatives to the Project. Two alternatives were identified for evaluation in the Draft EIR, including the No Project Alternative and the Initial Phase Only Alternative. Based on the comparison of environmental impacts of these alternatives to the Project, due to the reduced magnitude and duration of impacts, the Initial Phase Only Alternative is the environmentally superior alternative. However, the Initial Phase Only Alternative does not provide the complete buildout capacity of the SRWTP to treat water diverted from the Sacramento River to meet increasing water demands in the City’s service area. Therefore, the City Council finds that it would not fully achieve the objectives of the Project.

D. Findings Regarding Adoption of Mitigation Measures.

The City Council finds that the mitigation measures identified in the Draft and Final EIR (as specified in Exhibit B) are solely within the jurisdiction and control of the City. There are no mitigation measures within the jurisdiction and control of other agencies. Therefore, the City will be in control of and will implement mitigation measures in the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program for the Project.

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EXHIBIT B
Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program
B.1 Introduction
Public Resources Code section 21081.6 and section 15097 of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines require public agencies to establish monitoring or reporting programs for projects approved by a public agency whenever approval involves the adoption of either a mitigated negative declaration or specified environmental findings related to environmental impact reports.

The following is the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) for the Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project (proposed project). The intent of the MMRP is to track and successfully implement the mitigation measures identified within the Environmental Impact Report (EIR) for this project. The EIR includes the Draft EIR, as revised in the Final EIR.

B.2 Mitigation Measures
The mitigation measures are taken from the proposed project EIR and are assigned the same number as in the EIR. The MMRP describes the actions that must take place to implement each mitigation measure, the timing of those actions, and the entities responsible for implementing and monitoring the actions.

B.3 MMRP Table
The components of the attached table, which contains applicable mitigation measures, are addressed briefly, below.

Impact: This column identifies the impact stated in the EIR.

Mitigation Measure: All mitigation measures that were identified in the proposed project EIR are presented, as revised in the Final EIR, and numbered accordingly.

Action(s): For every mitigation measure, one or more actions are described. The actions delineate the means by which the mitigation measures will be implemented, and, in some instances, the criteria for determining whether a measure has been successfully implemented. Where mitigation measures are particularly detailed, the action may refer back to the measure.

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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Component: This column identifies the relevant component of the proposed project to which the mitigation measure applies, using the following abbreviations:
• Treatment Plant Improvements - TPI (FWTP/SRWTP)
• Existing Utility Upgrades - EUU (FWTP/SRWTP)
• Sacramento River Water Intakes - SRWI (Existing/New)
• Potable Water Transmission Pipelines – TP
• All Project Components - ALL
Implementing Party: This item identifies the entity that will undertake the required action; this may be the City of Sacramento (City) or some other responsible party.

Timing: Implementation of the action must occur prior to or during some part of project approval, project design or construction or on an ongoing basis. The timing for each measure is identified.

Monitoring and Reporting Party: The City’s Department of Utilities is primarily responsible for ensuring that mitigation measures are successfully implemented. Within the City, a number of departments and divisions would have responsibility for monitoring some aspect of the overall project.

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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W ATER+ TREATMENT PLANTS RESILIENCY AND IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT MITIGATION MONITORING PROGRAM Impact Mitigation Measure Action(s) Component Implementing Party Timing Monitoring and Reporting
Party

3.2 Air Quality

3.4-1: Construction of the proposed
project could conflict with or obstruct
implementation of an applicable air
quality plan.

Mitigation Measure 3.4-1(a) (ALL): Prior to the initiation of construction at SRWTP, including existing utility upgrades, contractor shall ensure that all heavy-duty off-road diesel- powered equipment (including owned, leased, and
subcontractor equipment) shall be CARB Tier 4 Final or
cleaner. These requirements shall also be included on
improvement plans and submitted for review and approval by SMAQMD.

Ensure that all heavy-duty off-road diesel-powered equipment shall be CARB Tier 4 Final or cleaner.

Requirements shall also be included on improvement plans and submitted for review and approval by SMAQMD .

TPI-SRWTP, EUU–SRWTP Contractor Prior to construction. City of Sacramento Department of Utilities
Mitigation Measure 3.4-1(b) (ALL): The following Basic
Construction Emissions Control Practices , required by
SMAQMD Rule 403 and enforced by SMAQMD staff , shall be implemented to minimize fugitive dust emissions during
construction activities:
i. Water all exposed surfaces two times daily. Exposed
surfaces include, but are not limited to soil piles, graded areas, unpaved parking areas, staging areas, and access roads;
ii. Cover or maintain at least 2 feet of free board space on haul trucks transporting soil, sand, or other loose material on the site. Any haul trucks that would be traveling along freeways or major roadways should be covered;
iii. Use wet power vacuum street sweepers to remove any visible track-out mud or dirt onto adjacent public roads at least once a day. Use of dry power sweeping is prohibited; iv. Limit vehicle speeds on unpaved roads to 15 miles per hour;
v. All roadways, driveways, sidewalks, parking lots to be paved should be completed as soon as possible. In
addition, building pads should be laid as soon as possible after grading unless seeding or soil binders are used;
vi. Minimize idling time either by shutting equipment off when not in use or reducing the time of idling to 5 minutes
[California Code of Regulations, Title 13, Sections
2449(d)(3) and 2485]. Provide clear signage that posts this requirement for workers at the entrances to the site;
1 vii. Provide current certificate(s) of compliance for CARB’s In- Use Off-Road Diesel-Fueled Fleets Regulation [California Code of Regulations, Title 13, Sections 2449 and 2449.1];2 and
viii. Maintain all construction equipment in proper working condition according to manufacturer’s specifications. The equipment must be checked by a certified mechanic and
determined to be running in proper condition before it is operated.

Implement Basic Construction Emissions Control Practices to minimize fugitive dust emissions during construction activities.

All Contractor During construction. City of Sacramento Department of Utilities

3.4-3: Construction of the proposed
project could result in a cumulatively
considerable net increase of any criteria
pollutant for which the project region is
nonattainment under an applicable
federal or state ambient air quality
standard.

Mitigation Measure 3.4-2 (ALL): Implement Mitigation
Measures 3.4-1(a) and (b).

See Mitigation Measures 3.4-1(a) and 3.4-1(b) All See Mitigation Measures

3.4-1(a) and 3.4-1(b)
See Mitigation Measures

3.4-1(a) and 3.4-1(b)
See Mitigation Measures

3.4-1(a) and 3.4-1(b)

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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Impact Mitigation Measure Action(s) Component Implementing Party Timing Monitoring and Reporting
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3.5 Biological Resources – Aquatic

3.5-1: Construction of the proposed
project could result in direct or indirect
impacts to listed fish species and their
associated habitat and could interfere
with movement of native resident or
migratory fish.

Mitigation Measure 3.5-1 (SRWI-New): Prior to the start of any in-water construction that would require pile driving, the City or its contractors shall prepare a sound attenuation monitoring plan to protect fish and submit to NMFS, CDFW, and USFWS for approval. The approved plan shall be implemented during construction. This plan shall provide detail on the sound attenuation system, detail methods used to monitor and verify sound levels during pile driving activities (if required based on projected in-water noise levels), and describe best
management practices to reduce impact pile- driving in the aquatic environment to an intensity level less than 183 dB (sound exposure level, SEL) impulse noise level for fish at a distance of 33 feet. The plan shall incorporate, but not be limited to, the following best management practices:
a) To the extent feasible vibratory pile drivers shall be used for the installation of all support piles.
b) If impact hammer pile driving will be used, a soft start technique shall be implemented, at the start of each
workday or after a break in impact hammer driving of 30 minutes or more, to give fish an opportunity to vacate the area.
c) If during the use of an impact hammer, established pile driving thresholds are exceeded (greater than 183 dB), a bubble curtain or other sound attenuation method as
described in the approved sound attenuation monitoring
plan shall be utilized to reduce sound levels below the criteria described above.

The City or its contractors shall prepare a sound attenuation monitoring plan to protect fish and submit to NMFS, CDFW, and USFWS for approval.

The approved plan shall be implemented during construction.

SRWI-New City of Sacramento or
Contractor
Prior to any in-water
construction that would
require pile driving.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities
Mitigation Measure 3.5-2 (SRWI-New): Incorporate best
practices to avoid and/or minimize potential impacts from in- water construction. These include the following:
a) All in-water construction shall occur during the designated in-water work window of June 1 through October 31 (or as otherwise specified by applicable permits from the
Regional Water Quality Control Board, CDFW, NMFS,
and/or U.S Army Corps of Engineers [US ACE]), when
listed fish are least likely to occur.
b) All materials placed into the creek channel shall be nontoxic. Any combination of wood, plastic, cured
concrete, steel pilings, or other materials used for in- channel structures shall not contain coatings or treatments or consist of substances toxic (e.g., copper, other metals, or pesticides, petroleum-based products, etc.) to aquatic organisms that may leach into the surrounding
environment in amounts harmful to aquatic organisms.
c) Construction supervisors and managers shall be educated on invasive species identification and the importance of controlling and preventing the spread of invasive species.

The City will follow the guidelines in the CDFW’s California Aquatic Invasive Species Management Plan (CDFW,
2008) and Aquatic Invasive Species Disinfection/
Decontamination Protocols (CDFW, 2022).
d) Construction equipment such as portable equipment,
vehicles, and supplies, including chemicals, shall be stored at designated construction staging areas or on barges,
exclusive of any riparian or wetland areas. Any equipment that may leak shall be stored over impermeable surfaces, if available, and drip pans (or any other type of
impermeable containment measure) will be placed under
parked machinery and checked and replaced, when
necessary, to prevent drips and leaks from entering the environment.

Incorporate best practices to avoid and/or minimize potential impacts from in-water construction.

SRWI-New Contractor During in-water construction. City of Sacramento Department of Utilities

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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e) Areas for fuel storage, refueling, and servicing of
construction equipment shall be located in an upland
location and following industry BMPs.
f) The City or contractor shall inspect, maintain and repair all erosion control materials and devices prior to and after any storm event, at 24-hour intervals during extended storm events, and a minimum of every two weeks until all erosion control measures are no longer needed.
g) Immediately after project completion and before the close of the seasonal work window, all exposed soil shall be
stabilized with erosion control measures such as mulch, seeding, and/or placement of erosion control blankets.

Where straw, mulch, or slash is used on bare mineral soil, the minimum coverage shall be 95 percent with two-inch
minimum depth.

Mitigation Measure 3.5-3 (SRWI-New): During all in-water construction work associated with the installation of the proposed new intake, the City or its contractors shall develop a fish salvage and relocation plan and submit to NMFS, CDFW, and USFWS for approval. The approved plan shall be
implemented after cofferdam installation and prior to
dewatering to prevent fish stranding during dewatering. The plan will outline methods and procedures for rescue and relocation including:
a) Salvage and relocation activities shall be conducted by Qualified Biologists approved by NMFS, CDFW, and
USFWS and in accordance with required permits.
b) Procedures for excluding fish from the construction zone and for removing fish, should they become trapped.
c) Salvage methods including seining, dipnetting, and
electrofishing, shall be implemented in a way that
minimizes fish stress and mortality.

The City or its contractors shall develop a fish salvage and relocation plan and submit to NMFS, CDFW, and USFWS for approval.

The approved plan shall be implemented after cofferdam
installation and prior to dewatering to prevent fish stranding during dewatering.

SRWI-New City of Sacramento or
Contractor
During in-water construction
work associated with the
installation of the proposed
new intake.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities
Mitigation Measure 3.5-4 (SRWI-New): In order to offset the permanent loss of 0.23 acres of shaded riverine aquatic habitat removed to accommodate the proposed new intake, the City shall purchase mitigation credits from a public or private mitigation bank approved by CDFW. The final number of
credits purchased will be in a ratio of 3:1, or another ratio found agreeable to CDFW and other agencies consulted.

The City shall purchase mitigation credits from a public or private mitigation bank approved by CDFW.

SRWI-New City of Sacramento Prior to completion of project construction.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

3.6 Biological Resources – Terrestrial

3.6-1: Construction of the proposed
project could impact nesting migratory
birds and birds of prey.

Mitigation Measure 3.6-1 (ALL):
a) Project construction shall occur outside of the nesting season to the extent feasible. If project construction begins during the nesting season (Table 3.6-4 ), a qualified
biologist shall conduct a preconstruction survey for active nests on and adjacent to the project area. The pre-
construction survey shall be conducted within 7 days prior to commencement of construction activities (e.g. ground disturbing activities, materials staging, demolition
activities) and include the project site and publicly
accessible areas within 100 feet for active nests of
protected migratory birds and areas within 500 feet for active nests of birds of prey. If no active nests are found during the pre-construction survey, no additional mitigation measures are required. If construction does not
commence within 7 days of the pre-construction survey, or halts for more than 7 days, an additional pre-construction survey is required. Additional survey requirements for
Swainson’s hawk are provided below.

If project construction begins during the nesting season, a qualified biologist shall conduct a preconstruction survey for active nests on and adjacent to the project area.

The pre-construction survey shall be conducted within 7 days prior to commencement of construction activities (e.g. ground disturbing activities, materials staging, demolition activities).

If construction does not commence within 7 days of the pre- construction survey, or halts for more than 7 days, an
additional pre-construction survey is required.

If an active nest is located on or adjacent to the project area, an appropriate buffer zone shall be established around the nest, as determined by the qualified biologist.

