“Provide a safe and reliable transportation network that serves all people and respects the environment.” System Planning is currently preparing a Comprehensive Multimodal Corridor Plan (CMCP) along all of State Route (SR 82) within San Mateo County, the SR 82 North CMCP. The purpose of this document will be to identify key needs and challenges in the corridor and develop a balanced and equitable transportation system that integrates multimodal mobility choices. In addition, this CMCP is being prepared in close coordination with the SamTrans-led, multi-agency Grand Boulevard Initiative (GBI) concurrently being conducted with all local cities along SR 82 within San Mateo County. Lastly, more specific to the Parks Master Plan location and consistent with GBI, SamTrans is also leading the Central El Camino Real (ECR) Multimodal Plan, a planning project being coordinated with the cities of San Mateo, Belmont, San Carlos, and Redwood City. The Central ECR Plan is aimed at providing multimodal transportation enhancements along this 8.5-mile portion of SR 82.
System Planning notes that some City parks identified for improvement in the Master Plan are in walking proximity to SR 82. As the IS/MND states, “the Plan intends to improve connectivity and provide opportunities for non-vehicular transportation through improvements to trail, cycling, and walking infrastructure.” These Master Plan goals are seemingly aligned with those of the SR 82 North CMCP, GBI, and Central El Camino Real Multimodal Plan. System Planning recommends that the City coordinate with Caltrans and SamTrans to ensure the Parks Master Plan is consistent with these ongoing planning efforts.
Thank you again for including Caltrans in the environmental review process. Should you have any questions regarding this letter, please contact Mary McGee, Associate Transportation Planner, via [email protected]. For future early coordination opportunities or project referrals, please visit Caltrans LDR website (link) or contact LDR[email protected].
Sincerely,
YUNSHENG LUO
Branch Chief, Local Development Review
Office of Regional and Community Planning
c: State Clearinghouse
lw Ky
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5.1 Response to Comment Letter A
COMMENT A-1
The commentor thanks the City for the opportunity to comment on the IS/MND and clarifies the comment letter is for informational purposes only. The commentor provides their understanding of the Project and states that Laureola Park and Frank D. Harrington Park are the closest parks to a State Right of Way (State Route 82).
The commentor summarizes several concurrent Multimodal System Planning efforts within the vicinity of the Plan area, including the Comprehensive Multimodal Corridor Plan (CMCP) along State Route 82 within San Mateo County, the Grand Boulevard Initiative, and the Central El Camino Real Multimodal Plan along State Route 82. The purpose of these plans and initiatives is to provide multimodal transportation enhancements along State Route 82, which is in walking distance to some parks identified within the Parks Master Plan.
The commentor states that the Parks Master Plan goals to “improve connectivity and provide opportunities for non-vehicular transportation through improvements to trail, cycling, and walking infrastructure” are seemingly aligned with the goals identified in the CMCP, the Grand Boulevard Initiative, and the Central El Camino Real Multimodal Plan. The commenter requests that these planning efforts be incorporated by reference into the Transportation section of the IS/MND and recommends that the City coordinate with Caltrans and SamTrans when implementing future projects under the Parks Master Plan to ensure consistency with the Mutimodal System Planning efforts.
The commentor concludes by thanking the City for the opportunity to participate in the environmental review process.
RESPONSE TO COMMENT A-1
The City thanks the commentor for their input. Page 117 and 118 of this Final IS/MND have been updated to reference Caltrans’ regional planning efforts and to clarify that the City will coordinate with Caltrans and SamTrans regarding future upgrades to the circulation system that are associated with the Parks Master Plan.
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6.0 MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM
CEQA Guidelines (California Code of Regulations, Title 14), Section 15097, requires public agencies to adopt reporting or monitoring programs when they approve projects to an Environmental Impact Report or negative declaration that includes mitigation measures to avoid significant environmental effects. The reporting or monitoring program shall be designed to ensure compliance with conditions of project approval during project implementation in order to avoid significant adverse environmental effects.
This Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) has been prepared pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 16097, which states the following:
In order to ensure that the mitigation measures and project revisions identified in the EIR or negative declaration are implemented, the public agency shall adopt a program for monitoring or reporting on the revisions which it has required in the project and the measures it has imposed to mitigate or avoid significant environmental effects. A public agency may delegate reporting or monitoring responsibilities to another public agency or to a private entity which accepts the delegation; however, until mitigation measures have been completed the lead agency remains responsible for ensuring that implementation of the mitigation measures occurs in accordance with the program.
The public agency may choose whether its program will monitor mitigation, report on mitigation, or both. “Reporting” generally consists of a written compliance review that is presented to the decision-making body or authorized staff person. A report may be required at various stages during project implementation or upon completion of the mitigation measure. "Monitoring" is generally an ongoing or periodic process of project oversight. There is often no clear distinction between monitoring and reporting and the program best suited to ensuring compliance in any given instance will usually involve elements of both.
The basis for this MMRP are the mitigation measures included in the Final Programmatic IS/MND (SCH 2026040868) prepared for the Parks Master Plan. These mitigation measures are designed to eliminate or reduce significant adverse environmental effects of the Plan to less than significant levels. The City of San Carlos Parks and Recreation Department has agreed to implement the mitigation measures as required, before and during implementation of the proposed Plan.
Table 10 below presents the potentially significant impacts and proposed mitigation measures identified in the Final Programmatic IS/MND, the timing of implementation of the mitigation measures (i.e., when the measure will be implemented), the City staff or individual responsible for ensuring implementation of each mitigation measure, and the City staff member or individual responsible for monitoring the mitigation measures.
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Table 10. Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program
MITIGATION MEASURES
IMPLEMENTATION
RESPONSIBILITY
IMPLEMENTATION
TIMING
COMPLIANCE RECORD
AESTHETICS
Mitigation Measure AES-1. Non-Reflective Materials
All new construction and improvements, including playground equipment, restroom facilities, lighting, fencing, irrigation appurtenances, and other site features, shall utilize non-reflective, low-glare materials and finishes to the maximum extent feasible.
Exterior surfaces shall be finished with matte, textured, or earthtoned coatings, and highly reflective materials such as polished metals or mirrored surfaces shall be avoided.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Throughout
project design, prior to
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
AIR QUALITY
Mitigation Measure AIR-1. Construction Health Risk Assessment Individual projects under the proposed Plan that will include the use of heavy machinery (e.g., excavators, concrete trucks, bulldozers, loaders, etc.) within 1,000 feet of a sensitive receptor for a duration of two months or longer shall prepare a Construction Health Risk Assessment (HRA) prior to project approval. A sensitive receptor includes any land use with a concentrated population of people that are highly susceptible to health effects of air pollution, such as children, the elderly, asthmatics. Therefore, land uses with a concentrated population of sensitive receptors include schools, daycare centers, playgrounds, hospitals, nursing homes, retirement homes, and residential communities. If the results of the HRA indicate that the project would have a potentially significant impact to air quality sensitive receptors, the project shall implement mitigation measures recommended in the HRA to reduce the impact to a less-than-significant level. Mitigation measures for the types of projects anticipated under the proposed Plan may include restricting vehicle idling time, implementing windbreaks, and using cleaner equipment, such as Tier 4 engines.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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MITIGATION MEASURES
IMPLEMENTATION
RESPONSIBILITY
IMPLEMENTATION
TIMING
COMPLIANCE RECORD
BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Mitigation Measure BIO-1a. Special-status Plants
Targeted surveys for special-status plant species shall be conducted prior to ground-disturbing activities for any projects that would result in ground disturbance outside of developed or ornamental land cover. Botanical surveys will be conducted within the work area the year prior to development by a qualified biologist during the appropriate timeframe when plants with moderate potential to occur are evident and identifiable in accordance with CDFW’s Protocols for Surveying and Evaluating Impacts to Special-Status Native Plant Populations and Natural Communities, dated March 20, 2018, and available at: Survey and Monitoring Protocols and Guidelines (CDFW.ca). Three appropriately timed protocol-level surveys will be performed, one during mid spring (March-May), one during late spring/early summer (May-June), and one during midlate summer (July-August). Reference site visits will be conducted to confirm that the target species are in bloom during the surveys.
If no special-status plant species are found, then the project will not have any impacts to special-status plant species and no additional mitigation measures would be necessary.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
Mitigation Measure BIO-1b. Special-status Plants
If special-status plant species are found, populations or individuals will be flagged and fully avoided by a 10-foot no-disturbance buffer where no ground-disturbing activities will take place, including construction staging or other temporary work areas. Activity exclusion zones for special-status plant species will be established prior to activities around each occupied habitat site, the boundaries of which will be clearly marked with standard orange plastic construction exclusion fencing or its equivalent. The size of activity exclusion zones may be determined through consultation with a qualified biologist.
If special-status plants are present and impacts to those plant populations cannot be avoided, seed or other propagules will be Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to
construction, for
duration of
construction, and
post-construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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IMPLEMENTATION
TIMING
COMPLIANCE RECORD
harvested from at least 50 percent of plants within areas of impact.
Harvested seed or propagules will be stored for reintroduction into the preserved portion of the project site. A Habitat Management Plan (HMP), or similar document(s) by a different name(s), will be prepared for the reintroduction area. The HMP will be provided to the City and CDFW for approval. The HMP will provide detailed information to the CDFW and the City on the quality of preserved habitat, location of the preserved occurrences, provisions for protecting and managing the areas, the responsible parties involved, and other pertinent information that demonstrates the feasibility of the compensation. An HMP will identify appropriate mitigation ratios developed in consultation with CDFW.
The HMP will also include monitoring methods and performance criteria for post-construction monitoring, including criteria for the successful establishment and preservation of special-status plants within the reintroduction area. Success criteria include:
• Habitat acreage for special-status plants in the
reintroduction area will be equivalent to the acreage
occupied by those species during the most recent
survey that occurs prior to construction.
• Populations of special-status plants will be monitored annually for a minimum of 5 years following
establishment of the reintroduction area.
• Management of invasive species such that species
rated as “High” by the California Invasive Plant Council, with the exception of common non-native grasses that
dominate undeveloped habitats in the surrounding
area, will not collectively exceed 5 percent absolute
cover within the reintroduction area.
• Based on the results of post-construction monitoring, adaptive management actions will be implemented, if
necessary. Adaptive management actions may include
reseeding and treatment of invasive species.
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If propagation efforts do not meet performance standards, then the loss of individuals of special-status plants shall be compensated for through the acquisition, protection, and subsequent management of other existing occurrences, as approved by CDFW and the City.
Mitigation Measure BIO-2: Worker Environmental Awareness Training
For projects under the proposed Plan that involve ground-disturbing activities in undeveloped land cover (i.e., any land cover type within the Plan Area other than developed and ornamental), a qualified biologist shall provide a worker environmental awareness program (WEAP) training to all personnel involved in project construction. At a minimum, the WEAP shall consist of a brief presentation by persons knowledgeable about the biology of sensitive species with potential to occur in the project footprint, and about their legislative protection to explain concerns to contractors and their employees involved with implementation of the project. The WEAP will include a description of any special-status species with potential to occur in the project footprint, its habitat needs, any reports of occurrences in the area, an explanation of the status of these species and their protection under State and Federal legislation, and a list of measures being taken to reduce impacts to these species during construction.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
Mitigation Measure BIO-3. San Francisco Dusky-footed Woodrat To avoid potential impacts to San Francisco dusky-footed woodrat, the following measures will be implemented:
• Prior to vegetation removal and/or ground disturbance within suitable habitat, a pre-construction survey for
woodrat structures shall be conducted by a qualified
biologist. Any woodrat structures found during the
survey shall be flagged and avoided.
• If avoidance is not possible, then structures to be
impacted shall be dismantled by hand under the
supervision of a qualified biologist. Dismantled nest
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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material shall be moved to adjacent vegetated areas
that will not be disturbed.
• If woodrat young are encountered during the
dismantling process, materials shall be placed back on
the structure and a work exclusion buffer of 50 feet
placed around the structure. The structure shall remain undisturbed for at least two weeks to allow the young
to mature and leave of their own accord, or for the
female to move the young. After the avoidance period,
the nest dismantling process may begin again.
Mitigation Measure BIO-4. American Badger
The following minimization measure will be implemented for any ground-disturbing activities in undeveloped land cover (i.e., any land cover type other than developed and ornamental) within Big Canyon Park and Eaton Park to avoid potential impacts to American badger:
• A qualified biologist shall conduct a focused preconstruction survey for badger dens no more than two weeks prior to construction activity in any suitable
habitat proposed for ground disturbance. If no potential badger dens are present within the construction
footprint, no further action is required.
• If a den is identified, but is inactive, the den will be excavated by hand and backfilled to prevent badgers
from using the burrow.
• If the badger den is active the qualified biologist shall determine the state of occupancy (i.e., single animal
occupancy or a natal den).
o If the burrow is occupied by a single animal, the
mouth of the burrow will be repeatedly blocked
with earth, sticks and similar materials for 3-5 days
to exclude the animals and allow the badger to
self-relocate. After 5 or more days of burrow
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: No more than
two weeks prior to
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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IMPLEMENTATION
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exclusion, the den is excavated and backfilled using
hand tools.
If the burrow is a natal den, it shall be avoided by a minimum of 50-ft until the young are sufficiently developed to leave the burrow on their own. Once the young have developed sufficiently to leave the burrow on their own, the biologist will re-assess the burrow for occupancy. If no additional young are present, but the burrow remains occupied by the adult, burrow exclusion as described above may occur, followed by excavation and backfill.
Mitigation Measure BIO-5. Crotch’s Bumble Bee
The following measures will be implemented for any grounddisturbing activities in undeveloped land cover (i.e., any land cover type other than developed and ornamental) within Big Canyon Park and Eaton Park at appropriate sites to avoid potential impacts to Crotch's bumble bee:
• A qualified biologist shall survey for Crotch's bumble bee prior to the commencement of construction
activities during the colony active period or the gyne
flight season (generally, April 1 to October 31). The
survey shall occur at least two hours after sunrise (>
60F and < 90F with no rain) or two hours before sunset
and the survey area shall include the project boundaries and a surrounding 100-foot buffer area. The survey
duration shall be appropriate to the size of the project site and buffer area based on the metric of a minimum
of one person-hour of searching per three acres of
suitable habitat.
• During the survey(s) the qualified biologists may not capture or handle bumble bees unless specifically
authorized to do so for the project by CDFW. At a
minimum, survey methods shall include the following:
o Search areas with flowering plants for foraging
bumble bees. Observed foraging activity may
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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indicate a nest is nearby, and therefore, the survey
duration shall be increased when foraging bees are
present.
o Watch any bumble bees present and observe their
flight patterns. Attempt to track their movements
between foraging areas and the nest.
o Visually look for nest entrances. Observe burrow,
any other underground cavities, logs, or other
possible nesting habitat.
o Look for concentrated bumble bee activity.
o Listen for humming of nest colony.
o If bumble bees are observed, attempt to identify
the species by taking a picture.
o If foraging bees are present and a nest has not
been found, floral resources within the project’s
disturbance footprint may be carefully removed
with hand-held tools to minimize foraging bee
presence during project activities. The continuation
of bumble bee activity once such floral resources
are removed may be an indication that a nest is
present.
o The biologist conducting the survey shall record
when the survey was conducted, a general
description of any suitable foraging habitat/floral
resources present, a description of observed
bumble bee activity, a description of any
vegetation removed to facilitate the survey, and
their determination of if the survey observations
suggest a Crotch's bumble bee nest may be present
or if construction activities could otherwise harm
the species. The survey may be conducted
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immediately prior to construction granted all the
above and below conditions are met.
If a Crotch's bumble bee is observed during the survey (not associated with a nest), or if any sign(s) of a bumble bee nest is observed and if it cannot be established the species present is not Crotch's bumble bee, then construction shall not commence until CDFW provides further guidance, which may include an additional survey by a bumble bee expert, waiting until the colony active season ends, obtaining take authorization, or other actions.
Mitigation Measure BIO-6. Roosting Bats
The following measures will be implemented at all parks included in the Plan Area to avoid potential impacts to roosting bats:
• The removal or trimming of all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 16 inches shall be
conducted outside of the bat maternity season (October
through March) whenever feasible. If this is not
feasible, a bat roost assessment shall be performed by
a qualified biologist no more than 30 days prior to tree removal to determine if roosting bats are present.
• If special-status bat species or potential maternity
roosts of any species are detected during these surveys, the roost trees shall be protected, and a no-disturbance buffer of 100-feet shall be implemented around the
active maternity roost until maternity activities have
ceased.
Irrespective of time of year, all felled trees should remain on the ground for at least 24 hours prior to chipping, off-site removal, or other processing to allow any bats to escape.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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IMPLEMENTATION
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Mitigation Measure BIO-7. Special-status and Nesting Birds The following measures will be implemented at all parks included in the Plan Area to avoid potential impacts to special-status and nesting birds:
• To the extent feasible, project-related activities should be avoided during the nesting bird season, generally
defined as February 1 – August 31. If project work must occur during the nesting bird season, a pre-construction nesting bird survey shall be conducted by a qualified
biologist within 7 days of ground disturbance or
vegetation removal to avoid disturbance to active
nests, eggs, and/or young of nesting birds. Surveys shall be conducted in all potential nesting habitat located at, and adjacent to, project work sites and in staging and
storage areas.
• If an active nest is located, a no disturbance buffer shall be established around the nest. Active nest sites and protective buffer zones shall be designated as
“Environmentally Sensitive Areas” where no projectrelated activities or personnel may enter until a qualified biologist determines that the young have fully fledged, or the nest otherwise becomes inactive (e.g.,
due to predation), and will no longer be adversely
affected by the project. Suggested buffer zone
distances differ depending on species, existing
conditions, and nest placement and shall be
determined and implemented in the field by a qualified
biologist.
• The buffer shall remain in place until the nest fledges or otherwise becomes inactive as determined by the
qualified biologist.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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Mitigation Measure BIO-8. Aquatic Resources
Prior to issuance of grading permits or initiation of grounddisturbing activities for any projects that may impact potential jurisdictional aquatic resources, the City shall retain a qualified biologist to conduct a formal delineation of potential jurisdictional aquatic resources within the project site, including wetlands and other waters of the United States and/or State, consistent with current protocols of USACE, the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB), and the CDFW, as applicable. The delineation report shall be submitted to the appropriate regulatory agencies for review and verification.
If jurisdictional aquatic resources are confirmed and would be directly or indirectly impacted by project implementation, the City shall consult with the USACE, RWQCB, and CDFW to determine applicable permitting requirements and shall obtain all required authorizations prior to initiation of activities that could result in impacts. Such authorizations may include, but are not limited to, a Clean Water Act Section 404 permit from USACE, Clean Water Act Section 401 Water Quality Certification (or Waste Discharge Requirements) from the RWQCB, and a Lake or Streambed
Alteration Agreement pursuant to Fish and Game Code Section 1600 et seq. from CDFW.
The City shall comply with all permit conditions and implement all avoidance, minimization, and compensatory mitigation measures required by the regulatory agencies.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
CULTURAL RESOURCES
Mitigation Measure CUL-1. Archaeological Assessment
An archaeologist who meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards shall review and assess any projects that are proposed Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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to extend beyond 12 inches below the ground surface at Burton Park, to determine if a subsurface study is warranted.
Mitigation Measure CUL-2. Accidental Discovery of Archaeological Resources
If an accidental find is made during ground-disturbing activities, all soil disturbance shall stop within 100 feet of the find until an archaeologist who meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards can complete a significance evaluation of the find(s). If the qualified archeologist determines that the find is eligible for inclusion on the National or California Register, the archaeologist shall make recommendations for appropriate methods of treatment for the find, which shall be implemented by the City.
If the qualified archaeologist determines that the resource may be a tribal cultural resource, the City shall consult with the culturally affiliated tribe(s), and a tribal representative shall be invited to evaluate the find and provide treatment recommendations.
Treatment of tribal cultural resources shall be developed in consultation with the culturally affiliated tribe(s), with avoidance as the preferred method where feasible.
Potential treatment methods for resources may include, but would not be limited to, avoidance of the resource through changes in construction methods or project design or implementation of a program of testing and data recovery, in accordance with all applicable federal and state requirements. Any efforts shall be documented in a cultural resources report to be filed with the Northwest Information Center.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
Mitigation Measure CUL-3. Native American Remains
The City shall hire a qualified archaeologist to document the location of any reburials within the Plan Area. The location of reburials shall be documented by the qualified archaeologist on Department of Parks and Recreation 523 forms and submitted to the Northwest Information Center of the California Historical Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to
construction of any
projects at Arguello
Park
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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Resource Information System. The City shall ensure that the location of the reburial will remain undeveloped in perpetuity, either through deed restrictions, fencing, or some other permanent form of protection. Consideration should be made in the future for the allowance of human reburials on City lands so that the location(s) can be kept protected.
Mitigation Measure CUL-4. Human Remains
California law recognizes the need to protect interred human remains, particularly Native American burials and items of cultural patrimony, from vandalism and inadvertent destruction. The procedures for the treatment of discovered human remains are contained in California Health and Safety Code §§ 7050.5 and 7052 and PRC § 5097. If remains are uncovered, ground-disturbing work shall halt within 100 feet of the find and the Lead Agency and County coroner shall be notified immediately. The coroner is required to examine all discoveries of human remains within 48 hours of receiving notice of a discovery on private or State lands (Health and Safety Code § 7050.5[b]). If the coroner determines that the remains are those of a Native American, the coroner must contact the NAHC by phone within 24 hours of making that determination (Health and Safety Code § 7050[c]). The Lead Agency and the professional archaeologist shall contact the Most Likely Descendent, as determined by the NAHC, regarding the remains. The Most Likely Descendant, in cooperation with the City, shall determine the ultimate disposition of the remains and any associated artifacts.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
GEOLOGY AND SOILS
Mitigation Measure GEO-1. Paleontological Resources
Prior to ground-disturbing activities for any project with grounddisturbing activities deeper than 12 inches under the Plan, the City shall retain a qualified paleontologist, as defined by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP) standards, to develop and conduct a Paleontological Resources Awareness Training Program for all Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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construction personnel involved in ground-disturbing activities (including but not limited to grading, excavation, trenching, drilling, and utility installation).
The training shall be conducted prior to the commencement of ground disturbance and shall include, at a minimum:
1. A description of the types of paleontological resources that may be encountered within the project area;
2. Photographic examples of fossils and fossil-bearing
sediments;
3. A summary of applicable federal, state, and local
regulations protecting paleontological resources;
4. Identification of the procedures to follow in the event of a discovery; and
5. Contact information for the designated qualified
paleontologist.
All construction personnel shall be informed that if potential paleontological resources (e.g., fossilized bone, teeth, shell, leaf impressions, or unusual rock formations) are encountered during ground-disturbing activities, all ground-disturbing work within 50 feet of the discovery shall be halted immediately. The Construction Manager shall notify the City, who shall retain a qualified paleontologist to evaluate the find and recommend appropriate treatment measures consistent with SVP guidelines. Work in the vicinity of the find shall not resume until the paleontologist has determined that the resource has been appropriately assessed and any necessary mitigation has been implemented.
Documentation of the training, including attendance logs and training materials, shall be maintained by the construction contractor and made available to the City upon request. (.
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MITIGATION MEASURES
IMPLEMENTATION
RESPONSIBILITY
IMPLEMENTATION
TIMING
COMPLIANCE RECORD
HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY
Mitigation Measure HYDRO-1. Erosion and Pollution Control Measures
Prior to the commencement of ground-disturbing activities for all future projects under the Plan, the City shall ensure that erosion and sediment control measures to minimize soil erosion are
implemented. These measures are aimed to reduce sedimentation and pollutant discharge during construction activities associated with trail maintenance, paving, court and turf replacement, trenching for utilities, and related improvements.
The following measures shall be implemented, at a minimum:
1. Limit disturbance to the minimum area necessary and
clearly delineate construction boundaries.
2. Install perimeter controls (e.g., fiber rolls, silt fencing, gravel bags) to prevent sediment from leaving the work
areas.
3. Protect storm drain inlets with appropriate sediment control devices.
4. Stabilize disturbed soils if inactive for more than 14 days through mulch, erosion control blankets, hydroseeding, or similar methods.
5. Cover or contain soil stockpiles and prevent tracking of sediment onto adjacent paved areas.
6. Backfill and compact trenches promptly and restore
disturbed areas following utility installation.
7. Provide designated concrete washout areas and prevent construction materials, slurry, or debris from entering storm drains.
8. Restore disturbed areas to pre-project conditions and stabilize prior to the onset of the rainy season.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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MITIGATION MEASURES
IMPLEMENTATION
RESPONSIBILITY
IMPLEMENTATION
TIMING
COMPLIANCE RECORD
TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES
Mitigation Measure TCR-1. Cultural Resources identification Training
For future projects under the Plan that would involve grounddisturbing activities more than 12 inches below the ground surface on undeveloped land, construction crews shall be trained in “basic archaeological and tribal resources identification” and have access to a cultural resources awareness and sensitivity alert sheet. The alert sheet shall photographically depict indicators of archaeological sites and artifacts and clearly outline the procedures in the event of new discovery. These procedures shall include temporary work stoppage (i.e., a stop work order) of all ground disturbance, short-term physical protection of features and artifacts and their context, and immediate advisement of the Indian Canyon Band of Costanoan Ohlone People, the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay Area, and City representatives.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
Mitigation Measure TCR-2. Tribal Monitoring
For ground-disturbing activities associated with implementation of the Plan, the City shall retain a Native American monitor from a culturally affiliated tribe to monitor construction activities that have the potential to result in substantial disturbance of soils. Tribal monitoring shall be required for projects involving substantial ground disturbance, including but not limited to construction of new structures, replacement or expansion of existing buildings, installation of park facilities requiring continuous or large-area excavation, and other activities that extend beyond minor surface improvements.
Tribal monitoring shall not be required for limited, low-intensity ground-disturbing activities such as installation or replacement of fencing or signage, landscaping and tree planting, utility trenching, or similar minor improvements, provided that such activities do not involve extensive excavation or disturbance of previously undisturbed soils.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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MITIGATION MEASURES
IMPLEMENTATION
RESPONSIBILITY
IMPLEMENTATION
TIMING
COMPLIANCE RECORD
The requirement for tribal monitoring shall be determined by the City on a project-by-project basis depending on the nature, extent, and location of proposed ground disturbance. In the event that tribal cultural resources are encountered during construction, all work within 100 feet of the find shall halt, and the lead agency shall notify the appropriate tribe(s). A qualified tribal representative shall participate in the evaluation of the find and recommend appropriate treatment measures.
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7.0 REFERENCES
Alexander, P., Hamm, C. 1916. History of San Mateo. Press of Burlingame Publishing Co.
Burlingame, California.
Barrow, E. 2026a. Archival Study for the San Carlos Master Plan. Eileen Barrow & Associates.
Santa Rosa, California.
Barrow, E. 2026b. Architectural History Evaluation of Two Buildings at Burton Park. Eileen Barrow & Associates. Santa Rosa, California.
Barrow, E. 2026c. Architectural History Evaluation of the Community Building at Laureola Park.
Eileen Barrow & Associates. Santa Rosa, California.
Bay Area Air District (BAAD). 2017a. Air Quality Standards and Attainment Status. Available online at: https://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/research-and-data/air-quality-standardsand-attainment-status. Accessed July 2025.
Bay Area Air District (BAAD). 2017b. Final 2017 Clean Air Plan. Available online at:
https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/plans/2017-clean-airplan/attachment-a_-proposed-final-cap-vol-1-pdf.pdf. Accessed July 2025.
Bay Area Air District (BAAD). 2022. 2022 CEQA Guidelines. Available online at:
https://www.baaqmd.gov/plans-and-climate/california-environmental-quality-actceqa/updated-ceqa-guidelines. Accessed July 2025.
Bay Area Water Supply & Conservation Agency (BAWSCA). 2026. Hetch Hetchy System. https://bawsca.org/water/supply/hetchhetchy#:~:text=The%20regional%20water%20system%20pro vides,River%20in%20Yosemite%20National%20Park. Accessed February 2026.
California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2022. 2000-2023 GHG Inventory (2022 Edition). Current California GHG Emission Inventory Data. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/ghg-inventory-data. Accessed December 2022.
California Aquatic Resources Inventory (CARI). 2023. https://www.sfei.org/projects/californiaaquatic-resource-inventory-cari. Accessed 2023.
California Department of Conservation (CDOC). 2026a. California Important Farmland Finder. https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/DLRP/CIFF/. Accessed January 2026.
California Department of Conservation (CDOC). 2026b. Tsunami Hazard Area Map. https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/informationwarehouse/ts_evacuation/#data_s=id%3AdataSo urce_3-1918f9f263a-layer-15%3A40. Accessed February 2026.
California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). 2023. List of California Sensitive Natural Communities, Updated June 1, 2023.
https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=153609&inline. Accessed February 2026. (.
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California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). 2025. California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB), Wildlife and Habitat Data Analysis Branch. Sacramento, California. Accessed February 2026.
California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE). 2026. Fire Hazard Severity Zone Mapper. https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/5065c998b4b0462f9ec3c6c226c610a9.
Accessed January 2026.
California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2026. Statewide Scenic Highway Map Viewer. https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/47e2009986264718a5a13a2c81382774. Accessed January 2026.
California Geological Survey (CGS). 2002. California Geomorphic Provinces, Note 36. https://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/Documents/Publications/CGS-Notes/CGS-Note-36.pdf.
Accessed February 2026.
California Geological Survey (CGS). 2026a. California Mineral Resources Data Portal. https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/minerals/?page=About-This-Portal&views=About---MLCReports. Accessed January 2026.
California Geological Survey (CGS). 2026b. Earthquake Zones of Required Investigation. https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/informationwarehouse/eqzapp/#data_s=id%3AdataSource_4 -191d8e6d993-layer-25%3A10954689. Accessed February 2026.
California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2025. Rare Plant Inventory (online edition, v9.5).
Sacramento, California. http://rareplants.cnps.org/. Accessed February 2026.
California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2024. A Manual of California Vegetation Online. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California. Online at: http://vegetation.cnps.org. Accessed February 2026.
California Water Service (Cal Water). 2022. San Carlos System 2022 Water Quality Report. https://www.calwater.com/ccrs/bay-sc-2022/#:~:text=Contact%20Us%20page.- ,Your%20Water%20System,reliable%2C%20high%2Dquality%20supply. Accessed February 2026.
Charles M. Salter Associates, Inc. 1998. Acoustics – Architecture, Engineering, the Environment.
William K Stout Pub. San Francisco, California.
City/County Association of Governments of San Mateo County (C/CAG). 2015. Comprehensive Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan for the Environs of San Carlos Airport. https://ccag.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SQL_FinalALUCP_Oct15_with-amendments.pdf.
Accessed January 2026.
City of San Carlos. 2008. Parks, Open Space, Buildings, and other Recreational Facilities Master Plan 2009-2029.
https://cms3.revize.com/revize/sancarlos/Document%20Center/Parks%20and%20Recreation/San%2 0Carlos%20Park%20Master%20Plan%20Final%209-08[1].pdf. Accessed January 2026. (.
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City of San Carlos. 2009. San Carlos 2030 General Plan. https://cms3.revize.com/revize/sancarlos/Document%20Center/City%20Hall/Departments%20And%2 0Divisions/Community%20Development/Planning/Plans%20And%20Standards/General%20Plan/San% 20Carlos%20General%20Plan_02.pdf?t=202305261731480&t=202305261731480. Accessed January 2026.
City of San Carlos. 2012. San Carlos Hillside Trails Plan. https://cms3.revize.com/revize/sancarlos/Document%20Center/City%20Hall/Departments%20And%2 0Divisions/Parks%20And%20Recreation/Parks%20And%20Facilities/Visit%20Trails/San%20Carlos%20H illside%20Trails.pdf?t=202305220812120&t=202305220812120. Accessed January 2026.
City of San Carlos. 2020. Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan. https://cms3.revize.com/revize/sancarlos/Document%20Center/City%20Hall/Departments%20And%2 0Divisions/Public%20Works/Streets/Bicycle%20and%20Pedestrian%20Master%20Plan/Documents/Sa n%20Carlos%20Bicycle%20and%20Ped.pdf?t=202305220813120&t=202305220813120. Accessed January 2026.
City of San Carlos. 2021. City of San Carlos Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Plan. https://cms3.revize.com/revize/sancarlos/Document%20Center/City%20Hall/Departments%20And%2 0Divisions/City%20Manager/Sustainability/Climate%20Action/CMAP%20Final.pdf. Accessed January 2026.
City of San Carlos. 2022. Environmental Safety and Public Services Element. https://cms3.revize.com/revize/sancarlos/Document%20Center/Chapter%208%20Environmental%20S afety&%20Public%20Services.pdf?t=202507211907190&t=202507211907190. Accessed January 2026.
City of San Carlos. 2023. San Carlos 2023-2031 Housing Element Needs Assessment. https://cms3.revize.com/revize/sancarlos/Document%20Center/Housing%20Element/03- Needs%20Assessment_Final.pdf. Accessed January 2026.
City of San Carlos. 2024. San Carlos Municipal Code.
https://www.codepublishing.com/CA/SanCarlos/. Accessed January 2026.
City of San Carlos. 2025a. 2045 General Plan Reset Draft EIR. https://cms3.revize.com/revize/sancarlos/2045%20GPR_Draft%20EIR_Public%20Review%20Draft.pdf? t=202501161845340&t=202501161845340. Accessed January 2026.
City of San Carlos. 2025b. City of San Carlos 2030 General Plan. Amended May 27, 2025. https://www.cityofsancarlos.org/city_hall/departments_and_divisions/community_development/p lanning/plans_and_standards/focused_general_plan_and_zoning_update_(2020-2023).php.
Accessed January 2026.
County of San Mateo. 2021. Multijurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. https://www.smcgov.org/ceo/2021-multijurisdictional-lhmp. Accessed January 2026.
County of San Mateo. 2022. San Mateo Countywide Fine Scale Vegetation Map, Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy et al. https://vegmap.press/San_Mateo_vegmap. Accessed February 2026.
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Erlandson, J. 2002. Anatomically Modern Humans, Maritime Voyaging, and the Pleistocene Colonization of the Americas. In, The First Americans: The Pleistocene Colonization of the New World, edited by Nine Jablonski, pp. 59-92. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, No.
27. Federal Transit Administration (FTA). 2018. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, FTA Report No.0123. https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/researchinnovation/118131/transit-noise-and-vibration-impact-assessment-manual-fta-report-no0123_0.pdf. Accessed February 2026.
Fiedel, S. 1987. Prehistory of the Americas. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England.
Fiedel, S. 2000. The peopling of the New World: Present Evidence, New Theories, and Future Directions. Journal of Archaeological Research. 8(1): 39-103.
Fladmark, K. 1979. Routes: Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America.
American Antiquity. 44(1): 55-69.
Google Earth. 2024. Aerial Imagery 1993-2015. Accessed February 2026.
Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR). 2008. CEQA and Climate Change: Addressing Climate Change Through California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Review. Governor's Office of Planning and Research Technical Advisory: Sacramento.
Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR). 2018. Technical Advisory on Evaluating Transportation Impacts in CEQA. https://lci.ca.gov/docs/20180416- 743_Technical_Advisory_4.16.18.pdf. Accessed January 2026.
Hoover, M., Rensch, H., Rensch, E., Abelow, W., Kyle, D. 2002. Historic Spots in California. 5th edition. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Kroeber, A. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 78, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Levy, R. 1978. Costanoan. In California, edited by R. Heizer, pp. 485-495. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, W. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Mahany, R. and the San Carlos Villagers. 1999. Through the Years in San Carlos. San Carlos Villagers. San Carlos, California.
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). 2015. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program.
Risk Assessment Guidelines, Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.
Published February 2015. Available online at:
https://oehha.ca.gov/sites/default/files/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf. Accessed July 2025.
Shuford, W.D., Gardali, T. 2008. California Bird Species of Special Concern: A ranked assessment of species, subspecies, and distinct populations of birds of immediate conservation concern in (.
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California. Western Field Ornithologists. Camarillo, California. California Department of Fish and Game. Sacramento, California.
Silicon Valley Clean Water (SVCW). 2025. Pump Station Improvements Project. https://svcwrescu.org/pump-stations/. Accessed February 2026.
State Water Resources Control Board. 2021. San Mateo Plain Groundwater subbasin (2-009.03). https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sanfranciscobay/water_issues/programs/groundwater/BasinLinks /San_Mateo_Plain_Basin.pdf. Accessed February 2026.
State Water Resources Control Board. 2026. GeoTracker. https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/.
Accessed February 2026.https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/. Accessed February 2026.
U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory (Environmental Laboratory). 1987. Corp of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. Department of the Army, Waterways Experiment Station.
Vicksburg, Mississippi.
U.S. Census Bureau. 2024. QuickFacts San Carlos city, California. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sancarloscitycalifornia/LND110210. Accessed February 2026.
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS). 2025. Web Soil Survey. https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/. Accessed February 2026.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 2022. Inventory of U.S. Greenhous Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2020. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 430-R-22-003.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2025. Information for Planning and Consultation. https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/. Accessed February 2026.
Wormington, H. 1957. Ancient Man in North America. The Denver Museum of Natural History.
Denver, Colorado.
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Final Programmatic Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration | May 2026 Appendix A
APPENDIX A. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
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Final Programmatic Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration | May 2026 1 1.1 Short-term Improvements
Short-term improvements are anticipated to occur within five years of San Carlos PMPM adoption with projects starting as early as fall 2026. Information for each improvement regarding construction duration, staging, access, and equipment is provided in the following sections.
1.1.1 Wayfinding signage
• Installation of new wayfinding and trail signage at Arguello Park, Big Canyon Park, Burton Park, Eaton Park, Crestview Park, Heather Dog Exercise Area, and San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park would require digging of holes for the signpost(s) and tamping of soil around the post once set into the hole. Consolidation of regulatory signage at Vista Park would involve repurposing existing signposts with new signage. San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park would be renamed, and a new entry sign would be installed. o Duration: Less than one day per sign
o Access: Signs would be hiked into certain areas of the open spaces inaccessible to trucks. Some sign locations would be more easily accessed by the existing fire roads in each open space
o Equipment: Hand tools would be used for sign installation, and a power drill would be used to remount signs to existing posts.
1.1.2 New and Rehabilitated Facilities
• Construction or installation of shade structures at Crestview Park would entail attachment of steel or wood posts to the existing poured concrete pads at the park. Old picnic tables and trash cans would be removed, and new picnic tables and trash cans would be assembled on site at Arguello Park, Big Canyon Park, Burton Park, Highlands Park, City Hall Dog Park, and San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park. The chain link fencing would be replaced at San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park with similar fencing and would require minor excavation for fence posts. The sand box at Burton Park would be removed and replaced with pour-in-place rubber playground surfacing. o Duration: Two weeks
o Access: Arguello would be accessed via the parking lot on Wellington Avenue and the ramp down to the snack shack area. Access for Crestview Park would be accessed via Crestview Drive.
o Equipment: Forklift to move or position shade structure components, one flatbed truck for removal of old picnic tables and trash cans, post hole diggers, shovels, or pry bars would be used for digging post holes, impact drill for picnic table, trash can, and fence assembly, hand tools for removal of sand box, mortar mixer and power drill for blending pour-in-place rubber surfacing, hand tools for spreading pour-in-place rubber
• Construction of an accessible picnic area at Burton Park would require old picnic tables and trash cans to be removed, and new picnic tables and trash cans to be assembled on site.
Existing surfacing or edging in this area would be removed, then the subgrade (area under the proposed area and access path) would be compacted to create a flat surface. Finally, concrete or other all-weather resilient surface material would be placed in the picnic and pathway area and compacted in place.
o Duration: Six weeks
o Access: Burton Park would be accessed via Brittan Avenue and Cedar Street.
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Final Programmatic Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration | May 2026 2 o Equipment: One flatbed truck for removal of old picnic tables and trash cans, post hole diggers, impact drill for picnic table and trash can assembly, one skid steer for removal of and one dump truck for off-haul of existing surface materials, one vibratory tamper or vibrating plate compactor for soil compaction, concrete truck for pouring slab.
• The batting cage ground material would be demolished at Arguello Park and Highlands Park and replaced with artificial padded turf.
o Duration: One week
o Access: Arguello Park would be accessed by Wellington Avenue and Highlands Park would be accessed on Aberdeen Drive.
o Equipment: Hand tools for removal of existing material • The tennis courts at Highlands Park would be demolished and removed using a skid steer or jack hammer. Trenches would be placed to relocate electrical utilities to the center of the courts for court lighting. The base material would be replaced and a concrete slab poured to the appropriate depth. Paint and striping for courts would be applied using hand tools. o Duration: Eight weeks
o Access: Highlands Park would be accessed on Aberdeen Drive o Equipment: Jack hammer or skid steer for demolition, truck for debris removal, concrete truck for pouring slab.
• Drinking fountains would be removed and replaced at San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park. Domestic water utilities would be extended from the street into Vista Park to add a new drinking fountain by trenching to lay water lines and connecting to a drinking fountain unit. Asphalt and concrete patches would be needed for sections removed to lay water pipes.
o Duration: Ten weeks
o Access: San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park would be accessed San Carlos Avenue. Vista Park would be access via Crestview Drive. o Equipment: Excavator for water play element storage tank, walk-behind or rideon trencher, hand tools to patch asphalt • Installation of digital displays and new audiovisual equipment in all program rooms at the Youth Center would involve rewiring of rooms to accommodate new equipment and mounting of displays and equipment to walls within program rooms. Acoustic management elements, such as acoustic curtains, would be installed between the Zen Den and Game Room.
o Duration: Four weeks
o Access: Chestnut Street
o Equipment: Power drill
• The City Hall Dog Park dog agility elements would be replaced with new agility features.
Existing equipment would be removed, and new equipment would be installed that would require digging with hand tools for post holes.
o Duration: One week
o Access: San Carlos Avenue
o Equipment: Hand tools, pick-up truck for transport of old and new equipment • Replacement of the playground area and equipment at San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park would include the removal of the existing play structures and equipment. Existing engineered wood fiber surfacing would be removed and resurfaced with poured-in-place surfacing.
o Duration: Eight weeks
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Final Programmatic Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration | May 2026 3 o Access: San Carlos Avenue would be the access point for San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park.
o Equipment: Forklift to move or position play structure components, one flatbed truck for removal of old structures, one skid steer for removal of and one dump truck for off-haul of existing surfacing materials, one vibratory tamper or vibrating plate compactor, wheeled or small track asphalt paver, self-propelled roller for asphalt compaction, pick-up truck for transport of old and new equipment, mortar mixer and power drill for blending pour-in-place rubber surfacing, hand tools for spreading pour-in-place rubber, walk-behind or ride-on trencher, one flatbed truck, one crane, concrete truck.
• Construction of a new asphalt pump track at Arguello Park would involve site preparation and grading to establish a compacted subgrade, followed by placement and shaping of aggregate base and asphalt surfacing to form rolling track features. Work would include minor excavation and fill to achieve final track geometry, installation of edge restraints where needed, and restoration of disturbed areas adjacent to the track. o Duration: Eight weeks
o Access: Dartmouth Avenue/Northam Avenue would be the access point for Arguello Park.
o Equipment: One skid steer for removal of and one dump truck for off-haul of existing surfacing materials, one vibratory tamper or vibrating plate compactor, wheeled or small track asphalt paver, self-propelled roller for asphalt compaction, hand tools
• Installation of fitness structures at Vista Park would entail attachment of steel or wood posts to poured concrete pads covered in decomposed granite surfacing. Soil would be excavated using a skid steer or excavator to prepare a concrete pad. New fitness equipment would be assembled on site.
o Duration: Four weeks
o Access: Vista Park would be accessed via Crestview Drive. o Equipment: Walk-behind or ride-on trencher, vibratory compactor, one flatbed truck, one crane, concrete truck, impact drill for fitness structure assembly.
1.1.3 Walkway and Trail Improvements
• Improvement of walkways at San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park would require removal of any existing surfacing or edging associated with the walkways. Then the subgrade (area under the proposed path) would be compacted to create a flat surface then asphalt or other all-weather resilient surface would be placed in the location of the pathway and compacted in place.
o Duration: Four weeks
o Access: San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park would be accessed via San Carlos Avenue and Highlands Park would be accessed on Aberdeen Drive Crestview Park is accessible via Crestview Drive.
o Equipment: One skid steer for removal of and one dump truck for off-haul of existing pathway materials, one vibratory tamper or vibrating plate compactor for soil compaction, wheeled or small track asphalt paver, self-propelled roller for asphalt compaction
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Final Programmatic Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration | May 2026 4 1.1.4 Irrigation and Landscaping Improvements
• Irrigation and drainage management measures would be installed at the concert lawn and diamond field at Burton Park. The permitter of the athletic fields would be trenched for new water lines and rotary gun sprinklers would be installed at a spacing to adequately irrigate the fields. Trenching would occur across the concert lawn and pop-up emitters would be installed at regular intervals for even coverage of the lawn. o Duration: Four weeks
o Access: Burton Park would be accessed via Brittan Avenue and Cedar Street. o Equipment: Ride-on trencher, skid steer to cover with soil, hand tools • City-wide tree maintenance recommendations at Cedar Street Park. Existing landscaping shrubs at the entrance to San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park will be removed.
Landscaping, including shrubs, sod, and shade trees, at Hillcrest Circle Park will be replanted.
o Duration: One week
o Access: Cedar Street (Cedar Street); San Carlos Avenue (San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood). Hillcrest Road or Highland Avenue (Hillcrest Circle). o Equipment: Hand tools
• Construction of a vista point at Big Canyon Park and Arguello Park would involve minor grading (estimated at less than ten cubic yards) to create level landings. Some other minor digging would be involved for installation of interpretive signage. o Duration: One week
o Access: Brittan Avenue (Big Canyon); Dartmouth Avenue/Northam Avenue (Arguello)
o Equipment: Mini excavator or skid steer, vibrating plate compactor, post hole auger, hand tools, wheelbarrow, small concrete mixer, pick-up truck for new amenities
• Up to two 24-inch box trees would be installed at Crestview Park, which would require a flatbed truck for transport, a demolition hammer to dig the hole, and a crane to place the trees.
o Duration: One day
o Access: Crestview Drive
o Equipment: One flatbed truck, one crane, demolition hammer Construction details for these improvements are not available and, therefore, cannot be discussed in this section:
• Arguello Park
• Vista Park
1.2 Mid-term Improvements
Mid-term improvements are anticipated to occur between five to ten years after adoption of the PMP. Information available regarding construction duration, staging, access, and equipment is provided for each activity below:
1.2.1 New and Rehabilitated Facilities
• Construction or installation of shade structures over the bleachers at Arguello Park and Laureola Park would entail attachment of steel or wood posts to the existing poured concrete pads.
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Final Programmatic Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration | May 2026 5 o Duration: Three days
o Access: Arguello Park would be accessed via the parking lot off Wellington Drive.
Laureola Park would be accessed via the parking lot off of Old County Road. o Equipment: Forklift to move or position shade structure components, one flatbed truck for delivery of shade structure
• Old picnic tables and trash cans would be removed, and new picnic tables and trash cans would be assembled on site at Arguello Park and Cedar Street Park. New picnic areas with picnic tables, benches, and drinking fountains will be added at Heather Dog Exercise Area. o Duration: Two weeks
o Access: Cedar Street Park would be accessed via Cedar Street, Arguello would be accessed via Wellington Drive, and Heather Dog Exercise Area would be accessed via Melendy Drive.
o Equipment: One flatbed truck for removal of old and transport of new picnic tables and benches, post hole diggers, shovels, or pry bars would be used for digging post holes, impact drill for picnic table and bench assembly and installation
• Installation of bollards with motion-activated safety lighting would involve trenching to extend existing electrical utilities to the parking lot at Crestview Park. o Duration: Two weeks
o Access: Crestview Park would be accessed via Crestview Drive. o Equipment: Walk-behind or ride-on trencher, hand tools to patch asphalt • The kitchen in the Adult Community Center would be renovated to provide greater accessibility, update appliances and to accommodate future programming. Demolition and installation of new cabinets, countertops, tables, shelving, and appliances can be completed with impact and power drills and hand tools. The bathrooms in the Youth Center would be renovated to provide accessible clearances.
o Duration: Ten weeks
o Access: The Adult Community Center and Youth Center would be accessed via Chestnut Street
o Equipment: Impact drills, power drills, hand tools for demolition and installation • New restrooms with flushable toilets, running water, and lighting in Big Canyon Park at the Brittan Avenue entrance. The new restrooms would involve trenching to extend utilities for electricity, water, and sewer from the street to the restroom site. Soil would be excavated using a skid steer or excavator to prepare a concrete pad. The restroom would be a prefabricated model transported to the site on a flatbed truck, which would require a crane to move and assemble the restroom components.
o Duration: Two months
o Access: Big Canyon Park would be accessed via Brittan Avenue. o Equipment: Walk-behind or ride-on trencher, vibratory compactor, one flatbed truck, one crane, concrete truck
• Installation of a backstop and net at Highlands Park in the northeast corner of Stadium Field would require digging of holes for the post(s) and tamping of soil around the post once set into the hole.
o Duration: One week
o Access: Highlands Park would be accessed via the parking lot off Aberdeen Drive. o Equipment: Hand tools/drill would be used for post installation. • Replacement of the playground area and equipment at Arguello Park, Cedar Street Park, Crestview Park, and Hillcrest Circle Park would include the removal of the existing play
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Final Programmatic Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration | May 2026 6 structures and equipment. Existing engineered wood fiber surfacing or poured-in-place surfacing would be removed and resurfaced with poured-in-place surfacing. The sand boxes at Cedar Street and Crestview Parks will be removed and resurfaced with poured-inplace rubber playground surfacing to expand playground space. o Duration: Eight weeks
o Access: Cedar Street Park would be accessed via Cedar Street and Crestview Park would be accessed via Crestview Drive.
o Equipment: Forklift to move or position play structure components, one flatbed truck for removal of old structures, one skid steer for removal of and one dump truck for off-haul of existing surfacing materials, one vibratory tamper or vibrating plate compactor, wheeled or small track asphalt paver, self-propelled roller for asphalt compaction, pick-up truck for transport of old and new equipment, mortar mixer and power drill for blending pour-in-place rubber surfacing, hand tools for spreading pour-in-place rubber, walk-behind or ride-on trencher, one flatbed truck, one crane, concrete truck.
• Installation of an “outdoor living room” space at Mundell Grove at Burton Park would entail the construction of a paved area with furnishing for lounging and gathering. Construction would require existing amenities to be removed, and new lounge seating and trash cans would be assembled on site. Existing surfacing would require removal of any existing surfacing or edging associated with the area. Then the subgrade (area under the proposed area and access path) would be compacted to create a flat surface then concrete or other all-weather resilient surface material would be placed in the location of the area and pathway and compacted in place
o Duration: Six weeks
o Access: Les Mundell Grove would be accessed via Woodland Avenue. o Equipment: One flatbed truck for removal of existing equipment, impact drill for lounge seating assembly, one skid steer for removal of and one dump truck for off-haul of existing surface materials, one vibratory tamper or vibrating plate compactor for soil compaction, concrete truck for pouring slab. • Installation of fitness structures at Highlands Park would entail attachment of steel or wood posts to poured concrete pads covered in decomposed granite surfacing. Soil would be excavated using a skid steer or excavator to prepare a concrete pad. New fitness equipment would be assembled on site.
o Duration: Four weeks
o Access: Highlands Park would be accessed via Aberdeen Drive. o Equipment: Walk-behind or ride-on trencher, vibratory compactor, one flatbed truck, one crane, concrete truck, impact drill for fitness structure assembly. • New dog agility equipment would be installed at Heather Dog Exercise Area. New equipment would be installed that would require digging with hand tools for post holes. o Duration: One week
o Access: Heather Dog Exercise Area would be accessed via Melendy Drive. o Equipment: Hand tools, pick-up truck for transport of new equipment • Construction of an expanded dog park at Heather Dog Exercise Area would involve site preparation and minor grading to establish finished grades and drainage, then installation of perimeter fencing, gates, and external circulation paths. Improvements would include placement of decomposed granite or turf surfacing, concrete pads at entries, staging areas with double-gated entry, and installation of site amenities such as benches, waste stations, and signage. Minor trenching would occur for irrigation and drainage where applicable.
