Exhibit A to Attachment 2 - 2025 UWMP.pdf — San Clemente City Council, June 16, 2026

2025 Urban Water
Management Plan
FINAL DRAFT / May 2026
in collaboration with and
Exhibit A
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
May 2026 / FINAL DRAFT
Prepared By: Prepared For:

Carollo Engineers, Inc. City of San Clemente
707 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 3920 910 Calle Negocio
Los Angeles, California 90017 San Clemente, California 92673 Phone: 213.489.1587 Phone: 949.361.8200
https://www.carollo.com https://www.sanclemente.gov
In collaboration with:
2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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pw://Carollo/CA/MWDOC/204447-000000/03 Reports and Studies/02 Deliverables/Grp4_San Clemente UWMP/_Cover_TOC_Abbrevs_AppxCovers.docx Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES.1 Introduction and UWMP Overview ES-1
ES.2 UWMP Preparation ES-1
ES.3 System Description ES-1
ES.4 Water Use Characterization ES-2
ES.4.1 Water Use in the Last Five Years ES-2
ES.4.2 Projected Water Use ES-2
ES.5 Conservation Target Compliance ES-2
ES.6 Water Supply Characterization ES-2
ES.7 Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment ES-3 ES.8 Water Shortage Contingency Planning ES-3
ES.9 Demand Management Measures ES-4
ES.10 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation ES-4 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND UWMP OVERVIEW

1.1 Overview of Urban Water Management Plan Requirements 1-1

1.2 UWMP Organization 1-2
CHAPTER 2 UWMP PREPARATION

2.1 Individual Planning and Compliance 2-2

2.2 Coordination and Outreach 2-3

2.2.1 Integration with Other Planning Efforts 2-3

2.2.2 Wholesale and Retail Coordination 2-5

2.2.3 Public Participation 2-5
CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

3.1 Agency Overview 3-1

3.1.1 Formation and Purpose 3-1

3.1.2 City Council 3-2

3.1.3 Relationship to MWDOC 3-2

3.2 Water Service Area and Facilities 3-4

3.2.1 Water Service Area 3-4

3.2.2 Water Facilities 3-5

3.3 Climate 3-5

3.4 Population, Demographics, and Socioeconomics 3-5

3.4.1 Service Area Population 3-5

3.4.2 Demographics and Socioeconomics 3-6

3.4.3 Demographic Projection Methodology 3-6
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3.5 Land Uses 3-7

3.5.1 Current Land Uses 3-7

3.5.2 Projected Land Uses 3-7
CHAPTER 4 WATER USE CHARACTERIZATION

4.1 Water Use in the last Five Years 4-3

4.1.1 Potable Municipal & Industrial Use 4-5

4.1.2 Non-Potable Municipal & Industrial Use 4-5

4.2 Projected Water Use 4-6

4.2.1 Water Use Projections for 2026-2030 4-6

4.2.2 Water Use Projections for 2030-2050 4-6

4.3 Water Demand Projection Methodology 4-8

4.3.1 Econometric Approach, Data Acquisition, and Model Development 4-9

4.3.2 Forecasted Demands 4-11

4.4 Water Loss 4-12
CHAPTER 5 CONSERVATION TARGET COMPLIANCE

5.1 Reporting Requirements 5-1
CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY CHARACTERIZATION

6.1 Water Supply Overview 6-1

6.2 Imported Water 6-4

6.2.1 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California 6-4

6.2.2 Colorado River Aqueduct 6-8

6.2.3 State Water Project 6-11

6.2.4 Storage, Transfers, and Conveyance Programs 6-14

6.2.5 Untreated Imported Water - Baker Treatment Plant 6-16

6.2.6 Potential Future Water Projects 6-16

6.2.7 Supply Reliability within MET 6-17

6.3 Local Groundwater 6-24

6.3.1 San Mateo Groundwater Basin 6-24

6.3.2 Planned Future Groundwater Sources 6-24

6.4 Surface Water 6-25

6.4.1 Existing Surface Water Sources 6-25

6.4.2 Planned Future Surface Water Sources 6-25

6.5 Stormwater 6-25

6.5.1 Existing Stormwater Sources 6-25

6.5.2 Planned Future Stormwater Sources 6-25

6.6 Wastewater and Recycled Water 6-25

6.6.1 Agency Coordination 6-25

6.6.2 Wastewater 6-28
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6.6.3 Current Recycled Water Uses 6-29

6.6.4 Projected Recycled Water Uses 6-30

6.6.5 Potential Recycled Water Uses 6-31

6.7 Desalination Opportunities 6-31

6.7.1 Ocean Water Desalination 6-32

6.7.2 Groundwater Desalination 6-32

6.8 Water Exchanges and Transfers 6-32

6.8.1 Existing Exchanges and Transfers 6-32

6.8.2 Planned and Potential Exchanges and Transfers 6-33

6.9 Future Water Projects 6-33

6.10 Energy Intensity 6-34

6.10.1 Water Supply Energy Intensity 6-35

6.10.2 Wastewater and Recycled Water Energy Intensity 6-37

6.10.3 Key Findings and Next Steps 6-39
CHAPTER 7 WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY AND DROUGHT RISK

ASSESSMENT

7.1 Water Service Reliability Overview 7-1

7.2 Factors Affecting Water Supply Reliability 7-2

7.2.1 Climate Change and the Environment 7-2

7.2.2 Regulatory and Legal 7-3

7.2.3 Water Quality 7-4

7.2.4 Locally Applicable Criteria 7-6

7.3 Water Service Reliability Assessment 7-6

7.3.1 Normal Year Reliability 7-7

7.3.2 Single Dry Year Reliability 7-8

7.3.3 Multiple Dry Years Reliability 7-9

7.4 Management Tools and Options 7-10

7.5 Drought Risk Assessment 7-11

7.5.1 Methodology 7-11

7.5.2 Total Water Supply and Use Comparison 7-13

7.5.3 Water Source Reliability 7-13
CHAPTER 8 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLANNING

8.1 Background 8-1

8.2 Overview of the Water Shortage Contingency Plan 8-1

8.3 Summary of Water Shortage Response Strategy and Required DWR Tables 8-2 CHAPTER 9 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES

9.1 City of San Clemente Demand Management Measures 9-2

9.1.1 Operations Practices 9-3

9.1.2 Public Education and Outreach 9-6

9.1.3 Residential Indoor Rebate Programs 9-8
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9.1.4 CII Programs 9-9

9.1.5 Landscape Programs 9-10

9.2 City of San Clemente DMM Implementation (2020-2025) 9-11

9.3 MWDOC Demand Management Implementation Assistance Programs 9-12

9.3.1 State Water Conservation Compliance Assistance 9-12

9.3.2 Regional Rebate Programs and Local Program Assistance 9-13

9.3.3 Research and Evaluation 9-13

9.4 Urban Water Use Objective and CII Performance Measure Compliance 9-14

9.4.1 UWUO Components 9-14

9.4.2 CII Performance Measures 9-16
CHAPTER 10 PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND IMPLEMENTATION

10.1 Overview 10-1

10.2 Agency Coordination 10-2

10.3 Public Participation 10-2

10.4 UWMP Submittal 10-3

10.5 Amending the Adopted UWMP or WSCP 10-3
CHAPTER 11 REFERENCES
Appendices

APPENDIX A UWMP WATER CODE CHECKLIST

APPENDIX B DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES (DWR) STANDARDIZED TABLES

APPENDIX C REDUCED DELTA RELIANCE

APPENDIX D AWWA WATER LOSS AUDITS
APPENDIX E BASIN 9-002 SAN MATEO VALLEY BASIN BULLETIN 118

APPENDIX F WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN

APPENDIX G WATER USE EFFICIENCY IMPLEMENTATION REPORT
APPENDIX H 2025 ORANGE COUNTY WATER DEMAND MODEL TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM

APPENDIX I NOTIFICATION OF PUBLIC AND SERVICE AREA PROVIDERS

APPENDIX J ADOPTED UWMP RESOLUTIONS
Tables
Table 2.1 Submittal Table 2-1 Retail: Public Water Systems 2-2 Table 2.2 Submittal Table 2-2: Plan Identification 2-2
Table 2.3 Submittal Table 2-3: Supplier Identification 2-3 Table 2.4 Submittal Table 2-4 Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange 2-5 Table 3.1 Submittal 3-1 Retail: Population - Current and Projected 3-6 Table 3.2 City of San Clemente Service Area Dwelling Units by Type 3-6 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Table 4.1 Submittal Table 4-1 Retail: Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water – Actual 4-5
Table 4.2 City of San Clemente’s Service Area Total Potable and Non-Potable Demand for 2026-2030 4-6
Table 4.3 Submittal Table 4-2 Retail: Total Uses of Potable, and Non-Potable Water - Projected 4-7
Table 4.4 Submittal Table 4-3 Retail: Inclusion in Water Use Projections 4-7 Table 4.5 Optional Submittal Table 4-4 Retail: Passive Water Savings Projections 4-8 Table 4.6 Summary of Demand Sectors 4-10
Table 4.7 Summary of Historical Data Collected for Model Development 4-10 Table 4.8 Future Model Parameters 4-12
Table 4.9 Submittal Table 4-5 Retail: Water Loss Audit Reporting 4-13 Table 4.10 Submittal Table 4-6 Retail: Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard 4-14 Table 5.1 Submittal Table 5-1 Retail: SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress 5-2 Table 6.1 Submittal Table 6-8 Retail: Water Supplies – 2025 Actual 6-2 Table 6.2 Submittal Table 6-9 Retail: Water Supplies – Projected 6-3 Table 6.3 MET SWP Program Capabilities 6-12
Table 6.4 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Normal Year 6-19
Table 6.5 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Single Dry Year 6-20
Table 6.6 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Drought (5 Consecutive Water Years) 6-21
Table 6.7 MET's Water Use, Supply, and Drought Risk Assessment for 2026-2030 6-23 Table 6.8 Submittal Table 6-2 Retail: Wastewater Collected within the City's Service Area in 2025 6-29
Table 6.9 Submittal Table 6-3 Retail: Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes within the City's Service Area in 2025 6-29
Table 6.10 Submittal Table 6-4 Retail: Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area 6-30
Table 6.11 Submittal Table 6-5 Retail: 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual 6-31
Table 6.12 Submittal Table 6-6 Retail: Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use within the Service Area 6-31
Table 6.13 Submittal Table 6-7 Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs 6-33
Table 6.14 Optional Submittal Table O-1A: Energy Efficiency Reporting 6-36 Table 6.15 Optional Submittal Table O-2: Energy Efficiency – Wastewater and Recycled Water 6-38
Table 7.1 Optional Submittal Table 7-1 Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) 7-2
Table 7.2 Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison 7-7 Table 7.3 Optional Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison-Potable 7-8
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Table 7.4 Optional Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison-Non-Potable 7-8
Table 7.5 Submittal Table 7-3 Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison 7-9 Table 7.6 Submittal Table 7-4 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison 7-9
Table 7.7 Submittal Table 7-5 Retail: Retail: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment 7-13 Table 8.1 Cross-Reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels 8-3 Table 8.2 Supply Augmentation and Other Actions 8-4
Table 8.3 Demand Reduction Actions 8-5
Table 9.1 DMM Implementation Responsibility and Regional Programs in Orange County 9-2
Table 9.2 City of San Clemente Water Use Efficiency Program Participation 9-11 Table 9.3 MWDOC Programs to Help OC Retail Agencies Meet their Urban Water Use Objectives 9-14
Table 9.4 City of San Clemente CII BMP and Water Efficiency Programs and Incentives 9-16 Table 10.1 External Coordination and Outreach 10-1
Table 10.2 Submittal Table 10-1 Retail: Notification to Cities and Counties 10-2 Figures
Figure 3.1 Regional Location of City of San Clemente and Other MWDOC Member Agencies 3-3
Figure 3.2 City of San Clemente Water Service Area 3-4
Figure 4.1 Historical Water Use and Population in Orange County 4-1 Figure 4.2 Projected Water Use Across All Orange County Water Agencies 4-2 Figure 4.3 City of San Clemente Historical Water Use 4-4 Figure 4.4 Econometric Demand Forecast Development Process 4-11 Figure 6.1 City's Projected Water Supply 6-2
Figure 6.2 Major Aqueducts that Supply Imported Water to Southern California (MET, 2025) 6-6
Figure 6.3 MET Feeders and Transmission Mains that Serve Orange County 6-7 Figure 6.4 SOCWA Service Area Map 6-27
Figure 8.1 Purpose and Relationships of the UWMP, WSCP, and Water Shortage Response Ordinance 8-1
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Abbreviations
AB Assembly Bill (California)
ADU Accessory Dwelling Unit
AF Acre-Feet
AFY Acre-Feet per Year
AMP Allen McColloch Pipeline (MET)
AWTP Advanced Water Treatment Plant
AWWA American Water Works Association
BiOps Biological Opinions
BMP Best Management Practice(s)
BOD biological oxygen demand
CAMP4W Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water
CDR Center for Demographic Research
CEE Consortium for Energy Efficiency
cfs cubic feet per second
CII Commercial, Industrial, Institutional
City City of San Clemente
CRA Colorado River Aqueduct
CRSS Colorado River Simulation System
CTP Coastal Treatment Plant
CVP Central Valley Project
CUWCC California Urban Water Conservation Council
DCR Delta planning reference
DDW Division of Drinking Water
Delta Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
DIM Dedicated Irrigation Meter
DMM Demand Management Measures
DOF Department of Finance
DRA Drought Risk Assessment
DVL Diamond Valley Lake
DWR Department of Water Resources
EIR Environmental Impact Report
EO B-29-15 Executive Order mandating 25% reduction
EOCF #2 East Orange County Feeder No. 2
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ESA Endangered Species Act
FY Fiscal Year
2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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GHG greenhouse gas
GIS Geographic Information System
gpcd Gallons Per Capita Per Day
gpf Gallons per flush
GSP Groundwater Sustainability Plan
HDI Hot-Dry Index
HECW High-Efficiency Clothes Washer
HET High-Efficiency Toilet
HRL Healthy Rivers and Landscapes (Voluntary Agreements) ICS Intentionally Created Surplus
IRP Integrated Resources Plan
IRWD Irvine Ranch Water District
JADU Junior Accessory Dwelling Unit
JRWSS Joint Regional Water Supply System
JTM Joint Transmission Main
KWh Kilowatt-hours
LAM Landscape Area Measurement
LRP Local Resources Program
LTM Local Transmission Main
MAF Million Acre-Feet
MCL maximum contaminant levels
MET Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
MG Million Gallons
MGD Million Gallons per Day
M&I Municipal & Industrial
MG/L Milligrams per Liter
MUM Mixed-Use CII Meter
MWDOC Municipal Water District of Orange County
NDMA N-nitrosodimethylamine
PFAS Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
PFOA Perfluorooctanoic Acid
PFOS Perfluorooctane Sulfonate
ppt / ng/L Parts per trillion / nanograms per liter
QSA Quantification Settlement Agreement
QWEL Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper
RHNA Regional Housing Needs Assessment
R&I retail and municipal
RTP Regional Treatment Plant
SB Senate Bill
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SCAB South Coast Air Basin
SCAG Southern California Association of Governments
SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
SCWD South Coast Water District
SDP Seawater Desalination Program
SMWD Santa Margarita Water District
SOCWA South Orange County Water Authority
STEM science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
Supplier urban water supplier
SWP State Water Project
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
TAP Technical Assistance Program
TAZ Traffic Analysis Zone
the “Delta” Sacrament-San Joaquin Delta
TM Technical Memorandum
USBR U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
USMC United States Marine Corp
UWMP Urban Water Management Plan
UWMP Act Urban Water Management Planning Act
UWUO Urban Water Use Objective
Water Code California Water Code
WEEA Water Energy Education Alliance
WIP Water Importation Pipeline
WSAP Water Supply Allocation Plan
WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan
WSIP Water Savings Incentive Program
WTP Water Treated Plant
WUE / WUEdata Water Use Efficiency / State submittal portal WSIP Water Savings Incentive Program
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES.1 Introduction and UWMP Overview
The City of San Clemente (City) prepared this 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) to submit to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to satisfy the UWMP Act of 1983 (UWMP Act or Act) and subsequent California Water Code (Water Code) requirements. UWMPs are comprehensive documents that present an evaluation of a water supplier’s reliability over a long-term (20-25 year) horizon. This 2025 UWMP provides an assessment of the present and future water supply sources and demands within the City’s service area. It presents an update to the 2020 UWMP on the City’s water resource needs, water use efficiency programs, water reliability assessment, and strategies to mitigate water shortage conditions. It also presents the City’s updated 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP), designed to prepare for and respond to water shortages. This 2025 UWMP contains all elements required by the UWMP Act.

ES.2 UWMP Preparation
The City coordinated the preparation of this 2025 UWMP with other key entities, the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC), the regional wholesaler of imported water for Orange County. The City also coordinated with other entities that provided valuable, regionally consistent data for the analyses prepared in this UWMP, including population projections from the Center for Demographic Research (CDR) at California State University, Fullerton, and the Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum (TM).

ES.3 System Description
The City is governed by a five-member City Council. Its Public Works Department, Utilities Division is responsible for ensuring a safe and reliable means of water supply to City residents within its service area.

The City spans 18.45 square miles in South Orange County, bounded to the south by San Diego County, to the west by the Pacific Ocean and to the north and east by the Cities of Dana Point and San Juan Capistrano and portions of unincorporated area of Orange County. The City's water service area covers

14.7 square miles and excludes a small section in the northern portion of the City that is serviced by South Coast Water District (SCWD), and the inland community of Talega that is serviced by Santa Margarita Water District (SMWD). The City operates 16 pumping stations, 56 pressure reducing stations, one filtration plant, 14 local and two regional reservoirs, two wells and two systems for imported water supply, and manages 232-mile water mains system with approximately 17,588 service connections. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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ES.4 Water Use Characterization
ES.4.1 Water Use in the Last Five Years
Total water use within the City’s service area has fluctuated over the past five years (fiscal year [FY] 2021-25), with an annual average of approximately 8,072 AF. FY 2020-21 through FY 2021-22 saw the highest water use over the last five years due to region-wide drought conditions. FY 2022-23 proved to be one of the wettest years on record in the State, and the City saw a general decrease in water demand following this wet year, as precipitation offsets landscape irrigation demands. These year-to-year fluctuations in precipitation will continue to influence the City’s annual demands. In general, the City saw a decrease in demand of 12 percent over the 5-year reporting period.

ES.4.2 Projected Water Use
The water use projection for this UWMP is based on the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum (TM). This demand projection represents the City’s total water demand and considers factors such as weather, water price, regional economic conditions, and housing density through a regression, or econometric, model.

Over the next 25 years, the City’s total water demands are projected to remain relatively stable from 7,965 acre-feet (AF) in 2025 to approximately 7,912 AF by 2050.