Daily monitoring shall occur if buffer distances are reduced until the qualified biologist determines that the nest is no longer active.

A worker environmental awareness training program shall be provided to all on-site personnel by a qualified biologist prior to the start of construction.

All City of Sacramento and
Qualified Biologist
Prior to and during project
construction.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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TABLE 3.6-4

N ESTING SEASON FOR SPECIAL-STATUS

AND COMMON NESTING BIRDS
Species Nesting Season
White-tailed kite February 1 to September 30
Swainson’s hawk March 1 to September 15
Common nesting birds
(raptors, passerines,
herons, and egrets)
February 1 to August 31

b) If an active nest is located on or adjacent to the project area, an appropriate buffer zone shall be established
around the nest, as determined by the qualified biologist.

The biologist shall mark the buffer zone with construction tape or pin flags and maintain the buffer zone until the end of breeding season or until the young have successfully fledged or the nest is determined to no longer be active.

Buffer zones are typically 50−100 feet for migratory bird nests and 250−500 feet for bird of prey nests (excluding Swainson’s hawk). Buffer size shall be determined by the qualified biologist based on the species of bird, the
location of the nest relative to the project, project activities during the time the nest is active, and other project -specific conditions. The qualified biologist will make additional recommendations as needed to protect nesting birds,
including, but not limited to, setting up sound walls and/or visual barriers.
c) If establishing the typical buffer zone is impractical, the qualified biologist may reduce the buffer depending on the species and daily monitoring would be required to ensure that the nest is not disturbed, and no forced fledging
occurs. Daily monitoring shall occur until the qualified biologist determines that the nest is no longer active. d) A worker environmental awareness training program shall be provided to all on-site personnel by a qualified biologist prior to the start of construction. The training will cover special-status species that may occur on the project site and will cover identification, status, avoidance measures, and possible penalties for non-compliance. This training program shall notify project personnel that if at any time during project construction a nesting bird is found on the project site, work should stop within a 100-foot radius if it is a protected migratory bird, a 500-foot radius if it is a bird- of-prey, and a 0.25-mile radius if it is a Swainson’s hawk, and that the qualified biologist shall be contacted for further guidance. The crew members shall sign a sign-in sheet documenting that they received the training.

Additional Measures for Swainson’s Hawk
e) If construction activities are anticipated to commence during the Swainson’s hawk nesting season (March 1 to
September 15), a qualified biologist shall conduct a
minimum of three Swainson’s hawk pre-construction
surveys during each of the two survey periods prior to
construction in accordance with the Recommended Timing
and Methodology for Swainson’s Hawk Nesting Surveys in
California’s Central Valley (Swainson’s Hawk Technical
Advisory Committee, 2000). All potential nest trees within

0.25 mile of the project areas shall be visually examined for potential Swainson’s hawk nests, as accessible. If no active Swainson’s hawk nests are identified on or within

0.25 mile, no additional mitigation measures are required.

If construction activities are anticipated to commence during the Swainson’s hawk nesting season (March 1 to September 15), a qualified biologist shall conduct a minimum of three pre- construction surveys during the recommended survey periods in accordance with the Recommended Timing and
Methodology for Swainson’s Hawk Nesting Surveys in
California’s Central Valley (Swainson’s Hawk Technical
Advisory Committee, 2000).

Mitigate for removal of riparian trees.

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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f) If an active Swainson’s hawk nest is found within 0.25 mile of the project areas, the following measures will be
implemented to avoid and minimize impacts to the nest:
i. A no-disturbance buffer zone shall be established and work shall be scheduled to avoid impacting the nest
during critical periods. To the extent feasible, no work shall occur within 500 feet of the nest while it is in
active use. If work would occur within 500 feet of the
nest, then construction shall be monitored daily by a
qualified biologist to ensure no disturbance occurs to
the nest;
ii. A biological monitor shall conduct weekly monitoring of the nest during construction activities;
iii. The biologist may halt construction activities if they determine that the construction activities are disturbing the nest. CDFW shall be consulted prior to re- initiation of activities that may disturb the nest; and
iv. If at any time during preconstruction surveys or project implementation an active Swainson’s hawk nest (used
for breeding in the last 5 years) is found in a tree
requiring removal, CDFW will be consulted to
determine the need for a CESA ITP.
g) Implement Mitigation Measures 3.6-3(a) and 3.6 -3(b).

3.6-3: Construction of the proposed
project could impact valley elderberry
longhorn beetle.

Mitigation Measure 3.6-2(a) (TPI - FWTP/SRWTP, EUU-
FWTP/SRWTP, SRWI-Existing/New): The following
measures shall be implemented for avoided elderberry
shrubs:
i. Activities that may damage or kill an elderberry shrub (e.g., trenching, paving, etc.) shall have an avoidance area of at least 20 feet from the dripline of the elderberry shrub. ii. All areas within 165 feet of an elderberry shrub to be avoided during construction activities shall be fenced using high visibility construction fencing, followed by silt fencing, as close to construction limits as feasible. The silt fencing shall be installed to prevent migration of soils into the protected zone around the elderberry shrubs.
iii. A qualified biologist shall provide training for all contractors, work crews, and any onsite personnel on the status of the VELB, its host plant and habitat, the need to avoid damaging the elderberry shrubs, and the possible
penalties for non-compliance.
iv. During work within 165 feet of any elderberry shrub, a qualified biologist shall monitor the work area on a weekly basis to ensure that all avoidance and minimization
measures are implemented. Time spent onsite will be
sufficient to verify that no damage to elderberry shrubs has occurred, to ensure that protective fencing is in place and in good working order, and to coordinate any concerns
with the client/contractor.
v. As much as feasible, all activities that occur within 165 feet of an elderberry shrub shall be conducted outside the flight season of the VELB (March – July).
vi. Herbicides shall not be used within the dripline of any elderberry shrub. Insecticides shall not be used within 98 feet of an elderberry shrub. All chemicals shall be applied using a backpack sprayer or similar direct application
method.
vii. Mechanical weed removal within the dripline of an
elderberry shrub shall be limited to the season when adults are not active (August – February) and shall avoid
damaging the elderberry.

The following measures shall be implemented for avoided elderberry shrubs.

TPI - FWTP/SRWTP, EUU-

FWTP/SRWTP, SRWI-
Existing/New
City of Sacramento and
Qualified Biologist
Prior to and during project
construction.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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Mitigation Measure 3.6-2(b) (TPI - FWTP/SRWTP, EUU-
FWTP/SRWTP, SRWI-Existing/New): The following measures
shall be implemented for elderberry shrubs which cannot be avoided:
i. If elderberry shrubs cannot be avoided, or if indirect effects would result in death of the shrub, elderberries shall be transplanted. Where possible, the elderberry shrubs shall be relocated as close as possible to their original location.

If not possible, the shrub may be transplanted to a
USFWS-approved mitigation site.
ii. A qualified biologist shall be on-site for the duration of transplanting activities to assure compliance with
avoidance and minimization measures and other
conservation measures.
iii. Exit-hole surveys shall be completed immediately before transplanting. The number of exit holes found, GPS
location of the plant to be relocated, and the GPS location of where the plant is transplanted shall be reported to the USFWS and to the CNDDB.
iv. Elderberry shrubs shall be transplanted when the shrubs are dormant (November through the first two weeks in
February) and after they have lost their leaves.

Transplanting during the non-growing season will reduce shock to the shrub and increase transplant ation success. v. Transplanting shall follow the most current version of the ANSI A300 (Part 6) guidelines for transplanting.
vi. Trimming shall occur between November and February
and should minimize the removal of branches or stems
that exceed 1 inch in diameter.
vii. In addition to transplanting, mitigation credits at a USFWS - approved bank shall be purchased whenever direct
impacts cannot be avoided to elderberry shrubs. All
elderberry shrubs in the project areas and with potential to be directly impacted are non-riparian. Directly impacted non-riparian elderberry shrubs with exit holes present or directly impacted non-riparian elderberry shrubs located within 165 feet of elderberry shrubs with exit holes present shall be mitigated using the compensation ratio outl ined in Table 3.6-5, based on the USFWS Framework (USFWS,
2017):

TABLE 3.6-5

VALLEY ELDERBERRY LONGHORN BEETLE

SHRUB-LEVEL IMPACT COMPENSATION
Habitat Compensation
Ratio1
If the entire shrub
will be removed2
Non-riparian (exit holes
present on or within 165
feet of project site)
1:1 Transplant the shrub
+ 1:1 compensation

1. number of credits: number of shrubs trimmed

2. One credit (unit) = 1,800 square feet or 0.041 acre

The following measures shall be implemented for elderberry shrubs which cannot be avoided

TPI - FWTP/SRWTP, EUU-

FWTP/SRWTP, SRWI-
Existing/New
City of Sacramento and
Qualified Biologist
Prior to and during project
construction.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities
Mitigation Measure 3.6-2(c) (TP): After the location of the potable water transmission pipelines are known, and prior to commencement of construction (e.g. ground disturbing
activities, materials staging, demolition activities), a survey for elderberry shrubs will be conducted of the pipe line alignment and areas within 165 feet. If no elderberry shrubs with diameter at ground level of one inch are found, no further measures will be required. If elderberry shrubs with at least one stem with a diameter at ground level of one inch or greater are found, Mitigation Measure 3.6-2a shall be implemented.

A survey for elderberry shrubs will be conducted of the pipeline alignment and areas within 165 feet.

If elderberry shrubs with at least one stem with a diameter at ground level of one inch or greater are found, Mitigation Measure 3.6-2a shall be implemented.

TP City of Sacramento After the location of the
potable water transmission
pipelines are known, and
prior to commencement of
construction.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

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3.6-5: Construction of the proposed
project could impact riparian habitat.

Mitigation Measure 3.6-3(a) (SRWI – Existing/New):
i. Tree removal shall be minimized to the extent possible. ii. Prior to the removal of any protected tree as defined by City Code 12.56, the City shall submit a tree removal
permit application for the removal of protected trees and comply with all conditions of any issued permit.
iii. Removal of riparian trees along the Sacramento River resulting from project implementation will be mitigated in one of the following ways:
• Purchase mitigation credits at a 3:1 ratio of
replacement credits to acreage of permanently
impacted riparian habitat at a CDFW-approved
mitigation or conservation bank for riparian habitat.
• Replant removed trees 4 inches diameter at breast
height (DBH) or greater located in the riparian habitat with native riparian tree species at a 3:1 replacement to loss ratio within the riparian habitat onsite or other
suitable riparian habitat located in Sacramento County.

A replanting plan shall be prepared and submitted to
CDFW and the City of Sacramento for approval prior to
removal of riparian trees.

Submit a tree removal permit application for the removal of protected trees and comply with all conditions of any issued permit.

Mitigate for removal of riparian trees.

SRWI – Existing/New City of Sacramento Prior to the removal of any protected tree.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities
Mitigation Measure 3.6-3(b) (SRWI - Existing/New):
i. High-visibility fencing shall be erected at the edge of the project footprint to prevent encroachment into unpermitted areas by construction equipment and personnel. Trucks
and other vehicles will not be allowed to park beyond the fencing, nor shall equipment be stored beyond the fencing.

No vegetation removal or ground disturbing activities will be permitted beyond the fencing.
ii. After project work is completed, any temporary fill and construction debris will be removed, and temporarily
disturbed areas will be restored to pre-project or better conditions. Before restoration, all non- biodegradable
materials will be removed. Restorat ion may include
recontouring disturbed areas to their original
configurations.

High-visibility fencing shall be erected at the edge of the project footprint.

Any temporary fill and construction debris will be removed, and temporarily disturbed areas will be restored to pre-project or better conditions.

SRWI – Existing/New City of Sacramento and
Contractor
During construction and after
project work Is completed.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

3.6-7: Construction of the proposed
project could result in net reduction of
waters of the U.S. as defined in Section
404 of the Clean Water Act and State
jurisdictional waters.

Mitigation Measure 3.6-4(a) (SRWI - New):
i. All fueling and maintenance of vehicles and other
equipment and staging areas shall occur in designated
areas away from any water body.
ii. Diesel fuel and oil shall be used, stored, and disposed of in accordance with standard protocols for handling hazardous materials. All personnel involved in the use of hazardous materials shall be trained in emergency response and spill control.
iii. All concrete washing and spoils dumping shall occur in a designated location away from any water body.
iv. Construction stockpiles shall be covered within 24 hours of a weather event to prevent blow-off or runoff during weather events.
v. All excavated material will be placed in previously disturbed upland areas where it will not be subject to regular flooding. vi. Erosion control measures shall be placed in areas that are upslope of aquatic habitat to prevent any soil or other materials from entering aquatic habitat. Silt fencing and natural/biodegradable erosion control measures (i.e., straw wattles and hay bales) shall be used.
vii. Turbidity curtains, temporary barriers, or similar methods shall be used during in-channel work to control silts and sediments.

Contractor shall implement required measures to avoid impacts to jurisdictional waters
SRWI – Existing/New Contractor During project construction City of Sacramento Department of Utilities

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viii. Areas temporarily disturbed on the banks of the
Sacramento River will be revegetated and reseeded with
native grasses and other native herbaceous annual and
perennial species or as specified by USACE. Reseeded
areas will be covered with a biodegradable erosion control fabric to prevent erosion and downstream sedimentation.