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Final Programmatic Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration | May 2026 7 Construction would require removal of any existing surfacing or edging associated with the existing pathway on site.
o Duration: Ten weeks
o Access: Heather Dog Exercise Area would be accessed via Melendy Drive. o Equipment: One skid steer for removal of and one dump truck for off-haul of existing pathway materials, one vibratory tamper or vibrating plate compactor for soil compaction, post hole diggers, shovels, or pry bars would be used for digging post holes, impact drill for fence assembly, wood fiber surfacing or turf installation.
1.2.2 Walkway and Trail Improvements
• Improvement of walkways at Arguello, Cedar Street, City Hall Dog Park, Heather Dog Exercise Area, and Highlands Parks would require removal of any existing surfacing or edging associated with the walkways. Then the subgrade (area under the proposed path) would be compacted to create a flat surface then asphalt or other all weather-resilient surface would be placed in the location of the pathway and compacted in place. o Duration: Four weeks
o Access: Arguello Park would be accessed via Wellington Avenue, Cedar Street Park would be accessed via Cedar Street, City Hall dog Park would be accessed via San Carlos Avenue, Heather Dog Exercise Area would be accessed via Melendy Drive, and Highlands Park would be accessed via Aberdeen Drive. o Equipment: One skid steer for removal of and one truck for off-haul of existing pathway materials, one vibratory tamper or vibrating plate compactor for soil compaction, wheeled or small track asphalt paver, self-propelled roller for asphalt compaction
• Trail improvements to natural surface trails in Eaton Park would involve the addition of drainage features. Rolling dips would be built by redistributing soil on the trail tread to create undulating slopes that allow for the natural flow of water off the tread, which can be accomplished using hand tools. Water bars involve soil excavation install a reinforcing log generally held in place by rebar or stakes then digging approximately 12” deep to create a drain dip upslope of the log. Trails to be decommissioned would be scarified to remove visible trail tread, have seeds sown to encourage revegetation, or placement of natural debris, like logs, across the social trail to limit future use. o Duration: Two weeks
o Access: Eaton Park would be accessed via the fire road off the Eaton Avenue park entrance.
o Equipment: All work would be completed with hand tools. • Arguello Park trails would be formalized or realigned through the preparation of trail tread using hand tools. In some circumstances, a skid steer and chainsaw would be needed to clear debris or soil. To the greatest extent possible, soil excavated as part of the trail construction process would remain on site. Ongoing maintenance to the Arguello Park trails would be conducted as part of the PMP and would also likely involve use of hand tools, chainsaws, and, to a limited extent, a skid steer. Construction of a paved multi-use emergency access pathway would entail similar equipment for grading and compaction and the placement of asphalt or other durable surfacing. o Duration: One month
o Access: Arguello Park would be accessed on Wellington Avenue. o Equipment: Skid steer, chainsaw, hand tools for demolition and installation
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Final Programmatic Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration | May 2026 8 • Paving of an ADA trail at Big Canyon Park would require removal of any existing surfacing or edging associated with the trail section designated. Then the subgrade (area under the proposed path) would be compacted to create a flat surface then asphalt or other allweather resilient surface would be placed in the location of the pathway and compacted in place.
o Duration: Four weeks
o Access: Big Canyon Park would be accessed via Brittan Avenue. o Equipment: One skid steer for removal of and one dump truck for off-haul of existing pathway materials, one vibratory tamper or vibrating plate compactor for soil compaction, wheeled or small track asphalt paver, self-propelled roller for asphalt compaction.
• Paving of a fire road at Eaton Park would require removal of any existing surfacing or edging associated with the trail section designated. Then the subgrade (the area under the proposed path) would be compacted to create a flat surface and asphalt or another allweather resilient surface would be placed in the location of the pathway and compacted in place.
o Duration: Four weeks
o Access: Eaton Park would be accessed via Loma Avenue. o Equipment: One skid steer for removal of and one dump truck for off-haul of existing pathway materials, one vibratory tamper or vibrating plate compactor for soil compaction, wheeled or small track asphalt paver, self-propelled roller for asphalt compaction.
• Formalizing the residential entry at Elston Court in Highlands Park would require removal of any existing surfacing or edging associated with the existing pathway. Then the subgrade (area under the proposed path) would be compacted to create a flat surface then asphalt or other all-weather resilient surface would be placed in the location of the pathway and compacted in place.
o Duration: Four weeks
o Access: Highlands Park would be accessed via Elston Court. o Equipment: One skid steer for removal of and one dump truck for off-haul of existing pathway materials, one vibratory tamper or vibrating plate compactor for soil compaction, wheeled or small track asphalt paver, self-propelled roller for asphalt compaction.
Because the following improvements are planned for implementation over a longer timeframe, construction details have not been developed, and the improvements are being evaluated at a conceptual level in this IS/MND:
• Arguello Park
o Improving access to picnic area
o Mini ropes course
• Big Canyon Park
o Erosion control measures
o Floodplain detention basin
• Highlands Park
o Converting lawn space to additional parking
• Heather Dog Exercise Area
o Replace staircase with accessible ramp
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Final Programmatic Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration | May 2026 9 • San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park
o Terraced seating and/or play areas, to be determined at time of design phase
1.3 Long-term Improvements
The long-term improvements described in the following sections are planned to occur over 10 years from adoption of the PMP.
1.3.1 New and Rehabilitated Facilities
• Water treatment systems would be installed to retrofit the water play element at Burton Park and Laureola Park. A surge basin or treatment tank would be added to the existing play elements by digging a hole near the play element and trenching lines from the water element to the storage tank and from the storage tank to the treatment system then back to the water element.
o Duration: Ten weeks
o Access: Laureola Park would be accessed via the parking lot off Old County Road.
Burton Park would be accessed via Chestnut Street.
o Equipment: Excavator for water play element storage tank, walk-behind or rideon trencher, hand tools to patch asphalt. • New restrooms with flushable toilets, running water, and lighting would be considered at Cedar Street Park. The new restrooms would involve trenching to extend utilities for electricity, water, and sewer from the street to the restroom site. Soil would be excavated using a skid steer or excavator to prepare a concrete pad. The restroom would be a prefabricated model transported to the site on a flatbed truck, which would require a crane to move and assemble the restroom components.
o Duration: Two months
o Access: Cedar Street Park would be accessed via Cedar Street. o Equipment: Walk-behind or ride-on trencher, vibratory compactor, one flatbed truck, one crane, concrete truck
• Replacement of the playground area and equipment at Highlands Park would include the removal of the existing play structures and equipment. Existing poured-in-place surfacing would be removed and resurfaced with new poured-in-place surfacing. o Duration: Eight weeks
o Access: Highlands Park would be accessed via Aberdeen Drive. o Equipment: Forklift to move or position play structure components, one flatbed truck for removal of old structures, one skid steer for removal of and one dump truck for off-haul of existing surfacing materials, one vibratory tamper or vibrating plate compactor, wheeled or small track asphalt paver, self-propelled roller for asphalt compaction, pick-up truck for transport of old and new equipment, mortar mixer and power drill for blending pour-in-place rubber surfacing, hand tools for spreading pour-in-place rubber, walk-behind or ride-on trencher, one flatbed truck, one crane, concrete truck.
Because the following improvements are planned for implementation over a longer timeframe, construction details have not been developed and the improvements are being evaluated at a conceptual level in this IS/MND:
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Final Programmatic Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration | May 2026 10 • Building electrification of the Adult Community Center, Kiwanis building, Youth Center, and Laureola building
• Demolition of the Kiwanis building and Laureola building for the construction of new community buildings
• Youth Center renovations for restrooms, storage, and office space • Conversion of City Hall Dog Park into a civic plaza
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Final Programmatic Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration | May 2026 Appendix B
APPENDIX B. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES MEMORANDUM
(.
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WRA, Inc. | 2169 G East Francisco Blvd., San Rafael, CA 94901 www.wra-ca.com · ph: 415.454.8868 · WRA #340137
MEMORANDUM
TO: Rylee Rodriguez
Gates and Associates FROM: Tommy Dryer, WRA, Inc.Rachel Miller, WRA, Inc.
CC: Melonie Reynolds, Gates and Associates
Shauna Wright, Gates and Associates
Robin Graham, WRA, Inc.
Renata Robles, WRA, Inc.
DATE: February 10, 2025
SUBJECT: Biological Resources Assessment for San Carlos Parks Master Plan
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This memorandum provides a high-level assessment of existing conditions pertaining to biological resources, recreation (including trail use), and wildfire hazards at Parks and Open Space in the City of San Carlos, San Mateo County, California (Attachment A – Figure 1).
Following the baseline information collected for these resources, management recommendations are provided to promote a balanced and fair approach that considers environmental protection, public health and safety, diverse recreation, and sustainability. This assessment was conducted by WRA, Inc. (WRA) at the request of the City of San Carlos Parks and Recreation Department (City) to inform and support the Parks Master Plan update.
The Study Area evaluated in this assessment includes a total of 17 Parks and Open Space areas within the City of San Carlos which total 136.2 acres, comprised of 3 community parks, 5 neighborhood parks, 5 mini parks, 3 special use areas, and 2 open space areas. A summary of park types within the City’s park system is as follows (City of San Carlos 2009):
• Community parks: 10- to 20-acre parks containing a wide variety of facilities for active and passive recreation, organized sports, and night use • Neighborhood parks: 4- to 10-acre parks providing daily recreation for nearby residents • Mini parks: small parks less than 1 acre in size that accommodate daily recreation needs of nearby residents
• Special use areas: parks providing unique recreational amenities (i.e., dog parks) • Open space areas: lands set aside for preservation of significant natural resources, open space and public education.
The Parks and Open Space areas feature the following: trails which meander through chaparral, oak woodland, and riparian habitats; recreation areas including playgrounds and sports fields; and public gathering spaces including native pollinator gardens in Vista and Chilton Parks; and picnic areas. Parks and open space areas are generally surrounded by single-family residential land use.
In addition to documenting existing biological communities and sensitive habitats in City parks and Open Space areas, WRA broadly assessed the baseline quality of such habitats located near the trails. This will enable the City to track and evaluate any changes in habitat quality and implement management actions accordingly. Since this is a programmatic, high-level planning effort intended to inform future actions, there is no current proposed “project” in which impacts
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2 can be assessed. Examples of potential future “projects” may include e but are not limited to:
trail repair, trail building, constructing footbridges, pruning back vegetation along trails, sediment dredging, and vegetative fuels management.
Table 1. San Carlos City Parks and Open Spaces
PARK NAME ACRES TYPE* LOCATION
Arguello Park 19.67 Community Park 260 Wellington Drive Burton Park 9.61 Community Park 900 Chestnut Street
Highlands Park 17.80 Community Park 2600 Melendy Drive
Cedar Street 0.70 Mini-Park 10 Cedar Street
Frank D. Harrinton Park 0.12 Mini-Park 759 Laurel Street Hillcrest Circle Park 0.39 Mini-Park 280 Hillcrest Road Rosek Park 0.06 Mini-Park 455 Elm Street
San Carlos Avenue
Neighborhood Park
0.35 Mini-Park 2451 San Carlos Avenue
Chilton Park 1.65 Neighborhood Park 48 Bayview Drive
Crestview Park 6.84 Neighborhood Park Crestview Drive at Leslie Court Laureola Park 2.73 Neighborhood Park 503 Old Country Road North Crestview Park 4.00 Neighborhood Park 350 Crestview Drive Vista Park 4.01 Neighborhood Park 401 Crestview Drive
Big Canyon Park 55.47 Open Space 3190 Brittan
Eaton Park 65.71 Open Space 3000 Eaton Avenue
City Hall Dog Park 0.64 Special Use 1401 San Carlos Avenue Heather Dog Area 2.05 Special Use 2757 Melendy Drive
Skyway Road Land 2.51 Special Use By San Carlos Airport
2.0 REGULATORY BACKGROUND
The following sections explain the regulatory context of the biological assessment, including applicable laws and regulations that were applied to the field investigations and would apply to any future, ground disturbing actions to sensitive and common species that the City may choose to implement following adoption of the San Carlos Parks Master Plan.
2.1 Special-Status Species
Special-status species include those plants and wildlife species that have been formally listed, are proposed as endangered or threatened, or are candidates for such listing under the federal Endangered Species Act (FESA) or California Endangered Species Act (CESA). These Acts afford protection to both listed and proposed species. In addition, California Department of Fish and
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3 Wildlife (CDFW) Species of Special Concern (SSC), and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Species of Concern (SOC), are species that face extirpation if current population and habitat trends continue. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Birds of Conservation Concern, sensitive species included in USFWS Recovery Plans, and CDFW special-status invertebrates are also considered special-status species. Although CDFW SSC generally have no special legal status, they are given special consideration under CEQA. In addition to regulations for special-status species, most birds in the United States, including non-status species, are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) of 1918. Under this legislation, destroying active nests, eggs, and young is illegal. Bat species designated as “High Priority” by the Western Bat Working Group qualify for legal protection under Section 15380(d) of the CEQA Guidelines. “High Priority” species are defined as “imperiled or are at high risk of imperilment based on available information on distribution, status, ecology and known threats”.
Plant species included within the California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants (Inventory, CNPS 2020) with California Rare Plant Rank (Rank) of 1, 2, and 3 are also considered special-status plant species and must be considered under the CEQA. Some Rank 4 plant species meet the definitions of Section 1901 Chapter 10 of the Native Plant Protection Act or Sections 2062 and 2067 of the California Fish and Game Code (CFGC) that outlines CESA. However, the CNPS and CDFW strongly recommend that these species be fully considered during the preparation of environmental documentation related to CEQA. This may be particularly appropriate for the type locality of a Rank 4 plant species, for populations at the periphery of a species range, or in areas where the taxon is especially uncommon or has sustained heavy losses, or from populations exhibiting unusual morphology or occurring on unusual substrates. A description of Ranks is provided below in Table 1.
Table 2. Description of Ranks and Threat Codes
CALIFORNIA RARE PLANT RANKS
Rank 1A Presumed extirpated in California and either rare or extinct elsewhere Rank 1B Rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere Rank 2A Presumed extirpated in California, but common elsewhere Rank 2B Rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but common elsewhere Rank 3 Plants about which more information is needed - A review list Rank 4 Plants of limited distribution - A watch list
THREAT RANKS
0.1 Seriously threatened in California
0.2 Moderately threatened in California
0.3 Not very threatened in California
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4 2.2 Sensitive Biological Communities
Sensitive biological communities include habitats that fulfill special functions or have special values, such as wetlands, streams, and riparian habitat. These habitats are regulated under federal regulations (such as the Clean Water Act [CWA]), state regulations (such as the PorterCologne Act, the CDFW Streambed Alteration Program, and CEQA), or local ordinances or policies (such as City or County Tree Ordinances, Special Habitat Management Areas, applicable Local Coastal Programs, and General Plan Elements).
2.3 Waters of the United States
Section 404 of the CWA gives the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) regulatory and permitting authority regarding discharge of dredged or fill material into “navigable waters of the United States”. Section 502(7) of the CWA defines waters as “waters of the United States, including territorial seas.” Section 328 of Chapter 33 in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) defines the term “waters of the United States” as it applies to the jurisdictional limits of the authority of the Corps under the CWA.
A summary of the definition of “waters of the U.S.” in 33 CFR 328.3 as published in 1986 includes:
(1) waters which are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide; the territorial seas; or interstate waters; (2) impoundments of waters otherwise defined as waters of the United States under this definition, other than impoundments of waters identified under paragraph (5) of this section;
(3) tributaries of waters identified in paragraph (1) or (2) of this section that are relatively permanent, standing or continuously flowing bodies of water; (4) wetlands adjacent to the following waters: waters identified in paragraph (1) of this section; or relatively permanent, standing or continuously flowing bodies of water identified in paragraph (2) or (3) of this section and with a continuous surface connection to those waters;
(5) intrastate lakes and ponds not identified in paragraphs (1) through (4) of this section that are relatively permanent, standing or continuously flowing bodies of water with a continuous surface connection to the waters identified in paragraph (1) or (3) of this section.
Some areas that meet the technical criteria for wetlands or waters may not be jurisdictional under the CWA per Section 404 regulations and the Corps Manual. As defined in 33 CFR 328.3(b), the following features are exempt from Section 404 Jurisdiction:
(1) Waste treatment systems, including treatment ponds or lagoons, designed to meet the requirements of the Clean Water Act;
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5 (2) Prior converted cropland designated by the Secretary of Agriculture. The exclusion would cease upon a change of use, which means that the area is no longer available for the production of agricultural commodities. Notwithstanding the determination of an area’s status as prior converted cropland by any other Federal agency, for the purposes of the Clean Water Act, the final authority regarding Clean Water Act jurisdiction remains with EPA;
(3) Ditches (including roadside ditches) excavated wholly in and draining only dry land and that do not carry a relatively permanent flow of water; (4) Artificially irrigated areas that would revert to dry land if the irrigation ceased; (5) Artificial lakes or ponds created by excavating or diking dry land to collect and retain water and which are used exclusively for such purposes as stock watering, irrigation, settling basins, or rice growing;
(6) Artificial reflecting or swimming pools or other small ornamental bodies of water created by excavating or diking dry land to retain water for primarily aesthetic reasons; (7) Waterfilled depressions created in dry land incidental to construction activity and pits excavated in dry land for the purpose of obtaining fill, sand, or gravel unless and until the construction or excavation operation is abandoned and the resulting body water meets the definition of waters of the United States; and
(8) Swales and erosional features (e.g., gullies, small washes) characterized by low volume, infrequent, or short duration flow.
In the Corps Rivers and Harbors regulations (33 CFR Part 329.4), the term “navigable waters of the U.S.” is defined to include all those waters that are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide, and/or presently used, or have been used in the past, or may be susceptible for use to transport interstate or foreign commerce.
The limits of Corps jurisdiction under Section 404 as given in 33 CFR Section 328.4 are as follows:
(1) Territorial seas: three nautical miles in a seaward direction from the baseline; (2) Tidal waters of the U.S.: high tide line (HTL) or to the limit of adjacent non-tidal waters;
(3) Non-tidal waters of the U.S.: ordinary highwater mark or to the limit of adjacent wetlands; or
(4) Wetlands: to the limit of the wetland.
The Corps has developed standard methods and data reporting forms contained in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (Corps Manual; Environmental Laboratory 1987) and the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (Arid West Supplement; Corps 2008) to determine the presence or absence of Waters of the U.S. Note that this assessment did not include a formal delineation, and a Corps-verified delineation would be required to identify wetlands and non-wetland waters in the Study Area that are potentially subject to regulation under Section 404 of the CWA.
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6 2.4 Waters of the State
The Dickey Water Pollution Act of 1949 and Porter Cologne Act of 1969 established the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and nine Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) districts in the State of California. The SWRCB and each RWQCB district regulates activities in Waters of the State, which include Waters of the U.S. Waters of the State are defined by the Porter-Cologne Act as “any surface water or groundwater, including saline waters, within the boundaries of the state.” In addition, the SWRCB has adopted a wetland definition that is similar to, but slightly different from, that used by the Corps. The state definition as adopted in April 2019 and currently in effect, states that:
An area is wetland if, under normal circumstances, (1) the area has continuous or recurrent saturation of the upper substrate caused by groundwater, or shallow surface water, or both; (2) the duration of such saturation is sufficient to cause anaerobic conditions in the upper substrate; and (3) the area’s vegetation is dominated by hydrophytes or the area lacks vegetation.
The RWQCB regulates discharges of fill and dredged material under Section 401 of the CWA and the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act through the State Water Quality Certification Program. State Water Quality Certification is necessary for all projects that require a Corps permit, or fall under other federal jurisdiction, and have the potential to impact waters of the State. In order for a Section 404 permit to be valid, Section 401 of the CWA requires a Water Quality Certification or waiver to be obtained. The Water Quality Certification (or waiver) determines that the permitted activities will not violate water quality standards individually or cumulatively over the term of the action. Water quality certification must be consistent with the requirements of the CWA, CEQA, the CESA and Porter-Cologne Act.
If a proposed project or portion of a proposed project does not require a federal permit, but does involve dredge or fill activities that may result in a discharge to Waters of the State, the RWQCB has the option to regulate the dredge and fill activity under its state authority in the form of Waste Discharge Requirements or Certification of Waste Discharge Requirements. In these cases, a Water Quality Certification is not necessary under Section 401 of the CWA because federal jurisdiction does not apply.
2.5 Streams, Lakes, and Riparian Habitat
Streams and lakes, as habitat for fish and wildlife species, are subject to jurisdiction by CDFW under Sections 1600-1616 of the CFGC. Alterations to or work within or adjacent to streambeds or lakes generally require a 1602 Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreement. The term stream, which includes creeks and rivers, is defined in the California Code of Regulations (CCR) as follows: “a body of water that flows at least periodically or intermittently through a bed or channel having banks and supports fish or other aquatic life. This includes watercourses having a surface or subsurface flow that supports or has supported riparian vegetation” (14 CCR 1.72). In addition, the term stream can include ephemeral streams, dry washes, watercourses with subsurface flows, canals, aqueducts, irrigation ditches, and other means of water conveyance if they support aquatic life, riparian vegetation, or stream dependent terrestrial wildlife (CDFG ESD 1994). Riparian is defined as, “on, or pertaining to, the banks of a stream;” therefore, riparian vegetation is defined as, “vegetation which occurs in and/or adjacent to a stream and is dependent on, and occurs because of, the stream itself” (CDFG ESD 1994). Removal of riparian vegetation also requires a Section 1602 Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreement from CDFW.
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7 2.6 Other Sensitive Biological Communities
Other sensitive biological communities not discussed above include habitats that fulfill special functions or have special values. Natural communities considered sensitive are those identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by the CDFW. The CDFW ranks sensitive communities as “threatened” or “very threatened” and keeps records of their occurrences in its Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB, CDFW 2024b). Sensitive plant communities are also identified by CDFW on their List of California Natural Communities Recognized by the CNDDB (CDFW 2023). Impacts to sensitive natural communities identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the CDFW or USFWS must be considered and evaluated under CEQA (CCR: Title 14, Div. 6, Chap. 3, Appendix G). Specific habitats may also be identified as sensitive in City or County General Plans or ordinances.
2.7 Relevant City of San Carlos Policies
Policies relative to management and conservation of the City’s open space areas are found in the following planning documents:
• City of San Carlos General Plan (2009, 2023)
• San Carlos Parks, Open Space, Buildings, and other Recreational Facilities Master Plan 2009 - 2029
• East Side Innovation District Vision Plan (2021)
CITY OF SAN CARLOS GENERAL PLAN (GENERAL PLAN)
The General Plan combines Conservation and Open Space elements into a single Environmental Management Element that addresses each element’s similar and overlapping concerns. Relevant goals and policies from the General Plan Environmental Management Elements (City of San Carlos 2009, 2023) include the following:
• Work to manage or eliminate non- native invasive species from City- owned property and open space.
• Promote the preservation of native species, habitat and vegetation types and overall natural diversity.
• Use native plants wherever possible on City-owned and controlled property. • Preserve and enhance riparian areas.
• Promote the establishment of native vegetation and the removal of non- native invasive plants in riparian areas.
• Retain Pulgas, Brittan, Cordilleras and Belmont Creek channels and their 100 year floodplains wherever possible as natural open space areas. These areas are to function as storm drainage facilities and as open space greenbelts to support natural habitat. • Retain existing public open space as open space.
• Support an open space system that is diverse in uses and opportunities and includes natural function/wildlife habitat as well as passive and appropriate active recreation. • Establish public access to public open space lands appropriate to the character and conservation value of the open space.
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8 The City’s 2045 General Plan Reset contains the following relevant proposed General Plan amendment:
• Policy PR-2.3: Continue to support implementation of trail connections as identified in the City’s Master Plan for Parks, Open Space, Buildings and other Recreation Facilities Potential Trail Connections Plan.
In addition, the General Plan includes a Parks and Recreation Element that is aimed at providing, protecting and enhancing San Carlos’ public parks and recreational opportunities. Actions and policies that are relevant to this assessment are included below:
• Maintain a balance of athletic fields, active parks and passive open space that supports a variety of recreational uses.
• Continue to maintain City owned open space trails and connections to regional trails. • Encourage new development to provide trails and trail connection easements or dedications where feasible and appropriate.
• Coordinate with relevant agencies and organizations to support development of the Bay Trail Network and to provide a safe and convenient route in the vicinity of the San Carlos Airport.
• Extend and improve trails in Big Canyon, Eaton Park and Arguello Park. • Preserve and protect sensitive species and habitats in City parks and open space, as identified by the Environmental Management Element of this Plan or state and federal guidelines.
• Maintain and enhance ecological diversity in City parks and open space. • Incorporate sustainable practices into the on-going maintenance of City parks and recreational facilities.
• Continue to employ integrated pest management policy and practices as part of parks maintenance and recreation services programs.
• Replant, when necessary, with native species and/or climate appropriate plants. • Design and maintain trails with appropriate drainage standards and to prevent soil erosion.
PARKS, OPEN SPACE, BUILDINGS, AND OTHER RECREATIONAL FACILITIES MASTER PLAN (2009) The Parks, Open Space, Buildings, and other Recreational Facilities Master Plan (Parks Master Plan) was adopted in 2009 and provides an inventory of existing parks and recreation facilities as well as an analysis of the projected demand for these facilities. The Parks Master Plan also includes an implementation plan to quantify costs for development and operation of park facilities throughout the City. The current Parks Master Plan includes limited discussion of conservation management strategies. A section on environmental design encourages the use of native plant species in landscaped areas. The Parks Master Plan also mentions the use of pesticides and herbicides as part of the City’s standard maintenance activities. The implementation plan identifies the need for an Open Space and Trails Management plan to “address trails, wildlife, vegetation, geology and unstable soils, erosion, sensitive environmental resources…” among other considerations.
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9 EAST SIDE INNOVATION DISTRICT VISION PLAN (VISION PLAN; 2021) The Vision Plan sets forth goals and principles that are intended to achieve the desired character for this area of the City. In particular, the Vision Plan identifies opportunities for open space and inspires the activation of public places for community enjoyment. The following goals pertain to open space and the environment:
Establish an Open Space Network: Provide publicly accessible connected open spaces and trails in the District to serve existing and future district users and the greater San Carlos community.
Promote Environmental Stewardship: Establish environmental and resilience best practices for the District to address flooding and environmental remediation, and increase the ecological value of the area with new connections to nature for the greater community to enjoy.
3.0 METHODS
On August 13 and 14, 2024 WRA biologists, Rachel Miller and Tommy Dryer, traversed over 9 miles of official and unofficial trails within the Study Area to:
1) Ground-truth vegetation communities obtained from the San Mateo County vegetation mapping dataset (2021)
2) Determine if existing conditions provide suitable habitat for special-status plant or wildlife species,
3) Determine the baseline conditions of habitat quality within view from the trails, 4) Conduct a qualitative trail assessment, and
5) Determine the open spaces’ consistency with existing regulations and policies.
A list of incidental species observations was also compiled. Plant nomenclature follows the Jepson eFlora Project (2024), except where noted. For cases in which taxonomic discrepancies occur between Baldwin et al. and the Inventory, precedence was given to the species classification used in the Inventory.
3.1 Sensitive Biological Communities
During the site visit, WRA evaluated the species composition and area occupied by distinct vegetation communities, aquatic communities, and other land cover types. Mapping of these classifications utilized a combination of aerial imagery and ground surveys. Additionally, the San Mateo County vegetation mapping dataset (2022) was examined to provide baseline information on plant communities. In most instances, communities are characterized and mapped based on distinct shifts in plant assemblage (vegetation) and follow the California Wildlife Habitat Relationships (CWHR) system (CDFW 2024a). However, sensitive communities are classified at a more specific level and follow the California Natural Community List (CDFW 2023) and A Manual of California Vegetation (MCV), Online Edition (CNPS 2024a) classifications. Each biological community in the California Natural Community List and MCV is given a state or global ranking, ranging from 1 to 5. These rankings are defined below, with G indicating global status, and S indicating state status for California. State and/or global rankings of 1, 2, or 3 are considered sensitive.
1. Critically Imperiled — At very high risk of extinction or elimination due to very restricted range, very few populations or occurrences, very steep declines, very severe threats, or other factors.
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10 2. Imperiled — At high risk of extinction or elimination due to restricted range, few populations or occurrences, steep declines, severe threats, or other factors.
3. Vulnerable — At moderate risk of extinction or elimination due to a fairly restricted range, relatively few populations or occurrences, recent and widespread declines, threats, or other factors.
4. Apparently Secure — At fairly low risk of extinction or elimination due to an extensive range and/or many populations or occurrences, but with possible cause for some concern as a result of local recent declines, threats, or other factors.
5. Secure — At very low risk of extinction or elimination due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, and little to no concern from declines or threats.
Non-sensitive biological communities are those communities that are not afforded special protection under CEQA, and other state, federal, and local laws, regulations and ordinances, and generally are ranked 4 or 5 on a global or state level. These communities may provide suitable habitat for some special-status plant or wildlife species and are discussed below. Sensitive biological communities are defined as those communities that are given special protection under CEQA and other applicable federal, state, and local laws, regulations and ordinances. Applicable laws and ordinances are discussed above. Special methods used to identify sensitive biological communities are discussed below.
3.1.1 Wetlands and Waters
The Study Area was surveyed at a reconnaissance level to determine if any wetlands and waters potentially subject to jurisdiction by the Corps, RWQCB, or CDFW were present. The assessment was based primarily on the presence of wetland plant indicators but may also include any observed indicators of wetland hydrology as defined by the Corps Manual (Environmental Laboratory 1987) and the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (Corps 2008). Any potential wetland areas were identified as areas dominated by plant species with a wetland indicator status of obligate wetland (OBL), facultative wetland (FACW), or facultative (FAC) as given on the U.S. Department of Agriculture:
National Wetland Plant List (Corps 2020). Evidence of wetland hydrology can include evidence such as visible inundation or saturation, surface sediment deposits, algal mats and drift lines, and oxidized root channels. Given that the site visits did not include a routine-level wetland delineation and was only reconnaissance level, soils were not examined in the field as part of this assessment. Streams were remotely mapped in ArcGIS using hydrologic modeling tools including aerial imagery (Google Earth 2024), the California Aquatic Resource Inventory (CARI) dataset (2023) and topography data.
3.2 Special-status Species
Potential occurrence of special-status species in the Study Area was evaluated by first determining which special-status species occur in the vicinity of the Study Area through a literature and database search. Database searches for known occurrences of special-status species was for the San Mateo, Redwood Point, Woodside, and Palo Alto 7.5-minute U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) quadrangles. The following sources were reviewed to determine which special-status plant and wildlife species have been documented to occur in the vicinity of the Study Area:
• CNDDB records (CDFW 2024b)
• USFWS Information for Planning and Conservation Species (USFWS 2024)
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11 • CNPS Inventory records (CNPS 2024b)
• California Bird Species of Special Concern (Shuford and Gardali 2008) • USFWS Critical Habitat Mapper (USFWS 2024)
Special-status species are defined as federally or state listed species (threatened or endangered; FT, ST, FE, SE), CDFW Species of Special Concern (SSC) and CDFW Fully Protected (FP). In addition to federal and state listing status for plant species, species with a California Native Plant Society Rare Plant Ranking (CRPR) of 1 through 4 is also included in this report. Bats are also given special consideration if they are listed by the Western Bat Working Group (WBWG) as Medium or High.
3.3 Habitat Quality
The overall habitat quality of the Study Area was evaluated based on the cover of native versus non-native plant species, presence and extent of invasive plant species, and extent of anthropogenic disturbance. General notes and observations of plant species composition were made throughout the Study Area by WRA biologists while traversing throughout the existing trail network, followed by a review of aerial imagery, in order to assign a general value to the Study Area. This assessment is qualitative in nature and should not be interpreted to be a comprehensive assessment of each biological community that is identified within the Study Area.
The definitions of habitat quality ranking are listed below.
Table 3. Habitat Quality Categories
CATEGORY HABITAT DESCRIPTION
High Quality / Mostly
Intact
• Vegetation is composed of greater than 75% native plant cover
• Invasive species are generally absent based on visual estimates from the trail network
• Visible evidence of vegetation trampling by trail users is absent or negligible
Moderate Quality /
Moderately Altered or
Impacted
• Vegetation is composed of greater than 50% native plant cover
• Invasive species are present but was observed to be less than 50 square feet based on visual estimates from the trail • Visible evidence of vegetation trampling by trail users is present but not extensive
Low Quality • Vegetation is composed of less than 50% native plant cover based on visual estimates from the trail
• Invasive species are present, comprise more than 100 square feet, and is observed to be crowding out/negatively
impacting native species within the vegetation community • Visible evidence of vegetation trampling by trail users is present but not extensive
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12 CATEGORY HABITAT DESCRIPTION
Low Quality /
Extensively Altered or
Impacted
• Vegetation is composed of less than 50% native plant cover based on visual estimates from the trail
• This habitat features an invasive species as a dominant or codominant in the tree/shrub/herb stratum
• Visible evidence of vegetation trampling by trail users is present and extensive
4.0 RESULTS
4.1 Biological Communities and Vegetation Management
Non-sensitive biological communities in the Study Area include developed/disturbed, ornamental, annual grassland, coastal scrub/chaparral, closed-cone pine-cypress, coastal oak woodland, and eucalyptus groves. Sensitive biological communities include California bay woodland, California buckeye groves, saline emergent wetland, freshwater emergent wetland, intermittent streams, ephemeral streams, and other waters.
Attachment A - Figure 3 shows the location of each biological community within the 17 San Carlos Parks and one City-owned site (Skyway). Attachment A – Figure 4 displays potential jurisdictional aquatic features within the San Carlos Parks and City-owned site. Descriptions for each biological community are provided below. The mapped extent of each land cover type by park is provided in Attachment B.
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13 Table 4. Biological Communities in the Study Area
LAND COVER TYPE1 VEGETATION ALLIANCE2 RARITY
RANKING
ACRES WITHIN
STUDY AREA
NON-SENSITIVE
Developed/Disturbed - - 25.15
Ornamental - - 7.17
Annual Grassland - - 28.05
Coastal Scrub/Chaparral Adenostoma fasciculatum
shrubland alliance
G5/S5 26.02
Artemisia californica shrubland
alliance
G5/S5
Baccharis pilularis shrubland
alliance
G5/S5
Toxicodendron diversilobum
shrubland alliance
G4/S4
Closed-Cone Pine-Cypress Hesperocyparis macrocarpa -
Pinus radiata woodland seminatural alliance
GNA/SNA 9.82
Coastal Oak Woodland Quercus (agrifolia, douglasii,
garryana, kelloggii, lobata,
wislizeni) woodland alliance
G4/S4 87.04
Quercus agrifolia woodland
alliance
G4/S4
Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus (globulus,
camaldulensis) woodland seminatural alliance
GNA/SNA 0.93
SENSITIVE
California bay woodland Umbellularia californica
woodland alliance
G3/S3 5.00
California buckeye grove Aesculus californica woodland
alliance
G3/S3 2.55
Saline Emergent
Wetland
Grindelia stricta provisional
herbaceous alliance
S23/G23 1.19
Sarcocornia pacifica (Salicornia
depressa) herbaceous alliance
G4/S4
Spartina (alterniflora,
densiflora) semi-natural
herbaceous alliance
S3.2/G3
Freshwater Emergent Wetland - - 0.25
Intermittent Stream - - 0.26
Ephemeral Stream - - 0.13
Other waters - - 0.75
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14 4.1.1 Non-sensitive biological communities
Developed/Disturbed (no vegetation alliance). CDFW Rank: Not sensitive. This land cover type includes areas which have been cleared of natural vegetation. Developed areas include paved areas, structures, playgrounds, sports fields, and areas covered with permeable paving surfaces such as decomposed granite or mulch. Disturbed areas include undeveloped areas which have been previously disturbed and are currently dominated by weedy and/or ruderal vegetation, including yellow star-thistle (Centaurea solstitalis), smilo grass (Stipa miliacea), stinkweed (Dittrichia graveolens), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), iceplant (Carpobrotus edulis), French broom (Genista monspessulana), and fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum).
Developed areas cover a total of 25.15 acres of the Study Area. Developed areas are not classified as sensitive by the Corps, RWQCB, CDFW, or any other regulating agency.
Ornamental (no vegetation alliance). CDFW Rank: Not sensitive. Ornamental areas have been cleared of natural vegetation and now contain actively managed landscaping and Citymaintained trees. This land cover type includes landscaping, turfgrass lawns, pollinator gardens, and street trees. Common ornamental species in the Study Area included turf grasses, white clover (Trifolium repens), and common plantain (Plantago major) in lawns; lavender (Lavandula sp.), roses (Rosa sp.), ornamental rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), and bank catclaw (Acacia redolens) bushes. Common ornamental trees included native species such as coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Monterey pine (Pinus radiata), and coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), as well as common ornamental species such as European plum (Prunus domestica), persian silk trees (Albizia julibrissin), crepe myrtle (Lagerostroemia indica), southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), olive (Olea europaea), red pine (Pinus rubra), strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo), callery pear (Pyrus callereyana), London plane (Platanus xhispanica), Peruvian pepper tree (Schinus molle), and mulberry (Morus sp.).
Ornamental areas cover a total of 7.17 acres of the Study Area. Ornamental areas are not classified as sensitive by the Corps, RWQCB, CDFW, or any other regulating agency.
Annual Grassland (no vegetation alliance). CDFW Rank: Not sensitive. Annual grassland is common throughout California and consists of herbaceous vegetation dominated by non-native grasses and forbs. Sparse shrubs or trees may be present at low cover (< 5% absolute cover).
Within the Study Area, dominant species in the annual grasslands included slim oat (Avena barbata), brome fescue (Festuca bromoides), rattlesnake grass (Briza maxima), Mediterranean barley (Hordeum marinum ssp. gussoneanum), foxtail barley (H. murinum), Italian ryegrass (Festuca perennis), barley (Hordeum murinum), common plantain, yellow star-thistle, purple starthistle (Centaurea calcitrapa), Italian thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus), and Torrey’s melic grass (Melica torreyana).
Annual grassland was common in open spaces and neighborhood parks, covering a total of 28.05 acres in the Study Area. This land cover is not classified as sensitive by the Corps, RWQCB, CDFW, or any other regulating agency.
Coastal Live Oak Woodland (various vegetation alliances). CDFW Rank: Not Sensitive. Coastal oak woodlands are common throughout open space areas (Big Canyon Park, and Eaton Park), parks (Arguello Park, Chilton Park, North Crestview Park, Vista Park, and Heather Dog Exercise Area), covering a total of 87.04 acres in the Study Area. This land cover consists of remnant
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15 natural vegetation with an open to continuous canopy with coast live oak dominant (>50% relative cover) or co-dominant (>30% relative cover) with other broadleaf tree species. Typical co-dominant tree species in the Study Area include California buckeye (Aesculus californica), California bay (Umbellularia californica), and toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia). Patches of nonnative trees or escaped ornamental trees were also common, including olive (Olea europa), pines (Pinus ponderosa, P. halepensis, P. resinosa), Chinese pistache (Pistache chinensis), and prickly pear (Opuntia sp.). Common shrub species within coastal oak woodland include poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum), snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), sticky monkey flower (Diplacus aurantiacus), coyote brush (Baccharis pilularis), and toyon. The herbaceous layer is composed of annual grass species (described above) and shade tolerant native herbs. Common herbaceous species include Torry’s melic grass, dogtail grass (Cynosurus echinatus), maidenhair fern (Adiantum jordanii), soapplant (Chlorogalum pomeridianum), and tall sock-destroyer (Torillis arvensis).
Coastal oak woodlands include two alliances, the mixed oak woodland (Quercus [agrifolia, douglasii, garryana, kelloggii, lobata, wislizeni] woodland alliance) and the coast live oak woodland (Q. agrifolia woodland alliance). Both alliances are ranked G4/S4, and this land cover is not classified as sensitive to by the Corps, RWQCB, CDFW, or any other regulating agency.
Coastal Scrub/Chaparral (various vegetation alliances). CDFW Rank: Not sensitive. Coastal scrub occurs in the open space areas of Big Canyon Park and Eaton Park as well as North Crestview Park and Vista Park, and covers 26.02 acres of the Study Area. Costal scrub/chaparral occurs on dry, south-facing slopes, open hillsides, and steep, well-drained canyon walls. This land cover type consists of an intermittent to continuous shrub canopy which is usually less dense than chaparral. Within the Study Area, coastal scrub/chaparral is composed of a mix of several vegetation alliances, including coyote brush scrub (Baccharis pilularis shrubland alliance, G5/S5), California sagebrush scrub (Artemisia californica shrubland alliance, G5/S5), poison oak scrub (Toxicodendron diversilobum shrubland alliance, G4/S4), and chamise chaparral (Adenostoma fasciculatum shrubland alliance, G5/S5), each dominated by the respective species. Additional common non-dominant species included sticky monkey flower, toyon, Canada horseweed (Erigeron canadensis), sage (Salvia sp.), and occasional French broom (Genista monspessulana).
Occasional coast live oak occur within this community, but the individual oak trees are still relatively small and at low cover. Where an herbaceous layer is present, it was composed of non-native annual grasses typical of the annual grasslands (described above).
Within Big Canyon Park, large portions of the coastal scrub/chaparral bordering residences had been extensively grazed and trimmed back to short (6-inch) basal stems. The vegetation alliances within this land cover type are ranked G4/G4 – G5/S5, and coastal scrub/chaparral is not classified as sensitive to by the Corps, RWQCB, CDFW, or any other regulating agency.
Closed-cone Pine-Cypress (Hesperocyparis macrocarpa - Pinus radiata woodland semi-natural alliance). CDFW Rank: GNA/SNA. Closed-cone pine-cypress occurs within Highlands Park, Crestview Park, and North Crestview Park, covering 9.82 acres of the Study Area. This community is composed of planted trees, groves, and windbreaks which have naturalized in coastal areas.
Closed-cone pine-cypress is classified as the Hesperocyparis macrocarpa - Pinus radiata woodland semi-natural alliance and is defined by the presence of a moderately tall (<50 meters) open to continuous tree canopy dominated by Monterey cypress (Hesperocyparis macrocarpa) and/or introduced pines (Pinus spp.) (CNPS 2024b). Within the Study Area, dominant species included Monterey cypress, Monterey pines (Pinus radiata), red pine (Pinus resinosa), and Aleppo
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16 pine (Pinus halepensis). A sparse shrub layer was composed of coyote bush, and herbaceous species included non-native annual grassland species (as described above).
Closed-cone pine cypress is ranked GNA/SNA, and this land cover is not classified as sensitive to by the Corps, RWQCB, CDFW, or any other regulating agency.
Eucalyptus Groves (Eucalyptus (globulus, camaldulensis) woodland semi-natural alliance).
CDFW Rank: GNA/SNA. Eucalyptus groves occur in Arguello Park, Eaton Park, and the Heather Dog Exercise Area, covering 0.93 acres. Isolated eucalyptus trees are not included in this land cover type. Eucalyptus groves are dominated by one of several eucalyptus species, which are not native to North America. Eucalyptus groves are frequently situated in rural and semi-urbanized settings, along streams, and coastal hills. This community is ranked GNA/SNA, and it is not classified as sensitive to by the Corps, RWQCB, CDFW, or any other regulating agency.
4.1.2 Sensitive Biological Communities
California Bay Woodland (Umbellularia californica woodland alliance, G4/S3). CDFW Rank:
Sensitive. California bay woodlands are known from the inner and outer Coast Ranges, Transverse Ranges, and Sierra Nevada Foothills from Del Norte County south to San Diego County. This vegetation community is typically located on terraces, canyon bottoms, north-facing slopes, and rock outcrops underlain by shallow to deep sand to loam substrates (CNPS 2024a).
California bay woodlands are defined by their intermittent to continuous tree canopy dominated by California bay, with common co-dominant tree species including California buckeye (Aesculus californica), oaks (Quercus agrifolia, Q. chrysolepis, Q. wislizeni), big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum), and alder (Alnus rhombifolia, A. rubra), among others.
Within the Study Area, California bay woodland occurs in Eaton Park and cover 5.00 acres along streams in canyon bottoms. This land cover type intergrades with the neighboring coastal oak woodlands. This community is dominated by California bay (>30% relative cover), with coast live oak co-dominant, and California buckeye also common. The shrub layer was sparse, consisting of scattered individuals of poison oak, or California bay and California buckeye saplings. The herbaceous layer is sparce and dominated by shade tolerant forbs including California maidenhair (Adiantum jordanii), Torrey’s melic grass, and wood fern (Dryopteris arguta).
California bay is a noted alternate host for sudden oak death (SOD) caused by the water mold, Phytophthera ramorum. This community is ranked G4/S3 and is classified as sensitive by CDFW.
California Buckeye Groves (Aesculus californica woodland alliance, G3/S3). CDFW Rank:
Sensitive. California buckeye groves are known from the southern Cascade Range, Coast Ranges, northern Transverse Range, and Sierra Nevada Foothills from Siskiyou County south to Ventura County. This vegetation community is typically located on shallow, moderate to well-drained soils in canyons and alluvial terraces (CNPS 2024b). California buckeye groves are defined by an open to continuous tree canopy dominated by California buckeye (>30%-50% relative cover).
Within the Study Area, California buckeye groves occur in Eaton Park, along a northeast-facing slope, and covers 2.55 acres. This community commonly intergrades with the California bay and coastal oak woodland. Co-dominant species within the tree stratum include California buckeye, California bay, and coast live oak. Common shrub species include oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor), poison oak, along with coast life oak, and California bay saplings. Common
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17 herbaceous species include wood fern, tall sock-destroyer (Torilis arvensis), snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), and annual grasses including slim wild oat (Avena barbata) and ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus). California buckeye groves are ranked G3/S3 and are classified as sensitive by CDFW.
Saline Emergent Wetland (various vegetation alliances). CDFW Rank: Sensitive. Saline Emergent Wetland includes saltwater and brackish marshes dominated by perennial graminoids and forbs.
Within the Study Area, saline emergent marsh covers 1.19 acres in the Skyway Road Land within and the intertidal zone.
This community is composed of several vegetation alliances, including gumplant patches (Grindelia stricta provisional herbaceous alliance, G23/S23), pickleweed marsh (Sarcocornia pacifica herbaceous alliance, G4/S4), and cordgrass marsh (Spartina [alterniflora, densiflora], SNA), which are stratified by elevation and the resulting tidal inundation. Common species within saline emergent marsh include gumplant (Grindelia stricta), Australian saltbush (Atriplex semibaccata), sea lavender (Limonium sp.), pickleweed (Salicornia pacifica), and cordgrass (Spartina sp.). Shrubs and trees are absent from this community. Saline emergent wetlands are potential jurisdictional aquatic resources, under jurisdiction of the Corps and RWQCB.
Intermittent Stream (no vegetation alliance). Intermittent streams are linear features that have indicators of an ordinary high water mark (OHWM) and within which water flows for a portion of the year, generally drying out during the driest time of the year. Two blue-line intermittent streams, Pulgas Creek and Cordilleras Creek, occur in San Carlos city limits. Within the Study Area, 0.27 acres of intermittent streams occur in Big Canyon and Eaton Parks. Indicators of the OHWM include scour, cobble sorting, and a break in vegetation. Remnant flow and remnant inchannel pools were common in intermittent streams during the August 2024 survey. Intermittent streams within the Study Area are typically unvegetated below the OHWM, and supported mesic species immediately above the OHWM, dominated by woodfern and maidenhair fern. Ephemeral streams are potential jurisdictional aquatic resources, under jurisdiction of the Corps, RWQCB, and CDFW.
Ephemeral Stream (no vegetation alliance). Ephemeral drainages are narrow, shallow, linear features that exhibit indicators of an OHWM and convey flows only during or immediately after a precipitation event but remain dry otherwise. Ephemeral streams cover 0.13 acre within the Study Area in Big Canyon and Eaton Parks. Indicators of the OHWM include scouring and cobble sorting. Intermittent streams sometimes show a break in vegetation and support facultative upland species including poison oak within the channel. Ephemeral streams are potential jurisdictional aquatic resources, under jurisdiction of the RWQCB and CDFW.
Other Waters (no vegetation alliance). Other waters include unvegetated, open water of the tidal channels. A total of 0.75 acres of other waters occurs in the Study Area, within the Skyway Road Land. Other waters occur below the MHW (MHW) and convey tidal flows between the San Francisco Bay and the saline emergent wetland. Other waters are potential jurisdictional aquatic resources, under jurisdiction of the Corps, RWQCB, and CDFW Freshwater Emergent Wetland (no vegetation alliance). Freshwater emergent wetlands are areas which experience frequent flooding, and are defined by the dominance of erect, rooted herbaceous hydrophytes (wetland-adapted plant species). Within the Study Area, freshwater emergent wetlands cover 0.26 acre of Arguello Park. Dominant species within this community
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18 included California buckeye in the tree layer, California blackberry (Rubus ursinus), and poison oak in the shrub layer, and tall cyperus (Cyperus eragrostis), umbrella sedge (C. squarrosus), Italian rye grass (Festuca perennis), Torry’s melic grass, and English Ivy (Hedera helix) in the herbaceous layer. Indicators of the OWHM included a distinct wrack line and scour. Freshwater emergent wetlands are potential jurisdictional aquatic resources, under jurisdiction of the RWQCB and CDFW, and potentially under the jurisdiction of the Corps as well. A Corps-verified delineation would be required to determine the extent of Corps jurisdiction.
4.2 Special-Status Species
A total of 54 special-status plant species and 40 special-status wildlife species were evaluated for potential to occur within the Study Area. Of these, 12 special-status plant species and 12 special-status wildlife species have moderate or higher potential to occur or are present within the Study Area. Species were ruled out if the Study Area was not within the known/expected range for the species, if the Study Area does not contain suitable habitat/microhabitat necessary to support this species, or if the species is generally understood to be extirpated from the region.
All plant and wildlife species observed during the August 2024 site visits are included as Attachment C. The full list of the special status-species considered for this project is listed in Attachment D. Each species that has moderate or high potential to occur on site, or are present, are discussed below.
4.2.1 Plants
Franciscan onion (Allium peninsulare var. franciscanum), CRPR 1B.2. Known to Occur. Franciscan onion is a perennial forb in the lily family (Liliaceae) that blooms from May to June. It typically occurs on dry hillsides underlain by clay substrate, often derived from serpentine, in cismontane woodland and valley and foothill grassland habitat at elevations ranging from 165 to 975 feet (CDFW 2024, CNPS 2024b). This species has a serpentine affinity rank of weak indicator (1.8) (Safford et al. 2005). Associated species include California bay, California buckeye, coast live oak, leather oak (Q. durata), and purple needlegrass (CDFW 2024). Two occurrences of this species are documented in Eaton Park (CDFW 2024). This species was not observed during the August surveys; however, the surveys did not take place during the blooming period for this species and was not intended to be a rare plant survey.
Bent-flowered fiddleneck (Amsinckia lunaris), CRPR 1B.2. Moderate Potential. Bent-flowered fiddleneck is an annual forb in the forget-me-not family (Boraginaceae) that blooms from March to June. It typically occurs in open areas within cismontane woodland, valley and foothill grassland, and coastal bluff scrub habitat often underlain by clay substrate at elevations ranging from 10 to 1,625 feet (CDFW 2024, CNPS 2024b). Associated species include coast live oak, buck brush, poison oak, common yarrow, goldenback fern (Pentagramma triangularis), one-sided bluegrass (Poa secunda), woolly sunflower (Eriophyllum lanatum), and slender wild oat (Avena barbata) (CDFW 2024). Coastal oak woodland and annual grasslands within the Study Area provide suitable habitat to support this species. The nearest documented CNDDB occurrence a historical occurrence from 1933 in Redwood City; the nearest modern CNDDB occurrence is 2.3 miles northwest of the Study Area on the southeast side of Pulgas Ridge near the Crystal Springs Reservoir (CDFW 204b).
