Agenda packet, first session

San Clemente City Council
March 19, 2024

Document: Agenda packet, first session
Meeting: March 19, 2024
Body: San Clemente City Council
Pages: 27
Original file: 170.1 MB

Text extracted from the city's file for reading and search. Open the original on ca-sanclemente.civicplus.com. That file is the official record.

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PROJECT: Oceanside HOLE NUMBER: SDG-35
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PROJECT: San Clemente HOLE NUMBER: SC-1
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16 PROJECT: San Clemente HOLE NUMBER: SC-5
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PROJECT: San Clemente HOLE NUMBER: SC-7
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PROJECT: San Clemente HOLE NUMBER: SC-8
LOCATION: 6DQ&OHPHQWH%RUURZ$UHD
NORTHING (m): EASTING (m): DATUM: 1$'&$=RQH LATITUDE: LONGITUDE:
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THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
932 826
1450 Federal Register / Vol. 67, No. 8 / Friday, January 11, 2002 / Notices and net savings to the government as a
result of those exceptions; records
containing contractor information;
records containing reimbursable billing
information; name, Social Security
Number, pay grade and (optionally)
address information.

AUTHORITY FOR MAINTENANCE OF THE SYSTEM:
5 U.S.C. 301, Departmental
Regulations and E.O. 9397 (SSN).

PURPOSE(S):

To provide managers and supervisors
with timely, on-line information
regarding audit requirements, programs,
and performance.

ROUTINE USES OF RECORDS MAINTAINED IN THE

SYSTEM, INCLUDING CATEGORIES OF USERS AND
THE PURPOSES OF SUCH USES:

In addition to those disclosures
generally permitted under 5 U.S.C.
552a(b) of the Privacy Act, these records
or information contained therein may
specifically be disclosed outside the
DoD as a routine use pursuant to 5
U.S.C. 552a(b)(3) as follows:

The DoD ‘‘Blanket Routine Uses’’ that
appear at the beginning of DCAA’s
compilation of systems of records
notices apply to this system.

POLICIES AND PRACTICES FOR STORING,

RETRIEVING, ACCESSING, RETAINING, AND
DISPOSING OF RECORDS IN THE SYSTEM:

STORAGE:

Records are maintained in an on-line
database and on magnetic tape at secure
offsite storage.

RETRIEVABILITY:

Records are retrieved by
organizational levels, name of
employee, Social Security Number,
office symbol, audit activity codes, or
any other combination of these
identifiers.

SAFEGUARDS:

Automated records are protected by
restricted access procedures. Access to
records is strictly limited to authorized
officials with a bona fide need for the
records.

RETENTION AND DISPOSAL:

Records are retained indefinitely.

SYSTEM MANAGER(S) AND ADDRESS:

Chief, Information Technology
Division, Defense Contract Audit
Agency, 4075 Park Avenue, Memphis,
TN 38111–7492.

NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE:

Individuals seeking to determine
whether information about themselves
is contained in this system should
address written inquiries to the Chief,
Information Technology Division,
Defense Contract Audit Agency, 4075
Park Avenue, Memphis, TN 38111–
7492.

Individuals must furnish name, Social
Security Number, approximate date of
record, and geographic area in which
consideration was requested for record
to be located and identified. Official
mailing addresses are published as an
appendix to the DCAA’s compilation of
systems notices.

RECORD ACCESS PROCEDURES:

Individuals seeking access to
information about themselves contained
in this system should address written
inquiries to the Chief, Information
Technology Division, Defense Contract
Audit Agency, 4075 Park Avenue,
Memphis, TN 38111–7492.

Individuals must furnish name, Social
Security Number, approximate date of
record, and geographic area in which
consideration was requested for record
to be located and identified.

CONTESTING RECORD PROCEDURES:

DCAA’s rules for accessing records,
for contesting contents and appealing
initial agency determinations are
published in DCAA Regulation 5410.10;
32 CFR part 317; or may be obtained
from the system manager.

RECORD SOURCE CATEGORIES:

Individual employees, supervisors,
audit reports and working papers.

EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED FOR THE SYSTEM:

None.
[FR Doc. 02–671 Filed 1–10–02; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 5001–08–P

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Department of the Army, Corps of
Engineers
Intent To Prepare a Joint
Environmental Impact Statement/
Environmental Impact Report for the
San Clemente Shoreline Feasibility
Study, San Clemente, CA
AGENCY: Army Corps of Engineers
(Corps), DoD.

ACTION: Notice of intent.

SUMMARY: The Corps and the city of San
Clemente propose to study alternatives
to provide shoreline protection to the
San Clemente Shoreline. The study is
for that portion of the shoreline that
runs from Shorecliff Beach to San Mateo
Point, approximately eight kilometers
(five miles).

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Questions regarding the scoping process
or preparation of the EIS/EIR may be
directed to Mr. Paul Rose, Chief,
Environmental Resources Branch, U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers, P.O. Box
532711, Los Angeles, California, 90053–
2325, (213) 452–3840.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

1. Proposed Action
Provide shoreline protection against
wave attack from coastal storms to the
San Clemente shoreline. Running along
the entire length of the San Clemente
shoreline is a portion of the Los Angeles
to San Diego (Lossan) railroad corridor.

The Lossan is a major passenger rail line
linking San Diego to the rest of the
United States. The Lossan is owned by
the Orange County Transportation
Authority (OCTA). This commuter rail
corridor is among the busiest in the
country and separates the beach from
the bluff. Loss of shoreline protection
and recreational beach width is a
continuous problem for the city of San
Clemente. Damages to coastal
residential and commercial properties
from storm-induced waves have become
a serious threat over the past several
years. The study will investigate
alternatives to provide shoreline
protection.

2. Alternatives
Alternatives that may be considered
include non-structural and/or structural
measures to provide protection against
wave attack from coastal storms. Nonstructural measures include beach and near-shore nourishment with dredged
sand.

3. Scoping Process
The Corps and the city of San
Clemente are preparing a joint
Environmental Impact Statement/
Environmental Impact Report (EIS/EIR)
to address potential impacts associated
with the proposed project. The Corps is
the Lead Federal Agency for compliance
with NEPA for the project, and the city
of San Clemente is the Lead State
Agency for compliance with the CEQA
for the non-Federal aspects of the
project. The Draft EIS/EIR (DEIS/EIR)
document will incorporate public
concerns in the analysis of impacts
associated with the Proposed Action
and associated project alternatives. The
DEIS/EIR will be sent out for a 45-day
public review period, during which
time both written and verbal comments
will be solicited on the adequacy of the
document. The Final EIS/EIR (FEIS/EIR)
will address the comments received on
the DEIS/EIR during public review, and
will be furnished to all who commented
on the DEIS/EIR, and is made available
to anyone that requests a copy during
9HU'DWH0$<!
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Federal Register / Vol. 67, No. 8 / Friday, January 11, 2002 / Notices 1451 the 30-day public comment period. The
final step involves, for the Federal EIS,
preparing a Record of Decision (ROD)
and, for the state EIR, certifying the EIR
and adopting a Mitigation Monitoring
and Reporting Plan. The ROD is a
concise summary of the decisions made
by the Corps from among the
alternatives presented in the FEIS/EIR.

The ROD can be published immediately
after the FEIS public comment period
ends. A certified EIR indicates that the
environmental document adequately
assesses the environmental impacts of
the proposed project with respect to
CEQA. A formal scoping meeting to
solicit public comment and concerns on
the proposed action and alternatives
will be held on January 10, 2002 at 7
p.m., in the Multipurpose Room (1 & 2)
in the San Clemente Senior Center, 242
Avenue Del Mar, San Clemente,
California.

Luz D. Ortiz,
Army Federal Register Liaison Officer.
[FR Doc. 02–771 Filed 1–10–02; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3710–KF–M

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Department of the Army, Corps of
Engineers
Intent To Prepare a Draft
Environmental Impact Statement
(DEIS) for the Matilija Dam Ecosystem
Restoration Feasibility Study, Ventura
County, CA
AGENCY: Army Corps of Engineers, DoD.

ACTION: Notice of intent.

SUMMARY: The Los Angeles District of
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers will
prepare a DEIS to support the Matilija
Dam Ecosystem Restoration Feasibility
Study, Ventura County, California. The
study area is the Matilija Dam area and
downstream to the Venture River
Estuary. This study will investigate
feasible alternatives to restore the
Matilija Creek riverine ecosystem,
primarily by removing Matilija Dam.

Also, feasible alternatives for the
removal of sediment behind the dam
and the beneficial use of that sediment
will be investigated.

The DEIS will analyze the potential
impacts (beneficial and adverse) on the
environment of a range of alternatives,
including the proposed action and the
no action alternative. The Los Angeles
District and the Ventura County Flood
Control District will cooperate in
conducting this feasibility study.

ADDRESSES: District Engineer, U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles
District, ATTN: CESPL–PD–RQ (R.

Farve), P.O. Box 532711, Los Angeles,
California 90053–2325.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr.

Rey Farve, Environmental Coordinator,
telephone (213) 452–3864, or Mr.

Jonathan Vivanti, Study Manager,
telephone (213) 452–3809.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

1. Authorization
This feasibility study was authorized
by U.S. House of Representatives
Committee Resolution on
Transportation and Infrastructure
(Docket 2593), dated April 15, 1999,
which states, in part: ‘‘that the Secretary
of the Army is requested to review the
report of the Chief of Engineers on the
Ventura River, Ventura County,
California, published as House
Document 323, 77th Congress, 1st
Session, and other pertinent reports,
with a view to determining whether any
modifications of the recommendations
contained therein are advisable at this
time, in the interest of environmental
restoration and protection, and related
purposes, with particular attention to
restoring anadromous fish populations
on Matilija Creek and returning natural
sand replenishment to Ventura and
other Southern California beaches.’’

2. Background
Matilija Dam is located on Matilija
Creek, a tributary of the Ventura River,
approximately 16 miles upstream from
the Pacific Ocean. The dam is located in
Ventura County California,
approximately 7 miles and 25 miles
from the Cities of Ojai and Ventura,
California, respectively. The feasibility
study area currently includes the
Matilija Dam and the area immediately
upstream, and downstream of the dam
to the Ventura River Estuary. The nonfederal sponsor of the feasibility study is the Ventura County Flood Control
District.

Matilija Dam was constructed in the
late 1940’s by Ventura County Flood
Control to provide water storage for
agricultural needs. Matilija Dam is a
concrete arch structure 190 feet in
height with an arc length of 620 feet at
its crest. Sediment carried by Matilija
Creek has deposited behind the dam
and filled the reservoir, rendering the
structure useless as a water storage
facility. It is estimated that 6,000,000
cubic yards of sediment lies trapped
behind the dam.

The dam no longer provides any flood
control protection due to sedimentation
behind the dam. There is some
continued water supply use. The Casitas
Municipal Water District currently
operates the dam under a lease
agreement from the County of Ventura,
which expires in 2009. The operation is
an integral part of the Robles/Casitas
Reservoir water supply facilities and is
estimated to currently contribute
approximately 400 acre-feet of water per
year. This water function, however, is
projected to diminish rapidly as the
reservoir continues to fill with
sediments, and is expected to effectively
cease by 2010 after the reservoir fills
completely with sediment.

Presently, the dam is considered to be
a major contributor to the declining
numbers of steelhead trout in Matilija
Creek. If no action is taken to secure
passage for the steelhead trout to reach
the upper watershed and its tributaries,
the dam will continue to obstruct this
endangered species, thereby limiting the
amount of spawning and rearing habitat.

In addition, the dam would continue to
act as a barrier for wildlife movement
for other terrestrial and aquatic species.

3. Alternatives
The feasibility study will focus on
addressing the problems and needs
caused by Matilija Dam with the
primary objective of the feasibility study
being to restore the Matilija Creek
riverine ecosystem. Other objectives that
are considered appropriate may involve
possible beneficial use of the sediment
behind the dam for beach nourishment
or other environmental restoration.

In general, alternative plans will
investigate reasonable alternatives to
restore Matilija Creek, primarily by
removing Matilija Dam. Feasible
alternatives for the removal of sediment
behind the dam and the beneficial use
of that sediment will also be
investigated. Significant beneficial
impacts to the riverine ecosystem
(especially to steelhead trout) are
expected from restoration alternatives
identified in the feasibility study.

4. Scoping Process
Participation of all interested Federal,
State, and County agencies, groups with
environmental interests, and any
interested individuals are encouraged.

Public involvement will be most
beneficial and worthwhile in identifying
the scope of pertinent, significant
environmental issues to be addressed,
identifying and eliminating from
detailed study issues that are not
significant, offering useful information
such as published or unpublished data,
providing direct personal experience or
knowledge which informs decision
making, and recommending suitable
mitigation measures to offset potential
impacts from the proposed action or
alternatives.
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935 829
United States Department of the Interior

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Ecological Services
Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office
2730 Loker Avenue West
Carlsbad, California 92008
In Reply Refer To:

FWS-OR-2620. l
Colonel Richard G. Thompson
District Engineer, Los Angeles District
U.S. Anny Corps of Engineers
911 Wilshire Boulevard
Los Angeles, California 90017
Attn: Larry Smith, Environmental Resources Branch
MAR 1 2 2002
Re: Request for Information on Endangered, Threatened, Proposed, and Candidate Species for the San Clemente Shoreline Feasibility Study, Orange County, California (FP/COE100) Dear Colonel Thompson:

The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has reviewed your request dated December 3, 2001, and received by our office January 2, 2002, to assess the potential for federally listed, proposed, and candidate species that may occur within the vicinity of the San Clemente Shoreline Feasibility Study, Orange County. To assist you in evaluating the potential occurrence of these species within the area of interest, we are providing the enclosed list, which identifies federally listed endangered, threatened, and proposed species that occur in the general region.

Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (Act) of 1973, as amended, requires Federal agencies to consult with us, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, should it be determined that their actions may affect federally listed threatened or endangered species. Section 9 of the Act prohibits the "take" (e.g., harm, harassment, pursuit, injury, kill) of federally listed wildlife. "Harm" is further defined to include habitat modification or degradation where it kills or injures wildlife by impairing essential behavioral patterns including breeding, feeding, or sheltering. Take incidental to otherwise lawful activities can be authorized under sections 7 (Federal consultations) and 10 (habitat conservation plans) of the Act.

If a proposed project is authorized, funded, or carried out by a Federal agency and may affect a listed species, then the Federal agency must consult with us on behalf of the applicant, pursuant to section 7 of the Act. In other words, any activity on private land that requires Federal involvement (such as the issuance of a section 404 permit under the Clean Water Act by the U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers) and may affect listed species must be reviewed by us to insure that the continued existence of the species would not be jeopardized. During the section 7 process, measures to avoid and minimize project effects to listed species and their habitat will be 936 830
Colonel Richard G. Thompson (FvVS-OR-2620.1)
identified and incorporated into a biological opinion that includes an incidental take statement that authorizes incidental take by the Federal agency and applicant. 2 If a proposed project does not involve a Federal agency, but is likely to result in the take of a listed animal species, then the landowner or project proponent should apply for an incidental take permit, pursuant to section 10 of the Act. When an application is made for an incidental take permit, measures to avoid, minimize, or mitigate for effects to listed species and their habitat will be identified and incorporated into a habitat conservation plan. If the habitat conservation plan and the application for the permit meet the issuance criteria, a permit authorizing incidental take is issued.

We do not have site-specific information for this area. Therefore, we recommend that project proponents seek assistance from a biologist familiar with the habitat conditions and associated species in and around their project site to assess the actual potential for direct, indirect and cumulative impacts likely to result from the proposed activity.

In addition to the organisms specified on the enclosed list, we are also concerned for the following habitat community types that could potentially occur in the area and are becoming more rare. These include riparian, coastal sage scrub, freshwater marsh, salt marsh, and aquatic communities.

Please contact the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) for State-listed and other sensitive species that may occur in the area of the project. State-listed species are protected under the provisions of the California Endangered Species Act. Rare plant species that may occur in the project area are included in the California Native Plant Society's (CNPS) inventory of rare and endangered vascular plants in California. State-listed and CNPS species require full consideration under the California Environmental Quality Act. The Natural Diversity Data Base of CDFG should also be contacted for a list of taxa that are known to occur in the project vicinity.

Should you have any questions regarding the species list provided, or your responsibilities under the Act, please contact John Hanlon, Chief, Branch of Federal Projects, at (760) 431-9440.

Sincerely,
A~~c:fau_
Karen
~ A Evans
Assistant Field Supervisor
Enclosure
937 831
. I - '
Colone] Richard G. Thompson (FWS-OR-2620.l)
Federally Endangered, Threatened, Proposed,
and Candidate Species that May Occu..- in the Area of the San Clemente Shoreline Feasibility Study
Common Name
FISH
Tidewater goby
Southern .~teelhead
BIRDS
Brown pelican
Ca]ifor.nia least tern
Western snowy plover

MAMMALS
Pacific pocket mouse
Orange County, California
Scientific Name
Eucyclogobius newberryi
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Pelecanus occidentalis
Stema antillarwn browni
Charadrius alexandrinus nivasus
Perognathus longimembris-pacificus
FE= Listed as a Federal endangered species
FT= Listed as a Federal threatened species
Status
FE
FE
FE
FE
FT
FE
3 THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
938 832
1 San Clemente Shoreline Protection
Agency Kick-Off Meeting Notes
16 October 2007

1.0 Purpose
To introduce agency contacts to the project team and project purpose.

2.0 Location
San Clemente Community Center, 100 N. Calle Seville San Clemente, CA 92672

3.0 Meeting Attendees:

Name Company/Agency Contact Info
Noel Davis Chambers Group 949-261-5414
[email protected]
Lisa Louie Chambers Group 949-261-5414
[email protected]
Tom Keeney USACE, Los Angeles 213-452-3857
[email protected]
Jim Kelly USFWS 760-431-9440 x362
[email protected]
Jennifer Pettis NMFS 562-980-4046
[email protected]
Bill Poznokas (CDFG) was unable to attend.

Anthony Spina (NMFS-steelhead) indicated via e-mail 15 October 2007 that there are no steelhead issues for this project and no coordination is required.

4.0 Meeting summary
Meeting start time: 10:00 a.m.
• Project Introduction
• City of San Clemente is local sponsor.
• Project has been scaled down to include Reach 6 (reach surrounding pier) only. • Project is strictly nourishment only.
o To be placed on beach, not in nearshore.
o Other structural models showed a cost higher than the benefit. o Sand to come from regulated borrow site from Oceanside. • Managed retreat not feasible without railroad involvement. • Railroad does not want to participate in project.
• Recreation cannot be a benefit - protection of the pier structure provides justification for project; cannot include national defense railroad as justification. 939 833
2 • Baseline conditions (F3) were originally completed for 10 reaches, Chambers Group to update for one reach only.
• Currently preparing alternatives and analysis document (F4), reviewing different scales of alternatives.
• Nourishment typically occurs during winter – should avoid any biological seasons.
• Environmental Issue Areas
• Biological
o Plovers and terns – no known nest sites.
o No onshore vegetation will be impacted.
o Need to know disposal sites in relation to sensitive resources. o Surfgrass – flowering plant that provides shelter for juvenile fish - grows in buundles – harder to restore than eelgrass – pre/post-construction surveys and mitigation like eelgrass – follow eelgrass guidelines.
o Map pipeline placement to avoid sensitive habitat.
o Terns, plovers, pelicans.
o Abalone, macroinvertebrates.
• Recreation
o Sand castle building event
o Surfing at T-street
• Air Quality
o Dredge analysis
o Previously analyzed?
• Next step
Send agencies copy of baseline information ASAP.
Send agencies copy of CRM biological report.
Define project description for alternatives.
Determine POC for CCC, Corps Regulatory, and RWQCB.
• Future actions
Final CAR in Mar/Apr 2008
Prepare NEPA and CEQA document.

End time: 11:15 a.m.
940 834
1 San Clemente Shoreline Protection
CDFG Kick-off Meeting Notes
15 May 2008

1.0 Purpose
To introduce CDFG to the project team and project purpose.

2.0 Location
San Clemente Community Development Department, 910 Calle Negocio, San Clemente, CA 92673

3.0 Meeting Attendees:

Name Company/Agency Contact Info
Noel Davis Chambers Group 949-261-5414
[email protected]
Lisa Louie Chambers Group 949-261-5414
[email protected]
Tom Keeney USACE, Los Angeles 213-452-3857
[email protected]
Joe Johnson USACE, Los Angeles 213-452-3829
[email protected]
Tom Bonigut City of San Clemente 949-361-6187
[email protected]
Loni Adams CDFG 858-627-3985
[email protected]
Jim Kelley (USFWS) and Bryant Chesney (NOAA Fisheries) were provided a late notice invitation, but were unable to attend.

4.0 Meeting summary
Meeting start time: 2:20 p.m.
• Project Introduction
• City of San Clemente is local sponsor.
• Project is strictly nourishment only.
o To be placed on beach, not in nearshore.
o 30 m (~511,000 cy) alternative preferred over other beach widths. Shorter beach widths would equate to a smaller impact area. o Sand to come from regulated borrow site from Oceanside. • Recreation cannot be a benefit - protection of the pier structure provides justification for project; cannot include national defense railroad as justification. 941 835
2 • Baseline conditions (F3) were completed for project reach (surrounding San Clemente Pier) only.
• Currently, alternatives and analysis document (F4) under internal review at USACE.
• Nourishment would occur sometime between late Aug/Sep through mid-Mar – would avoid any environmental seasons for biological resources of concern. • Environmental Issue Areas
• Biological
o Snowy plovers and least terns – no known nest sites onsite. o No onshore vegetation will be impacted.
o Habitat type onsite not conducive to amphibians.
o Need to know disposal sites in relation to sensitive resources. Potential resources at Linda Lane and footbridge?
o Surfgrass – March 2008 surveys – 3 methods of survey [walk beach, SCUBA dive, free-dive (masks and fins)] shows surfgrass just outside of estimated project boundary (well outside of construction boundary). o Map pipeline placement to avoid sensitive habitat.
o Exposed rocks south of pier – potential pinniped haulout? need to investigate
lined up at Riviera
o Terns, plovers, brown pelicans (proposed delisting), macroinvertebrates, grunion.
• Water Quality
o SWPPP
o Proposed project is designed to decrease turbidity behind a berm before introduced to wave action
o Turbidity expected in areas that are already turbid (surfzone) • Next step
Send CDFG copy of CRM biological report.
• Future actions
Public review of draft report anticipated to be distributed in Oct/Nov 2008.

End time: 3:30 p.m.
942 836
1 San Clemente Shoreline Protection
CDFG Kick-off Meeting Notes
16 December 2008

1.0 Purpose
To update the resource agencies on the project status.

2.0 Location
Chambers Group, Inc., Irvine Office, 17671 Cowan Ave., Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92614

3.0 Meeting Attendees:

Name Company/Agency Contact Info
Tom Keeney USACE, Los Angeles 213-452-3857
[email protected]
Jennifer Wise USFWS 760-431-9440 x276
[email protected]
Bryant Chesney NOAA Fisheries (562) 980-4037
[email protected]
Loni Adams CDFG 858-627-3985
[email protected]
Lisa Louie Chambers Group 949-261-5414
[email protected]
Noel Davis Chambers Group 949-261-5414
[email protected]

4.0 Meeting summary
Meeting start time: 11:00 p.m.
• Project Background
• City of San Clemente is local sponsor.
• Project is strictly nourishment only.
o To be placed on beach, not in nearshore.
o 20 m (~511,000 cy) alternative preferred over other beach widths. Shorter beach widths would equate to a smaller impact area. o Sand to come from regulated borrow site from Oceanside. • Recreation cannot be a benefit - protection of the pier structure provides justification for project; cannot include national defense railroad as justification. • Baseline conditions (F3) were completed for project reach (surrounding San Clemente Pier) only.
• Alternatives and analysis document (F4) reviewed internally by USACE.

However, engineering still working on coastal modeling to include sea level rise 943 837
2 analysis, which should be available by the end of January. Accuracy of predictive modeling is same as comparative modeling.
• Nourishment would occur sometime between late Aug/Sep through mid-Mar – would avoid any environmental seasons for biological resources of concern (e.g., grunion).
• Project currently shows 1.3 B/C (benefits to cost) ratio • Effects Section and Concerns
• Based on littoral and cross drift for any sand replenishment – used same littoral cell as Oceanside as a comparison.
• Mariposa is too far for impacts by beach fill.
• Surfgrass mitigation – potential habitat added (shallow artificial reef at depthor contribute to protected area).
• Encinitas minimized risk by reducing volume placement • Policy statement criteria for state – looking in terms of wetland restoration • Surfgrass – covered and uncovered – what is considered significant? • Contingency plan is required surfgrass – nothing is provided from first event, but would alter future events, dependent upon results
• Facilities are a concern, however project cannot include railroad or recreation as benefits
• Concern with mitigation at a later date if mitigation cannot be agreed upon. • Removal of surfgrass concern – it takes a long time to come back and small patches may be missed (polygon does not show transect lines). • Require formal monitoring plan?
o No future replenishment is scheduled until an agreement is reached o Mitigation alternative – protect another surfgrass area – is there widescale surfgrass mapping available?
o Mapped habitat type vs. plants
o MLPA process – mitigate for surfgrass
• Other species of interest?
o No plover or tern concerns
o Outside of grunion season
• EFH write-up
o Need to address all habitat types – species and lifestage impacted/potentially impacted.
o Stand alone document or make clear reference
• Recurring language – no impact within natural variation – no impact is a concern – need to identify individual impacts.
• Next step
• Meet again when coastal modeling has been completed and new analysis considered.
944 838
1 San Clemente Shoreline Protection
CDFG Kick-off Meeting Notes
16 July 2009

1.0 Purpose
To update the resource agencies on the project status and present new project alternatives and descriptions.

2.0 Location
Chambers Group, Inc., Irvine Office, 17671 Cowan Ave., Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92614

3.0 Meeting Attendees:

Name Company/Agency Contact Info
Tom Keeney USACE, Los Angeles 213-452-3857
[email protected]
Jennifer Wise USFWS 760-431-9440 x276
[email protected]
Loni Adams CDFG 858-627-3985
[email protected]
Lisa Louie Chambers Group 949-261-5414
[email protected]
Noel Davis Chambers Group 949-261-5414
[email protected]
Bryant Chesney (NOAA Fisheries) was provided a late notice invitation, but was unable to attend.

4.0 Meeting summary
Meeting start time: 10:30 a.m.
• Actions Since Last Meeting
• NED plan is the most economically beneficial alternative based on benefits to cost (B/C) ratio
• Sea level rise was not previously considered and the coastal engineering report was revised to reflect the changes
• Previous environmental effects/analyses were based on the results of the 2007 coastal engineering modeling effort and report.
• Revised 2009 coastal engineering report now identifies different coastal impacts, which results in different environmental impacts than the 2007 report. • Modeling considered beach widths at 5m increments between 10m and 35m. The 35m alternative was identified as the NED plan. The 10m and 15m beach widths 945 839
2 demonstrated negligible differences in B/C ratios and equilibrium footprints; the 15m beach width was chosen over the 10m alternative because the same area would be impacted, but the 15m would require less replenishment cycles than the 10m while providing the same positive B/C ratio.
• Updated Project Descriptions
• Project now has two action alternatives being considered: 15m beach width and 35m beach width – these alternatives represent the resultant dry beach width. • The construction footprint (i.e., the project area where sand is directly placed onto the beach) for the 15m alternative is 23m and the construction footprint for the 35m alternative is 52m.
• During the equilibration time, the wave action on the beach is expected to disperse the sand that has been placed onto the beach into the equilibrium footprint (i.e., the footprint where sand that has been placed onto the beach is predicted to ultimately end up). The equilibrium footprint was not provided in the 2007 coastal engineering report. The equilibrium footprint of the 35m alternative is greater than that of the 15m alternative. See attached figure. • Sand will be dredged from the Oceanside borrow site and hauled to San Clemente where the material will be pumped to the beach via a pipeline. The pipeline would be moored to the seafloor and the material would be pumped onto the beach as a slurry and placed landward of a 200ft L-shaped berm created by pushing existing sand into the appropriate shape. The long arm of the L would be along the water’s edge and the short arm of the L would face inland. This berm construction is intended to decrease turbidity by allowing the sand to settle out of the slurry while the seawater drains back to the ocean. Dry sand is then pushed towards the ocean to increase the beach width until the designated beach width is reached. Sand is placed behind this L-shaped berm until the designated beach width is reached. A new 200ft long L-shaped berm is then constructed in the next segment over and the process repeated. Similar project methods currently in construction at Sunset.
• The pipeline from the dredge would not be dragged across the ocean floor when moving to the next L-shaped berm. An extension to the pipeline will be added on the dry portion of the beach. Also, the pipeline laydown area will be surveyed for biological resources first before recommending the laydown route. • Earliest this project would start would be 2010. Anticipated start in 2012.

Requires local sponsor funds and Congressional authorization. • New Surfgrass Survey
• A recent surfgrass survey was conducted to include the entire Project footprint (i.e., construction and equilibrium footprint).
• The kelp bed immediately seaward of the end of the pier was mapped. The reef had giant kelp, feather boa kelp, surfgrass, and gorgonians. • The area was mainly scattered relief/bedrock along the coastline. Surfgrass in the area was sparse and scattered. Density of surfgrass highest at T-Street reef. Red algae and bare patches were prevalent.
946 840
3 • Environmental Effects
• The 15 m alternative would potentially degrade the inshore edge of the surfgrass bed at T-street reef and some burial of smaller rocks would be expected. • Modeling typically is more conservative than what’s seen in monitoring (e.g., SANDAG, Solana/Encinitas), usually because of random conditions that may occur in any particular year.
• Conditions of the 15m are comparable to SANDAG.
• Surfgrass and surfing will be monitored. Adaptive management will determine if changing conditions result in decision not to replenish or modify replenishment.

Cycle of replenishment of every 4-5 years is based on the predicted erosion rate occurring every ear and bringing the beach to 0m.
• Sand sources have disappeared from our littoral system, especially after the El Ninos from the 80s and 90s, where sand was speculated to have been taken out and dropped into the submarine canyons; that sand would not come back. Dams and development also have diminished sand replenishment via natural processes. • Evaluation of project effects considering extreme sea level rise is not practical (replenishment events would require over 800,000 cy of sand). If an extreme sea level rise event were to occur, there would be more to take into consideration that potentially would be at risk than the considerations of this project and would require a new project purpose and evaluation.
• Are there other methods to maintain sand on the beach once it’s been placed? o Structural methods typically are not acceptable by CCC. o Offshore breakwaters may be effective, however, not in this situation with the biological resources present.
o Structures require maintenance.
• Long-term monitoring of surfgrass is part of the project. Pre and post construction surveys are proposed for each replenishment activity for the life of the project (50 years). Monitoring is expected to be immediately prior to construction, immediately after construction, then 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after, then once every year for the next 4 years (total of 5 years of post construction monitoring). Need to determine if there are requirements for mitigation for degradation, but not removal of, surfgrass. Need to determine the criteria.

Surfgrass typically can withstand 1/3 blade length burial; may affect growth rate and shoot density.
• Question regarding whether Pismo clam beds are in the area (or any other invertebrates) – invertebrate surveys have not been conducted for the site. • Project will avoid grunion season. Project most likely will not start until the day after Labor Day.
• Outside of least tern season. No concerns with terns, pelicans, or plovers. • Mitigation and Monitoring Plan – will mitigate if monitoring shows the project doesn’t work and has significant impacts.
• Need to determine if beach maintenance/raking occurs. Did not look at surfgrass/kelp wrack during walking survey.
947 841
4 • Next step
• Public review anticipated for November 2009.
• Internal review at Corps and outside District review (within Corps) will occur concurrently.
• Alternatives Formulation Briefing (AFB) meeting with the local sponsor and USACE HQ. They are allowed 2 months to provide comments. • Public review follows incorporation of comments from AFB. • Coordination Act Report (CAR) Final is required for Final Report. Draft CAR is not required with the Draft EIS/EIR.
• Report reviews will go through Center of Excellence (equivalent to science advisory board).
• Next step
• Meet again when coastal modeling has been completed and new analysis considered.

Meeting end time: 12:15 p.m.
948 842
1 San Clemente Shoreline Protection
CDFG Kick-off Meeting Notes
15 September 2009

1.0 Purpose
To update NOAA Fisheries on the project status and present new project alternatives and descriptions.

2.0 Location
Chambers Group, Inc., Santa Ana Office, 5 Hutton Centre Dr., Suite 750, Santa Ana, CA 92707

3.0 Meeting Attendees:

Name Company/Agency Contact Info
Tom Keeney USACE, Los Angeles 213-452-3857
[email protected]
Bryant Chesney NOAA Fisheries (562) 980-4037
[email protected]
Lisa Louie Chambers Group 949-261-5414 ext 7289
[email protected]
Noel Davis Chambers Group 949-261-5414 ext 7208
[email protected]

4.0 Meeting summary
Meeting start time: 10:20 a.m.
• Discussion
• Recent modeling still shows a positive benefit to cost ratio • Concern is that document is not explicit regarding the dollar value tied to mitigation
• A more developed contingency plan is preferred
• Recent studies at UCSB testing new surfgrass transplantation method o Sprig method – not plug method
• Would like to see a monitoring plan with criteria in draft EIS o External agency review
o MMRP – coastal monitoring for sand movement and surfgrass o Details still aren’t worked out for the monitoring plan for pre- and postmonitoring • CDFG and NOAA Fisheries will want to review detailed MMRP before finalized • Draft CAR most likely will not accompany the draft EIS 949 843
2 • Expect HQ review in October 2009 and Public Review in November 2009 • Consideration of random transects vs permanent transects or a hybrid of these methods
• Need to spell out contingency plan if impacts are observed o Impacts to reef
o Impacts based on coastal engineering report
• Currently, coastal modeling shows effects to reef will be minimal • Need to find reasonable potential for monitoring – a detailed restoration plan without knowing if or what needs to be restored or if it can be done • Consideration of adaptive management
o Are there contingency funds available?
for example, will the local sponsor be prepared to cost share $200 per month vs $500 per month
o public document needs to explicitly show possible plans • would like to quantify area of direct impact/burial vs indirect impact in acreages o x acres buried by y amount
o area of influence vs area of substantial burial
• not feasible to conduct nourishment in phases in one year due to mob/demobilization costs
• Surfgrass survey clarification
• Survey was by dive transects, except for kelp canopy, which was based on following a path
• Large substantial strands of surfgrass would have been found by this method • Possible to consider LIDAR or sidescan sonar for more comprehensive study of resources in area?
• Next step
• Public review anticipated for November 2009.
• Internal review at Corps and outside District review (within Corps) will occur concurrently.
• Alternatives Formulation Briefing (AFB) meeting with the local sponsor and USACE HQ. They are allowed 2 months to provide comments. • Public review follows incorporation of comments from AFB. • Coordination Act Report (CAR) Final is required for Final Report. Draft CAR is not required with the Draft EIS/EIR.
• Report reviews will go through Center of Excellence (equivalent to science advisory board).