ES.5 Conservation Target Compliance
The City participated in the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance along with all other Orange County water agencies. The alliance was created by MWDOC in collaboration with all its retail member agencies as well as the Cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana, to assist Orange County retail agencies in complying with the requirements of the Water Conservation Act of 2009, also known as SBx7-7 (Senate Bill 7 as part of the Seventh Extraordinary Session). Signed into law on February 3, 2010, it required the State of California to reduce urban water use by 20 percent by 2020.

Retail water suppliers are required to comply with SBx7-7 individually or as a region in collaboration with other retail water suppliers, to be eligible for water-related state grants and loans. Orange County, as a region, achieved its 2020 target water use of 159 gallons per capita per day (GPCD) prior to 2020, indicative of the collective efforts in reducing water use in the region. All Orange County water retailers, achieved individual compliance prior to 2020. By 2020, the City achieved a per capita per day water use of 124 GPCD (compared to its 153 GPCD target) and continues to implement water use efficiency measures.

ES.6 Water Supply Characterization
The City meets all of its demands with a combination of imported water, local groundwater, and local recycled water. The City works together with three primary agencies, MET, MWDOC, and the Joint Regional Water Supply System (JRWSS) to deliver a safe and reliable water supply that will continue to serve the community in periods of average, dry and drought hydrologic conditions. In FY 2024-25, the City’s main source of water supply was imported water from MWDOC (at 90 percent), which is treated by both MET and the Baker Water Treated Plant (WTP), and non-potable recycled water (at 10 percent). The Baker WTP is a jointly operated facility for several water agencies in South Orange County. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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It is projected that by 2050, the City’s water portfolio will shift to approximately 6 percent groundwater, 14 percent recycled water, and 80 percent imported water.

ES.7 Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment Every urban water supplier is required to assess the reliability of their water service to its customers under a normal year, a single dry year, and multiple dry years. The water service reliability assessment compares projected supply to projected demand for three long-term hydrological conditions. The City’s primary sources of water are imported groundwater purchased from CDWC and imported water purchased from MWDOC.

MET, the Southern California regional wholesaler of imported water, has also invested in numerous programs and projects to augment its direct deliveries of imported water, such as water transfers, groundwater banking, and use of its reservoir storage. MET’s 2025 UWMP demonstrates that MET will be able to meet its projected water demands for its entire service area for the next 25 years under normal, dry, and five consecutive dry year conditions.

The City's recycled water program provides an alternative, local water supply that allows the service area to be less dependent on imported water. Recycled water within the City's service area is primarily used for landscape irrigation. The City recognizes the benefits of recycled water use and recently completed an expansion of its Water Reclamation Plant. The City continues to support, encourage, and contribute to the continued development of recycled water and potential uses throughout the region.

The City also has access to local groundwater from the San Mateo Valley Groundwater Basin. The City has established a safe pumping yield on its local subunit of the Basin and is projecting 500 AFY of groundwater supply from existing wells starting in FY 2028 once equipment upgrades are completed.

Overall, the City’s service area is projected to meet full-service demands from 2026 through 2050 under normal years, single dry year, and five consecutive dry year conditions.

ES.8 Water Shortage Contingency Planning
The Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) is a standalone document adopted by the City serving as the guidance document used to prepare for and respond to water shortages and service disruptions of the City’s water supplies through proactive mitigation measures. A water shortage, when water supply available is insufficient to meet the normally expected customer water use at a given point in time, may occur due to a number of reasons, such as water supply quality changes, climate change, drought, and catastrophic events (e.g., earthquake). The City’s WSCP provides a water supply availability assessment and structured steps designed to respond to actual conditions. This level of detailed planning and preparation will help maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions.

The WSCP contains the processes and procedures that will be deployed when shortage conditions arise so that the City’s governing body and its staff can easily identify and efficiently implement pre-determined steps to mitigate a water shortage to the level appropriate to the degree of water shortfall anticipated. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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ES.9 Demand Management Measures
The City has demonstrated its commitment to water use efficiency through multi-faceted and holistic water use efficiency programs. The City’s water use efficiency implementation can be described broadly under five categories: Operations Practices (e.g., conservation pricing, water waste prevention, water loss control, and metering with commodity rates), Education and Outreach (e.g., public outreach programs, K-12 school programs, Water Awareness Poster Contest, Qualified Water Efficiency Landscaper Training Program), Residential Indoor Program (e.g. various rebates), Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Program (e.g., rebates, Water Savings Incentive Program, On-site Retrofit Program), and Landscape Programs (e.g., turf replacement, spray-to-drip irrigation rebate, residential landscape design assistance).

ES.10 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
The Water Code requires both the UWMP and the WSCP to be adopted by the Supplier’s governing body.

Before the adoption of the UWMP, the City notified the public and the cities and counties within its service area that MWDOC was in the process of preparing an UWMP and WSCP per the Water Code. The City circulated the final draft of the UWMP and WSCP to facilitate public review and held a public hearing to receive input from the public on the UWMP and WSCP. Upon completion of the public hearing, the City moved to adopt both the UWMP and WSCP. Post adoption, the City submitted the UWMP to DWR and other key agencies and made the document available for public review within 30 days after filing with DWR.

The UWMP serves as a legal and technical water management foundation for the City and can be referenced as needed, until its next required update cycle in 2030. With approval from DWR, the City shall implement this plan into its public resources, providing City staff, the public, and elected officials with an understanding of past, current, and future water conditions and management. Furthermore, the WSCP serves as a strategic planning document designed to prepare for and respond to water shortages and service disruptions of the City’s water supplies.
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND UWMP OVERVIEW
The City of San Clemente (City) prepared this 2025 UWMP to submit to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to satisfy the UWMP Act of 1983 (UWMP Act or Act) and subsequent California Water Code (Water Code) requirements.

The City is a retail water supplier that provides water to its residents and other customers using the imported raw and potable water supply obtained from its regional wholesaler, Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC), surface water from Irvine Lake, local groundwater from a subunit of the San Mateo Valley Groundwater Basin, and recycled wastewater from the City’s Water Reclamation Plant. The City, as one of MWDOC’s 27 member agencies, prepared this 2025 UWMP in collaboration with MWDOC, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), and other key agencies.

UWMPs are comprehensive documents that present an evaluation of a water supplier’s reliability over a long-term (20-25 year) horizon. In response to the changing climatic conditions since the 2020 UWMP, MWDOC has been assisting its member agencies and surrounding communities to manage both their water supplies and demands. The water loss audit program, water conservation measures, public outreach and education on conservation and efforts for increased self-reliance to reduce dependency on imported water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the “Delta”) are some of the water management actions that the City has taken to maintain the reliability of water supply for its service area. Lastly, the City has been improving system reliability through the replacement and rehabilitation of existing pump stations, pressure reducing stations, and reservoirs.

This UWMP provides an assessment of the present and future water supply sources and demands within the City’s service area. It presents an update to the 2020 UWMP on the City’s water resource needs, water use efficiency programs, water reliability assessment and strategies to mitigate water shortage conditions.

It also includes the City’s updated 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) designed to prepare for and respond to water shortages. This 2025 UWMP contains all elements required by the Act.

1.1 Overview of Urban Water Management Plan Requirements The UWMP Act enacted by California legislature requires every urban water supplier (Supplier) providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) of water annually to prepare, adopt, and file an UWMP with the DWR every five years in the years ending in six and one.

For this 2025 UWMP cycle, DWR continues to place emphasis on achieving improvements for long term reliability and resilience to drought and climate change in California. Despite there being no new statutory requirements, suppliers must now report progress on meeting their 2028 Water Loss Standards and continue to state their compliance with Senate Bill (SB) X7-7 2020 Targets. Additional guidance on stored water accounting and recommendations on identifying the need for future or proposed water supply projects are provided by DWR as well.
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1.2 UWMP Organization
This UWMP is organized into 10 chapters aligned with the DWR Guidebook recommendations.

The sections within each chapter are customized to include the City’s water supply reliability and future projections as well as plans to overcome any water shortages over a planning horizon of the next 25 years. The chapters for this UWMP are listed below:

Chapter 1 Introduction and UWMP Overview gives an overview of the UWMP fundamentals and requirements for the 2025 UWMP.

Chapter 2 UWMP Preparation identifies this UWMP as an individual planning effort of the City, lists the type of year and units of measure used and introduces the coordination and outreach activities conducted by the City to develop this UWMP.

Chapter 3 System Description gives a background on the City’s water system and its climate characteristics, population projections, demographics, socioeconomics, and predominant current and projected land uses of its service area.

Chapter 4 Water Use Characterization provides historical, current, and projected water use by customer category for the next 25 years for the City and the projection methodology used by the City develop the 25-year projections.

Chapter 5 Conservation Target Compliance restates that the City’s 2020 per capita water use in gallons per capita per day (gpcd) met the compliance target defined by SB X7-7.

Chapter 6 Water Supply Characterization describes the current water supply portfolio of the City as well as the planned and potential water supply projects and water exchange and transfer opportunities.

Chapter 7 Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment describes the assessment of the reliability of the City’s water supply service to its customers for a normal year, single dry year and five consecutive dry years scenarios. This section also includes a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) of all the supply sources for a consecutive five-year drought period beginning 2026.

Chapter 8 Water Shortage Contingency Planning is a brief summary of the standalone WSCP document which provides a structured guide for the City to deal with water shortages, incorporating prescriptive information and standardized action levels, lists the appropriate actions and water use efficiency measures to be taken to ensure water supply reliability in times of water shortage conditions, along with implementation actions in the event of a catastrophic supply interruption.

Chapter 9 Demand Management Measures provides a description of the City’s current and planned measures and programs to help the retail customers in its service area be water efficient and comply with the City’s urban water use reduction targets.

Chapter 10 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation provides a record of the process the City followed to adopt and implement its UWMP.
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CHAPTER 2 UWMP PREPARATION
The City of San Clemente’s (City) 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) is prepared to meet the California Water Code (Water Code) compliance as a retail water supplier to its customers. The development of this UWMP involved close coordination with its wholesale supplier, the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC), along with other key entities within the region.

2.1 Individual Planning and Compliance
As described in Chapter 1, every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) of water annually must prepare, adopt, and file an UWMP with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) every five years to meet the compliance requirements of the UWMP Act. As shown in Table 2.1. The City of San Clemente meets this requirement as it has 17,588 municipal connections and supplied 7,965 AF in Fiscal Year 2025.

Table 2.1 Submittal Table 2-1 Retail: Public Water Systems Submittal Table 2-1 Retail: Public Water Systems
Public Water
System Number Public Water System Name Number of Municipal Connections 2025 Volume of Water Supplied
2025 (AF)
CA3010036 City of San Clemente 17,588 7,965
Total 17,588 7,965
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Table 2-3.

NOTES:

The City opted to prepare its own UWMP (Table 2.2) and comply with the Water Code individually, while closely coordinating with MWDOC, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), and various key entities as discussed in Chapter 2.2 to streamline regional integration. The UWMP Checklist was completed to confirm the compliance of this UWMP with the Water Code (Appendix A). All Department of Water Resources (DWR) standardized tables are provided in Appendix B. MWDOC has selected to report demands and supplies using fiscal year as the basis (Table 2.3).

Table 2.2 Submittal Table 2-2: Plan Identification
Submittal Table 2-2: Plan Identification
Select One
or Both Type of Plan Name of Regional Alliance or
RUWMP (Drop Down List)
Individual UWMP
If Water Supplier is also a member of a SB X7-7 Regional Alliance, select name from the drop-down.

Orange County 20x2020 Regional
Alliance
Regional Urban Water Management Plan (RUWMP)
If Supplier selected RUWMP, select name from the drop-down. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Table 2.3 Submittal Table 2-3: Supplier Identification
Submittal Table 2-3: Supplier Identification
Type of Supplier (select one or both)
Supplier is a wholesale supplier
Supplier is a retail supplier
Fiscal or Calendar Year (select one)
UWMP Tables are in calendar years
UWMP Tables are in fiscal years
If using fiscal years provide month and date that the fiscal year begins (mm/dd) 7/1
Units of measure used in UWMP
(select from drop down)
Unit AF
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

2.2 Coordination and Outreach

2.2.1 Integration with Other Planning Efforts
The City, as the retail supplier to its customers, coordinated the preparation of this UWMP with its water supplier wholesaler MWDOC, its regional wastewater management agency, Joint Regional Water Supply System (JRWSS), South Orange County Water Authority (SOCWA), and MET for regional imported water supply coordination. The City also developed this Plan in conjunction with other regionally consistent efforts, such as population projections from the Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton (CDR) and the Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum.

Key planning and reporting documents that were used to develop this UWMP are:
 MET’s 2025 UWMP uses assumptions that fall within the plausible futures contemplated in MET’s Integrated Water Resources Plan to evaluate MET’s future imported water supply reliability.  MET’s 2020 Integrated Water Resources Plan (IRP) Regional Needs Assessment is a long-term, scenario-based planning document that guides Metropolitan’s programs and investments to ensure reliable water supplies in Southern California and provides a basis for water supply reliability in Orange County.
 MET’s Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water (CAMP4W) is an ongoing planning and decision-making tool that accounts for the complexities and uncertainties of climate change. Part of the second phase of MET’s long-term IRP planning process, CAMP4W incorporates the results and findings of MET’s 2020 IRP Regional Needs Assessment into a collaborative process to identify and evaluate integrated regional solutions.
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 MET’s 2025 WSCP provides a water supply availability assessment and guide for MET’s intended actions during water shortage conditions.
 MWDOC’s 2025 WSCP provides a water supply availability assessment and structured steps designed to respond to actual conditions that will help maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions.
 MWDOC’s 2023 Orange County Water Reliability Study is a planning document to help guide planning for future water supply reliability for water providers in Orange County and provide input on regional water supply issues for MET.
 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum is a collaborative effort amongst MWDOC, OCWD, and all retail water suppliers in Orange County that developed water demand projections to produce regionally consistent forecasts across all Orange County water agencies.
 San Clemente Hazard Mitigation Plan (2025) provides the basis for the seismic and other natural and natural disaster risk analysis of the water system facilities.  San Clemente Capital Improvement Program of the City’s service area provides information on water infrastructure planning projects and plans to address any required water system improvements.

2.2.1.1 Statewide Water Planning
In addition to regional coordination with the various agencies described above, the City as a MWDOC member agency, is currently a part of MET’s statewide planning effort to reduce reliance on the water imported from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta).

It is the policy of the State of California to reduce reliance on the Delta in meeting California’s future water supply needs through a statewide strategy of investing in improved regional supplies, conservation, technology innovation, partner collaborations and water use efficiency measures. This policy is codified through the Delta Stewardship Council’s Delta Plan Policy WR P1 (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 23, § 5003) requires state and local water suppliers to reduce reliance on the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta by improving regional water self-reliance. It mandates that water exported from, transferred through, or used in the Delta must demonstrate efforts in water conservation, recycling, and supply diversification.

Progress towards achieving the goal of WR P1 is measured through Supplier reporting in each Urban Water Management Planning cycle. WR P1 is relevant to water suppliers that plan to participate in multi-year water transfers, conveyance facilities, or new diversions in the Delta. Additionally, with the recent amendments to the Bay Delta Plan, tributary flow objectives to the Delta are being updated to account for quality and habitat improvements for local environmental resources. This results in reduced reliance on Delta water supplies. Since 2022, the Bay-Delta Plan Amendment update has been in development. This effort considers additional tributaries from the southern San Joaquin Valley, triggering a re-evaluation of Delta flow requirements and conservation objectives, which ultimately may impact available supply to the State Water Project (SWP).

Through significant local investment, collaboration at both a local and regional scale and integration with MWDOC’s water use efficiency strategies and conservation programs, the City has demonstrated a reduction in Delta reliance. For member agencies of MWDOC that receive imported water from MET, these agencies have passively demonstrated a reduction in Delta reliance and a subsequent improvement in regional self-reliance by participating in MWDOC led regional strategies. A detailed description and 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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documentation of the City’s consistency with Delta Plan Policy WR P1 is included in Chapter 7.4 and Appendix C.

2.2.2 Wholesale and Retail Coordination
The City developed its UWMP in conjunction with MWDOC’s 2025 UWMP. The City provided its historical water use and water use projections data to MWDOC (Table 2.4).

The City has been taking part in multiple regional programs administered by MWDOC to assist retail agencies in meeting various State compliance, such as the OC Regional Alliance for SBx7-7 compliance, regional water loss program or SB555 compliance, and regional water use efficiency programs. Chapters 5 and 9 provide detailed information on these programs.

Table 2.4 Submittal Table 2-4 Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange Submittal Table 2-4 Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange Water Code Section 10631(h)
The retail Supplier has informed the following wholesale supplier(s) of projected water use.

Wholesale Water Supplier Name
Add additional rows as needed
Municipal Water District of Orange County
NOTES:

2.2.3 Public Participation
For further coordination with other key agencies, and to encourage public participation in the review and update of this Plan, the City held a public hearing on June 16, 2026 and notified key entities and the public per the Water Code requirements. Chapters 10.2 and 10.3 describe these efforts in detail. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The City of San Clemente (City) is governed by a five-member City Council. Its Public Works Department, Utilities Division is responsible for ensuring a safe and reliable means of water supply to City residents within its service area.

The City’s climate is characterized by southern California’s “Mediterranean” climate with mild winters, warm summers and moderate rainfall. In terms of land use, the City is a predominantly single and multi-family residential community. The City’s most recently completed development and last new development to be built out, Marblehead Coastal, sits on a 248-acre site, and includes 313 residential units, a 52-acre commercial center and more than 125 acres of open space. Moving forward, the City will continue planning for its Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) allocation and future planned developments beyond 2025 including considering accessory dwelling units (ADUs) as a means of providing affordable housing. The current population (2025) of 49,265 is projected to decrease by

4.1 percent over the next 25 years to 47,257. This equates to an annual decline rate of 0.16 percent.

3.1 Agency Overview
This section provides information on the formation and history of the City, its organizational structure, roles, and relationship to the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC).

3.1.1 Formation and Purpose
The mission of the City is to work in partnership with the community to foster a tradition dedicated to:
 Maintaining a safe, healthy atmosphere in which to live, work and play.  Guiding development to ensure responsible growth while preserving and enhancing our village character, unique environment, and natural amenities.
 Providing for the City’s long-term stability through promotion of economic vitality and diversity.  Resulting in a balanced community committed to protection of what is valued today while meeting tomorrow’s needs.

In particular, the purpose of the Water Division of the Public Works Department is to provide adequate supplies of potable and recycled water while meeting health and quality standards of the State Water Resources Control Board.
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3.1.2 City Council
The residents of the City are represented by a five-member council. Current City Council members are:
 Rick Loeffler, Mayor.
 Steve Knoblock, Mayor Pro Tem.
 Victor Cabral, Council Member.
 Mark Enmeier, Council Member.
 Zhen Wu, Council Member.