The project engineer will determine the specifications
needed for erosion control fabric (e.g., sheer strength) based on anticipated maximum flow velocities and soil
types.
ix. The City shall purchase mitigation credits at a USACE - approved mitigation bank for placement of fill in the
Sacramento River, as required by the 404 permit.

Alternatively, the City could contribute to the USACE in-lieu fee program.

Mitigation Measure 3.6-4(b) (TP): After the location of the potable water transmission pipelines are known, and prior to commencement of construction (e.g. ground disturbing
activities, materials staging, demolition activities), a survey will be conducted to map wetlands and waters potentially subject to USACE and State jurisdiction along the pipeline alignment. If no wetlands and waters potentially subject to USACE and State jurisdiction are found, no further measures will be required. If wetlands and waters potentially subject to USACE and State jurisdiction are found, Mitigation Measure 3.6- 4a would be implemented.

A survey will be conducted to map wetlands and waters
potentially subject to USACE and State jurisdiction along the pipeline alignment.

If wetlands and waters potentially subject to USACE and State jurisdiction are found, Mitigation Measure 3.6- 4a would be implemented.

TP City of Sacramento After the location of the
potable water transmission
pipelines are known, and
prior to commencement of
construction.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

3.6-9: Construction of the proposed
project could conflict with local policies
protecting trees.

Mitigation Measure 3.6-5 (ALL): Implement Mitigation
Measure 3.6-3(a).

See Mitigation Measure 3.6-3(a). All See Mitigation Measure

3.6-3(a).

See Mitigation Measure

3.6-3(a).

See Mitigation Measure

3.6-3(a).

3.7 Cultural Resources

3.7-1: Construction of the proposed
project could cause a substantial
adverse change in the significance of a
historical resource.

Mitigation Measure 3.7-1(a) (TPI-SRWTP): Any proposed new project construction within 200 feet of contributing elements of the SRWTP (including the Pump House, Coagulant Building, or Head House buildings) shall be designed in compliance with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, specifically the standards for rehabilitation and new construction within a historic district. While the SRWTP is considered an individual historical resource and not a historic district, the discontiguous nature of the contributing buildings on the property makes it appropriate to treat them under these standards. Standards 9 and 10 for Rehabilitation state that:

Standard 9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction will not destroy historic materials, features, and spatial relationships that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the historic materials, features, size, scale and proportion, and massing to protect the integrity of the property and its environment.

Standard 10. New additions and adjacent or related new
construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that, if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

The new construction design shall be consistent with these standards. In addition to compliance with the above, the City shall ensure that any new construction involving the design of a new building shall not have a significant impact on the SRWTP’s contributing resources or its features and characteristics. The City of Sacramento Preservation Director, or the Commission, as appropriate per Preservation Development Project Site Plan & Design Review requirements of Title 17 of the City Code, shall review any proposed project’s site plan and design to ensure its compatibility with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards.

Any proposed new project construction within 200 feet of contributing elements of the SRWTP shall be designed in compliance with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties.

TPI-SRWTP City of Sacramento Prior to project construction City of Sacramento Department of Utilities

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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Mitigation Measure 3.7-1(b) (TPI-SRWTP): Vibration during construction could cause the physical destruction, damage, or alteration of susceptible historic properties. The PPV is defined as the maximum instantaneous positive or negative peak of the vibration and is often used in monitoring of vibration because it is related to the stresses experienced by structures. The FTA building damage thresholds typically applied and described in the City of Sacramento 2035 Gener al Plan Master
Environmental Impact Report are 0.2 PPV for historic buildings and 0.5 PPV for non-historic buildings. To mitigate vibration related damage to historical resources, the proposed project shall include measures to limit exposure of historic buildings to less than 0.2 PPV to prevent building damage.
i. Pre-Construction:
a. To assist with measures regarding impacts to historical resources, the City and construction contractor shall
solicit input and review of plan components from a
person(s) who meets the Secretary of the Interior’s
Professional Qualification Standards for A rchitectural History, and, as appropriate, an architect that meets
the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standard for Historic Architect. These qualification
standards are defined in Title 36 Code of Federal
Regulations Part 61.
b. A conditions assessment report including photos and
narrative descriptions of current conditions of the Pump House, Coagulant Building, and Head House shall be
completed. This includes photos of existing damage
and other material conditions present on or at the
surveyed buildings. Images of interior conditions shall be included if possible. Photos in the report shall be
labeled in detail and dated.
c. The construction contractor shall determine the
number and placement of vibration receptors at the
affected historic buildings in consultation with the
consulting architectural historian and/or architect. The number of units and their locations shall take into
account proposed construction activities so that
adequate measurements can be taken illustrating
vibration levels during the course of the project, and
if/when levels exceed the established threshold.
ii. During Demolition and Construction:
a. The construction contractor shall collect vibration data from receptors and report vibration levels to the City
Preservation Director or their environmental staff on a monthly basis. The reports shall include annotations
regarding project activities as necessary to explain
changes in vibration levels, along with proposed
corrective actions to avoid vibration levels approaching or exceeding the established threshold.
b. With regards to historic structures, if vibration levels exceed the threshold and monitoring or inspection
indicates that the project is damaging the building, the historic building shall be provided additional protection or stabilization. If necessary, the construction
contractor shall install temporary shoring or
stabilization to help avoid permanent impacts.

Stabilization may involve structural reinforcement or
corrections for deterioration that would minimize or
avoid potential structural failures or avoid accelerating damage to the historic structure. Stabilization shall be conducted following the Secretary of the Interior’s
Standards Treatment of Preservation. This treatment
shall ensure retention of the historical resource’s
Include measures to limit exposure of historic buildings to less than 0.2 PPV to prevent building damage.

TPI-SRWTP City of Sacramento and
Contractor
Prior to, during and after
project construction.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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character-defining features. Stabilization may
temporarily impair the historic integrity of the building's design, material, or setting, and as such, the
stabilization must be conducted in a manner that will
not permanently impair a building's ability to convey its significance. Measures to shore or stabilize the
building shall be installed in a manner that when they
are removed, the historic integrity of t he building
remains, including integrity of material.
iii. Post-Construction:
a. Following completion of planned construction activities within 100 feet of the contributing elements of the
SRWTP, the City (and its construction contractor) shall provide a report to the City Preservation Director or
their environmental staff regarding vibration monitoring conducted during demolition and construction. In
addition to a narrative summary of the monitoring
activities and their findings, this report shall include photographs illustrating the post-construction state of material conditions that were presented in the pre-
construction assessment report, along with images of
other relevant conditions showing the impact, or lack of impact, of project activities. The photographs shall
sufficiently illustrate damage, if any, caused by the
project and/or show how the project did not cause
physical damage to the historic and non- historic
buildings. The report shall include annotated analysis of vibration data related to project activities, as well as summarize efforts undertaken to avoid vibration
impacts.
b. The City (and its construction contractor) shall be
responsible for repairs from damage to historic
buildings if damage is caused by vibration during the
demolition and/or construction activities. Repairs may
be necessary to address, for example, physical
damage visible in post-construction assessment, or
holes or connection points that were needed for
shoring or stabilization. Repairs shall be directly related to project impacts and will not apply to general
rehabilitation or restoration activities of t he buildings.

Repairs on historic structures shall be conducted in
compliance with the Secretary of the Interior Standards Treatment of Historic Properties. The City shall provide the City Preservation Director or their environmental
staff for review and comment both a work plan for the
repairs and a completion report to ensure compliance
with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards.

Mitigation Measure 3.7-1(c) (TPI-SRWTP): Prior to demolition and construction, the City shall prepare a Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS)-like recordation package for the SRWTP to be filed with the City’s Preservation Office and Center for Sacramento History. The HABS -like document shall be prepared by a qualified architectural historian, historic architect, or historic preservation professional who satisfies the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for History, Architectural History, or Architecture, pursuant to 36 CFR 61. This document shall record the hi story of the SRWTP, its contributing architecture, and detail the important events or other significant contributions to the patterns and trends of history with which the property is associated, as appropriate.

The SRWTP physical condition, both historic and current, shall be documented through design plans; historic maps and
photographs; large format photographs; and written data.

SRWTP’s contributing elements and character -defining
features, specifically the Pump House, Head House, Coagulant Prepare a Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) -like recordation package for the SRWTP to be filed with the City’s Preservation Office and Center for Sacramento History .

The completed HABS-like documents shall be sent to the City as well as tote the Center for Sacramento History .

TPI-SRWTP City of Sacramento
Qualified Architectural
Historian, Historic Architect,
or Historic Preservation
Professional
Prior to demolition and
construction.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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Building, West Filter Building and Filters, Sedimentation Basin 1, the 5-MG Clearwell, as well as the property Beaux Arts setting and contextual views shall be documented. The completed HABS-like documents shall be sent to the City as well as tote the Center for Sacramento History. The original intake facility has already been subject to HAER recordation in 2003, which can be appended or incorporated into the current HABS
package and does not need to be redocumented as part of this mitigation.

Mitigation Measure 3.7-1(d) (TPI-SRWTP): Following
completion of Mitigation Measure 3.7-1(c), the City or its qualified contractor, shall create and install an interpretive exhibit discussing the historic significance of the SRWTP. This exhibit shall be publicly accessible, such as an informational kiosk or a website and installation of a temporary exhibit (in the Public Library or City Hall). The exhibit will be created using information previously compiled in the HABS -like recordation package, as well as information and materials compiled in consultation with the City’s Preservation Commission in order to determine the ideal format, informational content, and installation location of the interpretive exhibit.

Create and install an interpretive exhibit discussing the historic significance of the SRWTP.

TPI-SRWTP City of Sacramento
Qualified Professional
Architectural Historian
Following completion of
Mitigation Measure 3.7-1(c).

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities
Mitigation Measure 3.7-1(e) (TP):
i. Following identification of the project footprint associated with the proposed potable water transmission pipelines
and associated construction activities, the City shall
engage a professional architectural historian meeting the U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards to review the proposed project for historical resources located adjacent to or intersecting the alignment or its associated elements.

This will include a records search at the NCIC of the
CHRIS, and initial reconnaissance survey for all project components that involve ground disturbance or alterations to buildings dating 50 years or older. If no resources
previously determined eligible or unevaluated resources dating 50 years or older are identified, no further measures are needed.
ii. If the architectural historian determines that known historical resources or potentially eligible historic age buildings or structures may be impacted by project
construction, the City shall re-route the pipeline alignment to avoid identified historic resources.
iii. If the alignment cannot be re-routed to avoid adversely effecting an identified historic resource, a Historic
Resource Evaluation Report (HRER) shall be completed.

This report shall include the results of an intensive survey, identification of known historical resources within or
adjacent to the project footprint, and recordation/ evaluation of all previously unrecorded potential historical resources within the study area. In the unlikely event that proposed project activities shall directly or indirec tly impact historical resources identified in the HRER, additional mitigation measures such as project redesign, resource protection
plans, or HABS/HAER recordation would be recommended
and implemented as appropriate. The HRER detailing the
results of the research and impact analysis shall be
prepared and submitted for review by the City and a final draft shall be submitted to the NCIC.

Engage a professional architectural historian meeting the U.S.

Secretary of the Interior’s Standards to review the proposed project for historical resources located adjacent to or intersecting the alignment or its associated elements .

If the architectural historian determines that known historical resources or potentially eligible historic age buildings or structures may be impacted by project construction, the City shall re-route the pipeline alignment to avoid identified historic resources.

If the alignment cannot be re-routed to avoid adversely effecting an identified historic resource, a Historic Resource Evaluation Report (HRER) shall be completed.

The HRER detailing the results of the research and impact analysis shall be prepared and submitted for review by the City and a final draft shall be submitted to the NCIC.

TP City of Sacramento
Qualified Professional
Architectural Historian
Following identification of the
project footprint associated
with the proposed potable
water transmission pipelines
and associated construction
activities
City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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3.7-2: Construction of the proposed
project could cause a substantial
adverse change in the significance of an
archaeological resource.

Mitigation Measure 3.7-2(a) (ALL):
i. If pre-contact or historic-era archaeological resources are encountered during project construction and
implementation, all construction activities within 100 feet shall halt and the City shall be notified. Pre -contact archaeological materials might includ e obsidian and chert flaked-stone tools (e.g., projectile points, knives, scrapers) or toolmaking debris; culturally darkened soil (“midden”) containing heat-affected rocks, artifacts, or shellfish food remains from precontact populations; and stone millin g equipment (e.g., mortars, pestles, handstones, or milling slabs); and battered stone tools, such as hammerstones
and pitted stones. Historic-age materials might include stone, concrete, or adobe footings and walls; filled wells or privies; and archaeological deposits of metal, glass, and/or ceramic refuse indicating historic period refuse. An
archaeologist meeting the U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Archeology shall inspect the findings within 24 hours of discovery.
ii. If the City determines that the resource qualifies as a historical resource or a unique archaeological resource (as defined pursuant to the CEQA Guidelines) and that the
project has potential to damage or destroy the resource, mitigation shall be implemented in accordance with PRC
Section 21083.2 and CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.4,
with a preference for preservation in place.
iii. If avoidance is not feasible, the City shall consult with appropriate Native American tribes (if the resource is pre - contact), and other appropriate interested parties to
determine treatment measures to avoid, minimize, or
mitigate any potential impacts to the resource pursuant to PRC Section 21083.2, and CEQA Guidelines
Section 15126.4. This shall include documentation of the resource and may include data recovery (according to
PRC Section 21083.2), if deemed appropriate, or other
actions such as treating the resource with culturally
appropriate dignity and protecting the cultural character and integrity of the resource (according to PRC
Section 21084.3).