Meeting end time: 11:15 a.m.
950 844
1 San Clemente Shoreline Protection
Agency Meeting Notes
30 April 2010

1.0 Purpose
To update the resource agencies on the project status and conduct a site visit.

2.0 Location
San Clemente Municipal Pier, 601 Avenida Victoria, San Clemente, CA 92672

3.0 Meeting Attendees:

Name Company/Agency Contact Info
Tom Keeney USACE, Los Angeles 213-452-3875
[email protected]
Jennifer Wise USFWS 760-431-9440 x276
[email protected]
Bryant Chesney NOAA Fisheries (562) 980-4037
[email protected]
Loni Adams CDFG 858-627-3985
[email protected]
Lisa Louie Chambers Group 949-261-5414 ext 7289
[email protected]
Noel Davis Chambers Group 949-261-5414 ext 7208
[email protected]

4.0 Meeting summary
Meeting start time: 10:30 a.m.
• Project Location
• Identified project boundaries along coast:
o Mariposa
o Linda Lane
o T-Street
• Updates Since Last Meeting
• Coastal engineering modeling was conducted by USACE. Sea level rise was considered in the analysis.
• Burial of surfgrass would occur regardless of the quantity of sand based on the current model, but the degree of burial (e.g., depth, areal coverage, persistence) varies depending 951 845
2 on the alternative chosen. The 15m alternative was chosen because it had the least amount of modeled impacts while still meeting the project object. • Proposed 15m plan chosen in an effort to reduce impacts to the extent possible while still having a project
• City of San Clemente would prefer to have 35m beach
• Mitigation and monitoring plan has been prepared, but not yet supplied to the resource agencies. Consideration of recent Santa Barbara surfgrass study was included. • Agency Requests
• Consideration of alternatives that will avoid the surf grass impacts that the 15m alternative poses (e.g., alternative locations of sand disposal). • Robust monitoring plan and contingency plan – including numbers o At a minimum, the monitoring plan needs to include mitigation for the expected surf grass burial impacts as well as a contingency for further impacts to surf grass and reef habitat, a plan for monitoring for actual surfgrass/reef impacts, and a plan for monitoring to ensure that you are in compliance with your proposed surf grass/reef habitat mitigation success criteria. Alternatively, a surf grass avoidance plan should be proposed if surf grass mitigation is determined to be infeasible. o CDFG expressed concern about the survey method and accurately determining the actual surfgrass burial impacts in the high energy waves of this area, specifically that it may be very difficult or essentially not possible.
• How will impacts be measured?
• Possible to survey for baseline trend?
• Explore ways to retain the proposed sand volume placed at this location to reduce the frequency of sand replenishment necessary in the future (e.g., submerged reef). • Was submerged reef considered as a potential alternative under NEPA? o No – local sponsor did not want to include “structures” as alternatives • Will the opportunistic sand project be included – no
• Most likely, NOAA Fisheries will come out with comment regarding full array of alternatives.
• Possible effects of El Nino events should be considered for the near future in the analysis. • Next step
• Will provide the agencies with:
o Most updated version of the EIS/EIR
o Current monitoring report appendix
o Current calculations of costs for monitoring and mitigation • Most answers to agency questions most likely would be answered by the Main Report prepared separately for this project.

Meeting end time: 11:35 a.m.

Photos attached
952 846
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954 848
955 849

PUBLIC MEETING
Environmental Impact Statement/ Environmental
Impact Report
BEFORE
for the
San Clemente
Shoreline Erosion Feasibility Study -
Beach Sand Nourishment Project
A presentation by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
AFTER

COASTAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEETING
AUGUST 19, 2010
San Clemente Community Development Building
910 Calle Negocio, South Entrance, 2nd Floor
7:00 p.m.

The Draft Environmental Impact Statement is available for review at the San Clemente Library (242 Avenida Del Mar) or online at: www.san-clemente.org . 956 850
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

SAN CLEMENTE SHORELINE FEASIBILITY STUDY

REQUEST TO SPEAK/WRITTEN COMMENT FORM
NAME/P/eo,ep,•;m): ,Jv,,J\L ~~ DO YOU WISH TO SPEAK ' AT THIS MEETING? l)ICYES □ NO DO YOU WISH TO PRIVATELY GIVE VERBAL COMMENTS TO A COURT REPORTER? □ YES □ NO ADDRESS (Street and N11mbe1):-'<--'----' 0=-_3_0'~_C,_D_(_b_______________________ _ CITY: .5&,,,,, C.--l~e. STATE: (A ZIPCODE: ---1-9-IC.1_,__6_7 ----!.4 ___ _ TELEPHONE NO.· q41q-l.{ "J [)..,, 'j /1 Q EMAIL ADDRESS: f'½[email protected](.H:~ J~. O~ FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THE STUDY, VISIT: http://www.san-clemente.org

REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOU PROVIDE VERBAL COMMENTS TODAY, IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO PROVIDE WRITTEN

COMMENTS ON THIS PROJECT, YOU MAY RESPOND BELOW AND SUBMIT THIS SHEET TO A CORPS REPRESENTATIVE OR WRITE TO THE CORPS BY SEPTEMBER 23, 2010 AT: U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, LOS ANGELES DISTRICT; PLANNING DIVISION; ATTN: THOMAS KEENEY, CESPL-PD; 915 WILSHIRE AVE; LOS ANGELES, CA 90017.

ALTERNATIVELY, YOU MAY EMAIL COMMENTS TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS: [email protected]

DATA REQUIRED BY THE PRIVACY ACT
AUTHORITY: 33 CFR 327
PRINCIPAL PURPOSE: Distributed at Public Meetings and Workshops to provide a record of attendees, and to develop a mailing list for future public meetings in keeping with the policy ofOCE to conduct Civil Works Program in an atmosphere of public understanding, trust and mutual cooperation. All interested individuals and agencies are to be informed and afforded an opportunity to be heard and their views considered in arriving at conclusions decisions, and recommendations in the fonnulation of civil works proposals, plans, projects, and on the proposed uses of navigable waters.

ROUNTINE USES: Utilized for determining attendance at Public Meetings· determining who desires to speak at Corps Public Meetings and developing mailing lists for various Corps studies.

DISCLOSURE: Voluntary. Failure to provide infonnation may result in not being contacted for future public meetings etc.

NAME (Please print):

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

SAN CLEMENTE SHORELINE FEASIBILITY STUDY

REQUEST TO SPEAK/WRITTEN COMMENT FORM
/Y\) ·K ~ 60-. 'f Y)e_s
DO YOU WISH TO SPEAK AT THIS MEETING? Y YES □ NO
DO YOU WISH TO PRIVATELY GIVE VERBAL COMMENTS TO A COURT REPORTER? □ YES JrNO ADDRESS (Street and Number): / 9 b W · /:) Y:t. Lo be>S. ,t;/)~--(7 Y') D--S.

CITY: :::>l..k.V-, C1e..-n-,e/)-k_ STATE: c__,£).... ZIPCODE: 9~ «, TELEPHONE NO.: q 1tj 1i 9CJ-? S'?y EMAIL ADDRESS: )'>')e-c,bo-..-<~ (2_ FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THE STUDY, VISIT: http://www.san-clemente.org <;. b ~,3 )obo.\ - ~ REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOU PROVIDE VERBAL COMMENTS TODAY, IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO PROVrDE WRITTEN

COMMENTS ON THIS PROJECT, YOU MAY RESPOND BELOW AND SUBMIT THIS SHEET TO A CORPS REPRESENTATIVE OR WRITE TO THE CORPS BY SEPTEMBER 23, 2010 AT: U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, LOS ANGELES DISTRICT; PLANNING DIVISION; ATTN: THOMAS KEENEY, CESPL-PD; 915 WILSHIRE AVE; LOS ANGELES, CA 90017.

AL TERNA TIVEL Y, YOU MAY EMAIL COMMENTS TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS: [email protected]

DATA REQ IRED BY THE PRIVACY ACT
AUTHORITY: 33 CFR 327
PRlt CIPAL P RPOSE: Distributed at Public Meetings and Workshops to provide a record of attendees, and to develop a mailing list for future public meetings in keeping with the policy ofOCE to conduct Civil Works Program in an atmosphere of public understanding, tmst and mutual cooperation. All interested individuals and agencies arc to be informed and afforded an opportunity to be heard and their views considered in arriving at conclusions, decisions, and recommendations in the fomrnlation of civil works proposals plans, projects, and on the proposed uses of navigable waters. ROU 'TINE SES: Utilized for detem1ining attendance at Public Meetings; detem1ining who desires to speak at Corps Public Meetings and developing mailing lists for various Corps studies.

DISCLOS RE: Voluntary. Failure to provide infonnation may result in not being contacted for future public meetings, etc. 957 851

COMMENTS

COMMENTS
958 852
NAME (Please print):

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

SAN CLEMENTE SHORELINE FEASIBILITY STUDY

REQUEST TO SPEAK/WRITTEN COMMENT FORM
DO YOU WISH TO SPEAK AT THIS MEETING? □ YES
DO YOU WISH TO PRJVATELY GIVE VERBAL COMMENTS TO A COURT REPORTER? □ YES G-NO A·DoREss /C' 1 N b I u _, A v ,, , * ~ £1 / /' ~· v 1~1reet anc. 11111 er):--'------"-----'---''-----'--~--~'----='----------------------- CITY: S'A-..._... C ,/..,~ ,- 17,,.., /'Z STATE; __ A-. __ _ ZIP CODE: _f __ -,_6 __ .,__ ____ _ TELEPHONE NO.· °J..:tf I 4 ~ ,:: - 2 -, EMAIL ADDRESS: ______________ _ FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THE STUDY, VISIT: http://www.san-clemente.org

REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOU PROVIDE VERBAL COMMENTS TODAY, IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO PROVIDE WRJTTEN

COMMENTS ON THIS PROJECT YOU MAY RESPOND BELOW AND SUBMIT THIS SHEET TO A CORPS REPRESENTATIVE OR WRITE TO THE CORPS BY SEPTEMBER 23, 2010 AT: U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGlNEERS, LOS ANGELES DISTRICT; PLANNING DIVISION; ATTN: THOMAS KEENEY, CESPL-PD; 915 WILSHfRE AVE; LOS ANGELES, CA 90017.

ALTERNATIVELY. YOU MAY EMAIL COMMENTS TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS: [email protected]

DATA REQUIRED BY THE PRIVACY ACT
AUTHORITY: 33 CFR 327
PRINCIPAL PURPOSE: Distributed at Public Meetings and Workshops to provide a record of attendees, and to develop a mailing list for future public meetings in keeping with the policy ofOCE to conduct Civil Works Program in an atmosphere of public understanding. trust and mutual cooperation. All interested individuals and agencies arc to be infom1ed and afforded an opportunity to be heard and their views considered in arriving al c nclu ions, decisions, and recommendations in the formulation of civil works proposals, plans, projects. and on the proposed uses of na igable waters.

ROU Tl E USES: tilized for determining attendance at Public Meetings: determining who desires to speak at Corps Public Meetings and developing mailing lists for various Corps stud ies.

DISCLOSURE: Voluntary. Failure to provide information may result i.n not being contacted tor 1i1ture public meetings. etc. 959 853

COMMENTS
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SIGN-IN SHEET
San Clemente Shoreline Feasibility Study Public Meeting of the Draft EIS August 19, 2010 - 910 Calle Negocio, San Clemente, CA 92673 Name Address Phone Email
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SIGN-IN SHEET
San Clemente Shoreline Feasibility Study Public Meeting of the Draft EIS August 19, 2010 - 910 Calle Negocio, San Clemente, CA 92673 Name Address Phone Email
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From:

To:

Subj:

Ref:

Encl :

UNITEP STATES MARINE CORPS

MARINE CORPS BASE
BOX 555015
CAMP PENDLETON CALIFORl~IA 92055 - 5015 IN REPLY REFER TO :
5090
ENVSEC / 513
SEP 1 5 r0i0
Commanding Officer, Marine Corps Base, Camp Pendleton CA District Engineer (Mr. Thomas W. Keeney, Pl anning
Division, Environmental Resources Branch), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District, P.O. Box 532 71 1 , Los Angeles, CA 90053 - 232 5

COMMENTS ON THE DRAFT JOINT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

STATEMENT / ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR THE SAN CLEMENTE

SHORELINE FEASIBILITY STUDY IN SAN CLEMENTE
(a} Los Angeles District Corps of Engineers Interested
Parties Letter of 6 August 2010
(1) MCB Camp Pendl eton Comments on the Draft Joi nt
Environmental Impact Statement/Envi ronmental Impact
Report for the San Clemente Shoreline Feasibility
Study in San Clemente
1 . In response to reference (a), MCB Camp Pendleton comments on the Draft Joint Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report for the San Clemente Shoreline Feasibility Study i n San Clemente are provided in enclosure (1) .

2. Point of contact for additional informati Mr. Ken
Quigley at (760) 725-9733 or kennaqui
D.F. LEVI
By direction
Copy to :

CG, MCIWest
963 857
MCB Camp Pendleton Comments on the Draft Joint Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report for the San Clemente Shoreline Feasibility Study in San Clemente.
l) General. The location of the proposed borrow site depicted in Figures 1.1-J, 1.3- 1 and throughout the DEIR/DEIS would be more accurately identified as located off Camp Pendleton since it is directly west of Camp Del Mar and the Del Mar Boat basin not the Oceanside Harbor area as currently stated.
2) General. The proposed borrow ite and transit routes appear to be in close proximity or through nautical restricted areas that exist in the vicinity of the Camp Del Mar area and further up the coast off Red Beach of Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton. The Coast Guard has listed and de cribed these restricted areas off Camp Pendleton in detail in their publication: Coast Pilot 7 in §334.900, §334.905 and §334.910. Regulations for these areas prohibit several activities including dredging and anchoring. As sites are in close proximity to the proposed borrow site the Draft EIS/EIR should incorporate some information regarding their exi tence and restrictions. 3) Page J-1 Study Area - the proposed borrow area is outside the described study area. Does it have its own study area? If so where is it addressed?
4) Page 3-1 Evaluation Criteria. Were any planning constraints considered for the impact caused by the dredging at the borrow ite7 Such as - ''Preserve water quality characteristics along the. coast and near shore areas in the vicinity of the borrow site" 5) Page 3-3 Beach Fill. Lines 27 and 28 states ''Beach nourishment may use offshore or onshore borrow sites. In the study _area, offshore sources have historically been used for several reasons.' Please indude the reasons for excluding on~hore borrow sites. 6) Page 3-9. Figure 3.4-1- Oceanside Borrow Site Map. Recommend that this graphic be changed to a Navigational Chart for more clarity of the borrow site s location. 7) Page 4-1 Affected Environment Since part of the project includes dredging m~terial at the borrow site. information on that location should be included in the Affected Environment Chapter. 8) Page 4-1 Meteorology and Air Quality needs to include discussions about San Diego Ail Pollution Control District (SDAPeD) since there will be emissions in that Air District. 9) Page 4-13 Water Quality. Sediments and Oceanography should discuss discharge in the vicinity of the borrow site.
10) Page 4-38 Biological Resources Lines 7 and 8 states - 'These sections describe biological resources found in the viciruty of the proposed beach fill and borrow ite areas along the San Clemente coastline." The proposed botTow site is along the Camp Pendleton/Oceatt5ide coastline.

Does this section cover that site or only the potential borrow site near San Clemente? Some sections like Page 4-45 lines 26-36 provide information on the proposed borrow site along the Camp Pendleton/Oceanside coastline and others like Table 4-14 focus only on the San Clemente site ignoring biological resources in the immediate vicinity of the proposed borrow site.

Enclosure ( 1
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MCB Camp Pendleton Comments on the Draft Joint Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report for the San-Clemente Shoreline Feasibility Study in San Clemente.
11) Table 4-14 Special Status Listed Species that May Occur in the San Clemente Pier or Oceanside Borrow Site Areas:
-Southern steelhead has also been found in the Santa Margarita River near the proposed borrow site.
-Western nowy plover nesting sites are located within about one mile of the proposed Oceanside borrow ite as such the "Potential For Occurrence in the Project Area" should be high.
-California le<1st tern nesting sites are located within about one mile of the proposed Oceanside borrow site as such the ''Potential For Occurrence in the Project Area" hould be high.
12) Page 4-51 Section 4.4.3.3 Steelhead Trout (Federal Endangered) - Southern steelhead has also been found in the Santa Margarita River near the proposed borrow ite. 13) Page 4-51 Section 4.4.3.5 California Least Tern (Federal and State Endangered)- Lines 3 & 4 Large number of California least tern nesting sites are located within about one mile of the proposed Oceanside borrow portion of the project area and are likely to forage at the proposed borrow site.
14) Page 4-51 Section 4.4.3.6 Western Snowy Plover (Federal Threatened) Line 37 & 38-The Santa Margarita River nesting site is located within about one mile of the proposed Oceanside borrow portion of the project area.
15) Page 4-57 Section 4.5 .2 Area of Potential Effects (APE) states "The offshore portion of the APE includes two offshore borrow sites, Areas 1 and 2. Area 1 is located southwest of the San Clemente Municipal Pier, and Area 2 is located off the coast of Ocean ide." Section 4.5.3 summarizes the archaeology within and adjacent to the southern California coa tline from Doheny State Beach to San Mateo Point. Where is the summary for Area 2 which is located off the coast of Camp Pendleton/Oceanside?
16) Page 4-64 Section 4.6.2 Vessel Transportation - Oceanside Harbor may be 20 miles from the San Clemente portion of the project area but it is within one mile of the Proposed Borrow Site.

The section . hould also address Marine Corps and Navy use of the area near and between the two portions of the project site and dredge/barge impacts on tho e uses. This may also be the p]ace to address the nautical restricted areas listed and described in the Coast Guard publication known as Coast Pilot 7 that are in the vicinity of the Camp Del Mar area (in addition to a 3rd restricted area located further up the coast off Red Beach). The planned borrow site for this project is located within the Camp Pendleton Amphibious Vehicle Training Area (CPA VT A), as noted on most nautical charts (extends approximately 5.5 miles out from the southern end of the Camp Pendleton/Oceanside Harbor n01th breakwater and north to just south of San Mateo point). While that should not be a problem and dredging operations would not be prevented off the southern coast of Camp Pendleton, nevertheless, advance coordination of any planned dredging operations in or near the CPA VTA is required. The Final EIR/EIS for this project should include a provision 2 Enclosure (1)
965 859
MCB Camp Pendleton Comments on the Draft Joint EnvironmentaJ Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report for the San Clemente Shoreline Feasibility Study in San Clemente.
that the dredging operator pre-coordinate all planned dredging and transport operations with Camp Pendleton. lf the Ba e is made aware of such offshore dredging operation and transport in advance, this activity can be incorporated into the Daily Training Schedule and efforts can be made to deconflict any potential Naval or Marine Corps amphibious training operations that may also be planned .in close proximity to the dredging site and throughout the CPAVTA. 17) Page 4-80 Section 4.9.1 Beaches - fails lo address Camp Pendleton and Oceanside beaches which are located within one mile of the proposed borrow site. 18) Page 4-81 Section 4.9.2 Annual Events - fails to address Camp Pendleton Del Mar Recreation Beach and Oceanside Harbor Events which are located within one mile of the proposed borrow site.
19) Page 5-1 Section 5-1 Air Quality and Meteorology - Where is the di cussion for emis ions within the SDAPCD?
20) Page 5-25 [mpact WR.-50-2: Would there be any potential impact from turbidity during dredging to southern steelhead attempting to enter the Santa Margarita River during the rainy season?
21) Page 5-35 Section 5.4 Biological Resources - Lines 25 & 26- with the discovery of southern steelhead in the Santa Margarita River its potentiaJ to occur in the project area (borrow site) is higher then identified in the draft EJS/EJR.
22 Page 5-45 - lmpact BR-115-1: A direct adverse effect on the population of a special status listed species or the loss or disturbance of important babitat for a listed species. Lines 34-36 - Western snowy plovers also breed on the beaches of Camp Pendleton near the Oceanside borrow area.
23) Page 5-52 Section 5.6 Ground and Vessel Transportation only talks about ground transportation impacts. There is nothing about impacts to ocean ve sel transportation. As noted earlier in Section 4.6.2 Vessel Transportation, the planned borrow site for this project is located within the Camp Pendleton Amphibiou Vehicle Training Area (CPAVTA and advance coordination of any planned dredging operations in or near the CPA VTA is required. lf Camp Pendleton is made aware of such offshore dredging operations and transport in advance, this activity can be incorporated into the Daily Training Schedule and efforts can be made to deconflict any potential Naval or Marine Corps amphibious training operations that may also be planned in close proximity to the dredging site and throughout the CPA VT A. 24) Page 5•60, Section 5.8 - Noise - What are the noise standards/criteria on shore in the vicinity of the borrow site? This would seem important to support the statement in lines 1 and 2 on page 5- 64, and 26 through 30 on page 5-67.
3 Enclosure (1
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MCB Camp Pendleton Comments on the Draft Joint Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report for the San Clemente Shoreline Feasibility Study in San Clemente.
25) Page 5-77, Section 5.11 - Public Health and Safety - Jt appears the planned borrow site for this project is located within the Camp Pendleton Amphibious Vehicle Training Area (CPA VT A), as noted on most nautical charts. While lhat should not be a problem and dredging operations would not be prevented off the southem coast of Camp Pendleton nevertheless, advance coordination of any planned dredging operations in or near the CPA VTA is strongly recommended. The Pinal ElR/EIS for this project should include a provision that the dredging operator pre-coordinate all planned dredging and transport operations with the Camp Pendleton Range Scheduling department in the Range Operations Division. If the Base is made aware of such offshore dredging operations and transport in advance, this activity can be incorporated into the Daily Training Schedule and efforts can be made to deconflict any potential Naval or Marine Corps amphibiou training operations that may also be planned in close proximity to the dredging site and throughout the CPAVTA.
26) Page 6.1 Description of Cumulative Projects - Why isn't the Oceanside Harbor Dredging project include in the Cumulative Impact Analysis since it is located within one mile of the borrow site?
27) Page 7-1 Section 7 .0 Environmental Commitments - Since the planned borrow site for this project is located within the Camp Pendleton Amphibious Vehicle Training Area (CPA VT A), as noted on most nautical charts the commitment that the dredging operator pre-coordinate all planned dredging and transport operations with Camp Pendleton should be added. If the Base is made aware of such offshore dredging operations and transport in advance, this activity can be incorporated into the Daily Training Schedule and efforts can be made to deconflict any potential Naval or Marine Corps amphibious training operations that may also be planned in close proximity to the dredging site and throughout the CPA VTA. 28) Page 9-3 Section 9.3.10 Other Agencies/Publi lnterest Groups -Coordination with MCB Camp Pendleton is required for all activity that takes place in the Camp Pendleton Amphibious V ebicle Training Area (CPA VTA). as noted on most nautical charts. 4 Enclosure (1
967 861

UNITED ST ATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

REGION IX
Thomas Keeney
Project Ecologist, Planning Division
U.S. Army USACE of Engineers
P.O. Box 532711
Los Angeles, California 92053-2325
75 Hawthorne Street
San Fran<.haco, CA 94105
September 20, 2010
Subject: Draft Environmental Impact Statement for San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project. Orange County California. (CEQ# 20100289)
Dear Mr. Keeney:

Toe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has reviewed the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project, (Project), Orange County California. Our revjew is provided pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the Council on Environmental Quality's NEPA Implementing Regulations ( 40 CFR 1500-1508), and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act. Our comments were also prepared fa accordance with the provisions of the Federal Guidelines promulgated at 40 CFR 230 uoder Section 404(b)(l) of the Clean Water Act (CW A).

EPA recognizes the need to protect our shorelines and supports efforts to minimize erosion. We recommend that the Purpose and Need for this project be expanded to include preservation of the natural environmental features in and out of the water, as well as recreational activities currently favored in the area. BP A believes that consideration of additional alternatives is necessary to demonstrate compliance with the CW A Section 404(b)(l) Guidelines and authorization of the LED PA.

Based on our review of the Proposed Project 50 foot beach width alternative, we have rated the DEIS as Environmental Concerns - Insufficient Infomiation (EC-2) (see enclosed "Summary of Rating Definitions"), due to our concerns regarding air quality. impacts to waters of the United States (WUS), biological resources, the source and quality of beach nourishment materials, and climate change. The project's nitrogen oxide (NO,c_) emissions exceed the conformity threshold. Prior to completing the Final EIS, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) should either revise the project so that the emissions no longer exceed the threshold, or complete a conformity detennination for the project. Whichever the case, EPA is ready to coordinate with the USACE to avoid project delays. To clarify a point of apparent confusion, off-site mitigation (or offsets) may be jocluded in a conformity determination, but should not be considered in an analysis to determine the applicability of conformity. We are also concerned that the DEIS includes a monitoring plan to assess nourishment needs yet fails to adequately address monitoring or mitigating plans in the context of environmental impacts from fill activities such as loss of surf grass and water quality. 968 862
EPA encourages the US ACE to include in the Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) the results of a comprehensive biological survey of the San Clemente shoreline. Without such a survey, it is difficult, if not impossible, to accurately evaluate the environmental impacts of the proposed action.

The DEIS states that offshore dredging would be required for the beach fill alternative.

EPA encourages the USACE to explore all options to obtain beach nourishment material, including opportunities to use dredged material produced from other USA CE projects on the California coast.
fu light of climate change and rising sea level, EPA questions the viability of a plan to place sand on a.beach over a 50-year period. Reconsideration of the 50 year timeline associated with this project may be necessary to reflect the lifespan of the beach. EPA recognizes the project location is already in a bigb flood risk area.

We appreciate the opportunity to review this DEIS. When the FEIS is released for public review, please send one hard copy and two CD ROMs to the address above (mail code: CED-2).

If you have any questions, please contact James Munson. the lead reviewer for this project, at (415) 972-3800 or [email protected]. or me at (415) 972-3521.

Enclosures:

Summary of EPA Rating Definitions
Detailed Comments
Cc:

Bryant Chesney, NOAA
Jennifer Wise, USFWS
Looi Adams, CDFG
Kathleen M. Goforth, ger
Environmental Review Office
2 969 863

EPA'S DETAILED COMMENTS ON DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (DEIS) SAN CLEMENTE SHORELINE PROTECTION PROJECT, ORANGE COUNTY CALIFORNIA. (CEQ# 20100289) September 20, 2010
Project Purpose and Need

Page 2 ends

erosion that results from winter storms and to prevent damage to adjacent beachfront structures, including the heavily used rail line". However, the DEIS does not clearly demonstrate whether placement would be a "beneficial use" at the proposed location through the rebuilding of an eroding beach. The DEIS section on the relationship between the sediment budget and long-term shoreline change does not appear to support that the beach is eroding. For example, the DEIS states that the "resultant sediment budget indicates the shoreline is essentially in balance between erosion and accretion" (see Section 4.3.4.3). The table on shoreline change also demonstrates that the shoreline has varied between eroding, accreting, and balanced (see Table 4-10) with the maximum erosion rate of minus 2 feet/year at T-street.

The sediment budget and the long-term shoreline change studies referenced on DEIS p. 4-36 conflict with the more recent studies cited on DEIS p. 4-35 that appear to support the downward trend of beach width _in the project location. However, according to the DEIS, it has been eight years since the last study, the most recent beach width being measured in 2002 (Table

4.3-6). Due to the time elapsed, the high variability of beach width in the past, and the appearance of conflicting information with the historical and long-term analyses, we recommend that the FEIS include the results of more recent beach width monitoring in the project location.

Other project purposes include protection of railroad infrastructure from wave erosion.

Section 4.6.1.2 of the DEIS states that the Orange County Transportation Authority has placed "riprap along the most critical segment between North Beach and the Marine Safety Building to decrease wave erosion impacts"; however much ofthis segment is not within the project footprint, and the project area south of the Marine Safety Building has no protecting riprap. The FEIS should address why the project area south of the Marine Safety Building has no protecting riprap. If this area is not considered part of the "critical segment", the FEIS should explain the purpose and need of including the area in the project.

Recommendations:

The FEIS should include an analysis of all existing data to clearly demonstrate a net loss of sediment deposition over the project area, and that local beach profiles show the effects of such erosion and thus are in need of replenishment. The FEIS should also provide clarification of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' (USACE) anticipated erosion rate of 12.8 feet per year (see Section 3.4.2.5) and why this rate is higher than historical erosion rates (-2 ft/year at T-street). For additional clarity, we also recommend that the sediment budget (Table 4-9) and long-term shoreline change (Table 4.3-6) sections include a map and description of the sampling stations, as well as a depiction of shoreline change during each of the represented periods.
1 970 864
·•i··· .,_ • -" Th~FEIS 'sb,~nlld 'fn~hlde int>re 1¢:ortji')Jibp oh,.tfi'e l)Tati6na1 Seqm,ityJss_µ,e:i'surt~µrtqj.h_g ~if:~w~f~; t1:~9kJ9s·s_~ 0 rai1road :~~Ja¢,e~~-td t~e·pioJ&:t: are~I 'Pa~e 4-<65'ot tik)S~rs::·s~~it'b~f t~e"UeJ?artl!1~~t ·of p~~~n_se:Juis,:4~sig1w{~d_-tl)i~ ~ng~t;.t1f-W~-as ~-Sfrat~~ic'";Rail;Coqidor.'.with . :gt~t ~t~c?-P,~~ to,;~atlpgal'P~errs~~ FfQ?,'_¢:xe:r:,l\tne,inf9.~ti(!1;h'1$ giv~µ ·(~~ar~i'ii.~--~9~_.pr- - wg.e~;,P1fs~dt?ter'ftli.~atio1;1. wa~. made~,'! e'fnot~(tnat :thi::-F¢deral ,ailro~d Adrajni&tr~ti9rl Pted\ ~ ". -' . ~ityi_i~~eµ~,Jhl.p_~cf-S t~tem,~Cii_t in -~()OT:(;Firi~ 'Prqgr~ E~virqnmb~~al\~P'!Cf:§tat~m~t f6t; . , ~:9$:SAN;tLo~"~gete~Jci:Satf Diego Prppo~~dJ~.:aff Goiridofln\pro~em~ijts' iµ·th~$l~t¢· of: _ .- . · cfaiitf qx:rii~/(0E~ :i.OO%Q~65)) chl.ling:fdr.t'h~;:r~loc.afi61.1.-ofthe:ItbS&AN ra;i1t6ad; a~a§ from :the •• •• - - •~ • '" ,!'., ,,+ t• \. r~";. I~ , , ,I, . oll, - '•I\ '1~ . - ,i _. ' ' I _,, •, • , I • ._,__; , , I ~h¢te1i~e)vi~_h_pl~~t.6~E-: ~ne~ l:iAe-,adfa~~pt;t() ftlter~tat~,-5: -~_,-., • ·.-.- .,.· :·:< ." \,< • :, . .x; -~::'.l/~•-,·_: :' 1;/ ~'-:';_it·,,~:·::·:::\,::':~;/' i-:.', : '/, ,, .. ,\ .. "_ ... : ~~-: . 1\. ,< .. :·, ,. • '.. \ .. ~-.. ,,.·"-~ -~ __ '. --. --~· ... L~·~>;~:: ~i'. _.,. •-::~,,~/ • ·,;, ..... :;.1 R.ec:ommenda(jqrt.; ._._ ., ,. .- .- , •. ,_ .- . . . . ,, , . .·. - ,_. , ,,_ - . .., 'Tut -~IS {p.~ul'(i 1P:clud~ Jhe T~s~1ts 6f;consultati~ti -WJtq}he J?ep~~ni;~(:q~f¢nse: to 'en:Stire .tqat all pr6je.cf.~tematl ves;1ru:-e-c01fs'is,tent with:current National Sec'1rifY:-policy.

Alternatives Analysis
The DEIS includes a no-action alternative and two action alternatives. The two action alternatives include nourishment of the same linear project area but with different beach widths, (50 feet and 115 feet). While the proposed project (50 feet width option) would have fewer impacts from fill activity than the 115 feet alternative, both alternatives would have similar adverse environmental and recreational impacts in the same linear project areas.

Recommendation:

The FEIS should include, at a minimum, an additional alternative that reduces the amount of linear project footprint. EPA suggests that an alternative excluding fill south of the Marine Safety Building may meet the needs of the project whi1e greatly reducing adverse .impacts to surfing, coral reefs, and surf grass. The FEIS alternatives analysis should include a reasonable range of practicable alternatives that meet the project purpose and demonstrate the project's compliance with the CW A Section 404(b)(1) Guidelines and selection of the Least Environmentally Damaging Practicable Alternative LEDPA.

Air Quality
General Conformity
EPA is concerned that applicability of the general conformity program has not been appropriately addressed in the DEIS. The project area is in Orange County, California. This county is part of a larger area that is not meeting federal air quality standards for ozone. The DEIS states that "The area may request a higher classification" (DEIS Vol. 2 p. 12). Io fact, the area was reclassified to extreme nonattainment for the 1997 ozone national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) on June 4, 2010. For this reason, the area now has a lower applicability threshold for general conformity. The DEIS is not clear that the applicability threshold used for analysis was 25 tons per year (tpy); however. we believe this to be the case, and want to clarify that the required threshold for analysis is 10 tpy. For more information go to:
http://www.epa gov/oagpsOO 1/ green bk/ gfr2rpt2. html. 2 971 865
Recommendation:

The FEIS should state clearly that the general conformity threshold is 10 tpy. Provide the results of the General Conformity applicaqility analysis to indicate whether the preferred alternative is above or below this de minimis level. If it is over de minimis, indicate the method that will be used to demonstrate that the project conforms to the applicable state implementation plan (SIP) fo[ the area.

Air Quality Analysis
The DEIS reports that the project will have no long-term impacts and a temporary shortterm adverse impact to air quality, but does not comprehensively assess the Project's operational and construction direct, indirect, or cumulative impacts to air quality. The FEIS should include a complete description of potential impacts and ways to reduce those impacts. In particular, EPA bas concerns regarding the apparent lack of both an air quality impact assessment of fill placement, and a staging area plan that minimizes exposures to sensitive receptors and residents.

Construction Mitigation Measures
EPA commends USACE for incorporating mitigation strategies to reduce or minimize air pollutant, pavingJ and fugitive dust emissions. However, in addition to idling restrictions, proper maintenance of equipment, and the selection of construction equipment based on low emission factors, this Project should incorporate more stringent emission controls for PM and ozone precursors for construction•related activity.

Recommendations:

Due to the serious. nature of the particulate matter of 10 microns or less (PM10) and PM2.s conditions in the South Coast Air Basin, EPA recommends that the best available control measures (BACM) for these pollutants be implemented at all times and that the FEIS and ROD incorporate the Construction Emissions Mitigation Plan. We recommend that all applicable requirements under the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rules and the following additional measures be incorporated into the Construction Emissions Mitigation Plan.

Fugitive Dust Source Controls:
• Stabilize open storage piles and disturbed areas by covering and/or applying water or chemical/organic dust palliative where appropriate. This applies to both inactive and active sites. during workdays, weekends, holidays, and windy conditions.
• Install wind fencing, and phase grading operations, where appropriate, and operate water trucks for stabilization of surfaces under windy conditions. • When hauling material and operating non-earthmoving equipment, prevent spillage, and limit speeds to J 5 miles per hour (mph). Limit speed of earthmoving equipment to 10 mph.

Mobile and Stationary Source Controls:
3 972 866
• Reduce use, trips, and unnecessary idling from heavy equipment. • Maintain and tune engines per manufacturer's specifications to perfonn at California Air Resources Board (CARB) and/or EPA certification, where applicable, levels and to perform at verified standards applicable to retrofit technologies. Employ periodic, unscheduled inspections to limit unnecessary idling and to ensure that construction equipment is properly maintained, tuned, and modified consistent with established specifications. CARB has a number of mobile source anti-idling requirements. See their website at:
http://www.arb.ca,gov/msprog/truck-idlin g/truck-idling.htm • Prohibit any tampering with engines and require continuing adherence to manufacturer's recommendations
• If practicable, lease new, clean equipment meeting the most stringent of applicable Federal or State Standards. In general, only Tier 2 or newer engines should be employed in the construction phase.
• Utilize EPA-registered particulate traps and other appropriate controls where suitable, to reduce emissions of diesel particulate matter and other pollutants at the construction site.

Administrative controls:
• Identify all commitments to reduce construction emissions and incorporate these reductions into the air quality analysis to reflect additional air quality improvements that would result from adopting specific air quality measures. • Identify where implementation of mitigation measures is rejected based on economic infeasibility.
• Prepare an inventory of all equipment prior to construction, and identify the suitability of add-on emission controls for each piece of equipment before groundbreaking. (Suitability of control devices is based on: whether there is reduced nonnal availability of the construction equipment due to increased downtime and/or power output, whether there may be significant damage caused to the construction equipment engine, or whether there may be a sjgniflcant risk to nearby workers or the public.) Meet CARB diesel fuel requirement for off-road and on-highway (i.e., 15 ppm), and where appropriate use alternative fuels such as natural gas and electric. • Develop construction traffic and parking management plan that minintizes traffic interference and maintains traffic flow.
• Identify sensitive receptors in the project area, such as children, elderly, and infirm, and specify the means by which you will minimize impacts to these populations. For example, locate construction equipment and staging zones away from sensitive receptors and fresh air intakes to buildings and ait conditioners.

Air Quality Impacts Associated with Transporting Fill Material 4 973 867
EPA is concerned that the air quality analysis in the DEIS does not include emissions associated with the multiple collection barge trips needed to remove and transport fill from the project site nor does the DEIS appear to include estimates of the number of necessary collection barge trips, distance traveled, and corresponding air emissions.

Recommendations;
The FEIS should include a revised air quality analysis and updated emissions comparison to SCAQMD significance thresholds to account for the emissions from the equipment required to transport fill. The FEIS should also commit to additional minimization measures for these emissions.