3.1.3 Relationship to MWDOC
The City is one of MWDOC’s 27 member agencies purchasing imported water from MWDOC, Orange County’s wholesale water supplier and a member agency of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET). The City’s location within MWDOC’s service area is shown on Figure 3.1. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Figure 3.1 Regional Location of City of San Clemente and Other MWDOC Member Agencies 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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3.2 Water Service Area and Facilities

3.2.1 Water Service Area
The City spans 18.45 square miles of coastline and scenic foothills in South Orange County. It is bounded to the south by San Diego County, to the west by the Pacific Ocean and to the north and east by the Cities of Dana Point and San Juan Capistrano and portions of unincorporated area of Orange County within SMWD’s service area. The City's water service area covers 14.7 square miles and excludes a small section in the northern portion of the City that is serviced by SCWD, and the inland community of Talega that is serviced by SMWD. A map of the City's water service area is shown as Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2 City of San Clemente Water Service Area
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3.2.2 Water Facilities
The City’s water system consists of 13 service zones defined by reservoirs and 20 sub-zones through pressure reducing stations due to servicing a topography ranging from sea level to approximately 900 feet in elevation. The City maintains approximately 232 miles of mains, 16 pumping stations, 56 pressure reducing stations, one filtration plant, 14 local and two regional reservoirs, and two wells.

Most of the City’s water supply is imported through two systems originating at MET. One of these is the Local Transmission Main (LTM) System; the second is the Water Importation Pipeline (WIP) System. The City has 14.78 cubic feet per second (cfs) capacity through the LTM, and a current capacity of 6 cfs through the WIP. The City also owns and operates a Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) with a capacity of approximate 3.6 million gallons per day (MGD) of recycled water production.

3.3 Climate
The City's service area is located within the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) that encompasses all of Orange County, and the urban areas of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Riverside counties. The climate in the SCAB area is characterized by southern California’s “Mediterranean” climate: a semi-arid environment with mild winters, warm summers, and moderate rainfall.

Local rainfall has limited impacts on reducing water demand in the City, except for the case of landscape irrigation demand. For example, in August 2023, Orange County as a region experienced the lowest seasonal water demand due to significant summer precipitation events from Tropical Storm Hilary. The increase in precipitation allowed landscape irrigation systems to be turned off, however other municipal and industrial uses (e.g., indoor consumption, processing, and washing remained the same).

Water that infiltrates into the soil may enter groundwater supplies depending on the local geography.

However, due to the large extent of impervious cover in Southern California, rainfall runoff quickly flows to a system of concrete storm drains and channels that lead directly to the ocean.

A very large portion of MET's water supplies are from the State Water Project (SWP) and the Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA) which are influenced by climate conditions in northern California and the Colorado River Basin, respectively. Both regions have variable hydrologic conditions that can significantly affect MET’s supplies from year to year. This past decade has seen dramatic swings in annual precipitation, especially in the form of snowpack, which directly affect SWP supply allocations. Similarly, the Colorado River Basin also experienced year-to-year swings in hydrology, and due to the prolonged drought conditions since 2000, storage within the Colorado River system has declined to less than half of its reservoir capacity and has been fluctuating at that level (MET, 2025).

3.4 Population, Demographics, and Socioeconomics

3.4.1 Service Area Population
The City serves a 2025 population of 49,265 according to the Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton (CDR). Overall, the population is projected to decrease 4.1 percent by 2050. Table 3.1 shows the population projections in five-year increments out to the year 2050 within the City’s service area.
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Table 3.1 Submittal 3-1 Retail: Population - Current and Projected Submittal Table 3-1 Retail: Population - Current and Projected Water Code Section 10631(a)
Population
Served
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050(opt)
49,265 48,738 48,500 48,416 47,970 47,257
NOTES:

Source: Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton, 2025.

3.4.2 Demographics and Socioeconomics
As shown below in Table 3.2, the total number of dwelling units in the City service area is expected to increase by 4.4 percent in the next 25 years from 22,113 in 2025 to 23,079 in 2050.

Table 3.2 City of San Clemente Service Area Dwelling Units by Type Dwelling Units 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Single Family 12,675 12,811 12,823 12,827 12,833 12,838 All Other(1) 9,438 9,666 9,835 9,990 10,116 10,241
Total 22,113 22,477 22,658 22,817 22,949 23,079
Notes:

Source: Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton, 2025. (1) Includes duplex, triplex, apartment, condo, townhouse, mobile home, etc. Yachts, houseboats, recreational vehicles, vans, etc. are included if is primary place of residence. Does not include group quartered units, cars, railroad box cars, etc.

In addition to the types and proportions of dwelling units, various socio-economic factors such as age distribution, education levels, general health status, income and poverty levels affect the City’s water management and planning. Based on the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey, the City has about 21 percent of population of 65 years and over, 58 percent between the ages of 18 and 64 years, and 21 percent under the age of 18 years. Of the City’s population over 25 years of age,

94.5 percent is at minimum a high school graduate, with 53.8 percent of this age group having at least a bachelor’s degree.

3.4.3 Demographic Projection Methodology
CDR is a collaborative research center established in 1996 to provide accurate and timely demographic data on population, housing, and employment in Orange County. CDR serves as Orange County’s authoritative source for demographic information. The City obtains its service area population and dwelling unit data from MWDOC via CDR.

MWDOC contracts with CDR to update the 2010 population estimates through the current year and to provide an annual estimate of population served by each of its retail water suppliers within its service area. CDR uses geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data from the 2000, 2010, and 2020 U.S. Decennial Censuses, State Department of Finance (DOF) population estimates, and the CDR annual population estimates and Housing Inventory System (HIS). These annual estimates incorporate annual revisions to the DOF annual population estimates, often for every year back to the most recent Decennial Census. As a result, all previous estimates are set aside and replaced with the most current set of annual estimates. Annexations and boundary changes for water suppliers are incorporated into these annual estimates.
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Demographic projections used for this UWMP reflect the most recently available set of projections developed by CDR based on its 2022 Orange County Projections. Demographic projections for Orange County are updated every 4 years, with the next set of projections expected in the late fall of 2026. The 2022 Orange County Projections accounted for Draft RHNA rezone siteswith jurisdictions including the number of dwelling units that are most likely to occur/get built by the end of 2050 under assumptions and trends existing at the time of the forecasting effort, including a parcel-level inventory of additional housing capacity from sites that were to be rezoned to accommodate the 6thRHNA cycle. In the summer of 2025, projections by water supplier for population and dwelling units by type were estimated using the 2022 Orange County Projections dataset. Growth for each of the five-year increments was allocated using GIS and a review of the traffic analysis zones (TAZ) data with a 2023 aerial photo. The growth was added to the 2025 estimates for each respective water supplier.

3.5 Land Uses

3.5.1 Current Land Uses
The City’s service area can best be described as a predominantly single and multi-family residential community located along the coast in South Orange County. Based on the zoning designation collected and aggregated by Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) around 2018, the current land use within the City’s service area can be categorized as follows:
 Single family residential: 34.7 percent.
 Multi-family residential: 6.4 percent.
 Commercial: 3.6 percent.
 Industrial: 2.8 percent.
 Institutional/Governmental: 3.7 percent.
 Open space and parks: 42 percent.
 Other: 2.5 percent (e.g., Undevelopable or Protected Land, Water, and Vacant).  No land use designation: 4.3 percent.

Most recently, the Marblehead Coastal development was completed within the City service area. The 248-acre site contains 313 residential units, a 52-acre commercial center and more than 125 acres of open space, including five public parks and more than four miles of public nature trails over the development’s coastal bluff terrain and hills that take residents and visitors down to the ocean.

3.5.2 Projected Land Uses
The City is mostly built out and currently does not have any major developments planned for the future. It should be noted that the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model discussed in Chapter 4 was based on CDR’s 2022 Orange County projections. Beyond 2025, the City will continue planning for its RHNA allocation and permit the construction of ADUs as an affordable means of housing. It is also anticipated that policy changes will make it easier for homeowners to add ADUs to existing residential properties.
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The following requirements and changes in laws will impact the City’s future land use moving forward:
 Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) – State law requires jurisdictions to provide their share of the RHNA allocation. SCAG determines the housing growth needs by income for local jurisdictions through RHNA. The City’s RHNA allocation for 2021-2029 is 982 dwelling units. This includes 282 units for very low-income households, 164 units for low-income households, 188 units for moderate-income households, and 348 units for above moderate-income households. The City’s 6th Cycle 2021-2029 Housing Element provides an 8-year strategy to ensure the availability of adequate residential sites to accommodate these units.
 Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) – ADUs are separate small dwellings embedded within residential properties. There has been an increase in the construction of ADUs in California in response to the increasing need to provide affordable housing supply. Since 2020, several landmark laws were passed by State Legislature, updating ADU law to simplify the construction, rental, and sale of ADUs in California. The most significant laws that have recently come into effect include:
» AB-1033 Accessory dwelling units: local ordinances: separate sale or conveyance which authorizes local governments to adopt ordinances permitting the sale of ADUs separately from the primary residence as condominiums.
» AB-976 Accessory dwelling units: owner-occupancy requirements which prohibits a local agency from requiring owner-occupancy for property owners to build and rent an ADU. » AB-1154 Junior accessory dwelling units which no longer requires owner-occupancy for Junior ADUs (JADUs) as long as they have their own bathroom.
» AB-1332 Accessory dwelling units: preapproved plans which requires local agencies to develop a program for pre-approved ADU plans, with projects using these plans having to be approved or denied within 30 days.
» SB-543 Accessory dwelling units and junior accessory dwelling units which requires local agencies to determine if an ADU/JADU application is complete within 15 business days of submittal, revises ADU size to now be measured by “interior livable space”, and now re-defines a JADU to be no more than 500 square feet of interior livable space.
» SB-1211 Land use: accessory dwelling units: ministerial approval which authorizes multi-family property owners to build up to eight detached ADUs on a single lot, provided that the number of ADUs does not exceed the number of existing primary units. » AB-2533 Accessory dwelling units: junior accessory dwelling units: unpermitted developments which prohibit local agencies from denying permits for unpermitted ADUs/JADUs constructed before January 1, 2020, based on code violations unless the structure is a health or safety hazard.

In 2024, a total of 6,162 new residential units were permitted in Orange County, including those for ADUs (CDR, 2025). CDR projects that by 2050, approximately 13,000 more ADUs will be built in Orange County, with 171 ADUs expected within the City’s service area. The increase in ADUs is likely to result in an increase in number of people per lot of land. Depending on whether the addition of ADUs results in a net replacement of irrigated area (or other high water use features such as swimming pools), ADUs could increase or decrease water demands.
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CHAPTER 4 WATER USE CHARACTERIZATION
One of the main objectives of an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) is to provide an insight into the projected future water demands and supplies. This chapter describes the City of San Clemente’s (City) current and future water demands for their service area, factors that influence demands, and the methodology used to forecast future water demands over the next 25 years. For this 2025 UWMP, water demand projections will span from planning year 2025 through planning year 2050.

Known for its suburban coastal communities and densely populated inland areas, Orange County has evolved greatly from its beginnings as an agricultural region. As some of the earliest cities in Orange County, from 1928 to 1931 the Cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana all joined with 10 other southern California cities to form the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET) with the ambitious dream to bring Colorado River water across the Mojave Desert. The Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC) later joined MET as a member agency in 1951, and with the merger with Coastal Municipal Water District in 2001, now represents the remainder of Orange County to provide and manage the imported water supplies within its service area. Orange County is now mostly comprised of residential, mixed-use, and commercial developments, with less industry in the region. Agriculture in the region has also declined significantly as Orange County has grown more suburban. Thus, modern-day water use within Orange County can be largely summarized by the following four demand sectors:
 Single-family Residential.
 Multifamily Residential.
 Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional (CII).
 Dedicated Irrigation (potable, recycled and raw water).

Figure 4.1 Historical Water Use and Population in Orange County 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Figure 4.1 shows Orange County’s overall historical water usage compared to population since 1990, when local water conservation programs were first established. As shown, from the early 1990s through the mid-2000s, Orange County’s water usage increased as the population increased. Population figures slowed significantly in 2018 and began to decrease during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020-2021. Since 2007, retail, municipal, and industrial water use in Orange County has declined due to multiple contributing factors. Decades of sustained investments in water-use efficiency and public education have led to significant adoption of water-efficient appliances and fixtures, and increased public awareness of the need to use water wisely. Furthermore, in response to recurring droughts, growing urban demand, and increasingly limited water supplies, multiple regulatory requirements to promote water conservation have evolved and been implemented over the past several years throughout California and Orange County.

Orange County’s trending decline in water usage can most notably be attributed to Orange County water agencies’ past efforts to achieve regional and individual compliance with Senate Bill (SB) X7-7, the Water Conservation Act of 2009, through the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance and compliance with Executive Order (EO) B-29-15. EO B-29-15 mandated 25 percent reduction in potable water use in response to the 2013-2014 drought. Furthermore, Orange County water agencies’ ongoing progress towards achieving SB 606 and Assembly Bill (AB) 1668, the “Making Conservation a California Way of Life” legislation, water use objectives continue to exemplify Orange County water agencies’ commitment to water conservation, water use efficiency, and overall reduction in potable water usage in recent decades.

In 2025, MWDOC and Orange County Water District (OCWD), in collaboration with MWDOC’s member agencies and the Cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana, led the effort to develop the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model. The Orange County Water Demand Projection Model (MWDOC, 2025) was used to project long-term water demand under three hydrologic conditions (normal year, single dry year, and five consecutive dry years) over a 25-year horizon in 5-year increments, consistent with the 2025 UWMP requirements.

Figure 4.2 Projected Water Use Across All Orange County Water Agencies 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Although Orange County demands are forecast to be relatively flat into the future, with water use efficiency efforts counterbalancing new growth, Figure 4.2 shows that annual variations in weather could cause high fluctuations. Some examples of this are described below:
 Single-family consumption is highly seasonal, and the model correlates well with seasonality and temperature by capturing fluctuations in single-family outdoor irrigation.  Multi-family use is generally less responsive to weather than single-family demands, as much of multifamily outdoor irrigation has been shifted into the irrigation-specific water use sector (dedicated irrigation meters), and generally newer multi-family dwellings in Orange County have comparatively less landscaped area than generally older single-family dwellings due to Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinances (MWELO) mandated since 1993. Seasonal price elasticity varies the least between months for the multi-family sector.
 Commercial, Industrial and Institutional use is positively correlated to each job proportion as well as gross domestic product throughout Orange County, which means a higher amount of CII jobs and production value trend in an increase in water demands.  Irrigation is the most responsive to temperature and precipitation compared to the other sectors.

In terms of future development, south Orange County has a greater potential for development compared to north Orange County, with vacant areas gradually transitioning to residential and commercial mixeduse areas. As for the City’s service area specifically, future developments include housing to meet the City’s Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) allocation and Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs), which will all shape the City’s future water use.

Historical water use in the City has followed the trends in Orange County. Water use within the City’s service area has fluctuated in the past five years, with an annual average total water use of approximately 8,072 Acre-Feet (AF). Following one of the worst droughts in California history between 2017 and 2022, the significant wet year in 2023 saw the lowest use of groundwater (due to well discharge modifications) and a decrease in overall water use from Fiscal Year (FY) 2021-22 to FY 2022-23 in the City’s entire service area.

Water use in FY 2024-25 included 7,200 AF of potable water and 765 AF of non-potable water for landscape irrigation. The City’s water use is primarily residential. The projected water use in 2050 is 6,812 AF for potable water and 1,100 AF for non-potable water.

4.1 Water Use in the last Five Years
The five-year average water use within the City’s service area is approximately 8,072 AFY provided by potable and non-potable sources. Demand trends have remained flat due to water-use efficiency efforts and increased precipitation in recent wet years, such as FY 2023. As mentioned in Chapter 3, despite parts of southern Orange County still growing, population projections are expected to slightly decrease for the City. Accordingly, total demands have generally decreased due to ongoing water conservation programs and improved water use efficiency efforts.
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Figure 4.3 City of San Clemente Historical Water Use
As shown in Figure 4.3, FY 2020-21 through FY 2021-22 saw the highest water uses over the last five years due to region-wide drought conditions. FY 2022-23 proved to be one of the wettest years on record in the State and the City saw a general decrease in water demand following this wet year, as precipitation offsets landscape irrigation demands. These year-to-year fluctuations in precipitation will continue to influence the City’s annual demands. In general, the City saw a decrease in demands of 11.9 percent over the 5-year reporting period.

Table 4.1 presents the City’s service area existing water use by source for direct uses. There are no indirect uses within the City’s service area. As shown, the City’s service area total water usage in FY 2024-25 was 7,965 AF. The total usage was met through a combination of potable and non-potable sources, including imported water (treated and untreated) and recycled water. In FY 2024-25, the total potable demand was 7,200 AF, while 765 AF or nearly 10 percent of the total demand was served with non-potable supplies for landscape irrigation.
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Table 4.1 Submittal Table 4-1 Retail: Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water – Actual Submittal Table 4-1 Retail: Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water – Actual Water Code Section 10631(d)(1)
Use Type
Additional Description
(as needed)
2025 Actual Water Use
Drop down list
May select each use multiple times
These are the only use types that
will be recognized by the WUE data
online submittal tool
Potable or NonPotable
(OPTIONAL)
Drop down list Volume (AF)
Single Family Potable 3,759
Multi-Family Potable 1,157
Commercial Incl. Industrial and
Institutional/Government
Potable 697
Landscape Potable 1,081
Landscape Non-Potable 765
Distribution System Water Loss Potable 506
Subtotal Potable 7,200
Subtotal Non-Potable 765
Total 7,965
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES:

The City is currently in the process of internally auditing its water loss data as a whole and is implementing new leak registry requirements. This will provide more insight into how the overall supply/demand data ties back into the annual water loss audits.

4.1.1 Potable Municipal & Industrial Use
Table 4.1 summarizes the City’s potable water demand for FY2024-25. As shown, a total of 7,200 AF of potable water was used. The City has a mix of single and multi- family residential water use which account for 68.3 percent of their total potable water demand. CII use accounts for a combined 9.7 percent of total potable demand while landscape irrigation accounts for 15 percent of total potable demand. The total distribution system water loss to match supply and demand was calculated to be 506 AFY in FY 2024-25, or 7 percent of total potable water demand. The City is currently in the process of internally auditing its water loss data as a whole and is implementing new leak registry requirements. This will provide more insight into how the overall supply/demand data ties back into the annual water loss audits.

Since the City is essentially built out, has declining population projections, and has continual water conservation efforts, potable water demands are expected to decrease in the long term.

4.1.2 Non-Potable Municipal & Industrial Use
Table 4.1 summaries the City’s non-potable, or outdoor irrigation, water demand for FY 2024-25; a total of 765 AF was used. Landscape irrigation use accounts for all the City’s non-potable water use. With limited 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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expansion of the City’s recycled water system, non-potable water demands are expected to slightly increase in the future.

4.2 Projected Water Use
The water use projection for this UWMP is separated into a near-term period covering the next five years (2026-2030) and a long-term period extending from 2030 through 2050.