Brewer’s calandrinia (Calandrinia breweri), CRPR 4.2. High potential. Brewer’s red maids are annual forbs in the purslane family (Montiaceae) that bloom from March to June. This species typically occurs in recently burned or disturbed sites on sandy and loamy substrate in chaparral
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19 and coastal scrub habitat at elevations ranging from 30 to 3965 feet (CNPS 2024b). Observed associated species include blue oak (Quercus douglasii), chamise, Chilean trefoil (Acmispon wrangelianus), sticky monkey flower, coyote brush, and whispering bells (Emmenanthe penduliflora; CCH2 2024). Brewer’s red maids have a high potential to occur in the Study Area due to the presence of coastal scrub/chaparral habitat and sandy or loamy soils in disturbed areas. One CNDDB occurrence is documented within 5 miles, a historical collection from 1973 within the City of San Carlos at Malabar Rd and Melendy Drive.
San Francisco collinsia (Collinsia multicolor), CRPR 1B.2. Known to Occur. San Francisco collinsia is an annual herb that blooms from March to May. It typically occurs in closed-cone coniferous forest and coastal scrub at elevations ranging from 100 to 900 feet (CNPS 2024b). Associated species include poison oak, coyote brush, California coffeeberry (Frangula californica), snowberry, California blackberry, western leatherwood, oso berry (Oemleria cerasiformis), baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii), and California buttercup (Ranunculus californicus) (CDFW 2024). Coastal scrub/chaparral and moist, shady scrub or forest microhabitat suitable to support this species is located within the Study Area. Two (2) CNDDB occurrences of this species are documented in Big Canyon Park and 3 CNDDB occurrences are documented in Eaton Park, all from 2015.
Paniculate tarplant (Deinandra paniculata), CRPR 4.2. Known to Occur. Paniculate tarplant is a annual herb in the sunflower family (Asteraceae) that blooms from April (occasionally March) to November at elevations ranging from 80 to 3,085 feet (CDFW 2025, CNPS 2025b). Known associated species include common madia (Madia elegans), coastal tarweed (Deinandra corymbose), chamise, coast live oak, black sage (Salvia mellifera), upright veldt grass (Ehrharta erecta), and California spineflower (Mucronea californica) (CDFW 2025, CCH2 2025). The Study Area contains suitable coastal oak woodland and coastal scrub/chaparral to support this species.
The nearest documented occurrence is a collection from 2023 in North Crestview Park.
Western leatherwood (Dirca occidentalis), CRPR 1B.2. Known to Occur. Western leatherwood is a deciduous shrub in the mezereum family (Thymelaeaceae) that blooms from January to April, but is typically identifiable via vegetative structures into late summer and/or early fall. It typically occurs on brushy, mesic slopes in partial shade in broadleaf upland forest, chaparral, closedcone coniferous forest, cismontane woodland, North Coast coniferous forest, riparian forest, and riparian woodland habitat at elevations range from 165 to 1,285 feet (CDFW 2024, CNPS 2024b, Baldwin et al. 2012). Associated species include coast live oak, California bay, poison oak, toyon, California buckeye, coyote brush, yerba buena (Clinopodium douglasii), sword fern (Polystichum munitum), Pacific sanicle, and Douglas iris (Iris douglasiana) (CDFW 2024). One (1) CNDDB occurrence dated 2015 is documented within Eaton Park.
California bottle-brush grass (Elymus californicus), CRPR 4.3. Moderate Potential. California bottle-brush grass is a perennial graminoid in the grass family (Poaceae) that blooms from May to November. It typically occurs along stream banks or other mesic sites within broadleaf upland forest, cismontane woodland, North Coast coniferous forest, and riparian woodland habitat at elevations ranging from 45 to 1,530 feet (CNPS 2024b). Associated species include Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), California bay, red alder (Alnus rubra), California hazelnut (Corylus cornuta var. californica), California coffeeberry, California blackberry, sword fern, hedge nettle (Stachys ajugoides), bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) and woodland brome (Bromus laevipes) (CNPS 2024b, CCH2 2024). California bottle-brush grass has a moderate potential to occur in the Study Area due the presence of broadleafed upland forest, cismontane woodland, and riparian forest habitats located within the Study Area, and
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20 microhabitats of sandy humus soils are also present to support this species. The nearest documented occurrence is located 4.3 miles northwest of the Study Area, from a 1994 collection along Crystal Springs Road in the San Mateo Creek drainage (CCH2 2024).
San Mateo woolly sunflower (Eriophyllum latilobum), FE, SE, CRPR 1B.1. Moderate Potential. San Mateo woolly sunflower is a perennial herb that blooms from May to June. It typically occurs in cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, and lower montane coniferous forest habitats at elevations ranging from 150 to 1085 feet (CNPS 2024b). Associated species include coast live oak, California buckeye, California bay, foothill needle grass (Stipa lepida), California sagebrush, and white globe lily (Calochortus albus) (CDFW 2024). Suitable habitat of coastal oak woodlands and coastal scrub/chaparral habitats are located within the Study Area, and many of the associated species were also observed throughout the Study Area. The nearest CNDDB occurrence is 3.8 miles northwest, along the west side of the Crystal Springs Reservoir.
Fragrant fritillary (Fritillaria liliacea), CRPR 1B.2. Moderate potential. Fragrant fritillary is a lowgrowing, bulbiferous perennial forb in the lily family (Liliaceae) that blooms from February to April. It typically occurs in open, grassy areas in valley and foothill grassland, coastal scrub, and coastal prairie habitat at elevations ranging from 10 to 1,345 feet (CDFW 2024, CNPS 2024b).
This species has a serpentine affinity rank of weak indicator (1.8) (Safford et al. 2005). Known associated species include soap plant (Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum), coyote brush (Baccharis pilularis), purple needlegrass (Stipa pulchra), California oat grass (Danthonia californica), large flowered star tulip (Calochortus uniflorus), California buttercup (Ranunculus californicus), sun cups (Camissonia ovata), shooting stars (Dodecatheon hendersonii), needleleaf pincushion plant (Navarretia intertexta), one-sided bluegrass (Poa secunda), and Greene’s popcornflower (Plagiobothrys greenei) (CDFW 2024). The Study Area contains suitable annual grasslands and coastal scrub/chapparal to support this species. The nearest CNDDB occurrence is 0.8 miles south of the Study Area in Edgewood Park.
Arcuate bush-mallow (Malacothamnus arcuatus), CRPR 1B.2. High potential. Arcuate bushmallow is a shrub that blooms from April to September. It typically occurs in chaparral and cismontane woodland habitats at elevations ranging from 50 to 1165 feet (CNPS 2024b).
Associated species include coast live oak, bigberry manzanita (Arctostaphylos glauca), chamise, western leather wood, California sagebrush, coyote brush, and buck brush (CDFW 2024). Coastal scrub/chaparral, coastal oak woodland, and annual grassland habitats within the Study Area provide suitable habitat to support this species. The nearest CNDDB occurrence was recorded in 2004, less than 0.25 mile from Big Canyon Park and Highlands Park, along Canyon Vista Way.
Woodland woolythreads (Monolopia gracilens), CRPR 1B.2. Known to Occur. Woodland woolythreads is an annual herb that blooms from March to July. It typically occurs in broadleafed upland forest, chaparral, cismontane woodland, north coast coniferous forest, and valley and foothill grassland habitats at elevations ranging from 330 to 3935 feet (CNPS 2024b). Associated species include yerba santa (Eriodictyon spp.), chamise, buck brush, poison oak, bigberry manzanita, and sticky monkey flower (CDFW 2024). Suitable habitat of coastal oak woodland, coastal scrub/chaparral, and annual grasslands are present in the Study Area to support this species. The nearest CNDDB occurrence is a historical occurrence from 1973, in San Carlos north of Malabar Road and Melendy Drive. The nearest modern occurrence is from 2021, 0.8 mile east of the Study Area, along west side of Edgewood Park.
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21 Choris’s popcornflower (Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. chorisianus), CRPR 1B.2. Moderate Potential. Choris’s popcornflower is an annual herb that blooms from March to June. It typically occurs in chaparral, coastal prairie, coastal scrub at elevations ranging from 10 to 525 feet (CNPS 2024b). Associated species include common yarrow, coyote brush, common toad rush (Juncus bufonius), brass buttons (Cotula coronopifolia), fringed willowherb (Epilobium ciliatum), California blackberry and Buck’s horn plaintain (Plantago coronopus) (CDFW 2024). Coastal scrub/chaparral habitats with mesic microhabitats suitable to support this species are located within the Study Area. The nearest CNDDB occurrence is approximately 1.7 miles southwest, along Old Canada Road.
4.2.2 Wildlife
A total of 41 special-status wildlife species have been documented in the vicinity of the Study Area (CDFW 2024a, USFWS 2024b). Thirteen (13) of these species are known to occur within the Study Area or have the potential to occur and are discussed in greater detail below. The remaining species are unlikely or have no potential to occur due to one or more of the following reasons:
• Specific aquatic habitats (e.g., vernal pools, rivers, lakes, estuaries, ponds) necessary to support the special-status wildlife species are not present in the Study Area; • Vegetation habitats (e.g., old growth coniferous forest, dense pickleweed marsh) that provide nesting and/or foraging resources necessary support the special-status wildlife species are not present in the Study Area;
• Physical structures (e.g., mines/caves, tall cliffs, abandoned buildings) necessary to provide nesting, roosting, or cover habitat for special-status wildlife species are not present in the Study Area;
• Soil substrates (e.g., serpentine soils, sandy soils) necessary support special-status wildlife species and specific host plants are not present in the Study Area; • The Study Area is outside of the species’ documented range; • The Study Area is beyond the known maximum dispersal distance from any potential source populations.
KNOWN TO OCCUR
San Francisco dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes annectens), CDFW Species of Special Concern. This subspecies of the dusky-footed woodrat occurs in the Coast Ranges between San Francisco Bay and the Salinas River (Matocq 2004). Occupied habitats are variable and include forest, woodland, riparian areas, and chaparral. Woodrats feed on woody plants, but will also consume fungi, grasses, flowers, and acorns. Foraging occurs on the ground and in bushes and trees. This species constructs robust stick houses/nests in areas with moderate cover and a welldeveloped understory containing woody debris. Breeding takes place from December to September. Individuals are active year-round and generally nocturnal.
Evidence of woodrat activity was identified during the site visit(s) within Big Canyon Park, Eaton Park, and Arguello Park. Numerous woodrat structures were observed both along riparian corridors and in more upland thickets of various types of shrubs, many within 30 to 50 feet of existing trails. While no woodrat individuals were observed, this species should be assumed to
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22 have potential to nest in any portion of the Study Area that contains a relatively dense understory.
White tailed kite (Elanus leucurus), CDFW Fully Protected Species. The white-tailed kite is resident in open to semi-open habitats throughout the lower elevations of California, including grasslands, savannahs, woodlands, agricultural areas and wetlands. Vegetative structure and prey availability seem to be more important habitat elements than associations with specific plants or vegetative communities (Dunk 1995). Nests are constructed mostly of twigs and placed in trees, often at habitat edges. Nest trees are highly variable in size, structure, and immediate surroundings, ranging from shrubs to trees greater than 150 feet tall (Dunk 1995). This species preys upon a variety of small mammals, as well as other vertebrates and invertebrates.
While this species was not observed during the site visit(s), white-tailed kite commonly occurs in the region and several local occurrences have been documented throughout the Study Area in eBird. This species should be considered present in parks and open spaces that provide small trees interspersed with grasses and low shrubs, which may provide suitable nesting or foraging habitat.
Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia). CDFW Species of Special Concern; Currently petitioned as a CDFW Candidate Species. The burrowing owl occurs as a year-round resident and winter visitor in much of California’s lowlands, inhabiting open areas with sparse or non-existent tree or shrub canopies. Typical habitat is annual or perennial grassland, although human-modified areas such as agricultural lands and airports are also used (Poulin et al. 1993). This species is dependent on burrowing mammals to provide the burrows that are characteristically used for shelter and nesting, and in northern California is typically found in close association with California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi). Manmade substrates such as pipes or debris piles may also be occupied in place of burrows. Prey consists of insects and small vertebrates. Breeding typically takes place from March to July.
Burrowing owls are known to occur at the San Carlos Airport and immediate vicinity. A wintering owl was documented between Skyway Road and the southernmost extent of the airport as recently as December 2021 (eBird 2024). As such, this species should be presumed present on parcels in close proximity to San Carlos Airport. However, suitable habitat components were not observed within other City parks or open space areas evaluated in this assessment and this species has not been documented elsewhere in San Carlos (CDFW 2024b).
MODERATE OR HIGHER POTENTIAL TO OCCUR
Hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), WBWG Medium. Hoary bats are highly associated with forested habitats in the western United States, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. They are a solitary species and roost primarily in foliage of both coniferous and deciduous trees, near the ends of branches, usually at the edge of a clearing. Roosts are typically 10 to 30 feet above the ground.
This species tolerates a wide range of temperatures and has been captured at air temperatures between 0 and 22 degrees Celsius. They usually emerge late in the evening to forage, typically from just over one hour after sunset to after midnight.
Many of the CNDDB occurrences in the vicinity that document this species are older “specimen samples” from the early 1900’s. However, this species is known to occur in forested and woodland habitats within the San Francisco Bay Area. Wooded habitats within the Study Area,
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23 particularly in the vicinity of riparian areas that could provide sources of forage, should thus be considered to have moderate potential to support hoary bat and other non-special-status bats with baseline protections.
Pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus). CDFW Species of Special Concern, WBWG High Priority. The pallid bat is broadly distributed throughout much of western North America and typically occurs in association with open, rocky areas. Occupied habitats are highly variable and range from deserts to forests in lowland areas, and include higher-elevation forests. Roosting may occur singly or in groups of up to hundreds of individuals. Roosts must offer protection from high temperatures and are typically in rock crevices, mines, caves, or tree hollows; manmade structures are also used, including buildings (both vacant and occupied) and bridges. Pallid bats are primarily insectivorous, feeding on large prey that is usually taken on the ground but sometimes in flight (WBWG 2018).
Many of the CNDDB occurrences that document this species are older “specimen samples” from the early to mid-1900’s. However, this species is known to occur in a variety of habitats within the San Francisco Bay Area. Suitable roost sites (i.e. tree snags, basal cavities, and rock outcrops/crevices) were observed within the Study Area, particularly in Big Canyon Park, Eaton Park, and Arguello Park. In addition, numerous bat boxes were observed along existing trails that may provide roosting habitat for pallid bats or other bat species with baseline protections.
Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi), CDFW Species of Special Concern. The olive-sided flycatcher is a summer resident in California, wintering in Latin America. It breeds in a variety of forested habitats, typically coniferous forests at higher elevations, but also in mixed forest and woodlands at lower elevations. Breeding habitat is often associated with forest openings and edges, both natural (e.g., meadows, canyons) and man-made (e.g., logged areas) (Altman and Sallabanks 2012). Nests are usually in conifers, and placed at variable height on the outer portions of branches. This species forages for insects, usually from prominent tree snags.
Although this species was not observed during site visits, olive-sided flycatcher sightings are regularly reported east of the Study Area, within Pulgas Ridge Open Space Preserve (CDFW 2024b). Given that Big Canyon and Eaton Park provide mixed woodland habitat and habitat edges, this species may be present. Although these habitats could support nesting, this species may be more commonly observed foraging within the Study Area given that more densely forested habitat is present in the region.
San Francisco (saltmarsh) common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas sinuosa), CDFW Species of Special Concern. This subspecies of the common yellowthroat is found in freshwater marshes, coastal swales, riparian thickets, brackish marshes, and saltwater marshes. Their breeding range extends from Tomales Bay in the north, Carquinez Strait to the east, and Santa Cruz County to the south. This species requires thick, continuous cover such as tall grasses, tule patches, or riparian vegetation down to the water surface for foraging and prefers willows for nesting (Shuford and Gardali 2008).
Marsh vegetation within the Skyway Road Land and immediate vicinity has potential to support nesting and foraging. However, this species is unlikely to occur within other parks and open space areas due to the absence of suitable habitat types and vegetation characteristics. For example, intermittent and ephemeral streams within Big Canyon and Eaton Park lack thick, continuous cover down to the water surface and do not provide willows for nesting.
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24 Alameda (South Bay) song sparrow (Melospiza melodia pusillula), CDFW Species of Special Concern, USFWS Bird of Conservation Concern. Alameda song sparrow, a subspecies of the common and widespread song sparrow (M. melodia), is an endemic resident of marsh habitat along the fringes of south and east San Francisco Bay. This subspecies prefers tidally influenced marsh, and taller shrubs such as gumplant are required for breeding to avoid nest flooding during high tides (Shuford and Gardali 2008).
Marsh vegetation within the Skyway Road Land and immediate vicinity likely support nesting and foraging. Other parks and open spaces evaluated in this assessment do not provide suitable habitat to support this species.
Northern harrier (Circus hudsonius [cyaneus]). CDFW Species of Special Concern. The northern harrier occurs as a resident and winter visitor in open habitats throughout most of California, including freshwater and brackish marshes, grasslands and fields, agricultural areas, and deserts. Harriers typically nest in treeless areas within patches of dense, relatively tall, vegetation, the composition of which is highly variable; nests are placed on the ground and often located near water or within wetlands (Shuford and Gardali 2008). Harriers are birds of prey and subsist on a variety of small mammals and other vertebrates.
Marsh vegetation within the Skyway Road Land and immediate vicinity has potential to support nesting and foraging. However, this species is unlikely to occur in other parks and open spaces due to the absence of suitable habitat types and vegetation characteristics. For example, open grassland areas within Big Canyon Park are regularly mowed/grazed for fire control purposes and thus do not provide tall, dense grasses suitable for nesting.
American badger (Taxidea taxus), CDFW Species of Special Concern. The American badger is a large, semi-fossorial member of the Mustelidae (i.e. weasel family). It is found uncommonly within the region in drier open stages of most scrub, forest, and herbaceous habitats where friable soils and prey populations are present. Badgers are typically solitary and nocturnal, digging burrows to provide refuge during daylight hours. Burrow entrances are usually elliptical (rather than round), and each burrow generally has only one entrance. Young are born in the spring and independent by the end of summer. Badgers are carnivores, preying on a variety of fossorial mammals (especially ground squirrels) and occasionally other vertebrates and their eggs. Home ranges for this species tend to be large, depending on the habitat available; population density averages one badger per square mile in prime open country (Long 1973).
This species is likely to avoid highly trafficked areas where trails have been relatively compacted, or densely wooded or vegetated habitats within the Study Area. However, friable soils and more open habitats exist in higher elevation locations (i.e. on grassy slopes) within Big Canyon Park and Eaton Park could support this species. No large mammal burrows were observed during the site visits.
Crotch bumble bee (Bombus crotchii), State candidate. Crotch bumble bee (CBB) occurs primarily in central and southern California, from coastal areas inland to the foothills (Williams et al. 2014). This species is now largely absent from the Central Valley, although it was historically common in this region (Hatfield et al. 2015). CBB occurs in grassland and scrub habitats and has also been documented in agricultural areas. Like other bumble bee species, CBB is a social species with an annual life cycle. Queens emerge from hibernation in the late
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25 winter/early spring to establish a new colony. The colony produces workers throughout the spring and summer, and reproductives (i.e. drones and queens) in the early fall. Nests are built in pre-existing cavities. They are commonly found underground, in abandoned rodent burrows, or aboveground in grass tufts, rock piles, abandoned bird nests, or tree cavities. CBB feeds on pollen and nectar during all life stages; preferred host species include (but are not limited to) milkweeds (Asclepias spp.), chaenactis (Chaenactis spp.), clarkias (Clarkia spp.), larkspurs (Delphinium spp.), buckwheats (Eriogonum spp.), lupines (Lupinus spp.), medicks (Medicago spp.), bladderpod (Peritoma arborea), phacelias (Phacelia spp.), poppies (Eschscholzia spp.), and sages (Salvia spp.). Queens overwinter in hibernacula; little is known about habitat requirements for hibernacula; bare ground, leaf litter and/or duff, and pre-existing cavities may provide overwintering habitat.
The Study Area is within the current range of this species. CBB may occur in grassland and scrub habitats where flowering resources and burrowing rodent activity are present, mostly likely within Big Canyon Park, Eaton Park, and Arguello Park. Note, the timing of vegetation management may affect the availability of flowing resources during different periods of the season. For example, if grasslands within the Study Area are heavily grazed in the summer, the Study Area may function as early season foraging habitat but may not support nesting.
California Ridgway’s (clapper) rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus). Federal Endangered, State Endangered, CDFW Fully Protected Species. The California Ridgway’s rail (CRR), formerly known as California clapper rail (R. longirostris obsoletus), is the resident Ridgway’s/clapper rail subspecies of northern and central California. Although more widespread in the past, it is currently restricted to the San Francisco Bay estuary. The CRR occurs only within salt and brackish marshes. According to Harvey (1988), Shuford (1993) and Eddleman and Conway (1998), important CRR habitat components are: 1) well-developed tidal sloughs and secondary channels; 2) beds of cordgrass (Spartina spp.) in the lower marsh zone; 3) dense salt marsh vegetation for cover, nest sites, and brooding areas; 4) intertidal mudflats, gradually sloping banks of tidal channels, and cordgrass beds for foraging; 5) abundant invertebrate food resources; and 6) transitional vegetation at the marsh edge to serve as a refuge during high tides. In south and central San Francisco Bay and along the perimeter of San Pablo Bay, CRR typically inhabits salt marshes dominated by pickleweed and cordgrass. Brackish marshes supporting CRR occur along major sloughs and rivers of San Pablo Bay and along tidal sloughs of Suisun Marsh. Nesting occurs from March through July, with peak activity in late April to late May (DeGroot 1927, Harvey 1980, Harvey 1988). CRR nests, constructed of wetland vegetation and platform-shaped, are placed near the ground in clumps of dense vegetation, usually in the lower marsh zone near small tidal channels (DeGroot 1927, Evens and Page 1983, Harvey 1988).
CRR is known to occur in sloughs associated with Bair Island State Marine Park, in the vicinity of the Study Area (CDFW 2024b). The Skyway Road Land contains a tidal channel and secondary channels that border existing development, Highway 101, and a portion of the San Francisco Bay Trail. Although tidal marsh habitat within this parcel is limited in extent and relatively homogenous in terms of zonation and other characteristics, some habitat features are present, including exposed mudflats and pockets of cordgrass. It is unlikely that CRR would nest within the Study Area given the proximity to existing development/disturbance and the availability of more extensive habitat in the vicinity. However, given the connectivity to expansive habitat with known occurrences, CRR has some potential to occur within marsh habitat adjacent to the San Carlos Airport.
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26 UNLIKELY TO OCCUR
Northwestern pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata), Proposed Federal Threatened, CDFW Species of Special Concern. The western pond turtle is the only native freshwater turtle in California. This turtle is uncommon to common in suitable aquatic habitat throughout California, west of the Sierra-Cascade crest and Transverse Ranges. Western pond turtles inhabit perennial aquatic habitats, such as lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, and canals that provide submerged cover and suitable basking structures, such as rocks and logs (Zeiner et. al. 1990). Western pond turtles prefer to nest on unshaded upland slopes close to their aquatic habitat, and hatchlings require shallow water with relatively dense emergent and submergent vegetation for foraging for aquatic invertebrates (Jennings and Hayes 1994).
The Study Area does not provide perennial aquatic habitat to support this species. Streams observed within the Study Area are intermittent or ephemeral and do not have direct connectivity to larger perennial features. Furthermore, stream channels are fairly narrow, lack emergent vegetation, provide limited opportunities for basking, and are unlikely to provide flows sufficient to support this species. In addition, surrounding uplands are not suitable for nesting. As such, aquatic habitats within the Study Area are unlikely to support this species.
California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii). Federal Threatened, CDFW Species of Special Concern. The California red-legged frog (CRLF) is the only native “pond frog” found throughout much of California. Suitable aquatic breeding habitat is characterized by deep and still or slowmoving water associated with emergent marsh and/or riparian vegetation, typically with at least 20 weeks of continuous inundation (USFWS 2010). Suitable features include ponds (perennial and non-), streams/creeks, seasonal wetlands, springs, seeps, man-made features (e.g. stock ponds, roadside ditches), marshes, dune ponds, and lagoons. Dependent upon local conditions, CRLF may complete its entire life cycle in a particular habitat patch (e.g., a perennial pond suitable for all life stages), or utilize multiple habitat types. In aquatic features that dry down seasonally, CRLFs often undergo aestivation (a period of inactivity) during the dry months, retreating to small mammal burrows or other substrates that provide suitable refugia (Thomson et al. 2016).
Adults and sub-adults (newly metamorphosed individuals) may disperse from breeding habitats to nearby riparian and/or aestivation areas in the summer. Conversely, during the rainy season CRLFs may migrate from aestivation sites to waters suitable for breeding. During such dispersals, frogs can travel over one mile over a variety of topographic and habitat types (Bulger et al. 2003). Upland dispersal habitats are variable and typically include riparian corridors, grasslands, and oak savannas.
CRLF has not been documented within the Study Area or immediate vicinity. This species is known to occur in the greater vicinity of the Study Area, mainly within Crystal Springs reservoir and adjacent wetlands/ponds (CDFW 2024b). However, the Study Area is separated from Crystal Springs Reservoir by Interstate 280 and there is no hydrologic connectivity that would allow for passage of this species from known occupied habitats and source populations. Potentially suitable aquatic habitat within the Study Area is also extremely limited, given that most stream features are intermittent or ephemeral and do not provide appropriate vegetation to support breeding. Considering barriers to dispersal and the relative lack of suitable habitat, CRLF is unlikely to occur within the Study Area.
Mountain Lion (Puma concolor). CDFW Candidate Species. Mountain lions are the second largest felid in North America and have the largest geographic range of any carnivore in the western
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27 hemisphere that stretches from southern Chile to the Canadian Yukon. This large distribution speaks to the extreme adaptability of the species with respect to its ability to exploit a great variety of different habitats. This adaptability is largely explained by the species’ ability to thrive across a huge range of environmental conditions. Mountain lions are mobile predators of the landscapes that they inhabit, with home ranges within the Santa Cruz mountains estimated to be between 40 and 150 square miles. Males tend to defend smaller territories against other males and females tend to have larger territories that may overlap with other lion's territories. Deer and smaller mammals make up the majority of their diets and their hunting activities are mostly nocturnal.
Open Spaces within the Study Area represent a pocket of marginally suitable habitat, largely surrounded by urban development. However, highway 280 represents a major barrier to dispersal from more suitable habitat in the Santa Cruz mountains, and areas to the west are very densely populated. While some mountain lions may occasionally pass through the Study Area, it is likely that most mountain lions would not traverse into this area due to offsite barriers and onsite recreational activities that are currently present. The Study Area may be temporarily attractive to an individual mountain lion with a higher than typical tolerance for anthropogenic disturbance. However, it is unlikely that the site would remain occupied by a mountain lion for extended periods due to its limited size and correspondingly limited prey availability. Because the species is so adaptable, any future recreational improvements within the Study Area would not be expected to have a significant impact on mountain lions, if present, because they would simply move on to another, more suitable part of their range.
All species evaluated as part of this assessment are included in Attachment C. Table 5 below provides an overview of species with potential to occur within each of the 17 parks evaluated during the site visit.
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Table 5. Overview of Special-status Wildlife Species Potentials WPT
San
Francisco
duskyfooted
woodrat
American
badger
Whitetailed
kite
BUOW Northern
harrier
Olivesided
flycatcher
Saltmarsh
common
yellowthroat
Alameda
song
sparrow
CRR CBB Roosting
Bats
Native
Nesting
Birds
Arguello Park X X X X
Big Canyon
Park X X X X
X
X X X
Burton Park X
Cedar Street
Park X
Chilton Park X
City Hall Dog
Park X
Crestview
Park X
Eaton Park X X X X X X X X
Frank D.
Harrington
Park
X
Heather Dog
Area X
Highlands
Park X X
Hillcrest
Circle Park X
Laureola Park X
North
Crestview
Park
X X
Rosek Park X
San Carlos
Avenue Park X
Vista Park X X
Skyway Road
Land X X X X X X
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4.3 Habitat Quality
Habitat quality varies by park type within the San Carlos Parks. Open space areas, which include Big Canyon Park and Eaton Park, are moderate to high quality habitat. Within open space areas, most of the vegetation (>75% relative cover) is composed of native plant species, apart from eucalyptus groves and non-native annual grasslands. Native cover in the open space areas includes coast live oak, California buckeye, and California bay in the tree strata and toyon, poison oak, and coyote brush in the shrub strata. Invasive species were observed in open space areas but were typically limited to patches of less than 50 square feet; these represent a small portion of the overall open space areas. Visible evidence of vegetation trampling by trail users was minimal throughout open space areas. However, portions of Eaton Park adjacent to residential areas have been extensively grazed, creating a disturbed area which is recolonized with non-native annual grassland species.
Moderate quality habitat occurs in the
undeveloped portions Arguello Park,
Chilton Park, North Crestview Park,
and Vista Park. Other than non-native
annual grasslands, invasive species
were limited to discrete groves of
non-native trees such as eucalyptus,
non-native pines, and olive less than
50 square feet. Vegetation trampling
by trail users was minimal.
Anthropogenic native plant gardens in
Vista Park and Highlands Park
increase the pollinator habitat quality
of these parks.
Low quality habitat is present in the
remaining parks, which have
extensive development such as sports
fields, parking lots, playgrounds, and
ornamental landscaping. These parks
have less than 50% relative cover of
native species, although this is
typically due to non-native
landscaping rather than invasive
species presence. Vegetation
trampling is evident, especially
adjacent to playgrounds and sports
fields. Low quality habitat includes
developed areas of the parks. The
table below displays habitat quality
for each of the 17 San Carlos Parks.
PARK PARK TYPE
HABITAT
QUALITY
Arguello Park Community Park Moderate
Big Canyon Park Open Space High
Burton Park Community Park Moderate
Cedar Street Mini-Park Low
Chilton Park Neighborhood Park Moderate
City Hall Dog Park Special Use Low
Crestview Park Neighborhood Park Low
Eaton Park Open Space High
Frank D. Harrinton Park Mini-Park Low
Heather Dog Area Special Use Low
Highlands Park Community Park Moderate
Hillcrest Circle Park Mini-Park Low
Laureola Park Neighborhood Park Low
North Crestview Park Neighborhood Park Moderate
Rosek Park Mini-Park Low
San Carlos Avenue
Neighborhood Park
Mini-Park Low
Skyway Road Land Special Use Moderate
Vista Park Neighborhood Park Moderate
Table 6. Habitat Quality by Park
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30 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Habitat and Species
Although the habitat within the Open Space areas appears to be in good health, there are still management considerations and actions that should be taken to ensure this valuable community resource continues to thrive, for both residents and wildlife alike. The following recommendations are a result of observations from the reconnaissance site visits.
SUDDEN OAK DEATH. Sudden oak death (SOD, or Phythopthora ramorum) is a pathogen that is a common management concern for the City of San Carlos Parks and Open Spaces. Although SOD has been detected in San Mateo County (and much of the west coast), there are no current or active cases in the county as reported by statewide, citizen science SOD mapping efforts through Calinvasives or University of California Berkeley’s SODmap (Calflora 2024 and UC Berkeley 2024).
Two previously reported cases occurred in Eaton Park in 2008 and 2013. The 2013 case is inactive according to follow-up visits to the same infected trees as part of the Calinvasives mapping program in 2014 and 2015. The 2008 case was not revisited; however no additional new cases have been reported (Calflora 2024 and UC Berkeley 2024).
Although there are no known active cases according to these databases, it is still possible that SOD is present and dormant within City of San Carlos Parks and Open Spaces. Therefore, recommendations for SOD management include adding educational signage and decontamination equipment at all trailheads for these open spaces. Educational signage may include but is not limited to the following: photos that show what symptoms of SOD look like, how to report cases to the citizen science programs mentioned previously (if observed), how to reduce the risk of spread by avoiding trails 24-48 hours after a significant precipitation event and encouraging trail users to remove tracked mud found on the bottom of shoes and bike tires.
Decontamination stations located at access points may include boot brushes and 70% isopropyl alcohol spray bottles that are mounted to the educational signage.
INVASIVE SPECIES. Several occurrences of moderate and highly-invasive species occur within the open space areas of Eaton Park and Big Canyon Park as well as undeveloped portions of Skyway Road Land, North Crestview Park, Vista Park, and the Heather Dog Area. Common invasive plant species within the Study Area include ice plant (Carpobrotus edulis, Cal-IPC: High), French broom (Genista monspessulana, Cal-IPC: High), English ivy (Hedera helix, Cal-IPC: High), Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus, Cal-IPC High), yellow star-thistle (Centaurea solstitalis), stinkwort (Dittrichia graveolens, Cal-IPC Moderate), and Italian thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus, Cal-IPC Moderate).
Invasive species were uncommon within developed and ornamental areas, due to the active management of these spaces. Recommendations for managing invasive species found within the Study Area include early detection and response. Early detection and response is a best management practice for invasive species control that focuses monitoring for new or spreading occurrences of undesirable species, then applies the most effective management action for the control of the species. For example, if an invasive species is primarily spread via seed, then attempts would be made to remove the flowering portion of the plant before the seeds have a chance to develop, mature, and spread. Another example would be species that spread via rhizome/stolons; the entire plant would be manually removed to prevent further spread.
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31 Goat or sheep grazing can be used for invasive species control; however, the timing is important.
Grazing is typically targeted prior to seed maturity and development. For example, the California Invasive Plant Council (Cal-IPC) recommends high-intensity short-duration grazing by sheep, goats, or cattle for yellow star-thistle control, after the plants have bolted but before they produce spiny heads (DiTomaso 2013).
Herbicide use may be an effective control for invasive species management within the context of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which considers all potential treatment methods and assesses the potential wildlife and habitat impacts of each. Cal-IPC recommends that when using herbicides, the most specifically targeted application method that can effectively achieve program goals should be used (Cal-IPC 2015).
Public community meetings and collaboration between the City and community groups would be helpful for invasive species control efforts. Another advantage of the SOD decontamination stations (brushes and rubbing alcohol) also reduces the inadvertent introduction of weedy species by trail users.
ADDITIONAL SURVEYS. Due to the large Study Area and number of special-status plant and wildlife species with potential to occur, protocol-level surveys for these species are recommended once the City has a clearly established project, with a project description (which includes the limits of disturbance). Having clearly defined project footprints, or smaller study areas, for protocol-level surveys will allow the City to use resource management budget wisely and comply with applicable federal, state, and local policies. This is because the number of species with potential to occur may be tailored based on the habitat present within the project footprint and will generally result in reduced species that need protocol-level surveys to determine presence/absence.
Generally, appropriately timed work can avoid or minimize impacts to special-status species and sensitive natural resources. For example, vegetation management activities should take place during September through January to avoid impacts to nesting birds. Nesting bird season is generally accepted as February 1 through August 31 for the City of Belmont. Another example includes conducting ground disturbance activities during the dry season (June through October), particularly if the project footprint will be located near waterways.
HABITAT ENHANCEMENT AND RESTORATION OPPORTUNITIES. While most of the natural habitats found within the parks and open spaces were in good condition, there are still opportunities for habitat enhancement and restoration. The non-native annual grassland and extensively grazed coastal scrub/chapparal provide particular opportunities for habitat enhancement and restoration. As is typical in non-native grasslands throughout California, the annual grasslands within the Study Area are dominated by non-native species with some native grasses and forbs.
Within the extensively grazed areas of Eaton Park, large areas of coastal scrub/chaparral have been cleared to within 6 inches of ground level. Such extensive clearing often promotes invasive species growth, particularly invasive species found in non-native annual grasslands.
If brush clearing projects near residential areas are required for fire hazard reduction, the annual grasslands could be enhanced by hydroseeding a native grass mix in disturbed areas or planting
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32 plugs of perennial native bunchgrasses to compete with the non-native annuals. This should be followed up by monitoring these re-seeded or revegetated areas, with some supplemental water to help perennial bunchgrasses become established. Additionally, conducting a grazing study would allow the City to adjust the grazing regime within San Carlos open spaces to balance grassland management and fire hazard concerns. Additionally, a grazing study could investigate the potential to use goat or sheep grazing for invasive species control.
The presence of some native pollinator gardens in Chilton Park and Vista Park is promising, and the planting of native species could be expanded throughout ornamental landscaping in San Carlos Parks. Native trees and hearty native shrubs could incrementally replace non-native ornamental species, as the current ornamentals mature and are naturally replaced over time.
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33 6.0 REFERENCES
Altman, B., and R. Sallabanks. 2000. Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi). In The Birds of North America, No. 502 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA
Bulger, J.B., S.J. Norman, and R.B. Seymour. 2003. Terrestrial Activity and Conservation of Adult California Red-legged Frogs (Rana aurora draytonii) in Coastal Forests and Grasslands. Biological Conservation 110 (2003) 85–95.
Calflora. 2024. Calinvasives Mapping Program – California Plant Pest: Phytophthora ramorum. https://www.calflora.org/entry/pathogen.html?id=pth1. Accessed August 2024 [CDFW] California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2023. List of California Sensitive Natural Communities, Updated June 1, 2023.
https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=153609&inline. Accessed: August 2024. [CDFW] California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2024a. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships. https://wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR/Wildlife-Habitats. Accessed: September 2024. [CDFW] California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2024b. Natural Diversity Database, Wildlife and Habitat Data Analysis Branch. Sacramento, California. Accessed: September 2024. [CDFG-ESD] California Department of Fish and Game, Environmental Services Division. 1994. A Field Guide to Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreements Sections 1600-1607, California Fish and Game Code. Sacramento, California. January.
City of San Carlos. 2009. City of San Carlos 2030 General Plan. Adopted October 12, 2009; Amended January 23, 2023.
https://www.cityofsancarlos.org/city_hall/departments_and_divisions/community_development/pl anning/plans_and_standards/focused_general_plan_and_zoning_update_(2020-2023).php.
Accessed: August 2024.
[CCH2] Consortium of California Herbaria: Specimen data from the Consortium of California Herbaria. Online at: https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/about.html. Accessed September 2024.
[CNPS] California Native Plant Society. 2024a. Rare Plant Inventory. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California. Online at: https://rareplants.cnps.org/. Accessed: March 2024. [CNPS] California Native Plant Society. 2024b. A Manual of California Vegetation Online.
California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California. Online at: http://vegetation.cnps.org.
Accessed August 2024.
[Corps] United States Army Corps of Engineers. 2008. Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (Version 2.0), ed. J.S. Wakeley, R.W.
Lichvar, and C.V. Noble. ERDC/EL TR-08-28. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center.
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WRA, Inc. | 2169 G East Francisco Blvd., San Rafael, CA 94901 www.wra-ca.com · ph: 415.454.8868
34 [Corps] United States Army Corps of Engineers. 2022. National Wetland Plant List, version 3.5. http://wetland-plants.usace.army.mil/ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH DeGroot, D.S. 1927. The California clapper rail: its nesting habits, enemies and habitat. Condor 29(6): 259-270.
Dunk, JR. 1995. White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus), The Birds of the World Online (A Poole, Ed.).
Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of the World Online:
https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whtkit/cur/introduction DiTomaso, J. M., G. B. Kyser et al. 2013. Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States. Weed Research and Information Center, University of California. 544 pp.
Eddleman, W. R and C. J. Conway. 1998. Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris). In: The Birds of North America, No. 340. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. Department of the Army, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-0631.
Evens, J. and G. Page. 1983. The ecology of rail populations at Corte Madera Ecological Preserve with recommendations for management. Report prepared for the Marin Audubon Society. 62 pp.
Google Earth. 2024 Aerial Imagery 1985-2024. Accessed August 2024.
Hatfield, R., Jepsen, S., Thorp, R., Richardson, L. & Colla, S. 2015. Bombus crotchii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T44937582A46440211.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T44937582A46440211.en.
Harvey, T. E. 1988. Breeding biology of the California clapper rail in South San Francisco Bay.
Transactions of the Western Section of the Wildlife Society 24: 98-104.
Jepson eFlora Project (eds.) 2024. Jepson eFlora, Online at: https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora.
Accessed September 2024.
Long, C. A. 1973. Taxidea taxus. American Society of Mammalogy, Mammalian Species No. 26. 4 pp.
Matocq, M. 2003. Dusky-footed Woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) at Hastings: A Research Tradition.
Hastings Natural History Reservation. Available online:
http://www.hastingsreserve.org/Woodrats/DFwoodrats.html Poulin, Ray, L. D. Todd, E. A. Haug, B. A. Millsap and M. S. Martell. 2011. Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia), The Birds of the World Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of the World Online:
https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/burowl/cur/introduction
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WRA, Inc. | 2169 G East Francisco Blvd., San Rafael, CA 94901 www.wra-ca.com · ph: 415.454.8868
35 Rathbun, GB, NJ Scott, Jr., and TG Murphey. 2002. Terrestrial habitat use by Pacific pond turtles in a Mediterranean climate. The Southwestern Naturalist 47: 225-235.
San Mateo County Fine Scale Vegetation Map. 2022. San Mateo Countywide Fine Scale Vegetation Map, Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy et al. https://vegmap.press/San_Mateo_vegmap. Accessed September 2024.
Shuford, W. David, and Thomas Gardali. 2008. California Bird Species of Special Concern: A ranked assessment of species, subspecies, and distinct populations of birds of immediate conservation concern in California. No. 1. Western Field Ornithologists. [UC Berkeley] University of California Berkeley Forest Pathology and Mycology Lab. 2022. SOD Map Project. 2021 SOD Blitz Results. KMZ downloadable at https://nature.berkeley.edu/matteolab/?page_id=755. Accessed August 2024.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2010. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Revised Designation of Critical Habitat for the California Red-Legged Frog; Final Rule. Federal Register 75(51): 12816-12959. March 17.
[WBWG] Western Bat Working Group. 2017. Species Accounts. Available online at:
http://wbwg.org/western-bat-species/
Williams, P.H., R.W. Thorp, L.L. Richardson, and S.R. Colla. 2014. Bumble bees of North America:
an Identification Guide. Princeton University Press. 208 pp.
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment A. Figures
Figure 1. Regional Location Map
Figure 2. Soil Types Series
Figure 3. Land Cover Series
Figure 4. Aquatic Features Series
Attachment B. Land Cover Types by within San Carlos Parks Attachment C. Species Observed within the Study Area
Attachment D. Special-Status Species Potentials Table
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Cedar
Street
Park
Laureola Park
Vista Park
North
Crestview
Park
San Carlos Avenue
Neighborhood
Park
Arguello Park
Hillcrest
Circle
Park
City Hall Dog
Park
Frank D.
Harrington
Park
Heather Dog
Exercise Area
Burton Park
Eaton Park
Big
Canyon
Park
Crestview
Park
Highlands
Park
Skyway Road
Land Rosek Park
Chilton Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Sources: National Geographic, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 411
124
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Soils
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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113: Fagan loam, 15 to 50
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116: Maymen gravelly
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slopes
133: Urban land-Orthents,
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 413
121
132
Burton Park
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Soils
121: Orthents, cut and fill,
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132: Urban land-Orthents,
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 414
124
Cedar
Street
Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Soils
124: Orthents, cut and fillUrban land complex, 5 to
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 415
133
113
Chilton Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Soils
113: Fagan loam, 15 to 50
percent slopes
133: Urban land-Orthents,
cut and fill complex, 5 to
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 416
132
City
Hall Dog
Park
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Soils
132: Urban land-Orthents,
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 417
121
133
Crestview
Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Soils
121: Orthents, cut and fill,
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133: Urban land-Orthents,
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 418
124
115
133
Eaton Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Soils
115: Los Gatos loam, 30 to
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15 124: Orthents, cut and fillUrban land complex, 5 to 75 percent slopes
133: Urban land-Orthents,
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 419
131
Frank D.
Harrington
Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Soils
131: Urban land
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 420
121
113
133
Heather Dog
Exercise Area
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Soils
113: Fagan loam, 15 to 50
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121: Orthents, cut and fill,
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133: Urban land-Orthents,
cut and fill complex, 5 to
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 421
124
131
121
133
Highlands
Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Soils
121: Orthents, cut and fill,
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124: Orthents, cut and fillUrban land complex, 5 to
75 percent slopes
131: Urban land
133: Urban land-Orthents,
cut and fill complex, 5 to
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 422
124
Hillcrest
Circle Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Soils
124: Orthents, cut and fillUrban land complex, 5 to
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 423
134
131
132
Laureola Park
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Soils
131: Urban land
132: Urban land-Orthents,
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134: Urban land-Orthents,
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 424
113
133
North
Crestview
Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Soils
113: Fagan loam, 15 to 50
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133: Urban land-Orthents,
cut and fill complex, 5 to
75 percent slopes
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 425
132
Rosek Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Soils
132: Urban land-Orthents,
cut and fill complex, 0 to 5
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 426
124
113
San Carlos Avenue
Neighborhood Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Soils
113: Fagan loam, 15 to 50
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124: Orthents, cut and fillUrban land complex, 5 to
75 percent slopes
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 427
134
117
Skyway
Road Land
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Soils
117: Novato clay, 0 to 1
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134: Urban land-Orthents,
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 428
116
133
Vista Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Soils
116: Maymen gravelly
loam, 30 to 50 percent
slopes
133: Urban land-Orthents,
cut and fill complex, 5 to
75 percent slopes
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 429
Arguello Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Coastal Oak Woodland
Eucalyptus Grove
Ornamental
Developed
Annual Grassland
Fresh Water Emergent
Wetland
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 430
Big Canyon
Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Coastal Oak Woodland
Developed
Annual Grassland
Coastal Scrub / Chaparral
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 431
Burton Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Ornamental
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 432
Cedar
Street
Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Ornamental
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 433
Chilton Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Coastal Oak Woodland
Ornamental
Annual Grassland
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 434
City
Hall Dog
Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Ornamental
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 435
Crestview
Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Closed-cone Pine-cypress
Developed
Annual Grassland
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 436
Eaton Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Coastal Oak Woodland
Eucalyptus Grove
Annual Grassland
Coastal Scrub / Chaparral
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California Buckeye Grove
Ephemeral Stream
Intermittent Stream
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 437
Frank D.
Harrington
Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Developed
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 438
Heather Dog
Exercise Area
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Coastal Oak Woodland
Eucalyptus Grove
Annual Grassland
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 439
Highlands
Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Closed-cone Pine-cypress
Ornamental
Developed
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 440
Hillcrest
Circle Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Developed
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 441
Laureola Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Ornamental
Developed
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 442
North
Crestview
Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Closed-cone Pine-cypress
Coastal Oak Woodland
Annual Grassland
Coastal Scrub / Chaparral
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 443
Rosek Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Developed
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 444
San Carlos Avenue
Neighborhood Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Ornamental
Developed
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 445
Skyway
Road Land
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Developed
Saline Emergent Wetland
Other Waters
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
Figure 3.
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 446
Vista Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Coastal Oak Woodland
Ornamental
Annual Grassland
Coastal Scrub / Chaparral
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 447
Arguello Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Fresh Water Emergent
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 448
Big Canyon
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Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Ephemeral Stream
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Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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10.a
June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 449
Eaton Park
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Ephemeral Stream
Intermittent Stream
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
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10.a
June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 450
Skyway
Road Land
Path: L:\Acad 2000 Files\340000\340137\GIS\ArcMap\340137Base.aprx Park Boundary
Land Cover Types
Saline Emergent Wetland
Other Waters
Sources: NRCS, San Mateo County Imagery 2022, WRA | Prepared By: rhona.mcchesney, 2/12/2025 San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Mateo County, California
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10.a
June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 451
Attachment B. Land Cover Types within San Carlos Parks.
Biological Resources Assessment | San Carlos Parks Master Plan February 2025
Attachment B
PARK NAME
NON-SENSITIVE LAND COVER TYPE (ACRES) SENSITIVE LAND COVER TYPE (ACRES)
DEVELOPEDORNAMENTALANNUAL GRASSLANDCOASTAL SCRUB / CHAPARRALCLOSED-CONE PINE-CYPRESSCOASTAL OAK WOODLANDEUCALYPTUS GROVESCALIFORNIA BAY WOODLANDCALIFORNIA BUCKEYE GROVESSALINE EMERGENT FRESHWATER EMERGENT INTERMITTENT STREAMEPHEMERAL STREAMOTHER WATERS Arguello Park 0.89 1.31 3.11 14.03 0.08 0.26
Burton Park 7.56 2.05
Highlands Park 9.63 1.50 0.28 6.39
Cedar Street Park 0.36 0.34
Frank D. Harrington Park 0.12
Hillcrest Circle Park 0.39
Rosek Park 0.06
San Carlos Ave
Neighborhood Park
0.10 0.25
Chilton Park 0.29 1.35 0.01
Crestview Park 3.04 0.62 3.18
Laureola Park 2.14 0.59
North Crestview Park 3.31 0.19 0.25 0.26
Vista Park 0.49 1.15 0.08 2.29
Big Canyon Park 0.01 11.16 19.52 24.60 0.10 0.09
Eaton Park 6.28 6.24 44.78 0.66 5.00 2.55 0.16 0.04
City Hall Dog Park 0.29 0.35
Heather Dog Exercise Area 0.79 1.07 0.19
Skyway Road Land 0.57 1.19 0.75
Total 25.16 7.17 28.05 26.03 9.82 87.04 0.93 5.00 2.55 1.19 0.26 0.26 0.13 0.75
10.a
June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 452
Biological Resources Assessment | San Carlos Parks Master Plan February 2025
Attachment C
Attachment C. Species Observed within the Study Area During the Site Visits on August 13 and 14, 2024.