Water Resources
Although a CW A Section 404 permit is- not needed for the proposed action, the project must be in compliance with the CWA Section 404(b)(l) Guidelines. Also, the FEIS and ROD will serve as the basis for future permits that will be needed for maintenance of beach nourishment. Under the proposed action, sand replenishment will have to be done every five or six years to restore the design beach width and those actions may need a permit.

While the project will have impacts to high value marine habitats, inclu<ling special aquatic sites (defined at40 CFR230.3(q-l)), the Section 404(b)(l) Alternatives Analysis (Appendix: A) concludes that all impacts are localized and temporary, and therefore, insignificant. There is no discussion of the basis for this conclusion.

As a result of the large volumes of sand being placed on receiver beaches, the proposed project could lead to significant and unavoidable adverse impacts on surface water quality and fisheries from increased turbidity and fill in special aquatic sites. Other short- and long-term threats to water quality include construction-related containments such as oil and hydraulic fluid and increased turbidity that would occur during the future, associated maintenance activities for the proposed project.

Recommendations:

The FEIS should include a comprehensive biological survey of the San Clemente shoreline.

The FEIS should address the potential of the project to contribute to elevated turbidity levels. The USACE should consider marine design modifications regarding factors such as location and size, to minimize these environmental impacts.

Additional minimization measures for impacts to the aquatic environment should be discussed in the FEIS. Minimization measures include timing and rate of fill placement.

The USACE should commit to placement in fall or winter to better mimic natural shoreline turbidity processes and reduce impacts during high recreational use times, and to develop debris management plans to ensure that the borrow site materials do not deposit trash, or other debris that may be harmful to the ocean environment. 5 974 868
Source & Quality of Beach Nourishment Materials
The DEIS briefly considers sources of sand such as onshore and offshore borrow sites ( DEIS p. 3-3); however, it then goes on to state, "for this project offshore dredging would be required". Any opportunities for further minimizing impacts to the aquatic environment by using sand from other USACE permitted projects, or using sources from which the dredging might provide enhancement of environmental, navigational, or recreational conditions should be discussed in the FEIS.

We note that the chemical testing of the sediments in the proposed Oceanside borrow pjt occurred several years ago. Due to this lapse of time, additional testing may be necessary. The DEIS did not describe the initial sampling scheme (depth of cores, how many cores) nor whether the cores went down to anticipated dredging depth. Additionally, the table did not provide a chemical reference sample along a beach transect at the proposed receiving site.

The DEIS provides insufficient discussion of the regulatory approval process of material for testing. A Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) for tiered testing, pursuant to the Inland Testing Manual should be required for each placement within the beach nourishment program.

The SAP should examine the source material and the receiver site sediments and address tiered testing requirements (including grain size and the need for other testing) and be reviewed by the USACE, USEPA, Coastal Commission. and the RWQCB for concurrence prior to any sampling of the materials. All SAP's and approvals should be reviewed by the interagency dredging group run by the Los Angeles USACE s District (SC-DMMT).

Recommendation:

The USACE should evaluate and discuss in the FEIS the opportunity to coordinate with other projects that may produce suitable material for beach nourishment purposes. The ROD should include a commitment to consideration of opportunistic sources of beach nourishment material prior to each nourishment cycle.·
The discussion of the chemical testing of the proposed Oceanside borrow site should be expanded in the FEIS to include pertinent information such as core depth and number of samples.

Tue FEIS should also describe, and the ROD should commit, to project review through an interagency regulatory approval process (i.e. SC-DMMT) to ensure that the sediments are suitable for ocean placement.

Biological Quality Surveys and Monitoring
We acknowledge the USACE commitment to a 50 year monitoring period (over the life of the project). As discussed in the DEIS, surveys and monitoring have typically been incorporated into beach nourishment projects. The document cites the San Diego Association of Governments' (SANDAG) "monitoring data that suggest the San Clemente fill will erode on average at a rate of 12.8 feet per year (3.9 rn/yr)", (p. 3-18). To counter this erosion, the DEIS states that proposed project monitoring would be required to assess replenishment schedules. 6 975 869
However, the document does not sufficiently discuss a biological monitoring plan. This information should be included in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed action in protecting biological diversity/quality.

The monitoring plan should include pre- and post-project dive surveys and benthic community sampling of the borrow site and the receiver site to ensure that each benthic community returns to its pre-project density and structure.

We stress that any monitoring should have appropriate adaptive management to ensure minimal impacts to aquatic resources. The Coastal Sediment Management Workgroup is currently preparing a document outlining practices to minimize impacts to aquatic resources. The adaptive management process should allow for incorporation of these practices and associated principles and any other developments in regional sediment management over the life of the project.

Recommendation:

The FEIS should include a detailed description of a survey/monitoring program for the biological impacts of the Proposed Project, and commit to its incorporation as a required project element. The monitoring program should have a clear adaptive management strategy to ensure that the aquatic environment is protected.

Endangered Species
The DEIS insufficiently evaluates the potential impacts to endangered species. For example, the document states, "No proposed or endangered species are expected to be present on the site" (DEIS p.A-10). The basis for this statement is unclear due to the lack of a complete shoreline biological survey.

Recommendation:

The FEIS should include a comprehensive biological survey of the entire project area as well as the borrow site, including a complete review of species that may be affected by the project. The results of consultation with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), if appropriate, regarding threatened or endangered species or critical habitat should be included in the FEIS. Beach nourishment activities should avoid the nesting seasons for listed species, such as the least tern.

Cumulative Impacts
Given that the Project will take place over the next 50 years, the FEIS should include a comprehensive list of other projects in the area that are under construction or planned within that time frame, such as ecosystem restoration opportunities at San Elijo Lagoon, and related cumulative impacts. The DEIS states, "most of the sediment from the project is expected to accumulate on down coast beaches" (p.6-4). The feasibility of periodically replenishing beaches should be analyzed and incorporated in plans for future growth. An analysis of how future 7 976 870
projects, in conjunction with the proposed Project, may cumulatively impact the health of the affected resources should be addressed in this section.

Recommendation:

The FEIS should include a comprehensive discussion of all types of reasonably foreseeable projects that may take place in the area during the construction period, such as the LOSSAN Proposed Rail Corridor Improvements, the San Elijo Lagoon restoration, and others, and predict the cumulative impacts on affected resources.

Climate Change
Current research estimates that climate change could cause sea level rise and change the amount, timing, and intensity of rain and storm events. The Pacific Institute has created maps estimating flood risk due to sea level rise in the San Clemente Shoreline area; to see the map go to: hnp://www.pacinst.org/reports/sea level rise/hazmaps/San Clemente.pdf Recommendation:

The FEIS should describe and evaluate projected climate change consequences such as sea level rise, frequency of high intensity storms, and amplified rain events; their effects on the beaches~ and how these effects could change re-nourishment plans for the San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project.

Executive Order 11988: Floodplain Management
Per Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM). portions of the project footprint may be in a Zone VE Coastal Flood Zone with velocity hazard with a established base flood elevation (BFE). See FIRM#: 06059C0536J Orange Co Unioc & Inc Areas 12/03/2009. Executive Order 11988 Floodplain Management requires federal agencies to avoid. to the extent possible, the long and short-term adverse impacts associated with the occupancy and modification of floodplains.

For more information go to:
http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/floodplain/nfipkey:words/zone ve.shtm.

Recommendation:

The FEIS should discuss any impacts that the Proposed Project may have on the potential for flooding.
8 977 871
Thomas Keeney
Project Ecologist, Planning Division
U.S. Am1y Corps of Engineers- SPL
P.O. Box 532711
Los Angeles, Califon1ia 92053-2325
Dear Mr. Keeney:

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NATIONAL MARINE FISHEFIIES SERVICE
Southwest Region
501 West Ocean Boulevard, Suite 4200
Long Beach. California 90802-4213
SEP 2 0 2010
NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has reviewed the U.S. Anny Corps of Engineers (Corps) Draft Joint Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report (DEIS) for the San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project. NMFS offers the following comments pursuant to section 305(b)(4)(A) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA), National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Endangered Species Act (ESA), Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMP A), and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (FWCA).

Proposed Action
Two scales of beach fill alternatives were analyzed; they both consist of dredging material from offshore Oceanside, then hauling and placing it at San Clemente Beach.

For purposes of the essential ·fish habitat (EFH) consultation, the proposed action is nourishment of 3,412 feet of beach with a + 17 foot benn crest elevation and a width of 50 feet. Approximately 251,130 cubic yards (192,000 m3) of sediment will be dredged from the Oceanside offshore borrow site to supply nourishment activities. Sediment will be transported to the receiver site using a hopper dredge and mooring buoy. The sediment will be placed on the beach between Linda Lane and T ~street. Construction is anticipated to begin in 2012 but may begin as soon as 2010. Similar re-nourishment events would occur approximately every six years, dependent upon monitoring results and funding availability.

National Environmental Policy Act Comments
Affected Area
The DEIS should elaborate on the quantity of habitat affected by the proposed action.

For example, the acreage of benthic habitat affected by dredging operations should be provided. Similarly, the estimated area affected by sediment placement should be provided. This estimate should account for both direct impacts associated with sediment 978 872
2 placement and indirect impacts associated with the equilib1ium footprint. In addition, the estimated rates and depth ofburial within the equilibrium footprint should beprovided.

Submerged Reef Alternative
The objectives of the proposed project are to 1) reduce storm-related damages to public and private properties and 2) enhance and maintain beach recreation and associated economic tourism benefits. The DEIS also identified a number of planning constraints that inform the evaluation criteria for the various alternatives. These constraints are 1) preserve the nearshore ecosystem that supports commercial lobster and fishing industries and snorkeling activities; 2) preserve the opportunities for surfing; 3) preserve critical habitat that supports listed species; 4) preserve water quality characteristics; 5) preserve cu1tural and historical features; and 6) preserve air quality conditions. The DEIS then incorporated the objectives and constraints of the project into the following evaluation criteria: addresses purpose and need, technical feasibility, economic feasibility, environmental impacts, and public acceptability.

Of the alternatives identified, NMFS believes additional analysis of the submerged reef alternative is warranted. Moreover, additional justification should be provided for the comparisons and conclusions made for the varying alternatives, as summarized in Table 3-1 . NMFS is aware of initial planning efforts in Ventura County (i.e. Oil Piers) and northern San Diego County (i.e: Fletcher Cove) to evaluate the application of submerged reefs for beach protection and other benefits. The initial documents prepared for these projects support the potential feasibility of this approach. Moreover, submerged reefs provide additional habitat benefits and, if designed properly, may improve surfing conditions.

According to a report developed for the Corps planning process for the Oil Piers Ventura County project, studies ofbenefits associated with the construction of multi-purpose reefs at various locations around the world have all shown significant benefit/cost ratios.

The lowest was approximately 20: l for a small reef in Bournemouth, UK, to over 60: 1 for the Narrowneck reef on the Gold Coast, Australia. A recent report for a multipurpose reef in Wellington, New Zealand, estimated a conservative benefit to cost ratio of24 ;1.

Although NMFS does not believe submerged reefs are a panacea for erosion control, they may impede erosion at local scales. They minimize many negative aspects of other erosion control methods and have the potential to benefit ecosystems, tourists and local communities. Thus, NMFS believes this alternative warrants further discussion and evaluation in the DEIS.
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3 Analysis
Balancing Ecosystem Services
The proposed project involves some inherent trade-offs. Protection of existing infrastructure and maintaining recreational opportunities associated with beach usage are obvious ecosystem services that may be provided by this project. However, repeated beach fill projects may have an environmental cost to various natural resources ( e,g. surf grass, rocky reefs, intertidal and shallow subtidal invertebrate assemblages, fishery resources). These costs need to be incorporated into the analysis to ensure the benefit to cost ratio is not skewed. Prior to the commitment of federal resources, a clear evaluation should be provided that examines the expected costs over the long-term. Without such an analysisi it would be difficult to accurately predict whether the proposed project would be in the public's best interest.

Adequacy of Monitoring Studies
Peterson and Bishop (2005) reviewed 46 beach monitoring studies and showed that 1) only 11 percent of the studies controlled for both natural spatial and temporal variation in their analyses; 2) 56 percent reached conclusions that were not adequately supported; and 3) 49 percent failed to meet publication standards for citation and synthesis of related work. They opined that regulatory and resource agency practices are in urgent need of reform as the risk of cumulative impacts grows in the face of sea level rise, climate change, and increased coastal development. NMFS notes that, with the exception of one project from the 1970s, all the studies that were reviewed were on the Atlantic or Gulf coastlines. Thus, their results may not be directly applicable to projects implemented in Southern California. However, NMFS shares the concerns expressed by the authors that the presumption that nourishment projects are ecologically benign may be based upon an incomplete and flawed body of science. If previous monitoring results in Southern California are to be used as support for conclusions that impacts to biological resources are minor and/or insignificant, NMFS believes a more rigorous examination of their sampling design, statistical analyses, and conclusions are necessary.

Cumulative Impact Analysis
The cumulative impact analysis does not include the opportunistic program that has recently been pe1mitted by Corps Regulatory Division (SPL-2004-00838-JPL). This is a 5-year opportunistic beach nourishment program to place a maximum of 300,000 cubic yards of sediment per year on four different sites within the coastal zone of the City of San Clemente. This project would use opportunistic fill sources and cover a maximum of 29 acres of tidal habitat. The disposal sites include one at North Beach, one at Linda Lane, and two at T-Street. In addition, a stockpile site is proposed near the intersection of A venido Pico and El Camino Road. Given the spatial overlap and proximity, NMFS believes this program should be evaluated within the cumulative impact analysis. 980 874
4 In addition, the DEIS should evaluate how climate change may affect the frequency of nomishment events. Sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of storms, and increased wave height are expected climate change impacts that may exacerbate existing beach erosion rates and may increase the frequency of nourishment events. These may all affect the fate of sediment placed for beach nourishment purposes and subsequent movements into the nearshore environment and should, thus, be considered in the cumulative impact analysis.

Environmental Commitments
Section 7 of the DEIS identifies a variety of environmental commitments for the proposed action. However, no commitments are provided to address biological resources. NMFS recommends that this section be amended to include mitigation measures for biological resources.

Endangered Species Act Comments
Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA; see 16 U.S.C. § 1536(a)(2))requires federal agencies to consult with the Secretary of Commerce and/or the Secretary of the Interior to insure that ''any action authorized, funded, or carried out by such agency . .. is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered species or threatened species .. . ," See also 50 C.F.R. part 400.

In Section 4 of the Joint DEIS/DEIR, the following ESA-listed species were described as having the potential to occur in the nearshore waters off San Clemente and Oceanside, CA: Guadalupe fur seal (Arctocephalus townsendi), b1ue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), fin whale (B. physalus), humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), northern right whale (Eubalaena glacialis), sei whale (B, borealis), spenn whale (Physeter macrocephalus), loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta), green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), Pacific olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), leatherback sea turt1e (Dermochelys coriacea), and white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni). Black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) was listed as endangered under the ESA on January 14, 2009 (74 FR 1937) and should also be included as having the potential to occur in the project area.
[f the Corps determines that their proposed project may affect any ESA-listed species tmder NMFS' jurisdiction, including whales, seals, sea lions, abalone and sea turtles, the Corps should request concun-ence from NMFS.

Marine Mammal Protection Act Comments
Whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, and sea lions are protected under the MMP A. See 16 U .S.C. § 1361 et seq. Under the MMP A, it is generally illegal to "take" a marine mammal without prior authorization from NMFS. "Take" is defined as harassing, hunting, capturing, or killing, or attempting to harass, hunt, capture, or kill any marine mammal. Except with respect to military readiness activities and certain scientific 981 875
5 research conducted by, or on behalf of, the Federal Government, "harassment" is defined as any act of pursuit, torment, or annoyance which has the potential to injure a marine mammal in the wild, or has the potential to disturb a marine mammal in the wild by causing disruption of behavioral patterns, including, but not limited to, migration, breathing, nursing, breeding, feeding, or sheltering.

Harassment of marine mammals may occur if hauled animals flush the haul out site and/or move out of the immediate aquatic area to increase their distance from dredgingrelated activities, such as noise associated with the dredging, presence of workers, or unfamiliar activity in proximity to a haul out site. The measured sound exposure levels of a clamshell dredge may range between 75-88 dBA (re 20 µPa) at 50 feet. Animals have been observed flushing from haul out sites at a sound exposure level of less than 100 dBA, and it is possible that marine mammals may modify their behavior as a result of the noise produced by the dredging operations. NMFS recommends including detailed information on the expected impacts that dredging will or will not have on marine mammals.

The DEIS/EIR indicated that it is expected that marine mammals in the vicinity of the project area, specifically gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus), would be expected to avoid the immediate vicinity of the dredging area, and that the turbidity plumes from the project would have an adverse impact on bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Please note the definition of a "take" under the MMP A and that the rapid exit from the project area could be considered harassment under the MMP A In addition, avoidance is not considered a mitigation measure to reduce impacts to marine mammals should the action cause harassment and animals avoid the project area. Please provide more detail as to why the turbidity plumes would have an adverse impact on bottlenose dolphins. Based on the information provided in the DEIS/EIR regarding the potential take of marine mammals, it may be necessary to receive authorization from NMFS under the MMP A for this proposed project.

Magnuson-Stevens Fisherv Conservation and Management Act Comments Action Area
The proposed project occurs within EFH for various federally managed fish species within Coastal Pelagic Species, Pacific Groundfish Species, and Highly Migratory Species Fis11ery Management Plans (FMPs). In addition, the project occurs within areas designated as habitat areas of particular concern (HAPC) for various federally managed fish species within the Pacific Groundfish FMP. HAPC are described in the regulations as subsets of EFH which are rare, particularly susceptible to human-induced degradation, especially ecologically important, or located in an enviromnentally stressed area.

Designated HAPC are not afforded any additional regulatory protection under MSA; however, federal projects with potential adverse impacts to HAPC will be more carefully scrutinized during the consultation process. As defined in the Pacific Groundfish FMP, San Clemente contains the following types of HAPC: surf grass, rocky reef and canopy kelp.
982 876
6 Figure 4.4-2 depicts the observed surf grass in relationship to the dive transects, expected impact area (i.e. equilibrium footprint), and kelp habitat. Scattered surfgrass amongst boulders have been observed in the northern portion of the Linda Lane impact area.

More extensive rocky reef and surf grass habitat occur in the southern portion of the impact area at T-street. The survey information provided does not delineate areal extent of rocky reef and surf grass within the impact area. Appendix B estimated the T-street reef to be 5 acres. No quantification of area and/or coverage was provided for the scattered boulders and surfgrass habitat. Rocky intertidal and more expansive subtidal rocky reef and associated kelp habitat exists in areas immediately adjacent to the expected impact area.

Effects of the Action
Based on information provided in the EFH assessment and developed during consultation, NMFS concludes that proposed action would adversely affect EFH for various federally managed species within Coastal Pelagics Species, Highly Migratory Species, and Pacific Groundfish FMPs. Dredging will disturb benthic organisms within the project footprint via direct removal or indirect mortality from an associated turbidity plume. Sediment from the beach fill project will be redistributed by wave and tidal energy onto nearshore areas, which may bury rocky reef habitat, surfgrass habitat, and benthic organisms that serve as prey for a variety of fishery species. In addition, turbidity generated from the beach fill will adversely affect the light regime in the immediate nearshore area, which may reduce the quality and/or quantity of surf grass and kelp habitat.

Surf grass habitat is likely to be impacted by beach nourishment and shoreline protection projects that place sand either directly or indirectly onto surf grass beds (Craig et al 2008). As described in the 404(b )(1) Guidelines, the discharge of dredged or fill material may reduce the value of vegetated shallows as nesting, spawning, nursery, cover, and forage areas, as well as their value in protecting shorelines from erosion and wave actions. In addition, the primary productivity of the system would be reduced if impacts were to occur. Surf grasses exhibit late successiona1 traits, recover very slowly from disturbance, require facilitation from algae before settling, and are strong competitors (Turner 1985). Removal of surf grass from a rocky reef community has profound impacts to community structure (Turner 1985). Thus, surfgrass h&bitat is largely determined by patterns of disturbance. Repeated beach nourishment efforts likely will increase this rate of disturbance to these systems. Slow recovery times suggest that disturbances to these communities may be ecologically significant.

The DEIS acknowledges that some burial will occur and that the inshore areas of the impact area will be most affected by burial. However, the DEIS asserts that the proposed action will not result in a long-term net loss in habitat value of surfgrass. In addition, it states that the proposed project will have no significant adverse effects on special aquatic sites. NMFS does not believe these conclusions are adequately supported by the analysis. 983 877
7 Previous predictions ofbmial associated with placement of 175,000 cubic yards were described in the DEIS that indicated an estimated maximum 1 foot burial of surfgrass for less than six months. Short term burial at depths of 0.8 feet exhibited a statistically significant decline in shoot count within a laboratory setting (Craig et al, 2008).

Furthermore, the DEIS indicates that some portions of surf grass habitat within the equilibrium footprint already exhibit some burial. Thus, the additive impact associated with this beach fill project may exacerbate existing conditions for surf grass habitat.

Based upon the above and that the proposed project involves approximately 40% more sediment than previous predictions, NlVIFS believes the proposed project would reduce the quality of surfgrass habitat in the project vicinity. Given the uncertainties associated with modeling, there is also a real potential for reductions in the quantity of surf grass habitat.

Galst and Anderson (2008) have suggested that surf grass is important for nearshore fish communities and reductions in surfgrass could negatively affect recruitment patterns.

Specifically, experimental reductions in coverage of seagrass (ranging from 7 to 180 square meters) resulted in significant decreases in the density of newly recruited fish species. Similarly, NMFS expects reductions in coverage and/or density may reduce other ecological services provided by surfgrass, such as primary productivity\ substrate for epibiota, and wave energy dissipation.

To date, NMFS is unaware of any comprehensive survey to delineate surf grass and rocky reef in the project area. According to Appendix B of the DEIS, which describes a biological resources monitoring program, the general area of the T-street reef is approximately 5 acres. Appendix B further states that potential burial of the inshore edge ofT-street is uncertain, but, if it were to occur, it would be expected to occur in the approximately 20 percent inshore edge of the T-street reef area. Scattered patches of rocky reef and surf grass may also exist in other areas of the footprint, but no estimates are given to quantify the extent of the impact. Given the lack of detailed habitat characterization and uncertainty associated with burial predictions, it is difficult to estimate the quantity of surf grass habitat that may be affected.

Hard-bottom habitats, such as rocky reefs, are present within and adjacent to the project area. These hard-bottom habitats provide substrate for a diversity of algae and invertebrate species~ which are utilized by a number of different fish species. Many organisms adapted to rocky reef habitats are highly susceptible to burial and/or sediment scour. Thus, burial and/or increased scour may diminish the eco1ogica1 functions provided by rocky reefs. Some increased level of burial and/or scour is expected to occur to rocky reef areas within the equilibrium footprint. However, the DEIS suggests that the proposed action will have only minor transitory effects, but acknowledges that unforeseen impacts may occur and that resource monitoring is appropriate. Significant burial is not expected in the rocky intertidal areas near Mariposa Point or the more extensive subtidal rocky reefs and kelp habitat found near Mariposa Point and immediately offshore (approximately 1,000 to 1,300 feet from the beach) of the estimated impact area.
984 878
8 The proposed project will increase turbidity within the project area due to dredging and beach fill operations. Based upon monitoring conducted at another dredging operation in Oceanside, the estimated average down coast distance of the turbidity plume was between 272 and 329 feet. Turbidity monitoring of a hopper dredge operation for a regional beach sand project indicated that plumes did not exceed 2,700 square yards (0.56 acres). Construction monitoring during a regional beach sand project indicated that turbidity phlmes ranged between 2,640 and 10,000 feet and were largely confined to the surfzone, Beach nourishments create turbidity plumes, an area of water with a high concentration of suspended sediments that can last for days and cover habitats adjacent to the project site. Turbidity decreases light penetration and therefore has adverse effects on seagrass and canopy kelp habitats. These plants form the basis of highly productive systems and any losses would adversely affect nearshore EFH. In addition, turbidity plumes may alter fish behavior. Many fishes will likely disperse away from the turbidity plume as fine particulates can clog gill rakers and decreased visibility can make foraging more difficult. Sessile, filter feeding invertebrates may experience mortality, as suspended sediments can clog feeding apparatus.

Impacts to rocky reef, surfgrass, and/or kelp habitat may also occur if anchor moorings and/or the slurry pipeline were placed on these sensitive habitats. The DEIS indicates that placement of moorings and pipelines shall avoid these sensitive habitats. However, a more detailed and comprehensive habitat survey should be conducted to properly delineate the areas to avoid.

California grnnion (Leuresthes tenuis) spawn on sandy beach habitats throughout the Southern California Bight every year from March to August. On full and new moons, eggs are deposited in the sand above the high tide line sho1ily after spring high tides.

Two weeks later, corresponding with spring high tides, larval grunion hatch from eggs and return to the water. Beach nourishment can cause mortality by burying developing eggs. Heavy machinery and other disturbances during construction could also kill developing or juvenile grunion. However, the proposed project would not impact grunion spawning because it has committed to occur outside the grunion spawning season of March to August.

EFH Conservation Recommendations
As described in the above effects analysis, NMFS has dete1mined that the proposed action would adversely affect EFH for various federally managed fish species within the Coastal Pelagics, Highly Migratory Species, and Pacific Groundfish FMPs. Therefore, pursuant to section 305(b )(4 )(A) of the MSA1 NMFS offers the following EFH conservation recommendations to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or otherwise offset the adverse effects to EFH.
1) Given the high ecological values associated with surf grass and rocky reef habitat, NMFS believes unavoidable reductions in quantity and/or quality of these habitats should be addressed via compensatory mitigation. The Corps and project sponsor should develop a contingency mitigation plan in 985 879
9 consultation with NMFS and other interested agencies prior to the record of decision for the proposed project.

The contingency mitigation plan should be based upon a reasonable estimate of potential impacts to rocky reef and surf grass habitat. This estimate should be developed and agreed upon by Corps, NMFS, and other interested agencies prior to the record of decision for the proposed project. This estimate may then be used as the basis for detennining the approximate cost of implementing a mitigation project and should be incorporated into the benefit to cost ratio of the proposed project. In addition, the estimated cost can serve as the basis for providing financial assurances that will ensure a high level of confidence that the compensatory mitigation project will be completed if impacts are observed. a. The Corps and/or the project partner should include in-kind surfgrass restoration, establishment, and/or enhancement as part of the mitigation plan.

According to the 2008 mitigation rule, compensatory mitigation is defined as the restoration (re-establishment or rehabilitation), establishment ( creation), enhancement, and/or in certain circumstances preservation of aquatic resources for the purposes of offsetting unavoidable adverse impacts which remain after all appropriate and practicable avoidance and minimization has been achieved. The rule suggests that compensation for unavoidable impacts to difficult to replace (DTR) resources ( e.g. bogs, fens,. springs, streams, etc.) should be provided through in-kind rehabilitation, enhancement or preservation. Given the slow recovery time and the difficulties associated with restoring this habitat, NMFS believes that surfgrass should be considered a DTR resource. Therefore, NMFS believes the Corps and/or the project partner should include in-kind surf grass restoration or establishment as part of the mitigation plan. b. Given the uncertainty associated with surfgrass mitigation success, the Corps and/or the project partner should develop a contingency plan should surfgrass mitigation efforts fail.

Based upon discussions with the Corps, kelp mitigation may be the most appropriate out~of-kind approach if in-kind mitigation does not yield positive results. Therefore, the Corps and/or the project partner should design an artificial reef capable of supporting kelp habitat that would offset siniilar ecological functions that were lost due to surf grass impacts. c. The Corps and/or the project partner should coordinate with NMFS and other interested agencies to determine an appropriate mitigation ratio for impacts to surf grass and rocky reef habitat. 986 880
10 2) A scientifically defensible monitoring plan should be developed prior to a record of decision on the proposed project.

The purpose of the monitoring plan is to detect environmental impacts associated with the proposed project and serve as the basis for determining whether compensatory mitigation is appropriate. Results from the monitoring plan will inform the development of a final mitigation plan, which will be based upon the approach described in the contingency mitigation plan. The monitoring plan should be described in greater detail than the program cunently described in Appendix B. The sampling design and statistical analyses should be clearly described and should be based upon fundamental principles of statistical inference. This monitoring plan should be reviewed and approved by the Corps, NMFS, and other interested resource agencies prior to a record of decision. In addition, to ensure adequate scientific rigor, consideration should be given to involving an independent review by recognized, biostatistical experts.

Statutory Response Requirement
Please be advised that regulations at section 305(b)(4)(B) of the MSA and 50 CFR 600.920(k) of the MSA require your office to provide a written response to this letter within 30 days of its receipt and at least 10 days prior to final approval of the action. A preliminary response is acceptable if final action cannot be completed within 30 days.

Your final response must include a description of measures to be required to avoid, mitigate, or offset the adverse impacts of the activity. If your response is inconsistent with our EFH conservation recommendations, you must provide an explanation of the reasons for not implementing those recommendations. The reasons must include the scientific justification for any disagreements over the anticipated effects of the proposed action and the measures needed to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or offset such effects.

Supplemental Consultation
Pursuant to 50 CFR 600.920(1), the U.S. Anny Corps of Engineers must reinitiate EFH consultation with NMFS if the proposed action is substantially revised in a way that may adversely affect EFH, or if new information becomes available that affects the basis for NMFS' EFH conservation recommendations.

Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act Comments
The purpose of the FWCA is to ensure that wildlife conservation receives equal consideration, and is coordinated with other aspects of water resources development [16 U.S.C. 661 ]. The FWCA establishes a consultation requirement for federal departments and agencies that undertake any action that proposes to modify any stream or other body of water for any purpose, including navigation and drainage [16 U.S.C 662(a)]. Consistent with this consultation requirement, NMFS provides recommendations and comments to federal action agencies for the purpose of conserving fish and wildlife resources. The FWCA allows the 987 881
11 opportunity to offer recommendations for the conservation of species and habitats beyond those currently managed under MSA and ESA.

According to Subpart E Section 230.43 of the Section 404(b)(l) Guidelines for Specification of Disposal Sites for Dredged or Fill Material (404(b)(l) Guidelines), vegetated shallows are considered special aquatic sites (SAS). SAS are geographic areas, large or small, possessing special ecological characteristics of productivity, habitat, wildlife protection, or other important and easily disrupted ecological values. These areas are generally recognized as significantly influencing or positively contributing to the general overall environmental health or vitality of the entire ecosystem of a region. This status provides special consideration when evaluating actions involving dredged or fill material pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Vegetated shallows are defined as permanently inundated areas that under normal circumstances support communities of rooted aquatic vegetation. NMFS believes surfgrass should be considered a SAS and receive special consideration when evaluating actions involving discharge of dredged or fill material.

Surfgrasses are considered to be among the most productive seagrass systems on the planet (Ramirez~Garcia et al. 1998). Galst and Anderson (2008) indicate that surf grass beds serve as an important habitat for nearshore fishes, and the loss of surfgrass from disturbance has negative consequences for recruitment success.

Surf grass also serves as an important nursery habitat for a variety of invertebrates, such as California spiny lobster (Engle 1979, as cited in MPLA Initiative 2009), and as habitat for algae (Stewart and Myers 1980, as cjted in MLP A Initiative 2009). Shaw (1986) suggests that the importance of surf grass as a nursery for juvenile lobsters in southern California is clearly apparent and the disturbance or destruction of this habitat could seriously decrease lobster abundance. Surf grass is also important foraging habitat for the endangered green turtle on the Pacific side of the Baja Peninsula (Lopez-Mendilaharsu et al 2005). Although utilization of nearshore habitats in southern California is less understood, sub-populations of the endangered green turtle are known to utilize San Diego Bay and the Long Beach area for foraging. If surf grass serves a similar function in southern California, then adverse effects to surfgrass habitat may have a negative impact on habitat used by this listed species.

NMFS has determined that rocky reef and surf grass habitat may be negatively impacted by proposed project activities. As such, EFH Conservation Recommendations provided above also serve as FWCA recommendations to compensate for these negative impacts.

Please contact Mr. Bryant Chesney at (562)980-4037, or via email at [email protected] if you have any questions concerning this EFH consultation or require additional information. Please direct questions regarding marine mammals to Ms. Monica DeAngelis at (562)980-3232 or [email protected], questions regarding sea turtles to Ms. Christina Fahy at (562)980-4023 m 988 882
12 Chr:[email protected] and questions regarding abalone to Ms. Melissa Neuman at (562)980Al 15 or [email protected],
Robert S. Hoffinan
Assistant Regional Administrator
for Habitat Conservation
989 883
13 References
California Marine Life Protection Initiative. 2009. Regional Profile of the MLP A South Coast Study Region (Point Conception to the California-Mexico Border).

Castaneda-Fernandez de Lara, V., M. J. Butler, S. Hernandez-Vazquez, S. Guzman del Proo, and E. Servi ere-Zaragoza. 2005a. Detem1ination of preferred habitats of early benthic juvenile California spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus, on the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Marine and Freshwater Research 56: 1037-1045.

Castaneda-Fernandez de Lara, V., E. Serviere-Zaragoza, S. Hernandez-Vazquez, and M.

J. Butler. 2005b. Feeding ecology of juvenile spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus, on the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 39: 425-435.

Craig, C., S. Wylie-Echeverria, E. Carrington, and D. Shafer. 2008. Short-term sediment burial effects on the seagrass Phyllospadix scouleri. ERDC TN-EMRRP-EI-03.

Engle, J.M. 1979. Ecology and growth of juvenile California spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus (Randall). Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Southern California.

Galst, C.J. and T.W. Anderson. 2008. Fish-habitat associations and the role of disturbance in surfgrass beds. Marine Ecology Progress Series 365: 177-186.

Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M., S,C. Gardner, J.A. Seminoff, and R. Riosmena-Rodriguez. 2005. Identifying critical foraging habitats of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) along the Pacific coast of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 15: 259-269.

Peterson, C.H. and M.J. Bishop. 2005. Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Beach Nourishment. Bioscience 55: 887-896.

Ramirez-Garcia, P ., A. Lot, C.M. Duarte, J. Terrados, N.S.R. Agawin. 1998.

Bathymetric distribution, biomass and growth dynamics of intertidal Phyllospadix scouleri and Plzyllospadix torreyi in Baja California (Mexico). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 173 : 13-23.

Shaw, W. N. 1986. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates ( Pacific Southwest)--spiny lobster. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Biol. Rep. 82(11.47). U.S. Anny Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4. 10 pp.

Stewart, J.G, and B. Myers. 1980. Assemblages of algae and invertebrates in Southern California Phyllospadix-dominated intertidal habitats. Aquatic Botany 9:73-94. 990 884
14 Turner, T. 1985. Stability of rocky intertidal surfgrass beds: Persistence, preemption and recovery. Ecology; 66(1): 83-92.
991 885
SI AT f: m CAI IFORNIA

CA IFORNIA STATE LANDS COMMISSION
100 Howe Avenue, Suite 100-South
Sacramento CA 95825·8202
.&..
\...

September 15, 2010
Thomas W. Keeney
Project Ecologist, Planning Division
U S Army Corps of Engineers - SPL
P.O Box 532711
Los Angeles, CA 92053-2325
ARNOLD SCHWARZl:.NEGGE.R Governor
PAUL 0. THAYER, Executive Officer
(916) 574-1800 FAX (916) 574-1810
Calllomia Relay Serv/oe from TDD Phone 1·800·735-292S
from Vo,ce Phone 1-800-735-2922
Contact Phone: (916) 574-1880
Contact FAX: (916) 574-1885
File Ref SCH# 2010084002
Subject: Joint Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report for the San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project
Dear Mr. Keeney:

Staff of the California State Lands Commission (CSLC) has reviewed the subject document Under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the Los Angeles District of the LJ _$ _ Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is the federa l lead agency.

Under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), the city of San Clemente is the Lead Agency and the CSLC is a Responsible and/or Trustee Agency for any and all projects that could directly or indirectly affect sovereign lands, their accompanying Public Trust resources or uses, and the public easement in navigable waters.

As background, the State acquired sovereign ownership of tidelands and submerged lands and beds of navigable waterways upon its admission to the United Starns In ·1850. The State holds these lands for the benefit of all the people of the State for Public Trust purposes which include waterborne commerce, navigation, fisheries, water-related recreation, habitat preservation , and open space The landward boundaries of the State's sovereign interests In areas that are subject lo tidal action are generally based upon the ordinary high water marks of these waterways as they last existed prior to fill or artificially-induced accretions. In non-tidal navigable waterways the State holds a fee ownership 1n the bed of the waterway between the two ordinary low water marks. Tl1e entire non~tidal navigable waterway between the ordinary high water marks is subject to the Publtc Trust. The State's sovereign interests are under the jurisdiction of the CSLC.