The water use projection is based on the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum (TM), which is included in Appendix H of this UWMP. The methodology used in this demand forecast links water use statistically to a set of explanatory variables through a regression, or econometric, model. Section 4.3 offers a description of the methodology used to calculate the City’s demand projections

4.2.1 Water Use Projections for 2026-2030
Total demands (direct) are met through imported water (treated and untreated), groundwater, and recycled water. The City utilizes the projected total demands to incorporate the best available planning information when projecting the imported water demands of its service area. The City’s total water demand projection for the next five years is shown in Table 4.2. As shown, after an increase in demand from 2025 to 2026, the City’s total service area water demands are expected to gradually decrease over the next five years (2026 to 2030) due to a projected decline in the service area’s M&I demands.

Table 4.2 City of San Clemente’s Service Area Total Potable and Non-Potable Demand for 2026-2030 Fiscal Year Ending 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Total Water Demand (AF) 8,082 8,044 8,020 7,968 7,942
Notes:

AF – acre-feet

4.2.2 Water Use Projections for 2030-2050
The City’s service area’s total water demands (by use type) for 2030-2050 are shown in Table 4.3. By 2050, total water demand is projected to be 7,912 AF, a 0.7 percent decrease from the 2025 demand of 7,965 AFY. Table 4.4 indicates additional information for both future conservation efforts and low-income water demands included in the projections, while Table 4.5 presents the passive water savings included in Table 4.3 projections for 2030-2050.
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Table 4.3 Submittal Table 4-2 Retail: Total Uses of Potable, and Non-Potable Water - Projected Submittal Table 4-2 Retail: Total Uses of Potable, and Non-PotableWater - Projected Water Code Section 10631(d)(1)
Use Type
Additional Description
(as needed)
Projected Water Use
(Report To the Extent that Records are Available)
Drop down list
May select each use multiple times
These are the only Use Types that
will be recognized by the WUE
data online submittal tool
Potable or
Non-Potable
(OPTIONAL)
Drop down list
2030
(AF)
2035
(AF)
2040
(AF)
2045
(AF)
2050
(opt)
(AF)
Single Family Potable 3,636 3,623 3,621 3,598 3,577
Multi-Family Potable 1,094 1,099 1,109 1,109 1,107
Commercial Includes Institutional
and Industrial uses
Potable 682 691 700 699 699
Landscape Includes Agriculture use Potable 1,137 1,137 1,139 1,137 1,137 Landscape Includes Agriculture use Non-Potable 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 Distribution System Water
Loss
Includes Other uses Potable 293 293 294 293 292
Subtotal Potable 6,842 6,844 6,863 6,836 6,812
Subtotal Non-Potable 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100
Total 7,942 7,944 7,963 7,936 7,912
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES: Source – 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Forecast for the City of San Clemente.

Table 4.4 Submittal Table 4-3 Retail: Inclusion in Water Use Projections Submittal Table 4-3 Retail: Inclusion in Water Use Projections Water Code Section 10631 (a), 10631 (d)(4)(A), and 10631 (d)(4)(B) Are Future Water Savings Included in Projections?
Drop down list (y/n) Yes
If "Yes" to above, state the section or page number, in the cell to the right, where citations of the codes, ordinances, or otherwise are utilized in demand projections are found.

Optional Suppliers may complete Optional Submittal Table 4-4 R to quantify the expected savings.

Chapter 4.3
Are Lower Income Residential Demands Included In Projections? Drop down list (y/n) Yes
Optional If the method for accounting Lower Income Residential Demands has been included, provide page number where this accounting can be found. Chapter 4.3 DWR NOTES: Additional guidance is provided in Appendix K.

NOTES: Future water savings include passive conservation (defined as water savings that occur without incentives).

Active conservation (defined as water savings that occur with incentives) is not included in the projections.

The demand projection methodology accounted for the entire population of the service area (i.e., all income levels). 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Table 4.5 Optional Submittal Table 4-4 Retail: Passive Water Savings Projections OPTIONAL Submittal Table 4-4 Retail: Passive Water Savings Projections Water Code Section 10631(d)(4)(A)
Description
(Codes, Standards, Ordinances, or Plans)
Passive savings
2030
(AF)
2035
(AF)
2040
(AF)
2045
(AF)
2050 (opt)
(AF)
Add additional rows as needed
Passive Water Savings 389 391 393 392 390
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES: Passive conservation here is defined as water savings that occur without incentives. Based on the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model, passive conservation is assumed to equal a 1.9 percent decrease in residential demand due to conservation by 2030 (linearly extrapolated), then remains constant in subsequent years.

4.2.2.1 Direct Municipal and Industrial Use
Potable Municipal and Industrial Use
As shown in Table 4.3, the total potable water demands are projected to be 6,812 AF by the year 2050, a decrease of about 0.4 percent between 2030 and 2050. It is projected that combined single- and multi-family residential water use will account for 68.8 percent of total potable water demand, CII water use is expected to account for 10.3 percent, and landscape irrigation water use will account for

16.7 percent of total potable water use in the City by 2050. Distribution system water loss and other uses combined are expected to account for 4.3 percent of total potable water use.

Non-Potable Municipal and Industrial Use
As shown in Table 4.3, the total non-potable water demands for outdoor irrigation use are projected to remain constant between 2030 and 2050, with non-potable demands projected to be 1,100 AF in 2050. It is projected that outdoor irrigation will account for 100 percent of total non-potable water use in the City by 2050.

4.3 Water Demand Projection Methodology
In 2025, MWDOC and OCWD, in collaboration with MWDOC’s member agencies and the Cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana, led the effort to develop the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model, (MWDOC, 2025). This effort developed a demand model by regressing historical water consumption data provided by each Orange County water agency against several explanatory variables known to influence water demand (including weather, water price, regional economic conditions, and housing density). The water demand projections were for the Orange County region as a whole and provided retail agency specific demands, spanning the years of 2025-2050. The full TM can be found in Appendix H.

The demand projections created four econometric, or regression, demand models representing the following four water billing sectors for each Orange County retail agency:
 Single-family Residential.
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 Multifamily Residential.
 Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional (CII).
 Dedicated Irrigation (potable, recycled, and raw water).

Prior to developing the forecasts, model calibration and fine tuning for each of the four demand sectors occurred at the individual retail agency level. The demand across all four models, plus other uses for each agency, is summed to a total forecast for each agency, the MWDOC service area, the OCWD service area, and total Orange County.

The demand projection methodology accounted for the entire population of each individual retail agency’s service area (i.e., all income levels), thus accounting for the water demand projections for lower income households within the City’s service area.

4.3.1 Econometric Approach, Data Acquisition, and Model Development A regression, or econometric, approach to demand forecasting statistically links retail level water use to weather, economic, and socioeconomic factors (explanatory variables). The model relies on a comprehensive dataset of historical water-use data for almost 40 different billing sectors collected from Orange County retail agencies. MWDOC obtained explanatory variables from reputable sources, including weather databases and Census-based reports. The explanatory variables used in the regression were based on industry experience regarding what factors affect water use nationwide and in Southern California.

By statistically linking water use to explanatory variables, the econometric models provide a robust foundation for understanding variability and projecting future consumption patterns. Modeled water use is the product of the driver count (e.g., number of accounts), and the rate of water use per driver:

𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 = 𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 × 𝑅𝑅 𝑜𝑜 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 𝑝𝑝 𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 Each of the four demand sectors modeled (single family, multifamily, CII, and irrigation) has a separate equation. Driver units change into the future based on housing, employment, and population projections.

The rate of water use per driver is based on the historical response of the use rate to explanatory variables (measured by coefficients) and the future values of those same explanatory variables.

Linear regression produces the coefficients for each explanatory variable to closely reproduce the historical rate of use per driver unit. The coefficients explain how (both in terms of magnitude and sign) water use responds to changes to explanatory variables.

MWDOC identified driver units based on data provided by agencies and the Center for Demographic Research at Cal State Fullerton (CDR) that can be easily projected into the future. The rate of water use per driver is based on agency provided billing sector uses from 2010 through 2024. Table 4.6 shows the driver units and rate of use for each of the four models.
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Table 4.6 Summary of Demand Sectors
Sector Driver Units Rate of Use Definition
Single-family Residential Accounts Gallons/account/day
Multifamily Residential Gallons/account/day
Commercial, Institutional, Industrial (CII) Jobs Gallons/job/day Dedicated Irrigation (potable, recycled and raw water) Accounts Gallons/account/day The rates of water use for each sector model are based on the historical responses to explanatory variables, and the future values of those explanatory variables. Addressing multiple influences on demand improves the accuracy and precision of all estimated parameters, and the modeling team identified a large range of explanatory variables based on past experience with demand modeling and available data.

Table 4.7 displays the explanatory variables.

Table 4.7 Summary of Historical Data Collected for Model Development Dataset Data Source(s)
Observed weather (monthly precipitation,
monthly maximum temperature)
Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) Water Price Retail agency provided (2010 – 2024)
Drought Restrictions State Water Resources Control Board Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Real Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Orange County, CA
Median Income US Census American Community Survey (ACS) Housing Density US Census American Community Survey (ACS), California State University Fullerton Center for Demographics Research (CDR), Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) land use data Persons Per Household Relative Sectoral Economic Activity US Census LODES, CDR Passive Efficiency Estimates Analysis of trend indicators and MWDOC/FLUME insight COVID Binary Indicator Assumed active from March 2020 – May 2023 The MWDOC Water Use Efficiency Group provided annual water savings achieved by various active conservation measures. To avoid potential errors in the classification of historical conservation data, total historical conservation was modeled in each sectoral regression model using a linear trend to capture steady change over time. While historical conservation is captured in a linear trend, projected passive conservation is based on the best available data from 2021 Orange County Residential Water Efficiency Potential and Opportunities Study and assumes a 1.9 percent decrease in annual residential demand from 2025 to 2030, at which point passive conservation is projected to remain constant. Future active conservation is not accounted for in baseline demand forecast, as water savings from active programs (programs that require customers to change behavior) are highly specific to retail agencies and to the formulation and timing of their implementation.

The process of identifying the explanatory variables to include in the regression equation and developing coefficients that accurately measure the response of water use to changes in these variables is the most time-intensive part of the demand forecasting process.

Prior to developing the forecasts, model calibration and fine tuning for each of the four demand sectors occurred at the individual retail agency level. The modeling team worked with each retail agency to 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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calibrate sectoral model equations and quantify other uses (those not included in the single-family, multifamily, irrigation, or CII demand sectors).

Figure 4.4 presents the iterative process undergone to develop the econometric demand forecasts.

Figure 4.4 Econometric Demand Forecast Development Process

4.3.2 Forecasted Demands
Forecasted demand is a function of both the change in driver units into the future as well as the change in explanatory variables. Table 4.8 summarizes the future drivers and variables and assumptions for the baseline forecast. It should be noted that the CDR demographic forecast accounts for both the RHNA allocations and projected increase in Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs). The 2022 Orange County Projections accounted for Draft RHNA rezone sites1 with jurisdictions including the number of dwelling units that are most likely to occur/get built by the end of 2050 under assumptions and trends existing at the time of the forecasting effort.
1 For the 2022 Orange County Projections, CDR collected initial draft input from local jurisdictions in September 2021 on their anticipated jurisdiction-level housing growth for each projection year. In December 2021-February 2022, CDR reviewed and extracted data from jurisdictions’ draft housing elements to create a parcel-level inventory of additional housing capacity from sites that were to be rezoned to accommodate the 6th RHNA cycle. These were reviewed by jurisdictions in spring 2022.

Jurisdictions completed the rezoning of the final sites after their housing elements were certified by the State Housing and Community Development Department starting in 2022. The final adopted rezone sites will feed into CDR’s 2026 Orange County Projections.
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Table 4.8 Future Model Parameters
Data Category Variable Source Assumptions
Driver Units Single-family and
multifamily accounts
CDR Historical households per account; averages are
multiplied by households projected by CDR
Irrigation accounts Agency Billing Data Accounts are assumed to be constant into the future Sectoral Employment CDR Proportion of jobs within CII sectors projected by CDR
Explanatory
Variables
Monthly Maximum
Temperature and Total
Precipitation
PRISM 30-year historical normal weather
Water Price Retail Agencies Prices increase by 3% per year above inflation for 2025-2030 and keeps pace with inflation thereafter
(zero difference from inflation trend)
Water Use Restrictions State and Local
Restrictions
None
Seasonality Sine/cosine functions to capture monthly pattern Median Income US Census Constant income at 2022 value (real dollars) Housing Density CDR Derived from CDR housing unit projections, assuming residential area remains at 2024 levels
Persons Per Household CDR CDR projected demographics
Gross Domestic Product Federal Reserve Long-term GDP trend Relative Sectoral
Employment
CDR Calculated based on CDR projections
Passive Efficiency
Estimates
Flume Insight Assumes a 2% decrease in residential demand due to conservation by 2030 (linearly extrapolated), then
no change
COVID Binary Indicator None (occurred between March 2020 and May 2023) The normal year scenario was provided by the baseline forecast. In this model, the single dry year scenario used a hot-dry index (HDI) to identify the year with the most weather-sensitive demand, with 2014 selected for most agencies. The multiple dry year was developed to describe the potential impact of consecutive dry years.

The forecasts for individual agencies, including the City’s, was then summed to the regional level, providing regionally consistent forecasts for all of Orange County.

4.4 Water Loss
The City has conducted annual water loss audits since 2015 per the AWWA (American Water Works Association) methodology per SB 555 to understand the relationship between water loss, operating costs and revenue losses. Non-revenue water for FY 2020-2024 consists of three components: real losses (e.g., leakage in mains and service lines, and storage tank overflows), apparent losses (unauthorized consumption, customer metering inaccuracies and systematic data handling errors), and unbilled water (e.g. hydrant flushing, firefighting, and blow-off water from well start-ups). Table 4.9 summarizes the status of the last five years of water loss audit reporting for the water system. Reports can be found online 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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at WUEdata - Water Audit Plans. Understanding and controlling water loss from a distribution system is an effective way for the City to achieve regulatory standards and manage their existing resources.

Table 4.9 Submittal Table 4-5 Retail: Water Loss Audit Reporting Submittal Table 4-5 Retail: Water Loss Audit Reporting
Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(A)
Public Water System ID # Reported
in Table 2-1 R Reporting Period Submitted to DWR Water Loss Audit Program (yes/no) Report submittal status for all five years for each Public Water System as available.

Add rows as needed
CA3010017
2020 Yes
2021 Yes
2022 Yes
2023 Yes
2024 Yes
DWR NOTES: Suppliers will provide a link to the WUE data submittals of their Water Loss Audit Reports.

NOTES: Water Loss Audits reported in Calendar Years (CY).

Signed in 2018 and adopted in 2024, the “Making Conservation a California Way of Life” legislation (SB 606 and Assembly Bill 1668) establishes a new framework for long-term improvements in urban water use efficiency and drought planning as California adapts to climate change impacts. Under the regulation, Suppliers must annually calculate Urban Water Use Objectives based on standards applied at the servicearea scale, including the Water Loss Performance Standard developed by the State Water Resources Control Board to minimize water waste through system leaks. The Water Loss Performance Standard requires that Suppliers must meet the real water loss standard and apparent water loss standard by 2028.

Table 4.10 presents the City’s progress towards compliance with the 2028 Water Loss Standard, as of the time of writing this UWMP. The most recent American Water Works Association (AWWA) Water Loss Audit for FY 2025 was utilized for the calculations presented. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Table 4.10 Submittal Table 4-6 Retail: Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard Submittal Table 4-6 Retail: Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(C)
Public Water
System ID #
Reported in
Submittal
Table 2-1 R
Did the Water
Board Calculate
a Water Loss
Standard for this
Public Water
System?
(y/n)
If no, Supplier
will not complete
this row.

Real Water Loss Apparent Water Loss
State Water Board
Standard
Most Recent AWWA
Water Loss Audit
Real
Water
Loss Per
Unit per
Day
State Water Board
Standard
Most Recent AWWA
Water Loss Audit
Apparent
Water
Loss Per
Unit per
Day
2028 Real
Water Loss
Standard
per Unit
per day
Units for
Real
Water
Loss
Drop
down list
Number of
Units
(Connections
or Miles
corresponding
with units
selected)
Volume of
Total
Real Loss
(from
AWWA
Water
Loss
Audit)
2028
Apparent
Water Loss
Standard
per Unit per
Day
Units for
Apparent
Water Loss
Number of
Connections
Volume of
Total
Apparent
Loss
(from
AWWA
Water Loss
Audit)
(AF) (AF)
Add additional rows as needed.

CA3010036 Yes 19.7
Gallons
per
Service
Connectio
n per Day
(GPSCD)
17,967 128.74 6.4 3.4
Gallons per
Service
Connection
per Day
(GPSCD)
17,967 63.00 3.1
Water Board's Calculated Water Loss Standards
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) for Water Loss MUST remain consistent with units reported in Submittal Table 2-3. The units reported in Submittal Table 2-3 are used in this table's calculations.

NOTES: Uses the Water Board’s calculated water loss standards updated as of 01/30/2026 and AWWA Water Loss Audit for CY 2024. Connection count may differ from what is reported in Table 2-1 R for FY 2025.
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CHAPTER 5 CONSERVATION TARGET COMPLIANCE
The Water Conservation Act of 2009, also known as Senate Bill (SB) X7-7, mandated a 20% reduction in urban per-capita water use across California by 2020. To achieve this goal, the Act required each retail water supplier to establish an urban water-use target, contributing to the State’s collective efforts. The Legislature stated that the combined reductions from all retail suppliers would fulfill the statewide legislative mandate.

The goal of this chapter is to allow the retail water supplier to report on their progress toward meeting their urban water-use targets in their UWMP, pursuant to Water Code Section 10608.40. Suppliers that did not meet their 2020 target in 2020 are required to compare their 2025 water use to the 2020 target.

Retail water suppliers are required to comply with SB X7-7 individually or as a region in collaboration with other retail water suppliers or demonstrate they have a plan or have secured funding to be in compliance, in order to be eligible for water related state grants and loans.

When determining water use in an UWMP, two terms are often used interchangeably:
 Daily Per-Capita Water Use. The amount of water used per person per day. In the UWMP calculations, this is total water use within a service area, divided by population, and it is measured in gallons.
 Gallons Per-Capita Per Day (GPCD). This is the “daily per-capita water use” measured in gallons.

Therefore, the term commonly used when referring to “daily per-capita water use” is “gallons percapita per day” or GPCD1.

5.1 Reporting Requirements
MWDOC’s Water Use Efficiency (WUE) programs helped Orange County meet the state’s 20x2020 mandate by coordinating conservation efforts across its member agencies, funding and implementing regionally cost-effective efficiency programs, and enabling compliance through the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance. By aligning its WUE portfolio directly with SB X7-7 requirements, supporting high-impact measures (especially outdoor water savings), documenting eligible indirect potable reuse credits, and centrally handling regional target calculations and reporting, MWDOC allowed participating retailers to comply collectively rather than individually resulting in regional per-capita water use well below the required 2020 target.
1 It is important to distinguish GPCD (as used in UWMPs) from the Residential Gallons Per Capita Per Day (R-GPCD) that is used in some reporting to the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).