PLANTS
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN FORM RARITY STATUS1 CAL-IPC STATUS2
WETLAND
STATUS3
Acacia dealbata Silver wattle non-native (invasive) tree, shrub - Moderate - Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood acacia non-native (invasive) tree - Limited - Achyrachaena mollis Blow wives native annual herb - - FAC Acmispon glaber var.
glaber
Deerweed native perennial herb - - -
Acmispon
wrangelianus
Chilean trefoil native annual herb - - -
Arbutus unedo Strawberry tree non-native tree - - -
Adiantum jordanii Maiden hair fern Native fern - - FAC
Aesculus californica Buckeye native tree - - -
Aira caryophyllea Silvery hairgrass non-native annual grass - - FACU Arctostaphylos sp. Manzanita sp. native shrub - - -
Artemisia californica Coastal sage brush native shrub - - - Asclepias fascicularis Narrow leaved milkweed native perennial herb - - FAC Atriplex semibaccata Australian saltbush non-native (invasive) perennial herb - Moderate FAC Avena barbata Slim oat non-native (invasive) annual, perennial grass
- Moderate -
Baccharis pilularis Coyote brush native shrub - - -
Briza maxima Rattlesnake grass non-native (invasive) annual grass - Limited - Bromus diandrus Ripgut brome non-native (invasive) annual grass - Moderate - Bromus hordeaceus Soft chess non-native (invasive) annual grass - Limited FACU
10.a
June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 453
Biological Resources Assessment | San Carlos Parks Master Plan February 2025
Attachment C
PLANTS
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN FORM RARITY STATUS1 CAL-IPC STATUS2
WETLAND
STATUS3
Bromus tectorum Cheat grass non-native (invasive) annual grass - High - Carduus
pycnocephalus ssp.
pycnocephalus
Italian thistle non-native (invasive) annual herb - Moderate - Carpobrotus edulis Iceplant non-native (invasive) perennial herb - High - Centaurea calcitrapa Purple star thistle non-native (invasive) annual, perennial herb
- Moderate -
Centaurea solstitialis Yellow starthistle non-native (invasive) annual herb - High - Chlorogalum
pomeridianum
Amole native perennial herb - - -
Cynosurus echinatus Dogtail grass non-native (invasive) annual grass - Moderate - Cyperus eragrostis Tall cyperus native perennial
grasslike herb
- - FACW
Cyperus involucratus Umbrella plant non-native perennial grasslike herb
- - FACW
Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom non-native (invasive) shrub - High - Delairea odorata Cape ivy non-native (invasive) perennial herb - High FAC Diplacus aurantiacus Sticky monkeyflower native shrub - - FACU Dittrichia graveolens Stinkwort non-native (invasive) annual herb - Moderate - Dryopteris arguta Wood fern native fern - - -
Epilobium ciliatum Slender willow herb native perennial herb - - FACW Erigeron canadensis Horseweed native annual herb - - FACU Erigeron glaucus Seaside daisy native perennial herb - - FACU Eriodictyon
angustifolium
Narrow leaved yerba
santa
native shrub Rank 2B.3 - -
10.a
June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 454
Biological Resources Assessment | San Carlos Parks Master Plan February 2025
Attachment C
PLANTS
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN FORM RARITY STATUS1 CAL-IPC STATUS2
WETLAND
STATUS3
Eriogonum nudum Naked buckwheat native shrub - - -
Lagerstroemia sp. Crape myrtle non-native tree
Eschscholzia
californica
California poppy native annual, perennial
herb
- - -
Eucalyptus globulus Blue gum non-native (invasive) tree - Limited - Euphorbia sp. - - - - - -
Festuca bromoides Brome fescue non-native annual grass - - FACU Festuca perennis Italian rye grass non-native (invasive) annual, perennial grass
- Moderate FAC
Foeniculum vulgare Fennel non-native (invasive) perennial herb - High - Frangula californica California coffeeberry native shrub - - - Genista monosperma Bridal broom non-native shrub - - -
Grindelia stricta Gumweed native perennial herb - - FACW Hedera helix English ivy non-native (invasive) vine, shrub - High FACU Helminthotheca
echioides
Bristly ox-tongue non-native (invasive) annual, perennial herb
- Limited FAC
Hemizonia congesta
ssp. luzulifolia
Woodrush tarweed native annual herb - - -
Heteromeles arbutifolia Toyon native shrub - - -
Holodiscus discolor Oceanspray native shrub - - FACU
Hordeum murinum Foxtail barley non-native (invasive) annual grass - Moderate FACU Juglans sp. Walnut - Tree - - -
10.a
June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 455
Biological Resources Assessment | San Carlos Parks Master Plan February 2025
Attachment C
PLANTS
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN FORM RARITY STATUS1 CAL-IPC STATUS2
WETLAND
STATUS3
Juncus patens Common rush native perennial
grasslike herb
- - FACW
Lavandula sp. Lavender non-native shrub - - -
Juniperus californica California juniper native shrub - - - Limonium californicum Marsh rosemary native perennial herb - - FACW Limonium sp. - - - - - -
Lotus corniculatus Bird's foot trefoil non-native perennial herb - - FAC Lysimachia arvensis Scarlet pimpernel non-native annual herb - - FAC Madia elegans Common madia native annual herb - - -
Magnolia grandiflora Southern magnolia non-native tree
Medicago polymorpha Bur clover non-native (invasive) annual herb - Limited FACU Melica torreyana Torrey's melica native perennial grass - - - Monardella villosa Coyote mint native perennial herb - - - Morus sp. - - - - - -
Nerium oleander Oleander non-native tree - - -
Olea europaea Olive non-native (invasive) tree, shrub - Limited - Opuntia ×occidentalis Western prickly pear native Shrub - - - Pentagramma
triangularis
Gold back fern native fern - - -
Pittosporum
eugenoides
Lemonwood non-native tree
Phalaris aquatica Harding grass non-native (invasive) perennial grass - Moderate FACU
10.a
June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 456
Biological Resources Assessment | San Carlos Parks Master Plan February 2025
Attachment C
PLANTS
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN FORM RARITY STATUS1 CAL-IPC STATUS2
WETLAND
STATUS3
Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine non-native tree - - -
Pinus muricata Bishop pine native tree - - -
Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa pine native tree - - FACU
Pinus radiata Monterey pine native tree Rank 1B.1 - -
Poaceae sp. grass family non-native annual grass
Pistacia chinensis Chinese pistache non-native tree - - - Plantago major Common plantain non-native perennial herb - - FAC Platanus ×hispanica London plane tree non-native tree - - - Polygonum
californicum
California knotweed native annual herb - - -
Prunus dulcis Almond non-native tree - - -
Prunus emarginata Bitter cherry native tree, shrub - - FACU Pseudognaphalium
luteoalbum
Jersey cudweed non-native annual herb - - FAC
Pyracantha sp. - - - - - -
Quercus agrifolia Coast live oak native tree - - -
Quercus kelloggii California black oak native tree - - - Ribes sanguineum Flowering currant native shrub - - UPL Ribes sp. Gooseberry - shrub - - -
Rosa sp. Rose - shrub - - -
Rubus armeniacus Himalayan blackberry non-native (invasive) shrub - High FAC
10.a
June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 457
Biological Resources Assessment | San Carlos Parks Master Plan February 2025
Attachment C
PLANTS
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN FORM RARITY STATUS1 CAL-IPC STATUS2
WETLAND
STATUS3
Rubus ursinus Pacific blackberry native vine, shrub - - FAC Salicornia pacifica Pickleweed native perennial herb - - OBL Salvia sp. Sage - - - - -
Schinus molle Peruvian pepper tree non-native (invasive) tree - Limited FACU Sequoia sempervirens Coast redwood native tree - - -
Silybum marianum Milk thistle non-native (invasive) annual, perennial herb
- Limited -
Solanum sp. - - - - - -
Spartina sp. Cordgrass - - - - -
Symphoricarpos albus
var. laevigatus
Common snowberry native shrub - - FACU
Torilis arvensis Field hedge parsley non-native (invasive) annual herb - Moderate - Toxicodendron
diversilobum
Poison oak native vine, shrub - - FACU
Trifolium hirtum Rose clover non-native (invasive) annual herb - Limited - Trifolium repens White clover non-native perennial herb - - FACU Umbellularia
californica
California bay native tree - - FAC
Vicia sp. Vetch - - - - -
Wyethia sp. Mule’s ears - - - - -
Note: All species identified using the Jepson eFlora [Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024]; nomenclature follows Jepson eFlora [Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2022] or Rare Plant Inventory (CNPS 2024). Sp.: “species,” intended to indicate that the observer was confident in the identity of the genus but uncertain which species.
10.a
June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 458
Biological Resources Assessment | San Carlos Parks Master Plan February 2025
Attachment C
1 California Native Plant Society. 2024. Rare Plant Inventory (online edition, v9.5). Sacramento, California. Online at: http://rareplants.cnps.org/; most recently accessed: September 2024.
FE: Federal Endangered
FT: Federal Threatened
SE: State Endangered
ST: State Threatened
SR: State Rare
Rank 1A: Plants presumed extinct in California
Rank 1B: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere Rank 2: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere Rank 3: Plants about which we need more information – a review list Rank 4: Plants of limited distribution – a watch list
2 California Invasive Plant Council. 2024. California Invasive Plant Inventory Database. California Invasive Plant Council, Berkeley, CA. Online at: http://www.calipc.org/paf/; most recently accessed: September 2024.
High: Severe ecological impacts; high rates of dispersal and establishment; most are widely distributed ecologically.
Moderate: Substantial and apparent ecological impacts; moderate-high rates of dispersal, establishment dependent on disturbance; limitedmoderate distribution ecologically Limited: Minor or not well documented ecological impacts; low-moderate rate of invasiveness; limited distribution ecologically Assessed: Assessed by Cal-IPC and determined to not be an existing current threat 3 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2024. National Wetland Plant List, version 3.6. Online at: http://wetland-plants.sec.usace.army.mil/ OBL: Almost always found in wetlands
FACW: Usually found in wetlands
FAC: Equally found in wetlands and uplands
FACU: Usually not found in wetlands
UPL: Almost never found in wetlands
NL: Not listed, assumed almost never found in wetlands
NI: No information; not factored during wetland delineation C: Second Priority Watch List. Plants occurring in ten to fifteen regions in Alameda and Contra Costa counties.
10.a
June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 459
Biological Assessment | San Carlos Parks Master Plan
February 2025
Attachment C
WILDLIFE
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME STATUS4
BIRDS
Poecile rufescens chestnut-backed
chickadee No status
Melozone crissalis California towhee No status
Spinus psaltria lesser goldfinch No status
Sialia mexicana western bluebird No status
Buteo jamaicensis red-tailed hawk No status
Corvus brachyrhynchos American crow No status
Calypte anna Anna’s hummingbird No status
Junco hyemalis dark-eyed junco No status
Chamaea fasciata wrentit No status
Aphelocoma californica California scrub-jay No status
Baeolophus inornatus oak titmouse No status
Dryobates villosus hairy woodpecker No status
Dryobates nuttallii Nuttall’s woodpecker No status
Pipilo maculatus spotted towhee No status
Vireo huttoni Hutton’s vireo No status
Accipiter cooperii Cooper’s hawk No status
Sayornis nigricans black phoebe No status
Haemorhous mexicanus house finch No status
Thryomanes bewickii Bewick’s wren No status
Cathartes aura turkey vulture No status
Empidonax difficilis pacific slope flycatcher No status Zenaida macroura mourning dove No status
Certhia americana brown creeper No status
Psaltriparus minimus bushtit No status
Polioptila caerulea blue-gray gnatcatcher No status
Sitta pygmaea pygmy nuthatch No status
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS
Plestiodon skiltonianus western skink No status
Sceloporus occidentalis western fence lizard No status
10.a
June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 460
Biological Assessment | San Carlos Parks Master Plan
February 2025
Attachment C
WILDLIFE
MAMMALS
Thomomys bottae Botta’s pocket gopher No status
CDFW = California Department of Fish and Wildlife.
4 Status
FD: Federal Delisted
FE: Federal Endangered
FT: Federal Threatened
SD: State Delisted
SE: State Endangered
SSC: Species of Special Concern
ST: State Threatened
SR: State Rare
CFP: California Fully Protected
10.a
June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 461
Biological Resources Assessment | San Carlos Parks Master Plan February 2025
Attachment D
Attachment D. Special Status Plant and Wildlife Species Documented in the Vicinity of the Study Area.
List compiled from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife Natural Diversity Database (CDFW 2025), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Information for Planning and Consultation Species Lists (USFWS 2025), and California Native Plant Society Rare Plant Inventory (CNPS 2025) search of the San Mateo, Redwood Point, Woodside, and Palo Alto USGS 7.5' quadrangles.
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE PLANTS
San Mateo thorn-mint
Acanthomintha duttonii
FE, SE, Rank 1B.1 Chaparral, valley and foothill grassland.
Elevation ranges from 165 to 985 feet (50 to
300 meters). Blooms Apr-Jun.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable serpentine substrates to
support this species.
Franciscan onion
Allium peninsulare var. franciscanum
Rank 1B.2 Cismontane woodland, valley and foothill
grassland. Elevation ranges from 170 to
1000 feet (52 to 305 meters). Blooms
(Apr)May-Jun.
Known to Occur. This species has been
documented within the Study Area. Two
CNDDB occurrences of this species are
located within Eaton Park, dated from
2013.
bent-flowered fiddleneck
Amsinckia lunaris
Rank 1B.2 Cismontane woodland, coastal bluff scrub,
valley and foothill grassland. Elevation
ranges from 10 to 1640 feet (3 to 500
meters). Blooms Mar-Jun.
Moderate Potential. The Study Area
contains suitable cismontane woodland,
and valley and foothill grassland to support
this species. The nearest modern occurrence
is 2.3 miles northwest near Crystal Springs
Reservoir.
California androsace
Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
Rank 4.2 Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub, meadows and seeps, pinyon and
juniper woodland, valley and foothill
grassland. Elevation ranges from 490 to
4280 feet (150 to 1305 meters). Blooms
Mar-Jun.
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable
chaparral, cismontane woodland, and
valley and foothill grassland to support this
species. However, there are no documented
occurrences within 5 miles.
Anderson's manzanita
Arctostaphylos andersonii
Rank 1B.2 Broadleafed upland forest, chaparral, north
coast coniferous forest. Elevation ranges
from 195 to 2495 feet (60 to 760 meters).
Blooms Nov-May.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable redwood forest habitat to
support this species.
Kings Mountain manzanita
Arctostaphylos regismontana
Rank 1B.2 Broadleafed upland forest, chaparral, north
coast coniferous forest. Elevation ranges
from 1000 to 2395 feet (305 to 730 meters).
Blooms Dec-Apr.
No Potential. The Study Area is well outside
the known elevation range of this species.
coastal marsh milk-vetch
Astragalus pycnostachyus var.
pycnostachyus
Rank 1B.2 Coastal dunes (mesic), coastal scrub,
marshes and swamps (coastal salt,
streamsides). Elevation ranges from 0 to 180
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable coastal dunes or marshes
and swamps to support this species.
10.a
June 08, 2026 Packet Pg. 462
Biological Resources Assessment | San Carlos Parks Master Plan February 2025
Attachment D
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE feet (0 to 55 meters). Blooms (Apr-May)
Jun-Oct.
Brewer's calandrinia
Calandrinia breweri
Rank 4.2 Chaparral, coastal scrub. Elevation ranges
from 35 to 4005 feet (10 to 1220 meters).
Blooms (Jan)Mar-Jun.
High Potential. The Study Area contains
suitable chaparral and coastal scrub to
support this species. The nearest
documented occurrence of this species is 5
miles within San Carlos at Malabar Road
and Melendy Drive.
Oakland star-tulip
Calochortus umbellatus
Rank 4.2 Broadleafed upland forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest, valley and foothill
grassland. Elevation ranges from 330 to
2295 feet (100 to 700 meters). Blooms MarMay.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable serpentine substrates to
support this species.
pink star-tulip
Calochortus uniflorus
Rank 4.2 Coastal prairie, coastal scrub, meadows and
seeps, north coast coniferous forest.
Elevation ranges from 35 to 3510 feet (10 to
1070 meters). Blooms Apr-Jun.
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable
coastal scrub to support this species.
However, there are no documented
occurrences within 5 miles.
johnny-nip
Castilleja ambigua var. ambigua
Rank 4.2 Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prairie, coastal
scrub, marshes and swamps, valley and
foothill grassland, vernal pools (margins).
Elevation ranges from 0 to 1425 feet (0 to
435 meters). Blooms Mar-Aug.
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable
coastal scrub, and valley and foothill
grassland to support this species. However,
there are no documented occurrences
within 5 miles.
Congdon's tarplant
Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii
Rank 1B.1 Valley and foothill grassland (alkaline).
Elevation ranges from 0 to 755 feet (0 to 230
meters). Blooms (Apr)May-Oct(Nov).
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable
valley and foothill grassland to support this
species. However, there are no documented
occurrences within 5 miles.
Point Reyes salty bird's-beak
Chloropyron maritimum ssp. palustre
Rank 1B.2 Marshes and swamps (coastal salt).
Elevation ranges from 0 to 35 feet (0 to 10
meters). Blooms Jun-Oct.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable marshes or swamps to
support this species.
Mt. Hamilton thistle
Cirsium fontinale var. campylon
Rank 1B.2 Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley and
foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 330
to 2920 feet (100 to 890 meters). Blooms
(Feb)Apr-Oct.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable serpentine substrates to
support this species.
fountain thistle
Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale
FE, SE, Rank 1B.1 Chaparral (openings), cismontane woodland, meadows and seeps, valley and foothill
grassland. Elevation ranges from 150 to 575
feet (45 to 175 meters). Blooms (Apr)MayOct.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable serpentine substrates to
support this species.
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Attachment D
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE lost thistle
Cirsium praeteriens
Rank 1A Known from only two collections from Palo
Alto (last in 1901). This species is not in The
Jepson Manual and previous collection
locations have been developed. This species
is presumed extinct.
No Potential. This species is presumed
extinct.
Brewer's clarkia
Clarkia breweri
Rank 4.2 Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub. Elevation ranges from 705 to 3660
feet (215 to 1115 meters). Blooms Apr-Jun.
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable
chaparral, cismontane woodland, and
coastal scrub to support this species.
However, there are no documented
occurrences within 5 miles, and there is no
suitable serpentine substrate.
round-headed collinsia
Collinsia corymbosa
Rank 1B.2 Coastal dunes. Elevation ranges from 0 to 65
feet (0 to 20 meters). Blooms Apr-Jun.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable coastal dunes to support
this species.
San Francisco collinsia
Collinsia multicolor
Rank 1B.2 Closed-cone coniferous forest, coastal scrub.
Elevation ranges from 100 to 900 feet (30 to
275 meters). Blooms (Feb)Mar-May.
Known to Occur. This species has been
documented within the Study Area. Two
occurrences of this species, dated from
2017, are located within Big Canyon Park,
and three occurrences, also dated from
2017, within Eaton Park.
clustered lady's-slipper
Cypripedium fasciculatum
Rank 4.2 Lower montane coniferous forest, north
coast coniferous forest. Elevation ranges
from 330 to 7990 feet (100 to 2435 meters).
Blooms Mar-Aug.
Unlikely. The Study Area does not contain
suitable habitat to support this species, and
there are no documented occurrences
within 5 miles.
paniculate tarplant
Deinandra paniculata
Rank 4.2 Coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland,
vernal pools. Elevation ranges from 80 to
3085 feet (25 to 940 meters). Blooms
(Mar)Apr-Nov.
Known to Occur. This species has been
documented within the Study Area. One
occurrence of this species, dated from
2023, is located within North Crestview
Park.
western leatherwood
Dirca occidentalis
Rank 1B.2 Broadleafed upland forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, closed-cone
coniferous forest, north coast coniferous
forest, riparian forest, riparian woodland.
Elevation ranges from 80 to 1395 feet (25 to
425 meters). Blooms Jan-Mar(Apr).
Known to Occur. This species has been
documented within the Study Area. One
occurrence of this species, dated from
2015, is located within Eaton Park.
California bottle-brush grass
Elymus californicus
Rank 4.3 Broadleafed upland forest, cismontane
woodland, north coast coniferous forest,
riparian woodland. Elevation ranges from 50
to 1540 feet (15 to 470 meters). Blooms
May-Aug(Nov).
Moderate Potential. The Study Area
contains suitable cismontane woodland to
support this species. The nearest
documented occurrence is 4.3 miles to the
northwest in San Mateo Creek drainage.
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Attachment D
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE San Mateo woolly sunflower
Eriophyllum latilobum
FE, SE, Rank 1B.1 Cismontane woodland (often serpentine, roadcuts), coastal scrub, lower montane
coniferous forest. Elevation ranges from 150
to 1085 feet (45 to 330 meters). Blooms
May-Jun.
Moderate Potential. The Study Area
contains suitable cismontane woodland and
coastal scrub to support this species. The
nearest documented occurrence is 3.8 miles
to the northwest along Crystal Springs
Reservoir.
Hoover's button-celery
Eryngium aristulatum var. hooveri
Rank 1B.1 Vernal pools. Elevation ranges from 10 to
150 feet (3 to 45 meters). Blooms
(Jun)Jul(Aug).
Unlikely. The Study Area may contain
suitable vernal pool habitat to support this
species. However, the only documented
occurrence within 5 miles of the Study Area
is an historical occurrence, dated from
1907, approximately 5.0 miles to the
southeast in the foothills and pastures near
Stanford University.
Jepson's coyote-thistle
Eryngium jepsonii
Rank 1B.2 Valley and foothill grassland, vernal pools.
Elevation ranges from 10 to 985 feet (3 to
300 meters). Blooms Apr-Aug.
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable
valley and foothill grassland to support this
species. However, there are no documented
occurrences within 5 miles.
San Francisco wallflower
Erysimum franciscanum
Rank 4.2 Chaparral, coastal dunes, coastal scrub,
valley and foothill grassland. Elevation
ranges from 0 to 1805 feet (0 to 550
meters). Blooms Mar-Jun.
Unlikely. The Study Area does not contain
suitable microhabitat (i.e., serpentine soils
or outcrops) to support this species.
Hillsborough chocolate lily
Fritillaria biflora var. ineziana
Rank 1B.1 Cismontane woodland, valley and foothill
grassland. Elevation ranges from 490 to 490
feet (150 to 150 meters). Blooms Mar-Apr.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable serpentine substrates to
support this species.
fragrant fritillary
Fritillaria liliacea
Rank 1B.2 Cismontane woodland, coastal prairie,
coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland.
Elevation ranges from 10 to 1345 feet (3 to
410 meters). Blooms Feb-Apr.
Moderate Potential. The Study Area
contains suitable cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub, and valley and foothill
grassland to support this species. The
nearest documented occurrence is 0.8 miles
to the south within Edgewood Park.
short-leaved evax
Hesperevax sparsiflora var. brevifolia
Rank 1B.2 Coastal bluff scrub (sandy), coastal dunes,
coastal prairie. Elevation ranges from 0 to
705 feet (0 to 215 meters). Blooms Mar-Jun.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain coastal bluff, coastal dunes, or
coastal prairie to support this species.
Marin western flax
Hesperolinon congestum
FT, ST, Rank 1B.1 Chaparral, valley and foothill grassland.
Elevation ranges from 15 to 1215 feet (5 to
370 meters). Blooms Apr-Jul.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable serpentine substrates to
support this species.
harlequin lotus
Hosackia gracilis
Rank 4.2 Broadleafed upland forest, cismontane
woodland, closed-cone coniferous forest,
coastal bluff scrub, coastal prairie, coastal
Unlikely. The Study Area contains
cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, and
valley and foothill grassland to support this
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Attachment D
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE scrub, marshes and swamps, meadows and
seeps, north coast coniferous forest, valley
and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from
0 to 2295 feet (0 to 700 meters). Blooms
Mar-Jul.
species. However, the only documented
occurrences within 5 miles of the Study
Area are historical occurrences, dated from
1902, approximately 3.3 miles to the
northwest at Lower Crystal Springs
Reservoir.
coast iris
Iris longipetala
Rank 4.2 Coastal prairie, lower montane coniferous
forest, meadows and seeps. Elevation ranges
from 0 to 1970 feet (0 to 600 meters).
Blooms Mar-May(Jun).
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable coastal prairie, montane
coniferous forest, or meadows and seeps to
support this species.
serpentine leptosiphon
Leptosiphon ambiguus
Rank 4.2 Cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, valley
and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from
395 to 3710 feet (120 to 1130 meters).
Blooms Mar-Jun.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable serpentine substrates for
this species.
bristly leptosiphon
Leptosiphon aureus
Rank 4.2 Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
prairie, valley and foothill grassland.
Elevation ranges from 180 to 4920 feet (55
to 1500 meters). Blooms Apr-Jul.
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable
chaparral, woodland, and valley and
foothill grassland to support this species.
However, there are no documented
occurrences within 5 miles.
broad-lobed leptosiphon
Leptosiphon latisectus
Rank 4.3 Broadleafed upland forest, cismontane
woodland. Elevation ranges from 560 to
4920 feet (170 to 1500 meters). Blooms AprJun.
No Potential. The Study Area is well outside
the known elevation range of this species.
Crystal Springs lessingia
Lessingia arachnoidea
Rank 1B.2 Cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, valley
and foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from
195 to 655 feet (60 to 200 meters). Blooms
Jul-Oct.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable serpentine substrates to
support this species.
woolly-headed lessingia
Lessingia hololeuca
Rank 3 Broadleafed upland forest, coastal scrub,
lower montane coniferous forest, valley and
foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 50
to 1000 feet (15 to 305 meters). Blooms JunOct.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable serpentine substrates to
support this species.
spring lessingia
Lessingia tenuis
Rank 4.3 Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest. Elevation ranges
from 985 to 7055 feet (300 to 2150 meters).
Blooms May-Jul.
No Potential. The Study Area is well outside
the known elevation range of this species.
arcuate bushmallow
Malacothamnus arcuatus var.
arcuatus
Rank 1B.2 Chaparral, cismontane woodland. Elevation
ranges from 50 to 1165 feet (15 to 355
meters). Blooms Apr-Sep.
High Potential. The Study Area contains
suitable chaparral and cismontane
woodland to support this species. The
nearest documented occurrence of this
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Attachment D
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE species is 0.25 miles from Big Canyon Park
and Highlands Park, along Canyon Vista
Way.
woodland woollythreads
Monolopia gracilens
Rank 1B.2 Broadleafed upland forest (openings),
chaparral (openings), cismontane woodland,
north coast coniferous forest (openings),
valley and foothill grassland. Elevation
ranges from 330 to 3935 feet (100 to 1200
meters). Blooms (Feb)Mar-Jul.
Moderate Potential. The Study Area
contains suitable chaparral, cismontane
woodland, and valley and foothill grassland
to support this species. The nearest
documented occurrence is 0.8 miles to the
east along the west side of Edgewood Park
in San Carlos north of Malabar Rd. and
Melendy Dr.
white-rayed pentachaeta
Pentachaeta bellidiflora
FE, SE, Rank 1B.1 Cismontane woodland, valley and foothill grassland (often serpentine). Elevation
ranges from 115 to 2035 feet (35 to 620
meters). Blooms Mar-May.
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable,
cismontane woodland, and valley and
foothill grassland to support this species,
but no suitable serpentine substrates.
However, the only documented occurrences
within 5 miles of the Study Area are
historical occurrences, dated from 1967,
approximately 1.25 miles east at Crystal
Springs Reservoir and approximately 1.0
mile southeast within the serpentine native
grassland at Edgewood Dr. and Canada Dr.
Michael's rein orchid
Piperia michaelii
Rank 4.2 Chaparral, cismontane woodland, closedcone coniferous forest, coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub, lower montane coniferous
forest. Elevation ranges from 10 to 3000 feet
(3 to 915 meters). Blooms Apr-Aug.
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable
chaparral, cismontane woodland, and
coastal scrub to support this species.
However, there are no documented
occurrences within 5 miles.
Choris' popcornflower
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var.
chorisianus
Rank 1B.2 Chaparral, coastal prairie, coastal scrub.
Elevation ranges from 10 to 525 feet (3 to
160 meters). Blooms Mar-Jun.
Moderate Potential. The Study Area
contains suitable chaparral and coastal
scrub to support this species. The nearest
documented occurrence of this species is
1.7 miles to the southwest along Old
Canada Rd.
Hickman's popcornflower
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var.
hickmanii
Rank 4.2 Chaparral, closed-cone coniferous forest,
coastal scrub, marshes and swamps, vernal
pools. Elevation ranges from 50 to 1280 feet
(15 to 390 meters). Blooms Apr-Jun.
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable
chaparral and coastal scrub to support this
species. However, there are no documented
occurrences within 5 miles.
Lobb's aquatic buttercup
Ranunculus lobbii
Rank 4.2 Cismontane woodland, north coast
coniferous forest, valley and foothill
grassland, vernal pools. Elevation ranges
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable
cismontane woodland, and valley and
foothill grassland to support this species.
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Attachment D
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE from 50 to 1540 feet (15 to 470 meters).
Blooms Feb-May.
However, the only documented occurrences
within 5 miles of the Study Area are
historical occurrences, dated from 1972,
approximately 2 miles east along Old
Canada Rd.
Sanford's arrowhead
Sagittaria sanfordii
Rank 1B.2 Marshes and swamps (shallow freshwater).
Elevation ranges from 0 to 2135 feet (0 to
650 meters). Blooms May-Oct(Nov).
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable marshes and swamps to
support this species.
chaparral ragwort
Senecio aphanactis
Rank 2B.2 Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub. Elevation ranges from 50 to 2625 feet
(15 to 800 meters). Blooms Jan-Apr(May).
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable
chaparral and cismontane woodland to
support this species. However, the only
documented occurrence within 5 miles of
the Study Area is an historical occurrence
dated from 1973, approximately 0.25 miles
from Big Canyon Park and Highlands Park
at Malabar Rd. and Melendy Dr. in San
Carlos.
San Francisco campion
Silene verecunda ssp. verecunda
Rank 1B.2 Chaparral, coastal bluff scrub, coastal
prairie, coastal scrub, valley and foothill
grassland. Elevation ranges from 100 to
2115 feet (30 to 645 meters). Blooms
(Feb)Mar-Jul(Aug).
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable
chaparral, coastal scrub, and valley and
foothill grassland to support this species.
However, the only documented occurrence
within 5 miles of the Study Area is an
historical occurrence, dated from 1988,
approximately 1.1 miles south in Edgewood
County Park.
northern slender pondweed
Stuckenia filiformis ssp. alpina
Rank 2B.2 Marshes and swamps (shallow freshwater).
Elevation ranges from 985 to 7055 feet (300
to 2150 meters). Blooms May-Jul.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable marshes and swamps to
support this species.
two-fork clover
Trifolium amoenum
FE, Rank 1B.1 Coastal bluff scrub, valley and foothill
grassland (sometimes serpentine). Elevation
ranges from 15 to 1360 feet (5 to 415
meters). Blooms Apr-Jun.
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable
valley and foothill grassland to support this
species. However, the only documented
occurrence within 5 miles of the Study Area
is an historical occurrence, dated from
1950, approximately 4.8 miles south along
San Francisquito Creek near Searsville Lake.
saline clover
Trifolium hydrophilum
Rank 1B.2 Marshes and swamps, valley and foothill
grassland (mesic, alkaline), vernal pools.
Elevation ranges from 0 to 985 feet (0 to 300
meters). Blooms Apr-Jun.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable marshes and swamps, or
mesic/alkaline valley and foothill
grasslands to support this species.
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Attachment D
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE San Francisco owl's-clover
Triphysaria floribunda
Rank 1B.2 Coastal prairie, coastal scrub, valley and
foothill grassland. Elevation ranges from 35
to 525 feet (10 to 160 meters). Blooms AprJun.
Unlikely. The Study Area contains suitable
coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland
to support this species, but no suitable
serpentine substrates. However, the only
documented occurrences within 5 miles of
the Study Area are historical occurrences,
dated from 1932 and 1991, approximately
3.2 miles northwest on grasslands opposite
of Lower Crystal Springs Reservoir.
Methuselah's beard lichen
Usnea longissima
Rank 4.2 Broadleafed upland forest, north coast
coniferous forest. Elevation ranges from 165
to 4790 feet (50 to 1460 meters).
No potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable upland or coniferous forest
to support this species.
WILDLIFE
MAMMALS
Pallid bat
Antrozous pallidus
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
WBWG High
Priority
Found in a variety of habitats ranging from
grasslands to mixed forests, favoring open
and dry, rocky areas. Roost sites include
crevices in rock outcrops and cliffs, caves,
mines, hollow trees, and various manmade
structures such as bridges, barns, and
buildings (including occupied buildings).
Roosts must protect bats from high
temperatures. Very sensitive to disturbance
of roosting sites.
Moderate Potential. Rock outcrops and
large tree snags observed within the Study
Area may provide suitable roosting sites for
this species. Open grassland and
woodlands provide suitable foraging
habitats.
Townsend's big-eared bat
Corynorhinus townsendii
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
WBWG High
Priority
Associated with a wide variety of habitats
from deserts to higher-elevation mixed and
coniferous forests. Females form maternity
colonies in buildings, caves and mines, and
males roost singly or in small groups.
Foraging typically occurs at edge habitats
near wooded areas, e.g., along streams.
Unlikely. Suitable roosting sites including
caves, mines, and (unoccupied) man-made
structures are not present within the Study
Area.
Hoary bat
Lasiurus cinereus
WBWG Medium
Priority
Prefers open forested habitats or habitat
mosaics, with access to trees for cover and
open areas or habitat edges for feeding.
Roosts in dense foliage of medium to large
trees. Feeds primarily on moths.
Moderate Potential. Forested habitat within
the Study Area may provide suitable
roosting and foraging habitat for this
species.
San Francisco dusky-footed woodrat
Neotoma fuscipes annectens
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Forest habitats of moderate canopy and
moderate to dense understory. Also in
chaparral habitats. Constructs nests of
shredded grass, leaves, and other material.
Known to Occur. Numerous woodrat
structures were observed during 2024 site
visits, in the understory of Big Canyon and
Eaton Park. This species is assumed to be
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Attachment D
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE May be limited by availability of nestbuilding materials.present in woodlands throughout the Study Area.
Salt-marsh harvest mouse
Reithrodontomys raviventris
Federal
Endangered
California
Endangered
CDFW Fully
Protected
Endemic to emergent salt and brackish
wetlands of the San Francisco Bay Estuary.
Pickleweed marshes are primary habitat;
also occurs in various other wetland
communities with dense vegetation. Does
not burrow, builds loosely organized nests.
Requires higher areas for flood escape.
Unlikely. Marsh habitat is present
immediate adjacent to the San Carlos
Airport, along the outer margins of Bair
Island. This species has been documented
within the interior of Bair Island,
approximately 2 miles east. However, it’s
less likely that this species would occur at
the margins of tidal marsh habitat and
development, particularly where pickleweed
(Salicornia spp) is sparsely present.
Salt-marsh wandering shrew
Sorex vagrans halicoetes
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Salt marshes of the south arm of San
Francisco Bay. Medium high marsh 6 to 8
feet above sea level where abundant
driftwood is scattered among Salicornia.
Unlikely. Marsh habitat is present
immediate adjacent to the San Carlos
Airport. However, marsh vegetation in the
vicinity is not densely populated with
pickleweed (Salicornia spp.) and did not
appear to provide abundant driftwood to
support this species. This species is known
to occur within the interior of Bair Island,
approximately 2.4 miles east of the airport.
American badger
Taxidea taxus
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Most abundant in drier open stages of most
shrub, forest, and herbaceous habitats, with
friable soils. Requires friable soils and open,
uncultivated ground. Preys on burrowing
rodents.
Moderate Potential. Higher elevation areas
within the Study Area provide shrub and
herbaceous habitats with friable soils that
could allow for denning by this species.
Steller (=Northern) sea lion
Eumetopias jubatus
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Breeds on Año Nuevo, San Miguel and
Farallon islands, Point Saint George, and
Sugarloaf. Hauls-out on islands and rocks.
Needs haul-out and breeding sites with
unrestricted access to water, near aquatic
food supply and with no human disturbance.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain any coastal beaches.
Mountain lion
Puma concolor
CDFW Candidate
Species
Ranging from Chile to British Columbia and
adapting to virtually any habitat that
contains its primary prey sources of deer and
other large mammals. Widespread, yet
uncommon in much of its range, and rarely
seen.
Unlikely. Highway 280 represents a major
barrier to dispersal from more suitable
habitat in the Santa Cruz mountains, and
areas to the west are very densely
populated. While some mountain lions may
occasionally pass through the Planning
Area, it is likely that most mountain lions
would not traverse into this area due to
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Attachment D
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE offsite barriers and onsite recreational
activities that are currently present
BIRDS
great blue heron
Ardea herodias
none (breeding
sites protected
by CDFW)
Year-round resident. Nests colonially or
semi-colonially in tall trees and on cliffs,
also sequested terrestrial substrates.
Breeding sites usually in close proximity to
foraging areas: marshes, lake margins, tidal
flats, and rivers. Forages primarily on fishes
and other aquatic prey, also smaller
terrestrial vertebrates.
Unlikely. No breeding sites located in the
vicinity of the Study Area.
Short-eared owl
Asio flammeus
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Occurs year-round, but primarily as a winter
visitor; breeding very restricted in most of
California. Found in open, treeless areas
(e.g., marshes, grasslands) with elevated
sites for foraging perches and dense
herbaceous vegetation for roosting and
nesting. Preys mostly on small mammals,
particularly voles.
Unlikely. This species is not known to breed
in the region. Open grasslands that would
support this species are generally absent
within the Study Area. This species may
forage or disperse through marsh habitat
near San Carlos Airport.
Burrowing owl
Athene cunicularia
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Year-round resident and winter visitor.
Occurs in open, dry grasslands and scrub
habitats with low-growing vegetation,
perches and abundant mammal burrows.
Preys upon insects and small vertebrates.
Nests and roosts in old mammal burrows,
most commonly those of ground squirrels.
Known to Occur. Wintering owls are known
to occur at the San Carlos Airport and have
been sighted as recently as December 2021.
No suitably sized mammal burrows or
surrogate burrows were observed
throughout parks or open space areas
during the site visits. Grasslands within the
Study Area are regularly disturbed for fire
control purposes and scrub habitats contain
dense ground vegetation that likely
precludes this species.
tricolored blackbird
Agelaius tricolor
California
Threatened
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Nearly endemic to California, where it is
most numerous in the Central Valley and
vicinity. Highly colonial, nesting in dense
aggregations over or near freshwater in
emergent growth or riparian thickets. Also
uses flooded agricultural fields. Abundant
insect prey near breeding areas essential.
Unlikely. Aquatic features with dense
stands of emergent vegetation are absent.
Marbled murrelet
Brachyramphus marmoratus
Federal
Threatened
Predominantly coastal marine. Nests in oldgrowth coniferous forests up to 30 miles inland along the Pacific coast, from Eureka
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain old-growth coniferous forest
habitat.
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Attachment D
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE California
Endangered
to Oregon border, and in Santa Cruz/San
Mateo Counties. Nests are highly cryptic,
and typically located on platform-like
branches of mature redwoods and Douglas
firs. Forages on marine invertebrates and
small fishes.
Western snowy plover
Charadrius nivosus nivosus
Federal
Threatened
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Federal listing applies only to the Pacific
coastal population. Year-round resident and
winter visitor. Occurs on sandy beaches, salt
pond levees, and the shores of large alkali
lakes. Nests on the ground, requiring sandy,
gravelly or friable soils.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain sandy beaches or alkali lakes for
nesting.
Northern harrier
Circus hudsonius
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Year-round resident and winter visitor.
Found in open habitats including grasslands,
prairies, marshes and agricultural areas.
Nests on the ground in dense vegetation,
typically near water or otherwise moist
areas. Preys on small vertebrates.
Moderate Potential. Marsh habitat in the
vicinity of the San Carlos Airport has
potential to support nesting. Otherwise,
suitable nesting habitat is absent within the
Study Area.
Olive-sided flycatcher
Contopus cooperi
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Summer resident. Typical breeding habitat is
montane coniferous forests. At lower
elevations, also occurs in wooded canyons
and mixed forests and woodlands. Often
associated with forest edges. Arboreal nest
sites located well off the ground.
Moderate Potential. This species is known
to occur immediately west of the Study
Area in Pulgas Ridge Open Space Preserve.
Mixed woodland habitat within Big Canyon
and Eaton Park may be suitable for this
species.
Yellow rail
Coturnicops noveboracensis
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Summer resident in eastern Sierra Nevada in
Mono County, breeding in shallow freshwater
marshes and wet meadows with dense
vegetation. Also a rare winter visitor along
the coast and other portions of the state.
Extremely cryptic.
No potential. This species historically
occurred in San Mateo County and was
documented in Redwood Slough in 1912.
However, the Study Area is outside of this
species current breeding range.
white-tailed kite
Elanus leucurus
CDFW Fully
Protected
Year-round resident in coastal and valley
lowlands with scattered trees and large
shrubs, including grasslands, marshes and
agricultural areas. Nests in trees, of which
the type and setting are highly variable.
Preys on small mammals and other
vertebrates.
Known to Occur. This species has regularly
observed in San Carlos (eBird 2024). Areas
characterized by small to medium trees
interspersed with grasses and low shrubs
likely provide suitable nesting and foraging
habitat for this species.
American peregrine falcon
Falco peregrinus anatum
Federal Delisted Year-round resident and winter visitor.
Occurs in a wide variety of habitats, though
often associated with coasts, bays, marshes
Unlikely. Cliffs or tall manmade structures
that could support nesting by this species
are absent within the Study Area. May be
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Attachment D
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE California
Delisted
CDFW Fully
Protected
and other bodies of water. Nests on
protected cliffs and also on man-made
structures including buildings and bridges.
Preys on birds, especially waterbirds.
Forages widely.
observed flying over or foraging within the
Study Area.
Saltmarsh common yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichas sinuosa
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Resident of the San Francisco Bay region, in
fresh and saltwater marshes. Requires thick,
continuous cover down to water surface for
foraging; tall grasses, tule patches, willows
for nesting.
Moderate Potential. Marsh habitat within
the San Carlos Airport and immediate
vicinity has potential to support nesting.
Otherwise, suitable nesting habitat is
absent within the Study Area.
Bald eagle
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Federal Delisted
California
Endangered
CDFW Fully
Protected
Occurs year-round in California, but primarily
a winter visitor; breeding population is
growing. Nests in large trees in the vicinity
of larger lakes, reservoirs, and rivers.
Wintering habitat somewhat more variable
but usually features large concentration of
waterfowl or fish.
Unlikely. Large trees or structures directly
adjacent to large water bodies are not
present within the Study Area. May be
seen flying over or foraging within the
Study Area given the proximity of Crystal
Springs Reservoir.
California black rail
Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus
California
Threatened
CDFW Fully
Protected
Year-round resident in marshes (saline to
freshwater) with dense vegetation within
four inches of the ground. Prefers larger,
undisturbed marshes that have an extensive
upper zone and are close to a major water
source. Extremely secretive and cryptic.
Unlikely. This species is known to occur
within the inner portions of Bair Island, in
the vicinity of the San Carlos Airport parcel.
However, this species is particularly
sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance and
tidal marsh habitat within the Study Area is
adjacent to existing development, a portion
of the Bay Trail, and Highway 101.
Furthermore, this parcel lacks an extensive
upper zone preferred by this species. Due to
the availability of more extensive and
relatively undisturbed areas of tidal marsh
within Bair Island, this species is unlikely to
disperse into this parcel from surrounding
habitat areas.
California Ridgway's rail
Rallus obsoletus obsoletus
Federal
Endangered
California
Endangered
Year-round resident in tidal marshes of the
San Francisco Bay estuary. Requires tidal
sloughs and intertidal mud flats for foraging,
and dense marsh vegetation for nesting and
cover. Typical habitat features abundant
growth of cordgrass and pickleweed. Feeds
primarily on mollusks and crustaceans.
Limited Potential. This species is known to
occur in Bair Island State Marine Park, in
the vicinity of the San Carlos Airport parcel.
Tidal marsh habitat within the parcel
provides some habitat features (i.e.
exposed mudflats and pockets of
cordgrass) that may provide foraging
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SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE CDFW Fully
Protected
habitat for this species. However, nesting is
unlikely due to the proximity to disturbance
and availability of more extensive habitat
in the immediate vicinity.
Alameda song sparrow
Melospiza melodia pusillula
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Year-round resident of salt marshes
bordering the south arm of San Francisco
Bay. Inhabits primarily pickleweed marshes;
nests placed in marsh vegetation, typically
shrubs such as gumplant.
Moderate Potential. Marsh habitat within
the San Carlos Airport parcel has potential
to support nesting. Otherwise, suitable
nesting habitat is absent within the Study
Area.
Double-crested cormorant
Nannopterum auritum
None; Breeding
sites protected
by CDFW
(Rookery site) colonial nester on coastal
cliffs, offshore islands, and along lake
margins in the interior of the state. Nests
along coast on sequestered islets, usually on
ground with sloping surface, or in tall trees
along lake margins.
Unlikely. Suitable nesting habitat is not
present. No breeding sites are documented
in the vicinity of the Study Area.
Black-crowned night heron
Nycticorax nycticorax
None; Breeding
sites protected
by CDFW
Year-round resident. Nests colonially, usually
in trees but also in patches of emergent
vegetation. Rookery sites are often on
islands and usually located adjacent to
foraging areas: margins of lakes and bays.
Unlikely. Suitable nesting habitat is not
present. No breeding sites are documented
in the vicinity of the Study Area.
California least tern
Sternula antillarum browni
Federal
Endangered
California
Endangered
CDFW Fully
Protected
Summer resident along the coast from San
Francisco Bay south to northern Baja
California; inland breeding also very rarely
occurs. Nests colonially on barren or sparsely
vegetated areas with sandy or gravelly
substrates near water, including beaches,
islands, and gravel bars. In San Francisco
Bay, has also nested on salt pond margins.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain sandy or gravelly substrates
suitable for nesting.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS
Northwestern pond turtle
Actinemys marmorata
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Proposed Federal
Threatened
A thoroughly aquatic turtle of ponds,
marshes, rivers, streams and irrigation
ditches with aquatic vegetation. Require
basking sites such as partially submerged
logs, vegetation mats, or open mud banks,
and suitable upland habitat (sandy banks or
grassy open fields) for egg-laying.
Unlikely. Perennial aquatic habitat is not
present within the Study Area. Streams
observed within the Study Area are
intermittent or ephemeral and do not have
direct connectivity to larger perennial
features. Furthermore, stream channels are
fairly narrow and steep, provide limited
suitability for basking, and are unlikely to
provide flows sufficient to support this
species.
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Attachment D
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE San Francisco gartersnake
Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia
Federal
Endangered
California
Endangered
CDFW Fully
Protected
Vicinity of freshwater marshes, ponds and
slow-moving streams in San Mateo County
and extreme northern Santa Cruz County.
Prefers dense cover and water depths of at
least one foot. Upland areas near water are
also very important.
Unlikely. No ponds or perennial streams
were observed within the Study Area to
support this species. This species commonly
co-occurs with CRLF, which are also
unlikely to occur within the Study Area.
California tiger salamander - central
California DPS
Ambystoma californiense pop. 1
Federal
Threatened
California
Threatened
Populations in Santa Barbara and Sonoma
counties currently listed as endangered;
threatened in remainder of range. Inhabits
grassland, oak woodland, ruderal and
seasonal pool habitats. Adults are fossorial
and utilize mammal burrows and other
subterranean refugia. Breeding occurs
primarily in vernal pools and other seasonal
water features.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
provide ruderal or seasonal pool habitats
suitable for this species. No local source
populations have been documented within
the vicinity of the Study Area.
Santa Cruz black salamander
Aneides niger
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Climbing salamanders of the genus Aneides
frequent damp woodlands and are usually
found hiding under various debris (i.e. bark,
woodrat nests, logs). The Santa Cruz black
salamander exists south of the San Francisco
Bay and was only recently recognized as a
separate and protected species. Santa Cruz
black salamander is highly sedentary,
preferring to stay hidden under riparian
debris. Prey items include millipedes,
spiders, and other insects (Stebbins and
McGinnis 2012).
No Potential. The Study Area is outside of
the known range of this species.
California giant salamander
Dicamptodon ensatus
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Occurs in the north-central Coast Ranges.
Moist coniferous and mixed forests are
typical habitat; also uses woodland and
chaparral. Adults are terrestrial and
fossorial, breeding in cold, permanent or
semi-permanent streams. Larvae usually
remain aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates.
Unlikely. The Study Area does not contain
permanent or semi-permanent aquatic
breeding habitat with cold temperatures to
support this species.
Foothill yellow-legged frog
Rana boylii
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Found in or adjacent to rocky streams in a
variety of habitats. Prefers partly-shaded,
shallow streams and riffles with a rocky
substrate; requires at least some cobbleUnlikely. Ephemeral and intermittent drainages within the Study Area do not
provide suitable rocky substrate and are
unlikely to contain water or support flows
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Attachment D
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE sized substrate for egg-laying. Needs at
least 15 weeks to attain metamorphosis.
for long enough periods to support this
species.
California red-legged frog
Rana draytonii
Federal
Threatened
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Lowlands and foothills in or near permanent
sources of deep water with dense, shrubby
or emergent riparian vegetation. Requires 11
to 20 weeks of permanent water for larval
development. Associated with quiet
perennial to intermittent ponds, stream
pools and wetlands. Prefers shorelines with
extensive vegetation. Disperses through
upland habitats after rains.
Unlikely. Despite the presence of multiple
occurrences around nearby Crystal Springs
Reservoir, the Study Area is separated from
these occurrences by Interstate 280 which
constitutes a complete barrier to dispersal
for CRLF. Additionally, no hydrologic
connectivity appears to exist between
potentially suitable habitats within the
Study Area and known source populations.
FISH
Green Sturgeon, southern Distinct
Population Segment
Acipenser medirostris
Federal
Threatened
CDFW Species of
Special Concern
Spawn in the Sacramento River and the
Feather River. Spawn at temperatures
between 8-14 degrees C. Preferred spawning
substrate is large cobble, but can range from
clean sand to bedrock.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain suitable aquatic habitat for this
species.
Steelhead - central California coast
DPS
Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus pop. 8
Federal
Threatened
Occurs from the Russian River south to
Soquel Creek and Pajaro River. Also in San
Francisco and San Pablo Bay Basins. Adults
migrate upstream to spawn in cool, clear,
well-oxygenated streams. Juveniles remain
in fresh water for 1 or more years before
migrating downstream to the ocean.
Unlikely. Intermittent and ephemeral
drainages within the Study Area are unlikely
to contain sufficient flows to support
spawning or rearing for this species during
any portion of the year.
Longfin smelt
Spirinchus thaleichthys
Federal
Candidate
California
Threatened
Euryhaline, nektonic and anadromous. Found
in open waters of estuaries, mostly in middle
or bottom of water column. Prefer salinities
of 15 to 30 ppt, but can be found in
completely freshwater to almost pure
seawater.
No Potential. Suitable open water habitat
does not occur within the Study Area.
INVERTEBRATES
Crotch bumble bee
Bombus crotchi
California
Candidate
Endangered
Range largely restricted to California,
favoring grassland and scrub habitats.
Typical of bumble bees, nests are usually
constructed underground.
Moderate Potential. The Study Area is
within the current range of this species.
This species may occur in grassland and
scrub habitats where flowering resources
and burrowing rodent activity are present.
Western bumble bee
Bombus occidentalis
California
Candidate
Endangered
Formerly common throughout much of
western North America; populations from
southern British Columbia to central
Unlikely. The Study Area is outside of this
species known current distribution. There
are no recent documented occurrences of
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Attachment D
Note: All species identified using the Jepson eFlora [Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024]; nomenclature follows Jepson eFlora [Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024] or Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants (CNPS 2022). Sp.: “species”, intended to indicate that the observer was confident in the identity of the genus but uncertain which species.
1 California Native Plant Society. 2024. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants (online edition, v9.5). Sacramento, California. Online at:
http://rareplants.cnps.org/; most recently accessed: September 2024.
FE: Federal Endangered
FT: Federal Threatened
SE: State Endangered
ST: State Threatened
SR: State Rare
Rank 1A: Plants presumed extinct in California
Rank 1B: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere Rank 2: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere Rank 3: Plants about which we need more information – a review list Rank 4: Plants of limited distribution – a watch list
2 California Invasive Plant Council. 2024. California Invasive Plant Inventory Database. California Invasive Plant Council, Berkeley, CA. Online at: http://www.calipc.org/paf/; most recently accessed: September 2024.
SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS1, 2 HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE California have nearly disappeared (Xerces
2015). Occurs in a wide variety of habitat
types. Nests are constructed annually in preexisting cavities, usually on the ground (e.g. mammal burrows). Many plant species are
visited and pollinated.
this species in the vicinity of the Study
Area.
Bay checkerspot butterfly
Euphydryas editha bayensis
Federal
Threatened
Restricted to native grasslands on outcrops
of serpentine soil in the vicinity of San
Francisco Bay. Plantago erecta is the
primary host plant; Orthocarpus densiflorus
and O. purpurascens are the secondary host
plants.
No Potential. The Study Area does not
contain serpentine soils nor the appropriate
host plants to support this species.
Myrtle's silverspot butterfly
Speyeria zerene myrtleae
Federal
Endangered
Restricted to the fog belt of northern Marin
and southernmost Sonoma County, including
the Point Reyes peninsula; extirpated from
coastal San Mateo County. Occurs in coastal
prairie, dunes, and grassland. Larval
foodplant is typically Viola adunca. Adult
flight season may range from late June to
early September.
No Potential. The Study Area occurs outside
of this species current known range.
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High: Severe ecological impacts; high rates of dispersal and establishment; most are widely distributed ecologically.
Moderate: Substantial and apparent ecological impacts; moderate-high rates of dispersal, establishment dependent on disturbance; limitedmoderate distribution ecologically Limited: Minor or not well documented ecological impacts; low-moderate rate of invasiveness; limited distribution ecologically Assessed: Assessed by Cal-IPC and determined to not be an existing current threat
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Draft Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program
San Carlos Parks Master Plan
San Carlos, California
Prepared for: Prepared by:
City of San Carlos
600 Elm Street
San Carlos, CA 94070
Attn: Lisa Costa Sanders
[email protected]
WRA, Inc.