Components of the San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project (Project), as we understand them, include the following:
992 886
Thomas W Keeney Page 2 September 15, 2010
The Project was implemented to analyze potential environmental impacts of proposed alternatives designed to address ongoing beach erosion issues along the city of San Clemente shoreline_ Issues of concern include possible future damage to an existing railroad line, public safety and liability problems, and the loss of economic benefits associated with degraded recreational opportunities • Two alternatives were considered: a 'No Action' alternative, and a 'Beach Fill ' alternative. The Beach Fill alternative considered various combinations of beach fill widths and replenishment cycles . Two beach fill alternatives were selected for analysis and are identified as '50 ft (15m) Beach Width Alternative', and '115 ft (35m) Beach Width Alternative'. Although they share common design elements, they are expected to have different environmental impacts, and so were analyzed as two separate alternatives.
• The '50 ft (15m) Beach Width Alternative' has been identified as the tentatively recommended plan alternative
• Both selected Beach Fill alternatives involve the dredging of fill material from a borrow site one mile offshore of the city of Oceanside. The 150 ft (15m) Beach Width Alternative' would utilize approximately 251,000 cubic yards (cy) of material to create a 50-foot wide berm and an immediate post-construction dry beach width of approximately 76 feet at the receiver site. • The receiver site 1s located at San Clemente Beach, in the city of San Clemente, and extends approximately 3,412 feet from Linda Lane to T Street. The receiver site encompasses the San Clemente Municipal Pier.
• The dredged material would be transported in 1,700 cy loads on a hopper dredge to a mooring location offshore of the beach receiver site and would be pumped onshore via a submerged pipeline.
• Construction is anticipated to begin in 2012 and is expected to take 46 working days to complete, although commencement could begin as early as 2010.

Please be advised that both the borrow site and the receiver site involve sovereign lands under the jurisdiction of the CSLC. Use of the borrow site will require authorization from the Commission for the issuance of a dredging lease. The receiver site appears to overlap the lease area under Lease No. PRC 8567.9 issued by the CSLC to the city of San Clemente for the 'City of San Clemente Opportunistic Beach Replenishment Program'. Use of the receiver site will require the city of San Clemente to amend Lease No. PRC 8567.9 to accommodate the project. Lease applications can be accessed via our website at www sic.ca.gov. •
In order to ensure that the rrntigation measures identified in the EIS/EIR are implemented, the lead agency must adopt a program for monitoring the measures it has imposed to mitigate or avoid significant environmental effects (see CEQA Guidelines §15097). Section 7.0 of the EIS/EIR states that Table 7-1 entitled "Summary of design features and monitoring commitments" lists the actions committed to be undertaken by 993 887
Thomas W. Keeney Page 3 September 15, 2010
the USACE for the proposed action to ensure environmental Impacts are reduced to the extent possible
However, the "design features" in the table appear to be an abbreviated and incomplete combination of 1) the mitigation measures identified in Section 5 0 Environmental Consequences of the Proposed Action and Alternatives, and 2) the steps for minimization and compensation identified in Section H of Appendix A entitled "Section 404(b)(1) Evaluation of the Effects of the Discharge of Dredged or Fill Material into Water of the United States, San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project.'' In order to provide the basis for an effective mitigation monitoring program as required by CEQA, CSLC staff recommends that the table be revised to include a comprehensive summary of all the mitigation measures and monitoring commitments relied upon in the EIS/EIR, and at a minimum reflect the following revisions • able 7-1 should include several omitted mitigation measures identified in Section 5 including GeologyfTopography (MM ER-115-2.1 ), Biological Resources (MM-BR-50-2 1 and 2.2), Cultural Resources (MM-CR 50.1 ), Noise (MM-N-50-

3.1 ), and Recreation (MM-R-50-4 .1 ).
• The table should reference or incorporate all components of the Biological Resources Monitoring Plan in Appendix 8.
, The mitigation measures in the table should be numbered to indicate the corresponding section or appendix where they originated .

As a Responsible and Trustee Agency, the CSLC will need to rely on this document for the issuance of a new dredging lease and an amendment of the existing lease specified above We request that you consider our comments and implement these recommendations prior to adoption of the Final EIR/EIS.

For questions and comments related to the environmental review, please contact Joan Walter, Environmental Scientist, at (916) 574-1310 or by e-mail at 1oan,[email protected] ,gov. Please contact Kenneth Foster, Public Land Management Specialist, at (916) 574-2555 or by e-mail at kenneth foster@slcca .gov for more information about the Commission's sovereign lands leasing jurisd1ct1on. cc Office of Planning and Research
Kenneth Foster, LMD, CSLC
Joan Walter, DEPM CSLC
Cy R Oggin , hief
Div1s1on of Environmental Planning
and Management
State of California – The Resources Agency ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER, Governor DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME John McCamman, Director
http://www.dfg.ca.gov
1933 Cliff Drive, Suite 9
Santa Barbara, California 93109
805.568.1231
Conserving California’s Wildlife Since 1870
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Subject: Draft Environmental Impact Statement/Draft Environmental Impact Report for the City of San Clemente Shoreline
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-----Original Message-----
From: Bonigut, Tom [mailto:[email protected]]
Sent: Friday, September 10, 2010 8:05 AM
To: Schlosser, Heather R SPL
Cc: Johnson, Joseph A SPL
Subject: San Clemente study questions
Heather and Joe:

Just passing along several following questions that City staff have raised about the study and proposed project. Maybe some of this is addressed in the reports, but I wanted to share with you to make sure one way or the other we do address these issues:

1. Sand compatibility and acceptability. Is there a QA/QC process to ensure that the borrow site sand will be suitable for placement on San Clemente beaches, and if for some reason it is not, what is the backup plan for borrow sites? This is a really important one, as we are receiving feedback that the Oceanside borrow site does not provide quality beach sand, and that a borrow site further site (name escapes me) is actually better.

2. Beach monitoring. Is there any discussion about what we think would happen to beaches south of the project area? I.e. since there is a net southward sand movement, what might happen to those beaches and surf breaks?
Would or should the monitoring plan address some of those areas too? We certainly need to ensure, to the extent possible, that we don’t impact surf breaks south of the project area.

3. Can the discussion about the reference line for the project be improved? It’s unclear to some what the starting point is for determining where the 15-meter beach width starts? Is it fixed throughout the project area (e.g. some offset from the rail line), or does it vary according to some other criterion? Also, is it fixed in time according to current conditions? I.e. what if our beach erodes significantly between now and the time an actual project is constructed? Will the beach berm width reference line be shifted also, or would the project be as described currently? Is it possible to define a seaward project limit instead of using a reference line that could change over time? No rush, but please call whenever convenient and I can further elaborate on this questions. Thanks.

Tom Bonigut, P.E.

Assistant City Engineer
City of San Clemente - Public Works Dept.
910 Calle Negocio, Suite 100
San Clemente, CA 92673
(949) 361-6187
Classification: UNCLASSIFIED
Caveats: NONE
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1002 896
From: Keeney, Thomas W SPL
To: Schlosser, Heather R SPL; West, Nathaniel ; Lisa Louie [email protected] Cc: Johnson, Joseph A SPL
Subject: FW: san clemente beach replenishment please confirm email Date: Friday, September 17, 2010 3:11:40 PM
Comment
thomas
P Please consider the environment before printing this message -----Original Message-----
From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Friday, September 17, 2010 10:10 AM
To: Keeney, Thomas W SPL
Subject: san clemente beach replenishmint please comfirm email 1 it seams ludicrous to replenish the beach sands with out promoting erosion and passive replenishment 2 if sands will migrates south may we please replenish north beach first thus supplying the pier area 2nd
3 if the near costal quarry's where relocated away would this not help with passive and aggressive replenishment of san clement ,capo beach, beaches & soils 4 are their plans to use the spoils from any excavation or tunneling up in the ortages ,For costal replenishment or building material .Thus using the spoils to replace native soils and or releasing and allowing to pass thru the quarry native soils to the shore 5 it seam important to keep up the allusion of success that a supply of sand can bring. with constant permits equipment and plans in place ,available and maintained for train transportation of sand and soils for the grooming and maintance of the costal resources. possibly hedging are bet and augmenting strategic and civil and possible emergency capabilities (the volley ball court is like playing on dull broken glass)train car loads are fairly efficient and affordable compared to truck loads. Possible improving the quality of soils from distant and local sources
6 lastly it seams to be a shame the energy used to harvest the soils do not seam to be of any beofitt in the first place
as in deepening a harbor or entrance improving wet lands or impoundments or importing away proofed soils from a site like Santa Ana river basin and flood control projects lastly thank you for your time and please comments on these questions and statements [email protected]
george gregory
139 avenida florencia-A
san clemente CA 92672
1003 897
____________________________________________________________ My Credit Scores- Free
Click Here to See Your 3 FREE Credit Scores from All 3 Credit Bureaus! <http://thirdpartyoffers.netzero.net/TGL3242/4c93a157e962ebd0c2fst04duc> freescore.com <http://thirdpartyoffers.netzero.net/TGL3242/4c93a157e962ebd0c2fst04duc> 1004 898
-----Original Message-----
From: Keith [mailto:[email protected]]
Sent: Thursday, September 23, 2010 10:06 AM
To: Keeney, Thomas W SPL
Subject: San Clemente Beach Study Comments
Dear Representative:

I attended the August Beach Study meeting, here are some comments. 1) The train track running on top of San Clemente beaches is at the root of the problem.
2) It’s hard to believe an alternate rail route cannot be found – especially with the desire of Amtrak to increase rail traffic.
3) Experience has shown that sea walls accelerate beach erosion. The sea walls already built by Amtrak, to protect rail lines, are accelerating beach sand erosion. Why isn’t Amtrak being held responsible for its part in adding to the problem and mandated to help with sand replenishment costs? 4) We were told by the geologists that most all sand migrates southward; so why not add sand at North Beach? North Beach has been severely impacted and is in need of sand replenishment. Plus the sand eroded from North Beach would help to replenish sand on all San Clemente beaches as it migrates south. At the very least, sand could be deposited at North Beach and not in the T-street area – as sand will naturally move into that area from sand replenishment on beaches north of T-street.

Thank you,
Keith Aiken
1005 899
1006 900
September 14, 2010
Mr. Thomas Keeney
Planning Division
US Army Corps of Engineers
PO Box 532711
Los Angeles. CA 90053~2325
Ref San Clemente Shoreltne Feasibility Study Comments
Dr. Mr. Keeney·
Please consider the below comments from a former City of San Clemente Lifeguard from 197 4 to 2001 .

Page 9 ends

would reduce the income to local visitor/tourist serving businesses, and loss of taxes and other revenues to the city, including bedroom taxes, sales taxes, and property taxes; and beach parking and beach concession revenues.

It does not include the added cost to provide lifeguard and other protective services to safely keep the public away from hazardous conditions and to protect, relocate or replace pubic improvements Additionally, it does not speak to the potential liability or defense costs from lawsuits due to the injury or death to beach goers as the result of exposed natural and man-made dangers.

Page 9 ends

substrate and man-made. Page 10, Problem Statement, mentions reduces recreational space on an already space-limited beach. I would suggest that more emphasis be placed in both areas regarding the fact that the erosion not only causes a reduction of recreational space, but can present public dangers from exposed man-made and natural hard structures. This condition can make shoreline and offshore ocean areas unsafe, hence unusable by the public.

San Clemente City Lifeguards have had to post and, at times, restrict the use of some near shore and off shore ocean areas due to these dangers. This Is no easy task, since these hazardous conditions can become exposed overnight and are difficult to detect during changing tidal and surf conditions This task is further complicated by strong wave and currents. A swimmer can enter the water in a location that is relatively safe and be swept down the beach hundreds of feet in a matter of a few minutes where there might be exposed dangers that are under water and, therefore, undetectable. 1007 901
Some problems are hard to prevent like when people walk along the beach and try to pass around an obstruction, like the railroad riprap, and are hit by an unpredictable set of waves, resulting in them being washed into the rocks. These situations can often occur at night when visibility is limited and lifeguard personnel are not normally there to warn of such hazards.

These conditions have prompted lifeguard to have electric lights installed at such areas and/or post hazard warning signs. Ideas such as installing motion detectors to trigger a recorded warning alert have also been considered to manage this type of hazard.

Lifeguards tend to err on the side of safety by restricting the access/use of potentially dangerous water areas, including making sure people do not enter dangerous areas or be swept into dangerous areas. Continued erosion will only increase this danger and the resultant dangers and ocean restrictions. It is not unrealistic that large areas of the City's water area may have to be limited from the public's use during these exposed times. Although the city usually gains beach sand in the spring and summer, when we most need it, the large seasonal deposits of fresh sand have become less and less.

ES-1 , under Overview, the same point regarding the dangers of exposed hard structures and its economic impacts should be made here as well. Also, it should be further emphasized, possibly under the Executive Summary, Project Background, page 1-4, that the LOSSAN railroad Riprap is not engineered and therefore subject to continual undermining and failure during periods of erosion. It is possible that the tracks could be undermined to the extent that the railroad tracks could not safely carry the load of railway cars brought in to drop addition rock.

These comments are made after only making a partial review of the draft study, since my new computer kept locking up upon opening many of the study's documents.

Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions, or if I can be of any assistance in any wa • dfo( /
~---,--
y,,.- ~~
nn Hughes
2675 Queda Way
Laguna Beach, CA 92651
(949) 497-3947

THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
1008 902
$
APPENDIX G – DRAFT COORDINATION ACT REPORT
1009 903
C H A M B E R s G 0 lJ p

THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
1010 904
1011 905
~\t,t,.NTOF~l\i us. FJ>ill & WILllUFE
- ~.., SEJlVlCE ~., 'l,j
Cl . . United States Department of the Interior

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
~ rA
::S .
•"
In Reply Refer To:

FWS-OR-07B0008-1 ICPA0003
Colonel R. Mark Toy
District Engineer, Los Angeles
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
P.O. Box 532711
Ecological Services
Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office
60 IO Hidden Valley Road, Suite 10 I
Carlsbad, Caiifomia 9201 l
Los Angeles, California 90053-2325
Attention: Mr. Thomas Keeney, Ecologist/Biological Sciences Manager .. - JUL 2 6. 2011
Subject: Final Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act Report for the San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project, Orange County, California
Dear Colonel Toy:

Enclosed is our Final Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act Report (Report) for the San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project in Orange County, California. This Report is provided in fulfillment of Scope of Work Agreement Number W81EYN72403881 between our agencies, requesting us to provide Draft and Final Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act reports for the project.

This Report is prepared in accordance with the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act ( 48 Stat. 40 l, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661 et seq.) and constitutes the final report of the Secretary oflnterior as required by section 2(b) of the Act.

If you have any questions regarding the Final Report, please contact Division Chief David Zoutendyk at (760) 431-9440, extension 222.

Sincerely,
f<~ -~M
Karen A. Goebel
Assistant Field Supervisor
1012 906
Colonel R. Mark Toy (FWS-OR-07B0008-11 CP A0003)
Enclosure ( 1)
cc:

Lori Adams, California Department of Fish and Game
Bryant Chesney, National Oceanic Atmospheric and Administration James Munson, Environmental Protection Agency
2 FINAL FISH AND WILDLIFE

COORDINATION ACT REPORT
for the
San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project
Orange County, California
Prepared for the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Los Angeles District
by the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office
Carlsbad, California
July 2011
1013 907
I.LS.

Jl"l&H a WILDLIFE

SERVICE
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act Report, July 2011
San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) has prepared a draft Environmental Impact Study/ Environmental Impact Report (EIS/EIR) to analyze potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed action and alternatives for providing protection to the shoreline of the City of San Clemente (City) from coastal storms. The draft EIR/EIS identifies the preferred alternative as the 15 meter (m) [50 feet (ft)] beach fill alternative, which includes dredging material offshore of the City of Oceanside and hauling and placing it at San Clemente Beach. Beach fill will be 1,040 m (3,412 ft) long with a +5.2 m (+17 ft) crest elevation. The dredge volume is estimated to be about 192,000 cubic meters (m3
) [251,130 cubic yards (y3)]. Re-nourishment will occur about every 6 years and require about 192,000 m3 (251,000 y3) of material for an estimated eight re-nourishment cycles over the 50-year project life.

Beach erosion is an ongoing problem along the San Clemente shoreline. Over the past 20 years, average beach widths in the City’s beaches have been gradually reduced to about 15 m (50 ft), a reduction of more than 50 percent compared to beach measurements from 1958 and 1981.

Changes to the beach shoreline caused by erosion have reduced recreational opportunities and are threatening the stability of City facilities, private property, and a major southern California commuter rail corridor.

Implementation of the proposed initial and subsequent beach replenishment efforts are expected to result in direct, indirect, and cumulative effects to biological resources during dredging, staging of equipment offshore of the beach replenishment sites, and placement of sand on the replenishment sites. These effects are expected to include direct mortality to biological resources, especially benthic invertebrates. Indirect effects could also occur from increased turbidity, night lighting, and migration of sand from the replenishment sites onto reef and surfgrass areas. Cumulative effects could be experienced over the course of the proposed project through the repetitive replenishment of the beach areas. 1014 908
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act Report, July 2011
San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project ii

PREFACE
This document constitutes the Final Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act Report (Final FWCA Report) in fulfillment of Scope of Work Agreement Number W81EYN72403881 between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and addresses the potential effects of the San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project on fish and wildlife resources. We have prepared this Final FWCA Report pursuant to the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661 et seq.) and in keeping with the spirit and intent of the National Environmental Policy Act (P.L. 91-190). This Final FWCA Report supersedes all of our previous planning input regarding this project.

Coordination between the Service and Corps regarding biological impacts and mitigation has been on-going. The Service met with the Corps, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) on October 16, 2007; May 15 and December 16, 2008; July 16, 2009; September 15, 2009, and April 30, 2010, and with NOAA, CDFG, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on September 3, 2010, to discuss the proposed project and alternatives. The main topics of discussions included the current status of the proposed project, project alternatives, and potential environmental issues. The Service received the Draft Joint Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report (EIR/EIS) for the project on August 3, 2010. The NOAA, CDFG, and EPA provided comments on the Draft EIR/EIS, and the Service submitted a Draft FWCA Report to the Corps on January 14, 2011.

The Service met with the Corps, NOAA, CDFG and EPA on January 31, 2011, to address comments on the Draft EIR/EIS and recommendations in the Draft FWCA. Several issues were discussed at the meeting including: 1) the adequacy of baseline transect surveys and assumption of a worse case impact of up to only 0.81 hectares (ha) [2 acres (ac)] of surfgrass/reef impacts based on these surveys, even though the entire 2 ha (5-ac) T-Street Reef is expected to be in the equilibrium footprint and subject to sand movement and burial; 2) the use of only a 1 to 1 mitigation ratio in light of temporal loss of at least 2-5 years from the time of impact to completion of mitigation, especially for surfgrass impacts given the uncertainty of surfgrass restoration; 3) the potential to modify the project to a 10-meter (m) [33-foot (ft)] beach width to help minimize potential impacts to surfgrass and reef and mitigation risks/costs due to the uncertainty regarding surfgrass restoration; 4) resource agency approval role in determining appropriate mitigation, criteria for triggering mitigation, success criteria, and monitoring and reporting requirements; 5) the adequacy of the proposed $3 million mitigation fund when mitigation costs are estimated to be up to $3.5 million; 6) potential cumulative impacts from the City’s opportunistic beach replenishment program; 7) potential impacts to the intertidal reef at Mariposa Point and use of Mariposa Point as a control in light of these potential impacts and from the City’s opportunistic beach replenishment program; 8) the use of only one verses multiple control site(s); and 9) allowing subsequent beach replenishment before any previous impacts are successfully mitigated.
1015 909
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act Report, July 2011
San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project iii
The Corps provided comments on the Draft FWCA Report and an updated Monitoring, Mitigation, and Reporting Plan (MMRP) via electronic mail (email) transmissions dated June 9 and July 20, 2011, respectively. We forwarded the Corps’ comments and updated MMRP to NOAA, CDFG, and EPA; the NOAA and CDFG responded that the Corps did not fully address many of their original concerns. The NOAA and CDFG also provided additional comments on the revised MMRP including: 1) the provision for only 2 years of monitoring for any necessary rocky reef mitigation, instead of 5 years as for kelp mitigation; 2) the provision for impacts to shallow reef to be mitigated with deep water reef; and 3) the provision for out-of-kind kelp mitigation for surfgrass impacts that could lead to continual loss of surfgrass from beach replenishment. We have incorporated NOAA and CDFG comments and recommendations relative to the proposed project’s potential impacts on fish and wildlife resources and habitats into the recommendations of this Final FWCA Report.

1016 910
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act Report, July 2011
San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... i PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ iv LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1 Description of the Project Area ........................................................................................1 Purpose and Need ..............................................................................................................1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..........................................................................................................3 Alternatives .........................................................................................................................3 Preferred Alternative.........................................................................................................5 Construction Methods .......................................................................................................7 DESCRIPTION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ................................................................10 IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ON BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ...............20 Impacts to Birds and Benthic Invertebrates .................................................................21 Impacts to Sensitive Habitats ..........................................................................................22 Re-nourishment ................................................................................................................23 Biological Resources Monitoring Plan ...........................................................................23 RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................33 LITERATURE CITED ...............................................................................................................36

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Project Vicinity Map .......................................................................................................2 Figure 2. Plan View of 15 meter (50 feet) Beach Width Alternative .............................................6 Figure 3. Offshore Borrow Areas ...................................................................................................8 Figure 4. Beach Access and Staging Areas ....................................................................................9 Figure 5 Historic Kelp Canopy and Reef Map ............................................................................12 Figure 6. Surfgrass Survey ............................................................................................................16 1017 911
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INTRODUCTION
Description of Project Area
The City of San Clemente (City) is located along the coast of southern California about 100 kilometers (km) [60 miles (mi)] south of Los Angeles at the southern end of Orange County near the border of San Diego County. The study area is encompassed within the City and extends about 1,040 meters (m) [3,412 feet (ft)] from Linda Lane to T-Street (Figure 1). A portion of the Los Angeles to San Diego (LOSSAN) rail line runs between the beach and the coastal bluffs through San Clemente. The project area includes the San Clemente Municipal Pier (Pier), beachfront structures, and the Marine Safety Headquarters on the beach. The borrow site for beach replenishment materials is located offshore of the City of Oceanside Purpose and Need
The purpose of this project is to provide shore protection through nourishment of the beach at the Pier. Developing and maintaining the beach is needed to prevent the severe beach erosion that results from winter storms and to prevent damage to adjacent beachfront structures, including the heavily used LOSSAN rail line that runs along the beach through the City. In addition, the continued loss of sand at the beach would have a negative impact on recreation, which supports the local economy, and would reduce the ecological functioning of the sand beach/littoral zone. 1018 912
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San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project
Figure 1
2 – Project Vicinity Map (Corps 2010)
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1 :200,000
1 2 4
Miles
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Alternatives
Non-Structural Measures
Managed Retreat
Managed retreat restricts or opposes efforts to control long-term retreat of the shoreline. This can include policies ranging from complete removal of all shore protection structures to simply not allowing new structures to be built. For this project, managed retreat of coastal development would include relocation of the railroad and beach facilities due to the continued erosion of the recreation beach area. Continued erosion and storm wave attack would likely eliminate any beach area available for recreation use and may eliminate the need for facilities or relocate some facilities (e.g., restrooms) to the landward side of the railroad.

Structural Measures
Beach Fill
Beach nourishment involves placement of compatible sand from a borrow area to effectively widen the beach. The beach fill material acts as a buffer, dissipating storm waves and run-up over the wider profile. Beach nourishment may use offshore or onshore borrow sites. In the study area, offshore sources have historically been used for several reasons. Prior offshore studies of the area conducted by the Corps have identified potential sources of sand suitable for an offshore borrow site. The potential offshore borrow sites in the study area were investigated by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG 2000) and the Corps (1993) for beach compatible sand, and appropriate sites were located by these previous investigations offshore of the City Oceanside.

For this project, offshore dredging would be required for the beach fill alternative. Available offshore borrow sites exist, and sand would be delivered to the beach fill sites using hopper dredges with pump-out or large cutter suction dredges. For the hopper dredge with pump-out, temporary near-shore pipeline and mono buoys would be positioned at about the 9 m (30 ft) depth contour to permit the dredge to pump each load directly ashore. A hydraulic dredge with multiple booster pumps would pump material onshore through submerged and floating pipelines.

Revetments and Seawalls
Revetments are flexible structures (i.e., not locked in concrete) made of placed quarry stone.

They are typically built of 3- to 5-ton stone over a layer of smaller stone over a layer of fill designed to stop shoreline retreat and to protect landslide improvements from damage by wave action. Seawalls and revetments are placed parallel to the shoreline as a last line of defense to protect adjacent land areas from direct wave attack, flooding, and erosion. Sheet-pile walls are steel or precast concrete panels vertically placed in the ground to form continuous seawalls for 1020 914
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protecting back-beach improvements. Revetments are generally effective if maintained, but they encroach significantly onto the beach. The seawall structural measure typically requires less spatial area and maintenance.

Offshore Reefs and Breakwaters
Offshore reefs or submerged breakwaters would protect the shoreline against direct wave attack and reduce the transmitted wave energy to less damaging levels along the beach. Breakwaters are concrete or rock walls built roughly parallel to the shore just beyond the breaker zone to absorb wave energy by stopping transmission or breaking the wave before it hits the beach.

They can be permeable or solid, depending on desired amount of wave energy absorption versus reflection.

Submerged artificial reef-type designs for the purpose of sand retention and storm damage reduction come in many forms, but they may be simplified into "soft" and "hard" designs. In the soft designs, near-shore sand berms are constructed of dredged sand placed parallel to the beach in shallow water. The soft breakwater reduces incident wave height, and gradual onshore migration of the sediment can contribute to re-nourishment of the adjacent shoreline, providing the berm itself is stable enough to withstand the wave environment.

Hard submerged breakwaters, which include artificial reefs, reduce wave energy through breaking and dissipation. They are generally not as effective as surface piercing breakwaters at retaining sand, but they do not generally have the adverse effects on recreational surfing conditions that surface visible structures do and may enhance surfing conditions if designed for dual purpose.

Shore Perpendicular Structures
Cross-shore sand retention structures, such as groins and jetties, are constructed perpendicular to the shore to form fillets that can slow beach erosion by trapping littoral sediment. Groins are cross-shore retention structures that act as a barrier to alongshore sediment transport. Offshore breakwaters are effective at retaining sand, but they are expensive and require a healthy source of littoral sand to perform their sand trapping function.

The shore perpendicular structures are generally used to preserve a minimum berm width and slow erosion rates so that re-nourishment volumes may be smaller and episodes less frequent.

The amount of sand trapped by the structure depends on the permeability, height, and length of the structure and the amount of sand in the littoral system. As material accumulates on the updrift side of the structure, supply to the down-drift side is reduced. This results in local beach accretion on the up-drift side of the structure and erosion for some distance down-shore. After the beach near the structure adjusts to an “equilibrium” stage in accordance with the wave conditions, all littoral drift will pass the structure directly over it or be diverted around the seaward end of the structure.
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No Action
The no action alternative assumes that no project would be implemented and that the Southern California Regional Rail Authority’s (SCRRA) existing maintenance plan would continue to be implemented, which may result in potential damage to the railroad ballast and tracks, but without any measures implemented by the City to address continued erosion of the recreation beaches near the Pier. With the no action alternative, the erosion-prone beaches are assumed to be further depleted and storm damages would be expected to increase in severity, increasing the threat to the railroad corridor. Public safety and liability problems would not be resolved, and recreational activity on the beaches would be degraded, resulting in a loss of associated economic benefits.

Preferred Alternative
According to the draft EIR/EIS, managed retreat and structural measures do not meet the project’s evaluation criteria, which include the technical and economic feasibilities, environmental impacts, and public acceptability. Managed retreat and the no action alternative would not meet the project’s purpose and goals. Revetments and seawalls often provide the most reliable form of shoreline protection, but they do not increase beach width and can impede public access to the beach. Offshore structures, including groins, visible offshore breakwaters, and submerged reef are not considered feasible due to cost, public acceptance, and potential environmental impacts.

The draft EIR/EIS determined that beach fill is the only measure that met all of the Corps’ environmental evaluation criteria.

Beach Fill
The beach fill alternative consists of dredging material offshore of the City of Oceanside, then hauling and placing it at San Clemente Beach. Beach fill will be 1,040 m (3,412 ft) long with a +5.2 m (+17 ft) crest elevation. The beach fill design parameters were determined by the Corps by considering various combinations of beach-fill widths and different replenishment cycles.

These combinations [e.g., 15 m (50 ft) and 35 m (115 ft) beach width] are variations of the same alternative (i.e., beach fill). Although it is recognized that these two widths are variations of the same alternative, they are addressed by the Corps as two separate alternatives.

The 15 m (50 ft) beach width alternative would require about 192,000 m3 (251,000 y3) of beach compatible sand. At the time of construction, the actual immediate post-construction width would be about 23 m (76 ft) (Figure 2). It is expected that up to 8 m (26 ft) of dry beach width would be distributed from the foreshore to the profile during the equilibration process. This alternative is estimated to take 46 working days to complete. 1022 916
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Figure 2 – Plan View of 15 m (50 ft) Beach Width Alternative (Corps 2010) 1023 917
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The 35 m (115 ft) beach width alternative would require about 448,000 m3 (586,000 y3) of beach compatible sand. At the time of construction, the actual immediate post-construction width would be about 52 m (171 ft). It is expected that up to 17 m (56 ft) of dry beach width will be distributed from the foreshore to the profile during the equilibration process. This alternative is estimated to take 108 working days to complete.

Based on the Corps’ evaluation of management measures and the comparison of the alternatives formulated for this study, the Corps’ recommended plan is the 15 m (50 ft) beach width alternative.

Construction Method
The project would be constructed with hopper dredging equipment with pump ashore capability and conventional earthmoving equipment. A medium-sized hopper dredge would be used, with effective capacity estimated at 1,300 m3
(1,700 y3) and 3.2 loads per day. The hopper dredge
would pump out the dredge material via a 6-centimeter (cm) [24-inch (in)] pipe line at 1,376 m3
/hr (1,800 y3/hr). The hopper dredge would be filled at the designated borrow site (i.e., Borrow Area 2 and 2a), which has beach compatible sand with approximately 10 percent fines and is about 1.6 km (1 mile) offshore of the City of Oceanside (Figure 3). The hopper dredge would then haul the dredged material about 35 km (21 mi) north to San Clemente. At the receiver beach, the dredge would be attached to a moored floating section of pipeline extending 457 m (1,500 ft) to the shoreline. The material would be re-suspended and discharged through the on-board pumping system to the receiver site.

The hopper dredge requires a mono buoy to discharge its sand onto the beach. A mono buoy is a floating pipeline connection platform that is moored to the seafloor, and it is used to interconnect with a steel sinker pipeline that carries the slurry along the seafloor to the beach. For this project, the mono buoy would be anchored in at least 7.6 m (25 ft) of water, between 762 to 1,524 m (2,500 and 5,000 ft) from shore and in the appropriate location in relation to sensitive resources and engineering considerations. From one mono buoy location, sand can be pumped directly onshore and up to about 610 m (2,000 ft) alongshore in either direction. Dredging would be performed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Shore equipment would work 12 hours a day, 6 days a week.

Onshore Placement Method
Sand would be combined with seawater until it reaches the consistency of slurry. It then would be conveyed to the beach either via pipeline or a combination of hopper dredge and pipeline, as described above. Existing sand at the receiver site would be used to build a small, “L”-shaped berm to anchor the sand placement operations. The short side of the “L” would be transverse (crosswise) to the shoreline and would be about 15 m (50 ft) long. The long side would be shore parallel at the seaward edge and would be about 61 m (200 ft) long. The berm construction may be adjusted from the design requirements during fill placement depending on actual field conditions. The crosswise side of the berm would be constructed to allow alongshore landward beach access for emergency access at all times.
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Figure 3 - Offshore Borrow Areas (Corps 2010)

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San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project 9
The slurry would be pumped onto the beach between this berm and toe. The berm reduces ocean water turbidity by allowing all the sand to settle inside the bermed area while the seawater is channeled along the berm until it reaches the open end where it drains into the ocean.

Temporary dikes within the berm would allow sand to settle in designated areas. Once a 61 m (200 ft) section of berm is filled in with sand, another 61 m (200 ft) of berm would be created, the pipeline would be moved or extended on the dry beach only into the new berm area, and the process would begin again; the pipeline along the seafloor would not be moved. As the material is deposited behind the berm, the sand would be spread using two bulldozers and one front-end loader to direct the flow of the sand slurry and form a gradual slope to the existing beach elevation. The berm would be subject to the forces of the waves and weather once constructed and would eventually settle down to a natural grade for the beach.

Construction Access and Staging Areas
Beach access for the construction equipment and crew would be split between open space on the beach and a City-owned public parking lot (Figure 4) (Corps 2010). An open area exists along the beach immediately adjacent and north of the Pier and in the immediate vicinity of the Marine Safety Headquarters. It is expected this site would be used for the contractors’ office trailer, parking area for heavy earthmoving equipment, and storage area for dredge pipe and other miscellaneous materials. This site is used extensively for access to the Marine Safety Headquarters and other municipal operations. The contractors’ dredge and vessels would require offsite mooring and berthing space. The nearest suitable mooring area is Dana Point Harbor, a small craft harbor about 8 km (5 mi) north.

Figure 4 Beach Access and Staging Areas (Corps 2010)
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Future Project Beach Profile Monitoring
Long-term shoreline erosion processes create damages through long-term profile translation landward and the increasing potential for wave-related damages. The landward advancing shoreline reduces the beach width available for storm damage protection, thereby increasing the probability of wave-related damages to facilities and structures. Long-term beach erosion also results in the gradual reduction of the beach surface area available for recreation. The peak erosion rate is –0.21 m/yr (–0.7 ft/yr); the maximum erosion rate is -0.46 m/yr (-1.5 ft/yr); and the maximum accretion rate is +0.38 m/yr (+1.24 ft/yr).

The purpose of this monitoring is to allow the timing and the detailed design of the periodic nourishment to be optimized. Changes in beach and seabed morphology would define the sediment transport patterns at the shoreline and ultimately the short-term and long-term beach erosion processes. Alongshore transects would be used to determine the effects, if any, of the proposed project on updrift and/or downdrift shorelines. The monitoring period would be for the 50-year period of Federal involvement. However, not all aspects of the monitoring plan would be conducted each year.

Estimates based on the SANDAG monitoring data suggest the San Clemente fill would erode on average at a rate of 3.9 m/yr (12.8 ft/yr). Beach fill erodes at substantially higher rates than the native beach. Due to the varying nature of the wave climate, sediment supply to the beach, and other factors driving long-shore sediment transport, it is expected that the beach would erode at a greater rate in some years, at a slower rate in some years, and possibly accrete in other years.

Based on a 15-m (50-ft) wide beach and the 3.9 m/yr (12.8 ft/yr) erosion rate, it is anticipated that a fill would last about 6 years on average.

Maintenance nourishment efforts would occur when the shoreline reaches the 0 m/ft base beach width (i.e., about 11 m [35 ft]). Maintenance nourishment efforts would return the beach to the design beach width 15 m (50 ft) and would involve up to 192,000 m3 (251,000 y3) of material.

Maintenance nourishment efforts also would be dependent upon available funding at the time of request.

DESCRIPTION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Vegetation
The terrestrial land along the San Clemente shoreline and adjacent upland areas include residential and commercial development, a train railway, and some vegetation, which is composed primarily of ornamentals and a few patches of native vegetation. The sandy beach back bluffs are outside of the project area. The project study boundary does not include any of the terrestrial vegetation types east of the railroad tracks.

Marine Shoreline and Offshore Habitats
The predominant intertidal habitat along San Clemente’s shoreline is sandy beach, although some rocky outcrops that extend from mid-beach to the low intertidal zone are present at 1027 921
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Mariposa Point, which is north of the Pier. Beyond the surf zone, the seafloor is a mosaic of sand and low-to-high relief patch reef. Some pinnacles of the reef are visible in the near-shore zone at low tide, while two prominent offshore pinnacles break the surface offshore of Mariposa Point and south of the Pier. Other reef habitats are located south of the Pier offshore of T-Street that extends west, and then north around the end of the Pier (Figure 5) (Corps 2010).