GPCD is the total water use from all sectors within a service area (residential, commercial, institutional, and any others) minus allowable exclusions (as defined in SB X7-7), then divided by the population. This is used in UWMPs. R-GPCD is only a part of the GPCD; it is the estimated residential water use in a service area divided by population.
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As a result of MWDOC’s WUE program, all Orange County water retailers, including all MWDOC’s member agencies and the participating cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana, achieved compliance prior to 2020. The following table with information taken from the 2020 UWMP verifies that City of San Clemente met their SB X7-7 requirement. A discussion of programs implemented to support the achievement of the agency’s per capita water reduction goals is covered in Section 9 – Demand Management Measures of this UWMP.

Table 5.1 Submittal Table 5-1 Retail: SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress Actual 2025 GPCD
(From SB X7-7
Compliance Form)
Did Supplier meet
the 2020 Target in
2025?
No Individual Target 153 124 Yes NA
Submittal Table 5-1 Retail: SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress Water Code Section 10608.40
NOTES: Supplier met the 2020 target, actual 2025 GPCD not required.

Did Supplier
Achieve Targeted
Reduction for
2020?
2020 Target Actual 2020 GPCD
Regional Alliance
Target or
Individual
Target?
Drop down list
DWR NOTES:

Suppliers calculating a 2025 GPCD will need to complete and submit SB X 7-7 Compliance Tables to verify the use of SB X7-7 Methodologies.

Suppliers that were part of a merger or consolidation since 2020 see Chapter 5 and Appendix P for guidance.

NA=Not Applicable
Check the box if the Supplier was not an Urban Water Supplier during or before the 2020 UWMP reporting cycle.

Proceed to the next table.

Only for suppliers that did not meet the
Target in 2020
See DWR NOTES below.

Was Supplier part of
a merger or
consolidation since
2020?
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CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY CHARACTERIZATION
South Orange County agencies have a water supply portfolio made up from a variety of local and imported sources. Imported water that is provided by the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC) to Orange County retail water providers is purchased from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), the wholesale water provider to 26 member agencies in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura Counties. MET's imported water sources are delivered through its own Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA) and the California Aqueduct, under contract with the State Water Project (SWP). To enhance its reliability of its imported water, MET has implemented many programs such as canal lining and transfers of agricultural water, land fallowing programs with irrigation districts, water banking programs, and use of its storage reservoirs.

Based on the water supply assessment described in this chapter and in Chapter 7, the Orange County region will continue to receive a reliable water supply through the next 25 years. Specifically, this chapter includes: (1) descriptions of each water supply source and their management; (2) quantification of water supply sources through 2050 under normal, dry, and multi-dry weather conditions; (3) opportunities for exchanges and transfers; and (4) discussion regarding any planned or potential future water supply projects. This chapter also includes the energy intensity of the water service.

6.1 Water Supply Overview
The City meets all of its demands with a combination of imported water, local groundwater, and local recycled water to meet its water needs. The City works together with three primary agencies, MET, MWDOC, and the Joint Regional Water Supply System (JRWSS) to deliver a safe and reliable water supply that will continue to serve the community in periods of average, dry and drought hydrologic conditions. In FY 2024-25, the City's main source of water supply was imported water from MWDOC (at 90 percent), which is treated by both MET and the Baker Water Treated Plant (WTP), and non-potable recycled water (at 10 percent). The Baker WTP is a jointly operated facility for several water agencies in South Orange County. The city's current water supplies are shown in Table 6.1. It should be noted that the City has two groundwater wells currently undergoing equipment upgrades, so current water use does not include groundwater, but the wells are projected to be operational in FY 2028.

In 2025, MWDOC developed a water demand forecast model for its participating water agencies that statistically correlates municipal and industrial (M&I) water use with demographic, socioeconomic, conservation and weather variables—as reported in the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum (TM) (MWDOC, 2025). Because the model isolates weather, future water demand projects can be estimated under single and multiple-year droughts and under future climate change scenarios.

It is projected that by 2050, the City's water portfolio will change to approximately 6 percent groundwater, 14 percent recycled water, and 80 percent imported water (Table 6.2 and Figure 6.1). It should be noted that these representations of supply match the projected demand. However, the City can purchase more MET imported water through MWDOC, should the need arise. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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The following subsections provide a detailed discussion of the City's water sources as well as the future water supply portfolio for the next 25 years.

Table 6.1 Submittal Table 6-8 Retail: Water Supplies – 2025 Actual Submittal Table 6-8 Retail: Water Supplies — 2025 Actual Water Code Section 10631(b)
Water Supply
Additional Description
2025
Water Type
(after treatment if treated)
Actual Volume
(AF)
Purchased or Imported
Water MWDOC (Treated) Potable 6,157
Purchased or Imported
Water
MWDOC (Untreated),
Treated at Baker WTP Potable 1,044
Recycled Water City of San Clemente Water
Reclamation Plant Non-Potable 765
Subtotal Potable 7,201
Subtotal Non-Potable 765
Total 7,966
NOTES: Source - MWDOC, 2025. Imported water from MWDOC includes both treated and untreated water.

Figure 6.1 City's Projected Water Supply
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Table 6.2 Submittal Table 6-9 Retail: Water Supplies – Projected Submittal Table 6-9 Retail: Water Supplies — Projected
Water Code Section 10631 (b)
Water Supply Additional Detail on Water
Supply
Projected Water Supply (Report to the Extent Practicable) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (opt)
Reasonably
Available Volume
Reasonably Available
Volume
Reasonably
Available Volume
Reasonably
Available Volume
Reasonably
Available Volume
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Purchased or
Imported Water MWDOC 6,342 6,344 6,363 6,336 6,312
Groundwater San Mateo Groundwater
Basin 500 500 500 500 500
Recycled Water City of San Clemente Water
Reclamation Plant 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100
Total 7,942 7,944 7,963 7,936 7,912
NOTES: Source – MWDOC, 2025. Imported water from MWDOC includes both treated and untreated water. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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6.2 Imported Water
The City supplements its water supply with imported water purchased from MET through MWDOC. In FY 2024-25, the City relied on 6,157 Acre-Feet (AF) of treated imported water and 1,044 AF of untreated imported water – together approximately 90 percent of the City's water supply portfolio for FY 2024-25 – from MET/MWDOC to meet its demands.

MET's two principal sources of water are the Colorado River and the SWP. MET receives water from the Colorado River through the CRA and from the SWP through the California Aqueduct. For Orange County, the water obtained from these sources is treated at the Robert B. Diemer Filtration Plant located in the City of Yorba Linda. Typically, the Diemer Filtration Plant receives a blend of Colorado River water from Lake Mathews through the MET Lower Feeder and SWP water through the Yorba Linda Feeder. The water is then delivered to the City via two systems: 1) the East Orange County Feeder (EOCF) No. 2/Joint Regional Water Supply System Transmission Main/Local Transmission Main (LTM) and 2) the Allen McColloch Pipeline (AMP)/South County Pump Station/South County Pipeline/Water Importation Pipeline (WIP).

The JRWSS Joint Transmission Main (JTM), a pipeline initially constructed in 1961, spans approximately 38 miles to convey potable water from MET's Diemer Filtration Plant in the City of Yorba Linda to water agencies serving communities from Irvine to San Clemente, including the California State Parks, San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, and United States Marine Corps (USMC) Camp Pendleton in northern San Diego County. The JRWSS system also includes two water storage facilities in San Clemente: the Palisades Dam/Roy A. Bradt Reservoir and the F.M. Schlegel Reservoir. Collectively, these facilities comprise the JRWSS.

6.2.1 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California MET is the largest water wholesaler in California, serving approximately 19 million customers in a 5,200 square mile service area. MET wholesales imported water supplies to 26 member agencies located in the six southern California counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura.

MET is governed by a Board of Directors comprised of 38 appointed individuals with a minimum of one representative from each of MET's 26 member agencies. The allocation of directors and voting rights is determined by each agency's assessed valuation. Each member of the Board is entitled to cast one vote for each ten million dollars of assessed valuation of property taxable for district purposes, in accordance with Section 55 of the Metropolitan Water District Act. Directors may be appointed by the chief executive officer of the member agency or by a majority vote of the agency's governing board. Directors are not compensated by MET for their service (The Metropolitan Water District Act, 1969).

MET is responsible for importing water into the region through its operation of the CRA, which brings Colorado River supply to its service area, and its SWP contract, which brings water from northern California via the California Aqueduct. MET supplements its direct deliveries of imported supplies with its storage reservoirs, water transfers, agricultural irrigation water conservation, and water banking programs.

Major imported water aqueducts bringing water to Southern California are shown in Figure 6.2. It should be noted that the Los Angeles Aqueduct is owned and operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power and is not part of MET's imported water supplies. Member agencies receive water from MET 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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through various delivery points and pay for service through a rate structure comprising volumetric rates, capacity charges, and readiness-to-serve charges. Member agencies provide MET with estimates of imported water demand in April each year, indicating the amount of water they anticipate they will need to meet their demands over the next five years.

In Orange County, MWDOC and the cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana are MET member agencies that purchase imported water directly from MET. MWDOC purchases both treated potable and untreated water from MET to supplement its retail agencies' local water supplies and for groundwater replenishment. Figure 6.3 illustrates the MET feeders and major transmission pipelines that deliver water within Orange County.
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Figure 6.2 Major Aqueducts that Supply Imported Water to Southern California (MET, 2025) 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Figure 6.3 MET Feeders and Transmission Mains that Serve Orange County 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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6.2.2 Colorado River Aqueduct

6.2.2.1 Background
The Colorado River was MET's original source of water after MET's establishment in 1928. The original founding members created MET with the goal to build the Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA) to bring water to Southern California. The CRA, which is owned and operated by MET, transports water from the Colorado River to its terminus Lake Mathews, in Riverside County. The actual amount of water per year that may be conveyed through the CRA to MET's member agencies is subject to the availability of Colorado River water. Approximately 40 million people rely on the Colorado River and its tributaries for potable water with 5.5 million acres of land using Colorado River water for irrigation. The CRA includes supplies from the implementation of the Quantification Settlement Agreement (QSA) and its related agreements to transfer water from agricultural agencies to urban uses. The 2003 QSA enabled California to implement major Colorado River water conservation and transfer programs to stabilize water supplies and reduce the state's demand on the river to its 4.4 million acre-feet (MAF) entitlement. Colorado River transactions are potentially available to supply additional water up to the CRA capacity of 1.25 MAF on an as-needed basis. Water from the Colorado River or its tributaries is available to users in California, Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming, and Mexico. California is apportioned the use of 4.4 MAF of water from the Colorado River each year plus one-half of any surplus that may be available for use collectively in Arizona, California, and Nevada. In addition, California has historically been allowed to use Colorado River water apportioned to, but not used by, Arizona or Nevada. MET has fourth-priority rights, with a basic entitlement of 550,000 AFY of Colorado River water, plus surplus water up to an additional 662,000 AFY when the following conditions exist (MET, 2025):
 Water is unused by the California holders of priorities 1 through 3.  Water is saved by the Palo Verde land management, crop rotation, and water supply program.  When the U.S. Secretary of the Interior makes available either one or both of the following:
» Surplus water.
» Colorado River water that is apportioned to but unused by Arizona and/or Nevada.

6.2.2.2 Current Conditions and Supply
The Colorado River supply faces current and future imbalances between water supply and demand in the Colorado River Basin due to reductions in snowpack, long-term drought conditions, and climate change.

The last 25-year period has been called a megadrought, with Lake Mead's elevation dropping from a high of 1,215 feet in 2000 to its lowest level of 1,040 feet in July 2022. While extreme wet conditions resulted in lake levels exceeding 1,077 feet in February 2024, levels have been persistently hovering around 1,057 feet since May of 2025. The United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) projects that there is a 53 percent likelihood that Lake Mead elevation could fall below 1,035 feet, which would trigger water shortages for MET under the current operating guidelines. As of August 2025, Lake Mead storage was approximately 31 percent of capacity per U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR's) 24-Month Study, which also projected continued Lower Basin shortage conditions in 2026 (MET, 2025).

The current operating guidelines for the Colorado River expire at the end of 2026, and a new, long-term operating plan must be in place by November 2026 to manage the river's water supply. The ongoing Colorado River allocation negotiations are focused on creating a post-2026 operating plan, with states 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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and the federal government aiming for consensus on how to manage the river's declining water supply due to the severe, prolonged drought in the Colorado River Basin. The drought on the Colorado River began around 2000 and has continued, in various degrees of severity, for over two decades, making it a historic megadrought that has significantly reduced water flow into the river and lowered water levels in reservoirs like Lake Powell and Lake Mead. Although some periods, like the wet winter of 2023, brought temporary relief with increased snowfall, they were not enough to fully replenish the system or overcome the prolonged lack of water and effects of climate change, such as aridification and increased evaporation according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS, 2024). Under the 2007 Interim Guidelines, together with the Lower Basin Drought Contingency Plan (2019), the Intentionally Created Surplus (ICS) program has allowed MET to store conserved water in Lake Mead for subsequent recovery; these frameworks sunset with the Guidelines at the end of 2026 and are expected to be addressed in the post-2026 rules (MET, 2025).

The USBR, which is part of the U.S. Department of the Interior, is the federal agency leading the negotiations and responsible for managing the river system. The ongoing Colorado River negotiations aim to find a fair and sustainable way to allocate the available water, which is significantly less than in the past. Talks are centering on a "natural flow" proposal that divides water based on current river conditions, rather than historical allocations. However, states remain at odds over how much water to allocate to the Upper and Lower Basins, with the federal government planning to impose its own plan if an agreement is not reached by the November 2026 deadline. Some key challenges that remain to be resolved are the different interests of the Upper Basin states (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, New Mexico) and the Lower Basin states (California, Arizona, Nevada) to reach consensus on how much water the Upper Basin should send downstream. In addition, Tribal nations are also seeking recognition of their rights and a role in the future management of the river. Given MET's junior priority status within California's Colorado River priority system, reductions to MET's supplies are a possibility under future operating criteria; MET's planning reflects this risk (MET, 2025).

Consistent with MET's 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP), supply capability planning uses USBR's August 2023 Colorado River Simulation System (CRSS) assumptions, including a climate-adjusted flow reduction factor of approximately 9.3 percent per 1°C of warming over the planning horizon (2025-2050). MET continues to utilize supply, storage, transfer, and conservation programs, including ICS participation under the current Guidelines, to manage risk and buffer shortages. In addition, conserved QSA-related transfer water delivered at Lake Havasu (including Imperial Irrigation District and canal-lining exchanges) is categorized in MET's 2025 UWMP as Colorado River imported supply (previously treated as local supply), aligning accounting with current practice (MET, 2025).

6.2.2.3 MET Colorado River Current Programs
Over the years, MET has helped fund and implement various programs to improve Colorado River supply reliability and help resolve the imbalance between supply and demand. Implementation of such programs has contributed to achievements such as a record-low diversion of the Colorado River in 2019, a level not seen since the 1950s. Colorado River water management programs include:
 Lower Colorado Water Supply Projects – Authorized in 1980s, this project provides up to 10,000 AFY of water to certain entities that do not have or have insufficient rights to use Colorado River water. A contract executed in 2007 allowed MET to receive project water left unused by the 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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project contractors along the River – nearly 10,000 acre-feet (AF) were received in recent years when unused supplies were available.
 Imperial Irrigation District/MET Conservation Program – Under agreements executed in 1988 and 1989, this program allows MET to fund water efficiency improvements within Imperial Irrigation District's service area in return for the right to divert the water conserved by those investments. An average of 105,000 AFY of water has been conserved since the program's implementation.  Management of MET-Owned Land in Palo Verde – Since 2001, MET has acquired approximately 21,000 acres of irrigable farmland that are leased to growers, with incentives to grow low water-using crops and experiment with low water-consumption practices. MET continues to evaluate opportunities to formally account for verified long-term water savings associated with these lands as part of its Colorado River supply reliability strategy.
 Palo Verde Land Management, Crop Rotation, and Water Supply Program – Authorized in 2004, this 35-year program allows MET to pay participating farmers to reduce their water use, and for MET to receive the saved water. Over the life of the program, an average of 84,500 AFY has been saved and made available to MET.
 Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) and MET Storage and Interstate Release Agreement – Entered in 2004, this agreement allows SNWA to store its unused, conserved water with MET, in exchange for MET to receive additional Colorado River water supply. MET has relied on the additional water during dry years, especially during the 2011-2016 California drought, and SNWA is not expected to call upon MET to return water until after 2026.  Lake Mead Storage Program – Executed in 2006 and subsequently integrated with Lower Basin Drought Contingency Plan (DCP) operations, MET may intentionally leave conserved water in Lake Mead for exclusive future use. MET has significantly expanded its use of intentionally created surplus (ICS) storage in recent years, including record storage creation (450,000 AF) in 2023 under DCP‑related conservation programs.
 Quagga Mussel Control Program – Developed in 2007, this program introduced surveillance activities and control measures to combat quagga mussels, an invasive species that impact the Colorado River's water quality.
 Bard Seasonal Fallowing Program – Authorized in 2019, and subsequently expanded, this program allows MET to pay participating farmers in Bard to reduce their water use between the late spring and summer months of selected year. Under expanded program authorizations through 2026 (Quechan Seasonal Fallowing Program), this program can provide up to approximately 12,000 AFY in certain years.
 Lower Basin Drought Contingency Plan – Signed in 2019, this agreement incentivizes storage in Lake Mead through 2026 and overall, it increases MET's flexibility to fill the CRA as needed (MET, 2025).
 Lower Basin Conservation and System Efficiency Programs – In recent years, MET has participated in new, multi-agency conservation and system efficiency programs implemented between 2023 and 2026. These programs incentivize agricultural conservation, system efficiency improvements, urban conservation, and groundwater storage in the Lower Colorado River Basin, with the goal of reducing 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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system demands and increasing storage in Lake Mead during critically dry conditions. This includes programs such as the Quechan Diversion Forbearance program.  Exchange Programs – MET is involved in separate exchange programs with the USBR, which takes place at the Colorado River Intake and with San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA), which exchanges conserved Colorado River water.

The Colorado River faces long-term challenges of water demands exceeding available supply with additional uncertainties due to climate change. Climate change impacts expected in the Colorado River Basin include the following:
 More frequent, more intense, and longer lasting droughts, which will result in water deficits.  Continued dryness in the Colorado River Basin, which will increase the likelihood of triggering a firstever shortage in the Lower Basin.  Increased temperatures, which will affect the percentage of precipitation that falls as rain or snow, as well as the amount and timing of mountain snowpack (MET, 2025).