Cease work within 100 feet if discovery is made and notify the project’s City representative
All City of Sacramento
Qualified Archeologist
Contractor
During project construction City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities
Mitigation Measure 3.7-2(b) (ALL): Before any ground-
disturbing and/or construction activities, an archaeologist meeting or under the supervision of an archaeologist meeting the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Archeology shall conduct a training program for all construction and f ield personnel involved in ground disturbance. Native American tribal representative(s) associated with compliance with Mitigation Measures 3.18-1(a) through (c) will be invited to participate in the training program. On -site personnel shall attend mandatory pre-project training that shall outline the general archaeological sensitivity of the area and the
procedures to follow in the event an archaeological resource and/or human remains are inadvertently discovered. A traini ng program shall be established for new project personnel before they begin project work.

Conduct a training program for all construction and field personnel involved in ground disturbance.

All City of Sacramento
Qualified Archeologist
Contractor
Prior to any ground-
disturbing and/or
construction activities.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities
Mitigation Measure 3.7-2(c) (ALL):
i. Following 30 percent design of the underground utility installation plans, the City shall engage an archaeologist that meets the U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Archeology to conduct a records search at the NCIC of the CHRIS for all project components that require ground disturbance (i.e., excavation, trenching, grading, etc.) in areas that have not been reviewed as part of the project - level analysis.

Engage a qualified archaeologist to conduct a records search at the NCIC of the CHRIS for all project components that require ground disturbance in areas that have not been
reviewed as part of the project-level analysis.

All City of Sacramento
Qualified Archeologist
Following 30 percent design
of the underground utility
installation plans.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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ii. If the archaeologist determines that known cultural resources or potential archaeologically sensitive areas may be impacted by the project, a pedestrian survey must be conducted under the supervision of a qualified
archaeologist of all accessible portions of the project area, if one has not been completed within the previous five
years. A cultural report detailing the results of the research shall be prepared and submitted for review by the City and a final draft shall be submitted to the NCIC. Once the
report has been approved by the City, the City may issue appropriate permits.
iii. Additional research, including subsurface testing or monitoring during construction may be required to identify, evaluate, and mitigate impacts to archaeological
resources, as recommended by the qualified
archaeologist. If avoidance is not feasible, the C ity shall consult with California Native American tribes identified by the NAHC to be affiliated with the proposed project area (if the resource is pre-contact or indigenous) and the tribal representative(s) associated with compliance with
Mitigation Measure 3.18-1(a), to determine treatment
measures to avoid, minimize, or mitigate any potential
impacts to the resource pursuant to PRC Section 21083.2 and CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.4. This shall include documentation of the resource and may include data
recovery (according to PRC Section 21083.2), if deemed
appropriate, or other actions such as treating the resource with culturally appropriate dignity and protecting the
cultural character and integrity of the resource (according to PRC Section 21084.3).

3.7-3: Construction of the proposed
project may disturb human remains,
including those interred outside of
designated cemeteries.

Mitigation Measure 3.7-3 (ALL): Procedures of conduct
following the discovery of human remains have been mandated by Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5, PRC Section
5097.98 and the California Code of Regulations Section
15064.5 (CEQA). According to the provisions in CEQA, if human remains are encountered, the City shall ensure that all work in the immediate vicinity of the discovery shall cease and necessary steps are taken to ensure the integrity of the immediate area. The Sacramento County Coroner shal l be notified immediately. The Coroner shall then determine
whether the remains are Native American. If the Coroner determines the remains are Native American, the Coroner shall notify the NAHC within 24 hours, who will, in turn, notify the person the NAHC identifies as the Most Likely Descendant (MLD) of any human remains. Further actions shall be
determined, in part, by the desires of the MLD. The MLD has 48 hours to make recommendations regarding the di sposition of the remains following notification from the NAHC of the discovery. If the MLD does not make recommendations within 48 hours, the landowner shall, with appropriate dignity, reinter the remains in an area of the property secure from further disturbance.

All work in the immediate vicinity of the discovery shall cease and necessary steps are taken to ensure the integrity of the immediate area.

All City of Sacramento
Qualified Archeologist
Contractor
During project construction. City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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3.11 Hazards and Hazardous Materials

3.11-6: Construction of the proposed
project could impair implementation of
or physically interfere with an adopted
emergency response plan or emergency
evacuation plan.

Mitigation Measure 3.11-1 (ALL): Prior to the start of
construction, the construction contractor shall prepare a Traffic Control Plan in accordance with City of Sacramento Municipal Code Sections 12.20.020 and 12.20.030 that shall be subject to review and approval by the City of Sacramen to Utilities Department, in consultation with local emergency service providers including the City of Sacramento Fire and Police departments. The plan shall ensure that acceptable operating conditions on local roadways are m aintained. A copy of the approved Traffic Control Plan shall be submitted to local emergency response agencies, and these agencies shall be notified at least 30 days before the commencement of
construction that would partially or fully obstruct roadways. A t a minimum, the plan shall include:
(a) The number of truck trips, time, and day of street closures. (b) Time of day of arrival and departure of trucks.
(c) Limitations on the size and type of trucks, provision of a staging area with a limitation on the number of trucks that can be waiting.
(d) Provision of a truck circulation pattern.
(e) Identification of detour routes and signing plan for street closures.
(f) Provision of driveway access plan so that safe vehicular, pedestrian, and bicycle movements are maintained (e.g., steel plates, minimum distances of open trenches, and
private vehicle pick up and drop off areas).
(g) Identification of safe and efficient access routes for emergency vehicles and transit.
(h) Manual traffic control when necessary.
(i) Proper advance warning and posted signage concerning street/lane closures.
(j) Provisions for pedestrian and bicycle safety.

Prepare a Traffic Control Plan.

A copy of the approved Traffic Control Plan shall be submitted to local emergency response agencies, and these agencies shall be notified at least 30 days before the commencement of construction that would partially or fully obstruct roadways.

All City of Sacramento Prior to start of construction. City of Sacramento Department of Utilities

3.14 Noise and Vibration

3.14-1: Construction of the proposed
project could generate a substantial
temporary or permanent increase in
ambient noise levels in excess of
standards established in the local
general plan or noise ordinance, or
applicable standards of other agencies.

Mitigation Measure 3.14-1 (ALL): The City shall require contractors to implement the measures below, as a condition of contract, to avoid and minimize temporary and short -term construction noise effects on sensitive receptors. These measures will be implemented during construction, to avo id and minimize temporary and short-term construction noise effects on sensitive receptors:
(a) All construction activity on the project sites shall comply with the provisions of City Code Chapter 8.68 relating to noise between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.

Monday through Saturday, and between the hours of
9:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on Sunday. Construction outside of these hours would require approval by the Director of Community Development or their designee that the
construction noise mitigation measures would be adequate to prevent excessive noise disturbance of affected
residential uses. Because it is anticipated that certain construction activities (such as pipeline work outside the treatment plants at major street intersections) may require work outside normally permitted construction hours (e.g., overnight), such construction activities would be allowed, subject to conditions of approval, including performance standards, imposed by the City to limit noise impacts.

Implement noise measures All City of Sacramento
Contractor
During project construction. City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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(b) All construction equipment shall be equipped with noise - reduction devices, such as mufflers, to minimize
construction noise, and all internal combustion engines will be equipped with exhaust and intake silencers, in
accordance with manufacturers’ specific ations.
(c) The use of bells, whistles, alarms, and horns will be restricted to safety warning purposes only.
(d) Excessive noise-generating activities such as concrete cutting and pile driving shall be conducted during daytime hours only.
(e) Impact tools shall be restricted to daytime construction hours.
(f) Impact tools and equipment that are particularly loud (e.g., concrete saws) shall have the working area/impact area
shrouded or shielded, with intake and exhaust ports on
power equipment muffled or suppressed. The use of
temporary or portable, application-specific noise shields or barriers, or temporary construction barriers adjacent to or at the boundary of the construction area may be necessary to reduce associated noise levels.
(g) Stationary noise-generating equipment such as air
compressors or portable power generators shall be located as far as possible from sensitive receptors. Temporary
noise barriers shall be constructed, if needed, to screen stationary noise-generating equipment when located near adjoining noise-sensitive land uses.

3.14-3: Construction of the proposed
project could generate excessive
groundborne vibration or groundborne
noise levels.

Mitigation Measure 3.14-2 (EUU-FWTP – storm drainage
improvements only, SRWI-Existing/New, TP) : The City shall require contractors to implement the following measures at work sites within 90 feet of sensitive receptors during project construction to avoid and minimize the effects of temporary and short-term construction-related groundborne vibration on sensitive receptors.
(a) Equipment shall be operated as far away as practical from vibration-sensitive receptors.
(b) As a condition of the construction contract, compaction activities shall be limited to the hours of 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. when work is within 90 feet of a sensitive land use. (c) Where practicable, contractors use smaller vibratory rollers to minimize vibration levels during compaction activities where needed to meet vibration standards.

Implement vibration measures at work sites within 90 feet of sensitive receptors.

EUU-FWTP – storm
drainage improvements only,
SRWI-Existing/New, TP
City of Sacramento
Contractor
During project construction. City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

3.17 Transportation

3.17-5: Construction of the proposed
project could result in inadequate
emergency access.

Mitigation Measure 3.17-1 (ALL): Implement Mitigation
Measure 3.11-1.

See Mitigation Measure 3.11-1. All See Mitigation Measure

3.11-1.

See Mitigation Measure

3.11-1.

See Mitigation Measure

3.11-1.

3.18 Tribal Cultural Resources

3.18-1: Implementation of the proposed
project may cause a substantial adverse
change to tribal cultural resources
Mitigation Measures 3.18-1(a) (ALL): Prior to Ground-
Disturbing Activities, the City shall require the contractor to provide a tribal cultural resources sensitivity and awareness training program (Worker Environmental Awareness Program [WEAP]) conducted by a qualified archaeologist or
representative from a culturally affiliated tribe for all personnel involved in project construction, including field consultants and construction workers in conjunction with Mitigation Measure

3.7-2(b). The WEAP will be developed in coordination with the culturally affiliated Tribe. The WEAP shall be conducted before any project-related construction activities begin at the project site. The WEAP will include relevant information regarding sensitive tribal cultural resources, including applicable regulations, protocols for avoidance, and consequences of violating State laws and regulations.

Provide a tribal cultural resources sensitivity and awareness training program
All City of Sacramento
Contractor
Qualified Archeologist
Prior to ground-disturbing
activities.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

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The WEAP will also describe appropriate avoidance and
impact minimization measures for tribal cultural resources that could be located at the project site and will outline what to do and who to contact if any potential tribal cultural resources are encountered. The WEAP will emphasize the requirement for confidentiality and culturally appropriate treatment of any discovery of significance to Native Americans and will discuss appropriate behaviors and responsive actions, consistent with Native American tribal values.

Mitigation Measure 3.18-1(b) (ALL): If any suspected TCRs or resources of cultural significance to Native American Tribes, including but not limited to features, anthropogenic/ cultural soils, cultural belongings or objects (artifacts), shell, bone, shaped stones or bone, or ash/charcoal deposits are
discovered by any person during construction activities including ground disturbing activities, all work shall pause immediately within 100 feet of the find, or an agreed upon distance based on the project area and nature of the find. Work shall cease in and within the immediate vicinity of the find regardless of whether the construction is being actively monitored by a qualified Tribal Monitor, cultural resources specialist, or professional archaeologist.

A representative from the culturally affiliated Tribe and the proposed project’s City representative shall be immediately notified, and the representative from the culturally affiliated Tribe in coordination with the City’s representative shall determine if the find is a TCR (PRC Section 21074) and the representative from the culturally affiliated Tribe shall make recommendations for further evaluation and treatment as necessary.
i. Further evaluation and treatment of an identified TCR may include but is not limited to:
a. identification of the boundaries of the new TCR;
b. recordation of the resource;
c. if feasible, appropriate preservation in place and
avoidance measures, including redesign or
adjustments to the existing construction process, and
long-term management; or
d. if avoidance is infeasible, a reburial location in
proximity of the find where no future disturbance is
anticipated. Permanent curation of TCRs shall not take
place unless approved in writing by the culturally
affiliated Tribe.
ii. The construction contractor(s) shall provide secure, on-site storage for culturally sensitive soils or objects that are components of TCRs that are found or recovered during
construction. Only representatives from the culturally
affiliated Tribe shall have access to the storage. Storage size shall be determined by the nature of the TCR and can range from a small lock box to a conex box (shipping
container). A secure (locked), fenced area can also
provide adequate on-site storage if larger amounts of
material must be stored.
iii. The construction contractor(s) and the City, in consultation with the culturally affiliated Tribe shall facilitate the respectful reburial of the culturally sensitive soils or objects. This includes providing a reburial location that is consistent with the culturally affiliated Tribe’s preferences, excavation of the reburial location, and assisting with the reburial, upon request.

All work shall pause immediately within 100 feet of the find, or an agreed upon distance based on the project area and nature of the find. Work shall cease in and within the immediate vicinity of the find regardless of whether the construction is being actively monitored by a qualified Tribal Monitor, cultural resources specialist, or professional archaeologist.