Rocky Intertidal
Although the predominant intertidal habitat along San Clemente’s shoreline is sandy beach, an area of significant rocky intertidal is present at Mariposa Point, which is 975 m (3,200 ft) north of the Pier and about 488 m (1,600 ft) north of the northern end of the proposed beach fill site at Linda Lane. Boulders and rocky outcroppings in this area support a variety of algal species [Coastal Resources Management (CRM) 2000]. Boulders in the high intertidal area support filamentous green algae (Enteromorpha spp.). The mid-to-low intertidal algae composition is dominated by encrusting red algae (Lithophyllum spp., Lithothamnion spp.), encrusting brown algae (Pseudolithoderma spp.), and coralline algae (Corallina spp.). Green algae (Enteromorpha spp. and Ulva spp.) and several species of filamentous red algae also occur in these zones.

Larger brown algae species colonize the base of the intertidal reef throughout the area, including palm kelp (Eisenia aborea) and feather boa kelp (Egregia menziesii).

Surfgrass (Phyllospadix torreyi and P. Scouleri) is present in the low intertidal beginning about 91 m (300 ft) offshore of the sand beach. Surfgrass serves as a nursery for California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) and provides shelter for a variety of juvenile and adult fishes.

Surfgrass is present throughout the low intertidal platform of Mariposa Point at a minimum of

0.9 m (3 ft) above the sand line with no more than 2.54 cm (1 in) of sand covering the surface of the rocks. Surfgrass blades in this area are 0.3 to 0.6 m (1 to 2 ft) in length.

A diverse mid-to-low intertidal invertebrate community is found on boulders as well as the surfaces of the low-lying platform reefs at Mariposa Point (CRM 2000). The most common sessile invertebrate in this area is the California mussel (Mytilus caliornianus), which occurs throughout the mid and low intertidal zones, forming masses on the sides and upper surfaces of the boulders and platform reefs. Other common to abundant invertebrates in this area include the solitary and colonial forms of the anemone (Anthopleura aggregate), limpets (Collisella scabra, Tectura spp., Collisella digitalis), chitons (Mopalia muscosa and Nuttalina californica), acorn barnacles (Balanus glandula), and snails (Acanthina spirata). Although not common, the reefbuilding sandcastle tubeworm (Phragmatopoma californica) was found around the base of several boulders in the mid-intertidal zone.

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Figure 5 – Historic Kelp Canopy and Reef Map (Corps 2010)

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San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project 13
Up to ten species of fish use the low-to-minus tidal zones of rocky intertidal habitats in the Southern California Bight (SCB) (MEC 2002). The wooly sculpin (Clinocottus analis) is one of the more commonly encountered fish species in tidepools, but juvenile opaleye (Girella nigricans), rockpool blenny (Hypsoblennius gilberti), spotted kelpfish (Gibbonsia elegans), and California clingfish Gobiesox rhessodon) may also be present (Cross and Allen 1993).

Sandy Intertidal
The shoreline at Mariposa Point consists of a riprap backshore environment that protects the railroad tracks. The rocky intertidal habitat lies seaward of this stretch of sandy beach. A stone revetment to the north and an access road to the south provide backing along the beach at Linda Lane, which is fronted by a steeply sloping sandy beach to the water line. There is also a rock riprap that protects the lifeguard headquarters from wave run-up in front of buildings along this section of the shoreline.

Sandy beaches in California are inhabited by an abundant invertebrate community that is an important food source for vertebrate predators, including shorebirds, seabirds, and fishes (Dugan et al. 2000). Intertidal invertebrates of sandy beaches show a characteristic zonation related to tidal exposure. The composition of the invertebrate community at a given beach, as well as the zonation, tends to be extremely dynamic due to the highly mobile nature of the sandy substrate and the resources on which these animals depend (Dugan and Hubbard 2006). Most exposed sandy beaches have two to three zones inhabited by distinct groups of mobile animals. These zones generally correspond to the relatively dry substrate of the upper intertidal zone at and above the drift line, the damp sand of the mid-intertidal zone, and the wet sand of the lower intertidal zone.

The lower intertidal zone (swash zone) in southern California sandy beaches is dominated by the filter feeding mole crab, Emerita analoga, which moves up and down the beach with the tides.

The polychaete “bloodworm,” Euzonus, also is common in the mid-to-lower intertidal. In the upper intertidal, drift kelp is an important source of food for many invertebrates. Common organisms associated with macrophyte wrack include beach hoppers (Megalorchestia californiana), kelp flies (Coleopa vanduzeei), isopods (Alloniscus perconvexus and Tylos punctata), and various species of beetles.

The sandy intertidal is also used by a near-shore fish, the California grunion (Leuresthes tenuis), which lays its eggs in the high intertidal zone between March and August. Grunions are known to spawn on the beach in the vicinity of the Pier (Corps 2010).

Subtidal Hardbottom
The shallow subtidal zone for much of the project area is a mixture of sand and boulders, with occasional outcrops of exposed shale bedrock (CRM 2000). Historically, offshore kelp beds, dominated by giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) with an understory of feather boa kelp (Egregia menziesii) and palm kelp (Eisenia arborea), have been prevalent along this section of coastline. 1030 924
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The kelp canopy within the project area has fluctuated considerably over the last decade. During surveys in June 2000, CRM found low to moderate density kelp beds with little or no surface canopy 610 m (2,000 ft) off of Mariposa Point at depths between –7.0 and –8.5 m (-23 and -28 ft) MLLW. Another bed was observed 198 m (650 ft) off the Pier (T-Street) at a depth of 4.9 m (16 ft) in October 1999. This patch was not observed during the June 2000 survey (CRM 2000).

Much of the kelp observed in June 2000 was ragged and covered with fouling ectoprocts (Bryozoa); however, newly settled recruit plants were also present (CRM 2000). In March 2008, kelp canopy was sparse in the project area. In July 2009, a thick kelp bed was observed on the considerable reef formations offshore and south of the Pier. The kelp bed in 2009 corresponds generally with the historical kelp mapped previously (Figure 5).

The most extensive reef formations in the vicinity of the Pier are located off Mariposa Point, north of the project area. The shallow subtidal reefs off Mariposa Point have well-developed macrophyte growth, including dense stands of understory species of kelp and surfgrass (CRM 2000). These inshore reefs are about 90 to 210 m (300 to 700 ft) from the shoreline, and some of the rocks have several feet of vertical relief. Most, however, are sand inundated boulders less than 0.6 to 1 m (2 to 3 ft) in height. Surfgrass on these shallow, subtidal reefs grows a minimum of 0.3 m (1 ft) above the sand line and have blades up to 0.6 m (2 ft) long. The nearest high relief reef is located 610 m (2,000 ft) offshore of Mariposa Point (Washrock Reef) at depths between - 7 and -8.4 m (-23 and -28 ft) MLLW. A 120 m by 60 m (400 ft by 200 ft) patch of giant kelp was observed inshore of the Washrock Reef just north of the Pier at a depth of 8 m (26 ft) in October 1999, which persisted at least through June 2000 (CRM 2000). The apex of Washrock Reef is dominated by mussels (Mytilus californianus and M. edulis).

Other characteristic reef organisms observed during the CRM June 2000 survey included gorgonians (Muricea californica and M. fructicosa), keyhole limpet (Megathura crenulata), purple and red sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and S. franciscanus), California sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus), Kellet's whelk (Kelletia kelletii), and sea stars (Pisaster brevispinus and P. giganteus). Fishes observed included spotted sand bass (Paralabrax maculofasciatus), kelp bass (P. clathratus), seniorita (Oxyjulis californicus), bat ray (Myliobatis californica), and black perch (Embiotica jacksoni).

Other fishes that are commonly associated with near-shore reef habitats with developed stands of perennial vegetation above 1 m (3 ft) in height also would be expected to occur within the project area, which include barred sand bass (P. nebulifer); shiner, walleye, and dwarf surfperches (Embiotocidae); California sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher); garibaldi (Hypsypops rubicundus); jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus); giant kelpfish (Heterostichus rostratus); painted greenling (Oxylebius pictus); and halfmoon (Medialuna californiensis) (MEC 2002, Thompson et al. 1993).

Offshore the northern end of the proposed beach fill site at Linda Lane, low relief boulders occur at depths greater than 2.7 m (9 ft) MLLW (CRM 2000). Boulders appear to be frequently scoured and are characterized by growth of red turf algae and crustose corallines. CRM observed surfgrass at this depth off the northern portion of the Linda Lane area, about 90 m (300 1031 925
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San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project 15
ft) from the shoreline. The surfgrass occurred on the upper surfaces of 0.3 m (1 ft) high boulders. Blades were approximately 0.6 to 0.9 m (2 to 3 ft) long.

Chambers Group surveyed for surfgrass in the project area in March of 2008 and July 2009 (Figure 6). Only scattered patches of surfgrass were observed offshore of the northern portion of the proposed sand placement area between the Pier and Linda Lane. South of the Pier, cobble and reef habitat occur offshore beginning at a depth of -1.2 to -1.5 m (-4 to -5 ft) MLLW and extending to at least -3.3 m (-11 ft) MLLW (CRM 2000). Surfgrass meadows are located approximately 90 m (300 ft) from the shoreline on T-Street Reef starting at a water depth of between -1.2 and -1.8 m (-4 and -6 ft) MLLW and extending offshore to a water depth of between -3.3 and -3.9 m (-11 and -13 ft) MLLW. The surfgrass grows on 0.3 to 0.6 m (1 to 2 ft) high boulders and has blades that are 0.6 to 0.9 m (2 to 3 ft) long. Farther offshore surfgrass cover declines. Surfgrass at the deeper depths (-3.3 m [-11 ft] MLLW) grows on 0.3 m (1 ft) high boulders inundated with sand. In some cases, two-thirds of the length of the surfgrass blades were covered with sand and only 0.3 m (1 ft) of the blades remained above the sand line.

The subtidal reef habitat south of the Pier is extensive and angles around the tip of San Clemente Pier. Larger macrophytes observed on the reef include giant kelp, feather boa kelp (Endarchne binghamiae) and bladder chain kelp (Cystoseira/Halidrys) (CRM 2000). A small patch of giant kelp consisting of 12 plants was observed 197 m (650 ft) south of the Pier at a depth of 5 m (16 ft) in October 1999, but it was not observed in June 2000. Kelp canopy was observed on the entire reef in July 2009.

Subtidal Softbottom
Benthic invertebrate species typical of Southern California nearshore soft bottom habitats include polychaete worms (e.g., Diopatra spp., Loimia medusa, Pista pacifica), sand dollars (Dendraster excentricus), crabs (Heterocrypta occidentalis, Portunis xantusii, Randallia ornata), hermit crabs (Pagurus spp., Pagurites spp.), marine snails (Nassarius fossatus, Olivella biplicata, Polinices spp.), clams (Ensis spp.), armored sea stars (Astropecten armatus), tube anemones (Harenactis attenuata, Zaolutus actius), sea pens (Stylatula elongata), and sea pansies (Renilla kollikeri) (MEC 2002, Thompson et al., 1993).

Fish commonly found over shallow, sandy subtidal habitat [less than 9 m (30 ft)] in southern California include California halibut (Paralichthys californicus), speckled sanddabs (Citharichthys stigmaeus), barred surfperch (Amphistichus argenteus), white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus), bat ray (Myliobatus californica), and shovelnose guitarfish (Rhinobatos productus) (MEC 2002, SANDAG 2000). Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus), Pacific bonito (Sarda chiliensis), and topsmelt (Athernops affinis) are commonly encountered in the water column just beyond the surfzone (MEC 2002, SANDAG 2000).

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Figure 6 – Surfgrass/Reef Survey and Sand Placement and Equilibrium Footprints (Corps 2010)

1033 927
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Borrow Site
The proposed borrow site offshore of the City of Oceanside (SO-9) was described by SANDAG (2000). The proposed borrow site consists of sand bottom habitat at between 14 and 18 m (45 and 60 ft) water depth. Fishes and invertebrates found in the vicinity of the Oceanside borrow site are typical of these depths on southern California offshore soft bottoms (SANDAG 2000).

The most abundant invertebrate taxa identified for the Oceanside borrow site include several species of polychaete worms (Diopatra spp., Euclymeninae sp., Melinna oculata, Metasychis disparidentatus, Paraprionospio pinnata, Petalodymene pacifica, Pista disjuncta, Spiophanes missionensis, Streblosoma sp.) and the amphipod Ampelisca cristata (SANDAG 2000).

Abundant fish species include longfin sanddab (Citharichthys xanthostigma), barred sand bass (Paralabrax nebulifer), California halibut, California lizardfish (Synodus lucioceps), and fantail sole (Xystreurys liolepis) (SANDAG 2000).

Wildlife
Wildlife detected within the majority of the project area includes species typically associated with sandy beach habitat that is highly disturbed due to heavy use as recreational beach.

Shorebirds and seabirds are described below. Terrestrial wildlife that would be expected include American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), rock doves (Columba livia), and California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi). Although the project reach is within heavily-urbanized downtown San Clemente, there are some canyons, including Linda Lane, the canyon between Cazador Land and Trafalgar Lane/Esplanade, and the canyon just south of T-Street that would be expected to support urban adapted mammals, including coyote (Canis latrans), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), raccoon (Procyon lotor), and opossum (Didelphis virginiana).

These mammals may occasionally wander onto the beach at night or early morning in search of prey.

Birds
A variety of resident and migratory seabirds and shorebirds are commonly observed along southern California beaches and offshore waters. Seabirds, such as pelicans, terns, and cormorants, forage for fish in the nearshore ocean. Gulls and shorebirds use sandy upper tidal beaches as roosts. Gulls feed on fish and invertebrates, particularly near the edge of the kelp canopy. Shorebirds probe for invertebrates in the damp sands of the middle and low intertidal zones, and some species also forage for small fish and invertebrates in the rocky intertidal. Kelp and surfgrass that have washed ashore harbor invertebrates and provide good foraging areas for gulls and shorebirds.

The seabirds that are most commonly observed along the beaches and ocean waters offshore of Orange and San Diego counties include Heerman’s gull (Larus heermanni), ring-billed gull (L. delawarensis), western gull (L. occidentalis), California brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus), surf scoter (Melinita perspicillata), terns (Sterna spp.), grebes (Podicipedidae), double-crested (Phalacrocorax auritus), and pelagic (P. pelagicus) cormorants (Chambers Group 2002, MEC 2002).
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A variety of shorebirds would be expected to use the beach in the vicinity of the Pier.

Commonly observed species include the following shorebirds: marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa), sanderling (Calidris alba), whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus), black-bellied plover (Pluvialis squatarola), western sandpiper (Calidris mauri), and least sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) (McConnaughey and McConnaughey 1988, Chambers Group 2002, MEC 2002).

Marine Mammals
The marine mammals that occur in the Southern California Bight have been described in detail in previous studies and environmental documents (e.g., Bonnell et al. 1981, 1983; Bonnell and Dailey 1993; Dohl et al. 1981, 1983; ADL 1984; Barlow et al. 1995, 1997; Barlow and Gerrodette 1996; Koski et al. 1998; DeLong and Melin 2000; Stewart and Yochem 2000). As many as 36 species of marine mammals inhabit or visit the Southern California Bight, including 6 species of pinnipeds (seals and sea lions), 29 species of cetaceans (whales, porpoises, and dolphins), and the sea otter; however, only the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi), Gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus), Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncates), Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens), and Common dolphin (Delphinus spp.) are expected to occur in the nearshore waters of the San Clemente study area on a regular basis.

Essential Fish Habitat
In accordance with the 1996 amendments to the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Management and Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), an assessment of Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) will be conducted for the proposed project. The project is located within an area designated as EFH for two Fishery Management Plans (FMPs): Coastal Pelagic Species Fishery Management Plan and Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan. Many of the 86 species federally managed under these plans are known or expected to occur in the area and could be affected by the proposed project. All of the five species managed under the Coastal Pelagic Species Fishery Management Plan are likely to occur in the project area. These pelagic species are northern anchovy, Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus), jack mackerel, and market squid (Loligo opalescens). About 16 species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan are likely to occur in the project area. These species include leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata), big skate (Raja binoculata), spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), cabezon (Scorpaenichthys marmoratus), four species of flatfish (Pleuronichthys decurrens, Microstomus pacificus, Pleuronectes vetulis, Citharichthys sordidus), and at least eight species of rockfish (Sebastes chrysomelas, S. auriculatus, S. caurinus, S. rastrelliger, S. atrovirens, S. serranoides, S. serriceps and Scorpaena guttata).

Special Status Listed Species
Sensitive terrestrial plants and animals are not expected to occur in the project area because of a lack of natural terrestrial habitat within the project footprint. Sensitive species with the potential 1035 929
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to occur on the beach in the project area or offshore in the vicinity of the borrow sites and/or the beach fill site are described below.

California Brown Pelican
The brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), including the California brown pelican subspecies (P. o. californicus), was delisted by the Service from the Federal endangered species list on November 17, 2009 (74 FR 59443). The California brown pelican was delisted from the State endangered species list on June 3, 2009 [California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) 2011a], but it is still designated as a Fully Protected Species under the Fish and Game Code (CDFG 2011a).

California Least Tern
The California least tern (Sternula antillarum browni, “least tern”) was listed as endangered on October 13, 1970 (35 FR 16047), and State-listed as endangered on June 27, 1971 (CDFG 2011b). A recovery plan for the species was published in 1980 (Service 1980) and was revised in 1985 (Service 1985). Critical habitat was never designated. The breeding range of the least tern population includes specific localized breeding colonies occupied from about April to September each year. Colonies are usually in proximity to lagoons or estuary or river confluences with the ocean environs where they obtain most of the small fish they consume, although they may also forage up to 3.2 to 4.8 km (2 to 3 mi) from the beach in the near shore.

Large numbers of least terns breed on Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP), 19 to 22 km (12 to 14 mi) south of the project area. In 2006, there were 1,423 nesting pairs of least terns at MCBCP (Marschalek 2007), with most (1,265) of these pairs documented at the mouth of the Santa Margarita River. The nearest colonies to the project area were at White Beach, about 22 km (14 mi) south of the proposed beach fill site where 137 pairs bred in 2006 and at Red Beach, about 19 km (12 mi) south of the project site where 21 pairs bred (Marschalek 2007). The Oceanside borrow site is within the foraging range of the Santa Margarita River colony. Least terns are known to use the near shore waters for foraging as they make their northbound and southbound migration treks. There are no known records of least terns using the Pier sandy beach habitat for nesting or for night roosts.

Western Snowy Plover
The coastal population of the western snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus, “snowy plover”) was listed as threatened on March 5, 1993 (58 FR 12864). A recovery plan for this species was finalized in 2007 (Service 2007). Designation of critical habitat was published in the Federal Register on December 7, 1999 (64 FR 68507), and was last revised in 2005 (Service 2005). This population is defined as those individuals that nest adjacent to tidal waters and includes all nesting birds on the mainland coast, peninsulas, offshore islands, adjacent bays, estuaries, and coastal rivers. The breeding range extends along the Pacific coast of North America from southern Washington to southern Baja California, Mexico. The winter range is 1036 930
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somewhat broader and may extend to Central America (Page et al. 1995); however, most snowy plovers winter south of California.

The nesting habitat of the coastal population is mainly dune-backed beaches, barrier beaches, salt flats, and salt evaporation ponds. Habitat of wintering birds includes beaches where nesting is not known to occur. In the U.S., over 150 currently used or historical nesting and/or wintering areas have been identified, most of which (about 85 percent) are in California (Corps 2010).

Although it is possible that snowy plovers intermittently use the beaches within the project area during the winter months and during migration, the project area has not been documented as an important wintering area nor have snowy plovers been documented to nest within the project area, which consists of beaches subjected to a high degree of human use. San Onofre Beach, about 8 km (5 mi) south of the proposed project area, in northern San Diego County, has been designated as critical habitat for the snowy plover (Service 2005). Snowy plovers have nested along less than 15 km (9.3 mi) of coastline on MCBCP, including the southernmost portions of Gold Beach, near the marsh area of Red Beach, around protected least tern sites at the mouth of Aliso Creek at White Beach, along most of Section F or Cockleburr Beach, and in the Santa Margarita River Estuary at Blue Beach and generally along open beach areas in between (Forster 2010).

Marine Mammals
Two species of federally threatened pinnipeds, Guadalupe fur seal (Arctocephalus townsendi) and the Stellar sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), and six species of federally endangered whales, blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), sei whale (B. borealis), fin whale (B. physalus), humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), northern right whale (Blaena glacialis), and sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), potentially occur in the nearshore waters off San Clemente and Oceanside. These species potentially could occur in project area waters; however, their presence is considered highly unlikely and is not expected.

IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ON BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES Implementation of the proposed initial and subsequent beach replenishment efforts are expected to result in direct, indirect, and cumulative effects to biological resources during dredging, staging of equipment offshore of the beach replenishment sites, and placement of sand on the replenishment sites. These effects are expected to include direct mortality to biological resources, especially benthic invertebrates. Indirect effects could also occur from increased turbidity, night lighting, and migration of sand from the replenishment sites onto reef and surfgrass areas. Cumulative effects could be experienced over the course of the proposed project through the repetitive replenishment of the beach areas.

Bottlenose dolphins are the marine mammal most likely to occur within the project area.

However, it is assumed that these and other marine mammals will avoid the project area since they have a much wider foraging area than will be impacted by the project. 1037 931
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Impacts to Birds and Benthic Invertebrates [15 m (50 ft) Beach Width] Dredging operations will impact approximately 37 ha (91 ac) at Borrow Area 2 [including 3.7 ha (9.1 ac) at Borrow Area 2A) over the 50-year life of the project (Figure 3). Dredging operations at the borrow site will result in the mortality of any benthic invertebrates present. This will cause a temporary reduction in the localized prey base for fishes that feed on benthic invertebrates within the immediate borrow site. It is assumed that the benthic community will be able to recover within between 6 months and 2 years [California State Lands Commission (CSLC) 2001].

Beach fill operations will also impact the invertebrates present in the sandy intertidal areas. This loss of prey base could affect shorebirds that forage in the intertidal area. It is anticipated that shorebirds will avoid the project area. Additionally, the loss of prey base is considered to be temporary since the sandy intertidal invertebrate community has been observed to recover from sand burial within a few months (Burlas et al. 2001, Parr and Lacy 1978).

Dredging and beach fill operations generate turbidity plumes, which could impact invertebrates and fish and could hinder sight-feeding birds, such as the brown pelican, from capturing their fish prey. Turbidity may also affect the light regime, which may impact the surfgrass and kelp habitat. The size and extent of the turbidity plumes that could be created is unknown. Therefore, the level of impact from the turbidity plumes on in-water flora and fauna and to sight-feeding birds is unknown. The high sand content of the dredged material is expected to limit the extent of turbidity plumes from both the dredging and beach fill operations. For the dredging operations, the use of a hopper dredge and site depth is also expected to limit the amount of turbidity underwater and at the water surface. For the beach fill operations, placement of sediments behind a berm is expected to confine turbidity plumes to primarily the naturally turbid surf zone and associated rip currents. In addition, it is anticipated that shorebirds will avoid the immediate areas where people and equipment are constructing the beach.

The greater amount of sand on San Clemente beach following beach nourishment may have a beneficial effect on marine birds by increasing resting habitat. A beach nourishment project in Encinitas performed by the SANDAG appeared to have a positive effect on bird use of the receiver beaches (SAIC 2005). Prior to beach nourishment, few birds were observed on beaches with extensive cobble cover or shallow sand depths in the upper and middle intertidal zones.

Following beach nourishment, the total number of bird species and bird abundance increased on receiver sites and was higher than on non-receiver sites. The increase in bird use at the sand placement sites following beach nourishment was thought to be a result of the greater beach widths created by the beach nourishment project.

The project is not anticipated to impact the least tern or the snowy plover. The project is scheduled to occur completely outside of the least tern breeding season (April 1 – September 15), and snowy plovers have not been documented (either none were detected or surveys were not conducted) to nest or winter within the project area (Service 2011a, b), which consists of beaches subjected to a high degree of human use.
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Impacts to Sensitive Habitats [15 m (50 ft) Beach Width] Sensitive habitats, including kelp beds, surfgrass, and rocky intertidal areas may be impacted by sand placement, anchors for the mono buoy (where the hopper dredge will moor while it discharges sand to the beach), and the placement of the sinker pipeline that will pump sediment to shore from the hopper dredge. Impacts from these activities could include crushing organisms, burial of organisms, and scraping surfgrass, algae, or attached invertebrates.

Surfgrass and giant kelp are considered to be particularly valuable marine habitats because they provide shelter for fishes and invertebrates and attachment sites for sessile invertebrates and form the basis of many marine food chains, both as living material and detritus. Surfgrass and giant kelp beds occur in limited areas along the southern California coast, usually on hard bottom substrate, compared to much more common soft bottom habitat.

The sand placement footprint does not include any kelp beds, surfgrass, or rocky intertidal areas (Figure 6). Pre-construction surveys will be conducted to identify anchor and pipeline locations to avoid sensitive resources. Most of the surfgrass grows on T-Street Reef, so it is possible to avoid this reef when laying the pipeline. To avoid impacts to reefs that support kelp and other sensitive species, such as gorgonians and surfgrass, the hopper dredge will moor inshore of these reefs, which are located about 300 to 400 m (1,000 to 1,300 ft) from the beach. In addition, the sand placement footprint does not include any sensitive habitats. Therefore, it is anticipated that direct impacts to sensitive habitats will be avoided.

After initial placement, the sand may move upcoast, downcoast, or offshore, depending on the magnitude, direction, and period of waves, and eventually establish an equilibrium footprint in which cross shore sand movement is expected to occur (Figure 6). Monitoring of the SANDAG beach fill project at Oceanside showed a net sand movement to the south, although some northerly movement occurred during summer months (due to south swells). The beach in San Clemente is more south facing than Oceanside and therefore could be subject to more northerly movement during summer months. The sand is expected to move out of the equilibrium footprint within 6 years.

The nearest significant rocky intertidal area to project area is at Mariposa Point, about 485 m (1,600 ft) north of the northern end of the beach fill site at Linda Lane. According to the predicted equilibrium footprint, sand is not expected to extend as far north as Mariposa Point.

The predicted equilibrium footprint suggests that most of the sediment accumulation will occur in the inshore area to about 259 m (850 ft) from the shoreline (Figure 6). Surfgrass in this area grows on 0.3 to 0.6 m (1 to 2 ft) boulders and has average blade lengths of 0.6 to 0.9 m (2 to 3 ft). Burial of surfgrass and reef on the outer portions of T-Street reef is expected to be minimal.

Therefore, the equilibrium footprint is expected to result in a range of impacts between no burial of surfgrass on the larger rocks and partial burial on the smaller boulders.

The roots and rhizomes of surfgrass are normally exposed (Craig et al. 2008), and the degree of sand burial surfgrass can withstand is not well documented (SANDAG 2000). Studies have 1039 933
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demonstrated that short-term burial of surfgrass results in shoot mortality, decreased shoot counts, and reduced growth (Craig et al. 2008). CRM (2000) observed surfgrass in the deepest portion of T-Street Reef with two-thirds of its blades covered with sand, which suggests surfgrass can withstand temporary burial of up to two-thirds of its blade length. However, surfgrasses have late successional traits, and experiments have demonstrated that the recovery of surfgrass after disturbance was slow and variable (Craig et al. 2008, Turner 1985).

Surfgrass appears to be an important habitat for near-shore fishes, and studies demonstrate that surfgrass loss from disturbance has negative effects on recruitment (Galst and Anderson 2008).

Galst and Anderson (2008) experimentally disturbed reefs by removing surfgrass, which resulted in significant decreases in the density of fish recruitment. This loss of fish density may reduce the available prey base for shorebirds.

Re-nourishment [15 m (50 ft) Beach Width]
Impacts to marine organisms from re-nourishment, about every 6 years, will be expected to be similar to those of initial beach construction. Each re-nourishment event will involve about 192,000 m3 for an estimated eight re-nourishment cycles over the project life.

Rocky Reef/Surfgrass Monitoring, Mitigation, and Reporting Plan (as proposed by the Corps)
Rocky Reef/Surfgrass Habitat
This appendix outlines 1) a pre- and post-construction monitoring program for rocky reef/surfgrass habitat in the San Clemente Pier area (Reach 6) to determine if project mitigation would be necessary; 2) a preliminary mitigation implementation plan, if mitigation is determined to be necessary; and 3) a preliminary mitigation monitoring plan, if mitigation is determined to be necessary. The final monitoring plan will be prepared during the pre-construction engineering design (PED) phase of the project. The details of these plans will be finalized in conference with knowledgeable, experienced, and qualified marine ecologists. The monitoring shall be performed by knowledgeable, experienced, and qualified marine biologists. These knowledgeable, experienced, and qualified marine ecologists may come from a variety of various agencies, organizations, institutions, or community centers of practice and expertise, such as academia - University of California, Corps Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Southwest Fisheries Sciences Center, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Ecological Research Center, other federal and state agencies, as well as consulting marine ecologists. CDFG, FWS, and NMFS regulatory resources agency staff will also be involved with the review process.

Pre- and Post-Construction Monitoring Plan
The Proposed Project has been designed to avoid or minimize impacts to sensitive biological resources to the maximum extent practicable. Currently, potential project impacts have been identified using a conservative coastal engineering model. The nature of the coastal engineering 1040 934
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model has uncertainties due to multiple variables within the natural environment. Impacts to rocky reef and surfgrass reef are expected to be none to very minor, but currently are unknown.

A post-construction monitoring strategy has been developed to determine if the project results in permanent loss of either rocky reef and/or surf grass. Based on the model, it is estimated that in a worst case scenario about 20 percent of the reef or 0.4 ha (1 ac) may be impacted by the beach fill. For the purpose of costing, it is assumed that 0.4 ha (1 ac) of surfgrass and an additional 0.4 ha (1 ac) of reef without surfgrass could be impacted and require compensatory mitigation.

Mitigation would be triggered only if certain conditions occur during, and persist through, the two year post-construction monitoring period, as there may be transitory effects and subsequent recovery that would not be apparent in a shorter period of time. Persist means that observed sand burial of reef and/or loss of surfgrass continues to be significantly different on T-street reef compared to controls in all monitoring periods after the initial observed effect. During the two year post-construction monitoring, the reference site will be monitored to assess the natural variation, if possible, in rocky reef and surfgrass reef. Other published and unpublished literature will also be used in this analysis.

The following criterion is suggested as a potential trigger for implementing the potential mitigation.
• A persistent decrease in surfgrass cover or surfgrass density and an increase in sand cover and/or depth that is statistically significantly different than the controls and the baseline at the 0.05 confidence level (i.e., p-value = 0.05).

Actual triggers would be determined in coordination with knowledgeable, experienced, and qualified marine biologists and specific resource agencies prior to initiation of post-construction monitoring activities. These knowledgeable, experienced, and qualified marine ecologists may come from a variety of various agencies, organizations, institutions, or community centers of practice and expertise, such as academia - University of California, Corps Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Southwest Fisheries Sciences Center, USGS Western Ecological Research Center, other federal and state agencies, as well as consulting marine ecologists. CDFG, FWS, and NMFS regulatory resources agency staff will also be involved with the review process.

Proposed Pre- and Post-Construction Monitoring Activities Prior to the implementation of the monitoring program, the extent of reef habitat throughout the entire predicted equilibrium footprint for the project will be mapped using side scan sonar or another appropriate method. This information will be used in the Monitoring Plan to establish transect lines.

Transects shall be established in the rocky reef area containing the surfgrass bed on T-Street reef (Project area) and in a control area of similar depth upcoast of the beach fill near Mariposa Point.

Mariposa Point is considered an appropriate control because 1) it is close to the Project area and thus subjected to a similar wave climate, 2) supports surfgrass at a range of depths similar to TStreet reef, and 3) is upcoast of the beach fill out of the path of littoral drift, which is strongly 1041 935
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downcoast in the San Clemente area. The transects shall be permanent transects with repeated use during all monitoring stages. Transects should cover, at a minimum, the inshore portion, middle, and offshore portion of the reef. The same number of transects should be established in the control area as in the T-Street reef area, and the transects should be at similar depths. On each transect, the following parameters should be monitored at a minimum: 1) surfgrass density (i.e., number of shoots per square meter), 2) percent cover of surfgrass, sand, and rock, and 3) sand depth. The line intercept method is recommended for measuring percent cover and sand depth.

Transects should be monitored at the following intervals:

Pre-project monitoring (two years previous to beach nourishment):
- Twice within winter/spring
- Twice within summer/fall
Pre-project baseline monitoring (one year previous to beach nourishment):
- within one month prior to start
- 3 months prior to start
- 6 months prior to start
- 1 year prior to start
Post-construction:

Year One
- within one month after completion
- 3 months after completion
- 6 months after completion
- 1 year after completion
Year Two
- Twice within winter/spring
- Twice within summer/fall
Biological resources within the project area identified as potentially being impacted include surfgrass patches and rocky reef habitat at T-Street. Because a survey was not conducted to delineate the T-street reef, the general area of the T-street reef was based on the outer extent of mapped surfgrass locations [approximately 2 ha (5 ac)]. Actual delineation of the T-street reef will need to be identified prior to the pre-construction survey. This survey would use side scan sonar or another appropriate methodology to delineate T-street reef and other reef habitat within the potential equilibrium footprint of the sand placement. Potential project impacts to these resources were based on modeling that indicates sand movement may extend to the offshore/outer edge of the reef; however, sand at the offshore/outer edge of the reef would be thin and not significant. Potential burial of the inshore edge of T-Street reef is uncertain; however, in a reasonable worst case scenario, approximately 20 percent of the inshore edge of the T-Street reef area [about 0.4 ha (1 ac)] may be buried. These knowledgeable, experienced, 1042 936
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and qualified marine ecologists may come from a variety of various agencies, organizations, institutions, or community centers of practice and expertise, such as academia - University of California, Corps Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Southwest Fisheries Sciences Center, USGS Western Ecological Research Center, other federal and state agencies, as well as consulting marine ecologists. CDFG, FWS, and NMFS regulatory resources agency staff will also be involved with the review process. If significant impacts to these biological resources are observed, renourishment events would be modified to avoid or minimize impacts to the extent practicable and project mitigation would be implemented.

Pre- and Post-Construction Monitoring Costs
Pre-construction Monitoring
This cost assumes that permanent transects will be established. One day is allotted to install the markers and up to four days to conduct the survey at both the reference site and T-street reef, taking into consideration the wave environment in the project area and assuming three transects.

This survey is assumed to occur within one year prior to construction activities. a. Side-scan sonar survey $200,000
b. Pre-construction Monitoring:
(two years prior to beach nourishment):
o Twice within winter/spring; Twice within summer/fall: $131,000 c. Pre-construction Baseline Monitoring:
(one year prior to beach nourishment):
o 4 events (one month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year) $120,000 d. Pre-construction Report (2 years prior and 1 year prior) $ 10,000 Subtotal $461,000
Post-Construction Monitoring
This cost assumes that permanent transects will be established. One day is allotted to find or reinstall the markers and up to four days to conduct the survey at both the reference site and Tstreet reef, assuming three transects. a. Year One
o 4 events (one month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year): $120,000 b. Year Two
o Twice within winter/spring; Twice within summer/fall: $ 131,000 c. Post-construction Report (Years One and Two) $ 10,000 Subtotal $261,000
Renourishment Pre- and Post-Construction Surveys
A standardized and consistent survey protocol will be developed during the PED phase for future beach renourishment cycles. The information collected from monitoring during the initial 1043 937
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nourishment event will provide baseline information to compare future beach conditions.

Because baseline information will be readily available for the Project site, the survey protocol for renourishment activities will focus on a single pre- and post-construction survey rather than the monitoring period proposed for initial nourishment activities.

Project Mitigation
If mitigation were required based on results of the post-construction monitoring, rocky reef and surfgrass mitigation shall each be conducted at an equivalent functional value to the impacted area. Because it will take at least two years to identify impacts, some temporal loss of surfgrass, if impacts were to occur, is unavoidable. Recovery of impacted resources will also occur as sand is redistributed within the littoral cell. Additionally, if impacts were to occur, future beach fills would be modified to avoid future impacts; any observed burial of reef or surfgrass would be temporary because sand would be expected to move out of the project area.