2169 G East Francisco Boulevard
San Rafael, CA 94901
May 2026 WRA#340137
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San Carlos Parks Master Plan · City of San Carlos Parks and Recreation Department Draft Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program | May 2026 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION
CEQA Guidelines (California Code of Regulations, Title 14), Section 15097, requires public agencies to adopt reporting or monitoring programs when they approve projects to an Environmental Impact Report or negative declaration that includes mitigation measures to avoid significant environmental effects. The reporting or monitoring program shall be designed to ensure compliance with conditions of project approval during project implementation in order to avoid significant adverse environmental effects.
This Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) has been prepared pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 16097, which state the following:
In order to ensure that the mitigation measures and project revisions identified in the EIR or negative declaration are implemented, the public agency shall adopt a program for monitoring or reporting on the revisions which it has required in the project and the measures it has imposed to mitigate or avoid significant environmental effects. A public agency may delegate reporting or monitoring responsibilities to another public agency or to a private entity which accepts the delegation; however, until mitigation measures have been completed the lead agency remains responsible for ensuring that implementation of the mitigation measures occurs in accordance with the program.
The public agency may choose whether its program will monitor mitigation, report on mitigation, or both. “Reporting” generally consists of a written compliance review that is presented to the decision-making body or authorized staff person. A report may be required at various stages during project implementation or upon completion of the mitigation measure. "Monitoring" is generally an ongoing or periodic process of project oversight. There is often no clear distinction between monitoring and reporting and the program best suited to ensuring compliance in any given instance will usually involve elements of both.
2.0 MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM
The basis for this MMRP are the mitigation measures included in the Draft Programmatic IS/MND (SCH 2026040868) prepared for the Parks Master Plan. These mitigation measures are designed to eliminate or reduce significant adverse environmental effects of the Plan to less than significant levels. The City of San Carlos Parks and Recreation Department has agreed to implement the mitigation measures as required, before and during implementation of the proposed Plan.
Table 1 below presents the potentially significant impacts and proposed mitigation measures identified in the Draft Programmatic IS/MND, the timing of implementation of the mitigation measures (i.e., when the measure will be implemented), the City staff or individual responsible for ensuring implementation of each mitigation measure, and the City staff member or individual responsible for monitoring the mitigation measures.
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MITIGATION MEASURES
IMPLEMENTATION
RESPONSIBILITY
IMPLEMENTATION
TIMING
COMPLIANCE RECORD
AESTHETICS
Mitigation Measure AES-1. Non-Reflective Materials
All new construction and improvements, including playground equipment, restroom facilities, lighting, fencing, irrigation appurtenances, and other site features, shall utilize non-reflective, low-glare materials and finishes to the maximum extent feasible.
Exterior surfaces shall be finished with matte, textured, or earthtoned coatings, and highly reflective materials such as polished metals or mirrored surfaces shall be avoided.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Throughout
project design, prior to
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
AIR QUALITY
Mitigation Measure AIR-1. Construction Health Risk Assessment Individual projects under the proposed Plan that will include the use of heavy machinery (e.g., excavators, concrete trucks, bulldozers, loaders, etc.) within 1,000 feet of a sensitive receptor for a duration of two months or longer shall prepare a Construction Health Risk Assessment (HRA) prior to project approval. A sensitive receptor includes any land use with a concentrated population of people that are highly susceptible to health effects of air pollution, such as children, the elderly, asthmatics. Therefore, land uses with a concentrated population of sensitive receptors include schools, daycare centers, playgrounds, hospitals, nursing homes, retirement homes, and residential communities. If the results of the HRA indicate that the project would have a potentially significant impact to air quality sensitive receptors, the project shall implement mitigation measures recommended in the HRA to reduce the impact to a less-than-significant level. Mitigation measures for the types of projects anticipated under the proposed Plan may include restricting vehicle idling time, implementing windbreaks, and using cleaner equipment, such as Tier 4 engines.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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IMPLEMENTATION
RESPONSIBILITY
IMPLEMENTATION
TIMING
COMPLIANCE RECORD
BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Mitigation Measure BIO-1a. Special-status Plants
Targeted surveys for special-status plant species shall be conducted prior to ground-disturbing activities for any projects that would result in ground disturbance outside of developed or ornamental land cover. Botanical surveys will be conducted within the work area the year prior to development by a qualified biologist during the appropriate timeframe when plants with moderate potential to occur are evident and identifiable in accordance with CDFW’s Protocols for Surveying and Evaluating Impacts to Special-Status Native Plant Populations and Natural Communities, dated March 20, 2018, and available at: Survey and Monitoring Protocols and Guidelines (CDFW.ca). Three appropriately timed protocol-level surveys will be performed, one during mid spring (March-May), one during late spring/early summer (May-June), and one during midlate summer (July-August). Reference site visits will be conducted to confirm that the target species are in bloom during the surveys.
If no special-status plant species are found, then the project will not have any impacts to special-status plant species and no additional mitigation measures would be necessary.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
Mitigation Measure BIO-1b. Special-status Plants
If special-status plant species are found, populations or individuals will be flagged and fully avoided by a 10-foot no-disturbance buffer where no ground-disturbing activities will take place, including construction staging or other temporary work areas. Activity exclusion zones for special-status plant species will be established prior to activities around each occupied habitat site, the boundaries of which will be clearly marked with standard orange plastic construction exclusion fencing or its equivalent. The size of activity exclusion zones may be determined through consultation with a qualified biologist.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to
construction, for
duration of
construction, and
post-construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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IMPLEMENTATION
RESPONSIBILITY
IMPLEMENTATION
TIMING
COMPLIANCE RECORD
If special-status plants are present and impacts to those plant populations cannot be avoided, seed or other propagules will be harvested from at least 50 percent of plants within areas of impact.
Harvested seed or propagules will be stored for reintroduction into the preserved portion of the project site. A Habitat Management Plan (HMP), or similar document(s) by a different name(s), will be prepared for the reintroduction area. The HMP will be provided to the City and CDFW for approval. The HMP will provide detailed information to the CDFW and the City on the quality of preserved habitat, location of the preserved occurrences, provisions for protecting and managing the areas, the responsible parties involved, and other pertinent information that demonstrates the feasibility of the compensation. An HMP will identify appropriate mitigation ratios developed in consultation with CDFW.
The HMP will also include monitoring methods and performance criteria for post-construction monitoring, including criteria for the successful establishment and preservation of special-status plants within the reintroduction area. Success criteria include:
• Habitat acreage for special-status plants in the
reintroduction area will be equivalent to the acreage
occupied by those species during the most recent
survey that occurs prior to construction.
• Populations of special-status plants will be monitored annually for a minimum of 5 years following
establishment of the reintroduction area.
• Management of invasive species such that species
rated as “High” by the California Invasive Plant Council, with the exception of common non-native grasses that
dominate undeveloped habitats in the surrounding
area, will not collectively exceed 5 percent absolute
cover within the reintroduction area.
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RESPONSIBILITY
IMPLEMENTATION
TIMING
COMPLIANCE RECORD
• Based on the results of post-construction monitoring, adaptive management actions will be implemented, if
necessary. Adaptive management actions may include
reseeding and treatment of invasive species.
If propagation efforts do not meet performance standards, then the loss of individuals of special-status plants shall be compensated for through the acquisition, protection, and subsequent management of other existing occurrences, as approved by CDFW and the City.
Mitigation Measure BIO-2: Worker Environmental Awareness Training
For projects under the proposed Plan that involve ground-disturbing activities in undeveloped land cover (i.e., any land cover type within the Plan Area other than developed and ornamental), a qualified biologist shall provide a worker environmental awareness program (WEAP) training to all personnel involved in project construction. At a minimum, the WEAP shall consist of a brief presentation by persons knowledgeable about the biology of sensitive species with potential to occur in the project footprint, and about their legislative protection to explain concerns to contractors and their employees involved with implementation of the project. The WEAP will include a description of any special-status species with potential to occur in the project footprint, its habitat needs, any reports of occurrences in the area, an explanation of the status of these species and their protection under State and Federal legislation, and a list of measures being taken to reduce impacts to these species during construction.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
Mitigation Measure BIO-3. San Francisco Dusky-footed Woodrat To avoid potential impacts to San Francisco dusky-footed woodrat, the following measures will be implemented:
• Prior to vegetation removal and/or ground disturbance within suitable habitat, a pre-construction survey for
woodrat structures shall be conducted by a qualified
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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IMPLEMENTATION
RESPONSIBILITY
IMPLEMENTATION
TIMING
COMPLIANCE RECORD
biologist. Any woodrat structures found during the
survey shall be flagged and avoided.
• If avoidance is not possible, then structures to be
impacted shall be dismantled by hand under the
supervision of a qualified biologist. Dismantled nest
material shall be moved to adjacent vegetated areas
that will not be disturbed.
• If woodrat young are encountered during the
dismantling process, materials shall be placed back on
the structure and a work exclusion buffer of 50 feet
placed around the structure. The structure shall remain undisturbed for at least two weeks to allow the young
to mature and leave of their own accord, or for the
female to move the young. After the avoidance period,
the nest dismantling process may begin again.
Mitigation Measure BIO-4. American Badger
The following minimization measure will be implemented for any ground-disturbing activities in undeveloped land cover (i.e., any land cover type other than developed and ornamental) within Big Canyon Park and Eaton Park to avoid potential impacts to American badger:
• A qualified biologist shall conduct a focused preconstruction survey for badger dens no more than two weeks prior to construction activity in any suitable
habitat proposed for ground disturbance. If no potential badger dens are present within the construction
footprint, no further action is required.
• If a den is identified, but is inactive, the den will be excavated by hand and backfilled to prevent badgers
from using the burrow.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: No more than
two weeks prior to
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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• If the badger den is active the qualified biologist shall determine the state of occupancy (i.e., single animal
occupancy or a natal den).
o If the burrow is occupied by a single animal, the
mouth of the burrow will be repeatedly blocked
with earth, sticks and similar materials for 3-5 days
to exclude the animals and allow the badger to
self-relocate. After 5 or more days of burrow
exclusion, the den is excavated and backfilled using
hand tools.
If the burrow is a natal den, it shall be avoided by a minimum of 50-ft until the young are sufficiently developed to leave the burrow on their own. Once the young have developed sufficiently to leave the burrow on their own, the biologist will re-assess the burrow for occupancy. If no additional young are present, but the burrow remains occupied by the adult, burrow exclusion as described above may occur, followed by excavation and backfill.
Mitigation Measure BIO-5. Crotch’s Bumble Bee
The following measures will be implemented for any grounddisturbing activities in undeveloped land cover (i.e., any land cover type other than developed and ornamental) within Big Canyon Park and Eaton Park at appropriate sites to avoid potential impacts to Crotch's bumble bee:
• A qualified biologist shall survey for Crotch's bumble bee prior to the commencement of construction
activities during the colony active period or the gyne
flight season (generally, April 1 to October 31). The
survey shall occur at least two hours after sunrise (>
60F and < 90F with no rain) or two hours before sunset
and the survey area shall include the project boundaries and a surrounding 100-foot buffer area. The survey
duration shall be appropriate to the size of the project site and buffer area based on the metric of a minimum
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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of one person-hour of searching per three acres of
suitable habitat.
• During the survey(s) the qualified biologists may not capture or handle bumble bees unless specifically
authorized to do so for the project by CDFW. At a
minimum, survey methods shall include the following:
o Search areas with flowering plants for foraging
bumble bees. Observed foraging activity may
indicate a nest is nearby, and therefore, the survey
duration shall be increased when foraging bees are
present.
o Watch any bumble bees present and observe their
flight patterns. Attempt to track their movements
between foraging areas and the nest.
o Visually look for nest entrances. Observe burrow,
any other underground cavities, logs, or other
possible nesting habitat.
o Look for concentrated bumble bee activity.
o Listen for humming of nest colony.
o If bumble bees are observed, attempt to identify
the species by taking a picture.
o If foraging bees are present and a nest has not
been found, floral resources within the project’s
disturbance footprint may be carefully removed
with hand-held tools to minimize foraging bee
presence during project activities. The continuation
of bumble bee activity once such floral resources
are removed may be an indication that a nest is
present.
o The biologist conducting the survey shall record
when the survey was conducted, a general
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description of any suitable foraging habitat/floral
resources present, a description of observed
bumble bee activity, a description of any
vegetation removed to facilitate the survey, and
their determination of if the survey observations
suggest a Crotch's bumble bee nest may be present
or if construction activities could otherwise harm
the species. The survey may be conducted
immediately prior to construction granted all the
above and below conditions are met.
If a Crotch's bumble bee is observed during the survey (not associated with a nest), or if any sign(s) of a bumble bee nest is observed and if it cannot be established the species present is not Crotch's bumble bee, then construction shall not commence until CDFW provides further guidance, which may include an additional survey by a bumble bee expert, waiting until the colony active season ends, obtaining take authorization, or other actions.
Mitigation Measure BIO-6. Roosting Bats
The following measures will be implemented at all parks included in the Plan Area to avoid potential impacts to roosting bats:
• The removal or trimming of all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 16 inches shall be
conducted outside of the bat maternity season (October
through March) whenever feasible. If this is not
feasible, a bat roost assessment shall be performed by
a qualified biologist no more than 30 days prior to tree removal to determine if roosting bats are present.
• If special-status bat species or potential maternity
roosts of any species are detected during these surveys, the roost trees shall be protected, and a no-disturbance buffer of 100-feet shall be implemented around the
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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active maternity roost until maternity activities have
ceased.
Irrespective of time of year, all felled trees should remain on the ground for at least 24 hours prior to chipping, off-site removal, or other processing to allow any bats to escape.
Mitigation Measure BIO-7. Special-status and Nesting Birds The following measures will be implemented at all parks included in the Plan Area to avoid potential impacts to special-status and nesting birds:
• To the extent feasible, project-related activities should be avoided during the nesting bird season, generally
defined as February 1 – August 31. If project work must occur during the nesting bird season, a pre-construction nesting bird survey shall be conducted by a qualified
biologist within 7 days of ground disturbance or
vegetation removal to avoid disturbance to active
nests, eggs, and/or young of nesting birds. Surveys shall be conducted in all potential nesting habitat located at, and adjacent to, project work sites and in staging and
storage areas.
• If an active nest is located, a no disturbance buffer shall be established around the nest. Active nest sites and protective buffer zones shall be designated as
“Environmentally Sensitive Areas” where no projectrelated activities or personnel may enter until a qualified biologist determines that the young have fully fledged, or the nest otherwise becomes inactive (e.g.,
due to predation), and will no longer be adversely
affected by the project. Suggested buffer zone
distances differ depending on species, existing
conditions, and nest placement and shall be
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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determined and implemented in the field by a qualified
biologist.
• The buffer shall remain in place until the nest fledges or otherwise becomes inactive as determined by the
qualified biologist.
Mitigation Measure BIO-8. Aquatic Resources
Prior to issuance of grading permits or initiation of grounddisturbing activities for any projects that may impact potential jurisdictional aquatic resources, the City shall retain a qualified biologist to conduct a formal delineation of potential jurisdictional aquatic resources within the project site, including wetlands and other waters of the United States and/or State, consistent with current protocols of USACE, the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB), and the CDFW, as applicable. The delineation report shall be submitted to the appropriate regulatory agencies for review and verification.
If jurisdictional aquatic resources are confirmed and would be directly or indirectly impacted by project implementation, the City shall consult with the USACE, RWQCB, and CDFW to determine applicable permitting requirements and shall obtain all required authorizations prior to initiation of activities that could result in impacts. Such authorizations may include, but are not limited to, a Clean Water Act Section 404 permit from USACE, Clean Water Act Section 401 Water Quality Certification (or Waste Discharge Requirements) from the RWQCB, and a Lake or Streambed
Alteration Agreement pursuant to Fish and Game Code Section 1600 et seq. from CDFW.
The City shall comply with all permit conditions and implement all avoidance, minimization, and compensatory mitigation measures required by the regulatory agencies.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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CULTURAL RESOURCES
Mitigation Measure CUL-1. Archaeological Assessment
An archaeologist who meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards shall review and assess any projects that are proposed to extend beyond 12 inches below the ground surface at Burton Park, to determine if a subsurface study is warranted.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
Mitigation Measure CUL-2. Accidental Discovery of Archaeological Resources
If an accidental find is made during ground-disturbing activities, all soil disturbance shall stop within 100 feet of the find until an archaeologist who meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards can complete a significance evaluation of the find(s). If the qualified archeologist determines that the find is eligible for inclusion on the National or California Register, the archaeologist shall make recommendations for appropriate methods of treatment for the find, which shall be implemented by the City.
If the qualified archaeologist determines that the resource may be a tribal cultural resource, the City shall consult with the culturally affiliated tribe(s), and a tribal representative shall be invited to evaluate the find and provide treatment recommendations.
Treatment of tribal cultural resources shall be developed in consultation with the culturally affiliated tribe(s), with avoidance as the preferred method where feasible.
Potential treatment methods for resources may include, but would not be limited to, avoidance of the resource through changes in construction methods or project design or implementation of a program of testing and data recovery, in accordance with all applicable federal and state requirements. Any efforts shall be documented in a cultural resources report to be filed with the Northwest Information Center.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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Mitigation Measure CUL-3. Native American Remains
The City shall hire a qualified archaeologist to document the location of any reburials within the Plan Area. The location of reburials shall be documented by the qualified archaeologist on Department of Parks and Recreation 523 forms and submitted to the Northwest Information Center of the California Historical Resource Information System. The City shall ensure that the location of the reburial will remain undeveloped in perpetuity, either through deed restrictions, fencing, or some other permanent form of protection. Consideration should be made in the future for the allowance of human reburials on City lands so that the location(s) can be kept protected.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to
construction of any
projects at Arguello
Park
Initials ____________
Date ______________
Mitigation Measure CUL-4. Human Remains
California law recognizes the need to protect interred human remains, particularly Native American burials and items of cultural patrimony, from vandalism and inadvertent destruction. The procedures for the treatment of discovered human remains are contained in California Health and Safety Code §§ 7050.5 and 7052 and PRC § 5097. If remains are uncovered, ground-disturbing work shall halt within 100 feet of the find and the Lead Agency and County coroner shall be notified immediately. The coroner is required to examine all discoveries of human remains within 48 hours of receiving notice of a discovery on private or State lands (Health and Safety Code § 7050.5[b]). If the coroner determines that the remains are those of a Native American, the coroner must contact the NAHC by phone within 24 hours of making that determination (Health and Safety Code § 7050[c]). The Lead Agency and the professional archaeologist shall contact the Most Likely Descendent, as determined by the NAHC, regarding the remains. The Most Likely Descendant, in cooperation with the City, shall determine the ultimate disposition of the remains and any associated artifacts.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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GEOLOGY AND SOILS
Mitigation Measure GEO-1. Paleontological Resources
Prior to ground-disturbing activities for any project with grounddisturbing activities deeper than 12 inches under the Plan, the City shall retain a qualified paleontologist, as defined by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP) standards, to develop and conduct a Paleontological Resources Awareness Training Program for all construction personnel involved in ground-disturbing activities (including but not limited to grading, excavation, trenching, drilling, and utility installation).
The training shall be conducted prior to the commencement of ground disturbance and shall include, at a minimum:
1. A description of the types of paleontological resources that may be encountered within the project area;
2. Photographic examples of fossils and fossil-bearing
sediments;
3. A summary of applicable federal, state, and local
regulations protecting paleontological resources;
4. Identification of the procedures to follow in the event of a discovery; and
5. Contact information for the designated qualified
paleontologist.
All construction personnel shall be informed that if potential paleontological resources (e.g., fossilized bone, teeth, shell, leaf impressions, or unusual rock formations) are encountered during ground-disturbing activities, all ground-disturbing work within 50 feet of the discovery shall be halted immediately. The Construction Manager shall notify the City, who shall retain a qualified paleontologist to evaluate the find and recommend appropriate treatment measures consistent with SVP guidelines. Work in the Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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vicinity of the find shall not resume until the paleontologist has determined that the resource has been appropriately assessed and any necessary mitigation has been implemented.
Documentation of the training, including attendance logs and training materials, shall be maintained by the construction contractor and made available to the City upon request.
HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY
Mitigation Measure HYDRO-1. Erosion and Pollution Control Measures
Prior to the commencement of ground-disturbing activities for all future projects under the Plan, the City shall ensure that erosion and sediment control measures to minimize soil erosion are
implemented. These measures are aimed to reduce sedimentation and pollutant discharge during construction activities associated with trail maintenance, paving, court and turf replacement, trenching for utilities, and related improvements.
The following measures shall be implemented, at a minimum:
1. Limit disturbance to the minimum area necessary and
clearly delineate construction boundaries.
2. Install perimeter controls (e.g., fiber rolls, silt fencing, gravel bags) to prevent sediment from leaving the work
areas.
3. Protect storm drain inlets with appropriate sediment control devices.
4. Stabilize disturbed soils if inactive for more than 14 days through mulch, erosion control blankets, hydroseeding, or similar methods.
5. Cover or contain soil stockpiles and prevent tracking of sediment onto adjacent paved areas.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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6. Backfill and compact trenches promptly and restore
disturbed areas following utility installation.
7. Provide designated concrete washout areas and prevent construction materials, slurry, or debris from entering storm drains.
8. Restore disturbed areas to pre-project conditions and stabilize prior to the onset of the rainy season.
TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES
Mitigation Measure TCR-1. Cultural Resources identification Training
For future projects under the Plan that would involve grounddisturbing activities more than 12 inches below the ground surface on undeveloped land, construction crews shall be trained in “basic archaeological and tribal resources identification” and have access to a cultural resources awareness and sensitivity alert sheet. The alert sheet shall photographically depict indicators of archaeological sites and artifacts and clearly outline the procedures in the event of new discovery. These procedures shall include temporary work stoppage (i.e., a stop work order) of all ground disturbance, short-term physical protection of features and artifacts and their context, and immediate advisement of the Indian Canyon Band of Costanoan Ohlone People, the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay Area, and City representatives.
Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
Mitigation Measure TCR-2. Tribal Monitoring
For ground-disturbing activities associated with implementation of the Plan, the City shall retain a Native American monitor from a culturally affiliated tribe to monitor construction activities that have the potential to result in substantial disturbance of soils. Tribal monitoring shall be required for projects involving substantial ground disturbance, including but not limited to construction of new structures, replacement or expansion of existing buildings, installation of park facilities requiring continuous or large-area Implementation
Responsibility: City of San
Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department
Implementation
Timing: Prior to and
for duration of
construction
Initials ____________
Date ______________
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excavation, and other activities that extend beyond minor surface improvements.
Tribal monitoring shall not be required for limited, low-intensity ground-disturbing activities such as installation or replacement of fencing or signage, landscaping and tree planting, utility trenching, or similar minor improvements, provided that such activities do not involve extensive excavation or disturbance of previously undisturbed soils.
The requirement for tribal monitoring shall be determined by the City on a project-by-project basis depending on the nature, extent, and location of proposed ground disturbance. In the event that tribal cultural resources are encountered during construction, all work within 100 feet of the find shall halt, and the lead agency shall notify the appropriate tribe(s). A qualified tribal representative shall participate in the evaluation of the find and recommend appropriate treatment measures.
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RESOLUTION NO. 2026 – _____
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SAN CARLOS
ADOPTING AMENDMENTS TO THE PARKS AND RECREATION ELEMENT
AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ELEMENT OF THE
CITY OF SAN CARLOS GENERAL PLAN.
WHEREAS, in May 2024, the City Council initiated an update to the Parks Master Plan and related updates to the Parks and Recreation and Environmental Management Elements of the General Plan; and
WHEREAS, in accordance with the California Government Code Section 65300 et seq., the amendments made to the Parks and Recreation Element and Environmental Management Element have been developed to be internally consistent and prepared in compliance with environmental and climate objectives; and
WHEREAS, the amendments to the Parks and Recreation Element and the Environmental Management Element have been prepared in compliance with State Senate Bill 1425 requiring cities to review and update open space plans; and
WHEREAS, the City provided written notification on January 8, 2026 of the Proposed Parks Master Plan and General Plan Amendments to the list of tribes provided by the Native American Heritage Commission; and
WHEREAS, City staff participated in consultation with representatives from the Indian Canyon Mutsun Band of Costanoan and the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay and included recommendations in the Parks Master Plan consistent with comments from tribe representatives and modified Mitigation Measures to be responsive to tribe representative requests; and
WHEREAS, the proposed General Plan amendments to the Parks and Recreation Element and Environmental Management Element and the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration were prepared and circulated for a 30-day public review period from April 15, 2026, to May 18, 2026 to solicit agency and public input on the analysis of the potential environmental effects associated with the implementation of the project and amendments to the General Plan; and
WHEREAS, by Resolution PTC2026-07 adopted on May 18, 2026, the Planning and Transportation Commission recommends that the City Council adopt the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) and approve the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program for the Parks Master Plan and General Plan update pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) for the implementation of the mitigation measures outlined in the IS/MND; and WHEREAS, by Resolution PTC2026-08 adopted on May 18, 2026, the Planning and Transportation Commission recommends that the City Council adopt the amendments to the Parks and Recreation Element and the Environmental Management Element of the General Plan; and
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WHEREAS, the City Council conducted a duly noticed public hearing on June 8, 2026 to consider the amendments to the Parks and Recreation Element and the Environmental Management Element of the General Plan.
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the San Carlos City Council adopt the amendments to the Parks and Recreation Element (Exhibit A) and the Environmental Management Element (Exhibit B) of the General Plan.
*****
I, City Clerk Crystal Mui, hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution was duly and regularly passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of San Carlos at a scheduled meeting held on the 8th day of June 2026, by the following vote:
________________________________
CITY CLERK of the City of San Carlos
APPROVED:
____________________________
MAYOR of the City of San Carlos
Exhibits:
A. Parks and Recreation Element
B. Environmental Management Element
AYES, COUNCILMEMBERS:
NOES, COUNCILMEMBERS:
ABSENT, COUNCILMEMBERS:
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Parks and Recreation Element
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Introduction
The Parks and Recreation Element is closely related to
the City’s Master Plan for Parks, Open Space, Buildings, and other Recreational FacilitiesParks Master Plan, adopted in August 2008[Month] 2026. The Master Plan establishes
a long-term vision for San Carlos’ parks and recreation system facilities, identifies specific improvements to the its existing park system assets and programs, and
presents a strategy for funding capital improvements,
operation, and maintenance. The Parks and Recreation
Element establishes a broad policy framework to
support the Master Plan. The Master Plan also contains
detailed existing conditions information that is the
foundation for the goals and policies in this Element.
A Parks and Recreation Element is an optional element
of the General Plan and is not required by State law. The decision by the City of San Carlos to include this
Element in the General Plan shows the City’s
commitment to providing, protecting and enhancing
San Carlos’ public parks and recreational
Contents
Introduction
Existing Setting
City Parks
Open Space
Trails
Recreational Programs
Funding Sources
Guiding Principles
Goals, Policies and Actions
The Parks and Recreation Element addresses parks, open space, trails and recreational activities available to residents and visitors to San Carlos. This element provides information and policy guidance to ensure adequate provision of parks and recreational opportunities in the City of San Carlos.
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7 PARKS AND RECREATION ELEMENT
opportunities. The City recognizes that parks and
recreation are important amenities in San Carlos and
contribute to a high quality of life for all city residents.
Existing Setting
This section describes existing parks, open space, trails and recreation programs in San Carlos.
City Parks
San Carlos residents enjoy a total of 16 17 public parks located throughout the city. Figure 7-1 and Figure 7-3
show park locations and Table 7-1 identifies their size and provides a description of each park. San Carlos
parks occupy approximately 135 186 acres within the
city limit. Park amenities include multi-use athletic
fields, basketball and tennis courts, a dog park,
playground equipment, jogging paths, hiking trails,
children’s play areas and passive recreation areas.
Ball Fields at Laureola Park
The information in this element is organized into three sub-sections:
Existing Setting: Contains information on
existing parks and recreational opportunities in
the City of San Carlos.
Guiding Principles: Establishes the key
objectives that guide policies in the Parks and
Recreation Element.
Goals, Policies and Actions: Provides guidance
to the City regarding parks and recreation
decisions.
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158 GENERAL PLAN
Park Name Acreage Description
Park Name Classification Acreage Description
Arguello Park
Community Park
21.0 Arguello Park is the largest and most diverse of the developed parks with a turfed play area, picnic locations, a running trail and unmarked hiking trails totaling 1.7 miles. The park was recently renovated in 2006. Tennis courts are located on adjacent school property.a Big Canyon Park Open Space
Park
5516.
0 Big Canyon Park is a beautiful and rustic open space area. The 1.2.6-miles of trails in the park is are rugged, hilly and narrow with great views of the City and the East BaySan Francisco Bay.
Burton Park
Community Park
10.3 Burton Park is the oldest and best known of the developed parks. It currently contains Madsen and Flanegan fields softball diamond, used by adult softball leagues, little leagues, soccer teams and other baseball teams; a large soccer field; three lighted tennis courts, two full basketball courts; cornhole boards; two horseshoe pits; the Kiwanis Recreation Building; two children’s play areas; park benches; picnic tables; barbecue pits; and a turfed play area; entertainment stage; a water play area; and restrooms. The park playground was recently renovated and other renovations are planned in the future. The site hosts the Kiwanis Building and Youth Center.
Cedar Park Mini Park 0.76
Cedar Park has a small turf area, children’s play area, asphalt basketball court/multi-use section, park benches, picnic table and barbecue pit.
Chilton Park
Avenue/ Sequoia
Court
Neighborhood
Park 1.6
Chilton Avenue/Sequoia CourtPark is was an undeveloped hill area that was developed into a neighborhood park in 2022 through a robust community engagement effort. There is an excellent view of the canyon and surrounding area from the western boundary and another great view of San Carlos and the East Bay from the middle of the property. Children enjoy climbing on a major rock outcropping located on the slope leading down to Bay View. No park improvements have yet been developed on this site. The park features walking paths, seating opportunities, interpretive signage, and a nature play area.
City Hall Dog Park Special Use
Park
1.3 City Hall Dog Park is centrally located in the downtown area adjacent to City Hall and the Adult Community Center, and was converted to a dog park in 2015. It attracts mainly passive forms of recreation, but contains a turf area large enough for active games and play.
The site includes gated entry with staging areas, seating, and agility amenities for pets.
Crestview Park
Neighborhood
Park 7.0
Crestview Park is one of the newest City parks and it is frequently used by soccer players, neighboring families, and jogging and walking enthusiasts, and for star gazing. The park facilities include a soccer field, half basketball courts, pickleball courts, children’s play area, paved area with stanchions making it accessible for volleyball play and a jogging/walking path, and TABLE 7-1 SAN CARLOS CITY PARKS
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restrooms.
Eaton Park
Open Space Park
65.0 57.6
Eaton Park is a beautiful, natural open space with meandering trails, natural vegetation and varied wildlife. It is undeveloped except for a3.3 miles of trails, which winds its their way up the hillside toward Loma Lane and a 4H facility. A fire access road winds its way to the top of the park as well.
Frank D. Harrington
Park
Mini Park
0.3 Frank D. Harrington Park, located centrally along Laurel Street in Downtown San Carlos, is utilized by shoppers as a resting spot and by customers of adjacent restaurants. The park is used annually for the Art and Wine Faire, concerts in the park, and other civic events. In 2026, this park will be redesigned consistent with the Downtown Streetscape Master Plan and will include a new multi-purpose building with public restrooms and a redesigned plaza with paving and landscaping.
Heather Dog
Exercise Area Special Use
Park
1.5 The Heather Dog Exercise Area park sits adjacent to Heather Elementary School and is used by dog owners and their pets. There is also a trail in the southern part of the park with a great view through the canyon.
Highlands Park Community
Park
11.32 The complexHighlands Park is used for year-round athletic events, including baseball, soccer, softball, tennis and sports camps, and lighted tennis and pickleball courts., as well as The park also offers both passive and active for neighborhood recreational activities including a children’s play area, a veterans memorial and restroom.
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Park Name Acreage Description
Park Name Classification Acreage Description
Hillcrest Circle
Park
Mini Park
0.2 The park contains a children's play area, swings, half-court basketball court, open lawn area, picnic benches, barbecue pit and drinking fountain. The park attracts neighborhood youth that frequent the play areas, the basketball court and other “free play” sections of the asphalt. The park was recently renovated.
Laurel Street Park 0.3
The park is utilized by shoppers as a resting spot before further shopping and by customers of adjacent restaurants. The park is used annually for a portion of the Chamber of Commerce Art and Wine Festival,
the Sister City Committee’s “Taste of Italy,” concerts in the park and the Kiwanis Club’s annual toy drive.
Laureola Park
Community Park
2.6 This Laureola Park neighborhood park gets a variety of uses throughout the year. Little League baseball uses the field area in the spring and the American Youth Soccer Organization (AYSO) makes use of the entire turf area in the fall. In addition, residents utilize the turf, basketball court and the children's play area and water play regularly. The park hosts the Laureola building, a facility used for special interest classes and community groups year-round. The Special Needs Program is the main tenant of the recreation building year-round, but the building is also used for other special interest classes and community groups.
North Crestview
Park
Neighborhood
Park
4.3 This is currently an undeveloped park site, located across the street from Vista Park. It was originally acquired by the City for development of a vehicular connection between Highway 280 and Crestview Drive, which was never constructed. The site is steeply sloping up from the street, thus making access difficult. The site offers magnificent views eastward across the Bay. It borders the open space area owned by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. Opportunities exist to connect to adjacent trail systems via the North Crestview site.
Rosek Park Mini Park 0.2 This Rosek Park, a triangular-shaped parcel, is a quaint community space featuring two benches, a drinking fountain, and garden in memory of the Rosek family who often cared for the site prior to its redesign. is primarily a turf area with a large oak tree. The park is occasionally used by neighborhood children for free play and by adults as a picnic or resting area.
San Carlos Avenue
Neighborhood
Park
Mini Park
0.3 The park San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park is a small park reasonably-utilized facility, primarily attracting neighborhood children and adult chaperones. It currently contains a 2–5-year-old playground structure, swing set, park benches, picnic tables with barbecue pits, small turf area, and drinking fountain and climbing
apparatus.
TABLE 7-1 SAN CARLOS CITY PARKS (CONTINUED)
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Vista Park
Neighborhood
Park 3.8
Vista Park, landscaped with native vegetation, has walking paths, park benches, trash receptacles and picnic tables. The park has a magnificent view to the east. It is presently used by local resident walkers, pet owners and passive users.
a
Parks Master Plan will complete future Arguello Park improvements.
Source: City of San Carlos, 202607.
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The City has identified the need to acquire land to
expand existing parks and to develop new City parks.
The acquisition of new parkland has beenshould be
considered for the areas east of El Camino Real and
surrounding new mixed use developments near
Downtown. Improvements for many City parks
including replacing equipment and field upgrades are
planned for Arguello, Burton, and Highlands parks,
Devonshire Can- yon and the Civic Center area.
Additionally, an off- leash dog exercise area and a skate park have also been considered. There are also planned
expansions and improvements for many City parks,
including Arguello, Burton and Highland parks.
Adopted Specific Plans require new developments
provide accessible plazas, parks, and/or open spaces
that may be privately owned and publicly accessible.
Figure 7-1 provides information to facilitate future
decisions about park and open space land acquisition.
This map identifies the following categories of land:
City parks and open spaces, publicly-owned vacant
land, privately-owned vacant land and privatelyowned designated open space.
Service Standards
In accordance with California State Law
(Quimby Act California Government Code §
66477), Iit is the City’s goal to provide 2.53.0
acres of developed/ active parklands for every
1,000 residents in San Carlos. This service
standard is stated as Policy 1.1 of this Element.
Currently the City provides 2.32 acres of
developed/active parks for every 1,000
residents. When considering the open space
parks (Eaton and Big Canyon) managed by the
City, that number rises to 6.1 acres of parkland
for every 1,000 residents. It is also the City’s
goal to provide a standard of 1 mile of hiking
trail per 1,000 residents within open space
areas.
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Walkability Policy
A goal of the Parks and Recreation Department is to locate a park or recreational facility within ½-mile of every resident. This goal is stated as Policy Action PR-1.52 of the General Plan. Residences that are more than ½-mile from a City park are shown on Figure 7-2. Approximately 90 85 percent of existing residential parcels in San Carlos are within ½-mile of a park or recreational facility.
Open Space
San Carlos residents have access to a variety of open space areas.
Open space areas are lands set aside for preservation of significant natural resources, open space and public
education. Open space areas provide for passive
recreation with trails, views, natural vegetation, wildlife and environmental educational facilities. Open space
areas in the vicinity of San Carlos that are not managed by the City are listed in Table 7-2. These areas are owned and operated by the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space
District (MPROSD), San Mateo County and the State
Department of Fish and Game.
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Open Space Acreage Description
MPROSD manages 26 open space preserves totaling
over 57,000 acres. The three closest MPROSD preserves
are Pulgas Ridge, Purisima Creek Redwoods and
Teague Hill, with Pulgas Ridge Open Space Preserve
located within San Carlos’ SOI. San Mateo County
manages five regional parks, the largest being 467-acre Edgewood Preserve, located approximately 3 miles
south of San Carlos. The State Department of Fish and
Game runs Bair Island, a 1,985-acre Ecological Preserve within the Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge,
located adjacent to San Carlos in the wetlands of San
Francisco Bay. The Peninsula Watershed owned by the
San Francisco Public Utilities Commission lies west of
and adjacent to the Pulgas Ridge SOI. A 19,000-acre
Scenic Easement and a 4,000-acre Scenic and Recreation
Easement overlay the Peninsula Water shed. Open
space within San Carlos includes Big Can yon Park,
Eaton Park and land designated as open space in this
General Plan. The open space facilities controlled or
operated by the City are essentially unimproved or in
their natural state with minimal or no aboveground
improvements provided by the City, other than trails
and trail heads.
GENERAL PLAN 163
TABLE 7-2 OPEN SPACE AREAS
Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District (MPROSD)
Pulgas Ridge 366
6 miles of developed trails, various
trails and one wheelchair accessible
trail and an off-leash dog area.
Purisima Creek
Redwoods 3,360
24 miles of trails, features Purisima
Creek Canyon, views of the coast
and Half Moon Bay.
Teague Hill 626
One developed trail takes hikers or
equestrians through a small portion
of the northwest corner of Teague
Hill, into the Santa Cruz Mountains.
San Mateo County
8.49 miles of trails, features
Edgewood Park 467 serpentine grasslands that are famous for t h e i r magnificent displays of
wildflowers each spring.
State Department of Fish and Game
Bair Island
Ecological
Reserve
1,985 Former salt ponds that have been
restored to tidal wetlands.
San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
Peninsula
Watershed
19,000
4,000
Scenic Easement
Scenic and Recreation Easement.
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Hiking Trail at Big Canyon Park
Figure 7-1 shows the locations of open space within and surrounding the city. Figure 7-3 shows the location of
the Pulgas Ridge Open Space Preserve, Peninsula
Watershed, Edgewood Park and Bair Island regional
open spaces surrounding San Carlos.
Trails
Highlands, Arguello, Big Canyon, Eaton and Heather
Dog Area are the five city parks with hiking trails within the city limit. Among these parks, the City
owns and maintains 8.7 miles of recreational trails
which are shown in Figure 7-4. The longest trail within San Carlos’ trail system is the Eaton-Big Canyon Trail, which runs through both Eaton and Big Canyon Parks
and connects the two parks together. The City does not
maintain equestrian facilities or mountain biking trails at this time. Information on pathways through the city
for bicycling and jogging are discussed in the
Circulation and Scenic Highways Element of this
General Plan.
The City has plans to expand the system of public trails in San Carlos. In February of 2007 the City Council
approved a Trails Connections Plan that identifies 14
possible new connections to existing trails in San Carlos and surrounding areas. Existing trails and planned
connections are shown in Figure 7-4 and listed in Table 7-3. Of the 14 connections, six connect trails within San Carlos and the remaining eight are regional connections.
The first priority trails, as identified in the plan, are scheduled to be implemented before the second priority
trails. In addition to implementing the Trails
Connections Plan, the City’s planned improvements to
the trail system include extending existing trails and
addressing soil erosion and trail drainage issues.
As a part of this effort, City Council approved the
Hillside Trails Plan in 2012, which outlines new trails and design guidelines, aiming for 27 miles of new trails in the hillside area of San Carlos.
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First Priority
Second Priority
Source: City of San Carlos, 2007, Trails Connections Plan.
As previously noted, the
City does not currently
meet its standard of 1 mile
of hiking trail per 1,000
residents. To do so, the
City would need a total of
27 miles of trails (at the
city’s current population).
Additional trail miles
would be provided with
implementation of the
Council approved Trail \
Connections Plan
and identified during development of the upcoming
Open Space Management Plan. The Action Plan of the
Parks Master Plan schedules the Open Space
Management Plan for development during Fiscal Year
2008/09 to 2011/12. The City currently provides 7.58
miles of trails within city limits, totaling 0.25 miles per 1,000 residents. This does not currently meet its
standard of 1 mile of hiking trail per 1,000 residents. To do so, the City would need a total of
27 miles of trails (at the city’s current population).
Additional trail miles would be provided with
implementation of the Council approved Trail \
Connections Plan and Hillside Trails Plan
Sustainability and the Parks
and Recreation Department
ing to the advancement of sustainability
practices within the city. The Department uses a
small electric truck for park maintenance, has a
strong recycling program, and implements an
Integrated Pest Management plan which strives to
reduce the amount of chemicals used for park
maintenance. The Department uses 100 percent
of all downed trees for mulch and utilizes an
irrigation system that regulates the amount of
water used based on atmospheric conditions.
TABLE 7-3 POTENTIAL SAN CARLOS TRAIL
CONNECTIONS
1 Crestview to Pulgas Ridge Open Space Preserve and San Francisco Watershed Lands
2 Unimproved City-Owned Parcel on Crestview (Across
Crestview Drive from Vista Park) to San Francisco Watershed Lands
3 Devonshire Trail System to Crestview
4 Highland Area/Heather Park to Big Canyon/Eaton Trail System 5 Lynton/Oakley Avenue to Club Drive to Witheridge Road to Belmont Trail System
6 End of Brittan to Pulgas Ridge Open Space Preserve
7 Cranfield Avenue to Club Drive to Witheridge in Belmont 8 Eaton Park to City-Owned Parcel Off La Mesa Drive Via Loma Road to Edgewood Park
9 Oakley/Devonshire to Crestview Drive and Vista Park
10 Lands of Rosa Flores Via Chesham to Proposed Devonshire Trail System
11 Land of Rosa Flores Via Winding Way to Proposed Devonshire Trail System
12 Existing Trail from Highlands Park to Winding Way
13 Alameda to Dundee and Highland Park Across Black Mountain Property to Bell/Lupin Avenue
14 Lower Crestview Drive to Pulgas Ridge Open Space Preserve
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Recreational Programs
The Parks and Recreation Department provides
recreational services and programs for all residents
of San Carlos including youth, adults, senior
citizens and people living with disabilities.
Services and programs are primarily provided at
the Adult Community Center,
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Youth Center at Burton Park
the Burton Park buildingsYouth Center, and the
Laureola Park Special Needs Bbuilding. The Adult
Community Center serves residents of all ages with
primary focus on older adultsover 50, offering a number of classes and activities. Meeting and dining spaces for special events are available at the Adult Community
Center. At Burton Park is the Youth Center, which
targets pre-teen and young teen youth and offers adult
programs when the building is not in use by youths.
Itand has a full-size gymnasium, activities room, TV
lounge, learning kitchen, dance studio and computerequipped homework center. The Laureola Park Special Needs Buildingbuilding offers pre-school
programs and serves special-needs residents,
offering recreation and socialization
activitiesspecialized classes and programs
primarily used by camps and youths in the
community.
Youth Center
at Burton Park
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for children, teenagers and adults with physical, social, or learning limitations.
To enhance the recreational programming available to San Carlos residents, the City has identified the need for new recreational facilities and improvements to existing ones. The City has goals to prioritize planned new recreational facilities including an aquatics center, a performing arts center, a new community center, and a gymnasium for adult recreation. The City has planned improvements for existing facilities such as the Adult Community Center, the Youth Center, the Laureola Park
building, and the Kiwanis building.
Master Plan for Parks, Open Space,
Buildings and other Recreational
FacilitiesParks Master Plan
The Master Plan for Parks, Open Space, Buildings and other Recreational Facilities Parks Master Plan was adopted in August[Month], 202608. The purpose of the plan is to provide the city with a long-term vision for its park system by identifying improvements to existing parks and targeting opportunities for new park facilities. The implementation strategy, a component of the Master Plan, prioritizes and schedules park system
improvements and discusses funding for capital improvements and ongoing operation costs and maintenance. Specific
recommendations in the Master Plan will be supported by broader policies regarding parks and recreational facilities in the 2045 2030 General Plan Reset.
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Community Center, the Laureola Park Building and the
San Carlos Museum of History.
Funding Sources
Many California cities experience fiscal pressure to
provide recreational facilities and programs for their
residents. Despite funding cuts, the City remains
committed to providing a high level of service for
residents. The City is considering a wide variety of
funding mechanisms to maintain prior funding levels.
The City has two dedicated source of funding to support parks and recreational capital improvements: park land
dedication in-lieu fees and park facility development
fees. The City has a Quimby Act Ordinance in place.,
which The Quimby Act authorizes cities and counties to
pass ordinances requiring that developers set aside
land, donate conservation easements, or pay fees for
park improvements. Revenues generated through the
Quimby Act cannot be used for the operation and
maintenance of park facilities. Park facility development impact fees are imposed on all new ownership
residential development projects to provide funding for new park facilities or improvements of existing facilities to meet established standards and serve new
development. The City will also consider additional
The Guiding Principles are a set of key objectives that articulate San Carlos’ core values relating to parks and recreation. The Guiding Principles of the Parks and
Recreation Element are:
Strengthen a sense of place and communityimage
in San Carlos through parks and recreational
programs.
Provide facilities and recreational opportunities
for all residents of all ages and abilities.
Maintain a diversity of passive and active facilities
and recreational uses in San Carlos.
Support a sustainable way of life through parks
and recreation.
Facilitate and support community problem
solving.
Support urban trailsto enhance pedestrian
mobility and interconnectivity.
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funding sources including other development-related
financing mechanisms, voter approved taxes and
assessments, private sector funding and grant resources.
Rewilding Opportunities, Climate
Resilience, and Equitable Access
Under SB 1425 (2022), California cities are required to update the local open space plan with actions that
further equitable access to open space, enhance the
climate resilience of open spaces, and identify rewilding opportunities. The City has several existing plans and
policies that addresses the requirements of SB 1425,
which are summarized below. Additional actions to
expand on the intent of this regulation can be found in PR-1.13 and PR-2.11.
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Existing Plan or Ordinance
Requirements Address
Equitable Access Climate Resilience Rewilding
Parks and Recreation Element X
Land Use Element X X
Environmental Safety and Public Services Element X
Environmental Management X
Parks and Recreation Element X
Other Local Plans
Parks Master Plan (2026) X
Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Plan (2021) X X
Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan (2020) X
Belmont Creek Watershed Management Plan (2019) X X
Pulgas Creek Watershed Management Plan (2025) X X
TABLE 7-43 POTENTIAL SAN CARLOS TRAIL CONNECTIONSEXISTING PLAN OR ORDINANCE REQUIREMENTS
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Goals, Policies and Actions
POLICY PR-1.1 Actively pursue land acquisitions to
provide additional recreational
opportunities, especially in
underserved areas, which will help the
City achieve the goal of increased park
land.
POLICY PR-1.2 Maintain a balance of athletic fields,
active parks and passive open space
that supports a variety of recreational
uses.
ACTION PR-1.1 Explore opportunity sites for the
development of new parks facilities,
focusing on providing recreation
opportunities to underserved areas
based on the City‘s Parks Master Plan.
for Parks, Open Space, Buildings and
other Recreational Facilities.
ACTION PR-1.2 Work to fund land acquisition for
parks and open space including all
available mechanisms both public and
private.
ACTION PR-1.3 Continue to monitor possibilities for
acquisition of land to expand the Adult
Community Center and/or City Hall
Park.
ACTION PR-1.4 Strive to provide a minimum of 2.53.0
acres of traditional parkland for every
1,000 residents.
ACTION PR-1.5 Strive to provide a park facility within
½-mile of every resident.
POLICIES
AC TIONS
GOAL
PR-1
Increase the amount of City-owned park
and open space land.
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ACTION PR-1.6 Provide the opportunity for the Parks
and Recreation Department during the
development review process to assess
on-site open space and recreational
amenities.
ACTION PR-1.7 Investigate acquisition of open space
lands or easements to expand trail
network, especially in areas adjacent to
existing open space.
ACTION PR-1.8 Explore purchase or easement
encumbrance of land in the Devonshire
Can- yon area.
ACTION PR-1.9 Update the City’s park development
impact fee to address residential
renovations, remodels and additions
that potentially increase the number of
residents living in a dwelling unit.
ACTION PR-1.10 Identify parcels that may be suitable
for acquisition; for example, parcels in
underserved areas of the city and
parcels adjacent to parks and public
facilities.
ACTION PR-1.11 Consider adoption of an ordinance
requiring the maximum allowable park
land dedication fee.
ACTION PR-1.12 All City-owned Park Facilities and
Open Space Park Facilities, as defined
by the Municipal Code, should be rezoned to allow such uses. The City Council may change the zoning to
allow other uses if it finds that it is a
change in use that will meet the goals of
the Parks and Recreation Element of the
General Plan.Pursue designation of
City-owned Open Spaces as Priority
Conservation Areas.
ACTION PR-1.13 Strive to provide a minimum of 1 mile
of trail for every 1,000 residents.
ACTION PR-1.14 Pursue Joint Use Agreements and
partnerships with local and regional
agencies to expand recreation
opportunities and shared use facilities.
Dog exercise area at Crestview Park
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GOAL
PR-2
Provide cultural, historical, environmental
education and recreational facilities that
support a diversity of needs and interests.
POLICY PR-2.1 Consider the recreational needs and
interests of all segments of the San
Carlos community when evaluating
decisions relating to parks facilities.
POLICY PR-2.2 Consider establishing a new facility for
the visual and performing arts.
POLICY PR-2.32 Continue to support implementation
of trail connections as identified in the
City’s Potential Trail Connections Plan,
Hillside Trails Plan, and Parks Master
Plan.
POLICY PR-2.34 Continue to maintain City owned open
space trails and connections to
regional trails.
POLICY PR-2.54 Promote the development of publicly
accessible urban trails throughout the
city to provide access to the natural
environment and facilitate nonmotorized transportation options.
POLICY PR-2.56 Complete the Bay Trail alignment in
San Carlos.
POLICY PR-2.67 Encourage new development to
provide trails and trail connection
easements or dedications where
feasible and appropriate.
POLICY PR-2.78 Address any multi-use trail conflicts
with enforced policy and posted
signage.
POLICY PR-2.89 Continue building and renovating
playgrounds to universal accessibility
standards.
Denotes synergy
with Climate
Action Plan
Note: The Climate
Action Plan
adopted in 2009
was replaced by a
new Climate
Mitigation and
Adaptation Plan
(CMAP) adopted
on September 27,
2021 (Resolution
No. 2021 – 094).
The CMAP calls
for reducing
emissions 40
percent below
1990 levels by
2030 and 80
percent below
1990 levels by
2050.
POLICIES
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POLICY PR-2.910 Improve the availability and quality of athletic fields in San Carlos.
ACTION PR-2.1 Study the feasibility of acquiring
additional parkland to construct a new
community center and outdoor
aquatics facility.
ACTION PR-2.2 Consider constructing an outdoor
theater.
ACTION PR-2.32 Continue Re-evaluate the joint-use
agreements with the San Carlos
Elementary School District for
additional use of school facilities and
fields.