A representative from the culturally affiliated Tribe and the proposed project’s City representative shall be immediately notified, and the representative from the culturally affiliated Tribe in coordination with the City’s representative shall determine if the find is a TCR and the representative from the culturally affiliated Tribe shall make recommendations for further evaluation and treatment as necessary .

All City of Sacramento
Contractor
Qualified Tribal Monitor,
Cultural Resources
Specialist, or Professional
Archaeologist
During construction that
involves ground disturbance.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 19 ESA / D201800874.01 MMRP February 2026
Impact Mitigation Measure Action(s) Component Implementing Party Timing Monitoring and Reporting
Party
iv. Any discoveries shall be documented on a Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) 523 form within 2 weeks of
the discovery and submitted to the appropriate CHRIS
center in a timely manner.
v. Work at the TCR discovery location shall not resume until authorization is granted by the City in coordination with the culturally affiliated Tribe.
vi. If articulated or disarticulated human remains, or human remains in any state of decomposition or skeletal
completeness are discovered during construction
activities, the City of Sacramento Coroner and the
culturally affiliated Tribe shall be contacted im mediately.

Upon determination by the City of Sacramento County
Coroner that the find is Native American in origin, the Native American Heritage Commission will assign the
Most Likely Descendent who will work with the City to
define appropriate treatment and disposition of the burials.

Mitigation Measure 3.18-1(c) (ALL): The following measures shall be implemented to assist with identification of TCRs at the earliest possible time during proposed project construction- related activities that involve ground disturbance :
i. The City of Sacramento, or the designated construction project manager, shall reach out to and retain the services of a qualified Tribal Monitor(s) in a reasonable amount of time prior to initiating any proposed project construction- related ground disturbing activities. The schedule of
construction-related ground disturbing activities shall be made available to the identified qualified Tribal Monitor so that the monitoring schedule can be coordinated.
ii. Prior to initiating monitoring activities, the qualified Tribal Monitor(s) shall participate in all required on -site safety training and shall comply with all required safety
measures, including wearing required safety gear while on the construction site.
iii. A qualified Tribal Monitor(s) shall monitor project construction-related ground disturbing activities including vegetation grubbing, stripping, grading, trenching, and other ground disturbing activities in the project area. All project construction related ground disturbing activities, including rebuild or previously disturbed, shall be subject to Tribal Monitoring unless otherwise determined
unnecessary by the qualified Tribal Monitor.
iv. The qualified Tribal Monitor(s) in coordination with the City of Sacramento and the designated contracted construction project manager r shall have the authority to direct that work be temporarily paused, diverted, or slowed within 100 feet of the immediate impact area if sites, cultural soils, or objects of potential significance are identified. The
temporary pause/diversion shall be of an adequate
duration for the culturally affiliated Tribal representative to be notified and to examine the resource and determine the appropriate treatment of the identified TCR consistent with the measures included in Mitigation Measure 3.18 -1(b).

Reach out and retain the services of a qualified Tribal Monitor(s) and coordinate as required by the mitigation measure
All City of Sacramento
Contractor
Qualified Tribal Monitor,
Cultural Resources
Specialist, or Professional
Archaeologist
During construction that
involves ground disturbance.

City of Sacramento
Department of Utilities

3.20 Wildfire

3.20-1: Construction of the proposed
project could potentially impair an
adopted emergency response plan or
emergency evacuation plan.

Mitigation Measure 3.20-1 (ALL): Implement Mitigation
Measure 3.11-1.

See Mitigation Measure 3.11-1. All See Mitigation Measure

3.11-1.

See Mitigation Measure

3.11-1.

See Mitigation Measure

3.11-1.

NOTES:

1. This BMP for idling specifically applies to diesel-powered equipment. Non-diesel vehicles are not required to limit idling time.

2. This BMP specifically applies to diesel-powered equipment.

4. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 20 ESA / D201800874.01 Final Environmental Impact Report January 2026

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City of Sacramento
Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and
Improvements Project
PRELIMINARY PROJECT DESIGN
REPORT
FINAL | February ͮͬͮͲ

Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project

PRELIMINARY PROJECT DESIGN REPORT
FINAL | FebruaryͮͬͮͲ
Digitally signed by Jason Davis
Contact Info: Carollo Engineers, Inc.

Date: 2026.02.24 13:55:48-07'00'
CITY OF SACRAMENTO | WATER+ TREATMENT PLANTS RESILIENCY AND IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT |PRELIMINARY PROJECT DESIGN REPORT FINAL| FEBRUARY ͮͬͮͲ | i
Contents
1 Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project 1 2 Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant 1
ͮ.ͭ Introduction  ͭ
ͮ.ͮ Water Quality ͯ
ͮ.ͮ.ͭ Raw Water Quality ͯ
ͮ.ͮ.ͮ Finished Water Quality Goals Ͱ
ͮ.ͯ Water Supply  Ͱ
ͮ.ͯ.ͭ Source Water / New Intake Ͱ
ͮ.ͯ.ͮ Finished Water Distribution ͱ
ͮ.Ͱ Water Treatment ͱ
ͮ.Ͱ.ͭ Overview ͱ
ͮ.Ͱ.ͮ Civil Site Improvements ͳ
ͮ.Ͱ.ͯ Raw Water Blending & Pretreatment ͳ
ͮ.Ͱ.Ͱ Flocculation and Sedimentation ʹ
ͮ.Ͱ.ͱ Ozone  ʹ
ͮ.Ͱ.Ͳ Filters  ͵
ͮ.Ͱ.ͳ Finished Water Storage ͵
ͮ.Ͱ.ʹ Finished Water Pumping ͵
ͮ.Ͱ.͵ Chemical Storage and Feed ͭ ͬ
ͮ.Ͱ.ͭͬ Solids Handling ͭ ͭ
ͮ.Ͱ.ͭͭ Plant Hydraulics ͭ ͭ
ͮ.Ͱ.ͭͮ Support Facilities ͭ ͭ
3 Fairbairn Water Treatment Plant 12
ͯ.ͭ Introduction  ͭͮ
ͯ.ͮ Water Quality ͭ Ͱ
ͯ.ͮ.ͭ Raw Water Quality ͭ Ͱ
ͯ.ͮ.ͮ Finished Water Quality Goals ͭ ͱ
ͯ.ͯ Water Supply ͭ ͱ
ͯ.ͯ.ͭ Source Water/New Intake ͭ ͱ
ͯ.ͯ.ͮ Finished Water Distribution ͭ ͱ
CITY OF SACRAMENTO | WATER+ TREATMENT PLANTS RESILIENCY AND IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT |PRELIMINARY PROJECT DESIGN REPORT FINAL| FEBRUARY ͮͬͮͲ | ii
ͯ.Ͱ Water Treatment ͭ ͱ
ͯ.Ͱ.ͭ Overview ͭ ͱ
ͯ.Ͱ.ͮ Civil Site Improvements ͭ ͱ
ͯ.Ͱ.ͯ Pretreatment ͭ ͱ
ͯ.Ͱ.Ͱ Flocculation and Sedimentation ͭ Ͳ
ͯ.Ͱ.ͱ Ozone ͭ Ͳ
ͯ.Ͱ.Ͳ Filters  ͭͲ
ͯ.Ͱ.ͳ Finished Water Storage ͭ ͳ
ͯ.Ͱ.ʹ Finished Water Pumping ͭ ͳ
ͯ.Ͱ.͵ Chemical Storage and Feed ͭ ͳ
ͯ.Ͱ.ͭͬ Solids Handling ͭ ʹ
ͯ.Ͱ.ͭͭ Plant Hydraulics ͭ ʹ
ͯ.Ͱ.ͭͮ Support Facilities ͭ ͵
4 Schedule 19
5 Conclusion 19
Tables
Table ͭ  General Water Quality for Raw Water Feeding SRWTP (ͮͬͭͱ‐ͮͬͮͱ) ͯ Table ͮ  SRWTP Existing Chemicals Summary ͭ ͬ
Table ͯ  General Water Quality for Raw Water Feeding FWTP (ͮͬͭͱ‐ͮͬͮͱ) ͭ Ͱ Table Ͱ  FWTP Existing Chemicals Summary ͭ ͳ
Figures
Figure ͭ  SRWTP Site Plan ͮ
Figure ͮ  Final Treatment Process at SRWTP Ͳ
Figure ͯ  FWTP Site Plan ͭ ͯ
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Abbreviations
µg/L  micrograms per liter
City  City of Sacramento
CT  chlorine contact
DBP  disinfection byproducts
DBPs  disinfection byproducts
DDW  California Division of Drinking Water
FWTP  E.A. Fairbairn Water Treatment Plant
FWW  Filter Waste Washwater
GAC   Granulated activated carbon
HSPS  High Service Pump Station
I‐ ͱ  Interstate ͱ
MCL  maximum contaminant levels
MG  million gallons
mg/L  milligrams per liter
mgd  million gallons per day
MIB  methylisoborneol
MOSAC  Museum of Science and Curiosity
ng/L  nanogram per liter
NL  notification level
NTU  Nephelometric Turbidity units
PAC  powdered activated carbon
PFAS  polyfluoroalkyl substances
PWS
Qty
public water system
quantity
RL  response level
SDWA
SMUD
Safe Drinking Water Act
Sacramento Municipal Utilities District
SRWTP  Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant
T&O  taste and odor
TOC  total organic carbon
TON  threshold odor number
Water+
Project
Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project CITY OF SACRAMENTO | WATER+ TREATMENT PLANTS RESILIENCY AND IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT |PRELIMINARY PROJECT DESIGN REPORT FINAL | FEBRUARY ͮͬͮͲ | ͭ
1 Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project The City of Sacramento (City) owns and operates water treatment and distribution facilities that provide drinking water to nearly half a million customers in a ͭͬͬ‐square‐mile service area. The facilities include two surface water treatment plants: Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant (SRWTP) and E. A. Fairbairn Water Treatment Plant (FWTP).

The Water+ Program is aligned with the ͮͬͮͱ General Plan which details several areas for improvement including increased water supply and treatment capabilities to meet future water demands, regional collaboration, and improved resiliency for emergencies and water drought conditions. The Water+ Treatment Plants Resiliency and Improvements Project (Water+ Project) within the Water+ Program focuses on the resiliency and expanded treatment capacity needs of the treatment plants, which this design report focuses on. This project has several goals including:
 Replace aging infrastructure reaching the end of its effective life.  Increase plant resiliency to address changing water quality in both the American and Sacramento River (e.g., increased temperatures, wildfires, flooding, droughts, chemical spills), supply chain challenges, and site security.
 Improve safety of City staff and the public by converting chlorine gas to sodium hypochlorite for disinfection, moving chemicals further from public streets, and improving the finished water quality.  Expand treatment capacity to align with the City’s ͮͬͮͬ Urban Water Management Plan.

Other projects within the Water+ Program, such as water transmission mains, will be part of separate environmental assessments and design reports not incorporated herein. 2 Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant

2.1 Introduction
The SRWTP was originally constructed in ͭ͵ͮͰ as a conventional water treatment facility and has undergone several hydraulic capacity and process upgrades over its ͭͬͮ‐year history. Its current permitted treatment capacity is ͭͮͬ million gallons per day (mgd) in the winter months and ͭͲͬ mgd in the summer months.

SRWTP is located south of the confluence of the Sacramento and American Rivers in Sacramento, California. SRWTP operates as a public water system (PWS ID No. ͯͰͭͬͬͮͬ) through the California State Division of Drinking Water (DDW).

The Water+ Project includes increasing the treatment capacity at SRWTP from ͭͲͬ mgd to ͯͭͬ mgd of treated water from the Sacramento River in several phases with the initial phase increasing treatment capacity to ͮͯͱ mgd. Project elements include a new river intake structure, hydraulic expansion of the current conventional treatment plant processes, new treatment processes where necessary to meet finished water quality goals, and replacement of aging infrastructure. Figure ͭ shows the existing and planned improvements at SRWTP.

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Figure ͭ  SRWTP Site Plan

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2.2 Water Quality

2.2.1 Raw Water Quality
SRWTP is located approximately ͬ.Ͱ miles downstream of the confluence of the Sacramento River and American River. The Sacramento River is the longest river in California, starting with headwaters in the mountains of northern California and flowing through large agricultural areas before reaching the San Francisco Bay. The American River is significantly shorter with less agricultural impact, so any impacts of herbicides or related chemicals would be reduced.

The water quality constituents that are a concern for SRWTP include total organic carbon (TOC), disinfection byproducts (DBPs), taste and odor (T&O) causing compounds, synthetic organic contaminants (e.g., pesticides), and coliforms. All these constituents (except coliforms) consist of carbon‐based compounds.

Increasing discovery of their occurrence and impact in the water treatment industry has risen in recent years (e.g., algal toxins and perfluoroalkyl substances – [PFAS]). In recent years, observations of the water quality from the Sacramento River have noted seasonal swings in DBPs, T&O compounds and algal toxins. PFAS compounds have not been detected in the Sacramento River. While the State has not required elevated disinfection requirements in the SRWTP operational permit, the concentrations of coliforms in the Sacramento River are high and could be more closely monitored in the future. The Water+ Project improvements related to disinfection and advanced oxidation will help address such concerns.

Table ͭ summarizes water quality parameters for the raw water at SRWTP.