Given these uncertainties, MET plans to continue implementing and expanding Colorado River conservation, storage, exchange, and transfer programs, while also supporting increased water recycling and system efficiency improvements within the Colorado River Basin. MET continues to evaluate additional transfer and conservation opportunities to further enhance regional supply reliability through the 2025 UWMP planning horizon.

6.2.3 State Water Project

6.2.3.1 Background
The SWP consists of a series of pump stations, reservoirs, aqueducts, tunnels, and power plants operated by California Department of Water Resources (DWR) and is an integral part of the effort to ensure that business and industry, urban and suburban residents, and farmers throughout much of California have sufficient water. Water from the SWP originates at Lake Oroville, which is located on the Feather River in Northern California. Much of the SWP water supply passes through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ("Delta"). The SWP is the largest state-built, multipurpose, user-financed water project in the United States. Nearly two-thirds of residents in California receive at least part of their water from the SWP, with approximately 70 percent of SWP's contracted water supply going to urban users and 30 percent to agricultural users. The primary purpose of the SWP is to divert and store water during wet periods in Northern and Central California and distribute it to areas of need in Northern California, the San Francisco Bay area, the San Joaquin Valley, the Central Coast, and Southern California (MET, 2025).

The Delta is key to the SWP's ability to deliver water to its agricultural and urban contractors. All but five of the 29 SWP contractors receive water deliveries below the Delta (pumped via the Harvey O. Banks or Barker Slough pumping plants). However, the Delta faces many challenges concerning its long-term sustainability such as climate change posing a threat of increased variability in floods and droughts.

Sea level rise complicates efforts in managing salinity levels and preserving water quality in the Delta to ensure a suitable water supply for urban and agricultural use. Furthermore, other challenges include continued subsidence of Delta islands, many of which are already below sea level, and the related threat of catastrophic levee failure as water pressure increases or following a major seismic event. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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In May 2019, DWR withdrew its permit for the two-tunnel WaterFix project in favor of a smaller onetunnel project alternative. In July 2022, the draft Environmental Impact Report (EIR) for the recommended Delta Conveyance Project alternative was issued, with the project potentially operational by 2045 (Delta Conveyance Design and Construction Authority, 2024), though its implementation faces strong opposition by environmental organizations and other interests in the Delta. The maximum value of the Delta Conveyance Project, when coupled with 250,000 AF of new regional storage, is estimated to be 367,000 AFY for MET, with 63,000 AFY of that amount for Orange County. The Delta Conveyance Project also reduces the probability that any shortage occurs by about 10 percent, meaning a doubling of the time between shortage conditions from once every 5 years to once every decade (MWDOC OC Water Reliability Study, 2023).

6.2.3.2 Current Conditions and Supply
Just like the Colorado River, the amount of water that can be delivered from the SWP to its 29 contractors varies annually based on hydrology and reservoir storage along the SWP. The DWR publishes the maximum entitlement of SWP water for each water contracting agency in "Table A." DWR sets these allocations to balance the needs for human health and safety, agricultural, and municipal water, considering factors like reservoir storage, runoff forecasts, and Endangered Species Act (ESA) requirements. The primary drivers that influence allocations are hydrologic conditions (precipitation and snowmelt) along with storage levels, especially in Lake Oroville. Actual deliveries typically average less than 50 percent of Table A due to hydrologic and regulatory constraints (MET, 2025). MET's actual annual allocations based on springtime Table A values for the past UWMP cycles are summarized in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3 MET SWP Program Capabilities
Year Average Annual Table A Spring Allocation (MAF)
2015 0.38
2020 0.38
2025 0.96
Percent Change(1) +252.6%
Notes:
(1) Percent change is between the years 2020 and 2025. Source: SWP Allocations 1996-2026.

SWP contractors may additionally receive Article 21 water on a short-term basis in addition to Table A water if requested. Article 21 of SWP contracts allows contractors to receive additional water deliveries only under specific conditions, generally during wet months of the year (December through March).

Because a SWP contractor must have an immediate use for Article 21 supply or a place to store it outside of the SWP, there are few contractors like MET that can access such supplies (MET, 2025).

Carryover water is SWP water allocated to an SWP contractor and approved for delivery to the contractor in a given year but not used by the end of the year. The unused water is stored in the SWP's share of San Luis Reservoir, when space is available, for the contractor to use in the following year (MET, 2025).

Turnback pool water is Table A water that has been allocated to SWP contractors who have exceeded their demands. This water can then be purchased by another contractor depending on its availability (MET, 2025).
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The following factors affect the ability to estimate existing and future water delivery reliability:
 Water availability at the source: Availability can be highly variable and depends on the amount and timing of rain and snow that fall in any given year. Generally, during a single dry year or two, surface and groundwater storage can supply most water deliveries, but multiple dry years can result in critically low water reserves. Fisheries issues can also restrict the operations of the export pumps even when water supplies are available.
 Water rights with priority over the SWP: Water users with prior water rights are assigned higher priority in DWR's modeling of the SWP's water delivery reliability, even ahead of SWP Table A water.  Climate change: Mean temperatures are predicted to vary more significantly than previously expected. This change in climate is anticipated to bring warmer winter storms that result in less snowfall at lower elevations, reducing total snowpack. From historical data, DWR projects that by 2050, the Sierra snowpack will be reduced from its historical average by 25 to 40 percent. Increased precipitation as rain could result in a larger number of "rain-on-snow" events, causing snow to melt earlier in the year and over fewer days than historically, affecting the availability of water for pumping by the SWP during summer. Furthermore, water quality may be adversely affected due to the anticipated increase in wildfires. Rising sea levels may result in potential pumping cutbacks on the SWP and Central Valley Project (CVP). DWR's recent planning documents and the Draft 2025 Delta planning reference (DCR) describe climate-adjusted "existing conditions" baselines and future scenarios used by agencies for UWMPs.
 Regulatory restrictions on SWP Delta exports: The Biological Opinions (BiOps) protect specialstatus species such as delta smelt and spring- and winter-run Chinook salmon and imposed substantial constraints on Delta water supply operations through requirements for Delta inflow and outflow and export pumping restrictions. Restrictions on SWP operations imposed by state and federal agencies contribute substantially to the challenge of accurately determining the SWP's water delivery reliability in any given year (DWR, 2020b).
 Ongoing environmental and policy planning efforts: Following the 2019 withdrawal of WaterFix, DWR certified the Delta Conveyance Project Final EIR and approved the Bethany alignment in December 2023, a key modernization initiative for the SWP. EcoRestore and related habitat efforts continue to advance.
 Delta levee failure: The levees are vulnerable to failure because most original levees were simply built with soils dredged from nearby channels and were not engineered. A breach of one or more levees and island flooding could affect Delta water quality and SWP operations for several months.

When islands are flooded, DWR may need to drastically decrease or even cease SWP Delta exports to evaluate damage caused by salinity in the Delta.

It can be concluded that the federal regulatory framework affecting the Bay-Delta's ecosystem, species, and water supply are constantly evolving by adapting to new scientific information, changing climate conditions, and legal challenges. This dynamic and complex regulatory landscape, along with hydrologic and storage conditions along the SWP, continues to result in water supply uncertainties that impact all SWP contractors, including MET, MWDOC, and its member agencies (MET, 2025). 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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6.2.3.3 SWP Programs/Plans
In the past five years, MET has updated and implemented planning, regulatory, infrastructure, and operational programs to improve the reliability of the SWP supplies while addressing environmental, seismic, and climate-related risks in the Delta and along the California Aqueduct. Key SWP programs and planning efforts include:
 SWP Biological Opinions and California Incidental Take Permit – Updated federal BiOps and a California ITP issued in 2024 provide a new operating framework intended to improve flexibility and species protection. The 2025 MET UWMP characterizes the net reliability benefit at approximately +60,000 AFY relative to prior permits, subject to hydrologic and regulatory conditions.  Healthy Rivers and Landscapes (HRL) Voluntary Agreements – MET supports the State's proposed Healthy Rivers and Landscapes program, which establishes a voluntary framework for improving Delta ecosystem conditions through coordinated flow contributions and habitat restoration projects. The HRL approach is intended to provide regulatory stability while supporting environmental objectives consistent with SWP operations.

6.2.4 Storage, Transfers, and Conveyance Programs
Storage is a major component of MET's dry year resource management strategy. MET's likelihood of having adequate supply capability to meet projected demands, without implementing its Water Supply Allocation Plan (WSAP) depends on its storage resources. Following a significant drawdown during the 2020–2022 drought, MET rebuilt storage as hydrologic conditions improved. By the end of 2023, MET had approximately 3.4 MAF of regional dry-year storage. Storage increased to 3.8 MAF by the end of 2024, with levels projected to reach approximately 3.9 MAF by the end of 2025. MET also maintains approximately 750 thousand acre-feet (TAF) of emergency storage dedicated to catastrophic supply interruption conditions, including a major seismic failure of the Delta levees.

In its 2025 UWMP, MET evaluates storage based on median starting storage at the beginning of each five-year increment, representing a 50 percent probability that actual storage will be higher or lower. This approach differs from earlier UWMPs, which relied on average storage assumptions, and provides a more conservative and realistic representation of storage availability. All storage capability values incorporate conveyance and recovery constraints associated with SWP terminal reservoirs, the CRA, and MET's in-region and out-of-region groundwater banking programs.

Lake Oroville continues to serve as the SWP's largest storage facility with a capacity of approximately

3.5 MAF. Water released from Oroville moves to the Feather River and then to the Sacramento River before being pumped south at the Harvey O. Banks pumping plant into the California Aqueduct. MET's storage portfolio includes surface reservoirs such as Diamond Valley Lake, Lake Mathews, and Lake Skinner; SWP terminal storage in San Luis Reservoir; groundwater banking programs including Semitropic, Arvin-Edison, the High Desert Water Bank, Kern Delta, and Mojave; and ICS storage in Lake Mead. These storage assets provide operational flexibility during dry years and help maintain supplies during extended droughts or emergency events.
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MET endeavors to increase the reliability of water supplies through the development of flexible storage and transfer programs including groundwater storage (MET, 2025). These include:
 Antelope Valley-East Kern (AVEK) Water Agency Exchange and Storage Program: Under the exchange program, for every 2 AF MET receives, MET returns 1 AF back to AVEK, and MET will also be able to store up to 30,000 AF in the AVEK's groundwater basin, with a dry-year return capability of 10,000 AF.
 Arvin-Edison Storage Program: The storage program is estimated to deliver 75,000 AF, and the specific amount of water MET can expect to store in and subsequently receive from the program depends on hydrologic conditions and any regulatory requirements restricting MET's ability to export water for storage. During wet years, MET has the discretion to use to program to store portions of its SWP supplies which are in excess, and during dry years, the Arvin-Edison Water Storage District returns MET's previously stored water to MET by direct groundwater pump-in or by exchange of surface water supplies.
 Diamond Valley Lake to Rialto Pipeline – Planned for completion in 2028, this project creates new conveyance that improves the ability to move non-SWP supplies (120 cubic feet per second (cfs), including CRA and banked water) into areas historically dependent on SWP deliveries, increasing drought and seismic resilience.
 High Desert Water Bank Program: Developed in partnership with AVEK, this regional groundwater banking program allows MET to store up to 280,000 AF of SWP Table A or other available supplies in the Antelope Valley groundwater basin. The program provides a put-and-take capability of up to approximately 70,000 AFY, with infrastructure including monitoring and production wells, California Aqueduct turnouts, pipelines, recharge basins, and pump facilities. Phase 1 became operational in 2023, with full build-out expected by approximately 2030.  Kern-Delta Water District Storage Program: This groundwater storage program has 250,000 AF of storage capacity, and water for storage can either be directly recharged into the groundwater basin or delivered to Kern-Delta Water District farmers in lieu of pumping groundwater. During dry years, the Kern-Delta Water District returns MET's previously stored water to MET by direct groundwater pump-in return or by exchange of surface water supplies.  Mojave Storage Program: MET entered into a groundwater banking and exchange transfer agreement with Mojave Water Agency that allows for the cumulative storage of up to 390,000 AF. The agreement allows for MET to store water in an exchange account for later return.  Richvale & Western Canal Water Transfers – These multi-year transfer options will provide supplemental dry-year supplies when available, with volumes up to approximately 54,000 AF (2025-2027).
 San Bernardino Valley MWD Surplus SWP Program – Programmatic access to surplus SWP supplies (approximately 13 TAF) will be available from SBVMWD under certain hydrologic and operational conditions.
 Semitropic Storage Program: The maximum storage capacity of the program is 350,000 AF, and the minimum and maximum annual yields available to MET are 34,700 AF and 236,200 AF, respectively.

The specific amount of water MET can expect to store in and subsequently receive from the program depends on hydrologic conditions, any regulatory requirements restricting MET's ability to export water for storage and demands placed by other program participants. During wet years, MET has the 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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discretion to use the program to store portions of its SWP supplies which are in excess, and during dry years, the Semitropic Water Storage District returns MET's previously stored water to MET by direct groundwater pump-in or by exchange of surface water supplies.  Sepulveda Feeder Pump Stations (Stage 1) – This program includes pumping improvements that expand westward movement of CRA/SWP/banked supplies across service areas to address localized system constraints. Pumping capacity is expected to be 30 cfs upon completion of Stage 1 in 2027.  Yuba Accord Extension – This project is a continuation of an established dry-year transfer program from the Yuba watershed that can be accessed subject to hydrologic and regulatory conditions. As of 2025, the extension is under negotiation for approximately 250,000 AFY in supply.

6.2.5 Untreated Imported Water - Baker Treatment Plant
The Baker Treatment Plant is a 28.1 mgd drinking water treatment plant at the site of the former Baker Filtration Plant in Lake Forest. The plant was a joint regional project by five South Orange County water districts: El Toro Water District, Irvine Ranch Water District (IRWD), Moulton Niguel Water District (MNWD), Santa Margarita Water District (SMWD), and Trabuco Canyon Water District, which have capacity rights of 3.2 mgd, 6.8 mgd, 8.4 mgd, 8.4 mgd, and 1.3 mgd, respectively. The project came online in early 2017 and is managed and operated by IRWD.

The plant has multiple water supply sources that increase water supply reliability, including imported untreated water from MET through the Santiago Lateral and local surface water from Irvine Lake.

It provides a reliable local drinking water supply during emergencies or extended facility shutdowns on the MET delivery system (including Diemer Plant interruptions or AMP outages) and increases operational flexibility by creating redundancy within the water conveyance system.

6.2.6 Potential Future Water Projects

6.2.6.1 Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water
In February 2023, the MET's Board directed its staff to integrate water resources planning, climate resilience planning, and financial planning into a Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water (CAMP4W).

Then a Joint Task Force of Board Members and Member Agency Managers was convened to facilitate the development of CAMP4W in a timely and transparent process. The main elements of CAMP4W include:

1. Identify climate and growth scenarios, building from analyses conducted for MET's Integrated Resources Plan (IRP).

2. Develop time-bound targets for new regional water supplies and system improvements.

3. Establish a framework for decision-making and annual reporting.

4. Form policies, initiatives, and partnerships.

5. Evaluate business models and funding strategies.

Because investments required for regional supply reliability and system resilience are significant, it is important that decisions are made through an adaptive management process to avoid the risks associated with over-investment or under-performance. Tracking signposts and progress towards time-bound targets is therefore critical for CAMP4W's annual reporting. Currently, regional projects being explored by MET include Pure Water Southern California, new reservoir storage in Southern California of up to 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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155,000 AFY, regional seawater desalination, and participation in California's Delta Conveyance Project.

These projects will be scored against the following CAMP4W criteria: (1) reliability; (2) resilience; (3) financial; (4) adaptability/flexibility; (5) equity; and (6) environmental co-benefits.

Pure Water Southern California – The potential Pure Water Southern California program, a partnership with the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, would purify wastewater treatment effluent that currently flows to the ocean to produce high quality recycled water. The purified water would be delivered to Metropolitan's member agencies to meet their groundwater replenishment and storage requirements.

It should be noted that the 2025 MET UWMP does not include Pure Water yield in projected supplies (MET, 2025).

Sites Reservoir – This potential project includes a water storage reservoir of 1.5 MAF and would require the construction of two large dams up to 310 feet high and nine smaller saddle dams. The water stored in the reservoir, located north of Sacramento, would be diverted from the Sacramento River during high flow events and returned to the Sacramento River during dry and critical years, thereby providing additional dry-year water for environmental flows and project partners including SWP agencies south of the Delta.

The current operations model estimates the annual water yield of the Sites Reservoir Project at approximately 270,000 AFY by 2032, when the Sites Reservoir Project is scheduled to be operational (MET, 2025). It should be noted that the 2025 MET UWMP does not include Sites Reservoir in projected supplies (MET, 2025).

Delta Conveyance Project – Following the withdrawal and subsequent termination of the California WaterFix project, the State advanced a new single-tunnel Delta Conveyance Project to address seismic risk, sea-level rise, extreme weather, and regulatory uncertainty while improving long-term SWP delivery reliability. The environmental review was completed in 2023 and DWR has approved the project. Potential yield used in planning analyses is on the order of approximately 400,000 AFY. It should be noted that the 2025 MET UWMP does not include Delta Conveyance Project yield in projected supplies pending future milestones and contracting decisions (MET, 2025).

6.2.7 Supply Reliability within MET
MET's 2025 UWMP reports on its water reliability and identifies projected supplies to meet the long-term demand within its service area. The MET 2025 UWMP discusses the current water supply conditions and long-term plans for supply implementation and continued development of a diversified resource mix.

It describes the programs being implemented, such as the CRA, SWP, Central Valley storage/transfer programs, water use efficiency programs, local resource projects, and in-region storage that will enable the region to meet its water supply needs. MET's 2025 UWMP also presents MET's supply capacities from 2025 through 2050 for average year, single dry year, five consecutive dry years, and more frequent and severe droughts, as specified in the UWMP Act.

Information concerning MET's UWMP, including the background, associated challenges, and long-term development of programs for each of MET's supply sources and capacities have been summarized and included in the following subsections. Additional information on MET can be found directly in MET's 2025 UWMP.
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6.2.7.1 MET's Water Service Reliability Assessment Results In MET's 2025 UWMP, MET evaluated supply reliability by projecting supply and demand under a normal year, single-dry year, and five-year consecutive dry years, based on conditions affecting the SWP (MET's largest and most variable supply). For this supply source, the average of 100 historical years 1922-2021 most closely represents water supply conditions in a normal water year, the single driest year was 1977 and the five-year dry period was 1988-1992. The analyses also include Colorado River supplies under the same hydrological variations.

MET also incorporated the SWP and Colorado River's reliability factors, such as water quality objectives set by the SWRCB, BiOps, and amendments to the Coordinated Operations Agreement for the SWP and Quantification Settlement Agreements for the Colorado River into their assessment.

MET has concluded that the region can provide reliable water supplies under normal, single-dry, and five-year consecutive dry conditions as presented in Table 6.4, Table 6.5, and Table 6.6, respectively.