Reef habitat mitigation shall be constructed at an equivalent functional value of shallow and deep water reef proportional to the area of surfgrass on reef impacted. The area of surfgrass loss will be mitigated with an equal area of shallow water reef; the area of reef without surfgrass will be mitigated as deep water reef. Shallow water reef would be constructed on the offshore/outer edge of the existing reef; deep water reef would be constructed at approximately 9.1-m (30-ft) water depth. Shallow water reef shall be constructed with a final top elevation of -3.1 to -4.3 m (-10 to -14 ft) Mean Lower Low Water. Construction of a reef that is shallower than the outer edge of T-Street reef is not proposed because construction methods would not be practical (e.g., a barge with the reef construction materials would not be able to operate in very shallow water).

Construction of a very shallow reef would need to be constructed by building a temporary road from shore; such a road would have significant impacts. Although the surfgrass mitigation reef would be deeper than the impact area, if surfgrass transplants are successful, the slightly deeper reef would replace the lost surfgrass resource. Deep water reef shall be constructed similar to the Southern California Edison Reefs constructed as mitigation for the impacts of the San Onofre Nuclear Power Plant. For example, if the monitoring shows 0.4 ha (1 ac) of reef impact and 0.4 ha (1 ac) of surfgrass impact, 0.4 ha (1 ac) of shallow water reef would be constructed and 0.4 ha (1 ac) of deep water reef. Mitigation would be implemented in the Project area at sites to be determined in coordination with knowledgeable, experienced, and qualified marine biologists.

These knowledgeable, experienced, and qualified marine ecologists may come from a variety of various agencies, organizations, institutions, or community centers of practice and expertise, such as academia - University of California, Corps Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Southwest Fisheries Sciences Center, USGS Western Ecological Research Center, other federal and state agencies, as well as consulting marine ecologists. CDFG, FWS, and NMFS regulatory resources agency staff will also be involved with the review process.

Although several studies currently are being conducted to determine how to successfully transplant surfgrass and may show potential for success, success rates to date have not been consistent. Due to the absence of an established, successful method for mitigation of loss of surfgrass itself, proposed mitigation currently is focused upon restoration of the rocky reef that 1044 938
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surfgrass currently uses as habitat. However, as previously described, if it is determined that surfgrass has been affected by the Project and a change is shown not to be due to natural variation, an experimental surfgrass transplant shall be implemented in addition to the construction of a shallow rocky reef. Currently, surfgrass transplant success is much higher for subtidal than for intertidal conditions and, therefore, surfgrass mitigation efforts for this project will focus on subtidal transplants only. The methodology for the surfgrass transplant shall be the transplant of sprigs from a donor bed to the new reef using the method developed by Bull et al. (2004). The contractor may propose an alternative transplant method, if evidence can be presented that the alternative method has as great or greater chance of success as the sprig transplant method. To avoid harvesting effects to the subject surfgrass bed, donor material will be taken from a larger area of surfgrass.

A fraction of the shallow water reef shall be test planted with surfgrass. The transplant will be conducted in the late summer/early fall, the time of year when most surfgrass seeds are released and germinate in southern California.

An area equal to approximately 25 percent of the surfgrass impact area [not to exceed 0.04 ha (0.1 ac)] will be test planted. Success of the transplant shall be determined after six months based on survivorship, percentage change in the number of leaves and the amount of areal coverage. The experimental transplant will be considered successful if the sprigs survive and there is a net increase in number of leaves and aerial coverage. Experimental surfgrass transects have shown that if the transplant is not successful, the transplants die and the reef is bare. If the transplants survive, surfgrass grows. If the test transplant is successful, the remainder of the surfgrass impact area will be planted on the shallow water reef with surfgrass. If the test transplant is unsuccessful, mitigation will be conducted out of kind using kelp transplant on the deep water reef at an equivalent functional value; one acre, in the case of the costed scenario.

Project Mitigation Monitoring Plan
Similar to the Post-Construction Monitoring Plan, transects shall be established in the rocky reef area containing the surfgrass bed on the mitigation reef (if the experimental surfgrass transplant is successful) and in a reference site (control area) of similar depth upcoast near Mariposa Point.

The transects shall be permanent transects. The same number of transects should be established in the control area as in the mitigation areas and transects should be at similar depths. On each surfgrass transect, the following parameters should be monitored at a minimum: 1) surfgrass density (i.e., number of shoots per square meter), 2) percent cover of surfgrass, sand, and rock, 3) sand depth, and 4) identification and quantity of flora and fauna. The line intercept method is recommended for measuring percent cover and sand depth. 1045 939
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Transects should be monitored at the following intervals, if successful:

Post-mitigation implementation:

Year One
- within one month after completion
- 3 months after completion
- 6 months after completion
- 1 year after completion
Years Two through Five
- Once within winter/spring
- Once within summer/fall
Success Criteria
Success criteria of surfgrass would include determining if measured parameters are significantly different than the reference transects. Success criteria for the mitigation reef itself would include no complete permanent burial of the reef. Because of the predominantly sandy bottom environment in the project area, placement of the deep water rocky reef would be considered successful if a characteristic invertebrate and fish community were to become established. On each surfgrass transect, the following parameters should be monitored and evaluated at a minimum: 1) surfgrass density (i.e., number of shoots per square meter), 2) percent cover of surfgrass, sand, and rock, 3) sand depth, and 4) identification and quantity of flora and fauna.

The line intercept method is recommended for measuring percent cover and sand depth. Specific success criteria will be developed during the Preconstruction, Engineering and Design (PED) phase. General success criteria will consist of the following:

1. Approximately 50% - 60% of the fish, invertebrates, and algae found at the reference site occur at the mitigation site two years post-mitigation.

2. Approximately 50% - 60% of surfgrass survival at the mitigation site two years postmitigation implementation.

Project Mitigation Monitoring Costs
Reef Construction and Transplant Costs
Costs for reef construction and transplant costs would be based on actual impacts. The estimated costs for 0.4 ha (1 ac) of shallow surfgrass reef and 0.4 ha (1 ac) of deep water reef are provided below for reference. This scenario assumes successful test transplant operations. If test transplant operations are not successful, then compensatory mitigation would be triggered.

Shallow water reef design and construction (1 acre) $2 million

Deep water reef construction (1 acre) $500,000
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Surfgrass transplant (1 acre)
Test (0.1 acre) $25,000
Mitigation – if Test successful (0.9 acre) $225,000
Subtotal (test successful) $2,750,000

Deep water reef construction (1 acre) $500,000

Surfgrass transplant (1 acre)
Test (0.1 acre) $25,000
Subtotal (test not successful) $525,000
Project Mitigation Monitoring Activities
a. Year One $120,000
o after implementation - 4 events (one month, 3
months, 6 months, 1 year)
b. Year Two $65,500
o 2 events (once within winter/spring; once within
summer/fall)
c. Annual Report Years One and Two $5,000
Subtotal (test successful) $190,500
Compensatory Mitigation
If the surfgrass test planting is not successful, then out-of-kind and potentially off-site compensatory mitigation that has an equivalent functional value to the area of surfgrass on reef impacted is to occur via kelp planting on the deep water reef constructed during the previous project mitigation. Using the example of 0.4 ha (1 ac) of reef impacts and 0.4 ha (1 ac) of surfgrass impacts, if the surfgrass transplant is not successful, 0.4 ha (1 ac) of kelp will be planted on the 0.4 ha (1 ac) of deep water reef built during the project mitigation. All mitigation for kelp shall be monitored for 5 years.

Compensatory Mitigation Monitoring Plan
Similar to the Post-Construction Monitoring Plan, transects shall be established in the rocky reef area containing the kelp bed on the deep water mitigation reef (if the surfgrass transplant is unsuccessful) and in a reference site (control area) of similar depth upcoast near Mariposa Point.

The transects shall be permanent transects. The same number of transects should be established in the control area as in the mitigation areas and transects should be at similar depths. On each kelp transect, the following parameters should be monitored at a minimum: 1) kelp density (number of kelp plants per square meter) of each age class, 2) holdfast diameter of each adult kelp plant on the transect, 3) number of stipes of each adult kelp plant on the transect and 4) identification and quantity of associated flora and fauna. 1047 941
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Transects should be monitored at the following intervals:

Post-compensatory mitigation implementation:

Year One
- within one month after completion
- 3 months after completion
- 6 months after completion
- 1 year after completion
Years Two through Five
- Once within winter/spring
- Once within summer/fall
Success Criteria
Success criteria of kelp would include determining if the measured parameters are significantly different than the reference transects. Success criteria for the mitigation reef itself (if it is not planted with kelp) would include no complete permanent burial of the reef. Because of the predominantly sandy bottom environment in the project area, placement of the deep water rocky reef would be considered successful if a characteristic invertebrate and fish community were to become established. On each kelp transect, the following parameters should be monitored and evaluated at a minimum: 1) kelp density (number of kelp plants per square meter) of each age class, 2) holdfast diameter of each adult kelp plant on the transect, 3) number of stipes of each adult kelp plant on the transect and 4) identification and quantity of associated flora and fauna.

Specific success criteria will be developed during the Preconstruction, Engineering and Design (PED) phase. General success criteria will consist of the following:

1. Approximately 50% - 60% of the fish, invertebrates, and algae found at the reference site occur at the mitigation site two years post-mitigation.

2. Approximately 50% - 60% of kelp survival at the mitigation site two years postmitigation implementation.

Compensatory Mitigation Installation/Implementation Costs Kelp Transplant Costs
Costs for transplant costs would be based on actual impacts. The costs of reef construction are included above in Project Mitigation for the surfgrass mitigation. This assumes the shallow water reef and deep water reef that were constructed during the Project Mitigation will not be removed; the costs for the compensatory mitigation would be in addition to the Project Mitigation costs above. The estimated costs for a one acre kelp transplant are provided below for reference. This scenario assumes unsuccessful test surfgrass transplant operations. 1048 942
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Kelp Transplant [0.4 ha (1 ac)] $50,000
Subtotal (test unsuccessful) $50,000
Compensatory Mitigation Monitoring Activities (Only if test transplant is unsuccessful and deep water rocky reef is constructed)
a. Year One $120,000
o after implementation - 4 events (one month, 3
months, 6 months, 1 year)
b. Year Two $65,500
o 2 events (once within winter/spring; once within
summer/fall)
c. Annual Report Years One and Two $5,000
Subtotal (test unsuccessful) $190,500
Summary of Pre and Post Construction Monitoring
Activity Cost
Pre-construction monitoring
Side-scan sonar1 [$200,000]
2 years prior to construction - 4 events $131,000
1 year prior to construction – 4 events $120,000
Pre-construction report $10,000
Subtotal $261,000
Post-construction monitoring
Year 1 – 4 events $120,000
Year 2 – 4 events $131,000
Post-construction report $10,000
Subtotal $261,000
Total Pre and Post Construction Monitoring2 $522,000
1 = Side scan sonar is already within coastal engineering monitoring and it will be completed and shared data
2 = the pre and post monitoring costs are not part of the mitigation costs; they are scheduled for implementation whether mitigation is necessary and implemented or not necessary and therefore not implemented.
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Summary of Mitigation and Monitoring Costs
Mitigation and Monitoring - Surfgrass
1 acre shallow reef construction $2,000,000
1 acre deep reef construction $500,000
1 acre surfgrass transplant
Test (0.1 acre) $25,000
Mitigation – if test successful (0.9 acre) $225,000
Year 1 monitoring - 4 events (if test successful) $120,000 Year 2 monitoring - 2 events (if test successful) $65,500 Report (if test successful) $5,000
Subtotal $2,940,500
Mitigation and Monitoring - Kelp
1 acre shallow reef construction $2,000,000
1 acre deep reef construction $500,000
1 acre surfgrass transplant
Test (0.1 acre) $25,000
1 acre kelp transplant (if test not successful) $50,000 Year 1 monitoring - 4 events (if test not successful) $120,000 Year 2 monitoring - 2 events (if test not successful) $65,500 Report (if test not successful) $5,000
Subtotal $2,765,500
Summary Mitigation and Monitoring Cost3
Mitigation – Surfgrass successful (Transplant Surfgrass) $2,940,500 Mitigation – Surfgrass not successful (Transplant Kelp) $2,765,500 3 = The cost for the Mitigation – Surfgrass successful (Transplant Surfgrass) includes the cost of constructing both shallow and deep rocky reef as does Mitigation – Surfgrass not successful (Transplant Kelp).

In addition to the information in the MMRP, the Corps’ July 14, 2011, email confirms that, if adverse significant impacts are still observed after all reasonable attempts to avoid or minimize impacts have been exhausted, subsequent modified beach renourishment would not occur until impacted surfgrass or reef has recovered or compensatory mitigation is completed.

RECOMMENDATIONS
The FWCA states that "...wildlife conservation shall receive equal consideration and be coordinated with other features of water-resource development projects through the effectual and harmonious planning, development, maintenance, and coordination of wildlife conservation...." (16 U.S.C. 661). The revised MMRP above does not fully address the resource agencies’ comments and concerns. Incorporation of the following recommendations would address the resource agencies’ comments and concerns to avoid, minimize, and compensate for impacts to fish and wildlife resources associated with the San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project:
1) There is a great deal of uncertainty regarding the ability to mitigate impacts to surfgrass inkind. In addition, the Corps has indicated that a 10-m (33-ft) beach width would achieve the project purpose of storm damage protection and yield an acceptable benefit-cost ratio 1050 944
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for the project. Therefore, the Corps should limit the project to a 10-m (33-ft) beach width to help ensure that significant long-term impacts to surfgrass do not occur and to minimize potential mitigation risks/costs.
2) Only baseline surveys with transects approximately 70 m (230 ft) apart have been completed, which likely did not capture all of the surfgrass/reef resources in the projected equilibrium footprint in which sand movement and burial is expected to occur. In addition, the entire 2-ha (5-ac) T-Street Reef is projected to be in the equilibrium footprint.

Therefore, the MMRP assumption of up to only 0.81 ha (2 ac) of surfgrass/reef impacts may significantly underestimate project impacts, and the MMRP should be revised to assume at least 2 ha (5 ac) of surfgrass/reef impacts to help ensure that adequate funds are budgeted for potential mitigation costs.
3) The MMRP proposes to monitor surfgrass/reef mitigation for only 2 years, while it proposes 5 years of monitoring for kelp mitigation. There is no justification for this discrepancy, especially given the uncertainties of surfgrass restoration. Therefore, the MMRP should be revised to include at least 5 years of monitoring of surfgrass/ reef mitigation.
4) The MMRP proposes to mitigate impacts to shallow reef with deep water reef, without sufficient justification as to why it is not feasible to restore shallow reef. This could lead to significant cumulative loss of shallow reef. Therefore, the MMRP should be revised to require impacts to shallow reef be mitigated in-kind, unless the resource agencies concur that this is not feasible and that potential cumulative loss of shallow reef is expected to be minimal.
5) The MMRP proposes to allow impacts to surfgrass to be mitigated with kelp restoration if initial test surfgrass restoration plots fail, which could lead to significant cumulative loss of surfgrass. Therefore, the MMRP should be revised to require impacts to surfgrass be only mitigated in-kind, unless the resource agencies concur that sufficient research and testing has shown that this is not feasible and potential cumulative loss of surfgrass is expected to be minimal.
6) The MMRP does not address potential impacts to the intertidal reef at Mariposa Point north of the beach replenishment site. Although net sand transport in the vicinity of the beach replenishment site is expected to be to the south, Mariposa Point is not far enough north of the project site to assume that no impacts will occur to the intertidal reef there. Therefore, the MMRP should be revised to include monitoring of the intertidal reef at Mariposa Point and mitigation for any significant long term impacts.
7) The MMRP proposes to use Mariposa Point as the only control site assessing impacts from Corps beach replenishment project. However, Mariposa Point could be impacted by the Corps beach replenishment project as well as by the City’s opportunistic beach replenishment program. In addition, the use of only one control may not be able to distinguish impacts from beach replenishment from natural variability. Therefore, the 1051 945
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MMRP should be revised to include multiple control sites approved by the resource agencies.
8) Mitigation measures should be planned and provided for prior to or concurrent with project impacts and supplemented as needed to offset any additional, significant long-term adverse impacts documented by the monitoring program. This is especially important for surfgrass because of the uncertainties of surfgrass restoration and at least a 2- to 5-year temporal loss of functions between time of impact and restoration success. If mitigation is not provided in advance of project impacts, the MMRP should be revised to include adequate compensation to address temporal losses as agreed to by the resource agencies. 9) The Corps should monitor the extent of turbidity plumes at the dredge and beach replenishment site throughout the duration of dredging and sand placement activities, or until such point that the resource agencies concur that monitoring is no longer necessary.

The MMRP should be revised to include a plan to monitor and report the extent of turbidity plumes and establish acceptable levels and thresholds, which could potentially trigger additional measures. Weekly reports should be submitted to the resource agencies. 10) The MMRP should be revised to include the provision that if significant impacts to surfgrass/reef resources are documented, subsequent modified beach re-nourishment will not occur until the resource agencies concur that mitigation for those impacts is successfully completed, or impacted surfgrass or reef has recovered. 11) After the comprehensive PED phase biological surveys, the Corps should revise the MMRP and receive written concurrence from the resource agencies that it fully addresses mitigation of impacts, criteria for triggering mitigation, success criteria, and monitoring and reporting requirements.
12) The Corps should include the costs of mitigation recommended by the resource agencies in any project budget submitted to Congress for approval. Prior to project implementation, the Corps and City should identify a funding mechanism to guarantee that future funding will be available to implement the mitigation program in the event that mitigation costs exceed the funds appropriated by Congress. For example, funds could be secured by the City through a letter of credit, endowment account, or other legal mechanism approved by the resource agencies sufficient to guarantee mitigation will be implemented to offset adverse impacts of the project.
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San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project 40
United States Fish and Wildlife Service (Service). 2011a. 2006 and 2007 Winter Snowy Plover Survey. http://www.fws.gov/arcata/es/birds/WSP/documents/2006- 07%20Winter%20Window%20Survey%20final%20range-wide.pdf. (Accessed January 12, 2011.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (Service). 2011b. 2010 Summer Window Survey for Snowy Plovers on U.S. Pacific Coast with 2005-2009 Results for Comparison. http://www.fws.gov/arcata/es/birds/WSP/documents/Pacific%20Coast%20SNPL%20201 0%20breeding%20survey.pdf. (Accessed January 12, 2011). 1057 951
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FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMP ACT

SAN CLEMENTE SHORELINE PROTECTION PROJECT
Orange County, California
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District (USA CE) has conducted an environmental analysis in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended. The Final Supplemental Environmental Assessment (SEA) dated April 2023, for the San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project evaluates minor modifications and environmental compliance updates for the proposed project that had previously been addressed in the June 2011 Final Environmental [mpact Report/Environmental Impact Statement (EIR/EIS).

The 2011 EIR/EIS and Feasibility Study, incorporated herein by reference, evaluated various alternatives that would stabilize and nourish locally starved beaches in San Clemente to remediate beach erosion damage to and protect existing structures including the Los Angeles to San Diego (LOSSAN) Rail Line. The recommended plan identified in that document, which has since been authorized by Congress consists of recurring placement of sand onto San Clemente Beach, centered about the San Clemente municipal pier, to protect the railroad and beach structures from damage by ocean waves. The railroad on either side of the fill area is protected by a riprap revetment constructed and maintained by the Southern California Railroad Association (SCRRA). The design beach fill consists of a 50 foot wide beach, approximately 3,600 feet long and a design foreshore slope of 8H:1 V. The material to construct the beach will be dredged from a borrow site located 18 miles to the south offshore of Oceanside Harbor.

Approximately 250,000 cubic yards of material will be placed during each episode. An estimated nine dredging and beach fill episodes are planned to occur over a SO-year period, beginning in 2023.

The 2023 SEA provides an updated environmental analysis including additional environmental commitments and documents updated compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations. It also includes minor modifications to the project description. The No Action Alternative described in the 2023 SEA, for comparison purposes, would be to implement the authorized project as described in the 2011 EIR/EIS, without the proposed modifications, updated environmental commitments or updated compliance. The Proposed Action Alternative is to implement minor modifications to the authorized plan, including additional environmental commitments to implement conservation measures and permit requirements that were included in updated compliance documentation including a 2023 biological opinion from the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and a Section 401 Water Quality Certification from the California Regional Water Quality Control Board.

For both alternatives, the potential effects were evaluated, as appropriate. A summary assessment of the potential effects of the Proposed Action are listed in Table 1:
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Table 1: Summary of Potential Effects of the Proposed Action Insignificant Insignificant Resource
effects effects as a unaffected
result of by action
mitigation
Aesthetics □ □ [gj
Air quality 181 □ □
Aquatic resources/wetlands [gj □ □
Invasive species 181 □ □
Fish and wildlife habitat 181 □ □
Threatened/Endangered species/critical habitat □ [gj □
Transpo1iation 181 □ □
Cultural resources □ □ 181
Floodplains □ □ 181
Hazardous, toxic & radioactive waste □ □ 181
Hydrology ~ □ □
Land use ~ □ □
Navigation ~ □ □
Noise levels ~ □ □
Public infrastructure [gj □ □
Socioeconomics [gj □ □
Environmental justice [gj □ □
Soils □ □ ~
Tribal trust resources □ □ ~
Water quality ~ □ □
Climate change ~ □ □
Recreation Uses ~ □ □
All practicable and appropriate means to avoid or minimize adverse environmental effects were analyzed and incorporated into the Proposed Action. Environmental commitments as detailed in the Final SEA will be implemented, as appropriate, to minimize impacts. The contractor shall implement a Water Quality Monitoring Plan at the dredge and beach placement sites. Beach placement will be limited to a diked, single-point placement site or similar methodology to minimize nearshore turbidity. Construction activity on the beach shall be conducted 12 hours per day, 7 days a week. This restriction does not apply to dredging activities or pumping of sand onto the beach.

A public notice of this Supplemental EA was published in September 2022.

Pursuant to section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, the USA CE determined that the Proposed Action may affect and is likely to adversely affect the following federally listed species: Green sea tu1tle. The USACE initiated formal consultation with NMFS u
1060 954
on December 9, 2022. NMFS issued a Biological Opinion with conservation measures, terms and conditions, and recommendations to avoid, minimize or offset potential impacts to green sea turtles (GST) on May 8, 2023, and the USACE has incorporated those measures and recommendations into the Environmental Commitments outlined in Section 5.0 of this SEA.

Pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, the USACE determined that the recommended plan has no adverse effect on historic properties.

Pursuant to the Clean Water Act of 1972, as amended, the discharge of dredged or fill material associated with the recommended plan has been found to be compliant with the section 404(b )( l) Guidelines ( 40 CPR 230). The Clean Water Act Section 404(b )(1) Guidelines evaluation is found in the 2011 EIR/EIS attached as Appendix B. The proposed modifications do not result in new or different effects to Waters of the United States so an updated 404(6 )( 1) evaluation is not required.

A water quality ce1iification pursuant to section 401 of the Clean Water Act was obtained from the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board on November 3, 2022. All conditions of the water quality certification will be implemented to minimize adverse impacts to water quality. The 40lwater quality permit is attached as Appendix C.

A consistency determination (CD) with the California Coastal Zone Management program pursuant to the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 was obtained from the California Coastal Commission for the original proposed action on November 2, 2011 . All conditions of the negative determination shall be implemented in order to minimize adverse impacts to the coastal zone. The CD is attached as Appendix D.

All applicable laws, executive orders, regulations, and local government plans were considered in evaluation of alternatives and coordination with appropriate agencies and officials has been completed. Based on this Final SEA, the reviews by other Federal, State, and local agencies, Tribes, input of the public, and the review by my staff, it is my determination that the recommended plan would not cause significant adverse effects on the qual.ity of the human environment; therefore, preparation of an Environmental impact Statement is not required for the proposed modifications (Proposed Action).
9 May 2023
Date
BAL TEN .J LJ LIE.ANN E.1 Q Digitally signed by
98296626 B
0 ALTENJULIE.ANNE. 109829662~
ate: 2023.05.09 12:24:25 -07'00
Julie A. Balten
Colonel, Corps of Engineers
Commanding
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San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board
Order No. RS-2022-0171
for
Clean Water Act Section 401 Water Quality Certification and Waste Discharge Requirements Order No. 2003-0017-DWQ Effective Date
Project
Program
Project Type
Discharger
Regulatory Measure ID
Place ID
Party ID
Person ID
WDID
San Diego Water Board
Contact
November 3, 2022
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage
Reduction Project
401 Certification
Beach Modification
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
915 Wilshire Boulevard
Los Angeles , CA 90017
449414
883578
564167
631608
9000003833
Darren Bradford Environmental Scientist
(619) 521-3356
darren. [email protected]. gov

CELESTE CANTO, CHAIR I D AVID G IBSO N, EXECUTIVE OFFI CER 2375 North side Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92108-2700 I www.watarboards.ca .gov/sand iego 1006 1112
Table of Contents
I. Findings ............................................................................................................................... 2 A. Order ... ......... ...................................... ...................... .......................... .. .... ........... ............. 2 B. Public Notice ........................ .. ............. ....... ...... ..................... ................. .......................... 2 C. Project Location ................. .............. ................... .......... ........ .............. .. ......... ... ..... ... .... ... 2 D. Project Description ............... ........ ... .... .. .... .............. ............. ........... .. ..................... ......... . 2 E. California Environmental Quality Act Compliance .. .............. .. .................... ...................... 3 F. Receiving Waters Impacted by Project ............................................................................. 3 G. Description of Impacts to Receiving Waters of the United States and/or State ... .......... ... 4 H. Avoidance and Minimization ........................................ .. .................. .......... ....................... 5 I. Compensatory Mitigation ... ............................. ............................ ...................................... 6 J. No Net Loss of Aquatic Resources .. ........................................ .. ............................. ......... 6 II. Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 6 A. Authorization of Project Impacts to Receiving Waters .............................................. ... ..... 6 B. Project Conformance with Water Quality Control Plans or Policies .. .. ....................... ....... 6 C. Compensatory Mitigation .......... ............ ...... ...... ................. ..................... ........... ............... 7 D. Monitoring and Reporting Requirements ........... ..... .... ... ................................................... 7 E. Project Status Notifications .. ........... ....... ........ .............................. ..... ............................. 10 F. Construction and Post-Construction Best Management Practices ............ ..................... 11 G. Standard Provisions ................. ................... ................................................................... 11 H. Document Submittal ............................... .. .. .................................................................... 12 Ill. Water Quality Certification ............................................................................................... 13 ATTACHMENT 1 - Definitions ............................................................................................... 14 ATTACHMENT 2 -Annual Progress Report Requirements ............................................... 17 ATTACHMENT 3 - Construction and Post-Construction Best Management Practices ... 19 ATTACHMENT 4 - Standard Provisions .............................................................................. 23 ATTACHMENT 5-Compliance with 40 CFR Part 121.7(d)(1) ............................................. 28 ATTACHMENT 6- Project Maps ........................................................................................... 33 1 1007 1113
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project I. Findings
A. Order
Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
This order for Clean Water Act section 401 water quality certification and Waste Discharge Requirements (Order) is issued at the request of United States Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District, hereinafter Discharger, for the San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project (Project). The Order provides water quality certification for the Project as described in the application and supplemental material submitted by the Discharger. The application was received on September 22, 2022, and, following receipt of additional information necessary to supplement the initial application, was deemed complete on October 13, 2022.

B. Public Notice
On October 5, 2022, the San Diego Water Board provided public notice of the Project application pursuant to California Code of Regulations, title 23, section 3858 by posting information describing the Project on the San Diego Water Board's web site and providing a period of twenty-one days for public review and comment. No comments were received .

C. Project Location
The Project is located within the City of San Clemente, Orange County, California. Beach quality sand sources will come from the Pacific Ocean offshore from the City of Oceanside. Beach placement site adjacent to the San Clemente Pier is located on San Clemente Beach from Linda Lane to T-Street. The Project's center readings are latitude 33.418717, longitude -117.6206. A map showing the Project location is found in Attachment 6 of the Order.

D. Project Description
The purpose of the Project is to reduce potential storm damages along the coast of San Clemente through nourishment of the beach at the City of San Clemente Pier.

Developing and maintaining the beach is needed to prevent the severe beach erosion that results from winter storms and to prevent damage to adjacent beachfront structures, including the heavily used rail line that runs along the beach through the city. In addition, the loss of sand at the beach would have a negative impact on recreation, which supports the local economy, and would reduce the ecological functioning of the sand beach/littoral zone. The objective of the San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project is:

1. To reduce the potential for storm damages to facilities located along the coast of the City of San Clemente, including recreation beach facilities and the Los Angeles to San Diego (LOSSAN) Rail Corridor, and

2. To restore and maintain recreation use along the Pacific Coast of the City of San Clemente. 2 1008 1114
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
The Discharger proposes to dredge material from offshore Oceanside. The sand will be transported at sea, on a hopper dredge, down to San Clemente and pumped onto the beach. The Project will have a 50-foot resultant beach width. Beach fill will be 3,412 feet long (4 acres) with an approximate 17-foot crest elevation. The dredge volume is estimated to be approximately 251 ,130 cubic yards.

Project activities will not result in permanent impacts to aquatic resources under the jurisdiction of the San Diego Water Board.

E. California Environmental Quality Act Compliance

1. A Joint Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report (EIS/EIR) has been prepared for this Project. The United States Army Corps of Engineers is the Federal lead agency responsible for compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. § 4331 ). The City of San Clemente is the Lead Agency under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (Pub. Resources Code,§§ 21000 et seq.). EIS/EIR

2. The San Diego Water Board is a Responsible Agency under CEQA. The San Diego Water Board has considered the Lead Agency's EIS/EIR and independently finds that the Project as proposed with mitigation measures will not have a significant effect on resources within the San Diego Water Board's purview.

3. As a Responsible Agency under CEQA, the San Diego Water Board will file a Notice of Determination in accordance with CEQA Guidelines section 15096(i).

F. Receiving Waters Impacted by Project
Receiving waters and groundwater potentially impacted by the Project are protected in accordance with the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin (9) (Basin Plan). The Basin Plan designates beneficial uses, establishes water quality objectives, and contains implementation programs and policies to achieve those objectives. The San Diego Water Board adopted the Basin Plan on September 8, 1994. Subsequent revisions to the Basin Plan have also been adopted by the San Diego Water Board and approved by the State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board). The Basin Plan is available at:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sandiego/water issues/programs/basin plan/.

The Order authorizes unavoidable permanent impacts to the Pacific Ocean, within the City of San Clemente. The Pacific Ocean Shoreline have the designated beneficial uses listed below in Table

1. Additionally, The Pacific Ocean at the San Clemente Beach Pier is identified as impaired, under the Clean Water Act Section 303(d) List, where water quality standards are not attained for pollutants listed below in Table 1.
3 1009 1115
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers , Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 01 71
November 3, 2022
Table 1 Beneficial Uses and Impairments of Rece1vm1I Waters Receiving Waters Beneficial Uses 303(d) Impairing Pollutants Existing beneficial uses: Bacteria
Pacific Ocean
Shoreline
Industrial Service Supply (IND),
Navigation (NAV), Contact Water
Recreation (REC-1 ), Non-Contact
Water Recreation (REC-2),
Commercial and Sport Fishing
(Comm), Preservation of
Biological Habitats of Special
Significance (BIOL), Wildlife
Habitat (WILD), Rare, Threatened ,
or Endangered Species (RARE),
Marine Habitat (MAR),
Aquaculture (AQUA), Migration of
Aquatic Organism (MIGR),
Spawning , Reproduction, and/or
Early Development (SPWN), and
Shellfish HarvestinQ (SHELL).

G. Description of Impacts to Receiving Waters of the United States and/or State Project activities will not contribute to additional loading of pollutants identified in Table 1 above because the Project activity is sand replenishment. The expected water quality impacts are limited to localized turbidity within and outside the active surf zone. The Discharger will implement a construction work plan that includes best management practices for avoiding and minimizing impacts to water quality such as erosion control, sediment control, education on work areas, sand placement methods, and good site management "housekeeping." The Discharger will also be responsible for monitoring and removing any trash or debris found in the sand source and at the sand placement sites
4 1010 1116
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
Total direct impacts to the Pacific Ocean attributable to the Project are summarized in Table 2 below. Maps of the impact location(s) are found in Attachment 6 of the Order.

Table 2: Project Fill/Excavation Quantity
Acres Cubic Yards Linear Feet
Temporary lmpact1 NA NA NA
Approximately
251 ,000 cy of
,I beach
compatible sand
Permanent lmpact2 4 for the initial fill
with 3,412 proposed
renourishment
11 events every six
years on
average.

Project activities will not result in a physical loss of area because the Project will use sand for beach sand replacement on the beach adjacent to San Clemente Beach Municipal Pier. Impacts to water quality are expected to dissipate after a full tidal cycle has moved the placed sand into the surf zone. Project activities will not create any indirect impacts to waters of the United States and/or State of California (State).

H. Avoidance and Minimization
The Discharger has demonstrated that the Project was designed to first avoid, then minimize, to the maximum extent practicable, impacts to waters of the United States and/or State. Avoidance and minimization measures are also required by the Project Environmental Impact Report as described in Finding I.E of the Order. The Discharger reports that the Project purpose cannot be practically accomplished in a manner which would avoid or result in less adverse impact to aquatic resources considering all potential practicable alternatives.

The Project qualifies as a Tier 2 project under the State Wetland Definition and Procedures for Discharges of Dredged or Fill Material to Waters of the State. The Discharger completed an Alternatives Analysis, and the Project is the least environmentally damaging practicable alternative.
1 An impact is considered temporary if it is restored to pre-project conditions through natural ecological processes or active restoration. Temporary impacts are therefore not considered a physical loss of area or degradation of ecological condition requiring compensatory mitigation.
2 Permanent impacts permanently change an aquatic resource to a non-aquatic resource or change the bottom elevation of an aquatic resource. Permanent impacts can cause physical loss of area and/or ecological degradation. 5 1011 1117
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
Project avoidance and minimization measures implemented or planned by the Discharger include the use of L-shaped berms to reduce turbidity impacts at the receiving beach. The berm reduces ocean water turbidity by allowing all the sand to settle out inside the bermed area while the seawater is channeled along the berm until it reaches the open end where it drains into the ocean .

I. Compensatory Mitigation
Compensatory mitigation is not required for the Project because the Project will not result in adverse impacts to water quality and will instead result in a net gain in aquatic resource function by restoring the sand portion of the shoreline. The Project impacts to aquatic resources will be offset by the benefits of replenishing sand along San Clemente beaches providing shoreline protection from storm damage, sea level rise resilience, ecosystem protection, and maintain recreational uses.

J. No Net Loss of Aquatic Resources
The Discharger has demonstrated that the Project will not contribute to a net loss of the overall abundance, diversity, and condition of aquatic resources in the Pacific Ocean Shoreline. Based on these considerations, the Discharger's compliance with the terms and conditions of the Order will ensure that the Project meets applicable water quality standards for all waters of the United States and/or State in the City of San Clemente.

II. Conditions
The San Diego Water Board has independently reviewed the record of the Project to analyze the extent and nature of proposed Project impacts to the water quality and beneficial uses of waters of the United States and/or State and any required compensatory mitigation to offset impacts attributed to the Project. The Discharger is authorized to proceed with the Project in accordance with the following conditions:

A. Authorization of Project Impacts to Receiving Waters Impacts to Pacific Ocean shoreline must not exceed quantities shown in Table 2 of the Order.

B. Project Conformance with Water Quality Control Plans or Policies

1. The Discharger must take all necessary measures to protect the beneficial uses of the receiving waters identified in Finding I. F of the Order potentially impacted by the Project in accordance with water quality standards in the Basin Plan.

2. Notwithstanding any specific conditions in the Order, the Project shall be constructed in a manner consistent with the Basin Plan and any other applicable water quality control plans or policies adopted or approved pursuant to the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Act (commencing with California Water Code Section 13000) or section 303 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C section 1313).
6 1012 1118
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022

3. If at any time an unauthorized discharge to waters of the State occurs or monitoring indicates that the Project is violating , or threatens to violate, water quality objectives, the associated Project activities shall cease immediately, and the San Diego Water Board shall be notified in accordance with reporting requirements in Condition II.I of the Order.

Associated Project activities may not resume without approval from the San Diego Water Board.

C. Compensatory Mitigation

1. Compensatory Mitigation: Beach sand replenishment is considered self-mitigating and no compensatory mitigation is required for sand placement activities except as stated below for eelgrass.