Table ͭ  General Water Quality for Raw Water Feeding SRWTP (ͮͬͭͱ‐ͮͬͮͱ) Constituent (ͭ)  Units  Average  Min  Max

GENERAL
Alkalinity  mg/L CaCOͯ  ͱͭ  ͮͬ  ʹʹ
Bromide  mg/L  ͬ.ͭ  ͬ.ͬͭ  ͬ.ͯ
Hardness  mg/L CaCOͯ  ͱͬ  ͯͱ  ͳͲ
Manganese  µg/L  ͮͰ  <ͮͬ  ͮͱ.ʹ
pH  SU ͳ .Ͳ  ͳ .ͬ  ʹ .ͭ
Temperature  C  ͭ͵  ͳ  ͯͱ
Total Dissolved Solids  mg/L  ʹͲ  ͯͳ  ͭͯʹ
Total Organic Carbon  mg/L  ͮ.ͭ  ͭ.ͭ  Ͳ.Ͳ
Turbidity  NTU ͭ ͬ   ͭ .ͳ  ͮͱͬ
UV‐ͮͱͰ  UVA/cm  ͬ.ͬͳ  ͬ.ͬͰ  ͬ.Ͳͱ

BIOLOGICAL
Total Coliform  MPN  ͮͬ͵ͯ  ͮͮ  ͮͰ,ͭ͵ͮ
E. Coli  MPN ʹ ͵   ͮ   ͯ ,Ͱͬͬ

CYANOTOXINS
Anatoxin‐A  µg/L ͬ .ͬͮ  ͬ .ͬͮ  ͬ .ͬ͵
Cylindrospermopsin  µg/L  <ͬ.ͬͱ  <ͬ.ͬͱ  <ͬ.ͬͱ
Microcystin‐YR  µg/L  <ͬ.ͭ  <ͬ.ͭ  ͬ .ͮͰ
Nodularins  µg/L  <ͬ.ͭ  <ͬ.ͭ  <ͬ.ͭ
TASTE & ODOR
Threshold Odor Number  TON  ͱ.Ͳ  <ͭ.ͬ  ͭͰ
Geosmin  ng/L ͳ   <ͯ  ͭͲ
MIB  ng/L  ʹ  <ͱ  ͭͰ
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2.2.2 Finished Water Quality Goals
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of ͭ͵ͳͰ established primary drinking water regulations for the distribution of safe drinking water. Subsequent regulations were passed that focused on specific contaminants or treatment techniques to continue improving the quality of drinking water. California DDW holds primacy for compliance of drinking water standards. Limits on contaminants are established through a variety of means including maximum contaminant levels (MCLs), notification levels (NL), response levels (RL), or treatment techniques.

Finished water quality goals helped to direct and focus the evaluation of treatment processes when looking at the resiliency improvements as well as the expansion of SRWTP. Currently SRWTP operates with internal goals and process setpoints that result in the facility being in compliance with existing DDW regulations. In general, the City’s goal is to have the ability to produce a similar finished water quality from both SRWTP and FWTP in order to provide a consistent water quality across the distribution system. Currently, the finished water from SRWTP and FWTP has moderately high levels of disinfection‐by‐products that are still below the MCL but higher than preferred. There have been periods where DBPs have been slightly higher at one plant than the other because of the different source waters. The plants have noticed seasonal increases in algal toxins and taste and odor causing compounds. The City developed the following updated finished water quality goals to address these concerns:
 DBPs: Reduce and align levels between both plants.
 Algal Toxins: Reduce levels of cylindrospermopsin, microcystin, and anatoxin‐A by ͵ͬ percent.  T&O: Reduce levels of geosmin and ͮ methylisoborneaol (MBI) by ͵ͬ percent.

Plant improvements and process alternatives discussed in the following sections were selected based on the ability to achieve these finished water quality goals.

2.3 Water Supply

2.3.1 Source Water / New Intake
SRWTP is fed by an existing river intake and pump station in the Sacramento River. The intake is located less than half a mile south of the confluence of the Sacramento and American Rivers. A pier‐type bridge deck allows access from the land out onto the existing intake facility located in the river. A second river intake is proposed as a part of this project immediately downstream of the original intake (out‐of‐service) in the Sacramento River and upstream of the existing intake. The new intake will include tee screens offshore and a pump station on the adjacent riverbank. The screens will be located in a low spot in the Sacramento River to provide for resiliency in the event of low river levels such as during drought conditions. The option of the pump station on the riverbank will reduce the footprint in the river and improve access for staff.

Multiple intake options were considered including replacing the original intake, expanding the existing intake, or constructing a new intake at various locations. The option of locating near the original intake using a submerged river intake (tee screens) and pump station on the riverbank offered the following advantages:
 Close proximity to SRWTP.
 Deeper water access for screens during low river levels.  Similar water quality as at the existing intake.
 Redundancy with a second intake and pump station as separate structures from the existing intake and pump station.
 Limited impact to existing facilities for ease of construction and preservation of the original intake which is a historical structure.

CITY OF SACRAMENTO | WATER+ TREATMENT PLANTS RESILIENCY AND IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT |PRELIMINARY PROJECT DESIGN REPORT FINAL | FEBRUARY ͮͬͮͲ | ͱ
 Reduced environmental impact to river and aquatic life.

The new submerged intake will also require a new pipeline to convey water from the intake to SRWTP facilities. Different alignments for the pipeline were considered with the proposed alignment being north of SMUD’s Museum of Science and Curiosity (MOSAC) building, through Jibboom Street, under Interstate ͱ (I‐ ͱ), and through Bercut Drive before reaching SRWTP. This alignment was selected for improved constructability and reducing the amount of pipeline running parallel to the levee. Additional smaller‐ diameter pipelines will be constructed to aid in the removal of built‐up grit during routine maintenance activities in both the new and existing intakes.

The proposed new intake facilities at buildout will consist of the following major upgrades:
 New Intake Screens and Screen Cleaning System – Provides water during drought conditions and minimizes environmental impact.
 New Pump Station – Minimizes environmental impact and facilitates access due to location along riverbank.
 New Pipelines – Offers redundant raw water line to SRWTP and grit removal line for cleaning pump station.
 Improvement of Existing Intake Frontage – Repairs to access drive area for the existing intake to address issues associated with localized settling.

2.3.2 Finished Water Distribution
Water is pumped into the distribution system from SRWTP at the High Service Pump Station (HSPS) with an existing capacity of ͭͲͬ mgd and leaves the treatment plant through two primary transmission lines. With the expansion of SRWTP, additional transmission lines are needed to address critical hydraulic constrictions.

A second HSPS is planned north of the existing HSPS with several new transmission lines leaving SRWTP site. The location and details of these new transmission mains will be included in a separate design report.

2.4 Water Treatment

2.4.1 Overview
SRWTP is a conventional water treatment facility, meaning it uses a combination of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection to provide clean, safe drinking water for public consumption. Raw water is pumped from the existing intake facility to the treatment plant site, after which it flows by gravity through the rest of the treatment processes. Raw water is pre‐chlorinated before entering the grit basin and then travels to the flash mix structure where coagulant is added. Water then flows through a flocculation process to increase the size of the particles before entry into the sedimentation basins where most of the solids settle. Water is subsequently filtered through dual‐media filters and flows into the chlorine contact (CT) basin, where additional chlorine, fluoride, and lime are added for disinfection, fluoride addition, and corrosion control, respectively. SRWTP has three reservoirs (͵.ͱ million gallons [MG], ͯ.ͬ MG, and ͱ.ͬ MG) used for finished water storage before the high‐service pump station sends water into the distribution system for customers.

Sacramento Municipal Utilities District (SMUD) provides electrical service to the plant. A diesel generator provides partial backup electrical service. Solids processing at the plant is performed for waste solids collected in the sedimentation basins and Filter Waste Washwater (FWW) basins. These solids are processed through gravity thickeners, mechanical dewatering, and drying areas before final disposal at a landfill.

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Although the existing treatment plant meets existing regulations, it does not yet meet the future finished water quality goals previously outlined. Several new water treatment processes were considered to help address the City’s future finished water quality goals and include the following:
 Ballasted sedimentation – An alternative clarification process to replace existing flocculation/ sedimentation infrastructure to reduce treatment process footprint.  Granulated activated carbon (GAC) – Carbon beds located downstream of filters to effectively absorb organic compounds and taste and odor constituents.  Biologically active filters – Similar to existing filters but operated to include biological‐removal of dissolved organic compounds through the filters (not just physical removal of solids.)  Powdered activated carbon (PAC) – Chemical feed of carbon slurry upstream of sedimentation to remove organic compounds and T&O constituents.
 Enhanced coagulation – Additional chemical pretreatment targeting pH adjustments to improve precipitation of organic compounds that would not otherwise coagulate and settle.  Alternative preoxidants – Chlorine dioxide, sodium or calcium hypochlorite, or permanganate added before flocculation/sedimentation to reduce disinfection byproducts.  Ion exchange – Suspended media bed before flocculation/sedimentation to reduce TOC and absorb other organic contaminants of concern.
 Aeration – Post treatment in finished water storage reservoirs to remove DBPs and increase dissolved oxygen.

Used alone or in conjunction with other processes, these alternate treatment options were not carried forward for a variety of issues, including costs, complexity, solids management and disposal, and ease of integration into existing processes and site. The existing treatment process has efficiently used the available space at the site, and the proposed addition of intermediate ozone treatment will address many of the predictable future water quality challenges.

The Water+ Project will continue with the existing treatment process but with the addition of intermediate ozone as shown in Figure ͮ. With the expanded treatment capacity to ͯͭͬ mgd, SRWTP will need a new intake, pump station, and blending structure to mix water from the two river intakes.

Figure ͮ  Final Treatment Process at SRWTP

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2.4.2 Civil Site Improvements
Site modifications are planned to allow for treatment expansion, stormwater management, and improved site access and security. Storm drainage improvements will help attenuate peak flows and include a combination of on‐site retention and storage as well as pumping facilities. One of several storm drain lines leaving the site will be replaced with a new line connecting to a recently constructed Ͳͬ‐inch storm drain line in Summit Tunnel Avenue. The existing storm drain line that will be replaced is reaching the end of its useful life.

The proposed civil site improvements at buildout will consist of the following major upgrades:
 Additional surge tanks – Protects distribution system piping from pressure surges.  Subsurface electrical duct banks, process lines, and equipment vaults – Improves protection, resiliency, and access for maintenance.
 Retaining walls – Allows adjustment of site elevations to reduce flood risk of critical infrastructure, improve access, and provide a usable space for new facilities.  New access gates (Summit Tunnel Avenue and Bannon Street) ‐ Provides safer access for larger trucks and additional flexibility during gate maintenance or restrictions (such as construction).  Additional on‐site parking– Provides additional parking for staff and installation of electric charging stations.
 New storage facilities – Replaces aged storage areas with new facilities.

2.4.3 Raw Water Blending & Pretreatment
SRWTP treatment process currently begins with grit basins, chemical addition, flash mixing, and flow control, which together are considered pretreatment processes. With the addition of a second river intake, it is possible to have different water qualities for the raw water coming into the plant. A raw water blending system is proposed to allow sufficient mixing of raw water from both intakes to improve water quality consistency across the treatment trains and simplify the corresponding process control.

A second grit basin is proposed to increase the capacity of grit separation to support the new ͯͭͬ mgd treatment capacity. Sand and other heavy particles settle out in the grit basins, which improves the performance of subsequent treatment steps. The solids removed are sent through a grit classifier and then hauled to a landfill. The new grit basin would largely match the existing grit basin for ease of operation and standardization.

Chemical addition systems will also need to be expanded to increase the treatment capacity to ͯͭͬ mgd. A second chemical dosing facility will provide redundancy and flexibility for maintenance outside of plant shutdown periods. Following chemical flash mixing, the process water splits between available flocculation and sedimentation trains.

The proposed raw water blending and chemical pretreatment facilities at buildout will consist of the following major upgrades:
 New Raw Water Blending System – Promotes consistent influent water quality and process control.  New Grit Basin – Matches existing basins, increases plant capacity, and improves flexibility in operations and shutdown.
 New Chemical Pretreatment – Matches existing chemical mixing, increases capacity, and provides flow control.

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2.4.4 Flocculation and Sedimentation
After chemical pretreatment, process water is routed to the flocculation and sedimentation basins. In flocculation, the water is gently mixed, which causes particles to join together into larger particles that are heavy enough to settle out in the sedimentation process. The settled solids are blown down and sent to the gravity thickeners for additional processing.

The proposed sedimentation basins are shorter to allow sufficient footprint for adding the new ozone system immediately downstream. This reduced footprint can be achieved while maintaining performance by adding plate settlers in the sedimentation basins. With proper chemical pretreatment and flocculation, plate settler performance is often as good, if not better than, conventional sedimentation basins. The proposed sedimentation basins are deeper to facilitate use of plates and existing sludge collection system. Alternative basin depths and equipment were evaluated but the proven performance with the existing sludge collection system and improved access with more space under the plates favored deeper basins.

In order to increase treatment capacity up to ͯͭͬ‐mgd, an additional four flocculation and sedimentation basins will be constructed.

The proposed flocculation and sedimentation facilities at buildout will consist of the following major upgrades:
 New Flocculation Basins (quantity [Qty] = Ͱ) – Matches existing basins, increases plant capacity, and improves flexibility in operations and shutdown.
 New Sedimentation Basins (Qty = Ͱ) – Optimizes available space on site with plate settlers and increases plant capacity.