In each of the following tables, "Current Programs" supplies include:
 In-Region Supplies and Programs:
» Metropolitan Surface Storage (Diamond Valley Lake, Lake Mathews, Lake Skinner). » Flexible Storage in Castaic Lake and Perris Lake.
» Groundwater Storage for Conjunctive Use.
 California Aqueduct (SWP), including Central Valley transfers and storage program supplies conveyed by the aqueduct.
 CRA, including deliveries, programs, and exchanges with SDCWA.

These supplies are impacted - typically reduced - by the single dry year and multiple dry year scenarios.

Though demands increase in these drought conditions, MET projects reliable supply, even surplus, through 2050. MWDOC is a MET member agency, and MET's projections take into account the imported demands from Orange County. As so, MET's water reliability assessments are used to determine that demands within MWDOC can be met for all three hydrological conditions. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Table 6.4 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Normal Year 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Table 6.5 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Single Dry Year 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Table 6.6 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Drought (5 Consecutive Water Years)

6.2.7.2 MET's Drought Risk Assessment Results
For its Drought Risk Assessment (DRA), MET assessed the reliability of each individual water supply source over the five-consecutive-year drought through a modeling method using the same historical hydrologic conditions as the water service reliability assessment: 1922 to 2021. MET used the five consecutive years of 1988 to 1992 to complete its DRA, because this represents the driest five-consecutive year historical sequence for MET's supply. The results, shown in Table 6.7, indicate that MET's SWP and CRA supplies alone cannot meet demands during this five‑year drought period without additional actions. MET's 2025 UWMP therefore identifies Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) actions as necessary tools to close the deficit and maintain service through the modeled drought sequence. Supply augmentation is 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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anticipated to provide the additional water needed to meet projected demands without requiring demand reduction actions. Supply augmentation actions are comprised of MET's portfolio of water storage reserves and flexible supply sources that are available on an as-needed basis, such as water from its storage facilities and from transfer and exchange programs. Therefore, MET's water supply from the SWP and CRA combined with supply augmentation strategies can reliably meet the demands of a five-year drought from FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30 (Table 6.7). 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Table 6.7 MET's Water Use, Supply, and Drought Risk Assessment for 2026-2030 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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6.3 Local Groundwater
Historically, local groundwater has been the cheapest and most reliable source of supply for the City. The City supplements supply with groundwater extracted from a subunit of the non-adjudicated San Mateo Valley Groundwater Basin (Basin). However, in the past five years, the City has not used any groundwater supply. The City still has two wells, Well 6 and Well 8, in the Basin located near the San Clemente Golf Course (Dudek, 2015) that are currently undergoing equipment upgrades. The City has established a safe pumping yield on its local subunit of the Basin of approximately 500 AFY to prevent seawater intrusion and overdraft, while using regular water quality monitoring. Therefore, the City is projecting 500 AFY of groundwater supply from these existing wells starting in FY 2028 once equipment upgrades are completed.

6.3.1 San Mateo Groundwater Basin
Per DWR's designation, the Basin is a non-adjudicated, very low-priority basin located to the south of the Orange County boundary, within the boundary of the Marine Corps Base (Base), Camp Pendleton, in San Diego County. The Basin covers an area of 4.7 square miles (DWR, 2019a). Historically, the Base utilized groundwater from the Basin for Base use and for irrigation of agricultural lease lands on Base property.

Recent data have not been obtained on use of water from the basin by the Base.

6.3.1.1 Basin Characteristics
Marine terrace deposits characterized as predominantly fine to coarse sand and gravel in the southern part of San Clemente are underlain by the San Mateo and Capistrano Formations. These deposits are in direct hydraulic contact with the ocean and are subject to seawater intrusion. The San Mateo Formation consists of marine sands and conglomerates, while the Capistrano Formation that underlies it consists of interbedded sandstone and shale zones, with nested turbidite-filled channels that are conducive to groundwater production (Dudek, 2015).

Confined groundwater in the Basin is produced from a deep-lying series of semi-consolidated sandstone beds with numerous coarse gravel lenses. The majority of the soils have slow or very slow infiltration rates.

The usable surface area of the Basin was identified to be 107 acres with a hypothetical usable depth ranging from 10 to 110 feet (Boyle Engineering Corporation, 1987). The City has successfully relied on well water production during drought years.

6.3.1.2 Basin Management
Due to the unadjudicated, very low-priority designation of the San Mateo Valley Basin, a formal management plan does not exist. However, the City worked with Dudek to prepare a Water Well Aquifer Study in 2015 to evaluate the Basin's water quality and the City wells' production operations. The Basin has recharge areas along San Mateo Creek, downgradient from drinking water supply wells (DWR, 2019b).

6.3.2 Planned Future Groundwater Sources
The City has no planned groundwater supply projects.
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6.4 Surface Water

6.4.1 Existing Surface Water Sources
Local surface water is available from Irvine Lake and treated at the Baker Treatment Plant. The surface water is used during emergencies or when untreated imported water is unavailable from MET. The City does not rely on surface water as a primary water source. For more details on the Baker Treatment Plant, refer to Section 6.2.5.

6.4.2 Planned Future Surface Water Sources
As of 2025, there are no planned surface water uses in the City's service area.

6.5 Stormwater

6.5.1 Existing Stormwater Sources
There are, currently, no direct stormwater uses in the City's Service area.

6.5.2 Planned Future Stormwater Sources
The City is currently studying the feasibility of a project at Poche Beach to divert urban runoff. Water could potentially be used for recycled water in the future if a microfiltration/reverse osmosis (MF/RO) facility could be built there. There is no set timeline or potential supply volumes to note.

6.6 Wastewater and Recycled Water
The City is directly involved in wastewater services through its ownership and operation of the wastewater collection system in its service area. Additionally, the City owns and operates wastewater treatment facilities. The sewer system service area encompasses about 14.3 square miles and includes approximately 180 miles of sewer main.

Recycled water is wastewater that is treated through primary, secondary, and tertiary processes and is acceptable for most non-potable water purposes such as irrigation and commercial and industrial process water per Title 22 requirements. Recycled water opportunities have continued to grow in Southern California as public acceptance and the need to expand local water resources continues to be a priority.

Recycled water also provides a degree of flexibility and added reliability during drought conditions when imported water supplies are restricted. The following sections expand on the existing agency collaboration involved in these efforts as well as the City's projected recycled water use over the next 25 years.

6.6.1 Agency Coordination
The South Orange County Wastewater Authority (SOCWA) is a Joint Powers Authority created on July 1, 2001 to facilitate and manage the collection, transmission, treatment, and discharge of wastewater for more than 500,000 homes and businesses across South Orange County. It was formed as the legal successor to the Aliso Water Management Agency, South East Regional Reclamation Authority, and South 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Orange County Reclamation Authority. SOCWA has six member agencies that include: City of Laguna Beach, City of San Clemente, City of San Juan Capistrano, El Toro Water District, Emerald Bay Service District, Santa Margarita Water District, and South Coast Water District. All these service areas receive wholesale water through MWDOC. The service area encompasses approximately 220 square miles including the Aliso Creek, Salt Creek, Laguna Canyon Creek, and San Juan Creek Watersheds. Figure 6.4 shows a map of the SOCWA service area.

Within its service area, SOCWA operates two wastewater treatment plants, with an additional ten wastewater treatment plants operated by SOCWA member agencies. Wastewater in the service area is collected at the local and regional level through a series of interceptors that convey influent to the wastewater treatment plants. Treated effluent throughout the service area is conveyed to two gravity flow ocean outfalls operated by SOCWA the Aliso Creek Outfall and the San Juan Creek Outfall. The Aliso Creek outfall has a capacity of 33.2 mgd and extends 1.5 miles offshore near Aliso Beach in the City of Laguna Beach. The San Juan Creek outfall has a nominal capacity of 36.8 mgd which can be increased by pumping and extends 2.2 miles offshore near Doheny Beach in the City of Dana Point. Full secondary treatment is provided at SOCWA wastewater treatment plants, with most plants exceeding this level of treatment when the water is beneficially reused.

SOCWA Coastal Treatment Plant - SOCWA's Coastal Treatment Plant (CTP) in Aliso Canyon, Laguna Niguel has a 6.7 mgd capacity and treats wastewater received from the City of Laguna Beach, EBSD, MNWD, and SCWD to secondary effluent standards. Effluent from the CTP is treated to secondary or tertiary levels depending on the discharge method, ocean outfall or beneficial reuse. Recycled water is treated to Title 22 standards at the Advanced Water Treatment Plant (AWTP) owned by SCWD, but operated by SOCWA, located adjacent to the CTP. During the summer months, over 2 mgd of recycled water can be produced by the AWTP. Treated effluent that is not recycled is discharged through the Aliso Creek Ocean Outfall. Waste sludge is sent to the Regional Treatment Plant (RTP) in Laguna Niguel.

SOCWA J. B. Latham Treatment Plant - SOCWA's J. B. Latham Treatment Plant located in the City of Dana Point has a 13 mgd capacity and treats wastewater from MNWD, City of San Juan Capistrano, SMWD, and SCWD to secondary effluent standards. The secondary effluent is conveyed directly to the San Juan Creek Outfall as the plant does not have tertiary treatment. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Figure 6.4 SOCWA Service Area Map
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6.6.2 Wastewater
The City provides wastewater service to approximately 84 percent of the incorporated area of the City boundaries. Wastewater in the remaining portions of the system has typically been serviced by South Coast Water District and Santa Margarita Water District; however, since December 2017, the City has been receiving approximately 600,000 gallons per day of raw wastewater from Santa Margarita Water District's Talega service area through an interim Agreement. The City and SMWD are currently working to meet water quality requirements to continue the conveyance and treatment of wastewater from the Talega area of the City.

The City's 14.3 square mile service area contains approximately 180 miles of gravity sewers ranging in size from 6-inches to 24 inches in diameter, 12 pump stations and five miles of pressure force mains.

Wastewater is conveyed to the treatment plant located on Avenida Pico from two pump of the stations situated in the vicinity of the Wastewater Reclamation Plant (WRP). The pump stations are equipped with variable frequency drives that pace incoming flows to the WRP.

Wastewater first enters the WRP at the headworks building for metering, screening, and grit removal.

Incoming flows are accurately metered through a Parshall flume combined with ultra-sonic flow meter, screened through bar screens to remove the larger debris that can clog downstream piping, pumps and equipment, and then conveyed into grit tanks for removal of coarse material such as sand and other fine inorganic material particles that cause wear in pumps and occupy valuable space in the digesters.

The first treatment process is primary clarification. The clarifiers provide a quiescent zone to promote the settling of suspended solids. Along with the removal of most of these solids, a portion of the biological oxygen demand (BOD) substances and grease and oils are also removed.

The next step is the activated sludge process that consists of aeration basins and secondary clarifiers. The aeration basins contain a population of bacteria and other microorganisms known as mixed liquor. The mixed liquor culture feeds on the primary effluent suspended material and soluble BOD. Air is pumped and diffused into the aeration basins to provide aerobic conditions and mixing. The mixed liquor then flows to the secondary clarifiers, which are similar to the primary units.

The mixed liquor settles and is collected at one end of the basin. Most of the settled mixed liquor is returned to the aeration basins to treat incoming primary effluent. To maintain balance in this biological treatment process, a portion of the mixed liquor is removed. The clear liquid called secondary effluent then flows through the land outfall to SOCWA's Ocean Outfall for disposal.

A portion is diverted and pumped to the reclamation process. Reclamation provides further treatment beyond secondary and is commonly referred to as Tertiary Treatment. The process includes a chemical addition to promote the formation of floc. Flocculation is the aggregation of secondary effluent suspended solids into larger particles. The flocculated effluent is then filtered and disinfected by chlorine.

The tertiary effluent is used within the plant and distributed offsite to City customers.

Effluent from the City's Water Treatment Plant that is not used for recycled water enters a land outfall splitter box before discharging to SOCWA's Ocean Outfall for disposal. Turbidity levels are monitored at the splitter box and, if within specifications, a portion of secondary effluent is diverted to the reclamation facilities for tertiary treatment.

Solids removed from the primary clarifiers (primary sludge) and secondary clarifiers (waste activated sludge) are pumped to anaerobic digesters. The digesters further treat the solids to reduce their organic 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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content. The resulting bio-solids are then conditioned, dewatered, and trucked to a regional composting site.

Table 6.8 summarizes the wastewater collected by the City in its collection system in 2025. Table 6.9 shows the amount of the City's wastewater treated and disposed of by SOCWA in 2025.

Table 6.8 Submittal Table 6-2 Retail: Wastewater Collected within the City's Service Area in 2025 Submittal Table 6-2 Retail: Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 Water Code Section 10633(a)
Wastewater Collection Recipient of Collected Wastewater Name of Wastewater
Collection Agency
Wastewater
Volume Metered
or Estimated?
Volume of Wastewater
Collected from UWMP
Service Area 2025
Name of Wastewater
Treatment Plant (WWTP)
and Place ID Number
Is WWTP
Located Within
UWMP Area?
(AF)
San Clemente/SOCWA Metered 3,806 City of San Clemente
WRP, Place ID 255218 Yes
Total Wastewater Received from UWMP
Service Area in 2025: 3,806
NOTES: Wastewater quantified by influent metering at WRP. Includes approximately 600,000 gallons per day of wastewater originating from Santa Margarita Water District.

Table 6.9 Submittal Table 6-3 Retail: Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes within the City's Service Area in 2025 Submittal Table 6-3 Retail: Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025 Water Code Section 10633(a)
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
Name and Place ID
Number
Drop down list
Does This Plant Treat
Wastewater Generated
Outside the UWMP
Service Area?
(OPTIONAL)
Drop down list
2025 Volume of
Wastewater
Received from
UWMP Service
Area
Total 2025
Volume of
Water
Treated
2025 Outcomes of Treated Wastewater
Water Recycled
Within UWMP
Service Area
Effluent Discharge
that is not a Permitted
Recycled Water Use
Volume Volume
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
City of San
Clemente WRP,
Place ID 255218
Yes 3,806 3,806 778 3,028
Total 3,806 3,806 778 3,028
NOTES: Source - City of San Clemente, 2025.

6.6.3 Current Recycled Water Uses
San Clemente Water Reclamation Plant - The City of San Clemente owns and operates the San Clemente Water Reclamation Plant located within San Clemente. The plant has a design capacity of 7 mgd and treats wastewater to secondary or tertiary levels depending on the discharge method, ocean outfall or beneficial reuse. Any secondary effluent in excess of the plant's recycling limit is conveyed to the San Juan Creek Ocean Outfall via the San Clemente Land Outfall. Recycling capacity is currently 4.4 mgd after the expansion was completed in 2014 and included 9 miles of pipelines, conversion of a domestic water 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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reservoir to recycled water storage, and a pressure reducing station as well as an interconnection with SMWD.

In FY 2024-25, approximately 765 AF of recycled water from the WRP, or approximately 10 percent of the City's total water demand in the same year, was used to irrigate the City's landscapes (Table 6.10).

Table 6.10 Submittal Table 6-4 Retail: Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area Submittal Table 6-4 Retail: Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area Water Code Section 10633 (c)(e)
Use Type
Water Type (after
treatment if treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Additional Information
(as needed)
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Landscape
irrigation (exc
golf courses)
Non-Potable City of San Clemente
Water Reclamation Plant
Golf course 765 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100
irrigation Non-Potable City of San Clemente Water Reclamation Plant Industrial use Non-Potable City of San Clemente
Water Reclamation Plant
Total 765 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100
NOTES: Source – MWDOC, 2025.

6.6.4 Projected Recycled Water Uses
As of April 2019, the State of California amended its recycled water policy to expand its numeric goal of recycled water use to 2.5 million AFY by 2030 and added annual required reporting requirements for wastewater and recycled water. The City currently uses water from its recycled water system for direct non-potable reuse such as landscape irrigation. The city has completed a feasibility study on various expansion routes of the recycled water distribution system, finding that any measurable expansion in distribution would be cost prohibitive. However, a small area of expansion is set to break ground in spring 2026, which would add 330 feet of recycled distribution pipe for 11 AFY of recycled water use.

Additionally, the City did enter into a temporary agreement (with the intention to develop a permanent one) with neighboring SMWD in December 2017 to accept wastewater flows from the Talega area of San Clemente, which are currently being delivered through the Avenida Pico trunk line for treatment at the WRP. These sewer flows were previously treated by SMWD at their Chiquita Water Reclamation Plant. The City previously had excess plant capacity to treat these additional (approximately 0.6 mgd) flows and they will help contribute to the City's ability to eventually serve additional recycled water.

There is also another partnership with SMWD on the Trampas Canyon reservoir for recycled water storage.

This will allow the City to store treated wastewater in the winter months both for use by the City and for sale to SMWD during the warmer months when the demand for landscape irrigation water peaks. In order to store water in the reservoir; however, the City will need to reduce the level of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in the recycled water produced. Currently, there is a design for an MF/RO treatment plant to be completed to accomplish this reduction in TDS. The City is exploring funding options to break ground on the project with plans to be operational by 2030.
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Table 6.11 compares the recycled water projected for 2025 in the City's 2020 UWMP versus the actual 2025 use.

Table 6.11 Submittal Table 6-5 Retail: 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual Submittal Table 6-5 Retail: 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual Water Code Section 10633 (e)
Use Type
2020 Projection for
2025 2025 Actual Use
(AF) (AF)
Landscape irrigation (exc golf courses) 590
Golf course irrigation 380 765
Industrial use 230
Total 1,200 765
NOTES: Source - MWDOC, 2025

6.6.5 Potential Recycled Water Uses
The City recognizes the benefits of recycled water use and recently completed an expansion of its WRP.

The City continues to support, encourage, and contribute to the continued development of recycled water and potential uses throughout the region. Staff is evaluating the potential for a Phase II expansion and regional uses for its recycled water (Table 6.12).

Table 6.12 Submittal Table 6-6 Retail: Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use within the Service Area Submittal Table 6-6 Retail: Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use Water Code Section 10633 (f)
Name of Action Description
Planned
Implementation
Year
Expected Increase in
Recycled Water Use
(AF)
Phase II Water
Reclamation Project
Expansion
Expansion of existing recycled water distribution
system to provide access/ conversion from potable
water to additional irrigation customers/HOAs.

FY 2026-27 165
Total 165
NOTES: Source – City of San Clemente, 2025.

6.7 Desalination Opportunities
In 2014, MET modified the provisions of their Local Resources Program (LRP) to include incentives for locally produced seawater desalination projects that reduce the need for imported supplies.