2. Mitigation for Impacts to Eelgrass. If any impacts to eelgrass occur, as described below in Condition D of the Order, compensatory mitigation that offsets losses to eelgrass must be implemented in accordance with an eelgrass mitigation plan approved by the San Diego Water Board. The plan must meet the standards in the California Eelgrass Mitigation Policy (CEMP).3
D. Monitoring and Reporting Requirements

1. Stormwater Management Plan. At least 30 days prior to the start of project construction, the Discharger must submit a stormwater management plan for review by the San Diego Water Board. The stormwater management plan must include measures for avoiding and minimizing indirect impacts to aquatic resources from Project activities.

2. Monitoring for Eelgrass Beds in Project Vicinity. If applicable, a pre-construction eelgrass survey must be completed in accordance with the requirements of the CEMP no more than 90 days before the start of in-water Project activities. If, during the preconstruction survey, eelgrass is identified within 30 feet of Project activities, the Discharger must:
a) Implement best management practices for the protection of eelgrass beds, as described in Attachment 3 of the Order; and
b) Complete a post-construction eelgrass survey, performed by a qualified biologist, within 30 days following the completion of in-water Project activities. The postconstruction survey shall be used to quantify and determine mitigation for any losses to eelgrass in conformance with the CEMP.
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, West Coast Region . California Eelgrass Mitigation Policy and Implementing Guidelines, October 2014. An electronic copy can be found at the following web page: https://media.fisheries.noaa.gov/dam-miqration/cemp act 2014 final.pdf 7 1013 1119
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 01 71
November 3, 2022

3. Monitoring for Caulerpa in Project Vicinity. If applicable, the Discharger must conduct a surveillance-level survey for Caulerpa taxifolia and Caulerpa prolifera, in accordance with the requirements in the National Marine Fisheries Service's Caulerpa Control Protocol,4 not more than 90 days before the start of in-water Project activities to determine presence/absence of this species within the immediate vicinity of the project. If any Caulerpa spp. are identified during a survey, or at any other time before, during, or within 120 days following completion of authorized activities, both National Marine Fisheries Service and California Department of Fish and Wildlife must be contacted within 24 hours of first noting the occurrence. If any Caulerpa spp. are detected, all disturbing activity must cease until such time as the infestation has been isolated and treated, or the risk of spread from the disturbing activity is eliminated in accordance with the Caulerpa Control Protocol.

4. Receiving Water Visual Monitoring. The Applicant must conduct visual monitoring of Project activities in the Pacific Ocean prior to, during, and after each period of project construction (e.g., pile extraction and driving) as described below. The receiving water visual monitoring documentation must be included in the Annual Progress Reports as described in Attachment 2 of the Order.
a) Parameters. The following parameters shall be visually monitored immediately outside of the construction area:
i. Floating particulates, suspended materials, surface visible turbidity plume; and ii. Grease, oil, sheen, odor, color, or any other significant discoloration of the water surface.
b) Field Documentation. All visual observations shall be recorded throughout Project construction activities. In addition to the records of monitoring listed below in Condition I1.D.6, field documentation of receiving waters visual monitoring shall include, at a minimum, observations of the parameters listed above, observations of sensitive biological resources, and weather conditions, such as wind speed/direction and cloud cover. If photo documentation is used in support of visual observations of water quality conditions, it should be conducted in accordance with guidelines posted at http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sandiego/water issues/programs/401 certification/docs/ 401 c/401 PhotoDocRB9V713.pdf. In addition, photo documentation should include Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates for each of the photo points referenced ; and
4 NMFS Caulerpa Control Protocol, version 4, 2008, is available at https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/westcoast/habitatconservation/aquatic-invasive-species-west-coast-caulerpa-taxifolia 8 1014 1120
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
c) Response Actions. If applicable, the condition of the silt curtain is observed to be damaged, has become dislocated, or has gaps where a visible turbidity plume is forming outside of the silt curtain at the Project Site, a response action shall be taken immediately to correct the situation . Response actions may include, but are not limited to, work stoppage until silt curtain repair is completed, implementation of operational modifications, work stoppage due to the presence of sensitive species until area is vacated, and/or implementation of additional BMPs (e.g., a second silt curtain).

Response actions, if needed, shall be documented in the monitoring field log .

5. Annual Progress Reports. The Discharger must submit Annual Progress Reports to the San Diego Water Board prior to March 1 of each year following the issuance of the Order and continue to provide the reports until the San Diego Water Board accepts the Project Completion Notification submitted by the Discharger. Annual Progress Reports must be submitted even if Project activities are not conducted during the reporting period.

Annual reports must contain the status and anticipated schedule for both the Project and Compensatory Mitigation site(s). Additional requirements for the contents of Annual Progress Reports are detailed in Attachment 2 of the Order.

Annual Progress Reports must include, at a minimum, the following:
a) The status and anticipated schedule for completion of Project construction activities, including the installation and operational status of construction best management practices for water quality protection;
b) A description of any Project construction delays encountered or anticipated that may affect the schedule;
c) Photo documentation of all areas of impacts before and after construction. Photo documentation must be conducted in accordance with guidelines posted at https://www.waterboards.ca .gov/sandiego/water issues/programs/401 certification/doc s/401 c/401 PhotoDocRB9V713.pdf. In addition, photo documentation must include GPS coordinates for each photo location.

6. Geographic Information System Data. Within 30 days of the start of project construction, the Discharger must submit Geographic Information System (GIS) shape files and metadata that show the Project site(s) and impact areas associated with the Project. As part of the final Annual Progress Report, the Discharger must submit GIS shape files and metadata that show mitigation site(s), including extent and distribution of aquatic resources. For instructions on submitting GIS files, please contact the San Diego Water Board.
9 1015 1121
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project E. Project Status Notifications
Order No. R9-2022- 01 71
November 3, 2022

1. Discharge Commencement Notification. The Discharger must notify the San Diego Water Board in writing at least 5 days prior to the start of each Project construction.

2. Discharge Completion Notification. The Discharger must notify the San Diego Water Board in writing within 30 days of completion of each active Project construction activities, including construction of any required restoration or compensatory mitigation.

Submittal of the Notification does not obviate the Discharger's duty to comply with the requirements of the Order, pay any outstanding invoices of permit fees , or submit any outstanding required reports . The Notification shall include:
a) Dates of construction initiation and completion ;
b) Volume of material discharged onto the beach for each event; c) BMP status, including photo documentation of implemented post-construction BMPs and all areas of permanent and temporary impacts, prior to and after project construction . Photo documentation must be conducted in accordance with guidelines posted at
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sandiego/water issues/programs/401 certification/doc s/401 c/401 PhotoDocRB9V713.pdf. In addition, photo documentation must include Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates for each of the photo locations referenced ;
d) A statement that the authorized activity and implementation of any required compensatory mitigation were conducted and completed in accordance with the Order, including any activity-specific or compensatory mitigation conditions; and e) The signature of the Discharger certifying the completion of the activity and mitigation in accordance with condition 11 .F of the Order.

3. Project Completion Notification. The Discharger shall submit a Project Completion Letter when construction activities, post-construction monitoring, and mitigation monitoring (if required) are complete5 for each event. This written notification shall be submitted to the San Diego Water Board within 30 days following completion of each Project activity. 5 Completion of post-construction and mitigation monitoring shall be contingent upon achievement of performance standards as determined by the San Diego Water Board.
10 1016 1122
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
F. Construction and Post-Construction Best Management Practices The Discharger shall implement best management practices (BMPs), as described in this section and Attachment 3 of the Order, before and after construction to prevent discharges from the Project causing or contributing to on-site or off-site erosion or damage to properties or waters of the United States and/or State.
a) Placement of Sediment,
i. Construction Monitoring. During sand excavation activities, Project personnel must be onsite to visually inspect the material being loaded onto the hopper dredge for beach sand nourishment. If any trash and/or construction debris is observed in the excavated material, additional BMPs must be implemented to ensure no trash and/or debris is discharged onto the receiver beach and the Pacific Ocean
ii. Receiver Site Monitoring. During sand placement activities, Project personnel must always be in place on the receiving beach to ensure the material placed on the beach is free of debris and trash. If trash and/or construction debris are observed during the beach sand placement, all sand placement activities must stop and all debris removed from the beach before continuing with the Project:

Project personnel must keep a daily log during sand placement activities noting, at a minimum; the date/time of observations, number of truck loads, presence or absence of construction debris or trash , and corrective actions implemented. iii. Sand Placement Prohibition. Construction equipment (bulldozers, trucks, backhoes, etc) may not come into direct contact with the ocean. Equipment may be driven onto the wetted portion of the beach, however, the equipment may not come into contact with the surf zone wash .
iv. Post Construction Monitoring. Immediately following the completion of the beach sand placement activities, the receiving beach shoreline must be monitored for trash and debris by onsite personnel for a minimum of two days to ensure no trash or debris are left from the sand placement activities. Any trash or debris found within the sand placement boundaries will be immediately picked up and disposed following local, state and federal regulations. A minimum of two monitoring events per day must take place with one event occurring during a high tide and one during low tide.
v. Construction and Post-Construction Monitoring. The Discharger must have a qualified biologist monitoring the construction site and active receiving beach at all times during beach sand placement activities.

G. Standard Provisions
The Discharger shall implement standard provisions described in Attachment 4. 11 1017 1123
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project H. Document Submittal
Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022

1. Document Certification Requirements. All applications, reports, or information submitted to the San Diego Water Board must be certified as follows:
"I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined and am familiar with the information submitted in this document and all attachments and that, based on my inquiry of those individuals immediately responsible for obtaining the information, I believe that the information is true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment."

2. Document Signatory Requirements. All applications, reports, or information submitted to the San Diego Water Board must be signed by the Discharger (or duly authorized representative, as described below) as follows:
a) For a corporation, by a responsible corporate officer of at least the level of vice president.
b) For a partnership or sole proprietorship, by a general partner or proprietor, respectively. c) For a municipality, or a state, federal, or other public agency, by either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official.
d) A duly authorized representative may sign applications, reports, or information if:
i. The authorization is made in writing by a person described above. ii. The authorization specifies either an individual or position having responsibility for the overall operation of the regulated activity.
iii. The written authorization is submitted to the San Diego Water Board Executive Officer.

If such authorization is no longer accurate because a different individual or position has responsibility for the overall operation of the Project, a new authorization satisfying the above requirements must be submitted to the San Diego Water Board prior to or together with any reports, information, or applications, to be signed by an authorized representative. 12 1018 1124
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022

3. Electronic Document Submittal. The Discharger must submit all reports and information required under the Order via e-mail to [email protected] with the following information in the subject line: "401 Certification No. RS-2022-0171 PIN 883578:dbradford." Electronic documents must be submitted as text searchable PDF files.

Documents over 50 megabytes will not be accepted via e-mail and must be placed on a flash drive and delivered to:

San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board
Attn: 401 Certification No. R9-2022-0171, PIN 883578:dbradford 2375 Northside Drive, Suite 100
San Diego, California 92108
Ill. Water Quality Certification
I hereby certify that the proposed discharge from the San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project (Order No. R9-2022-0171) will comply with the applicable provisions of sections 301 ("Effluent Limitations"), 302 ("Water Quality Related Effluent Limitations"), 303 ("Water Quality Standards and Implementation Plans"), 306 ("National Standards of Performance"), and 307 ("Toxic and Pretreatment Effluent Standards") of the Clean Water Act.

This discharge is also regulated under State Water Board Order No. 2003-0017-DWQ, "Statewide General
Water
Waste Discharge Requirements for Dredged or Fill Discharges that have Received State Quality Certification (General WDRs}," which requires compliance with all conditions of the Order. Please note that enrollment under Order No. 2003-0017-DWQ is conditional and, should new information come to our attention that indicates a water quality_problem, the San Diego Water Board may issue individual waste discharge requirements at that time.

Except insofar as may be modified by any preceding conditions, all Order actions are contingent on (a) the discharge being limited to, and all proposed mitigation being completed in strict compliance with , the Discharger's Project description and/or the description in the Order, and (b) compliance with all applicable requirements of the Basin Plan.

I, David W. Gibson, Executive Officer, do hereby certify the forgoing is a full, true , and correct copy of Order No. R9-2022-0171 issued on November 3, 2022.
13 1019 1125
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project ATTACHMENT 1 - Definitions
Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
Activity - when used in reference to a permit means any action, undertaking, or project including, but not limited to, construction, operation , maintenance, repair, modification , and restoration which may result in any discharge to waters of the State.

Application - means a written request, including a report of waste discharge or request for water material
quality certification , for authorization of any activity that may result in the discharge of dredged or fill and is subject to the Order.

Buffer - means an upland, wetland, and/or riparian area that protects and/or enhances aquatic resource functions associated with wetlands, rivers, streams, lakes, marine, and estuarine systems from disturbances associated with adjacent land uses.

California Rapid Assessment Method (CRAM) - is a wetland assessment method intended to provide a rapid, scientifically-defensible and repeatable assessment methodology to monitor status and trends in the conditions of wetlands for applications throughout the state. It can also be used to assess the performance of compensatory mitigation projects and restoration projects. CRAM provides an assessment of overall ecological condition in terms of four attributes: landscape context and buffer, hydrology, physical structure and biotic structure. CRAM also includes an assessment of key stressors that may be affecting wetland condition and a "field to PC" data management tool (eCRAM) to ensure consistency and quality of data produced with the method.

Compensatory mitigation - means the restoration (re-establishment or rehabilitation), establishment, enhancement, and/or preservation of aquatic resources for the purposes of offsetting unavoidable adverse impacts which remain after all appropriate and practicable avoidance and minimization has been achieved.

Compensatory mitigation project - means compensatory mitigation implemented by the Discharger as a requirement of the Order (i.e. , permittee-responsible mitigation), or by a mitigation bank or an inlieu fee program.

Condition - means the relative ability of an aquatic resource to support and maintain a community of organisms having a species composition , diversity, and functional organization comparable to reference aquatic resources in the region.

Discharge of dredged or fill material - has the same meanings as they are used in the federal Clean Water Act and 40 CFR section 232.2, but (1) shall include discharges to waters of the State that are not waters of the U.S. and (2) any demonstrations described in 40 CFR section 232.2(3)(i) shall be made to the permitting authority instead of the Corps or U.S. EPA. Placement of dredged or fill material in a manner that could not affect the quality of waters of the State is not considered a discharge of dredged or fill material.

Dredged material - means material that is excavated or dredged from waters of the United States and/or State.
14 1020 1126
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 01 71
November 3, 2022
Ecological success performance standards - means observable or measurable physical (including hydrological), chemical, and/or biological attributes that are used to determine if a compensatory mitigation project meets its objectives .

Enhancement- means the manipulation of the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of an aquatic resource to improve a specific aquatic resource function(s). Enhancement results in the gain of selected aquatic resource function(s) but may also lead to a decline in other aquatic resource function(s). Enhancement does not result in a gain in aquatic resource area.

Establishment- means the manipulation of the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics present to develop an aquatic resource that did not previously exist. Creation results in a gain in aquatic resource area.

Fill material - means any material used for the primary purpose of replacing an aquatic area with dry land or of changing the bottom elevation of a water body.

Functions - means the physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in ecosystems.

Isolated wetland - means a wetland with no surface water connection to other aquatic resources.

LEDPA - means the least environmentally damaging practicable alternative. The determination of practicable alternatives shall be consistent with the State Supplemental Dredge or Fill Guidelines, section 230.1 0(a).

Mitigation bank - means a site, or suite of sites, where resources (e.g., wetlands, streams, riparian areas) are restored, established, enhanced , and/or preserved for the purpose of providing mitigation for impacts authorized by the Order.

Order - means water quality certification , waste discharge requirements, or waivers of waste discharge requirements.

Project - means the whole of an action that includes a discharge of dredged or fill material to waters of the U.S. and/or State.

Preservation - means the removal of a threat to, or preventing the decline of, aquatic resources by an action in or near those aquatic resources. This term includes activities commonly associated with the protection and maintenance of aquatic resources through the implementation of appropriate legal and physical mechanisms. Preservation does not result in a gain of aquatic resource area or functions.

Re-establishment - means the manipulation of the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of a site with the goal of returning natural/ historic functions to a former aquatic resource. Reestablishment results in rebuilding a former aquatic resource and results in a gain in aquatic resource area and functions.
15 1021 1127
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
Rehabilitation - means the manipulation of the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of a site with the goal of repairing natural/ historic functions to a degraded aquatic resource. Rehabilitation results in a gain in aquatic resource function but does not result in a gain in aquatic resource area.

Restoration - means the manipulation of the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of a site with the goal of returning natural/historic functions to a former or degraded aquatic resource. For the purpose of tracking net gains in aquatic resource area, restoration is divided into two categories: reestablishment and rehabilitation.

Start of project construction - For the purpose of the Order, "start of Project construction" means to engage in a program of on-site construction, including site clearing, grading, dredging, landfilling, changing equipment, substituting equipment, or even moving the location of equipment specifically designed for a stationary source in preparation for the fabrication, erection or installation of the building components of the stationary source within waters of the United States and/or State.

Temporal loss - means the time lag between the loss of aquatic resource functions caused by the permitted impacts and the replacement of aquatic resource functions at the compensatory mitigation site. Higher compensation ratios may be required to compensate for temporal loss. Uplands - means non-wetland areas that lack any field-based indicators of wetlands or other aquatic conditions.

Uplands are generally well-drained and occur above (i.e., up-slope) from aquatic areas. In a watershed, uplands comprise the landscape in which aquatic areas form. They are the primary sources of sediment, surface runoff, and associated chemicals that are deposited in aquatic areas or transported through them .

Water quality objectives and other appropriate requirements of state law - means the water quality objectives and beneficial uses as specified in the appropriate water quality control plan(s); the applicable provisions of sections 301 , 302, 303, 306, and 307 of the Clean Water Act; and any other appropriate requirement of state law.

Waters of the State - means any surface water or groundwater, including saline waters, within the boundaries of the state.
16 1022 1128
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project ATTACHMENT 2 - Annual Progress Report Requirements
Order No. R9-2022- 01 71
November 3, 2022
The reporting period for each Annual Progress Report shall be January P1 through December 31st of each year. Annual Progress Reports must be submitted even if Project construction has not begun or if Project construction is complete and compensatory mitigation site construction or monitoring is ongoing. Annual Progress Reports must include, at a minimum, the following:

1. Project Status and Compliance.
a. The status and anticipated schedule for completion of Project construction activities, including the installation and operational status of construction best management practices for water quality protection;
b. A description of any Project construction delays encountered or anticipated that may affect the schedule;
c. Receiving water visual monitoring documentation ;
d. All records, field logs, and/or field notes created by the on-site qualified biologist or other environmental professional; and
e. A description of: each incident of noncompliance during the annual monitoring period and its cause; the period of the noncompliance including exact dates and times; if the noncompliance has not been corrected, the anticipated time it is expected to continue; and the steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance; f. Photo documentation of all areas of impact before, during, and after construction . Photo documentation must be conducted in accordance with guidelines posted at https ://www.waterboards.ca .qov/sandieqo/water issues/prog rams/401 certification/docs/401 cl 401 PhotoDocRB9V713.pdf. In addition, photo documentation must include GPS coordinates for each photo location; and
g. In addition, the final annual report must include as-built drawings of the Project Site(s}, no bigger than 11 "X17".

2. Records of Monitoring.
a. The date, exact place, and time of monitoring;
b. The names, qualifications , and affiliations of individuals who performed the monitoring , sampling , analyses, and otherwise contributed to the report; c. The analytical techniques or methods used;

3. Results of Construction Monitoring.
a. Pre-construction (if applicable) survey reports for Cau!erpa taxifo/ia and C. prolifera; 17 1023 1129
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
b. Eelgrass survey reports (if applicable). Pre-construction eelgrass survey report must be included in the first annual progress report, and, if eelgrass is identified within 30 feet of Project activities, post-construction eelgrass survey report must be included in the fina l progress report; and
c. Receiving water visual monitoring . The Discharger shall submit monitoring reports that contain the results of visual monitoring activities for each week of monitoring. The receiving water visual monitoring reports must include, at a minimum:
i. The names, qualifications, and affiliations of the persons contributing to the report; ii. Copies of records, field notes/logs, and/or photo documentation of the visual observations required under Condition 11 .D.4 of the Order;
iii. A summary, evaluation, and interpretation of the visual observations recorded and any response actions taken as required under Condition I1.D.4 of the Order, including interpretations and conclusions as to whether applicable receiving water limitations were attained at the site.

4. Compensatory Mitigation Status and Compliance. Mitigation monitoring, if applicable, information must be submitted as part of the Annual Progress Report for a period of at least five years. The San Diego Water Board may reduce or waive compensatory mitigation monitoring requirements upon a determination that performance standards have been achieved. Conversely, the San Diego Water Board may extend the monitoring period beyond five years upon a determination that the performance standards have not been met or the compensatory mitigation project is not on track to meet them.
a. The status and anticipated schedule for'completion of mitigation activities; b. A tabulation and interpretation of all data specified in the Mitigation Plan , including:
i. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of current conditions with pre-construction conditions and previous mitigation monitoring results;
ii. Conclusions as to how the Mitigation Site(s) is/are progressing towards meeting performance standards contained in the Mitigation Plan; and iii. Photo documentation of Mitigation Site progress. Photo documentation must be conducted in accordance with guidelines posted at
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sandiego/water issues/programs/401 certification/docs/40 1 c/401 PhotoDocRB9V713.pdf. In addition, photo documentation must include GPS coordinates for each photo point.
c. The final Annual Progress Report must include the following additional information:
i. A description of the following Mitigation Site(s) characteristics:
ii. As-built drawings of the Mitigation Site(s), no bigger than 11 "X17"; and iii. A survey report documenting boundaries of the Mitigation Site(s). 18 1024 1130
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
ATTACHMENT 3 - Construction and Post-Construction Best Management Practices Construction Best Management Practices
A Approvals to Commence Construction. The Discharger shall not commence Project construction until all necessary federal, State, and local approvals are obtained .

B. Personnel Education. Prior to the start of the Project, and annually thereafter, the Discharger must educate all personnel on the requirements in the Order, pollution prevention measures, spill response measures, and BMP implementation and maintenance measures.

C. Spill Containment Materials. The Discharger must, at all times, maintain appropriate types and sufficient quantities of materials on-site to contain any spill or inadvertent release of materials that may cause a condition of pollution or nuisance if the materials reach waters of the United States and/or State.

D. General Construction Storm Water Permit. Prior to start of Project construction, the Discharger must, as applicable, obtain coverage under and comply with the requirements of State Water Resources Control Board Water Quality Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ, the General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction and Land Disturbance Activity, (General Construction Storm Water Permit) and any reissuance. If Project construction activities do not require coverage under the General Construction Storm Water Permit, the Discharger must develop and implement a runoff management plan (or equivalent construction BMP plan) to prevent the discharge of sediment and other pollutants during construction activities.

E. Groundwater Dewatering. If groundwater dewatering is required for the Project, the Applicant shall enroll in and comply with the requirements of San Diego Water Board Order No. R9- 2015-0013 NPDES No. CAG919003, General Waste Discharge Requirements for Groundwater Extraction Discharges to Surface Waters within the San Diego Region or its successor permit.

F. Waste Management. Except for discharges permitted under the Order, the Discharger must properly manage, store, treat, and dispose of waste, trash , organic or earthen material, and other construction debris from Project activities in accordance with applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. The storage, handling , treatment, or disposal of waste shall not create conditions of pollution, contamination, or nuisance as defined in Water Code section 13050. Waste management shall be implemented to avoid or minimize exposure of wastes to precipitation or storm water runoff. Direct discharge of waste into waters of the United States and/or State, or adjacent to such waters in any manner which may permit its being transported into the waters, is prohibited. Upon Project completion , all Project-generated waste and debris shall be removed from the Project site(s) for disposal at an authorized disposal site in compliance with federal, state, and local laws and regulations. 19 1025 1131
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
G. Upstream and Downstream Erosion. Discharges of concentrated flow during construction or after Project completion must not cause or contribute to upstream or downstream erosion or damage to properties or stream habitat.

H. Construction Equipment. All equipment must be washed prior to transport to the Project site and must be free of sediment, debris, and foreign matter. All equipment components used in direct contact with surface water shall be steam cleaned prior to use. All equipment using gas, oil, hydraulic fluid, or other petroleum products shall be inspected for leaks prior to use and shall be monitored for leakage. Stationary equipment (e.g., motors, pumps, generator, etc.) shall be positioned over drip pans or other types of containment.

I. Process Water. Water containing mud, silt, or other pollutants from equipment washing or other activities, must not be discharged to waters of the United States and/or State or placed in locations that may be subjected to storm water runoff flows. Pollutants discharged to areas within a stream diversion must be removed at the end of each workday or sooner if rain is predicted.

J. Surface Water Diversion. All surface waters, including ponded waters, must be diverted away from areas of active grading, construction, excavation, vegetation removal, and/or any other activity which may result in a discharge to the receiving water. Diversion activities must not result in the degradation of beneficial uses or exceedance of the receiving water quality objectives. Any temporary dam or other artificial obstruction constructed must only be built from materials such as clean gravel which will cause little or no siltation. Normal flows must be restored to the affected stream immediately upon completion of work at that location.

K. Cofferdams or Water Barriers. Cofferdams and water barrier construction shall be adequate to prevent seepage into or from the work area. Cofferdams or water barriers shall not be made of earth or other substances subject to erosion or that contain pollutants. When dewatering is necessary to create a temporary dry construction area, the water shall be pumped through a sediment-settling device before it is returned to the water body. The enclosure and the supportive material shall be removed when the work is completed, and removal shall proceed from downstream to upstream.

L. Sediment Dredging and Placement of Material. The Discharger shall conduct dredging and placement of dredged material in accordance with, but not limited to, the following best management practices:

1. Dredging must be conducted to remove dredge material and not stockpile material on the floor of the waterbody or level the bottom surface with the clamshell bucket;

2. The swing radius of unloading equipment must be controlled to prevent spillage of dredged sediments back into the waterbody;

3. The drop height from a clamshell bucket onto the scow must be controlled to prevent splashing or sloshing of dredged material back into the waterbody; 20 1026 1132
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022

4. Excess or decanted water from dredged sediments must not be discharged back into the waterbody;

5. Dredged sediments must be loaded into material barges with watertight compartments and water collection systems to prevent return water from re-entering the waterbody;

6. Dredged material barges and scows must not be filled to a point that overflow or spillage could occur. Each material scow must be marked in such a way to allow the operator to visually identify the maximum load point;

7. Load-controlled boat movement, line attachment, and/or horsepower requirements of tugs and support boats at the Project site must be specified to avoid resuspension of sediment.

Such measures may include speed restrictions, establishment of off-limit areas, and use of shallow draft vessels;

8. Final dredge side slopes shall be designed to be stable in order to minimize sloughing; and

9. Silt screens or other appropriate methods shall be used to confine suspended particulate/turbidity to a small area where settling or removal can occur.

Make use of ocean currents and circulation to mix, disperse and dilute the discharge of dredged material.

M. Protection of Eelgrass Beds. If eelgrass is found during the pre-construction survey, the Discharger shall comply with the following requirements:

1. Prior to construction, the boundaries of adjacent eelgrass beds must be staked with ridged PVC markers or self-centering buoys visible at all tide heights. The markers or buoys must be protected, replaced , and maintained as needed to ensure they remain in place for the duration of Project construction activities;

2. During Project construction activities and regardless of the timing, the eelgrass beds must be protected with silt curtains deployed in a manner that will protect the beds from excessive turbidity or sediment deposition from Project activities; and

3. Any silt curtains must be kept at least 30 feet away from staked eelgrass beds in order to prevent damage to eelgrass beds from curtain drag or movement.

N. Re-vegetation and Stabilization. All areas that have 14 or more days of inactivity must be stabilized within 14 days of the last activity. The Discharger shall implement and maintain BMPs to prevent erosion of the rough graded areas. After completion of grading, all areas must be re-vegetated with native species appropriate for the area. The re-vegetation palette must not contain any plants listed on the California Invasive Plant Council Invasive Plant Inventory, which can be accessed at http://www.cal-ipc.org/ip/inventory/. 21 1027 1133
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 01 71
November 3, 2022
0 . Hazardous Materials. Except as authorized by the Order, substances hazardous to aquatic life including, but not limited to , petroleum products, unused cement/concrete, asphalt, and coating materials, must be prevented from contaminating the soil and/or entering waters of the United States and/or State. BMPs must be implemented to prevent such discharges during each Project activity involving hazardous materials.

P. Vegetation Removal. Removal of vegetation must occur by hand, mechanically, or through application of United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) approved herbicides deployed using applicable BMPs to minimize adverse effects to beneficial uses of waters of the United States and/or State. Discharges related to the application of aquatic pesticides within waters of the United States must be done in compliance with State Water Resources Control Board Water Quality Order No. 2013-0002--DWQ, the Statewide General National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES Permit for Residual Aquatic Discharges to Waters of the United States from Algae and Aquatic Weed Control Applicators as amended, and any subsequent reissuance as applicable.

Q. Limits of Disturbance. The Discharger shall clearly define the limits of Project disturbance to waters of the United States and/or State using highly visible markers such as flag markers, construction fencing, or silt barriers prior to commencement of Project construction activities within those areas.

R. On-site Qualified Biologist or Environmental Professional. The Discharger shall designate an on-site qualified biologist or other qualified environmental professional to monitor Project construction activities within or adjacent to waters of the United States and/or State to ensure compliance with the Order requirements, including Receiving Water Visual Monitoring as detailed in Condition II.D and Attachment 2. The biologist or other qualified environmental professional shall be given the authority to stop all work on-site if a violation of the Order occurs or has the potential to occur. All records, field logs, and/or field notes created by the onsite biologist/environmental professional for the purpose of documenting observations during Project activities shall be submitted with the Annual Progress Report(s).

Post-Construction Best Management Practices
A. Post-Construction Discharges. The Discharger shall not allow post-construction discharges from the Project site to cause or contribute to on-site or off-site erosion or damage to properties or stream habitats.

B. Post-Construction BMP Design. The Project must be designed to comply with the requirements for priority development projects in section E.3. of the Regional MS4 Permit Order No. R9-2013-0001 , National Pollutant Discharge Elimination Systems Permit and Waste Discharge Requirements for Discharges of Urban Runoff from the MS4s Draining the Watersheds within the San Diego Region (Regional MS4 Permit), as amended by Order Nos.

R9-2015-0001 and R9-2015-0100, as well as the most current BMP Design Manual for the City of San Clemente. Where conflict exists between the referenced documents the most stringent requirements shall apply.
22 1028 1134
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project ATTACHMENT 4 - Standard Provisions

1. Compliance
Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
a. Duty to Comply. The Order is subject to modification or revocation upon administrative or judicial review, including review and amendment pursuant to Water Code section 13330 and California Code of Regulations, title 23, sections 3867 et seq. b. Duty to Comply. The Discharger must comply with all conditions and requirements of the Order. Any Order noncompliance constitutes a violation of the Water Code and is grounds for enforcement action or Order termination, revocation and reissuance, or modification. c. Property Rights. The Order does not convey any property rights of any sort, or any exclusive privilege.
d. Property or Private Rights . The issuance of the Order does not authorize any injury to persons or property or invasion of other private rights, or any infringement of state or local law or regulations.
e. Project Modification. The Discharger must submit any changes to the Project, including Project operation , which would have a significant or material effect on the findings, conclusions, or conditions of the Order, to the San Diego Water Board for prior review and written approval. If the San Diego Water Board is not notified of a significant change to the Project, it will be considE:red a violation of the Order. f. Project Conformance with Application. All water quality protection measures and BMPs described in the application and supplemental information for water quality certification are incorporated by reference into the Order as if fully stated herein. Notwithstanding any more specific conditions in the Order, the Discharger shall construct, implement and comply with all water quality protection measures and BMPs described in the application and supplemental information . The conditions within the Order shall supersede conflicting provisions within the application and supplemental information submitted as part of this action. g.

Water
Inspection and Entry. The Discharger must allow the San Diego Water Board or the State Resources Control Board, and/or their authorized representative(s) (including an authorized contractor acting as their representative), upon the presentation of credentials and other documents as may be required under law, to:
i. Enter upon the Project or Compensatory Mitigation premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or conducted , or where records must be kept under the conditions of the Order;
ii. Have access to and copy, at reasonable times, any records that must be kept under the conditions of the Order;
iii. Inspect, at reasonable times, any facilities , equipment (including monitoring and control equipment), practices , or operations regulated or required under the Order; and 23 1029 1135
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
iv. Sample or monitor, at reasonable times, for the purposes of assuring Order compliance, or as otherwise authorized by the Clean Water Act or Water Code, any substances or parameters at any location.

2. Permit Administration
a. Term of Order. The Order shall expire (a) upon the expiration or retraction of the Clean Water Act section 404 (33 U.S.C. section 1344) permit issued by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for this Project; or (b) five (5) years from the date of issuance of the Order if Project construction has not started, whichever occurs first.
b. Payment of Fees. The Order is conditioned upon total payment of any fee required under California Code of Regulations, title 23, sections 3830 et seq. and owed by the Discharger.

3. Permit Actions
a. Transfers. The Order is not transferable in its entirety or in part to any person or organization except after notice to the San Diego Water Board is provided in accordance with the following terms:
i. Transfer of Property Ownership. The Discharger must notify the San Diego Water Board of any change in Project area ownership. Notification of change in ownership must include, but not be limited to, a statement that the Discharger has provided the purchaser with a copy of the Order and that the purchaser understands and accepts the Order requirements and the obligation to implement them or be subject to liability for failure to do so. The seller and purchaser must sign and date the notification and provide such notification to the San Diego Water Board within 10 days of the transfer of ownership. ii. Transfer of Mitigation Responsibility. Any notification of transfer of responsibilities to satisfy the mitigation requirements set forth in the Order must include a signed statement from an authorized representative of the new party (transferee) demonstrating acceptance and understanding of the responsibility to comply with and fully satisfy the mitigation conditions, and an agreement that failure to comply with the mitigation conditions and associated requirements may subject the transferee to enforcement by the San Diego Water Board under California Water Code (Water Code) section 13385(a). Notification of transfer of responsibilities meeting the above conditions must be provided to the San Diego Water Board within 1 O days of the transfer date.
iii. Transfer of Post-Construction BMP Maintenance Responsibility. The Discharger assumes responsibility for the inspection and maintenance of all post-construction structural BMPs until such responsibility is legally transferred to another entity. At the time maintenance responsibility for post-construction BMPs is legally transferred, the Discharger must submit to the San Diego Water Board a copy of such documentation and must provide the transferee with a copy of a long-term BMP maintenance plan that complies with manufacturer specifications. The Discharger must provide such notification to the San Diego Water Board within 10 days of the transfer of BMP maintenance responsibility. 24 1030 1136
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
Upon properly noticed transfers of responsibility, the transferee assumes responsibility for compliance with the Order and references in the Order to the Discharger will be interpreted to refer to the transferee as appropriate. Transfer of responsibility does not necessarily relieve the Discharger of the Order in the event that a transferee fails to comply. b. Order Reopener Actions. The Order may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for cause including but not limited to the following:
i. Violation of any term or condition of the Order;
ii. Monitoring results indicating that continued Project activities could violate water quality objectives or impair the beneficial uses of the Pacific Ocean ; iii. Obtaining the Order by misrepresentation or failure to disclose fully all relevant facts ; iv. A change in any condition that requires either a temporary or permanent reduction or elimination of the authorized discharge; and
v. Incorporation of any new or revised water quality standards and implementation plans adopted or approved pursuant to the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act or section 303 of the Clean Water Act.

The filing of a request by the Discharger for modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance does not stay any Order condition.

4. Monitoring
a. Representative Monitoring. Samples and measurements taken for the purpose of monitoring under the Order shall be representative of the monitored activity. b. Monitoring Instruments. All monitoring instruments and devices, which are used by the Discharger to fulfill the prescribed monitoring program, must be properly maintained and calibrated as necessary to ensure their continued precision and accuracy. c. Certified Laboratory. All laboratory analyses must be performed in a laboratory certified to perform such analyses under the State Water Resources Control Board's Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program or a laboratory approved by the San Diego Water Board. d. USEPA Test Procedures. Monitoring must be conducted according to USEPA test procedures approved under Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 136, Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for Analysis of Pollutants Under the Clean Water Act as amended, unless other test procedures have been specified in the Order. e. Records of Monitoring Information. Records of monitoring information shall include:
i. The date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements; 25 1031 1137
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
ii. The individual(s) who performed the sampling, measurements, and analyses; iii. The analytical techniques or methods used; and
iv. The results of such analyses.
f. Records Retention. The Discharger must retain records of all monitoring information , including all calibration and maintenance records and all original strip chart recordings for continuous monitoring instrumentation, copies of all reports required by the Order, and records of all data used to complete the application for the Order. Records must be maintained for a minimum of five years from the date of the sample, measurement, report, or application. This period may be extended during the course of any unresolved litigation regarding this Project or when requested by the San Diego Water Board.
g. Modifications to Monitoring and Reporting. The San Diego Water Board may modify the monitoring program at any time during the term of the Order and may reduce or increase the number of parameters to be monitored, the locations monitored, the frequency of monitoring , or the number and size of samples collected .