2.4.5 Ozone
Ozone is a new treatment process proposed for SRWTP. As a strong oxidant, ozone is a chemical used in water treatment with a range of benefits including enhanced disinfection of microbiological contaminants, oxidation of metals, and reduction of various organic compounds (e.g., DBP precursors, taste and odor compounds, algal toxins, and emerging contaminants). Ozone is generated on‐site using oxygen gas and electricity. The ozone gas is added to the water in a covered basin (or contactor) to safely contain and fully utilize the ozone.

Ozone may be added at the head of the plant before flocculation/sedimentation basins (pre‐ozonation), between the flocculation/sedimentation basins and filters (intermediate ozonation), or post‐filtration (post‐ ozonation). Intermediate ozone was selected to provide flexibility for continued use of prechlorination, maximize benefit of ozone oxidation on settled water, integrate with the existing hydraulic profile of the plant, and reduce the costs of integration and operation.

The proposed ozone facilities at buildout will consist of the following major upgrades:
 New Ozone Contactors (Qty = ʹ) – Matches flocculation and sedimentation basins and provides flexibility for routing water and shutdowns.
 New Ozone Buildings – Secures ozone generation equipment in a safe enclosure.  New storage and feed area for calcium thiosulfate – Quenches (or destroys) remaining ozone gas for improved process control and increased staff safety.
 New Liquid Oxygen Tanks (Qty = Ͱ)– Improves ozone generation efficiency and provides reliable supply of high‐purity feed gas.

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2.4.6 Filters
Filters are the next step in the treatment process. Filters remove much of the remaining solids after sedimentation. Existing filters utilize a dual media bed of anthracite coal over sand. Filters are backwashed periodically to remove buildup of solids in the media. Filter backwash water is sent to FWW basins.

The filter media will be modified from the use of anthracite media to the use of GAC in both the new and existing filters. GAC is recommended to improve uptake of organic contaminants downstream of ozone and promote biological activity.

Operations would be able to adjust disinfection in pretreatment stages to increase the biological activity of the filters to further increase removal of organics made more biologically available due to ozone oxidation.

In order to increase treatment capacity up to ͯͭͬ mgd, an additional ͭͲ filters will be constructed for a total of ͯͮ filters.

The FWW basins allow for settling of solids in the filter backwash water before being recycled to the front of the plant. The FWW basins will be replaced with three new basins that will be designed to address space limitations and accommodate the additional capacity needed for the ͭͲ additional filters.

The proposed filters at buildout will consist of the following major upgrades:
 New Filters (Qty = ͭͲ) – Matches existing filters, increases plant capacity, and improves flexibility in operations and shutdown.
 New Filter Media – Improves organics removal in existing and new filters.  New Filter Waste Washwater Basins (Qty = ͯ) – Increases storage volume, improves solids removal, and optimizes plant recycle flow.

2.4.7 Finished Water Storage
After filtration, chlorine is added before treated water enters the final process in the Concentration Time Basin (CT Basin) for disinfection. After the CT basin, treated water is stored in reservoirs until needed in the distribution system. The existing finished water storage includes three reservoirs (a.k.a. clearwells). Two of the existing reservoirs are reaching the end of their useful life and will be replaced with new, larger reservoirs in the same location for better resiliency and operational flexibility.

In order to increase the treatment capacity up to ͯͭͬ‐mgd, a second CT Basin will be constructed adjacent to the larger of the reservoirs.

The proposed finished water storage at buildout will consist of the following major upgrades:
 New CT basin – Matches existing basins, increases plant capacity, and improves flexibility in operations and shutdown.
 New ͱ MG and ͭͯ MG Finished Water Reservoirs – Increases storage, improves flexibility in operations and during maintenance, increases resiliency, addresses seismic issues with existing reservoirs, and improves stormwater flow across the plant site.  Modified Res. No. ͯ Outlet – Increases usable storage.

2.4.8 Finished Water Pumping
Finally, treated water is pumped to the distribution system using the HSPS. A second HSPS will be needed to increase the operational capacity of the treatment plant in order to distribute the increased volume of treated water into the distribution system. The new HSPS will largely match the existing pump station for CITY OF SACRAMENTO | WATER+ TREATMENT PLANTS RESILIENCY AND IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT |PRELIMINARY PROJECT DESIGN REPORT FINAL | FEBRUARY ͮͬͮͲ | ͭͬ
standardization and ease of operation. Finished water pumping capabilities will be expanded to include low flow pumping for better operational control during lower demand periods as well as during plant shutdown and startup related maintenance activities.

2.4.9 Chemical Storage and Feed
SRWTP requires various chemicals to optimize the treatment process. Details about these chemical systems are summarized in Table ͮ.

Table ͮ  SRWTP Existing Chemicals Summary
Chemical  Typical
Concentrations  Location  Purpose  Other Chemical Names Alum  ͯͬ‐Ͳͬ%   Coagulation
Building  Coagulant   Aluminum Sulfate,
Liquid Alum
Caustic   ͮͬ‐ͱͬ %   Coagulation
Building
pH balance with alum,
low alkalinity waters
Caustic Soda, Sodium
Hydroxide
Gaseous
Chlorine  ͵͵.ͱ%  Chemical Building  Pre‐chlorination,
disinfection/CT  Chlorine gas
Fluoride ͮ ͯ ‐ ͮ ͱ %  Chemical Building  Fluoride in
distribution system
Fluorosilicic Acid,
Hydrofluorosilicic Acid
Lime  ͵ͬ‐͵͵%  Chemical Building
pH adjustment and
corrosion control
(dosed as slaked lime)
High Calcium
Quicklime, Dry Lime
Polymer,
Anionic  ͭͬͬ% (dry)  Dewatering
Building  Dewatering aid ‐
Polymer,
Nonionic  ͭͬͬ% (dry)  Chemical Building  Floc/sed aid  ‐ Polymer,
Cationic  ͭͬͬ% (emulsion)  Coagulant
Building  Coagulant aid ‐
The chemical facilities will also need to be expanded to increase the treatment capacity to ͯͭͬ mgd.

Different options were considered for disinfection for improved resiliency, including continuing to use chlorine gas, or changing to the use of bulk delivery and storage of hypochlorite, or on‐site generation of hypochlorite. Bulk delivery and storage of sodium hypochlorite was selected for its additional safety over gaseous chlorine, multiple available suppliers, minimal footprint at build‐out, no generation of a waste brine, and similarity to other bulk chemicals currently used at SRWTP.

The proposed chemical facilities at buildout will consist of the following major upgrades:
 South Chemical Area – new alum and caustic bulk storage facility and metering building:
- New shade structure – Shifts tanks farther from property boundary and public roadway for improved public safety and reduces sun exposure with covering. - New tanks for caustic soda, alum, and cationic polymer – Improves redundancy and resiliency against chemical shortage or tank leakage.
- New metering pump building – Protects equipment and improves operation and maintenance due to close proximity to tanks and injection points.
 North Chemical Area:
- New shade structure for new sodium hypochlorite storage – Reduces sun exposure to equipment and reduces off gassing and chemical degradation.

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- Modifications to existing chemical building – Improves reliability of existing chemical feed systems and increases storage.
- Additional tanks and feed equipment for fluoride, lime, and nonionic polymer.

2.4.10 Solids Handling
Each treatment process described above removes solids from the raw water that requires final treatment so that it can be sent to a landfill. Solids handling is done primarily with a mechanical dewatering system including thickeners, homogenizing tanks, and centrifuges. The dewatered solids cake produced from the centrifuges is spread out in the sludge drying bed area to dry further before being hauled off to a landfill.

Sludge lagoons are used to store peak periods of solids production but have limited capacity for year‐round storage of solids.

The mechanical dewatering facilities will be expanded to process the additional solids produced when the plant treatment capacity is increased, including Ͳ additional gravity thickeners, Ͳ additional homogenizing tanks, and a second dewatering building with centrifuges. There is not sufficient footprint to expand the sludge lagoons, but they are intended to continue being used to hold solids during peak events and provide flexibility during maintenance of other basins.

The proposed solids handling facilities at buildout will consist of the following major upgrades:
 New thickeners (Qty = Ͳ) – Improve performance, flexibility, and increases plant capacity.  New dewatering building – Matches existing building but with additional equipment, increases plant capacity, and improves flexibility in operations and shutdown.  New homogenizing tanks (Qty = Ͳ) – Matches existing tanks, increases plant capacity, and improves flexibility in operations and shutdown.

2.4.11 Plant Hydraulics
The main treatment process at SRWTP operates via gravity flow. Pumps at the existing intake pump station lift water from the Sacramento River to the plant starting at the grit basin. From the grit basin, water flows through each treatment process until the finished water storage reservoirs. From the finished water storage reservoirs, high‐service pumps convey the treated water to and through the distribution system. Process water generally flows from south to north across the site. Several hydraulic control points allow either active (e.g., control valves) or passive (e.g., weirs/walls) control of water flow. SRWTP at buildout will continue with the same gravity flow regime and flow control measures. The solids handling system will be consistent with existing hydraulic measures with primarily gravity flow regimes and localized pump systems that move the heavier solids.

2.4.12 Support Facilities
Enhancement of WTP resiliency and expansion of treatment capacity will also require improvements to support facilities including a new Maintenance Building, a new Electrical & Instrumental Building, a second Electrical Building, electrical services from SMUD, and additional generators.

The existing Maintenance Building is used to service and repair equipment at SRWTP, and the building has reached the end of its useful life. The new Maintenance Building will include administrative spaces to expand administrative facilities for additional staff.

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Electrical services from SMUD will need to be upgraded and expanded to support power needs for the expanded treatment capacity and addition of ozone. A second electrical building will include electrical distribution equipment and an adjacent substation for expanded power needs. For additional resiliency to power outages, an additional five generators will be installed.

The proposed support facilities at buildout will consist of the following major upgrades:
 New Maintenance Building – Centralizes storage and maintenance activities and provides additional work and storage space.
 New emergency generators (Qty = ͱ) – Increases resiliency during power outage.  New Electrical Building ͮ – Expands electrical capacity for plant expansion and addition of new ozone treatment process.
 Additional electrical services – Expands electrical capacity and Increases resiliency to power outages.
3 Fairbairn Water Treatment Plant

3.1 Introduction
FWTP was constructed in ͭ͵Ͳͭ as a conventional water treatment facility and was last upgraded in ͮͬͭͰ. Its current permitted treatment capacity is ͵ͬ mgd in the winter months and ͭͮͬ mgd in the summer months, where the permitted water rights exceed current treatment capacity. Environmental agreements can limit withdrawals from the river to ͭͬͬ mgd during summer months based on river flows and temperatures.

Operationally the plant can treat ͭͬͬ mgd for short periods of time, with a reliable capacity of ʹͬ MGD due to existing limitations of plant facilities. FWTP is located on the south bank of the American River in Sacramento, California. FWTP operates as a public water system (PWS ID No. ͯͰͭͬͬͮͬ) through the California State DDW.

The Water+ Project includes improving the resiliency and reliability of FWTP so it can reliably treat ͭͬͬ mgd and be capable of treating ͭͮͬ mgd for short periods of time. There are no project expansion activities planned for FWTP. Project elements include hydraulic improvements of existing plant process units, new treatment processes where necessary to meet finished water quality goals, and replacement of aging infrastructure. Figure ͯ shows the planned improvements at FWTP.

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Figure ͯ  FWTP Site Plan

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3.2 Water Quality

3.2.1 Raw Water Quality
FWTP is located on the south bank of the American River approximately ʹ miles upstream of the confluence of the Sacramento River and American River.

As discussed for SRWTP in Section ͮ.ͮ.ͭ, there are a few water quality constituents that are a concern at FWTP including TOC, DBPs, T&O causing compounds, and coliforms. While the State has not required elevated disinfection requirements in the FWTP operational permit, the concentrations of coliforms in the American River are high and could be more closely monitored in the future. The Water+ Project improvements related to disinfection and advanced oxidation will help address such concerns.

Table ͯ summarizes water quality parameters for the raw water at FWTP.

Table ͯ  General Water Quality for Raw Water Feeding FWTP (ͮͬͭͱ‐ͮͬͮͱ) Constituent  Units  Average  Min  Max
Alkalinity  mg/L CaCOͯ  ͮͰ  ͭͱ  ͰͰ
Bromide  mg/L ͬ .ͭ  ͬ .ͭ  ͬ .ͭ
Hardness  mg/L CaCOͯ  ͮͲ  ͭͮ  ͰͲ
Manganese  µg/L ͮ ͯ   <ͮͬ  ͭͰͳ
pH  SU  ͳ.ͱ  Ͳ.ͯ  ʹ.Ͱ
Temperature  C ͭ Ͳ .ͱ  ͳ  ͮͱ
Total Dissolved Solids  mg/L  Ͱͳ  ͭ͵  ͵ͯ
Total Organic Carbon  mg/L ͭ .ͳ  ͭ .ͭ  ͯ .ͮ
Turbidity  NTU  ͭ.ʹ  ͬ.ͱ  ͱͯ
UV‐ͮͱͰ  UVA/cm ͬ .ͬͭ  ͬ .ͬ  ͬ .ͳ

BIOLOGICAL
Total Coliform  MPN ͭ Ͱ ʹ ͳ   ͮ ͬ   ͮ Ͱ ,ͭ͵ͮ
E. Coli  MPN  ͰͰ  ͭ.ͬ  ͭ,ͭͬͬ

CYANOTOXINS
Anatoxin‐A  µg/L  ͬ.ͬͯ  ͬ.ͬͮ  ͬ.ͮ
Cylindrospermopsin  µg/L  <ͬ.ͬͱ  <ͬ.ͬͱ  <ͬ.ͬͱ
Microcystin‐YR  µg/L  <ͬ.ͭ  <ͬ.ͭ  ͬ.ͭͰ
Nodularins  µg/L  <ͬ.ͭ  <ͬ.ͭ  ͬ .ͮ
TASTE & ODOR
Threshold Odor Number  TON ͯ .͵  <ͭ.ͬ  ʹ
Geosmin  ng/L  ͳ.Ͳ  <ͯ  ͮͲ
MIB  ng/L Ͳ .ʹ  <ͱ  ͮͮ
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3.2.2 Finished Water Quality Goals
Finished water quality goals for FWTP are consistent with SRWTP’s goal as discussed in Section ͮ.ͮ.ͮ.