ACTION PR-2.43 Continue and enhance alternative
funding strategies for providing
additional facilities, including naming
rights and sponsorships, grants and
endowments.
ACTION PR-2.45 Coordinate with relevant agencies and
organizations to support development
of the Bay Trail Network and to provide
a safe and convenient route in the
vicinity of the San Carlos Airport.
ACTION PR-2.56 Implement the Prepare an Open Space
Management and Trails Master Plan
improvements and continue to further
identify trail connectivity and future
trail development for public benefit.
ACTION PR-2.67 Maintain a current map of trails that is available to the public and update as
necessary to define trails as multi-use
or single-use.
ACTION PR-2.78 Extend and improveMaintain quality
trails in Big Can- yon Park, Eaton Park
and Arguello Park.
ACTION PR-2.98 Consider providing space, whether in
new or existing parks, for off-leash dog
areas, a skate park, bocce courts,
Frisbee golf, BMX bicyclingall-wheels
pump track, zip-line, and other
alternative sports.
AC TIONS
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ACTION PR-2.910 Study feasibility and desirability of
reopening and/or expanding
pedestrian and bicycle pathways.
ACTION PR-2.11 Conduct an equity analysis as part of
each update of the Parks and
Recreation Element to identify park
and open space access needs and guide
park and recreation facility
improvement priorities
ACTION PR-2.12 Enhance access to parks and recreation
facilities through safe streets
improvements, pedestrian crossings,
and accessibility measures.
Oak tree at Burton Park
GOAL
PR-3
Provide recreational programs to meet the
needs of all residents.
POLICY PR-3.1 Ensure that recreational programs are
available for all ages and abilities.
POLICY PR-3.2 Support recreational programs that
encourage the interaction of different
segments of the San Carlos population.
POLICY PR-3.3 Expand the availability ofExplore
opportunities to offer or expand access
to aquatics facilities and programming.
POLICY PR-3.4 Promote visual and performing arts
programs.
POLICIES
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POLICY PR-3.45 Ensure that parks facilities and usage
will only be expanded with a
commensurate expansion in
maintenance resources, including
future staff and equipment.
POLICY PR-3.56 Partner with adjacent agencies
including San Mateo County, Belmont
Parks and Recreation, San Francisco
Public Utilities Commission and the
Midpeninsula Regional Open Space
District to provide expanded parks and
open space amenities for San Carlos
residents.
POLICY PR-3.67 Protect Utilize the Youth Center as a
valuable venue giving priority to youth
activities and programs as subject to the
terms in the Youth Center Use Policy
adopted by City Council with adult
programing during off-youth hours.
POLICY PR-3.7 Prioritize multi-generational spaces
and programs in both established and
future parks and facilities.
ACTION PR-3.1 Seek to establish a joint use agreement
with the Sequoia Union High School
District to increase access to pools,
gymnasiums, theaters, athletic fields
and other facilities.
ACTION PR-3.2 Seek to improve existing fields
through the City/San Carlos
Elementary School District joint use
agreement.
ACTION PR-3.3 Explore opportunities to provide a
multi-generational recreation facility in
San Carlos.
ACTION PR-3.4 Promote the design of multi-use
recreational spaces and facilities to
expand recreation opportunities.
ACTION PR-3.5 Consider property acquisitions
adjacent to Laureola Park for expansion
of park space.
City Hall Park
AC TIONS
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GOAL
PR-4
Provide for environmentally-sustainable
parks and recreational programs.
POLICY PR-4.1 Preserve and protect sensitive species
and habitats in City parks and open
space, as identified by the
Environmental Management Element
of this Plan or state and federal
guidelines.
POLICY PR-4.2 Maintain and enhance ecological
diversity in City parks and open
space.
POLICY PR-4.3 Incorporate sustainable practices into
the on-going maintenance of City
parks and recreational facilities.
POLICY PR-4.4 Design new park and community
facilities with environmentallyfriendly features, incorporating formalized Bay-Friendly Landscaping
practices and to be Leadership in
Energy and Environmental Design
(LEED) certified or equivalent.
POLICY PR-4.5 Consider transit, bicycle and
pedestrian accessibility when
evaluating locations for new or
substantially renovated parks facilities.
POLICY PR-4.6 Use sustainable materials reused,
renewable, locally sourced and/or
recycled to the greatest extent
possible.
POLICY PR-4.7 Continue to employ integrated pest
management policy and practices as
part of parks maintenance and
recreation services programs.
POLICY PR-4.8 Replant, when necessary, with native
species and/or climate appropriate
plants.
POLICIES
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POLICY PR-4.9 Design and maintain trails with
appropriate drainage standards and to
prevent soil erosion.
POLICY PR-4.10 Integrate stormwater management
onsite to the greatest extent possible for
all parks facilities.
POLICY PR-4.11 Maintain or plant trees where
appropriate to provide shade, absorb
carbon, reduce the heat island effect
and reduce cooling loads in shaded
buildings.
POLICY PR-4.12 Study the feasibility of reducing or
eliminating City department use of
gasoline powered landscape
maintenance equipment.Continue to
use electric powered landscape
maintenance equipment when feasible
(unless backup equipment is required).
POLICY PR-4.13 Reference the San Carlos Climate
Mitigation and Adaptation Plan to
ensure park and recreation
improvements align with City climate
goals.
ACTION PR-4.1 Based on recommendations for
increased energy efficiency, develop an
implementation program for efficiency
modifications to Department- maintained
facilities.
ACTION PR-4.2 Adopt Bay-Friendly Landscaping
Principles or current best practices as
part of the City’s parks maintenance
pro- gram.
ACTION PR-4.3 Continue and enhance the grasscycling and plant debris compost program.
ACTION PR-4.4 Develop a program to replace sheared
hedges in City parks with plants that
can grow to their natural shape and size
within the space allotted to them.
ACTION PR-4.5 Continue and enhance smart irrigation
with climate-based controllers in City
parks.
AC TIONS
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ACTION PR-4.6 Study the feasibility of minimizing the
use of new lawns in City parks and the
replacement of some existing lawns
with meadows or no-mow turf
alternatives.
ACTION PR-4.7 Continue department policy of not
purchasing or providing water in
plastic bottles.
ACTION PR-4.8 Develop and implement a Tree
Mitigation Plan, in coordination with a
certified arborist, to ensure pedestrian
safety and the long-term health of park
trees.
ACTION PR-4.9 Support the use of digital tools, such as QR codes linked to an app or website,
to educate visitors about native and
existing flora within open space areas.
Park bench at Vista Park
POLICY PR-5.1 Continue to use the Parks, and
Recreation, and Culture Commission as
a forum for resident involvement in
decision making relating to parks and
recreation.
GOAL
PR-5
Promote civic engagement in parks and
recreation.
POLICIES
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POLICY PR-5.2 Provide regular outreach to the public about City parks, recreation facilities, and
recreational programs.
POLICY PR-5.3 Support community efforts to use parks and recreation as an expression of civic pride.
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POLICY PR-5.4 Work with the Parks and Recreation
Foundation and other civic or private
organizations to raise private funds for
prioritized projects.
POLICY PR-5.5 Continue to support community
events, volunteers and non-profits.
POLICY PR-5.6 Continue to support and partner with
other City departments to meet City
and department goals.
POLICY PR-5.7 Continue to support and recognize the
role of community groups.
ACTIONS
ACTION PR-5.1 Engage community members of all
ages, abilities, and social groups in
future park and recreation facility
master planning projects.
Park bench at Vista Park
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Intentionally Left Blank
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Environmental Management Element
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Introduction
State law requires that a General Plan include both a
Conservation Element and an Open Space Element. This
General Plan combines these two elements into a single
Environmental Management Element that addresses
each element’s similar and overlapping concerns, and
satisfies the legal requirements for both.
State law identifies a series of topics which must be
addressed in the Conservation and Open Space
Elements. The Conservation Element is required to
address the conservation, development and utilization
of natural resources, including forests, rivers and other waters, fisheries, plants and wildlife, minerals and
Contents
112 Biological Resources
125 Open Space
127 Hydrology
133 Air Quality
140 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
149 Solid Waste
153 Community Involvement
The Environmental Management Element aims to protect, preserve and enhance natural resources in San Carlos. The Element identifies San Carlos’ important open space lands and ensures that future development will respect the natural and scenic qualities of those places, helping to shape the desired physical form of the community by safeguarding open space for future generations. The Environmental Management Element also provides direction on the conservation of biological resources in and near San Carlos, including plants and wildlife, as well as water and air quality. Additionally, the Element identifies ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and solid waste and suggests strategies for adaptation to climate change.
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soils. The Open Space Element must address a range of
open space types, including six major categories of open space. Most of these types of open space are covered in this Environmental Management Element while a few
are covered elsewhere in this General Plan. Table 6-1
lists all six types of open space and identifies where they are addressed in this General Plan.
Not all required topics are discussed in this Element,
because they are included elsewhere in the General Plan or such resources do not exist in San Carlos. For
example, areas important for the preservation of historic and cultural resources are addressed in the Land Use
Element, and open space for public health and safety is primarily discussed in the Safety Element. San Carlos
does not have forest, fishery, agricultural, or mineral resources. Other federal and State laws require
communities to address air quality and the community
production of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and
solid waste and to develop impact reduction strategies.
To this end, the Environmental Management Element
includes the topics of air quality, GHG emissions and
solid waste.
Category Element Addressed In:
TABLE 6-1 GOVERNMENT CODE OPEN SPACE
CLASSIFICATIONS
Open Space for the Preservation of Natural Resources
Plant and animal habitat areas
Rivers, streams, lakes and their banks
Watershed lands
Areas required for ecological and
other scientific study purposes
Environmental Management
Environmental Management
Environmental Management
Environmental Management
Open Space Used for the Managed Production of Resources Agricultural lands and rangelands
Forest and timber lands
Mineral resource production areas
Not applicable to San Carlos
Not applicable to San Carlos
Not applicable to San Carlos
Open Space for Outdoor Recreation and Scenic Resources
Areas of outstanding historic or cultural Land Use
value
Parks and other areas used for Parks and Recreation
recreation
Areas of outstanding scenic value Land Use
Scenic corridors, trails and links Land Use
between different open space areas
Open Space for Public Health and Safety
Areas requiring special management or
regulation because of risks presented by Safety Element natural hazards such as steep slopes or flooding
Open Space in Support of the Mission of Military Installations Areas associated with military bases Not applicable to San Carlos Open Space for the Protection of Native American Sacred Sites
Local tribal lands
Any Native American cultural sites Land Use Element
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Biological Resources
The following section provides background information
pertaining to biological resources in San Carlos. The
background information supports the goals and policies
related to biological resources, which are also included in this section.
Background Information
This section includes background information on
natural vegetative communities, special status plants
and wildlife, wetlands, riparian habitat and soil types in and near San Carlos.
Natural Communities in San Carlos
Although native vegetation within San Carlos has been
substantially altered, the presence of large areas of
undeveloped lands to the west and the remaining
riparian corridors along creeks contributes to a diverse assemblage of resident and migrant wildlife species. In general, each habitat differs in its relative value to
specific species and can be characterized by both
vegetation and dependent animal species, although
some wildlife species may utilize more than one habitat type. Figure 6-1 shows a general map of the vegetation
and
The Environmental Management Element is divided
into three sections:
Background Information: Provides information
on the existing conditions of biological
resources, hydrology, air quality, greenhouse
gas emissions and solid waste.
Guiding Principles: Provides a framework and
establishes the basic intent of the element and
are a broad statement of overall community
value relating to environmental management in
San Carlos.
Goals, Policies and Actions: Provides policy
guidance for protecting and preserving
important resources covered in this Element,
mentioned above.
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habitat types based on CalVeg mapping by the U.S.
Forest Service.
The habitat types found within and around San Carlos
all provide different ecological functions and value. The more common habitat types are outlined below:
Non-vegetated and sparsely vegetated habitat. Most of the non-vegetated and sparsely vegetated habitat
areas are located east of Alameda de las Pulgas as
shown on Figure 6-1.
Aquatic habitat. Aquatic habitat includes streams,
ponds, lakes and bay shoreline that provide
habitat to a variety of birds, amphibians, fish and
mammals.
Wetlands. Wetlands are areas that are periodically
or permanently inundated by surface or ground
water and support vegetation adapted to life in
saturated soil. Wetlands provide habitat to fish
and wildlife and provide stormwater, flood and
water recharge, filtration and purification
functions. Seasonal wetlands are areas of
prolonged saturation that are dry during the
summer months. Wetlands tend to be present near
aquatic features such as creeks, lakes, or ponds
and along the bayshore, but also may be found
within seasonal swales or isolated depressions
such as a low spot in the ground. Wetlands and
major waterbodies in and near San Carlos are
shown in Figure 6-2. Although there are only
documented areas of wetlands near the eastern
city border, it is likely that these features exist in
other areas of the city and its SOI.
Riparian habitats. Riparian habitat is a distinct
plant community found along the margins of
creeks and rivers. It has a very high value to
wildlife and generally exhibits a rich and diverse
animal community. Although mostly urbanized,
Pulgas, Brittan, Belmont and Cordilleras Creeks
support areas of riparian habitat. However, the
scale of the riparian habitat area is too small to be
shown in Figure 6-1.
Oak woodland. Oak woodland habitat consists of
patches of several or more mature trees frequently
dominated by California coast live oak and valley
oak. Some areas of oak woodland habitat also
support a dense understory shrub layer of
vegetation that includes coyote brush, poison oak,
California coffeeberry, Himalayan blackberry and
California rose. Several types of
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Shorew
Belmont
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oak woodland are shown on Figure 6-1. This
habitat is found in small patches in single-family
neighborhoods and concentrated in open space
and park areas.
Annual grassland. The majority of grassland
habitat in San Carlos is rather low-quality
grassland dominated by annual, non-native
upland grasses and forbs.
Scrub. Scrub habitat in the San Carlos area is
characterized by Chamise-Redshank Chapparal.
Scrub is found in some of the upland open space
and park areas.
Sensitive Plant and Wildlife Species in San Carlos
San Carlos’ hilly, densely vegetated open space areas
and proximity to the San Francisco Bay provide
potential habitat for a variety of sensitive plant or
wildlife species. As of February 2009, the California
Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB), an inventory of
rare plants and animals in California, identified no
occurrences of sensitive species or habitats in the urban areas of San Carlos. However, known occurrences of
sensitive species are documented nearby. Specifically,
the dusky footed woodrat is known to be located on, or
in the immediate vicinity of an area at the western end of Devonshire Boulevard, and the highest
concentrations of nests occurring in riparian, coast live oak woodland and chaparral dominated by chamise
and toyon. Circles around these point locations, using
radii given in the CNDDB, are drawn on Figure 6-3.
Sensitive habitat, plants and wildlife found within the city limit and SOI are summarized in Table 6-2.
Coastal salt marsh and wetland habitat near the San
Carlos Airport, but outside the city limit and SOI, are known to support sensitive species. Water birds such as the endangered California clapper rail and threatened
western snowy plover could potentially be present in
areas adjacent to the San Carlos Airport. There is also potential for the federal endangered salt marsh harvest mouse to occur in these areas, particularly in places with cordgrass or alkali brush.
The San Francisco garter snake, California red-legged
frog, California tiger salamander and dusky footed
wood rat all have potential to occur in open space areas in and around San Carlos. The San Francisco garter
snake, a federal endangered species, typically resides in densely vegetated ponds near exposed hillsides where
they can sun themselves, feed and find cover in
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Species Habitat Status
Habitat
Serpentine Bunchgrass n/a Recognized as a sensitive community by CDFG Plants
Arcuate bush-mallow Chaparral and coastal scrub on dry slopes CNPS List 1B (rare, threatened or endangered in California) Crystal Springs lessingia Mixed woodlands, oak woodlands, valley and foothill grasslands, coastal scrub on serpentine soils CNPS List 1B (rare, threatened or endangered in California) Davidson’s bush-mallow Coastal scrub CNPS 1B (rare, threatened or endangered in California) Serpentine benchgrass Serpentine soils Recognized as a sensitive community by CDFG Insects
Bay checkerspot butterfly Serpentine rock outcrops and serpentine soils Federally threatened Edgewood Park micro-blind
harvestman
Serpentine rock outcrops and serpentine
grasslands Recognized as a species of special concern by CDFG Birds
Alameda song sparrow Tidal marsh Recognized as a species of special concern by CDFG California clapper rail Tidal marsh State and federally endangered western snowy plover Tidal salt, brackish freshwater marsh Federally threatened Mammals
Pallid bat Desert scrub with rocky outcrops, forested oak and pine regions Recognized as a species of special concern by CDFG Santa Cruz kangaroo rat Desert scrub and sandy hills Recognized as a species of special concern by CDFG San Francisco dusky footed
wood rat Chaparral and coastal scrub on dry slopes Recognized as a species of special concern by CDFG Notes: CDFG = California Department of Fish & Game; CNPS = California Native Plant Society Source: California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB), February 2009.
TABLE 6-2 SENSITIVE SPECIES FOUND IN THE CITY LIMIT AND SPHERE OF INFLUENCE
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rodent burrows. Often the prey of the San Francisco
garter snake, the California red-legged frog, a federal threatened species, occurs in areas of riparian
vegetation with deep, still, or slow-moving water. The
California tiger salamander, also a federal endangered
species, is found in vernal pools and seasonal ponds in grassland and low foothills. The dusty footed wood rat, a California species of concern, typically is found in
woodland areas with dense underbrush. Known
populations occur in the Devonshire SOI. Additionally,
native shrubs like the arcuate bush mallow, also known
to occur in the Devonshire SOI, could potentially occur in open space areas west of Alameda de las Pulgas.
Invasive Plants
Invasive plants are a concern throughout the Bay Area.
Detrimental effects from invasive plants particular to
urban areas include the displacement of native plants
and wildlife and increasing risk of exposure to wildfires and floods. Plants and trees such as the eucalyptus, Scotch and French broom and pampas grass increase
fire fuel loads and can also be highly flammable. Other invasive plants, such as the giant reed, can clog
stormwater systems, which can increase the risk of
flooding.
The California Invasive Plant Inventory or Invasive
Plants of California’s Wildlands can assist in
determining if a plant is an invasive species. Cal-IPC
ranks species as “High,” “Moderate,” or “Limited”
impact, and any species from these can be evaluated for potential threat to local habitat. Even species ranked as “Limited” impact for California as a whole can have
severe impacts in a particular county or property due to local history and site conditions.
Watersheds and Riparian Corridors
Natural drainage in San Carlos is divided into two main watersheds: Pulgas Creek and Cordilleras Creek.
Within the watersheds are Pulgas, Brittan, Belmont and
Cordilleras Creeks, which are the main drainage ways
through San Carlos emptying into San Francisco Bay.
Salt and brackish marshes are found near the terminus
of each of the creeks east of Highway 101. The upper
portions of these watersheds are generally
undeveloped, the middle sections are primarily
residential and the eastern portions are typically
commercial
DRAFT GENERAL PLAN 119
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and industrial. The quality of the watersheds is
discussed in Section D.1.c below.
The four creeks in San Carlos are identified in Figure 6-
2. Belmont Creek is located at the northern San Carlos
boundary in the East Side area. Belmont Creek flows
into Belmont Slough and O’Neill Slough.
Pulgas and Brittan Creeks are the two main creeks
within the City of San Carlos. The creeks have mostly
unhardened channels in the upper reaches and
hardened channels in the lower flatlands, where Brittan Creek joins Pulgas Creek via an underground conduit
(paralleling El Camino Real). Following the confluence
of Pulgas Creek and Brittan Creeks, the combined flow
drains into Smith Slough south of Bair Island.
Cordilleras Creek, the longest of the four creeks, defines the southern boundary of San Carlos, which is shared
with Redwood City. Cordilleras Creek, like the
combined Pulgas/Brittan Creek, also flows into San
Francisco Bay via Smith Slough. Similar to Pulgas and
Brittan Creeks, the upper reaches of the creek are mostly unhardened with hardened channels in the lower
flatlands.
The creeks discussed above are “losing creeks,”
meaning they are not recharged by groundwater.
Consequently, they are intermittent and generally flow
during the winter wet-weather season and from
irrigation runoff during the dry months.
Protecting the habitat functions of San Carlos’ streams and riparian corridors is a priority for the City. The
riparian protection ordinance regulates construction or other work performed in or near creeks. Exceptions to
this rule include placement of approved storm drainage outflows and removal of sedimentation.
Creek restoration and maintenance and tree and
vegetation replacement standards should further the
enhancement and protection of creeks.
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Goals, Policies and Actions
GOAL
EM-1
Protect natural habitat and other
biological resources.
POLICY EM-1.1 Ensure that potential impacts to biological resources and sensitive habitat are carefully
evaluated when considering development project
applications through the preparation of a
biological resources assessment by a qualified
biologist. Require such biological resource
assessments as part of project approval for
proposed development on sites that may support
special-status plant and animal species, sensitive
natural communities, important wildlife corridors,
riparian habitat, or regulated wetlands and
waters. Ensure that potential impacts to biological
resources and sensitive habitat are carefully
evaluated when considering development project
applications through the preparation of a
biological resources assessment by a qualified
biologist. Require such biological resource
assessments as part of project approval for
proposed development on sites that may support
The Guiding Principles are a set of key objectives that articulate San Carlos’ core values relating to the
environment. The Guiding Principles of the
Environmental Management Element are:
Ensure natural resources are preserved, sustained
andmanaged through environmentalstewardship.
Support community health and wellnessthrough
sound environmental practice.
Empower the community to help protect the
environment through public awareness and
involvement.
Ensure that there is a Climate Action Plan (CAP) in
place at all times to address reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions and manage the
impacts of climate change.
Endeavor to be amodel city of good conservation
and resource management practices.
POLICIES
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special-status plant and animal species, sensitive
natural communities, riparian habitat, important
wildlife corridors, or regulated wetlands and
waters.
POLICY EM-1.2 Ensure that development is consistent with all federal, State and regional regulations for habitat
and species protection.
POLICY EM-1.3 Work to manage or eliminate nonnative invasive species from Cityowned property and open space.
POLICY EM-1.4 Protect and preserve the circadian cycle
(the cycle of night and day) by limiting
sources of light during nighttime hours.
POLICY EM-1.5 Identify, conserve, and enhance wildlife
connectivity corridors. Where feasible,
protect continuous habitat linkages and
remove barriers to wildlife movement in
coordination with regional habitat plans
(per AB 1889 requirements). This
includes considering wildlife
crossings or buffer zones in
project designs near identified
corridors. Promote the
preservation of native species,
habitat and vegetation types
and overall natural diversity.
POLICY EM-1.6 Conduct a Habitat
Connectivity Study to map
wildlife movement routes and
ecological connectivity areas
within San Carlos and the
region. Use this study to guide
land use planning, open space
acquisitions, and infrastructure
designs that protect or enhance
these corridors (in compliance
with AB 1889).
ACTION EM-1.1 Continue to cooperate with
local, regional and State
ACTIONS Denotes synergy
with Climate
Action Plan
Note: The Climate
Action Plan
adopted in 2009
was replaced by a
new Climate
Mitigation and
Adaptation Plan
(CMAP) adopted
on September 27,
2021 (Resolution
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agencies involved in protecting
critical habitat.
ACTION EM-1.2 Seek grant funding for the removal of
invasive plants and installation of
native trees and shrubs.
ACTION EM-1.3 Use native plants wherever possible
on City-owned and controlled
property.
ACTION EM-1.4 Enforce rules and regulations in
public open space areas to minimize
the impacts of destructive activities.
ACTION EM-1.5 Require that new buildings and taller
structures that extend above the
existing surrounding urban fabric and
height of the tree canopy be designed
to minimize the potential risk of bird
collisions using input from the latest
bird-safe design guidelines and best
management practice strategies to
reduce bird strikes.
POLICY EM-2.1 Preserve and enhance riparian areas.
POLICY EM-2.2 Continue to enforce the City’s
Riparian Ordinance for all four of the
City’s creeks (Pulgas, Brittan,
Cordilleras and Belmont) and their
tributaries.
GOAL
EM-2
Promote healthy streams and riparian
corridors.
POLICIES
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POLICY EM-2.3 Carefully evaluate the cumulative and
compounding impacts of incremental
creek encroachments.
POLICY EM-2.4 Restore culverted or buried channels
to their natural state wherever
feasible.
POLICY EM-2.5 Promote the establishment of native
vegetation and the removal of nonnative invasive plants in riparian areas.
POLICY EM-2.6 Encourage property owners to replace
fallen trees along waterways to
maintain an upper canopy of
vegetation. The species shall be as
approved by the City arborist.
Encourage use of trees native to the
area.
POLICY EM-2.7 Retain Pulgas, Brittan, Cordilleras and
Belmont Creek channels and their 100-
year floodplains wherever possible as
natural open space areas. These areas
are to function as storm drainage
facilities and as open space greenbelts
to support natural habitat.
POLICY EM-2.8 Participate and help coordinate with
neighboring jurisdictions’ watershed
management efforts.
ACTION EM-2.1 Consider amending the Riparian
Ordinance to strengthen stream
protection requirements and reduce
potential for flooding. Potential
amendments may include evaluation of
increased setbacks, limited walls and
fences, requiring Best Management
Practices (BMPs) for biotechnical bank
stabilization and erosion control and
vegetation management requirements.
ACTION EM-2.2 Consider establishing incentives to
stabilize creek banks utilizing natural
methods.
ACTION EM-2.3 Provide information to the public on
City regulations and best practices for
riparian corridor management.
ACTIONS
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ACTION EM-2.4 Develop a citywide policy that
applies to all City properties and
operations and establishes protocols
to work with water service providers
to determine appropriate location(s)
for and implementation of a reclaimed
(recycled) water distribution system
(purple pipe) for landscaping and
other non-potable water uses for
residential, commercial and industrial
consumers.
ACTION EM-2.5 Explore availability of grant funding
for removal of invasive plants from
riparian areas and planting of native
and appropriate trees and shrubs.
ACTION EM-2.6 Consider preparation of Watershed
Management Plans for all watersheds,
addressing flooding causes,
improvement of creek functionality
and water quality and creek channel
restoration.
GOAL
EM-3
Enhance the urban forest.
POLICY EM-3.1 Maintain and expand the urban
canopy with special emphasis on
protection of heritage trees.
POLICY EM-3.2 Review and amend the Zoning
Ordinance as needed to identify
barriers to the effective enhancement
of the urban forest and the protection
of heritage trees.
POLICY EM-3.3 Assist community groups with tree
planning efforts.
POLICIES
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ACTION EM-3.1 Implement Climate Action Plan
measures to require tree planting.
ACTION EM-3.2 Review and amend the Zoning
Ordinance as needed to identify barriers
to the effective enhancement of the urban
forest and the protection of heritage trees.
ACTION EM-3.3 Establish and implement a program to
protect existing and plant new trees at
city facilities, public parks and in public
planting strips and parking lots, working
with non-profit volunteer groups if
possible.
Open Space
This section contains background information on open
space areas in San Carlos. Also in this section are goals and policies related to open space.
Background Information
Open space is defined as undeveloped areas that are set aside for outdoor recreation, natural resource
preservation and the protection of public safety. Within San Carlos there are approximately 73 acres of open
space designated as a city park and an additional 86
acres of land designated as open space in the Land Use
Element. This acreage includes Chilton Park and
undeveloped portions of Big Canyon Park and Eaton
Park, but does not include other city parks that are
developed for active use.
Open space near San Carlos but outside the city
boundary includes Peninsula Watershed lands, Pulgas
Ridge Open Space Preserve and Edgewood Park. Bair
Island is a significant open space area near the San
Carlos airport located within Redwood City, and is part of the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife
Refuge. Bair Island consists of 2,600 acres of open space.
Including Bair Island, there are approximately 3,370
acres of open space in areas near San Carlos. Both
Figures 7-1 and 7-3 in the Parks and Recreation Element depict open space lands within and surrounding the
city.
ACT I ONS
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Goals, Policies and Actions
GOAL
EM-4
Acquire, preserve, protect and restore
open space and enhance the public’s
ability to enter and enjoy open space,
ensuring equitable access for all residents
and increased climate resilience..
POLICY EM-4.1 Retain existing public open space as
open space.
POLICY EM-4.2 Support an open space system that is
diverse in uses and opportunities and
includes natural function/wildlife
habitat as well as passive and
appropriate active recreation. Review
new development proposals for
opportunities to create open space.
Conduct a citywide Open Space Study
to identify gaps in access to parks and
natural open spaces. Use the findings
(Placeholder: incorporate
local equity analysis data) to
inform priorities for open
space land acquisition and
improvement projects,
ensuring alignment with SB
1425 requirments.
POLICY EM-4.3 Focus open space
acquisition efforts on the
most environmentally
sensitive areas.
POLICIES
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POLICY EM-4.4 Coordinate with Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District and other agencies on planning
and managing public open space, including
management of the Pulgas Ridge Open Space
Preserve for public open space use.
POLICY EM-4.5 Support the efforts of non-profit
organizations to expand and manage
protected open space.
POLICY EM-4.6 Establish public access to public open space lands appropriate to the character and
conservation value of the open space.
POLICY EM-4.7 Prohibit the sale of City-owned open space properties.
POLICY EM-4.8 Ensure equitable access to open space for all community members by prioritizing new parks,
green spaces, and open-space improvements in
park-poor or underserved neighborhoods
(pursuant to SB 1425’s equity requirements).
POLICY EM-4.9 Leverage open spaces to enhance climate
resilience and ecosystem health. Protect and
expand natural areas that buffer climate impacts
(e.g. wetlands for flood control, urban forests
for cooling) and pursue rewilding efforts (native
habitat restoration and species support) to
preserve and enhance biodiversity (consistent
with SB 1425).
ACTION EM-4.1 Seek additional funding sources,
including State and federal programs,
to finance open space acquisition,
restoration and management.
ACTIONS
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ACTION EM-4.2 Review new development proposals for
opportunities to create open space.
ACTION EM-4.3 Establish and work to achieve City
standards for open space based on
population.
ACTION EM-4.4 Study the need for an Open Space
Ordinance.
ACTION EM-4.5 Encourage the development of riparian
open space areas for publicly-accessible,
low-impact recreation.
ACTION EM-4.6 Implement the approved Trails
Connection Plan.
Hydrology
This section contains background information and
goals, policies and actions related to water supply,
water quality and wastewater and stormwater services
in San Carlos.
Background Information
Water Supply
California Water Service Company (Cal Water), the
main water provider in the city, purchases water from
the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. Water
consumed in San Carlos is from Cal Water’s Bayshore
district, the source of which is predominantly the Hetch Hetchy reservoir, located in the Sierra Nevada
mountains. While State law calls for water to come from other lower elevation reservoirs, Hetch Hetchy
continues to be the source for most of San Carlos’ water due to its higher water quality. The San Carlos water
infrastructure system includes 21 storage tanks and 29
booster pumps. Although Cal Water is the primary
water service provider in San Carlos, the Mid- Peninsula Water District also serves approximately 100 residential and commercial accounts in the city. Additionally, some properties rely on wells for the provision of water.
Cal Water encourages water conservation through
rebate programs, providing low flow shower heads at
no cost, distributing literature on conservation practices and giving talks at local schools. Cal Water does not
currently have a recycled water system in San Carlos,
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but it does offer water recycling in other parts of the State and estimates that water recycling will likely be offered in San Carlos within the next few years.
Groundwater
The city is located within the San Mateo Subbasin of the Santa Clara Valley Groundwater Basin. The San Mateo
Subbasin is bounded by the Westside Basin to the north, San Francisco Bay to the east, San Francisquito Creek to the south and the Santa Cruz Mountains to the west.
The Subbasin has two main water-bearing units: the
Holocene and Pleistocene alluvium and the Santa Clara
Formation. The alluvium is the most important waterbearing unit in the Subbasin, and most of the wells in the Subbasin draw water from the deeper aquifers of
this unit. A relatively shallow water table aquifer
overlies the aquifers in the lowland areas. Groundwater is commonly found at less than 5 feet below grade in
flatland areas.
Water Quality
Residents in San Carlos drink water from the Bayshore
District of Cal Water. Supply from this district exceeded water quality standards in 2007. Testing includes
primary and secondary standards. Primary
standards limit levels of contaminants in drinking
water. Secondary standards limit substances that affect the taste, odor, or appearance of water; five inorganic chemicals are identified: calcium, chloride, magnesium, sodium and sulfate. The 2007 Water Quality Report for
primary standards identified fluoride, halo acetic acids, trihalomethanes, chloramine, copper and lead. None of
the identified substances in either category exceed
public health standards.
The health of the watersheds in San Carlos, described in the Biological Resources section of this Element, is
typical of urbanized areas. Upland sections of the creeks tend to have less pollution while urbanized portions of the waterways contain contaminants. Various
contaminants have been identified in San Carlos creeks
including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which can
persist in the tissues of animals found in the creeks, as well as ultimately pollute the Bay. The City considers
the habitat functions of streams and riparian corridors a priority and, therefore, developed watershed protection mechanisms such as creek setbacks, regulations for
construction adjacent to creeks and pesticide
application in watershed areas. However, water from
local watersheds is not used for drinking in San Carlos.
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Wastewater
The Public Works Department operates and maintains
the wastewater collection system in the city. The Public Works wastewater system also serves several outside
sewer districts including Devonshire Canyon, Scenic
Heights, Emerald Lake and the unincorporated portion
of the Harbor Industrial Area. Properties in these areas are subject to an Outside Sewer Service Agreement with
the City of San Carlos. These proper- ties must be
located in the SOI and must demonstrate consistency
with applicable General Plan policies. In assigning
sewer service to these properties, the City will give
priority to single-family residences with failing septic tanks. Collected wastewater is delivered to a pump
station operated by the Silicon Valley Clean Water
(SVCW). This wastewater is then pumped to the SVCW
treatment plant, located in Redwood Shores, east of the city. There are 106 miles of sewer lines in San Carlos
ranging in size from 5 to 27 inches. The average annual wastewater flow for the City of San Carlos is about 2.6 million gallons per day (MGD). Wastewater flows in
San Carlos have generally stayed constant despite
increased development due to water conservation
efforts and sewer main replacement.
The SVCW plant is a regional wastewater treatment
facility that serves San Carlos and the nearby
municipalities of Belmont, Redwood City, Menlo Park,
Portola Valley and portions of Atherton, Woodside, East Palo Alto and San Mateo County. Altogether, the SVCW
plant serves over 200,000 customers. The current
capacity of the plant is 29 million gallons per day
(MGD). The wastewater system has sufficient treatment
capacity to meet Regional Water Quality Control Board
(RWQCB) Standards.
Stormwater
As mentioned above, there are two watersheds in San
Carlos: the Pulgas Creek Watershed and the Cordilleras
Creek Watershed. The creeks within the watersheds
and the city’s SOI that receive stormwater drainage
include Belmont, Pulgas Brittan and Cordilleras Creeks.
These creeks are unlined channels that eventually
empty into the San Francisco Bay. The creeks do not
have sufficient capacity to carry stormwater during high tides. In addition, flooding results from limited capacity for stormwater.
The City of San Carlos maintains all stormwater
facilities within the city. There are approximately 27
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miles of closed conduits in the city that receive
stormwater drainage through 680 inlets. Stormwater
capacity within San Carlos varies based on calculated
need. The City of San Carlos operates approximately
6,500 linear feet of flood control channel with a capacity of over 500 cubic feet. The drainage system dates to the early twentieth century and, as such, does not meet
today’s design standards. Repairs are completed asneeded. Developers or property owners are responsible for adding extensions to the stormwater system when
new development occurs.
San Carlos participates in San Mateo County’s Stormwater Management Plan, which outlines maintenance activities to be undertaken by cities; targets industrial and illicit discharge; describes public information about stormwater; provides guidelines to cities for
construction permits; and establishes monitoring programs to measure the success of the other portions of the plan.
Goals, Policies and Actions
GOAL
EM-5
Assure a high level of domestic water
quality, promote water conservation and
reduce toxics in run-off, including stormwater and the sanitary sewer system.
POLICY EM-5.1 Reduce the discharge of toxic materials
into the city’s sanitary sewer and
stormwater collection system by
promoting the use of Best Management
Practices (BMPs).
POLICY EM-5.2 Promote the use of less toxic household
and commercial cleaning materials.
POLICIES
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POLICY EM-5.3 Promote the conservation and efficient
use of water in new and existing
residences and by commercial and
industrial consumers.
POLICY EM-5.4 Encourage the use of drought-tolerant
plants and efficient watering
techniques for all City landscaping.
POLICY EM-5.5 Recycled water distribution system
(purple pipe) should be used for
landscaping and other non-potable
water uses for residential, commercial
and industrial customers, where
technically and financially feasible.
POLICY EM-5.6 Continue public education programs
on water issues working with water
service providers, local non-profits
and other environmental
organizations, including conservation
measures and BMPs for residents,
businesses, contractors and City
employees.
POLICY EM-5.7 Encourage site designs that manage
the quantity and quality of storm
water run-off.
POLICY EM-5.8 Work with water service providers to
provide high quality domestic water.
POLICY EM-5.9 Sewer service may be extended
outside the city limit only as required
to protect public health due to failing
septic systems in accordance with the
following policies:
• Extension of sewer service would
be denied if there is insufficient
capacity in the wastewater
collection system.
• No change to the land use would
occur.
• The extension of sewer service
could not be used to enable further
subdivision.
• The property owner would be
required to annex as such time as a
complete consolidation of
properties could be annexed.
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• The property owner would be
required to complete all
improvements necessary to meet
City building and engineering
standards.
• Applicant to assure payment of all
sewer connection, plan checking
and inspection fees.
POLICY EM-5.10 Require the evaluation of potential
groundwater depletion that could
occur from new development through
dewatering.
ACTION EM-5.1 Evaluate amending the Zoning Code to
maximize permeable surfaces or other
water catchment methods for new
development as applicable.
ACTION EM-5.2 Utilize bioswales and other bio-filtration systems as applicable to cleanse run-off
before it enters creeks and the San
Francisco Bay.
ACTION EM-5.3 Minimize road surface pollutant runoff
by utilizing appropriate methods such as
regular street sweeping.
ACTION EM-5.4 Implement Climate Action Plan
measures to provide for water-efficient
landscaping.
ACTION EM-5.5 Establish water conservation goals for
City buildings and operations.
ACTION EM-5.6 Evaluate potential incentives for the use of drought-tolerant landscaping and
recycled water for landscape irrigation.
ACTION EM-5.7 Amend the Municipal Code to codify
the Outside Sewer Service policies for
residential uses.
ACTION EM-5.8 Develop a recycled water
implementation plan, which would
identify potential sources and uses of
recycled water, environmental benefits,
capital and operating costs and potential
utility providers.
ACT I ONS
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ACTION EM-5.9 Monitor outside agencies responsible
for cleaning up known toxic sites.
ACTION EM-5.10 Implement the NPDES Stormwater
Permit and for those properties exempt
from the Permit, require a stormwater
pollution prevention plan, including use
of best management practices, to control
erosion and sedimentation during
construction.
Air Quality
Air is a critical component of the natural environment
and the availability of clean, non-polluted air is an
important factor for human health and quality of life for San Carlos residents. The primary factors that determine air quality are the locations of air pollutant sources and the amount of pollutants emitted from those
sources. Meteorological and topographical conditions
are also important factors. Atmospheric conditions,
such as wind speed, wind direction and air temperature
gradients, interact with the physical features of the
landscape to determine the movement and dispersal of
air pollutants.
Regulatory Framework
The federal Clean Air Act (CAA) governs air quality in
the United States. In addition to being subject to federal requirements, air quality in California is also governed by more stringent regulations under the California
CAA. At the federal level, the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)
administers the CAA. The California CAA is
administered by the California Air Resources Board
(CARB) at the State level and by the Air Quality
Management Districts at the regional and local levels.
The Bay Area Air Quality Management District
(BAAQMD) regulates air quality at the regional level,
which includes the nine-county Bay Area.
United States Environmental Protection Agency
The EPA is responsible for enforcing the federal CAA.
The EPA is also responsible for establishing the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The NAAQS
are required under the 1977 federal CAA and
subsequent amendments. The EPA regulates emission
sources that are under the exclusive authority of the
federal government, such as vehicles, aircraft, ships and locomotives. The agency has jurisdiction over emission
sources outside State waters (e.g. beyond the
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outer continental shelf) and establishes various
emission standards, including those for vehicles sold in states other than California. Automobiles sold in
California must meet the strict emission standards
established by the CARB.
California Air Resources Board
In California, the CARB, which is part of the California Environmental Protection Agency, is responsible for
meeting the State requirements of the federal CAA,
administering the California CAA and establishing the
California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS).
The California CAA, as amended in 1992, requires all air districts in the State to endeavor to achieve and maintain the CAAQS. The CAAQS are generally more stringent
than the corresponding federal standards and
incorporate additional standards for sulfates, hydrogen sulfide, vinyl chloride and visibility reducing particles.
The agency is responsible for setting emission standards for vehicles sold in California and for other emission
sources, such as consumer products and certain off-road equipment. The CARB established passenger vehicle
fuel specifications, which became effective in 1996.
Bay Area Air Quality Management District
Regional air quality is regulated by the BAAQMD. The
BAAQMD regulates stationary sources (with respect to
federal, State and local regulations), monitors regional air pollutant levels (including measurement of toxic air contaminants (TACs)), develops air quality control
strategies and conducts public awareness programs.
The BAAQMD has also developed CEQA Guidelines
that establish significance thresholds for evaluating new projects and plans and provide guidance to lead
agencies for evaluating air quality impacts of projects and plans.
The BAAQMD is in the process of preparing the 2009
Bay Area Clean Air Plan which will update the Bay Area
2005 Ozone Strategy in accordance with California CAA
requirements to implement “all feasible measures” to
reduce ozone. The 2009 Plan will also consider the impacts of ozone control measures on particulate matter, air toxics and GHGs. Additionally, the 2009 Bay Area
Clean Air Plan will review progress in improving air
quality in recent years and will establish emission
control measures to be adopted or implemented from
2009 through 2012. The Plan will also address PM10 and
PM2.5, defined below, as well as climate change.
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Criteria Air Pollutants and Effect
The CARB and the EPA currently focus on five “criteria
pollutants” as indicators of air quality and as such air quality studies generally focus on those five pollutants:
CO, O3, NO2, SO2 and suspended particulates (i.e. PM10
and PM2.5).
Carbon Monoxide. CO, a colorless and odorless
gas, interferes with the transfer of oxygen to the
brain. It can cause dizziness and fatigue, and can
impair central nervous system functions. CO is
emitted almost exclusively from the incomplete
combustion of fossil fuels. CO is a non-reactive air
pollutant that dissipates relatively quickly, so
ambient CO concentrations generally follow the
spatial and temporal distributions of vehicular
traffic. The highest CO concentrations measured
in the Bay Area are typically recorded during the
winter.
Ozone. O3, a colorless toxic gas, is the chief component of urban smog. Short-term O3 exposure can reduce lung function in children, make persons susceptible to respiratory infection and produce symptoms that cause people to seek
medical treatment for respiratory distress. Longterm exposure can impair lung defense mechanisms and lead to emphysema and chronic
bronchitis. Al- though O3 is not directly emitted, it
forms in the atmosphere through a chemical
reaction between reactive organic gas (ROG) and
nitrogen oxides (NOx) under sunlight. ROG and
NOx are primarily emitted from automobiles and
industrial sources. Highest O3 concentrations
occur during summer and early autumn, on days
with low wind speeds or stagnant air, warm
temperatures and cloudless skies.
Nitrogen Dioxide. NO2, a reddish-brown gas,
irritates the lungs. It can cause breathing
difficulties at high concentrations. Like O3, NO2 is
not directly emitted, but is formed through a
reaction between nitric oxide (NO) and
atmospheric oxygen. NO and NO2 are collectively
referred to as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and are major
contributors to O3 formation. NO2 also contributes
to the formation of PM10 (see discussion of PM10
below).
Sulfur Oxides. Sulfur oxides, primarily SO2, are a
product of high-sulfur fuel combustion. The main
sources of SO2 are coal and oil used in power
stations, in industries and for domestic heating.
SO2 is an irritant gas that attacks the
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throat and lungs. It can cause acute respiratory
symptoms and diminished ventilator function in
children. SO2 concentrations have been reduced to
levels well below the State and national standards,
but further reductions in emissions are needed to
attain compliance with standards for PM10, of
which SO2 is a contributor.
Suspended Particulate Matter. Particulate matter
pollution consists of very small liquid and solid
particles suspended in the air, which can include
smoke, soot, dust, salts, acids and metals.
Particulate matter also forms when industry and
gaseous pollutant undergo chemical reactions in
the atmosphere. Respirable particulate matter
(PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
represent fractions of particulate matter. PM10
refers to particulate matter less than 10 microns in
diameter and PM2.5 refers to particulate matter
that is 2.5 microns or less in diameter. Major
sources of PM10 include motor vehicles; wood
burning stoves and fireplaces; dust from
construction, landfills and agriculture; wildfires
and brush/ waste burning; industrial sources;
windblown dust from open lands; and
atmospheric chemical and photochemical
reactions. PM2.5 results
primarily from diesel fuel combustion (from
motor vehicles, power generation and industrial
facilities), residential fireplaces and wood stoves.
PM10 and PM2.5 pose a greater health risk than
larger-size particles, because these tiny particles
can penetrate the human respiratory system’s
natural defenses and damage the respiratory tract
increasing the number and severity of asthma
attacks, cause or aggravate bronchitis and other
lung diseases and reduce the body’s ability to fight
infections.
Toxic Air Contaminant Levels
TACs are a broad class of compounds known to cause
morbidity or mortality (usually because they cause
cancer) and include, but are not limited to, the criteria air pollutants listed above. TACs are found in ambient
air, especially in urban areas, and are caused by
industry, agriculture, fuel combustion and commercial
operations (e.g. dry cleaners). Diesel exhaust is the most common source of TACs. TACs are typically found in
low concentrations, even near their source (e.g. benzene near a freeway). Because chronic exposure can result in adverse health effects, TACs are regulated at the
regional, State and federal level.
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Background
This section describes the San Carlos climate and
existing air quality conditions.
Climate
San Carlos is located in the western portion of the San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin. The basin includes the
counties of San Francisco, Santa Clara, San Mateo,
Marin, Napa, Contra Costa and Alameda, along with
the southeast portion of Sonoma County and the
southwest portion of Solano County. San Carlos is
located in the Peninsula climate subregion of the Bay
Area and the climate is characterized by warm dry
summers and cool moist winters.
Temperatures in San Carlos tend to be less extreme
compared to inland locations due to the moderating
effect of the Pacific Ocean and the Bay. In summer, high temperatures are generally in the high 70’s and in the
50's during winter. Low temperatures range from the
50's in summer to the 30's in winter.
Existing Air Quality Conditions
Air quality is affected by the rate of pollutant emissions and by meteorological conditions such as wind speed,
atmospheric stability and mixing height, all of which
affect the atmosphere's ability to mix and disperse
pollutants. Long-term variations in air quality typically result from changes in air pollutant emissions, while
short-term variations result from changes in
atmospheric conditions.
For the most part, San Carlos enjoys good air quality due to the almost persistent northwesterly flow of air.
Episodes of high particulate levels can occur in late fall and winter when high pressure systems produce
extended periods of light winds and low-level
temperature inversions. Although less common, this
pattern in summer can produce fair weather and very
warm temperatures throughout the Bay Area. This
condition frequently produces poor atmospheric mixing
that results in degraded regional air quality. Ozone
standards traditionally are exceeded in downwind
portions of the Bay Area when this condition occurs
during the warmer months of the year.
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In 2007, the BAAQMD operated a network of 27
permanent monitoring stations in the Bay Area. In
addition, CARB operated one station. These stations
monitored air pollutant levels continuously. The closest station is located in Redwood City at 897 Barren
Avenue.
Attainment Status
Areas that do not violate ambient air quality standards are considered to have attained the standard. Violations of ambient air quality standards are based on air
pollutant monitoring data and are judged for each air
pollutant.
For the five criteria pollutants, attainment status is as follows:
Carbon Monoxide. Maintaining CO standards for
over a decade and is classified attainment
maintenance by the EPA.
Ozone. The Bay Area as a whole does not meet
State or federal ambient air quality standards for
ground level O3. This is non-attainment and is
considered serious by the State.
Nitrogen Dioxide. The region is in attainment for
this pollutant.
Sulfur Oxides. The region is in attainment for this
pollutant.
Suspended Particulate Matter. The region does
not meet State standards for particulate matter
(both PM10 and PM2.5) and does not meet federal
standards for PM2.5.
Goals, Policies and Actions
GOAL
EM-6
Support atmospheric conditions that are
clean, healthful, provides maximum visibility
and meets air quality standards.
POLICY EM-6.1 Support and comply with the Bay
Area Air Quality Management
District, State and federal standards and
policies that improve air quality in the
Bay Area.
POLICIES
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POLICY EM-6.2 Support and encourage commercial
uses to adopt environmentally friendly
technologies and reduce the release
of pollutants.
POLICY EM-6.3 Support the reduction of emissions of
particulates from wood burning
appliances, construction activity,
automobiles, trucks and other
sources.
POLICY EM-6.4 Implement Bay Area Air Quality
Management District (BAAQMD)
guide- lines that establish minimum
screening or buffer distances between
emissions sources and sensitive
receptors. Exceptions may be made for
projects that do not meet the distance
requirements but can be determined
compatible with adjacent uses through
a project-specific study that determines
potential health risk. Mitigation
measures shall be required to reduce
these risks to acceptable levels.
POLICY EM-6.5 Consider potential impacts from land
uses that may emit pollution and/or
odors when locating air pollution
sources near sensitive receptors. Air
pollution sources could include
freeways, industrial uses, hazardous
materials storage, waste
disposal/transfer stations and other
similar uses.
POLICY EM-6.6 BAAQMD recommended measures to
reduce PM10 and exhaust emissions
associated with construction shall be
applied to new development in San
Carlos.
ACTION EM-6.1 Require review by appropriate
agencies of development applications
that may create potential air quality
impacts to assure compliance with
relevant regulations.
ACT I ONS
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ACTION EM-6.2 Provide information to the public on
Best Management Practices including
low emission alternatives to wood
burning appliances.
ACTION EM-6.3 For use on City-operated properties,
explore options for landscaping
equipment which will reduce
contribution of air pollution.
Encourage the same options by
residents and businesses.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Background
This section contains background information and
goals, policies and actions related to GHG emissions.
Climate Action Plan
The City is taking a proactive approach in addressing
GHG emission reduction by developing a Climate
Action Plan (CAP) in concert with this General Plan.
Ad- dressing climate change in this manner defines San
Carlos as an innovative member of the local government
community. Key components of the CAP are integrated
into the General Plan. The General Plan goals,
policies and actions reinforce the CAP. The CAP is
intended to be updated on a more regular basis than the General Plan, ensuring that implementation of the City
efforts to assure GHG emissions are in compliance with
current regulation. This approach is especially
important given the constant flux of new research
findings, technological improvements and policy
updates dealing with climate change.
Baseline Greenhouse Gas Emissions
The community GHG emission inventory found that an
estimated 267,237 metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent (CO2e) were released in 2005, the baseline
year. The largest source of emissions was the
transportation sector, with approximately 56 percent of all emissions. The commercial/industrial/municipal
sec- tor produced approximately 20 percent, the
residential sector amounted to approximately 18
percent, and the waste sector released nearly 5 percent of the community’s GHG emissions. City operations
account for approximately 0.6 percent of the GHG
emissions.
Projected Greenhouse Gas Emissions
The Inventory found that if San Carlos continues to
release GHGs at its 2005 rate, the community’s
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emissions will increase to 365,787 metric tons per year by 2030. That would be an increase of nearly 37 percent over a span of 25 years. The increase can be attributed to estimated increases in population, consumption,
households and commercial activity.