5. Reporting
a. Duty to Report. The submittal of information required under the Order, or in response to a suspected violation of any condition of the Order, is required pursuant to Water Code section 13383. Monitoring and reporting costs are reasonable and necessary to evaluate compliance with the Order and water quality and other impacts. Civil liability may be administratively imposed by the San Diego Water Board for failure to submit information pursuant to Water Code section 13385.
b. Duty to Provide Information. The Discharger shall furnish to the San Diego Water Board, within a reasonable time, any information which the San Diego Water Board may request to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating the Order or to determine compliance with the Order.
c. Anticipated Noncompliance. The Discharger shall give advance notice to the San Diego Water Board of any planned changes in the Project or the Compensatory Mitigation project which may result in noncompliance with the Order.
d. Twenty-Four Hour Non-Compliance Reporting. The Discharger shall report any noncompliance which may endanger human health or the environment. Any such information shall be provided orally to the San Diego Water Board within 24 hours of the time the Discharger becomes aware of the circumstances. A written submission shall also be provided within five days of the time the Discharger becomes aware of the circumstances. The written submission shall contain a description of the noncompliance and its cause; the period of noncompliance, including exact dates and times, and, if the noncompliance has not been corrected, the anticipated time it is expected to continue; and steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent recurrence of the noncompliance. The San Diego Water Board, 26 1032 1138
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San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 01 71
November 3, 2022
or an authorized representative, may waive the written report on a case-by-case basis if the oral report has been received within 24 hours.

6. Notifications to Discharger
a. General Waste Discharge Requirements. The requirements of the Order are enforceable through Water Quality Order No. 2003-0017-DWQ, Statewide General Waste Discharge Requirements for Discharges of Dredged or Fill Material that have Received State Water Quality Certification (Water Quality Order No. 2003-0017-DWQ). This provision shall apply irrespective of whether: (a) the federal permit for which the Order was obtained is subsequently retracted or is expired; or (b) the Order is expired. Water Quality Order No. 2003- 0017-DWQ is available at:
https://www.waterboards.ca .gov/water issues/programs/cwa401/docs/generalorders/go wdr4 01 regulated projects.pdf.
b. Hydroelectric Facility Exclusion. The Order is not intended and shall not be construed to apply to any discharge from any activity involving a hydroelectric facility and requiring a Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERG) license or an amendment to a FERG license unless the pertinent Order application was filed pursuant to California Code of Regulations, title 23, section 3855(b), and that application specifically identified that a FERG license or amendment to a FERG license for a hydroelectric facility was being sought. c. Enforcement Notification. In the event of any violation or threatened violation of the conditions of the Order, the violation or threatened violation shall be subject to any remedies, penalties, process or sanctions as provided for under State law. For purposes of section 401 (d) of the Clean Water Act, the applicability of any State law authorizing remedies, penalties, process or sanctions for the violation or threatened violation constitutes a limitation necessary to assure compliance with the water quality standards and other pertinent requirements incorporated into the Order.
d. Petitions. Any person aggrieved by this action of the San Diego Water Board may petition the State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) to review the action in accordance with the California Code of Regulations, title 23, sections 3867 et seq. The State Water Board must receive the petition no later than 5:00 p.m. 30 days after the date of the Order. Copies of the law and regulations applicable to filing petitions may be found at:
https://www.waterboards.ca .gov/public notices/petitions/water quality or will be provided upon request.
27 1033 1139
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project ATTACHMENT 5-Compliance with 40 CFR Part 121.7(d)(1)
Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
The federal Clean Water Act section 401 Certification Rule (401 Certification Rule) found at Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR) Part 121 .7(d)(1) requires an explanation of why a condition in a water quality certification is necessary to assure that the authorized discharge will comply with water quality requirements, and a citation to federal, state, or tribal law (citations) that authorizes the condition. This attachment (Attachment 5) includes the legal requirements and technical rationale that serve as the basis for the requirements of Order No. R9-2022-0171 (Order) as required by the 401 Certification Rule.

This attachment uses the same organizational structure as the Order. Conditions and statements below correspond with the conditions set forth in Sections II and Attachment 4 of the Order.

This attachment includes citations to some sources of authority that are applicable to all conditions.

These sources are specifically identified where they are most relevant but are also generally applicable to the conditions below. These conditions are generally required to comply with the state's Anti-Degradation Policy (State Water Board Resolution No. 68-16), which requires that any "activity which produces or may produce a waste or increased volume or concentration of waste and which discharges or proposes to discharge to existing high quality waters will be required to meet waste discharge requirements which will result in the best practicable treatment or control of the discharge necessary to assure that (a) a pollution or nuisance will not occur and (b) the highest water quality consistent with maximum benefit to the people of the state will be maintained." All Regional Water Board Water Quality Control Plans incorporate the state's Anti-Degradation Policy by reference . The state Anti-Degradation Policy incorporates the federal Anti-Degradation Policy ( 40 CFR Part 131 .12 (a)(1 )), which requires "[e]xisting instream water uses and the level of water quality necessary to protect the existing uses shall be maintained and protected." According to U.S. EPA, dischargers of dredged or fill material comply with the federal Anti-Degradation Policy by complying with U.S. EPA's section 404(b)(1) Guidelines. The State Water Boards adopted a modified version of U.S. EPA's section 404(b )(1) Guidelines in the State Wetland Definition and Procedures for Discharges of Dredged or Fill Material to Waters of the State (Dredge or Fill Procedures).

The Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin (9) (Basin Plan), adopted on September 8, 1994 as subsequently amended, establishes the following Waste Discharge Prohibitions pursuant to California Water Code section 13243 applicable to the authorized discharge. The following Waste Discharge Prohibitions provide the basis for conditions in the Order necessary to protect water quality and ensure compliance with water quality standards.
• Prohibition No. 1. The discharge of waste to waters of the state in a manner causing, or threatening to cause a condition of pollution, contamination, or nuisance as defined in California Water Code section 13050, is prohibited.
• Prohibition No. 2. The discharge of waste to land, except as authorized by waste discharge requirements or the terms described in California Water Code section 13264 is prohibited. • Prohibition No. 3. The discharge of pollutants or dredged or fill material to waters of the United States except as authorized by an NPDES permit or a dredged or fill material permit (subject to the exemption described in California Water Code section 13376) is prohibited. 28 1034 1140
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
• Prohibition No. 7. The dumping, deposition, or discharge of waste directly into waters of the state, or adjacent to such waters in any manner which may permit its being transported into the waters, is prohibited unless authorized by the San Diego Water Board. • Prohibition No. 14. The discharge of sand , silt, clay, or other earthen materials from any activity, including land grading and construction , in quantities which cause deleterious bottom deposits, turbidity or discoloration in waters of the state or which unreasonably affect, or threaten to affect, beneficial uses of such waters is prohibited.

The above citations and justification for compliance with water quality requirements apply to all the conditions included in the Order. The following statements provides additional water quality justification and citations for conditions in section II of the Order.

II. B. Project Conformance with Water Quality Control Plans Justification: This condition is necessary for protection beneficial uses and compliance with water quality standards.

Citation: California Code of Regulations, title 23, section 3860(a).

II. C. Compensatory Mitigation Site Long-Term Management Justification: These conditions are necessary to ensure that impacts to water quality functions and services of waters of the United States and/or State are mitigated. Compensatory mitigation replaces function and services lost during temporary and/or permanent impacts.

Citation: These conditions are necessary to ensure compliance with state and federal antidegradation policies. Compensatory mitigation requirements are consistent with Dredge or Fill Procedures, section IV.B.1.a (California Code of Regulations title 23, section 3013), which requires that the Water Boards will approve a project only after it has been determined that a sequence of actions has been taken to first avoid, then to minimize, and lastly compensate for adverse impacts that cannot be practicably avoided or minimized. (See also California Code of Regulations, title. 23, section 3856(h) [requiring submittal of proposed mitigation and description of steps taken to avoid, minimize, or compensate].) Compensatory mitigation conditions are consistent with Executive Order W-59-93 commonly referred to as California's "no net loss" policy for wetlands. Compensatory mitigation requirements are also authorized by California Water Code section 13263, which requires the imposition of requirements that implement water quality control plans, takes into consideration the beneficial uses to be protected, and the need to prevent nuisance. These conditions related to mitigation requirements are consistent with the Dredged or Fill Procedures, section IV.8.1.a, which requires that the Water Boards will approve a project only after it has been determined that a sequence of actions has been taken to first avoid , then to minimize, and lastly compensate for adverse impacts that cannot be practicably avoided or minimized. Accordingly, compensatory mitigation is required for projects that would result in permanent impacts. 29 1035 1141
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project II. D. Monitoring and Reporting Requirements
Order No. R9-2022- 01 71
November 3, 2022
Justification:

United
These conditions are necessary to verify that the Project impacts to waters of the States and/or State do not exceed those authorized under the Order and that any compensatory mitigation and/or restoration is sufficient to protect beneficial uses and water quality objectives. The reports document the progress of the project in replacing the function and services lost during temporary and/or permanent impacts.

Citation: These monitoring and reporting conditions are authorized because the Water Boards have Water
the authority to investigate the quality of any waters of the state within its region under California Code sections 13267 and 13383.

II. E. Project Status Notifications
when
Justification: These conditions are necessary to ensure that the San Diego Water Board knows impacts to waters of the United States and/or State are occurring. In addition , notifications minimize
related to non-compliance are needed to ensure that corrective actions, if any, that are necessary to the impact or clean up such discharges can be taken as soon as possible.

Board
Citation: These notification and reporting conditions are authorized because the San Diego Water California
has
Water
the authority to investigate the quality of any waters of the State within its region under Code sections 13267 and 13383.

II. D - H. Standard Provisions
Justification: These are standard conditions that are included as conditions of all water quality certification actions. These standard conditions are necessary for the protection of beneficial uses and compliance with water quality standards.

Water
Citation: California Code of Regulations, title 23, sections 3830, 3855(b), 3860, and 3867; California Code section 13330.

Attachment 4. Standard Provisions - Compliance
• Duty to Comply. Justification: Noncompliance with Order No. R9-2021-0101 can be enforced under Water Code sections 13331, 13350, 13385, and 13386. • Project Modification. Justification: California Water Code section 13264 prohibits any discharge that is not specifically authorized in the Order. The Order is subject to modification or revocation upon administrative or judicial review, including review and amendment pursuant to California Water Code section 13330 and California Code of Regulations, title 23, section 3867.
30 1036 1142
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
• Project Conformance with Application. Justification: California Water Code section 13264 prohibits any discharge that is not specifically authorized in the Order. • Construction and Post-Construction Best Management Practices. Justification: These conditions are necessary to prevent the discharge of construction related pollutants into waters of the United States and/or State that impact beneficial uses and exceed compliance with water quality standards.

Citation: Clean Water Act sections 301 and 402, California Water Code sections 13370 and 13260, Basin Plan Prohibition No. 14.
• Inspection and Entry. Conditions related to site access requirements are authorized because they support the Water Boards' authority to investigate the quality of any waters of the state within its region under California Water Code section 13267. California Water Code section 13267(c) provides that "the regional board may inspect the facilities of any person to ascertain whether the purposes of this division are being met and waste discharge requirements are being complied with."
Citation: California Water Code section 13267(c).

Attachment 4. Standard Provisions - Permit Actions
Justification: Conditions regarding transfers are necessary to confirm that a new owner agrees to assume legal responsibility for compliance with the Order. The Order authorizes activities based on the information submitted in the application, including the legally responsible party. If a new owner does not agree to assume legal responsibility, then the original discharger remains responsible for compliance with this Order. Confirmation is also necessary to confirm whether liability for long-term best management practices maintenance is accepted by another entity. If not, the original discharger remains responsible for compliance with this Order.

Citation: California Water Code section 13264 prohibits any discharge that is not specifically authorized in the Order.

Attachment 4. Standard Provisions - Reporting
• Anticipated Non-compliance and 24-Hour Non-compliance Reporting. Justification:

These conditions are necessary to ensure that the San Diego Water Board knows when impacts to waters of the United States and/or State are occurring. In addition, notifications related to non-compliance are needed to ensure that corrective actions, if any, that are necessary to minimize the impact or clean up such discharges can be taken as soon as possible.

Citation: These notification and reporting conditions are authorized because the San Diego Water Board has the authority to investigate the quality of any waters of the State within its region under California Water Code sections 13267 and 13383. 31 1037 1143
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
• Document Certification Requirements, Document Signatory Requirements, and Electronic Document Submittal. Justification: These conditions are necessary to verify that the Project impacts to waters of the United States and/or State do not exceed those authorized under the Order and that any compensatory mitigation and/or restoration is sufficient to protect beneficial uses and water quality objectives. The reports document the progress of the project in replacing the function and services lost during temporary and/or permanent impacts.

Citation: These monitoring and reporting conditions are authorized because the Water Boards have the authority to investigate the quality of any waters of the state within its region under California Water Code sections 13267 and 13383.
32 1038 1144
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
San Clemente Shoreline Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project ATTACHMENT 6 - Project Maps
Figure 1: Project Area Vicinity Map
Figure 2: Oceanside Borrow Area
Figure 3: San Clemente Beach Placement Area
33 Order No. R9-2022- 0171
November 3, 2022
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(a) Federal agencies, … should cooperate with State agencies to develop conditions that, if agreed to during the State agency’s consistency review period and included in a Federal agency’s final decision under Subpart C … would allow the State agency to concur with the federal action. If instead a State agency issues a conditional concurrence:
(1) The State agency shall include in its concurrence letter the conditions which must be satisfied, an explanation of why the conditions are necessary to ensure consistency with specific enforceable policies of the management program, and an identification of the specific enforceable policies. The State agency’s concurrence letter shall also inform the parties that if the requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of the section are not met, then all parties shall treat the State agency’s conditional concurrence letter as an objection pursuant to the applicable Subpart . . . ; and 1154 1048
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(b) If the requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section are not met, then all parties shall treat the State agency’s conditional concurrence as an objection pursuant to the applicable Subpart.
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Section 30230. Marine resources shall be maintained, enhanced, and where feasible, restored. Special protection shall be given to areas and species of special biological or economic significance. Uses of the marine environment shall be carried out in a manner that will sustain the biological productivity of coastal waters and that will maintain healthy populations of all species of marine organisms adequate for long-term commercial, recreational, scientific, and educational purposes.

Section 30231. The biological productivity and the quality of coastal waters, streams, wetlands, estuaries, and lakes appropriate to maintain optimum populations of marine organisms and for the protection of human health shall be maintained and, where feasible, restored through, among other means, minimizing adverse effects of waste water discharges and entrainment, controlling runoff, preventing depletion of groundwater supplies and substantial interference with surface water flow,
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(b) Dredging and spoils disposal shall be planned and carried out to avoid significant disruption to marine and wildlife habitats and water circulation.

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Surfgrass (Phyllospadix torreyi and P. Scouleri) and giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) are considered to be particularly valuable marine habitats by the resource agencies because they provide shelter for fishes and invertebrates, attachment sites for sessile invertebrates, and form the basis of many marine food chains, both as living material and detritus. Surfgrass and giant kelp beds occur in limited areas along the southern California coast, usually on hard bottom substrate, compared to much more common soft bottom habitat. 7KH&RUSVUHYLHZHGH[LVWLQJKDELWDWVWXGLHVDQGFRQGXFWHGVXUYH\VIRUVXUIJUDVVUHHI NHOSDQGRWKHURIIVKRUHKDELWDWVLQWKHSURMHFWYLFLQLW\7KH&RUSVVWDWHV
Marine Shoreline and Offshore Habitats
The predominant intertidal habitat along San Clemente’s shoreline is sandy beach, although some rocky outcrops that extend from mid-beach to the low intertidal are present at Mariposa Point, north of San Clemente Pier. Beyond the surf zone, the seafloor is a mosaic of sand and low-to-high relief patch reef. Some pinnacles of the reef are visible in the nearshore zone at low tide while two prominent offshore pinnacles break the surface offshore of Mariposa Point and south of the San Clemente Pier. Other reef habitats are located south of the Pier offshore of T-Street that extends west, and then north around the end of the San Clemente Pier.

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Surfgrass (Phyllospadix torreyi), an important species that enhances the biological value of nearshore habitat, is present in the low intertidal beginning approximately 300 ft (91 m) offshore of the sand beach. Surfgrass serves as a nursery for California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) and provides shelter for a variety of juvenile and adult fishes. Surfgrass is present throughout the low intertidal platform of Mariposa Point, which is upcoast outside of the project area. Surfgrass off Mariposa Point occurs a minimum of three feet above the sand line with no more than one inch of sand covering the surface of the rocks.

Surfgrass blades in this area are 1 to 2 ft (0.3 to 0.6 m) in length. ,QWKHDUHDQRUWKRIWKH3LHUWKHVXUYH\VLGHQWLILHGVFDWWHUHGSDWFKHVRIVXUIJUDVVRQWKH XSSHUVXUIDFHVRIRQHIRRWKLJKERXOGHUV6XUIJUDVVEODGHVZHUHJHQHUDOO\IWORQJ 6RXWKRIWKH3LHUWKHVXUYH\IRXQGVXUIJUDVVPHDGRZVZHUHREVHUYHGSDUWLFXODUO\RQWKH 76WUHHW5HHILQZDWHUGHSWKVRIWRIW0//:
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The subtidal reef habitat south of the Pier is extensive and angles around the tip of San Clemente Pier. This reef formation is shown on Figure 4-6. Larger macrophytes observed on the reef include giant kelp, feather boa kelp (Endarchne binghamiae) and bladder chain kelp (Cystoseira/ Halidrys) (CRM 2000). A small patch of giant kelp consisting of 12 plants was observed 650 ft (197 m) south of the Pier at a depth of 16 ft (5 m) in October 1999, but was not observed in June 2000. Kelp canopy was observed on the entire reef in July 2009. 7KHFRQVLVWHQF\GHWHUPLQDWLRQDOVRQRWHVWKDWWKH

California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) is common in the subtidal reef habitat in the project area. Commercial lobster fishermen set traps in the area during the lobster fishing season of October through mid-March and lobster also are fished in the area by SCUBA divers.
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Figure 3-7 >([KLELW@ shows the construction and equilibrium footprints for the Project in relationship to surfgrass and kelp in the Project area. The sand placement footprint does not include any kelp beds, surfgrass, or rocky intertidal areas. Therefore, no direct impacts to sensitive habitats would occur from the placement of sand on the beach. In addition, the proposed Project would not place anchors for the mono buoy, where the hopper dredge will moor while it discharges sand to the beach, or place the sinker pipeline that will pump the sediment to shore from the hopper dredge on any sensitive habitat. The construction contractor shall avoid placement of anchors or the submerged pipeline onto reef habitat, which could crush attached organisms. The construction contractor shall also avoid side to side movement of the anchors or pipeline as they are placed, which could abrade surfgrass, algae, or attached invertebrates. If a substantial amount of surfgrass or kelp were affected by placement and removal of anchors and pipelines, the impact would be considered significant. These impacts would be avoided and minimized by performing a preconstruction survey to identify anchor and pipeline locations that would avoid sensitive resources. Because most of the surfgrass in the Project area grows on TStreet reef, it is possible to avoid surfgrass by avoiding the reef when laying the pipeline.
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The net movement of beach sands in the Project area is expected to be southerly, but some northerly movement may occasionally occur. Based on monitoring of the SANDAG beach fill project at Oceanside, most sand movement is expected to be toward the south (Appendix D). Therefore, it is unlikely that significant quantities of sand will be transported to the north to the rocky intertidal habitat at Mariposa Point. The equilibrium footprint for the 50 ft Beach Width Alternative indicates that sand will not extend as far upcoast as Mariposa Point (Figure 3-2).

Therefore, the proposed action would not be expected to result in the net loss of habitat value of sensitive rocky intertidal habitat, and impacts to rocky intertidal habitat would not be significant.
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Therefore, the equilibrium footprint of the Project likely would result in a range of impacts between no burial of surfgrass on the larger rocks and partial burial on the smaller boulders. Burial of surfgrass on the outer portions of T-street reef would be minimal. Surfgrass is adapted to partial sand burial, routinely survives seasonal sand burial of part of its blades, and can recover quickly via regrowth if the root system is intact; however, the degree of sand burial surfgrass can withstand is not well documented (SANDAG 2000).
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Based on observation of burial of existing offshore surfgrass in the area, CRM (2000) proposed a criterion of sand burial of no more than 2/3 of the blade length for six months or less as a level that surfgrass can withstand, and concluded that burial of less than half the blade lengths for less than six months would not be expected to result in long-term damage (CRM 2000).
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A recent laboratory study of Phyllospadix scouoleri suggested that short term sand burial may result in shoot mortality, decreased shoot counts, and reduced growth of surfgrass (Craig et al. 2008). The study found that shoot density decreased compared to controls for a burial depth of 0.8 feet (25 cm), but not shallower burial depths. Mean shoot growth rate decreased in all burial treatments. Therefore, the Project may result in some degradation of the shallower portion of the surfgrass habitat, but would not result in a significant loss of surfgrass. For the Project, the sand from the beach fill is predicted to move out of the equilibrium footprint within 6 years.

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In addition to partial burial of surfgrass, offshore movement of sediment may result in filling in some holes and crevices in the shallow subtidal that are used by lobsters. These shallow subtidal reef areas are periodically covered and uncovered by sand naturally (i.e., in the absence of a beach nourishment project).

The beach fill from this alternative would have only minimal effects on the 1161 1055
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considerable reef area near the end of San Clemente Pier and would not degrade that habitat for lobsters. Temporary degradation of a limited amount of inshore lobster habitat would not be significant.
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Periodic renourishment at San Clemente would occur approximately every 6 years.

The impacts of renourishment to sensitive habitats would be similar to those of initial placement. Effects, if any, are expected to be transitory and within natural variation.

Because observations of other beach fill projects have documented that observed effects on sensitive habitats last between six months and two years, maintenance renourishment at a frequency of every 6 years would not be expected to result in permanent degradation of sensitive habitats. Sensitive habitats should be monitored to document any effects that may occur from beach renourishment. If impacts to surfgrass are observed, subsequent nourishment activities will be modified. If longterm impacts still are observed after modifying renourishment, then renourishment would not occur again until impacted surfgrass has recovered or mitigation is implemented.
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Biological monitoring of sensitive habitats, including rocky intertidal, shallow subtidal reefs, and kelp forests, was conducted following implementation of the SANDAG Regional Beach Sand project, which placed sand on several beaches in San Diego County (AMEC 2005). Beach profile and biological monitoring data indicated a great deal of spatial and temporal variability in sediment transport. …
Of 18 shallow subtidal reef locations monitored to assess potential impacts of the SANDAG project, only three showed an increase in sediment cover that may have been a result of the project (AMEC 2005). A monitoring site near Batiquitos Lagoon showed increased sedimentation two years following the SANDAG beach fill, suggesting a cause and effect relationship, but the increased sand levels were within variation observed during monitoring of the site before the beach fill. The increase in sediment cover at this site did not appear to have any biological effects because the cover and abundance of indicator species did not change. A monitoring site in North Carlsbad showed an increase in cover following the SANDAG beach fill and an associated decrease in surfgrass cover. However, there were multiple sources of sediment near this site and it is unclear to what extent the observed effects were related to the SANDAG project. The third site that showed a significant increase in sedimentation following the SANDAG beach 1162 1056
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fill was at Solana Beach. The SANDAG project was the only apparent source of sediment at this site. The increased sedimentation did not appear to affect surfgrass cover, but shoot density declined, possibly in response to the increased sedimentation.

Of the kelp bed sites monitored as part of the SANDAG program, some showed relatively constant sand cover, and some showed an increase in sediment cover following the SANDAG beach fill (AMEC 2005). The sand cover observed at the sites with increased sedimentation was within levels observed during pre-project monitoring, suggesting natural variation. The increases in sand cover did not appear to affect the distribution and abundance pattern of kelp bed indicator species. Giant kelp recruitment and persistence either increased or remained stable during the period following the SANDAG Regional Beach Sand project. 7KH(,6FRQFOXGHV

Summary of Significant Unavoidable Impacts:

If a substantial amount of surfgrass were lost, impacts may remain significant even with mitigation. Although the beach fill sand would be expected to move out of the equilibrium footprint within 6 years, because models are not precise, it is not clear if surfgrass would recover. If adverse significant impacts to surfgrass are observed from the monitoring, subsequent nourishment activities will be modified to avoid or minimize these impacts as part of adaptive management. If adverse significant impacts still are observed after all reasonable attempts to avoid or minimize impacts have been exhausted, additional renourishment would not occur until impacted surfgrass has recovered or and compensatory mitigation is completed. A consistently successful method to transplant surfgrass has not yet been devised, although recent experiments may provide new options. Potential mitigation, if necessary, is described in the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Plan (Appendix B). 7KXVWKH&RUSVDFFHSWVWKHQHHGIRUFRQWLQXHGPRQLWRULQJWRDVVHVVLPSDFWVWRXVH DGDSWLYHPDQDJHPHQWDQGPRGLI\WKHSURMHFWLILPSDFWVWRVXUIJUDVVDUHREVHUYHGDQG PRVWLPSRUWDQWO\WKDWUHQRXULVKPHQWZRXOGQRWRFFXUXQWLODIIHFWHGVXUIJUDVVKDV UHFRYHUHGRUPLWLJDWLRQLVLPSOHPHQWHG7KH&RUSV¶PRQLWRULQJDQGPLWLJDWLRQPHDVXUHV

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The Project has a mitigation budget that accommodates 1 acre of impacts to surfgrass plus 1 acre of impacts to reef, for a total potential impact to 2 acres of resources as a worst-case scenario. Initial modeling by the Corps shows that there is potential to impact 20 percent of the inshore edge of T-Street reef; and 5 acres of the T-Street reef. Twenty percent of the inshore edge is a reasonably foreseeable estimate of impacts based on a best professional judgment functional habitat evaluation assessment and the coastal engineering model. Both the BPJ FA >%HVW3URIHVVLRQDO -XGJPHQW)XQFWLRQDO$VVHVVPHQW@and the coastal engineering model considered the potential depth in addition to area; however that detail is not in inches, but in feet. A greater impact area would be unlikely, but an additional acre of potential impacts was included in the contingency mitigation budget to account for an unlikely worstcase scenario. 7KH&RUSV¶ELRORJLFDOPRQLWRULQJSODQ
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The final monitoring plan will be prepared during the pre-construction engineering design (PED) phase of the project. The details of these plans will be finalized in conference with knowledgeable, experienced, and qualified marine ecologists. The monitoring shall be performed by knowledgeable, experienced, and qualified marine biologists. These knowledgeable, experienced, and qualified marine ecologists may come from a variety of various agencies, organizations, institutions, or community centers of practice and expertise, such as academia - University of California, Corps Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Southwest Fisheries Sciences Center, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 1164 1058
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Western Ecological Research Center, other federal and state agencies, as well as consulting marine ecologists. CDFG, FWS, and NMFS regulatory resources agency staff will also be involved with the review process.
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1) a post-construction monitoring program for rocky reef/surfgrass habitat in the San Clemente Pier area to determine if project mitigation would be necessary; 2) a preliminary mitigation implementation plan, if mitigation is determined to be necessary; and
3) a preliminary mitigation monitoring plan, if mitigation is determined to be necessary.
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Due to the uncertain nature of this modeling because of the multiple variables in the natural environment itself, impacts and mitigation requirements are expected to be unlikely, but currently are unknown. A post construction monitoring plan has been developed to determine if project impacts require mitigation based on comparisons to pre-construction conditions.
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The following criteria are suggested as potential triggers for mitigation. Actual triggers would be determined in coordination with the resource agencies prior to initiation of post-construction monitoring activities.
1) For random transects: a persistent decrease in surfgrass cover or surfgrass density and an increase in sand cover and/or depth that is statistically significantly different than the controls and the baseline at the 0.05 confidence level (i.e., p-value = 0.05).
2) For permanent transects: a persistent 20% decrease in surfgrass cover or surfgrass density coupled with a 20% increase in sand depth and/or cover. 7KH0053SURSRVHVEDVHOLQHDQGSRVWFRQVWUXFWLRQPRQLWRULQJZLWKWKHSRVWFRQVWUXFWLRQ PRQLWRULQJWUDQVHFWVWDNHQDQQXDOO\IRU\HDUVDIWHUFRPSOHWLRQ IRXUWLPHVLQWKHILUVW\HDU
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Section 30210. In carrying out the requirement of Section 4 of Article X of the California Constitution, maximum access, which shall be conspicuously posted, and recreational opportunities shall be provided for all the people consistent with public safety needs and the need to protect public rights, rights of private property owners, and natural resource areas from overuse.

Section 30211. Development shall not interfere with the public's right of access to the sea where acquired through use or legislative authorization, including, but not limited to, the use of dry sand and rocky coastal beaches to the first line of terrestrial vegetation.

Section 30212
(a) Public access from the nearest public roadway to the shoreline and along the coast shall be provided in new development projects except where: (l) it is inconsistent with public safety, military security needs, or the protection of fragile coastal resources, (2) adequate access exists nearby... 1169 1063
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Section 30213. Lower cost visitor and recreational facilities shall be protected, encouraged, and, where feasible, provided. Developments providing public recreational opportunities are preferred....

Section 30220. Coastal areas suited for water-oriented recreational activities that cannot readily be provided at inland water areas shall be protected for such uses. 6DQ&OHPHQWH&LW\DQG6WDWH%HDFKHVUDQNDWWKHWRSRI&DOLIRUQLD¶VEHDFKHVLQWHUPVRIERWK SRSXODULW\DQGH[WHQWRIYLVLWRUXVH
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The public interest related to the establishment of planning objectives and planning constraints are:

1. To reduce the potential for storm damages to the LOSSAN Rail Corridor facilities and operations, located along the beaches of the City of San Clemente;

2. To reduce the potential for storm damages to public beach facilities;

3. To restore the recreation beach along the Pacific Coast of the City of San Clemente;

4. To preserve the nearshore ecosystem that supports commercial lobster, fisherman, and snorkeling activities;

5. To preserve and enhance opportunities for surfing along the San Clemente coast;

6. To improve public access and safety to the recreation beach areas of the City of San Clemente; and

7. To improve public access and safety to the recreation beach areas of the City of San Clemente.
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Only portions of the beach would be closed during construction. As portions of the beach are completed, the construction zone would be moved down the beach.

Construction is typically performed in sections. Each section is closed off with no horizontal (alongshore) access through the area. Vertical (cross shore) access is allowed along the section boundaries. To the maximum extent practicable, USACE specifies the public access in the pre-construction, engineering and design (PED) Phase. At each access point, only a small fraction of that entry point would be closed or pedestrian traffic detoured around the construction.

Access to the San Clemente Pier would not be closed. If necessary, USACE can specify additional access be provided, nonetheless it would have to coordinated with the City of San Clemente. Given the short-term period of construction (up to four months), impacts would be considered temporary and not significant. >(PSKDVLVLQRULJLQDO@
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Some of the sand placed on San Clemente Beach to widen the beach by 50 ft would be carried offshore. The T-Street surfing location is within the alongshore extent of the proposed beach nourishment. The reef at T-Street is a seabed perturbation such that its elevation, shape, and orientation to incoming waves are a unique combination that tends to shoal waves to a peak with a resulting plunging “left” (from the surfer’s perspective, wave breaks from right to left) and “right” (from the surfer’s perspective, wave breaks from left to right), which results in a variety of waves and favorable surfing characteristics. The configuration and orientation of the reef to incoming waves create consistent surfing waves, making T-Street a popular break in the south Orange County coastal area. High steepness waves result in plunging breakers, which are associated with beaches with steeper gradients. Plunging breakers descend very quickly and with substantial force; noted for a “lip,” or shoreward facing edge, at the top of the wave. With the proper set of conditions, the plunging lip can create a “tube” or barrel.” The consistent steepness of the wave coupled with the structure of the lip enables surfers to consistently reach higher speeds and perform more maneuvers. The surfing extends from the beach to about 600 ft (200 m) offshore and typically is in water depths less than 15 ft (5 m). The surfing area is closer to the beach than the actual reef location, as incoming waves require time and space to be transformed by the reef bathymetry. 1171 1065
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Most of the sand from the Project would settle in the inshore portion of the reef and would not affect the refractive abilities of the reef or the characteristics of the “take-off.” However, as the wave encounters the straightened bathymetry inshore, it may “close-out,” resulting in a shorter ride in the realm of seconds.

This condition would be temporary and would lessen as the sand moves off the reef steadily over the course of 6 years at a long-term erosion rate of 13 ft (4 m) per year. Although impacts due to the wider beach may occur, an aerial photographs of San Clemente Beach at the Pier (Figure 4-4) indicates that the beach width in 1994 was approximately 55 ft (17 m) wide and no records have been found that indicate surfing ceased within the Project area during that time.

Because the shorter rides are a temporary condition, impacts to surfing would not be significant. The wider beach would improve the recreational experience for sunbathers, walkers/joggers, and picnickers. More beach area would be available for these activities construction areas, including the beach and nearshore zone.

The effects on public safety while the beach fill Project is reaching equilibrium would be a significant, but temporary, impact.
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Surfing and high quality surfable waves are an increasingly valuable resource.

An innovative method pioneered by the Los Angeles District has been developed to quantify surf quality (surfability). A trained observer visually estimates the breaking wave climate at the shoreline twice daily, typically at first light and at 1300; the times are approximate. Wave characteristics measured included height, period, and direction. Wave heights from the crest to the trough are visually estimated to the nearest 1 foot. Waves are observed for a period of 5-10 minutes and the minimum, average, and maximum wave heights are estimated. Wave period is based on an average of 30 waves over the 5-10 minute observation period and is reported to the nearest 1 second. Wave directions are reported relative to the beach normal and estimated to the nearest 5 degrees. Wave directions are recorded as normal (0-10 degrees); slightly from the left (or right) (10-25 degrees); significantly from the left (or right) (greater than 25 degrees).

Surf quality is also expressed in common surf language by the observer. Visual observations are supplemented with video recordings.
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6HFWLRQ. Marine resources shall be maintained, enhanced, and where feasible, restored. Special protection shall be given to areas and species of special biological or economic significance. Uses of the marine environment shall be carried out in a manner that will sustain the biological productivity of coastal waters and that will maintain healthy populations of all species of marine organisms adequate for long-term commercial, recreational, scientific, and educational purposes.
6HFWLRQ The biological productivity and the quality of coastal waters, streams, wetlands, estuaries, and lakes appropriate to maintain optimum populations of marine organisms and for the protection of human health shall be maintained and, where feasible, restored through, among other means, minimizing adverse effects of waste water discharges and entrainment, controlling runoff, preventing depletion of groundwater supplies and substantial interference with surface water flow, encouraging waste water reclamation, maintaining natural vegetation buffer areas that protect riparian habitats, and minimizing alteration of natural streams. :DWHUTXDOLW\LPSDFWVFDQRFFXUDWHLWKHUWKHRIIVKRUHERUURZVLWHRUWKHRQVKRUH UHSOHQLVKPHQWGXHWRIXHOVSLOODQGFRQWDPLQDQWUHOHDVHVRUH[FHVVLYHWXUELGLW\IURP GUHGJLQJRUGLVSRVDO7KH&RUSVSURSRVHVWRPLQLPL]HWKHVHHIIHFWVWKURXJKDGKHUHQFHWR D6WRUPZDWHU3ROOXWLRQ3UHYHQWLRQ3ODQ
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Monitoring data from previous California beach nourishment projects have found concentrations within the plumes to be no higher than that which occurs naturally in nearshore waters under higher wave or storm conditions. Plumes from dredging and sand placement of this project are not expected to have a significant impact.
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MM-WR-50-1.1: A SWPPP and an OSPRP shall be prepared for all construction activities. These plans shall specify specific measures that shall be taken during dredging and beach construction to avoid introducing contaminants to the ocean via leaks and spills. All measures shall be adhered to during Project construction.