3.3 Water Supply

3.3.1 Source Water/New Intake
FWTP is fed by an existing intake and pump station in the American River. The intake is located on the south bank of the American River, approximately ʹ miles upstream of the confluence of the Sacramento River and American River. A pier‐type bridge deck allows access from the land out onto the existing intake facility located in the river, where channels in the bridge convey water into the grit basin. No major modifications are planned to the intake.

3.3.2 Finished Water Distribution
Water is pumped into the distribution system from FWTP at the HSPS with an existing capacity of approximately ͮͬͬ mgd (sized based on original anticipated plant capacity in the ͭ͵Ͳͬ’s) and leaves the site through two primary transmission lines. No major modifications are planned to the HSPS or transmission lines.

3.4 Water Treatment

3.4.1 Overview
FWTP is a conventional water treatment facility, using the same treatment processes as SRWTP. FWTP will also have intermediate ozone added to the treatment process so that the level of treatment is standardized for both treatment plants and facilitate maintenance activities with similar equipment. FWTP final treatment process will match SRWTP except there is no need for intake mixing at FWTP since there is only one intake. To increase the reliable capacity of FWTP to ͭͬͬ mgd, FWTP will need to replace two of the existing failed sedimentation basins and associated filters with a new flocculation and sedimentation basin and four additional filters, for a site total of ͯ flocculation and sedimentations and ͭͮ filters.

3.4.2 Civil Site Improvements
Site modifications planned include storm drainage improvements for stormwater conveyance offsite and relocation of the main entry gate on the east. The storm drain pipeline along College Town Drive is currently undersized for FWTP and neighboring properties. The pipeline is planned to be replaced with a larger pipeline along College Town Drive from State University Avenue to Howe Avenue to accommodate the existing needs of the area. The main entry gate on EA Fairbairn Road is planned to be relocated further south of the existing entry gate to accommodate needed electrical upgrades while still maintaining the access drive for the nearby apartment complex.

3.4.3 Pretreatment
FWTP treatment process currently begins with grit basins, chemical addition, flash mixing, and flow control, which together are considered pretreatment processes. The existing grit basin may require some ancillary improvements related to mechanical and/or electrical components but no major structural modifications.

Similar mechanical and/or electrical improvements to the existing Influent Flow Meter Vault may be needed to support the replacement flocculation and sedimentation basin. This basin will also require new chemical pretreatment equipment that will be installed within existing facilities.

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The proposed pretreatment improvements consist of the following major upgrade:
 New Chemical Pretreatment System – Matches existing chemical mixing system and increases treatment capacity.

3.4.4 Flocculation and Sedimentation
The replacement of one of the failed flocculation and sedimentation basins will increase the reliable treatment capacity of FWTP. Modifications to the sedimentation effluent channel will improve the flow of process water to the new ozone facilities added downstream.

The proposed flocculation and sedimentation improvements consist of the following major upgrades:
 Replacement of one of the Flocculation and Sedimentation Basins – Expands capacity and increases flexibility in operations and shutdown.
 Modification of Existing Sedimentation Basin Effluent Channel – Improves flow to new ozone facility.
 Modifications to Existing Flocculation Basin Inlet Channel – Balances water distribution between basins.

3.4.5 Ozone
The ozone system equipment and facilities will match SRWTP for ease and consistency of maintenance and operation. There are site‐specific differences that will require some differences in the layout at FWTP compared to SRWTP. Hydraulic limitations for routing water from the sedimentation basins to ozone contactors and back to the filters may require the addition of an intermediate pump station. Further evaluation during preliminary and detailed design will determine if the pump station is required. If possible, the design will incorporate other modifications around the sedimentation basin effluent channel and influent channels of the filters to avoid the need for an intermediate pump station. Addition of an intermediate pump station would require additional power as well as space on the site to support the facility.

The proposed ozone facilities will consist of the following major upgrades:
 New Ozone Contactors (Qty = Ͱ) – Provides flexibility for routing water and shutdowns.  New Ozone Building – Secures ozone generation equipment in safe enclosure.  New storage and feed area for calcium thiosulfate – Quenches (or destroys) remaining ozone gas for improved process control and increased staff safety.
 New Liquid Oxygen Tanks (Qty = ͮ) – Improves ozone generation efficiency and provides reliable supply of high‐purity feed gas.

3.4.6 Filters
Replacement of four of the failed filters will increase the reliable treatment capacity of FWTP. Modifications to the filter influent channel will improve the flow of process water and provide flexibility related to bypassing ozone and shutdown for maintenance activities.

The filter media will be modified from the use of anthracite media to the use of GAC in both the replacement and existing filters. GAC is recommended to improve uptake of organic contaminants downstream of ozone and promote biological activity.

Operations would be able to adjust disinfection in pretreatment stages to increase the biological activity of the filters to further increase removal of organics made more biologically available due to ozone oxidation.

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Filters are periodically backwashed to remove built up contaminants. The existing backwash system uses a gravity system with a large tank to provide the necessary pressure, which can limit backwashing if the tank level drops. A new backwash supply pump station will be added to allow backwashing regardless of the tank level. A new constant head box will also be added to provide consistent backwash pressure, similar to the backwash system at SRWTP.

The filter waste washwater is sent to the FWW basins. No major modifications are planned to the FWW basins.

The proposed filter improvements will consist of the following major upgrades:
 Replacement of Filters (Qty = Ͱ) – Matches existing filters, increases plant capacity, and improves flexibility in operations and shutdown.
 New Filter Media – Improves organics removal in existing and new filters.  New Constant Head Box – Provides consistent backwash pressure to protect underdrain from breakage.
 New Backwash Supply Pump Station – Provides consistent and stable flows regardless of supply tank level.
 Modifications to Existing Filter Inlet Channel – Facilitates integration of new process (ozone) and increases flow capacity.

3.4.7 Finished Water Storage
FWTP has an existing CT Basin and two finished water reservoirs. No major structural improvements are planned for the finished water storage. Minor upgrades related to mechanical and/or electrical upgrades will occur.

3.4.8 Finished Water Pumping
Treated water is pumped to the distribution system using the High Service Pump Station. No major improvements are planned for finished water pumping.

3.4.9 Chemical Storage and Feed
FWTP requires various chemicals to optimize the treatment process. Details about these chemical systems are summarized in Table Ͱ.

Table Ͱ  FWTP Existing Chemicals Summary
Chemical  Typical
Concentrations  Location  Purpose  Other Chemical
Names
Alum  ͯͬ‐Ͳͬ%   Chemical Building  Coagulant   Aluminum Sulfate, Liquid Alum
Caustic   ͮͬ‐ͱͬ %    Chemical Building  pH balance with alum, low alkalinity waters
Caustic Soda, Sodium
Hydroxide
Gaseous
Chlorine  ͵͵.ͱ%  Chemical Building  Pre‐chlorination,
disinfection/CT  Chlorine gas
Fluoride ͮ ͯ ‐ ͮ ͱ %  Outside (Filters)  Fluoride in
distribution system
Fluorosilicic Acid,
Hydrofluorosilicic Acid
Lime  ͵ͬ‐͵͵%  Lime Building
pH adjustment and
corrosion control
(dosed as slaked lime)
High Calcium
Quicklime, Dry Lime
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Chemical  Typical
Concentrations  Location  Purpose  Other Chemical
Names
Polymer,
Anionic  ͭͬͬ% (dry)  Dewatering
Building  Dewatering aid ‐
Polymer,
Nonionic  ͭͬͬ% (dry)  Chemical Building  Floc/sed aid  ‐ Polymer,
Cationic  ͭͬͬ% (emulsion)  Chemical Building  Coagulant aid ‐ As discussed in Section ͮ.Ͱ.͵, bulk storage of hypochlorite was selected for disinfection for improved resiliency. The chlorine gas equipment will be removed, and the area repurposed for storage. The fluoride facility (including pumps and tanks) will need to be relocated to make room for the replacement of the existing failed filters and ozone facilities.

The proposed improvements to chemical facilities consist of the following major upgrades:
 New Hypochlorite Storage and Feed Facility:
- Removal of existing chlorine gas facilities and repurpose area for storage needs. - Removal of original lime silos to make space for new hypochlorite facilities. - New shade structure for new sodium hypochlorite storage‐ Reduces sun exposure to equipment and reduces off gassing and chemical degradation.
- New metering pump building – Protects equipment and improves operation and maintenance due to close proximity to tanks.
 Fluoride Facility:
- Removal of existing fluoride system – Provides space for new filters and ozone system. - New shade structure for fluoride tanks – Reduces sun exposure. - New metering pump building – Protect equipment and improves operation and maintenance due to increased clear space and setbacks.

3.4.10 Solids Handling
FWTP has an existing mechanical dewatering system with two thickeners, a dewatering building with centrifuges, sludge lagoons, and a drying area similar to SRWTP. The solids handling system has sufficient capacity to support the improvements proposed, and so no major changes are planned.

3.4.11 Plant Hydraulics
The main treatment process at FWTP operates via gravity flow. Pumps at the existing intake pump station lift water from the American River to the Grit Basin. From there, water flows through each treatment process until the finished water storage reservoirs. From the finished water storage reservoirs, high‐service pumps convey the treated water to and through the distribution system. Process water generally flows from north to south across the site. Several hydraulic control points allow either active (e.g., control valves) or passive (e.g., weirs/walls) control of water flow. The improvements at FWTP will continue with the same gravity flow regime and flow control measures, except that an intermediate pump station between ozone and the filters may be necessary as discussed in previous sections, and the introduction of filter backwash supply pumps similar to SRWTP. The solids handling system will be consistent with existing hydraulic measures with primarily gravity flow regimes and localized pump systems that move the heavier solids.

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3.4.12 Support Facilities
Improvements to support facilities at FWTP include a new Maintenance Storage Building, replacement of the existing Electrical Substation, a new Electrical Building, replacement of the existing generators and addition of a third generator, and new incoming electrical service lines from SMUD.

The proposed support facilities improvements consist of the following major upgrades:
 New Maintenance Storage Building – Provides space for other project elements, centralizes storage and maintenance activities.
 New Emergency Generators (Qty = ͯ) – Increase resiliency during power outage.  New Electrical Substation – Replaces aging existing substation, expands electrical capacity needed for plant improvements including ozone, and provides resiliency with two independent incoming electrical circuits.
 New Electrical Building – Replaces aging equipment, expands electrical capacity needed for plant improvements including ozone, and improves safety related to maintenance activities. 4 Schedule
Enhancing the raw water supply and treatment resiliency and expanding the treatment capacity is planned across several phases. The first phase will address critical infrastructure reaching the end of its useful life, convert chlorine gas to hypochlorite for disinfection, and add ozone to address finished water quality goals.

Additional phases through final buildout will add unit processes to expand raw water supply, and treatment plant capacity in conjunction with the City’s projected demands for potable water.

Phasing will be implemented in a manner to meet the following objectives:
 Efficiently use Water+ budget based on availability and plant priorities.  Coordinate normal plant operations and shutdowns with construction activities between SRWTP and FWTP.
 Maintain at least one plant in operation without major construction activities at any given time to reliably meet water demands.
 Prioritize resiliency and reliability upgrades of critical facilities prior to major expansion projects. 5 Conclusion
The Water+ Project will focus on improvements at both SRWTP and FWTP. The project will focus on following major areas of upgrades:
 Expand raw water supply, treatment capacity and finished water pumping capacity.  Replace aged infrastructure.
 Improve finished water quality.
 Increase resiliency against future water supply emergencies, droughts, and changing water qualities.
 Improve safety for City staff and the public.

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Major improvements at SRWTP include: the addition of new intake on the Sacramento River, replacement of chlorine gas with sodium hypochlorite, addition of ozone treatment facilities, replacement of the maintenance building, finished water reservoirs, and filter waste washwater basins, and expansion of all existing process facilities to support ͯͭͬ mgd of treatment capacity.

Major improvements at FWTP include: replacement of chlorine gas with sodium hypochlorite, addition of ozone treatment facilities, replacement of the maintenance storage, electrical building and associated electrical services and substation, and fluoride facilities, and replacement of flocculation and sedimentation and filter processes to increase the reliable treatment capacity to ͭͬͬ mgd.