Climate Change Strategies and Adaptations
To achieve a 15 percent reduction of the baseline by 2020 and 35 percent reduction by 2035, the CAP pro- vides a
strategic policy focus on five areas: Building
Efficiency/Site Design; Auto Emission Reduction; Low
Carbon Energy Use; Alternative, Non-Automotive
Travel Modes; and a Waste Reduction program. In total,
the Plan includes 23 broad-based goals and 42 reduction measures. Each reduction measure is tied to a target
whereby a specific number of metric tons CO2e would
be reduced per year.
The climate action goals and measures in the CAP are
separated into three chapters for analysis in the CAP:
Energy, Transportation and Land Use and Solid waste.
In the General Plan, these goals and measures for
transportation and land use are also reflected in the
Housing and Land Use Elements. For instance, increased housing density near transit not only reduces emissions through reduced energy consumption
through the sharing of walls, air conditioning/heating
units and infrastructure, but it also reduces residents’ vehicle miles traveled, achieving emission reduction in the transportation sector.
Also included in the CAP and carried forward into the
General Plan are adaptation strategies that may be
necessary as the climate changes and sea levels rise.
Adaptation measures are important in order to allow
the community to proactively prepare for potential
effects. The challenge will be reducing the effects to the lowest level possible and ensure that the community is
prepared. Adaptation strategies are also included in the Community Safety and Services Element of the General
Plan.
Open Space in San Carlos
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Goals, Policies and Actions
GOAL
EM-7
Develop a Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Inventory and develop and implement a
Climate Action Plan to address San Carlos’
contribution to Global Climate Change.
POLICY EM-7.1 Take appropriate action to address
climate change and reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.
POLICY EM-7.2 Monitor and participate in federal,
State and regional policies and
directives relating to climate change,
and make adjustments to City policies
and programs as appropriate.
POLICY EM-7.3 Participate in regional, State and
federal efforts to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions and
mitigate the impacts resulting from
climate change.
POLICY EM-7.4 Utilize the expertise of regional,
State and federal agencies when
developing, revising and
implementing greenhouse gas
reduction strategies.
POLICY EM-7.5 Ensure consistency with the San
Carlos Climate Action Plan through
adjustment of City policies,
programs, and actions as appropriate.
POLICY EM-7.6 Support greenhouse gas (GHG)
emission reduction measures and
climate change resiliency strategies
that are cost effective and help create
an environmentally sustainable,
livable and equitable community. The
cost of implementation to the City and
the private sector shall be considered
prior to the adoption of any GHG
reduction strategy.
POLICIES
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POLICY EM-7.7 Collaborate with stakeholders and
volunteers in the formulation and
implementation of greenhouse gas
reduction strategies.
ACTION EM-7.1 Implement strategies in the Climate
Action Plan to achieve the greenhouse
gas reduction target.
ACTION EM-7.2 Develop criteria for reviewing all
proposed projects within the city to
determine consistency with the
Climate Action Plan (CAP) and review
projects meeting the identified criteria
to ensure consistency with the CAP.
ACTION EM-7.3 Update the Climate Action Plan (CAP)
every five years, including but not
limited to:
a. A revised greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions inventory;
b. An overview of new knowledge on
the causes and anticipated impacts of
climate change;
c. Collaborate with stakeholders and volunteers to
assist in the preparation and implementation of
the effective CAP.
d. An assessment of the appropriate- ness and
adequacy of San Carlos’ GHG reduction target;
e. A summary of the quantified cost per metric ton
of carbon dioxide equivalent reduced per
emission re- duction measure;
f. An evaluation of the effectiveness of existing
programs;
g. Considerations for the use of low-carbon and
sustainable materials to reduce embodied carbon
in construction and to meet GHG reduction
target(s); and
h. Modifications to goals, policies and strategies as
needed to achieve the GHG reduction target.
ACTION EM-7.4 Develop and implement a comprehensive outreach program that works with locally-based
organizations and volunteers to educate the public
about the Climate Action Plan and greenhouse gas
reduction strategies and programs.
ACTIONS
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GOAL
EM-8
Prepare for the potential impacts of
climate change through the adoption of
adaptation and resiliency strategies.
POLICY EM-8.1 Adjust the Climate Action Plan as
necessary to comply with current law
and new threats to the community
that may develop as a result of climate
change.
POLICY EM-8.2 Partner with neighboring communities
and regional agencies to develop and
implement regional adaptation
programs.
ACTION EM-8.1 Update the Climate Action Plan every
five years to re-evaluate projections for
climate change threats and the
appropriateness of adaptation and
resiliency strategies.
ACTION EM-8.2 Incorporate climate change threats into
the City’s Emergency Incident Plan and
Emergency Operations Center training.
ACTION EM-8.3 Cooperate with regional agencies and
partner with neighboring communities
to prepare for and mitigate coastal
inundation as a result of sea level rise.
View of San Francisco Bay from San Carlos hills
POLICIES
ACT I ONS
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GOAL
EM-9
Reduce energy consumed citywide.
POLICY EM-9.1 Provide assistance and support efforts
for increased energy efficiency for
businesses and residences through a
combination of incentives and
regulations.
POLICY EM-9.2 Support on-site generation of energy
through alternative forms of energy
production such as solar panels, wind
turbines and biomass facilities.
POLICY EM-9.3 Emphasize energy conservation in
local government housing assistance
programs.
POLICY EM-9.4 Provide outreach to residents,
businesses and property owners on
incentives, regulations and programs
to increase energy efficiency.
POLICY EM-9.5 Design all new construction and major
remodels of government agency
buildings to relevant green building
standards.
POLICY EM-9.6 Encourage new private construction
and major remodels to be designed
to meet or exceed Green Uniform
Building Code requirements.
POLICY EM-9.7 Implement energy efficiency in City
owned and operated facilities to
reduce municipal energy costs and
serve as a model for the community.
ACTION EM-9.1 Implement measures in the Climate
Action Plan intended to reduce
energy consumption.
POLICIES
ACTIONS
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ACTION EM-9.2 Adopt a Green Building Code as called
for in the Climate Action Plan.
ACTION EM-9.3 Review and amend the Zoning
Ordinance to identify and reduce
barriers to the establishment of on-site
energy generators.
ACTION EM-9.4 Integrate energy cost reduction
measures into City’s facilities where
feasible.
ACTION EM-9.5 Encourage energy efficiency audits and
upgrades of facilities to which the City
provides funding, including the fire
department and sewage service.
ACTION EM-9.6 Periodically investigate funding resources available to assist the City in energy conservation or on-site energy
production at City facilities.
POLICY EM-10.1 Promote consumption of food
grown in the local region.
POLICY EM-10.2 Support the establishment of
community gardens, especially
within established residential
neighborhoods, encouraging
organic, edible plants.
POLICY EM-10.3 Encourage neighborhood grocery
stores, farmers markets and food
assistance programs to increase
their use of locally
grown/prepared goods.
GOAL
EM-10
Promote local food production and
distribution systems
POLICIES
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POLICY EM-10.4 Encourage institutions, such as
schools, hospitals, colleges,
government agencies and businesses
to provide foods produced locally and
in the region. Encourage and support
active school garden programs.
POLICY EM-10.5 Encourage residents to grow produce.
ACTION EM-10.1 Support the establishment of organic,
edible food gardens on commercial,
public and quasi-public properties.
ACTION EM-10.2 Consider utilizing undeveloped City
property for urban agricultural uses
where appropriate.
GOAL
EM-11
Promote and expand public and
alternative modes of transportation.
POLICY EM-11.1 Encourage and support maximum
allowable density Transit Oriented
Development projects within
Planning Areas 1, 2 and 3.
POLICY EM-11.2 Work with transit service providers to
increase the frequency, reliability and
quality of transit service.
POLICY EM-11.3 Support the addition of amenities, such
as bus shelters and directional signage,
to promote increased transit ridership.
ACTIONS
POLICIES
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POLICY EM-11.4 Provide an integrated network of
bicycle and pedestrian thoroughfares
that connects jobs and housing to
other city destinations, as
recommended in the San Carlos Bicycle
and Pedestrian Master Plan.
POLICY EM-11.5 Evaluate and encourage a shuttle
system in San Carlos to connect
residential neighborhoods to
commercial areas, transit and other
destinations in San Carlos.
POLICY EM-11.6 Encourage employers to incentivize
employee use of mass transit and
alternative modes of transportation.
POLICY EM-11.7 Support programs to reduce vehicle
trips associated with transporting
students to and from schools.
POLICY EM-11.8 Promote a car sharing program.
POLICY EM-11.9 Coordinate with major employers,
neighboring municipalities, transit
agencies and providers to enhance
regional transit and shuttle service.
POLICY EM-11.10 Evaluate and encourage new forms of
mass transit.
POLICY.EM-11.11 Amend the Zoning Ordinance to
create a Transportation Demand
Management (TDM) Ordinance that
contains strategies to reduce vehicle
trips.
POLICY EM-11.12 Include in the Transportation Demand
Management Ordinance a
requirement that new office
development over a certain size
include showers and safe and secure
bike racks to encourage employees to
bicycle to work.
ACTION EM-11.1 Implement measures in the Climate
Action Plan to reduce transportation
emissions.
ACTION EM-11.2 Implement traffic calming devices to
increase roadway safety for bicycles
and pedestrians.
ACTIONS
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ACTION EM-11.3 Design streets to accommodate all
modes of transportation, including
emergency vehicles, and provide for
a safe and attractive pedestrian
experience.
ACTION EM-11.4 Coordinate with neighboring
jurisdictions, the County and
regional agencies to expand bicycle
connections to regional destinations.
ACTION EM-11.5 Encourage transit providers to utilize
vehicles with low polluting
technologies and to reduce or eliminate
idling.
Solid Waste
This section provides background information about
solid waste providers in San Carlos and goals, policies and actions related to solid waste.
Background
Waste Haulers
Solid waste and recyclables are collected within the city by a provider contracted through the South Bay Waste
Management Authority (SBWMA). This is a joint
powers agreement with 12 member agencies. San Carlos
solid waste and recyclables are initially taken to the
Shoreway Recycling and Disposal Center (SRDC) which
receives about 150 tons per day (five-day average) of solid waste and 62 tons per day of recyclables from the city.
SBWMA is currently in the selection process for a new
contract to begin on January 1, 2011. The selected
provider will be a recycling and solid waste services
management company that provides residential and
commercial collection, transfer, recycling and
composting. In addition, the provider will be responsible for household hazardous waste disposal. In March 2009,
the City began a food scraps program that works in concert with the yard waste recycling program. It is an innovative program in that it encourages the recycling of household food scraps including paper products
contaminated with food waste that have previously been
omitted from the recycling chain. The Feed the Pail, Feed the Planet food waste program is an integral part of the Waste Management Authority's goal of reducing the
amount of household waste that is sent to the landfill.
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Waste Generation and Diversion Rates
In 1989, California passed the Waste Management Act
which requires municipalities to divert 50 percent of
their waste from landfills. Between 1999 and 2004, San
Carlos was unable to reach the 50 percent diversion
goal. According to the San Mateo Recycle Works program, however, San Carlos improved the diversion rate by 42 percent in 2005 and by 47 percent in 2006. The
City’s enhanced efforts to enforce a construction and
demolition Ordinance are expected to improve the
division rate in 2009 by 60 percent.
Shoreway Recycling and Disposal Center
The SBWMA runs the Shoreway Recycling and Disposal
Center (SRDC), located on the border of San Carlos and
Redwood City. The SRDC is a solid waste transfer
station and material recovery facility with a permitted operating capacity of 3,000 tons per day.
There are plans to reconfigure the transfer station and build a new recycling facility capable of handling a
single stream recycling program for San Carlos and the
11 partner agencies that use this facility. This reconfiguration will increase the level of recycling in San Carlos and help the City meet its 50 percent recycling
goal under AB 939.
Landfills
The majority of the solid waste collected in San Carlos is transported to the Ox Mountain Landfill in Half Moon
Bay. The landfill, owned and operated by Allied Waste,
is expected to reach capacity in 2023. In 2007, a total of 603,160 tons of solid waste was disposed at the Ox
Mountain Landfill, of which 34,670 tons (or 5.74 percent) came from San Carlos.
Recycling
Acceptable residential recyclable material includes
plant materials, mixed paper, plastic (#1-7), aluminum
and bi-metal cans, glass, used motor oil, batteries and cell phones. Commercial recycling includes plastic,
glass, cardboard, mixed office paper, food scraps and
plant materials.
In 2006, the City of San Carlos collected 2,732 tons of recyclable material. San Carlos recently participated in a pilot program to collect household batteries and cell phones. This program is now being expanded to other
cities within the jurisdiction of the South Bayside
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Waste Management Authority (SBWMA), of which San
Carlos is a member.
Composting
In March 2009, San Carlos instituted a food scrap and
yard trimming program. Single-family home residents
are able to compost food scraps and yard trimmings.
Future Expansion of Services
SBWMA is conducting a procurement process to
implement a comprehensive array of new solid waste
and recycling collection services beginning January 1,
2011. The new services will convert the residential
collection services to a cart-based program with weekly collection for solid waste, recyclables and organics
(plant materials and food scraps). Residents will also be able to fully commingle all recyclables (paper, glass,
plastics and metals) in the cart along with recycling a wider variety of materials including used oil, oil filters and household batteries and cell phones.
The SRDC facility will also undergo substantial
renovation and environmental enhancements in
preparation for the rollout of new collection services
to be completed Fall 2010. New features include a new
material recovery facility, expanded transfer stations
and a new environmental education center. These
facility improvements will result in a new material
recovery facility that will handle a 20,000 ton per year increase from residential and commercial customers.
Goals, Policies and Actions
GOAL
EM-12
Reduce solid waste disposal and increase
recycling.
POLICY EM-12.1 Work with the local waste
management authority to increase
community diversion of solid waste
that meets or exceeds the targeted rate
in the Climate Action Plan.
POLICIES
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POLICY EM-12.2 Minimize City government waste by
expanding reduction, recycling and
composting programs and practicing
reuse.
POLICY EM-12.3 Encourage the public and private
sectors to utilize reusable, returnable,
recyclable, environmentally friendly
products and repairable goods
through incentives, educational
displays and activities, as well as City
purchasing policies and practices.
ACTION EM-12.1 Implement measures in the Climate
Action Plan to reduce solid waste and
increase recycling and reuse.
ACTION EM-12.2 Consider incentives to households
and businesses to reduce the
volume of solid waste sent to the
landfill.
ACTION EM-12.3 Require adequate facilitation of
recycling in all new development and
new commercial tenancies.
ACTION EM-12.4 Encourage recycling programs in
existing multi-family buildings.
ACTION.EM-12.5 Encourage building deconstruction
in lieu of demolition. Require a
construction and demolition debris
waste plan to maximize recycling
rates.
ACTION.EM-12.6 Encourage the use of recycled
pavement and/or permeable
products for public and private
parking lots and driveways.
ACTION EM-12.7 Support the commercial food scraps
and organics recycling program.
ACTION EM-12.8 Evaluate options for increasing ease of
properly disposing household
hazardous waste, including but not
limited to electronics, fluorescent
bulbs, thermometers, spent fire
extinguishers and pharmaceuticals.
ACT I ONS
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Community Involvement in
Environmental Management
This section includes background information on
community involvement in environmental
management and goals, policies and actions related to
public awareness and public participation in
environmental issues.
Background Information
The City of San Carlos is committed to working with
residents to address environmental issues. Part of the
public process includes outreach efforts to engage the
public on the issues at hand, and public participation
opportunities including workshops, study sessions and
Planning Commission and City Council meetings. The
City values the expertise its residents possess on the
environmental issues affecting the city. Citizens are
encouraged to participate in committees and other
forums to make sure that local knowledge and expertise
informs environmental policies and programs.
Examples of past opportunities to address
environmental issues in San Carlos include the Natural
Resources Task Force and the Flooding, Land Use and
Creeks Ad Hoc Committee. More recently, San Carlos
Green has
been an active collaborator in the area of promoting the urban forest, recycling and the CAP.
Goal, Policies and Actions
GOAL
EM-13
Increase public awareness of environmental
issues and promote public participation in
environmental policymaking and programs.
POLICY EM-13.1 Encourage the active participation of
residents, businesses, and other
stakeholders in the City’s
environmental programs.
POLICY EM-13.2 Support the efforts of local non-profit
organizations involved in protecting
the natural environment.
POLICIES
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POLICY EM-13.3 Support the expansion of
environmental education programs
and curriculum.
ACTION EM-13.1 Provide information about the City’s
environmental issues, goals and programs to the public on a regular basis.
ACTION EM-13.2 Provide the community with
information on City policies and
practices that support good
conservation and re- source
management.
ACTION EM-13.3 Evaluate the development of an
environmental sustainability
implementation plan.
ACTION EM-13.4 Continue to encourage local
businesses to utilize sustainable
practices.
ACTION EM-13.5 Encourage the development of a
committee or commission to serve as
a permanent citizen’s advisory
committee to aid the City with
developing and implementing
environmental management policies,
researching best practices, researching
available support and funding options
and presenting program and code
proposals to the City.
ACTION EM-13.6 Actively seek outside grants, donations, tax relief, or other sources of funding to
minimize City costs associated with
achieving natural resource goals.
Open space near San Carlos
ACT I ONS
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RESOLUTION NO. 2026 - _______
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SAN CARLOS ADOPTING THE PARKS MASTER PLAN.
___________________________________________________________________________ WHEREAS, in May 2024, the City Council initiated an update to the Parks Master Plan and related updates to the Parks and Recreation and Environmental Management Elements of the General Plan; and
WHEREAS, three rounds of community engagement to inform the Parks Master Plan were conducted in 2024 and 2025 to provide a comprehensive understanding of community priorities to guide the development and direction of the Parks Master Plan; and WHEREAS, the City provided written notification on January 8, 2026 of the Proposed Parks Master Plan to the list of tribes provided by the Native American Heritage Commission; and WHEREAS, City staff participated in consultation with representatives from the Indian Canyon Mutsun Band of Costanoan and the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay and included recommendations in the Parks Master Plan consistent with comments from tribe representatives; and
WHEREAS, an Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration was prepared and circulated for a 30-day public review period from April 15, 2026, to May 18, 2026 to solicit agency and public input on the analysis of the potential environmental effects associated with the implementation of the Parks Master Plan; and
WHEREAS, by Resolution PTC2026-07 adopted on May 18, 2026, the Planning and Transportation Commission recommends that the City Council adopt the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) and approve the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program for the Parks Master Plan pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); and WHEREAS, the Parks, Recreation and Culture Commission at its April 8, 2026 meeting voted unanimously to recommend the City Council adopt the Parks Master Plan; and WHEREAS, the City Council conducted a duly noticed public hearing on June 8, 2026 to consider adoption of the Parks Master Plan.
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the San Carlos City Council hereby adopts the Parks Master Plan (Exhibit A) with the amendments (Exhibit B).
I, City Clerk Crystal Mui, hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution was duly and regularly passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of San Carlos at a scheduled meeting held on the 8th day of June 2026 by the following vote:
AYES, COUNCILMEMBERS: _______________________________________________ NOES, COUNCILMEMBERS: ______________________________________________ ABSENT, COUNCILMEMBERS: ______________________________________________
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_________________________________
CITY CLERK of the City of San Carlos
APPROVED:
__________________________________
MAYOR of the City of San Carlos
Exhibits:
A. Parks Master Plan
B. Amendments
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DRAFT | MARCH 2026
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN I
Preface
In San Carlos, our parks and facilities are more than locations on a map — they are where childhood memories are made, milestones are celebrated, neighbors become friends, and residents connect with nature and one another. They are essential to what makes San Carlos the City of Good Living.
On behalf of the City, I am proud to present the San Carlos Parks Master Plan, a community-driven vision to guide the future of our parks, facilities, programs, and open spaces over the next 20 years.
At its core, this Plan advances the City’s Mission to provide high-quality services and facilities in an equitable, transparent, responsive, and sustainable manner, and supports our Vision of San Carlos as a vibrant, inclusive community admired as a great place to live, learn, work, and play. Parks and Recreation bring that mission and vision to life every day.
Shaped by a robust public engagement process that included more than 3,000 residents and community partners, this Plan reflects the values our community holds dear. Priorities that emerged include accessible and walkable neighborhood parks, inclusive play spaces, improved trail connectivity, reinvestment in aging facilities, and expanded recreation opportunities, including aquatics, flexible indoor space, and alternative sports and park elements.
In a largely built-out city, San Carlos faces limited opportunities for expansion amid evolving demographics and recreation trends. In response, this Plan emphasizes reinvestment, adaptive reuse, modernization, and creative design solutions that maximize existing assets while preparing for future needs. The Parks Master Plan serves as an action-oriented guide for capital investments, funding decisions, partnerships, and program development, helping ensure our parks and recreation system continues to serve the community well into the future.
As Director of the Parks and Recreation Department, I am continually reminded how deeply these spaces matter to our community. This Plan reflects that shared passion, commitment, and responsibility to care for and strengthen them.
I extend my sincere gratitude to the Parks, Recreation, and Culture Commission, City Council, staff, community partners, and the thousands of residents whose participation shaped this Plan. Together, we are investing in high-quality parks and facilities that foster connection, wellness, and belonging, carrying forward the values that define the City of Good Living for generations to come.
With appreciation,
Amy Newby
Parks & Recreation Director
City of San Carlos
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II Acknowledgments
CITY COUNCIL
Pranita Venkatesh, Mayor
Adam Rak, Vice Mayor
John Dugan, Council Member
Neil Layton, Council Member
Sara McDowell, Council Member
PARKS, RECREATION AND
CULTURE COMMISSION
Julie Lubetkin, Chair
Robert Bollier
Elaine Kistenmacher
Alexandra Seeber
Mark Stogner
Alexis McFarlane, Alternate
CITY OF SAN CARLOS EXECUTIVE
TEAM
Amy Newby, Parks and Recreation Director
Tyler Muela, Recreation Manager
Lisa Costa Sanders, Project Manager,
Good City Company
CONSULTANTS
Gates Studio, Landscape Architecture and
Planning
BAE Urban Economics, Financial Services
Matrix Consulting Group, Recreation
Programming and Cost Recovery Services
Siegel & Strain Architects, Architectural
Services
WRA Inc., Open Space and Environmental
Consultants
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN III
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary IV
Chapter 1 Our Community 13
1.1 San Carlos Parks and Recreation
1.2 Planning Foundation
1.3 People and Recreation Trends
1.4 Parks and Recreation System
Chapter 2 Our Future 35
2.1 Community Outreach
2.2 System-wide Needs and Opportunities
Chapter 3 Vision, Goals, and Recommendations 67
3.1 System-wide Goals and Recommendations
3.2 Design Principles and Considerations
3.3 Park Classification
3.4 Park Improvements
3.5 Recreation Facility Improvements
3.6 Future Park and Facility Opportunities
3.7 Recreation and Park Programming
Chapter 4 Implementation 145
4.1 Implementation Plan
4.2 Maintenance Plan
4.3 Funding Strategy
4.4 Parks and Recreation Revenue
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IV Executive Summary
PURPOSE
The San Carlos Parks Master Plan looks ahead 20
years to guide the future of parks and recreation
in the City of San Carlos. The Plan celebrates
what makes San Carlos parks special today
while providing a clear, community-driven
roadmap to enhance, expand, and care for
the places where residents play, gather, and
connect. Informed by a detailed inventory
and analysis of existing parks, facilities, and
programs, as well as extensive community
engagement, the Plan reflects San Carlos’
identity and aspirations while outlining practical
strategies to ensure the park system continues
to thrive for generations to come.
First adopted in 2009, the original Parks Master
Plan guided the growth and development
of the City’s parks and recreation system. In
2024, the City initiated an update to extend
the Plan’s vision through 2045, accounting for
future growth, new development, and evolving
community needs. Aligned with the General
Plan and developed in close collaboration with
City Council and staff, the updated Master Plan
establishes system-wide goals, priorities, and a
phased action plan to strengthen connectivity,
enhance quality of life, and support long-term
stewardship and investment in San Carlos’
parks and recreation system.
The Parks Master Plan was developed through
a focused, strategic approach guided by
clear goals and principles. The planning
effort included an analysis of community
demographics, an inventory of existing parks
and resources, and an assessment of current
and future needs, informed by input from
residents, City staff, and stakeholders.
Building on these findings, the Plan establishes
system-wide goals, recommendations, and
an implementation strategy outlining both
short- and long-term priorities. Organized as a
step-by-step framework grounded in data and
community insight, the Master Plan provides an
actionable roadmap to strengthen the park
system, address emerging needs, and ensure
long-term sustainability as San Carlos continues
to grow and evolve.
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN V
MASTER PLAN GOALS
The goals of the Plan articulate a shared
vision for the future of San Carlos’ parks and
recreation system and provide the foundation
for the recommendations and actions
that follow. Grounded in the City’s mission,
vision, and core values, the goals also reflect
community priorities identified through
outreach and engagement, as described
in Chapter 3. Together, they guide decisionmaking throughout the Plan and ensure alignment with the City’s broader goals.
1 2
Establish a
Citywide Vision
Define a unified vision for
the future of parks and
recreation in San Carlos.
Prioritize Community
Needs
Identify key enhancements
and improvements based
on community input.
3 Promote Park
Access and Equity
Ensure inclusive access
to parks and recreation
opportunities across the city.
4 Set Standards
and Guidelines
Establish clear criteria for the
development, renovation,
and maintenance of parks,
trails, and facilities.
5 Enhance
Maintenance and
Management
Provide a framework for
the efficient upkeep and
operation of the City’s parks
and recreation system.
6 Develop a Strategic
Investment Plan
Outline funding priorities
and sources to address
immediate, ongoing, and
unmet park system needs.
MASTER PLAN GOALS MASTER PLAN GOALS
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VI Executive Summary
Improve and renovate
existing parks, trails,
and playgrounds
Community Pool or
Aquatic Center
Inclusivity, flexible, and multigenerational
recreation spaces and programs
New Community
Center
Enhanced Sports Courts
for tennis, pickleball,
and basketball
COMMUNITY PRIORITIES
Through multiple rounds of community
outreach, the City engaged over 4,000
residents in shaping the future of its parks and
recreation system. Input was collected through
surveys, pop-up events, workshops, and public
meetings. Feedback revealed a community
that is active, socially connected, and deeply
invested in both preserving and enhancing its
public spaces.
Participants shared a clear and consistent
vision for the future of parks and recreation.
They strongly supported enhancing existing
parks, trails, and playgrounds, while expanding
access to new, inclusive, multi-use spaces that
reflect the City’s active, family-oriented lifestyle.
A community pool or aquatic center emerged
as the most desired new amenity, envisioned
as a place for swim lessons, recreation, and
social connection. Other top priorities included
a new community center, improved sports
fields and courts, shaded seating areas, and
indoor recreation and performing arts venues.
Residents also emphasized the need for parks
and programs that support wellness, foster
connection, and welcome users of all ages
and abilities.
In addition to these opportunities, community
feedback highlighted key considerations
for future planning. Concerns included
space constraints, open space preservation,
neighborhood impacts, parking, recreation use
conflicts, and long-term maintenance costs.
Overall, public input reflected a community
committed to maintaining high-quality parks
and recreation experiences while planning
thoughtfully for the future.
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN VII
Outreach at a Glance
4,302 Total
Participants
8 Pop-Up Events
& 2 Community
Meetings
1 online virtual
webinar
3 Online Surveys 4 Subcommittee
Meetings
5 Stakeholder
meetings
5 City Council
Meetings
3 Park, Recreation,
and Culture
Commission Meetings
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VIII Executive Summary
PARKS AND RECREATION
SYSTEM NEEDS
Drawing on community engagement and
analysis of demographics, recreation trends,
the recreation market, community health, and
level of service (LOS), the Plan identifies systemwide and site-specific needs.
Parkland Needs
Parkland needs encompass broader
improvements to enhance the overall
accessibility and functionality of the San Carlos
park network. San Carlos benefits from a welldistributed park system; however, several neighborhoods have limited access to parkland
within a comfortable walking distance.
Future parkland needs focus on improving
connectivity between parks, enhancing access
through safe pedestrian and bicycle routes,
and maximizing the usability of existing parks
through targeted upgrades. As redevelopment
and infill opportunities arise, the City should
prioritize the acquisition of new parkland or
joint-use open space to address service gaps
and meet long-term community needs.
Recreation Facility Needs
San Carlos recreation facilities support a
wide variety of activities, from competitive
sports to community gatherings, and require
continued investment. While the City exceeds
peer communities in certain athletic amenities,
several facilities are aging and require
reinvestment to remain functional, flexible,
and inclusive. Key needs include improving
sports fields, new restrooms, and shade over
seating, and improvements to community and
recreation centers to better accommodate
evolving program demands. Enhancing multiuse functionality and accessibility will allow facilities to serve a broader range of users and
activities.
Recreation Programming Needs
As participation trends evolve and community
needs shift, ongoing engagement and
responsive programming are essential to
ensure the continued relevance and value of
the City’s recreation programs and events.
Community input highlighted strong demand for
programs that support all ages, with particular
interest in youth, teens, and older adults.
Expanding inclusive, low-barrier programming,
increasing opportunities for drop-in and casual
recreation, and strengthening partnerships with
local organizations will help the City adapt to
changing interests. Continued evaluation of
program participation and facility capacity will
ensure offerings remain aligned with community
priorities.
Maintenance and Operations Needs
As the park system continues to evolve,
maintenance and operations needs will
increase alongside new amenities and
facilities. Ongoing priorities include maintaining
existing assets at a high standard, addressing
deferred maintenance, and ensuring staffing
and funding levels are aligned with system
demands. Strategic investment in sustainable
materials, lifecycle planning, and operational
efficiencies will help support long-term system
health while preserving the quality of San Carlos
parks.
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN IX
VISION, GOALS, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
The Parks Master Plan establishes a vision and
four goals to guide the long-term growth
and enhancement of San Carlos’ parks and
recreation system. Together, they focus on
developing, improving, and sustaining a wellmaintained, inclusive system that enhances quality of life and responds to the evolving
needs of the community.
As detailed in Chapter 4, the Plan’s vision,
goals, system-wide recommendations, and
site-specific improvements form a cohesive
framework for guiding investments in parks,
open spaces, facilities, and recreation services
over the next two decades. Supporting design
strategies and principles, park classification
standards, and site-specific improvements
further illustrate how these elements work
together to provide a high-quality park and
recreation system for San Carlos.
To create a vibrant, inclusive, and
sustainable parks and recreation
system that supports community
wellness, celebrates diversity, and
enriches the lives of all San Carlos
residents and visitors.
VISION
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X Executive Summary
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
The Implementation Chapter turns the vision
of the San Carlos Parks Master Plan into
action. It outlines a clear, flexible roadmap for
delivering improvements over time, balancing
community priorities, system needs, and
available resources. Recommended actions
are organized into phased time frames and
supported by planning-level cost estimate
ranges to help guide decision-making and
investment.
The chapter includes a prioritized Action Plan
that highlights the most impactful projects
while allowing flexibility as funding opportunities
arise. Together, the implementation tools are
designed to support annual budgeting, capital
improvement planning, and grant pursuit,
helping ensure the City can thoughtfully and
realistically advance park and recreation
improvements that serve the San Carlos
community into the future.
Action and Maintenance
Lifecycle Plan
Planning for new park and recreation projects
requires careful consideration of long-term
maintenance and operational costs. Chapter
5 provides a comprehensive analysis of capital
and ongoing maintenance expenses, including
cost estimates for priority improvements, longterm care, and potential new amenities.
The chapter includes a prioritized Action Plan
for the site-specific improvements introduced in
Chapter 3, organized by short-term (0–5 years),
mid-term (5–10 years), and long-term (10 or
more years) time frames. In addition, it presents
a menu of capital costs for potential future
additions to the park system, framed within a
maintenance lifecycle approach to support
informed, sustainable investment decisions.
The Plan recommends adding approximately
2.0 full-time equivalent (FTE) positions for park
maintenance and 2.0 FTE positions to support
Parks and Recreation. Together, these four
positions would require an estimated annual
expenditure of approximately $560,000 in
direct labor, salaries, and benefits, in addition
to the City’s indirect costs. Maintenance needs
are expected to increase as new features,
additional restrooms, and unique recreation
amenities such as a pump track or adventure
course, are added.
Capital Improvements
The Parks Master Plan identifies approximately
$90 million in desired capital improvements
across the park and facility system. Of this
total, four park sites identified as prioritized
sites, including Arguello Park, Highlands Park,
Burton Park, and Laureola Park, are estimated
at $47 million in capital improvement costs.
These improvements are organized into
short-, mid-, and long-term phases to support
strategic implementation, funding alignment,
and long-range planning.
Table 1-1: Capital improvement costs overview
PHASE TOTAL IMPROVEMENTS
COST
Short-term $6,950,000
Mid-term $67,400,000
Long-term $15,400,000
TOTAL $89,750,000
Funding Strategy
As part of the Parks Master Plan, a financial plan
was developed to support implementation of
the recommended improvements. Tailored
to San Carlos and its parks and recreation
system, the plan outlines a funding strategy
that leverages local and statewide initiatives to
help secure the resources needed to carry the
Plan forward.
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN XI
PLAN ORGANIZATION
This Master Plan is organized as follows:
Executive Summary
This chapter provides a brief introduction of the City’s parks and recreation system and offers an overview of the Parks Master Plan.
Chapter 1: Our Community
This chapter describes the context within which the Parks Master Plan works including community demographics, recreation trends, and existing conditions.
Chapter 2: Our Future
This chapter summarizes community engagement findings and a comprehensive needs assessment that inform planning for the future of San Carlos’ parks and recreation system.
Chapter 3: Vision, Goals, and Recommendations
This chapter establishes a set of goals and recommendations for the parks and recreation system over the next 20 years.
Chapter 4: Implementation
This chapter presents an action plan to implement the goals and recommendations of the Parks Master Plan and support long-term success.
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1. OU
R COMMUNITY
1.1 San Carlos Parks and Recreation
1.2. Planning Foundation
1.3 People and Recreation Trends
1.4 Parks and Recreation System
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This chapter introduces the Parks
Master Plan, outlining its core principles
and foundational elements that shape
the entire planning process.
Our Community 1
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 15
THROUGH THE YEARS
Situated in San Mateo County, the City of San
Carlos spans 5.5 square miles and is surrounded
by open space, urban development, and the
San Francisco Bay. Home to a population of
more than 30,000 residents as of 2022, San Carlos
offers a robust parks and recreation system that
includes 12 parks, two open spaces, two dog
parks, a youth center, an adult community
center, and three community facilities. The
community takes pride in its well-maintained,
high-quality parks and facilities, as well as its
diverse range of recreation programs.
San Carlos has a long tradition of investing
in parks and recreation, rooted in the belief
that access to open space and community
gathering places enriches everyday life. The
City’s parks system began to take shape in the
mid-20th century, as San Carlos evolved from a
small post-war suburb into a thriving residential
community. During this period, neighborhood
parks were developed to serve a growing
population, providing green space, play areas,
and places for residents to connect.
In the decades that followed, the City
expanded its recreational offerings in response
to changing community needs and interests.
During the 1960s and 1970s, community parks
and sports fields were added to support
youth athletics, community events, and
outdoor recreation. In the 1980s and 1990s
also saw a continued commitment to highquality facilities, including the addition of the Adult Community Center and the Youth
Center, both of which continue to serve as
hubs for programming and engagement.
The adoption of the City’s first Parks Master
Plan in 2009 marked a significant milestone
in the evolution of the park system. The
plan established a coordinated vision for
maintaining and enhancing parks and facilities,
set development priorities, and guided future
investment. Building on this foundation, San
Carlos implemented key upgrades to existing
parks and expanded recreational programming
to better serve the community.
Today, San Carlos’ parks and recreation system
reflects decades of thoughtful planning,
strong community involvement, and a shared
commitment to quality of life. As the City looks
ahead to the next two decades, the updated
Parks Master Plan continues this legacy—
honoring the past while guiding the creation of
a vibrant, connected, and inclusive future for
parks and recreation in San Carlos.
1.1 SAN CARLOS PARKS AND
RECREATION
Adult Community Center development, circa 1982
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DEPARTMENT ROLES
AND PARTNERSHIPS
Parks and Recreation Department
The Parks and Recreation Department oversees
the planning, operation, and support of a wide
range of recreation programs and facilities in
San Carlos. Department responsibilities include
youth, teen, adult, and senior programming;
sports and athletics; special community events;
facility and park use; and management of
facility reservations. The Department also works
in partnership with community organizations
to expand recreational opportunities and
enhance service delivery.
Organizationally, the Department operates
under the leadership of a Parks and Recreation
Director and is supported by a team of full-time
professional staff responsible for administration,
program development, and day-to-day
operations. This core team is supplemented by
part-time, seasonal, and volunteer personnel
who support classes, leagues, events, and
other programmatic and operational needs.
While the Parks and Recreation Department
leads programming and facility use, the City’s
parks, open spaces, and landscaped medians
are maintained through a coordinated
approach involving both in-house staff and
contracted services overseen by the Public
Works Department. Close collaboration
between the two departments supports
the ongoing care, maintenance, and
management of the City’s recreational assets.
Together, the Department’s organizational
structure, staffing resources, and partnerships
position San Carlos to provide responsive, highquality recreation services while adapting to evolving community needs. This Parks Master
Plan builds upon that strong foundation to
guide future investments.
Parks, Recreation, and Culture
Commission (PRCC)
The Parks, Recreation, and Culture Commission
(PRCC) serves as an advisory body to the City
Council on matters related to parks, recreation
facilities, programs, and cultural services
in San Carlos. Composed of appointed
community members, the PRCC provides
policy guidance, reviews projects, and offers
recommendations that reflect community
priorities. Working closely with the Parks and
Recreation Department, the Commission plays
an important role in supporting long-range
planning and stewardship of the City’s parks
and recreation system.
Parks and Recreation Foundation of
San Carlos
The Department partners with the Parks and
Recreation Foundation, an independent,
community-based nonprofit organization
of San Carlos that supports the City’s parks,
facilities, and recreation programs through
private fundraising and public-private
partnerships. Formed by local residents, the
Foundation secures private resources to fund
capital improvements, program scholarships,
special events, and other initiatives that benefit
San Carlos’ parks and recreational assets.
Governed by a volunteer Board of Trustees, the
Foundation leads fundraising efforts, naming
opportunities, and community events that
generate contributions from residents, local
businesses, and other donors. Through close
coordination with the Parks and Recreation
Department, the Foundation helps expand
recreational opportunities, invest in park
enhancements, and sustain programs that
enrich community life in San Carlos.
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 17
PLANNING FOUNDATION
Previously adopted City plans and ongoing
planning efforts help inform the Parks Master
Plan. This section summarizes the key documents
that shape the Plan’s recommendations and
provide a foundation for future decisionmaking.
City of San Carlos 2045 General Plan
Reset (2025)
An update to the San Carlos 2030 General Plan
(originally adopted in 2009), was adopted by
the City Council on May 27, 2025. The General
Plan establishes the City’s long-range goals
and policies to guide future planning and
development. As part of the update, the
planning horizon extended from 2030 to 2045
to account for anticipated growth, including
increased demand for housing, commercial
and office development, retail and restaurant
uses, recreation opportunities, and industrial
uses. The update also considers other longrange planning initiatives, including the Downtown and Northeast Area Specific Plans.
The Parks and Recreation Element of the 2030
General Plan was reviewed to ensure that
the Parks Master Plan aligns with its policies,
requirements, and recommendations.
The following are relative key standards and
actions:
• Policy 1.1. Action PR-1.4: Strive to provide
a minimum of 2.5 acres of traditional
parkland for every 1,000 residents.
• Policy 1.1. Action PR-1.5: Strive to provide
a park facility within ½-mile of every
resident.
• Policy 1.1. Strive to provide 1 mile of
hiking trail per 1,000 residents.
• Policy 1.2 Action PR-2.4: Continue jointuse agreements with the San Carlos School District for additional use of school
facilities and fields.
San Carlos 2023-2031 Housing
Element (2023)
The City’s 2023-2031 Housing Element serves as
the primary housing policy document for the
next eight years and plans for over 3,000 new
housing units across a range of affordability
levels. The plan increases zoning capacity
in areas that already allow residential uses,
primarily multi-family and mixed-use zoning
districts. The amended zoning ordinance went
into effect March 2023.
Climate Mitigation and Adaption
Plan (2021)
The 2021 Climate Mitigation and Adaptation
Plan (CMAP) is San Carlos’ strategic plan to
reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and
adapt to changing climate conditions. The
CMAP allows City decision-makers, staff, and
the community to understand the sources and
magnitude of local greenhouse gas emissions
and the impacts of climate change on the
community, reduce GHG emissions, prioritize
steps to achieve GHG emission-reduction
targets, and increase resilience. 2045 General Plan Reset City Council Presentation, 2024
1.2 PLANNING FOUNDATION
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Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan
(2020)
The Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan
establishes a long-term vision for developing
a comprehensive bicycling and walking
network that provides access to transit,
schools, and downtown areas. The plan also
outlines implementation strategies, including
project prioritization and phasing, to ensure
that improvements are manageable and
fundable.
Hillside Trails Plan (2012)
The San Carlos Hillside Trails Plan proposes
new trail alignments within Eaton and Big
Canyon parks, as well as a new trail within the
private open space of Devonshire Canyon.
Improvements in Eaton and Big Canyon
parks were completed shortly after the plan’s
adoption, and progress in Devonshire Canyon
is ongoing.
San Carlos Civic Facilities Master
Plan (2012)
The Civic Facilities Master Plan includes a 20-year
assessment of 22 City-owned and operated
structures. The plan identifies architectural,
mechanical, plumbing, and electrical systems
in need of maintenance or repair and
provides observations, recommendations,
and cost estimates for building repairs, seismic
evaluations, and voluntary seismic upgrades
where appropriate.
Parks, Open Space, Buildings, and
Other Recreational Facilities Master
Plan 2009-2029 (2008)
The City’s first comprehensive parks and
recreation master planning document was
adopted by the City Council in 2008. The
plan serves as the foundation for the goals
and policies set forth in the 2009 Parks and
Recreation Element. As part of this planning
effort, an audit of the 2009 Parks Master Plan
was conducted.
Trails Connection Plan (2007)
Developed through several years of community
outreach, the San Carlos Trails Committee’s
Trails Connection Plan proposes 14 new
connections to the local trail system and
neighboring regional open space parks and
trails, including Pulgas Ridge and trail networks
within the City of Belmont and San Mateo
County. In 2023, the City Council directed
staff to continue efforts to expand trail access.
Since that time, the City, in partnership with the
Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District,
has completed pedestrian access to Pulgas
Ridge from Los Vientos Way and completed
the design of Trillium trail off Club Drive with
construction completed in 2026.
PREPARED BY:
SAN CARLOS HILLSIDE TRAILS PLAN
FOR THE CITY OF SAN CARLOS
T H E PLA N N IN G CEN T ER | DC&E
with W RA | 2 M A SSO C I A T ES
ADOPTED MARCH 12, 2012
San Carlos Hillside Trails Plan, 2012
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 19
Specific Plans
Downtown Specific Plan (2026)
Following the decision to permanently convert
the 700 block of Laurel Street to a public plaza,
the City developed a vision for the downtown
core that includes Laurel Street, El Camino
Real, and the cross streets from Holly Street
to include Greenwood Avenue. The plan
recommends streetscape design strategies
and improvements to pedestrian and bicycle
infrastructure to enhance public mobility. The
Downtown Specific Plan was adopted on
January 26, 2026.
Northeast Area Specific Plan (in progress)
The Northeast Area Specific Plan will guide
upcoming growth in the northeast area of San
Carlos over the next 20 years. The Northeast
Area is defined as the area between Highway
101 and Old County Road, north of Holly Street
and extending to the San Carlos city limits
at Belmont Creek. This document plans for
new developments that support existing and
future businesses, provide multi-modal transit
connections, and consider opportunities to
integrate up to 1,900 new housing units. The
Plan calls for open space areas, including a
trail along Belmont Creek, and a community
park.
Eastside Innovation District Specific Plan
(2021)
The Eastside Innovation District Specific Plan
addresses anticipated changes in development
patterns and job growth associated with marketdriven biotech and life science industries. The plan identifies opportunities for open space
and promotes the activation of public places
by highlighting locations throughout the district
that are well suited for community use and
enjoyment.
Pulgas Creek Watershed Study and
Management Plan (2025)
The Pulgas Creek Watershed Study and
Management Plan analyzed the watershed
to develop flood management and climate
change resiliency strategies. This plan aims
to support Pulgas Creek as a vital community
amenity with open space trail connections.
Northeast Area Specific Plan planning area
Eastside Innovation District Specific Plan,
landscape and green space areas
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 21
1.3 PEOPLE AND
RECREATION TRENDS
OVERVIEW
The City of San Carlos is located in San Mateo
County and spans 5.5 square miles, bordered by
open space, neighboring urban communities,
and the San Francisco Bay. Incorporated in
1925 and known as “The City of Good Living,”
San Carlos is home to approximately 30,490
residents and offers a high quality of life for
both residents and visitors.
As the community continues to evolve,
understanding demographic trends is essential
to planning for the future needs of the parks
and recreation system. This section examines
changes in San Carlos’ demographic profile
over the past decade, with a focus on key
characteristics such as population growth,
age distribution, race and ethnicity, languages
spoken, household and family structure, and
disability status.
Drawing on data from the U.S. Census Bureau
and the 2023–2031 San Carlos Housing
Element Update (2024), this analysis provides
a foundation for identifying long-term trends
and informing decisions about future parks,
facilities, and recreation programs over the
next 20 years.
Figure 2-1: Population growth1
1 Population estimates and forecasts were sourced from the Association of Bay Area Governments’ Plan Bay Area 2040 and the San Carlos 2023-2031 Housing Element (2023) for the 2045 data.
ESTIMATED
SAN CARLOS
POPULATION IN
2045: 46,450
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TOTAL POPULATION
SAN CARLOS
By the Numbers
TOTAL
HOUSEHOLDS
AVERAGE FAMILY SIZE
Age Distribution
Largest Racial
Populations
IDENTIFY AS WHITE
Speak Another Language
other than English at Home
Residents with
a Disability
DEMOGRAPHICS As of 2022
IDENTIFY AS ASIAN
18-64
60%
Under
18 23% 65+
17%
MEDIAN AGE
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 23
A GROWING CITY
San Carlos has a population of approximately
30,490 residents (U.S. Census, 2022), representing
growth of more than seven percent over the
past decade. Looking ahead, the General
Plan 2045 buildout projection estimates a
population of 46,450 residents, based on the
planned addition of approximately 8,060 new
housing units.
Most new housing is anticipated to be multi
family development located in the Northeast
Area along El Camino Real and near
Downtown. As the population grows, increased
demand on parks and recreational facilities is
expected, underscoring the need to plan for
higher levels of use, expanded programming,
and ongoing maintenance.
A DIVERSE CITY
Age
San Carlos’ median age has remained steady
at 41 over the past decade, reflecting a
relatively balanced age profile. Adults aged
65 and older represent the fastest-growing
segment of the population, a trend consistent
with regional and national patterns. At the same
time, continued interest from young families
suggests the community may gradually skew
younger in the coming decades. Together,
these trends point to the need for a broad
range of recreation programs and adaptable
spaces that can serve residents across all age
groups.
Race and Ethnicity
San Carlos has become increasingly diverse
over the past decade. Between 2012 and
2022, the proportion of residents identifying
as White and Black or African American
declined, while all other racial and ethnic
groups—including Asian and Hispanic or Latino
residents—increased. This shift underscores
the importance of fostering an inclusive
community identity, supported by culturally
responsive programming, targeted outreach,
and events that reflect and celebrate the
City’s evolving demographics.
Languages
English remains the primary language spoken
in most San Carlos households; however, the
use of Asian and Pacific Island languages
increased by approximately 85 percent over
the past decade. This trend signals growing
linguistic and cultural diversity within the
community. In response, the City will need
to continue expanding multilingual services,
inclusive communication strategies, and
culturally responsive programs to better serve
all residents.
Households and Families
Since 2012, the number of households in
San Carlos has grown modestly, while the
number of families has increased at a faster
rate. Median household income has also risen
significantly—by approximately 150 percent
over the past decade when adjusted for
inflation. As new high-density and affordable
housing developments are introduced, the
family population is expected to continue
growing, increasing demand for familyoriented amenities such as parks, playgrounds, and programs that support children and
caregivers.
Disability Characteristics
As of 2022, nearly eight percent of San Carlos
residents live with a disability, a share that
has remained relatively stable over the past
decade. Ensuring that parks and recreation
facilities are welcoming and usable for all
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24 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
residents will require continued investment
in accessible infrastructure, universal design
principles, and inclusive programming that
accommodates a wide range of abilities.
RECREATION TRENDS
Understanding recreation trends is essential
for helping communities respond to changing
needs and expectations. By aligning park and
recreation offerings with current interests, the
City can enhance community engagement,
promote equity, and ensure its facilities and
programs remain relevant and responsive.
Insights from the National Recreation and Park
Association (NRPA) highlight several key trends
shaping the future of parks and recreation,
both nationally and locally.
Public Health
There is growing recognition of the role parks
and recreation play in supporting mental
health and overall well-being. Programs that
emphasize the therapeutic value of nature,
outdoor activity, and social connection
are increasingly common. In particular,
departments are investing in strategies to
connect people, especially youth, with
nature, offering opportunities to engage in
outdoor experiences that foster physical and
emotional health. Walking paths and active
transportation infrastructure have also become
a priority, encouraging walking and biking as
accessible, everyday forms of exercise.
Inclusivity
Modern park systems are embracing a
multigenerational, multicultural, and multiability approach to recreation planning. This trend emphasizes the creation of inclusive
spaces and programs that are accessible
to all, regardless of age, background, or
ability. Affordability is also a growing focus, as
departments strive to remove financial barriers
and provide equitable access to recreational
opportunities, access parks, facilities, and
programs.
Sports
Nationally, participation in traditional team
sports such as softball, baseball, and football is
declining. However, in San Carlos, these sports
remain popular. At the same time, emerging
sports such as cricket are experiencing
significant growth, particularly in the Bay Area,
where demand for cricket fields continues
to rise. Pickleball remains one of the fastestgrowing sports nationwide, while basketball continues to lead in popularity due to its
low equipment needs and accessibility for
informal play. Aquatic activities are also on
the rise, with increased demand for swimming
opportunities and water-based programming.
Outdoor Recreation
Outdoor recreation has surged in popularity
since the COVID-19 pandemic, with activities
such as day hiking, bicycling, and BMX sports
seeing notable growth. Fitness walking, in
particular, stands out as the most popular
activity both nationally and locally, with San
Carlos residents and visitors frequently utilizing
the City’s trails and walking paths.
Climate Mitigation
Sustainability is playing a larger role in park
planning and operations. Many agencies are
transitioning to electric-powered maintenance
tools and vehicles to reduce emissions and
noise pollution. In response to climate change,
park landscapes are incorporating droughttolerant plantings and implementing urban heat island mitigation strategies to enhance
environmental resilience.
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Figure 2-3: Recreation trends in San Carlos
PICKLEBALL AND BASKETBALL
SPORTS
SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE
MITIGATION
EXERCISING OUTDOORS AND
HIKING
MULTICULTURAL AND
MULTIGENERATIONAL RECREATION
OPPORTUNITIES AND EVENTS
TOP RECREATION TRENDS IN
SAN CARLOS
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 27
RECREATION ASSETS
The San Carlos parks and recreation system is a
key element of the City’s public infrastructure.
As of 2025, the system includes 17 public
parks totaling approximately 186.4 acres, five
recreation facilities, more than seven miles of
City-managed trails, and a range of recreation
programs and privately owned public spaces
(POPS). The City also partners with the San
Carlos School District (SCSD) to maintain
athletic fields at three school sites that support
local sports leagues. In total, the City provides
approximately 6.11 acres of parkland per 1,000
residents when including open space parks.
The park system is organized into five park
types: community parks, neighborhood parks,
mini parks, open space areas, and special
use parks (Table 2-1). These classifications
reflect differences in park size, intensity of use,
amenities, and intended function, as described
further in Chapter 3. Collectively, these parks
offer a range of amenities, including sports
facilities, playgrounds, picnic areas, walking
paths, and hiking trails.
Five recreation facilities vary in size and
function and support indoor programs and
services for youth, adults, and seniors. In
addition, the City’s trail network includes both
ADA-accessible paths and natural-surface
hiking trails, accommodating a variety of
recreational activities and user needs.
The parks and recreation system is jointly
managed by the San Carlos Parks and
Recreation Department and the Public Works
Department, supporting the safe, accessible,
and ongoing maintenance of parks, facilities,
and trails for the community.
Table 2-1: City managed assets
PARK CLASS ACRES
Arguello Park C 21.0
Big Canyon Park OS 55.0
Burton Park C 10.3
Cedar Street Park M 0.7
Chilton Park N 1.6
City Hall Dog Park SU 1.3
Crestview Park N 7.0
Eaton Park OS 65.0
Frank D. Harrington Park M 0.3
Heather Dog Exercise Area SU 1.5
Highlands Park C 11.3
Hillcrest Circle Park M 0.2
Laureola Park N 2.6
North Crestview Park N 4.2
Rosek Park M 0.2
San Carlos Avenue
Neighborhood Park M 0.3
Vista Park N 3.8
TOTAL 186.4
RECREATION FACILITY CLASS SQFT
Adult Community Center F 16,713
Kiwanis Building F 7,300
Laureola Park Building F 3,300
Library Community Room F 2,008
Youth Center F 14,485
TOTAL 43,806
PARK WITH TRAILS CLASS MILES
Arguello Park T 1.72
Big Canyon Park T 2.61
Eaton Park T 3.25
TOTAL 7.58
1.4 PARKS AND
RECREATION SYSTEM
C = Community Park | N = Neighborhood Park | M = Mini Park OS = Open Space Area | SU = Special Use | F = Facility | T = trail
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Figure 2-5: System-wide map
4 6
5 7
8 14
15 1
3 B
A
D
C
E
13 11
12 10
9 16
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City Hall Dog Park
Arguello Park
COMMUNITY PARKS
NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS
MINI PARKS
OPEN SPACE AREAS
SPECIAL USE
RECREATION FACILITIES
Chilton Park
Cedar Street Park
Adult Community Center
Heather Dog Exercise Area
Burton Park
Crestview Park
Frank D. Harrington Park
Kiwanis Building
North Crestview
Rosek Park
Library Community Room
Big Canyon Park
Highlands Park
Laureola Park
Hillcrest Circle Park
Laureola Park Building
Vista Park
San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park
Youth Center
Eaton Park
16 1
4 9
A
17 2
5 10
B
7 12
D
14 3
6 11
C
8 13
E
15 2
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30 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
OPEN SPACES AND
TRAILS
Public open space is a defining feature of the
San Carlos landscape, providing ecological
benefits, supporting biodiversity, reinforcing
community identity, and offering opportunities
for passive recreation. These areas allow
residents and visitors to enjoy the outdoors,
connect with nature, and experience the
City’s varied topography.
City-Owned Open Space
The City manages two primary City-owned
open space parks: Big Canyon Park and Eaton
Park. Big Canyon Park spans approximately
55 acres and includes 2.6 miles of trails, while
Eaton Park is about 65 acres and contains 3.57
miles of formal and informal trails. Portions of
Arguello Park are also considered open space
due to their natural character and hillside trail
network, providing an additional 1.72 miles of
trails. Trail improvements within Big Canyon
Park and Eaton Park have been implemented
periodically through the efforts of a dedicated
trail volunteer, working in coordination with
the City and in alignment with the 2017 Hillside
Trails Plan.
In addition to these City-owned open space
areas, several hillside parks—such as Highlands
Park and the Heather Dog Exercise Area—
provide public access to more informal trail
systems that further expand recreational
opportunities.
Privately-Owned, Publicly-Accessible
Trails
Some future trail systems, such as those in
Devonshire Canyon, are located on private
land with public easements. These trails are
currently under design and will be publicly
accessible once construction is complete.
Regional Open Space
West of San Carlos lies the Pulgas Ridge Open
Space Preserve, managed by Midpeninsula
Regional Open Space District. This 366-acre
preserve offers six miles of hiking trails, scenic
vistas, access to Pulgas Creek, and designated
off-leash dog areas, making it a popular
destination for local residents seeking nearby
nature experiences.
Senate Bill (SB) 1425
In 2022, the State of California passed Senate
Bill (SB) 1425, requiring all jurisdictions to update
their local open space plans by January 1, 2026.
These updates must address three key areas:
equitable access to open space, climate
resilience, and opportunities for rewilding. San
Carlos will meet these requirements through
the development of its updated Parks Master
Plan and General Plan amendment.
Big Canyon Park
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 31 Eaton Park
Big Canyon
Park
Vista
Park
Pulgas Ridge
Open Space
Preserve
Devonshire Canyon
FIGURE 2-1
PROPOSED ALIGNMENTS
CITY OF SAN CARLOS
SAN CARLOS HILLSIDE TRAILS PLAN
0 560 1,120 Feet
Existing TrailProposed TrailsFuture TrailsCity BoundaryCity ParkPublic Open SpacePrivate Open Space Figure 2-6: Open space trail map (Hillside Trails Plan, 2012)
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32 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
RECREATION
PROGRAMMING
Recreation programming is a central
component of San Carlos’ parks and
recreation system, promoting community
wellness, social connection, and lifelong
learning. Between 2022 and 2024, the City
offered an average of just over 1,000 diverse
programs annually. Programs serve residents of
all ages—tots, youth, teens, adults, seniors, and
families—with the highest participation among
seniors and youth, reflecting community
demographics and demand.
A review of current programs highlights several
key focus areas.
Adults
Adult programs, apart from the adult sports
leagues, are primarily delivered by contract
instructors. While these programs and leagues
meet current demand, there is potential to
expand participation through new amenities
such as additional sport courts, fitness
equipment/stations, and a future aquatics
facility.
Seniors
Senior programming includes day trips, health
and wellness classes, safety trainings, and
fitness activities. Demand for senior-focused
programs is expected to rise as the older
adult population grows. Intergenerational
activities—such as arts and crafts, games, and
mentorship programs—offer opportunities to
connect seniors with youth and adults.
Youth
Youth programs make up the largest share of
recreation activities, primarily serving children
between the ages of 5-12 years old. This
emphasis aligns with national trends; the Sports
and Fitness Industry Association (SFIA) reported
increased participation across all major youth
sports and fitness categories in 2024. Locally,
demand remains strong for team sports,
enrichment classes, and seasonal camps.
Families
Family-oriented programs provide a variety
of opportunities for all ages to participate
together through activities like cultural events,
dog obedience training, cooking classes,
open gym time, and annual community events
including Hometown Days, Goblin Walk, Night
of Holiday Lights, and the Family Campout.
Programming for families continues to present
opportunities for expansion.
Community Events
Beyond classes and activities, the Parks and
Recreation Department hosts communitywide events that strengthen social connections and civic pride. These include movies and
concerts in the park, a year-round weekly
farmers’ market, holiday celebrations, cultural
events, a family campout, the Art and Wine
Faire and the cherished Hometown Days.
National Recreation and Park Association
(NRPA) trends for 2024—such as family
engagement nights, game times, and library
partnerships—underscore the value of events
that bring residents together, promote
wellness, and foster community partnerships,
aligning closely with San Carlos’ priorities.
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Hometown Days, 2025
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End of Chapter 1: Introduction.
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2. OU
R FUTU
R
E
3.1 Community Outreach
3.2 System-wide Needs and Opportunities
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This chapter highlights the needs
and opportunities identified
by the San Carlos community
and summarizes the existing
conditions of San Carlos today
to best plan for its future.
Our Future 2
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 37
Community outreach for the San Carlos Parks
Master Plan was designed to actively engage
residents, park users, community organizations,
and other stakeholders through an inclusive and
transparent process. Participants representing
a wide range of ages and backgrounds
provided valuable input that helped shape the
Plan’s development.
Public engagement occurred over multiple
phases and reached more than 4,000 community
members through surveys, meetings, pop-up
events, and other activities. Input reflected San
Carlos’ identity as an active, outdoor-oriented,
and socially connected community, with a
shared vision for parks that support health,
wellness, and community connection.
Overall, community feedback painted a
clear picture: residents value their parks and
recreation system and want to see it evolve to
better serve a diverse and growing population.
Top priorities included a new aquatic facility,
additional shade and dog-friendly spaces,
playground upgrades, trail enhancements,
expanded sports and recreation infrastructure,
and a flexible community center focused on
social gathering, fitness, and the arts. Public
2.1 COMMUNITY OUTREACH
ONLINE
SURVEY
Community Outreach
By the Numbers
3,450
698
120
34 4,302
TOTAL PARTICIPANTS
POP-UP EVENTS
COMMUNITY
MEETINGS
(VIRTUAL & IN-PERSON)
STAKEHOLDER FOCUS
GROUPS
Figure 3-1: Outreach participation
Outreach pop-up event at Farmers Market
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38 CHAPTER 3: OUR FUTURE
input also emphasized multi-generational use,
access to amenities, and preserving the natural
character of parks and open spaces to ensure
San Carlos remains a healthy, connected, and
active community for decades to come.
Looking ahead, outreach participants
consistently prioritized improvements to existing
amenities while also expressing strong support
for new facilities. While some participants
raised concerns related to space limitations,
neighborhood impacts, parking, and long-term
costs, these considerations did not outweigh
broad community support for additions such
as a pool, community center, and new sports
fields and courts. These amenities were widely
viewed as essential to meeting current and
future recreational needs.
For detailed community engagement data,
please refer to Appendix C.
OUTREACH PROCESS
Community engagement was a central
component of the Parks Master Plan,
supporting transparency and ensuring that
recommendations reflect community priorities.
Engagement occurred over multiple rounds,
each designed to build on the previous phase
and progressively refine the Plan’s direction.
Round 1 focused on gathering broad input
about existing amenities, features, and
programs, as well as community aspirations
for the future of parks and recreation in San
Carlos. Building on those findings, Round 2
explored community priorities in greater depth
and helped inform key planning decisions. A
subsequent round examined concept and
site options for a potential community center
and aquatic facility. The outreach process
concluded with opportunities for public review
of draft and final versions of the Parks Master
Plan.
Project Awareness & Promotion
A variety of digital and print materials were
used throughout the planning process to raise
awareness and encourage participation. A
distinctive project logo and tagline helped
establish a consistent identity across all
communications. A dedicated project website
provided information about the Plan and
upcoming engagement opportunities, while
social media posts, email announcements,
postcards, flyers, and banners and A-frames in
the parks kept the community informed at key
milestones.
TELL US YOUR TELL US YOUR
PRIORITIES! PRIORITIES!
Online Survey #2
Pop-Up Event
Community Workshop
https://sancarlosparksmp.com https://sancarlosparksmp.com The San Carlos Parks Master Plan will guide
the planning and implementation of parks,
open space, and recreational facilities for
the next 20 years.
Round Two Outreach
Outreach promotion collateral
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 39
Outreach at a Glance
4,302 Total
Participants
8 Pop-Up Events
& 2 Community
Meetings
1 online virtual
webinar
3 Online Surveys 4 Subcommittee
Meetings
5 City Council
Meetings
5 Stakeholder
meetings
3 Park, Recreation, and
Culture Commission
Meetings
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40 CHAPTER 3: OUR FUTURE
Outreach Activities
Community members engaged with the
project team through a range of accessible
outreach activities designed to collect input
and encourage dialogue. Participation during
both virtual and in-person events reflected
strong interest in revitalizing the parks system,
with residents actively sharing ideas to shape its
future. Outreach activities are listed in Table 3-1
and included:
• Three (3) surveys
• Eight (8) pop-up events
• Five (5) stakeholder meetings
• One (1) webinar
• Two (2) community meetings
• Eight (8) public meetings
Plan Review
Draft Plan
In March of 2026, the draft San Carlos Parks
Master Plan was posted for public review on
the project website. Community members had
an opportunity to review the draft plan and
provide comments via an online submission
form. The draft plan was also presented at Parks,
Recreation, and Culture Commission (PRCC),
Planning and Transportation Commission (PTC),
and City Council meetings.
Final Plan
On [Month] [Day] 2026, City Council adopted
the final Parks Master Plan.
PARTICIPANT PROFILE
Across all outreach rounds, participation
reflected a broad cross-section of the San
Carlos community, including youth, adults, and
seniors from all areas of the City.
Adults in mid-life stages were especially well
represented, often sharing perspectives
informed by both personal recreational
interests and family needs. Families were active
contributors to surveys and in-person events,
with younger children frequently participating
during family-friendly pop-ups. Hosting
outreach activities at familiar community
locations, such as the Farmer’s Market, Youth
Center, Adult Community Center (ACC), and
local middle schools, helped create welcoming
and inclusive settings for gathering input from
residents of all ages and backgrounds.
Participants consistently described San
Carlos as an active, outdoor-oriented, and
socially connected community with a strong
appreciation for its parks, open spaces, and
recreation programs. Common reasons for
visiting parks included exercise, enjoying
nature, informal play and sports, and socializing
with family and friends. Participants also
expressed high satisfaction with the quality and
maintenance of existing facilities, with Burton,
Highlands, Crestview, and Eaton Parks, as well
as the Youth Center and Adult Community
Center receiving the highest ratings.
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 41
TYPE FORMAT DATE DETAILS/LOCATION PARTICIPANTS
Round 1
Meeting Virtual August 2024 Stakeholder meetings (5) 34 Survey Online/Print Aug. 9 - Sep. 9, 2024 Community survey via website and paper copies 811
Pop-Up Event In person August 9, 2024 Family Campout at Burton Park 86
Webinar Virtual August 22, 2024 Community meeting
via Zoom 12
Pop-Up Event In person August 25, 2024 Farmers Market 124 Pop-Up Event In person September 7, 2024 Highlands Park 60 Round 2
Public Meeting In Person February 5, 2025 Parks, Recreation & Culture Commission meeting N/A
Public Meeting In Person February 24, 2025 City Council meeting N/A Survey Online/Print March 21 -
April 25, 2025
Priorities survey via
website and paper copies 1,196
Pop-Up Event In person March 31, 2025 Farmers Market 94 Pop-Up Event In person April 14, 2025 Adult Community Center (ACC) 37
Pop-Up Event In person April 16, 2025 Youth Center 57
Pop-Up Event In person April 19, 2025 Volunteer Day 17
Meeting In person April 23, 2025 Community meeting
at the Library 3
Pop-Up Event In person May 8, 2025 Terra Linda and
Central Middle Schools ~200
Public Meeting In person June 23, 2025 City Council meeting N/A Facility
Survey Online September 17-24, 2025 Facility survey via website 1,443 Meeting In person September 17, 2025 Community meeting at Adult Community Center 105
Public Meeting In Person October 8, 2025 Parks, Recreation & Culture Commission meeting N/A
Public Meeting In Person October 27, 2025 City Council meeting N/A Plan Review
Public Review
Period Virtual March 2026 Project website N/A
Public Meeting In person April 8, 2026 Parks, Recreation & Culture Commission N/A
Public Meeting In person May 4, 2026 Planning and
Transportation Commission N/A
Public Meeting In person May 26, 2026 City Council meeting N/A Table 3-1: Outreach process summary
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42 CHAPTER 3: OUR FUTURE
NEEDS & PRIORITIES
Community outreach identified a clear set of
priorities for the future of parks and recreation in
San Carlos. Across multiple engagement rounds,
participants consistently emphasized the need
to enhance existing amenities while investing in
new facilities that support recreation, comfort,
and multi-generational use.
Community Pool / Aquatic Center
A community pool or aquatic center emerged
as the top overall priority across all rounds of
outreach. In Round 1, 59 percent of survey
respondents identified a pool as the most
important enhancement for San Carlos parks.
This strong support continued in Round 2, with
58 percent of respondents ranking an aquatic
facility as the top long-term amenity. A pool was
also the most frequently cited topic in survey
write-in responses (over 20 percent) and during
in-person discussions.
Community members emphasized the
importance of a facility that serves all ages and
abilities, with desired amenities including lap
lanes, splash pads, seating areas, and natural
shade. The most frequently requested aquatics
programs included family and recreational
swim, swim lessons, and lap swim.
Round 2 outreach: Long-term amenity priorities
Round 2 outreach: Improvements to existing sites
Shaded pool area
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 43
Shade
Adding shade was one of the most widely
supported improvements to enhance comfort
and usability across the park system. In Round
1, shade was the most requested systemwide amenity, with 48 percent of participants identifying it as a top priority. This preference
carried into Round 2, where shade trees and
shade structures both ranked among the five
most-supported improvements to existing
parks. Outreach participants consistently
highlighted the need for shaded areas near
seating, playgrounds, and gathering spaces
to improve park use throughout the day and
across seasons.
Sports Facilities
Sports facilities, particularly courts and fields,
were another high-priority need. In Round
1, participants expressed strong support for
additional and better-maintained fields and
courts, with particular interest in pickleball,
basketball, and volleyball. Sports courts also
ranked among the amenities most in need of
improvement.
In Round 2, resurfacing or adding sports courts
was the second most supported improvement
to existing facilities (26 percent), and courts
ranked as the top short-term amenity to
prioritize (41 percent). Participants also
expressed interest in expanding recreational
options through new facilities such as pump
tracks, and outdoor climbing walls, as well as
indoor amenities including rock climbing and
pickleball.
Dog-friendly Spaces
Improving dog-friendly spaces was another
frequently cited priority. In Round 1, dog parks
received the lowest satisfaction ratings of all
park types, and 20 percent of participants
identified them as a focus for improvement.
Feedback in Round 2 reinforced this need,
with participants calling for expanded off-leash
areas, improved infrastructure, and clearer
enforcement of leash regulations. Additional
suggestions included integrating dog amenities
along trails and within open space areas in
ways that balance the needs of dog owners
and other park users.
Community Recreation Center
Community input also showed strong interest in
a new community recreation center that could
function as a flexible, multi-generational hub. In
Round 2, 30 percent of respondents supported
prioritizing a community center, and 43 percent
selected gymnasium courts as their preferred
facility amenity.
During the facility-focused outreach round,
participants expressed strong support for
locating indoor recreation spaces at existing
sites such as Burton Park or Laureola Park.
Desired programming included teen activities,
fitness classes, arts and performance spaces,
and indoor sports.
Round 2 outreach: Short-term amenity priorities
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KEY THEMES AND
TRENDS
Nature
Nature is highly valued by the San Carlos
community, with more than half of outreach
participants reporting that they visit parks
primarily to enjoy natural features such as trails,
trees, and vegetation. Feedback consistently
emphasized the importance of preserving and
expanding these elements, including adding
trees and enhancing trails and open spaces.
Interest in nature-based programming, such
as outdoor classes and learning opportunities,
was also strong. These priorities remained
consistent across outreach rounds, with
outdoor fitness trails, walking paths, and naturefocused experiences frequently cited in writein responses. In short-term amenity prioritization, trail improvements were supported by 40
percent of participants
Comfort and Safety
Improving comfort and safety across parks and
facilities was a recurring theme throughout
community outreach. Participants identified
basic amenities, such as restrooms, seating,
drinking fountains, and shade, as essential
to supporting longer and more frequent
park use. Shade, in particular, ranked as
the most requested system-wide amenity in
early outreach and remained a top-rated
improvement in later rounds. Residents
also highlighted the importance of safety
enhancements, including improved lighting,
crosswalks, traffic calming measures, and
enforcement of leash laws, to ensure parks are
accessible and welcoming for all users.
Community Gathering
The desire for spaces and programs that support
social connection was strongly expressed
across all outreach efforts. Community
events, including concerts, festivals, and
seasonal gatherings, ranked among the most
valued recreation features, with 45 percent
of participants identifying them as favorites
in early outreach and continued support
expressed in later rounds. Participants also
supported enhancements to picnic areas,
rentable meeting spaces, and café-style
lounges that encourage informal interaction.
Many comments emphasized the importance
Makers space
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 45
of inclusive gathering spaces and events that
welcome residents across ages, cultures, and
life stages.
Active Recreation and Fitness
Active recreation amenities—both indoor
and outdoor—were consistently identified as
essential to supporting health, wellness, and
community life. Participants expressed strong
interest in trails, playgrounds, and adventureoriented features such as pump tracks and disc golf, as well as alternative sports including indoor
and outdoor climbing. Support was also high
for fitness-oriented amenities such as weight
and cardio rooms, dance and fitness studios,
outdoor fitness equipment, and group classes.
Across age groups, residents emphasized the
importance of walkable recreation options
and diverse ways to stay active.
Creative Arts and Culture
Community feedback highlighted a growing
interest in spaces that support arts, creativity,
and cultural expression. A performance theater
emerged as a high-priority feature for a future
community center, ranking second among
desired spaces in Round 2 (35 percent),
with strong support from a performing arts
organization and families. Maker spaces and
art studios were also frequently requested (28
percent). Participants envisioned a cultural hub
that could host local performances, support
youth and adult arts programming, and foster
collaboration among community groups.
Flexible and Multigenerational
Residents consistently expressed a desire
for recreation opportunities that serve a
broad range of ages and interests. Outreach
participants highlighted gaps in programming
and spaces for teens, including game rooms,
social areas, fitness options, and structured
Art class
Art class
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46 CHAPTER 3: OUR FUTURE
activities. At the same time, there was strong
interest in amenities and classes accessible
to older adults, including aquatics programs
such as water aerobics. Across age groups,
participants emphasized the value of flexible,
adaptable spaces, such as community lounges
and multi-generational fitness areas, that
encourage interaction and can accommodate
different users throughout the day.
Community Center and
Aquatic Facility
Early rounds of outreach showed strong interest
in new indoor and aquatic amenities, including
a pool, splash pad, gymnasium, fitness space,
and community gathering areas. Building on this
input, the project team invited the community
to weigh in on how and where these facilities
could best fit within available City-owned land.
Two sites, Burton Park and Laureola Park, were
identified as viable locations for a combined
community center and aquatic facility. Each
site presented distinct opportunities and
constraints. To help the community envision
the possibilities and assess trade-offs, three
conceptual site options were developed
and shared through the project website, a
community meeting, and an online survey:
• Burton Park Option 1: A 30,000-square-foot
community center and 12,000-squarefoot aquatic facility located at the existing basketball courts, tennis courts, and Kiwanis
building.
• Burton Park Option 2: A larger footprint
including a 30,000-square-foot community
center, a 20,000-square-foot aquatic facility,
and a new plaza, replacing Madsen Field
and the Kiwanis building.
• Laureola Park Option: A 30,000-square-foot
community center and 12,000-squarefoot aquatic facility replacing the existing building and portions of the basketball
court, picnic area, and field.
Community feedback indicated a preference
for Burton Park Option 1. Respondents valued
its ability to add new amenities while preserving
open fields and maintaining Burton Park’s role
as a central community gathering space with
relatively limited disruption. Across all options,
residents emphasized the importance of
preserving fields, expanding aquatics, ensuring
equity in facility distribution, and addressing
traffic and parking impacts.
The three facility options and community
feedback were presented to City Council on
October 27, 2025. The project team requested
direction from Council on selecting a preferred
site between either Burton Park or Laureola Park
to advance into more detailed planning. After
discussion, Council determined that additional
consideration was needed and chose not to
identify a preferred site at that time. Council
directed staff to remove the community
center and aquatic facility component from
the system-wide Master Plan and explore the
opportunities as a separate initiative.
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Community Meeting at the Adult Community Center
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LEVEL OF SERVICE
Benchmarking
Benchmarking is a planning tool used to
compare the San Carlos Parks and Recreation
System to similar communities and national
reference points. These comparisons help
provide context for understanding how the
City’s parks, facilities, and amenities relate
to those of peer jurisdictions and support the
identification of system strengths and areas for
improvement.
For this peer analysis, data were collected in
2024 for the Cities of Burlingame and Menlo
Park and the Towns of Los Gatos and Danville.
In addition to these regional comparisons,
national benchmarks were drawn from the
2023 National Recreation and Park Association
(NRPA) Agency Performance Review for
jurisdictions with populations ranging from
20,000 to 49,000 residents.
Together, these regional and national
benchmarks provide a consistent framework
for evaluating San Carlos’ parks and recreation
system and inform the assessment of service
levels discussed in the following section.
Parks and Facilities Service Levels
Level of Service (LOS) is a key metric used in
parks and recreation planning to evaluate
how well parkland, facilities, and amenities
serve the San Carlos community. LOS provides
a standardized method for comparing local
conditions to peer communities and national
benchmarks, identifying system strengths and
service gaps, and supporting data-driven
planning decisions.
Beyond its technical application, LOS
establishes clear and consistent expectations
for City staff, decision-makers, developers,
and the community regarding the quantity,
distribution, and types of parkland and
recreational amenities needed as the City
grows. As such, LOS plays an important role
in supporting equitable access to parks and
recreation resources and informing long-term
investment decisions.
Two primary LOS measurements were used in
this analysis:
• Parkland Acreage per 1,000 Residents:
Total parkland is divided by the
population (in thousands) to calculate
acres of parkland per 1,000 residents.
• Residents per Facility or Amenity: The total
population is divided by the quantity of
facilities or an amenity to determine how
many residents are served by each one.
In general, higher LOS values for parkland
and indoor recreation space indicate greater
access for residents, while lower ratios of
residents per facility or special-use amenity
reflect broader availability across the
community. Together, these metrics provide
insight into how effectively the parks and
recreation system meets current demand.
2.2 SYSTEM-WIDE NEEDS AND
OPPORTUNITIES
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HOW THE PARK SYSTEM PERFORMS TODAY
Parkland
• 2.18 acres per 1,000
residents of improved
parks
• 0.82 acres needed to
meet City’s goal of 3.0
acres per 1,000 residents
• 6.11 acres per 1,000
residents when Open
Spaces included
Indoor Recreation
• 1.13 square feet per
resident across three
facilities
• Closely aligned with
peer communities and
national averages
Community Facilities
• 3 facilities total (1 adult
center, 1 youth center,
1 community building)*
• 1 facility per 10,163
residents
• Consistent with most
peer communities
Dog Parks
• 2 dog parks citywide
• 1 per 15,245 residents
• Exceeds peer and
national averages
Sports Courts
• 16 courts total
• 1 court per 1,906
residents
• Exceeds peer
averages overall
• Pickleball courts
slightly below
national benchmark
Sports Fields
• Provision of both
diamond and
rectangular fields
• 1 field per 2,032
residents
• Falls slightly behind
peer and national
averages
Play Areas
• 9 play areas
• 1 per 3,388 residents
• Exceeds peer
communities and
national standards
Water Play
• 2 water play
facilities
• 1 per 15,245
residents
• Exceeds both
peer and national
averages
Overall, San Carlos provides a level of service that meets or exceeds peer community benchmarks across most categories. The City shows particular strength in indoor recreation space and in the range of facilities serving youth and older adults, supporting diverse recreation programming and broad community participation.
* Kiwanis Building is excluded as the facility is not currently available due to lease with private entity.
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+5,000 SQFT Indoor
Recreation Space
+1 Multi-Use Field
(Diamond + Soccer)
+1 Pickleball Court
+1 Basketball Court
+1 Tennis Court
+4 Play Areas +1 Dog Park
Key Findings
Parkland and Indoor Recreation
San Carlos currently exceeds the General Plan
goal for parkland level of service, providing 6.11
acres per 1,000 residents when open space is
included and 2.18 acres of improved parkland
per 1,000 residents when open space parks are
not allocated. As the City continues to grow,
maintaining equitable access to parkland will
depend not only on total acreage, but also
on the location, timing, and distribution of new
parks and open spaces. Planned parkland
additions associated with future development
will play a key role in ensuring access to green
space keeps pace with population growth.
Indoor recreation space also represents an
important consideration as demand for yearround, multi-generational programming increases. LOS-based projections indicate that
additional indoor space will be needed over
time to maintain service levels and support
evolving community needs.
Amenities
Although San Carlos currently provides a range
of outdoor recreation amenities that meet
many existing needs, projected population
growth and changing recreation preferences
indicate that additional facilities will be required
in the future. Using NRPA guidelines, peer
community averages, and the City’s current
LOS as reference points.
Future Planning Recommendations
A recommended guideline level of service
number is suggested for San Carlos that draws
on LOS from the NRPA, the peer communities,
and San Carlos’ current conditions. Tables
3-2 and 3-3 translate these benchmarks into
projected amenity and facility needs based
on an estimated build out population of
approximately 46,450 residents in 2045.
These quantitative guidelines, when considered
alongside community input and recreation
trends, inform the identification of priority facility
types and help shape future recommendations
and planning decisions.
Identified Gaps and Needs
Based on projected population growth and
recommended LOS guidelines, San Carlos
should seek to provide the following additional
facilities and amenities highlighted in Figure
3-4 to serve an estimated population of
approximately 46,450 residents by 2045. For
amenity types not listed above, as well as
parkland, current provision levels are sufficient
to serve the projected population based on
recommended LOS guidelines.
Figure 3-4: Amenity gaps
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Table 3-2: Amenity service level gaps guidelines
LEVEL OF SERVICE
ADDITIONAL AMENITIES
NEEDED TO MEET GUIDELINE
AMENITY
2024 NRPA
GUIDELINE
PEER
AVERAGE EXISTING
RECOMMEND
GUIDELINE
FOR
CURRENT
POPULATION
(2025)
30,490
FOR
PROJECTED
POPULATION
(2045)
46,450
Diamond
Fields 1/3,007 1/7,722 1/4,356 1/5,500 +1 0
Soccer Fields 1/3,333 1/18,385 1/3,811 1/5,100 +1 0
Multi-Use Fields 1/7,674 1/18,325 1/6,098 1/6,800 +1 0
Basketball
Courts 1/7,501 1/15,603 1/5,082 1/6,000 0 +1
Tennis Courts 1/5,815 1/5,034 1/5,082 1/4,800 0 +1
Pickleball
Courts 1/7,737 1/18,376 1/15,245 1/6,000 +1 0
Bocce Courts N/A 1/11,454 1/10,163 1/11,000 0 0
Play Areas 1/3,105 1/1,455 1/3,811 1/3,500 +1 +3
Water Play N/A 1/17,110 1/15,245 1/17,000 0 0
Dog Parks 1/27,508 1/17,611 1/15,245 1/15,000 0 +1
Table 3-3: Recreation facility service level gaps guidelines
INDOOR SQFT LEVEL OF SERVICE
MINIMUM INDOOR REC.
SQUARE FOOTAGE NEEDED
TO MEET GUIDELINE
INDOOR SQUARE
FOOTAGE
PEER
AVERAGE EXISTING
RECOMMEND
GUIDELINE
CURRENT
POPULATION
30,490
PROJECTED
POPULATION
(2045)
46,450
Any facility (flexible)
sqft per resident 1.21 sqft 1.13 sqft 1.0 sqft 0 + 5,000 sqft * Kiwanis Building is excluded as the facility is not currently available due to lease with private entity. 1 FOR EVERY # OF RESIDENTS
# OF SQFT PER RESIDENT
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52 CHAPTER 3: OUR FUTURE
ACCESS AND EQUITY
San Carlos provides a generally well-distributed
system of parks and recreational amenities,
offering a range of spaces that support
active recreation, relaxation, and community
gathering. From neighborhood parks with
playgrounds and picnic areas to larger
community parks with sports fields and courts,
most residents live within walking distance of
a park, ensuring broad access across much of
the city.
Park access is more limited on the east side of
San Carlos, where Laureola Park currently serves
as the primary recreational resource east of the
El Camino Real corridor. While Laureola Park
offers a variety of amenities, residents often must
cross El Camino Real to reach additional parks
and facilities. Planned community and open
space parkland identified in the Northeast Area
Specific Plan present an opportunity to expand
park access and address existing service gaps
in this area.
The west side of the city is generally well served
by parks and recreational facilities, though hilly
terrain along the western and southern edges
can limit connectivity for some residents. In
the downtown area, privately owned, publicly
accessible spaces (POPS) supplement the park
system by providing small plazas and seating
areas that support informal gathering and
relaxation.
1/2-Mile Walkshed
Equitable access to parks and recreation
facilities is important for the San Carlos
community. The City’s General Plan establishes
a goal of locating a park or recreation facility
within a ½-mile, or a 10-minute walk, of every
resident. This aligns with guidance from the
NRPA, which identifies a 10-minute walk as the
average distance most people are willing to
travel by foot to access a destination.
Approximately 80% of San Carlos residents live
within a ½-mile of a park, open space area, or
recreation facility (see Figure 3-5). The remaining
20 percent of residents live in underserved
areas, with the largest gap located along the
southeast edge of the city. Due to existing
terrain and dense residential build out, some
areas may not be able to accommodate
more parkland acreage. However, these areas
represent opportunities for future investment to
improve local park access and meet walkability
goals through strategic endeavors.
The following should be considered in the future
to accommodate growth in the City:
• Provide 3.0 acres per 1,000 residents per
the California State regulation and goal
established in the updated 2040 General
Plan amendment.
• Areas not within a half-mile walk from
a park should be priorities for park
acquisition and/or enhancement of
existing parks to serve underserved areas.
• Mini Parks, plazas, and greenbelts
can be explored in lieu of fully scaled
Neighborhood or Community Parks where
needed land mass may not be feasible.
• Joint Use Agreements and other
partnerships should be explored to
provide additional recreation spaces and
opportunities for residents.
• Ensuring any future acquisition or parkland
development is in line with the San Carlos
Bike and Pedestrian Master Plan to
continue access to new and established
sites.
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Figure 3-5: San Carlos parkland walkshed map (2024)
RESIDENTIAL AREAS OUTSIDE 10-MINUTE WALK AREA
SPHERE OF INFLUENCE
RECREATION FACILITY
PULGAS RIDGE
OPEN SPACE
PRESERVE
BELMONT
REDWOOD CITY
BAIR ISLAND
STATE MARINE
PARK
COMMUNITY PARK
MINI PARK
SPECIAL USE
NEIGHHBORHRHOOD PPARRK
OPEN SPACE
0 1.5 MI
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54 CHAPTER 3: OUR FUTURE
Public Connectivity
San Carlos benefits from a variety of public
and active transportation options that
connect residents and visitors to parks and
recreation facilities. Figure 3-6 highlights these
transportation networks.
Regional Access
San Carlos is well-connected to the broader
Bay Area through regional transit systems.
Caltrain, a commuter rail line, links the city to
San Francisco and San Jose and will eventually
connect with the California High-Speed Rail
system serving cities throughout the state.
SamTrans, operated by the San Mateo County
Transit District, provides regional bus service
to major transportation hubs including San
Francisco International Airport, Bay Area Rapid
Transit (BART) commuter rail, San Francisco
Municipal Railway (Muni) light rail, and Santa
Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA)
bus and light rail in the South Bay. The city is
bordered by two major highways: U.S. Route
101 to the east and Interstate 280 to the west.
Local Access
Within city limits, SamTrans routes 295, 260, 61,
and 73 provide local access to many parks,
including Burton Park, Crestview Park, Highlands
Park, City Hall Dog Park, Heather Dog Exercise
Area, and trailheads at Big Canyon and Eaton
Parks.
However, the local active transportation
network is limited. According to the 2020
Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan, San Carlos
lacks separated bikeways and has only a few
shared-use paths. Existing bike infrastructure
consists of unbuffered lanes and shared
roadways, some of which run near or adjacent
to key parks. Pedestrian access is generally
good, but sidewalk gaps exist around parks
such as Arguello Park, Chilton Park, and Hillcrest
Circle Park, and along portions of routes serving
Highlands, Burton, and Eaton Parks.
The Plan identified certain collector roads as
particularly stressful for pedestrians and cyclists.
These include roads near several high-use parks,
such as Crestview, Big Canyon, Eaton, Burton,
Arguello, Laureola, and the City Hall Dog Park.
Addressing these issues could significantly
enhance comfort and safety for non-motorized
access to recreation.
Bike/Pedestrian Access and Planned
Improvements
The City of San Carlos Bicycle and Pedestrian
Master Plan establishes a framework for
improving walking and bicycling networks that
enhance access to parks, open space, and
recreation facilities citywide. The plan prioritizes
safe and comfortable pedestrian and bicycle
connections, supporting active transportation
as both a recreational activity and a practical
way to reach parks and other community
destinations.
The plan’s bikeway and pedestrian network
illustrates how existing and proposed routes
connect major parks and recreation facilities
throughout San Carlos, including Burton Park,
Cedar Street Park, Laureola Park, and Highlands
Park. Bicycle lanes, shared-use paths, and
low-stress bicycle routes are planned near or
adjacent to these sites, reinforcing their role as
key destinations within the active transportation
network. Together, these planned connections
highlight the City’s intent to improve access
to parks and open spaces through targeted
bicycle and pedestrian improvements,
including expanded bike networks, enhanced
pedestrian pathways, and safety upgrades.
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Figure 3-6: San Carlos public connectivity map (2024)
BIKE LANES
SAMTRANS BUS ROUTE
SPHERE OF INFLUENCE
CALTRAIN STATION
PULGAS RIDGE
OPEN SPACE
PRESERVE
BAIR ISLAND
STATE MARINE
PARK
BELMONT
REDWOOD CITY
COMMUNITY PARK
MINI PARK
SPECIAL USE
NEIGHHBORHRHOOD PPARRK
OPEN SPACE
RECREATION FACILITY 0 1.5 MI
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56 CHAPTER 3: OUR FUTURE
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 57
PARK AND FACILITY
ASSESSMENTS
To evaluate the condition and performance
of San Carlos’ parks, open spaces, and
recreation facilities, the master plan process
included on-site assessments of each location.
These assessments documented existing
amenities and evaluated site condition,
accessibility, functionality, safety, and overall
user experience. The information collected
provides a baseline for understanding systemwide conditions, identifying areas in need of improvement, and informing future investment
priorities.
Each park and facility was evaluated using
a standardized scoring system ranging from
0 to 5. Based on average scores, sites were
categorized as:
• Good or Excellent
• Fair
• Needing Improvement
Recognizing the different roles and
characteristics of developed parks and natural
open spaces, these areas were assessed
separately to reflect variations in use patterns
and available amenities.
Assessment results are summarized in Figure 3-7,
with a detailed inventory of park features and
amenities provided in Appendix D. Together,
these findings informed the recommendations
for park improvements and future development
outlined in Chapter 3: Vision, Goals, and
Recommendations.
Safety and comfort evaluated factors such
as nearby derelict features, graffiti and
vandalism, signs of unauthorized activity, road
calming measures, pedestrian and cyclist
safety, security presence, ease of navigation,
and park lighting.
Safety and Comfort
The maintenance assessment evaluated
the condition of pavement, vegetation,
tree canopies, play structures, recreation
amenities, restrooms, trash receptacles,
seating, and picnic areas to determine overall
condition and usability.
Maintenance and
Condition
Functionality evaluation considers several
factors, including variety and relevance
of uses, strategic placement of amenities,
balance of shady and sunny areas, diversity
of plant life, drainage or erosion issues,
availability of restrooms and seating,
compatibility with surrounding land uses, and
overall activity levels observed.
Functionality
Access evaluation considers key factors such
as edge permeability, wayfinding, crosswalks
and signals, bike and pedestrian connections,
parking availability, and proximity to
trailheads.
Access
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58 CHAPTER 3: OUR FUTURE
CENTRAL MID
Figure 3-7: System-wide ratings map
4 6
5 7
8 14
15 1
3 B
A
D
C
E
13 11
12 10
9 16
17 2
RATINGS
GOOD
NEEDS IMPROVEMENT OVEMENT
FAIR
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 59
City Hall Dog Park
Arguello Park
COMMUNITY PARKS
NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS
MINI PARKS
OPEN SPACE
SPECIAL USE
RECREATION FACILITIES
Chilton Park
Cedar Street Park
Adult Community Center
Heather Dog Exercise Area
Burton Park
Crestview Park
Frank D. Harrington Park
Kiwanis Building
North Crestview
Rosek Park
Library Community Room
Big Canyon Park
Highlands Park
Laureola Park
Hillcrest Circle Park
Laureola Park Building
Vista Park
San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park
Youth Center
Eaton Park
16 1
4 9
A
17 2
5 10
B
7 12
D
14 3
6 11
C
8 13
E
15 DDLE SCHOOL
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60 CHAPTER 3: OUR FUTURE
Opportunities for Enhancement
Developed Parks
The evaluation of San Carlos’ developed parks
focused on the following key areas:
• Accessibility and functionality
• Condition of amenities and facilities
• Capacity and overall user experience
• Safety, visibility, wayfinding, and sense of
security
Based on this evaluation, the following findings
and opportunities were identified:
• San Carlos’ parks are well loved and
heavily used, reflecting their importance
to the community. While parks are
generally well maintained, some sites
would benefit from lifecycle replacement
of aging structures and amenities to
address wear from high levels of use.
• Smaller neighborhood parks often have
limited visibility and connectivity to
surrounding streets and neighborhoods.
There are opportunities to better
integrate these parks into the community
to improve awareness, access, and
wayfinding.
• Athletic fields are in high demand, and
there is potential to extend their usability
throughout the day and year through
strategies such as improved lighting,
drainage, and surface upgrades.
• Laureola Park is currently the only park
serving San Carlos’ east side, which
limits access to parkland for nearby
residents. Planned development in this
area presents an opportunity to expand
parkland and recreation amenities to
better serve future community needs.
Laureola Park picnic area
San Carlos Avenue Neighborhood Park picnic area
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Open Space Parks
Open space parks in San Carlos were evaluated
using a similar approach to developed parks,
with a focus on the following key areas:
• Trail conditions, amenities, and trailheads
• Accessibility and parking at or near
access points
• Connectivity to regional trails and open
space networks
• Directional signage, mapping, and
wayfinding
Based on this evaluation, the following findings
and opportunities were identified:
• San Carlos’ open spaces benefit from
proximity to developed parks and nearby
regional open spaces and trails. There are
opportunities to strengthen connections
between these areas to create a more
integrated and accessible open space
network.
• Many trailheads and access points lack
formal vehicle or bicycle parking and are
not directly connected to bike lanes or
sidewalks, which can make access more
challenging for cyclists and pedestrians.
• There is an opportunity to improve
connections between City-owned open
spaces and adjacent county-owned
lands, supporting a more cohesive system
of trails and green spaces.
• Adding comfort amenities, such as
restrooms, picnic tables, seating, trash
receptacles, and similar facilities, would
enhance usability and make open spaces
more inviting for visitors.
• The natural hillside environment presents
potential hazards, including wildfire and
landslide risk, highlighting the importance
of improving site resilience while
protecting nearby neighborhoods.
• The City is actively working to consolidate
and standardize trailhead signage to
reduce visual clutter, improve clarity, and
clearly communicate safety information
and park regulations. Continuing this effort
will enhance wayfinding and overall user
experience within open space areas.
Benches at Eaton Park labyrinth overlook
Trail at Big Canyon
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Facilities
Each facility was evaluated using the following
criteria:
• Size and spatial flexibility
• Functionality and operational efficiency
• Programming capacity and adaptability
• Circulation and security
• Infrastructure systems
• Technology and equipment
Based on this evaluation, the following findings
and opportunities were identified:
• Existing facilities generally meet current
programming needs but are operating
at or near full capacity, indicating
that additional space will be needed
to accommodate future growth and
expanded programming.
• Recreational opportunities within
current facilities are limited across age
groups, with adults ages 18 to 55 having
particularly limited access to dedicated
indoor recreation space.
• The northern portion of the City lacks
community recreation facilities, resulting in
uneven access across neighborhoods.
• Targeted repairs and maintenance
could address existing deficiencies
while improving accessibility and overall
functionality.
• Strategic layout, operational, and
scheduling improvements may help
facilities better respond to evolving
programming needs in the near term.
• Over the longer term, expanding existing
facilities or developing new ones will
be necessary to support anticipated
program growth.
• A more balanced geographic distribution
of recreation facilities would improve
access and equity for residents citywide.
• Add cease private lease of Kiwanis
building and utilize building for parks
program space
Kiwanis Building
Adult Community Center
Laureola Building
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 63
Programming Comparative Analysis
To better understand how San Carlos’ recreation
program offerings compare to regional and
national norms, an analysis was conducted
using data from the National Recreation
and Park Association’s (NRPA) 2023 Agency
Performance Review. This benchmarking
helped evaluate programming breadth,
staffing, and alignment with best practices
among similar-sized communities. Full details of
the analysis are available in Appendix G.
The analysis included three key components:
• Program Area Comparison: San Carlos’
recreation offerings were compared
to the most common programming
categories provided nationwide.
• General Programming Assessment:
Core program areas (e.g., team sports,
aquatics, special events) were reviewed
based on variables established by NRPA
for cities of similar size and characteristics.
• Staffing Assessment: Programming staff
levels were evaluated to determine
whether San Carlos is adequately staffed
relative to peer agencies.
Sports leagues
Community events
RECREATION PROGRAMS AND
SERVICES
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64 CHAPTER 3: OUR FUTURE
Programming Strengths, Gaps,
and Unique Offerings
San Carlos offers a diverse range of recreational
programs that align well with both local peer
communities and national norms. The following
program areas were identified as core strengths
the City should continue to prioritize and
expand upon:
• Themed Special Events
• Social Recreation Events
• Team Sports
• Fitness Classes
• Youth sports
• Health & Wellness Education
• Individual Sports
Two key programming gaps were identified
where additional offerings could meet unmet
community demand:
• Aquatics
• Adaptive and Inclusive Programs
San Carlos also offers a number of programs not
commonly found in comparable jurisdictions.
These unique offerings represent potential
strengths if well-attended and well-marketed,
or areas for improvement if underutilized.
Targeted outreach and marketing could help
boost engagement in the following program
types:
• Youth After School
• Golf
• eGaming / eSports
• STEM Programs
Recreation Programming
Staffing Analysis
Staffing data from the National Recreation and
Park Association (NRPA) Agency Performance
Review were used to evaluate how San Carlos
compares to peer agencies in terms of personnel
dedicated to recreation programming.
Benchmarks are presented in quartiles (lower,
average, and upper) to support comparative
analysis.
• San Carlos employs approximately 20.4
full-time equivalent (FTE) staff between fulltime employees and seasonal staff whom are dedicated to managing recreation
programming. This represents about 67% of
the Department’s total full-time staff.
• This staffing level is generally consistent with
both regional and national averages for
similarly sized jurisdictions.
Park maintenance contracts are managed
through staff and the Public Works Department.
Although these contracts do not directly
support programming, they contribute to
facility upkeep and should be considered in
broader evaluations of staffing capacity and
operational resources, and operations.
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SAN CARLOS PARKS MASTER PLAN 65
PARKS MAINTENANCE
The City maintains its parks, open spaces, and
landscaped medians through a combination
of in-house staffing and contracted services,
overseen by the Public Works Department. This
includes maintenance of 171.13 acres of green
space, 51.21 acres of developed parkland,
and 119.92 acres of undeveloped land, trails,
and medians, as well as three San Carlos
School District athletic fields under a joint use
agreement.
The Parks Maintenance team includes five
Senior Maintenance Workers. Two focus on
developed parks and playground inspections,
while three manage natural areas, trails, and
medians. The City also contracts with three
vendors: one for developed parks and synthetic
fields, and another for undeveloped parkland
and medians.
Despite some service expectations built
into vendor contracts, San Carlos does not
currently have formal maintenance standards.
Establishing clear service levels tailored to park
types (developed, undeveloped, and athletic
fields) would support consistent care and longterm planning.
In terms of labor capacity, the developed parks
contract provides four full-time equivalents
(FTEs) for developed parks, supplemented by
two in-house staff, resulting in a ratio of one
FTE per 8.5 acres of developed parkland. For
undeveloped areas, three FTEs under the
Northern Landscape Management contract
yield a ratio of one FTE per 28.5 acres. Compared
to similar communities, current staffing levels
appear low and may be insufficient to fully
support the City’s park system over time.
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3. RVISION, GOALS, AND
ECOMMENDATIONS
3.1 System-wide Goals and Recommendations
3.2 Design Principles and Considerations
3.3 Park Classification
3.4 Park Improvements
3.5 Recreation Facility Improvements
3.6 Future Park and Facility Opportunities
3.7 Recreation and Park Programming
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This chapter outlines the goals and
recommendations for the City of San
Carlos’ parks and recreation system.
Vision, Goals, and
Recommendations 3
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VISION AND GOALS
The Parks Master Plan (PMP) establishes a
long-term framework for strengthening a
well-maintained, inclusive, and resilient parks
and recreation system that responds to the
evolving needs of the San Carlos community.
The Plan’s vision, four overarching goals,
and system-wide recommendations guide
the coordinated growth and improvement
of parks, open spaces, facilities, and
recreation services over the next 20 years.
Together, these goals articulate a shared vision
for the future of San Carlos’ parks and recreation
system, encompassing parks, facilities, open
spaces, and programming. Supported by
system-wide recommendations, the goals
focus on maintaining high-quality amenities,
expanding access and inclusion, fostering
community connection, and advancing
environmental stewardship to enhance quality
of life for all who live, work, and play in San
Carlos.
3.1 SYSTEM-WIDE GOALS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS
To create a vibrant, inclusive, and
sustainable parks and recreation
system that supports community
wellness, celebrates diversity, and
enriches the lives of all San Carlos
residents and visitors.
VISION
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Goal 1
Support and enhance the San Carlos parks and
recreation system.
San Carlos is committed to maintaining a high-quality,
accessible, and responsive parks and recreation system that serves and enriches the entire community. The City is focused on strengthening existing assets while thoughtfully planning for future growth.
1.1. Explore city-owned properties for new park, facility, and recreation opportunities.
1.2. Evaluate reprogramming of existing parks, open
spaces, trails, and facilities where feasible to
provide dynamic recreation options that meet
community needs.
1.3. Encourage new development to provide publicly
accessible open spaces, trails, and trail connection
easements or dedications.
1.4. Ensure proactive maintenance of existing parks,
facilities, open spaces, and trails that responds
to community needs, recreation trends, and
changing environmental conditions.
1.5. Engage residents, partners, volunteers, local
businesses, and other agencies in identifying
funding sources to enhance parks and recreation
opportunities and services.
1.6. Continue to deliver recreation programming that
evolves with the diverse interests, ages, and needs
of the San Carlos community.
1.7. Prioritize long-term financial sustainability through responsible stewardship, creative funding
strategies, and transparent resource management.
1.2 1.1
1.3 1.4
1.5 1.6
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Goal 2
Create an inclusive and accessible parks and
recreation system that reflects the diverse needs
of San Carlos residents and visitors.
San Carlos is dedicated to creating welcoming, inclusive spaces where everyone can enjoy a wide range of recreational experiences. By expanding access to parks, facilities, and amenities, the City aims to ensure residents of all abilities and demographics feel connected, supported, and able to participate fully in park and recreation opportunities.
2.1. Ensure residents of all abilities, ages, and
backgrounds have equitable access to parks,
open spaces, and recreation services.
2.2. Provide recreational facilities and programs that
serve a wide range of community needs, interests,
and demographics.
2.3. Enhance the availability and capacity of athletic
fields and recreation spaces to better serve
community needs in San Carlos.
2.4. Continue partnering with the Parks and
Recreation Foundation of San Carlos to provide
equitable access to recreation classes and
programs for the San Carlos community.
2.1 2.2
2.3 2.4
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Goal 3
Encourage community vitality and wellness
through placemaking and recreation.
San Carlos recognizes the important role parks and recreation systems play in promoting community wellness, connection, and identity. The City prioritizes creating vibrant, active spaces and programs that encourage healthy lifestyles, strengthen social bonds, and reflect the unique character of the city.
3.1. Enhance community opportunities for exercise
and physical activity at park and recreation sites.
3.2. Facilitate programs and recreational activities to support health, personal enrichment, and social
interaction across all user groups.
3.3. Consider transit, bicycle, and pedestrian
accessibility when evaluating locations for new or
substantially renovated parks and facilities.
3.4. Strengthen a sense of place and community
identity in San Carlos through parks and
recreational programs and community events.