MET's LRP incentivizes participating agencies to explore new local water supply opportunities. Developing local supplies within MET's service area is part of its IRP goal of improving water supply reliability in the region and reducing pressure on imported supplies from the SWP and Colorado River. To qualify for the incentive, proposed projects must replace an existing demand or prevent new demand on MET's imported water supplies. In return, MET offers three incentive formulas under the program:
 Sliding scale incentive up to $340 per AF for a 25-year agreement term, depending on the unit cost of seawater produced compared to the cost of MET supplies. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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 Sliding scale incentive up to $475 per AF for a 15-year agreement term (but requiring the project to produce local supplies for 25 years), depending on the unit cost of seawater produced compared to the cost of MET supplies.
 Fixed incentive up to $305 per AF for a 25-year agreement term.

6.7.1 Ocean Water Desalination
The City is not currently pursuing ocean desalination but may consider participating in the Doheny Ocean Desalination Project at some point in the future if additional capacity becomes available. However, the City will still be required to reduce use during droughts, so the City considers the project as a potential emergency local supply source and not a drought-proof supply.

Doheny Ocean Desalination Project - Following the expiration of the Seawater Desalination Program (SDP) in 2020, MET approved a $39.9 million LRP agreement in April 2024 with MWDOC and South Coast Water District (SCWD) for the 5,600 AFY Doheny Ocean Desalination Project. SCWD is moving forward with the implementation of its Doheny Ocean Desalination Project to create a new local, drought-proof water supply that will also provide emergency water supplies should the delivery of imported water be disrupted due to earthquakes or other natural disasters. In October 2022, the California Coastal Commission gave unanimous approval of the project, which will provide 5 million gallons per day of drinking water to SCWD customers and other potential partners in South Orange County. The project is currently in progressive design/construction and is expected to be fully operational in 2029. There is potential for expansion to provide a total of 15 mgd. Once operational, the Doheny Ocean Desalination Project will be the first fully compliant ocean desalination facility to use the California Ocean Plan Amendment's preferred subsurface intake and blended brine discharge. Water is sourced from subsurface intake (slant) wells proposed at Doheny State Beach, which is the environmentally preferred technology because they are fully buried beneath the ocean floor to protect marine life. Brine, the saltwater left over from the desalination process, will be co-mingled with treated wastewater in an existing outfall pipe (San Juan Outfall) and discharged two miles out into the ocean.

6.7.2 Groundwater Desalination
There are limited brackish groundwater opportunities within the City's service area. The City's Groundwater Supply and Management Study from 1987 has identified small pockets of groundwater in the Prima Deshecha Canada and Segunda Deshecha Canada sub-basins. Due to the low yield and potential for salt-water intrusion, the City has yet to consider these sources of groundwater.

6.8 Water Exchanges and Transfers

6.8.1 Existing Exchanges and Transfers
The City maintains interconnections with the SMWD and SCWD. It also maintains an emergency interconnection with IRWD through their 2008 Emergency Interconnect Agreement with participating south Orange County water agencies, which allows the City to access IRWD water supplies, including north Orange County groundwater, when available in times of water shortages or other regional supply challenges.
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6.8.2 Planned and Potential Exchanges and Transfers
The City does not currently have plans to introduce new exchanges and transfers. However, MWDOC continues to help its retail agencies develop transfer and exchange opportunities that promote reliability within their systems. Therefore, MWDOC will look to help its retail agencies navigate the operational and administrative issues of transfers within the MET distribution system.

6.9 Future Water Projects
The City has identified the following future water supply projects, which are further summarized in Table 6.13:

Recycled Water Expansion Project – Installation of 330 feet of distribution pipeline to expand recycled water service within a homeowner's association (HOA) residential area. Expected increase in recycled water use of 11 AFY.

MF/RO Recycled Water Upgrade – Construction of an MF/RO treatment plant to provide reduction in TDS of treated wastewater stored in Trampas Canyon reservoir for later recycled water use. The project is a partnership between the City and SMWD that is expected to provide 2,195 AFY of additional recycled water for SMWD by 2030.

Table 6.13 Submittal Table 6-7 Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs Submittal Table 6-7 Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs Water Code Section 10631 (f)
Name of Future
Projects or
Programs
Joint Project with other
suppliers? Additional
Description
(as needed)
Water Type
(after
treatment if
treated)
Planned
Implementation
Year
Planned
for Use in
Year Type
Expected
Increase in
Water
Supply to
Supplier
(yes/no)
If Yes,
Supplier
Name
Recycled water
expansion
project
No Expansion for
HOA Non-Potable 2026 All Year Types 11
MF/RO recycled
water upgrade Yes SMWD Non-Potable 2030 All Year Types 2,195 NOTES:

The City anticipates water demand in the City to remain relatively constant over the next 25 years. Any additional water supplies that may be developed would primarily serve to provide a redundant or more cost-effective source of water. Alternatively, the City plans to focus its capital project efforts on better managing water conveyance, improving yields from its own existing sources, and replacing or repairing existing infrastructure.

The projects that have been identified by the City to improve the City's water supply reliability and enhance the operations of the City include facilities projects such as filter plant and pump station rehabilitation, replacement and construction of new pump stations, dead end water system improvements, meter replacements, vault lid replacement at the Avenida Columbo Pressure Reducing Station, updates to the water and sewer standards, water system rehabilitation and an air-vac replacement 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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program. Projects identified in the City's Capital Improvement Program include those listed below. For the full list of projects, refer to the City's Capital Improvement Program.

Well Filter Plant Rehabilitation - This plant treats water from Wells 6 and 8 for iron and manganese.

Upgrades for the filter plant are being designed with an anticipated completion in 2027.

Pico Booster Pump Station Pump Replacement - This pump conveys water from the Reservoir 11 subzone. Reservoir 11A was constructed for potable water and Reservoir 11 was converted to recycled water storage. The pumps will be replaced to improve pumping efficiency and reduce power consumption. The design phase of the project is completed, and construction is anticipated in the next two years.

Calle Real Pump Station Rehabilitation – The project has been awarded and is awaiting scheduling.

Construction anticipated to begin in spring 2026. The upgraded station will pump water to Reservoir No. 10 and will provide system redundancy for improved reliability in the event of an unplanned outage.

Reeves Pump Station (New Pump Station) – The design has been completed and is awaiting bidding. It is anticipated to begin construction in FY 2027. The pump station will improve hydraulics to Reservoir 7 and system redundancy during emergency events or outages.

Costero Risco Pressure Reducing Station Rehabilitation – The project has been awarded, and is awaiting scheduling. The Costero Risco Pressure Reducing Station Vault has been experiencing excessive lateral pressures from the slope above and is in need of replacement. The project proposes to install a new concrete vault in the same location with improved subsurface drainage as well as constructing shoring behind the vault.

Dead End Water System Improvements – There are several locations throughout the City's potable water distribution system where the water mains "dead-end," not allowing this water to cycle through the water distribution system. By installing a fire hydrant or blow off at the dead-ends, operators will be able to flush the stagnated water out of the system. This will allow the Utilities Department to more effectively maintain the water quality throughout the potable water distribution system.

Reservoir 5 and 5A - The reservoirs are near the end of their useful life. Planning has begun to design and replace the reservoirs at the site, with anticipated construction to begin in 2030.

6.10 Energy Intensity
The City owns and operates a water distribution system and a wastewater collection system. This section reports the energy intensity for each system using data from FY 2025. Water and energy resources are inextricably connected. Known as the "water-energy nexus", the California Energy Commission estimates the transport and treatment of water, treatment and disposal of wastewater, and the energy used to heat and consume water account for nearly 20 percent of the total electricity and 30 percent of non-power plant related natural gas consumed in California. In 2015, California issued new rules requiring 50 percent of its power to come from renewables, along with a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. Consistent with energy and water conservation, renewable energy production, and GHG mitigation initiatives, the City reports the energy intensity of its water and wastewater operations.
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The methodology for calculating water energy intensity outlined in Appendix O of the UWMP Guidebook was adapted from the California Institute for Energy Efficiency exploratory research study titled "Methodology for Analysis of the Energy Intensity of California's Water Systems" (Wilkinson 2000).

The study defines water energy intensity as the total amount of energy, calculated on a whole‐system basis, required for the use of a given amount of water in a specific location. UWMP reporting is limited to available energy intensity information associated with water processes occurring within an urban water supplier's direct operational control. Operational control is defined as authority over normal business operations at the operational level. Any energy embedded in water supplies imparted by an upstream water supplier (e.g., water wholesaler) or consequently by a downstream water purveyor (e.g., retail water provider) is not included in the UWMP energy intensity tables. The City's calculations conform to methodologies outlined in the UWMP Guidebook and Wilkinson study.

6.10.1 Water Supply Energy Intensity
In FY 2025, the City consumed 1143.4 kilowatt-hour (kWh) per million gallons (MG) for water delivery (Table 6.14). The basis for calculations is provided in more detail in the following subsections. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Table 6.14 Optional Submittal Table O-1A: Energy Efficiency Reporting Optional Submittal Table O-1A: Recommended Energy Reporting - SINGLE DELIVERY PRODUCT - WATER SUPPLY PROCESS APPROACH Water Delivery
Product
Retail Potable
Deliveries Only for Water Delivery Products Under the Urban Water Supplier's Operational Control Start Date of Reporting
Period 7/1/2024
Water Management Process Non-Consequential
Hydropower
End Date of Reporting
Period 6/30/2025
Is upstream embedded
energy included in the
values reported?
No
Units for
Water
Volume
Extract
and
Divert
Place
into
Storage
Conveyance Treatment Distribution Total
Utility Hydropower Net Utility
Volume of Water Entering Process AF 0 6,734 6,734 6,734 Energy Consumed (kWh) N/A 0 2,508,785 2,508,785 2,508,785 Energy Intensity (kWh/vol. converted to
MG) N/A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,143 1,143 0.0 1,143
Quantity of Self-Generated Renewable Energy
0 kWh
Data Quality (Estimate, Metered Data, Combination of Estimates and Metered Data) Metered Data
Data Quality Narrative:

Volume of Water Entering Process: Distribution data based on MWDOC Compiled Water Audits "Authorized-Consumption." Non-Revenue Water is not considered in this calculation - the energy efficiency is based on water delivered to customers.

Energy Consumed: Based on meter data.

Narrative:

The City of San Clemente relies on imported water and recycled water to meet its customers' water needs. Operational control is limited to potable water booster stations.
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6.10.1.1 Operational Control and Reporting Period
As described throughout the report, the City is a retail agency that relies on groundwater and imported water. Water supply energy intensity was calculated for the 2025 fiscal year. This is a standard for energy and GHG reporting to the Climate Registry, California Air Resources Board and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Calendar year reporting provides consistency when assessing direct and indirect energy consumption within a larger geographical context, as fiscal year starting dates can vary between utilities and organizations.

6.10.1.2 Volume of Water Entering Processes
Water volume is based on water audit data. The Extracted volume is based on the "Volume from Own Sources" data point while water deliveries are based on "Authorized Consumption." This calculation excludes water losses so that the final energy intensity is based on the water that is actually delivered to customers.

6.10.1.3 Energy Consumption and Generation
According to San Diego Gas & Electric bills, pump stations along the distribution system consumed 2,508,785 kWh of electricity. Currently, the City does not generate renewable energy. Energy consumption is based on metered data.

6.10.2 Wastewater and Recycled Water Energy Intensity
In FY 2025, the City consumed 3,222 kWh per AF for wastewater collection and treatment services (Table 6.15). The wastewater system in turn provided the water consumed by the recycled water system.

The basis for calculations is provided in more detail in the following subsections. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Table 6.15 Optional Submittal Table O-2: Energy Efficiency – Wastewater and Recycled Water Optional Submittal Table O-2: Recommended Energy Reporting - WASTEWATER AND RECYCLED WATER Start Date of Reporting Period 7/1/2024 Only for Water Delivery Products Under the End Date of Reporting Period 6/30/2025 Urban Water Supplier's Operational Control Is upstream embedded energy in the values reported? No Water Management Process Units of Measure for Water (AF) Total
Volume of Wastewater Entering Process (volume units selected above) 3,806 Wastewater Energy Consumed (kWh) 3,995,811
Wastewater Energy Intensity (kWh/volume) 3,222
Volume of Recycled Water Entering Process (volume units selected above) 765 Recycled Water Energy Consumed (kWh) 1,184,345
Recycled Water Energy Intensity (kWh/volume converted to MG) 4,751 Quantity of Self-Generated Renewable Energy related to recycled water and wastewater operations 0 kWh
Data Quality
Combination of Estimates and Metered Data
Data Quality Narrative:

The volume of wastewater entering the process is obtained through meter readings. All wastewater is treated at the City's Wastewater Treatment Plant and then a portion enters the recycled water system while the rest outfalls to the ocean. Energy consumed is based on metered data.

Narrative:

San Clemente operates the local wastewater collection system as well as a Water Reclamation Plant. Water treated at the reclamation plant is delivered to customers for use in irrigation. The volume of recycled water entering the system is based on metered deliveries to clients. Assuming the rest of the collected wastewater is discharged, we can then calculate the volume of wastewater that is discharged. Energy use at the Water Reclamation Plant is assumed to be 73% for wastewater, 25% for recycled water, and 2% for administrative use.
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6.10.2.1 Operational Control and Reporting Period
The City's existing sewer system is made up of a network of gravity sewers, 12 sewer lift stations, and a Water Reclamation Plant. Water treated at the Water Reclamation Plant either enters the recycled water system or proceeds to an ocean outfall. Similar to the water supply energy intensity, wastewater energy intensity was calculated for the 2025 fiscal year.

6.10.2.2 Volume of Wastewater Entering Processes
In FY 2025, the City collected and conveyed 3,806 AF of wastewater based on metered data. This water was treated at the Water Reclamation Plant and 765 AF of recycled water was produced and distributed to customers, resulting in 3,041 AF of wastewater discharged to the ocean outfall. The volume of recycled water delivered is based on data from customer meters.

6.10.2.3 Energy Consumption and Generation
According to San Diego Gas & Electric bills, the City's wastewater lift stations consumed 898,701 kWh of electricity. The City-owned Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) consumed 4,253,104 kWh of electricity which includes wastewater treatment, recycled water treatment and most recycled water distribution. The proportion of energy usage at the WRP is estimated to be approximately 73 percent for wastewater, 25 percent for recycled water, and 2 percent for administrative. Therefore, energy consumed is estimated at 3,097,110 kWh for wastewater and 1,063,276 kWh for recycled water at the WRP. Two additional pump stations are used to pump recycled water, and they consumed 121,069 kWh in FY2025. Total energy consumption was 3,995,110 kWh for wastewater and 1,184,345 kWh for recycled water in FY 2025.

Currently, the City does not generate renewable energy. Energy consumption data was based on metered data.

6.10.3 Key Findings and Next Steps
Calculating and disclosing direct operationally controlled energy intensities is another step towards understanding the water-energy nexus. However, much work is still needed to better understand upstream and downstream (indirect) water-energy impacts. When assessing water supply energy intensities or comparing intensities between providers, it is important to consider reporting boundaries as they do not convey the upstream embedded energy or impacts energy intensity has on downstream users. Engaging one's upstream and downstream supply chain can guide more informed decisions that holistically benefit the environment and are mutually beneficial to engaged parties. Suggestions for further study include:
 Supply-chain engagement – The City relies on a variety of water sources for their customers. While some studies have used life cycle assessment tools to estimate energy intensities, there is a need to confirm this data. The 2025 UWMP requirement for all agencies to calculate energy intensity will help the City and neighboring agencies make more informed decisions that would benefit the region as a whole regarding the energy and water nexus. A similar analysis could be performed with upstream supply chain energy, for example, with State Project Water.  Internal benchmarking and goal setting – With a focus on energy conservation and a projected increase in water demand despite energy conservation efforts, the City's energy intensities will likely 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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decrease with time. Conceivably, in a case where water demand decreases, energy intensities may rise as the energy required to pump or treat is not always proportional to water delivered. In the course of exploring the water-energy nexus and pursuing renewable energy goals, there is a need to assess whether energy intensity is a meaningful indicator or if it makes sense to use a different indicator to reflect the City's commitment to energy and water conservation. Current efforts could be expanded with the addition of a wastewater energy intensity evaluation.  Regional sustainability – Water and energy efficiency are two components of a sustainable future.

Efforts to conserve water and energy, however, may impact the social, environmental, and economic livelihood of the region. In addition to the relationship between water and energy, over time, it may also be important to consider and assess the connection these resources have on other aspects of a sustainable future.
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CHAPTER 7 WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY AND DROUGHT

RISK ASSESSMENT
This chapter of the Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) describes the City of San Clemente’s water service reliability assessment for three long-term hydrological conditions: a normal year, a single dry year, and a drought period lasting five consecutive years. The Drought Risk Assessment assesses water supply reliability during a severe drought lasting the next five consecutive years, from 2026 to 2030. Factors affecting reliability, such water quality, regulations and climate change, are also summarized in this assessment of reliability.

7.1 Water Service Reliability Overview
As part of the UWMP, every urban water supplier is required to assess the reliability of their water service to its customers under a normal year, a single dry year, and multiple dry years. The City of San Clemente’s water sources are from local groundwater, recycled water, and imported water purchased from the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC). MWDOC is one of 26 member agencies of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), which imports water from the Colorado River through its own Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA) and from Northern California through the California Aqueduct managed by the State Water Project (SWP).

MET has also invested in numerous programs and projects to augment its direct deliveries of imported water such as water transfers, groundwater banking, and use of its reservoir storage as summarized in Chapter 6.

Local groundwater in the San Mateo Basin unadjudicated, and is low priority, therefore, a formal management plan does not exist. However, the City of San Clemente worked with Dudek to prepare a Water Well Aquifer study in 2015 to evaluate the Basin’s water quality and City’s wells’ production operations. The Basin has recharge areas along San Mateo Creek, downgradient from drinking water supply wells (DWR, 2019b). Likewise MET has also invested in numerous programs and projects to augment its direct deliveries of imported water such as water transfers, groundwater banking, and use of its reservoir storage as summarized in Chapter 6. MET’s draft 2025 UWMP demonstrates that MET will be able to meet its projected water demands for the next 25 years under normal, dry and multiple dry year conditions (MET, 2025).

In 2025, all water agencies in Orange County, in collaboration with their wholesalers, MWDOC and OCWD, developed a water demand forecast model for their service areas that estimated water demand at the individual retail water agency level. The demand model statistically correlates municipal and industrial (M&I) water use with demographic, socioeconomic, conservation, and weather variables as reported in the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model TM (MWDOC, 2025). Because the model isolates weather, future water demand can be estimated under single and multiple-year droughts and under future climate change scenarios. The model used a 33-year dataset (1991-2024) to estimate demand under average (normal), single-dry year, and five consecutive dry years hydrologic conditions. Correlation coefficients between demand, temperature, and precipitation were applied to the hottest and driest 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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historical sequences to calculate high-demand scenarios, which were expressed as scaling factors relative to the 33-year average demand.

Table 7.1 Optional Submittal Table 7-1 Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) OPTIONAL Submittal Table 7-1 Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) Year Type
Base Year
If not using a
calendar year, type
in the last year of
the fiscal, water
year, or range of
years, for example,
water year 2024-
2025, use 2025
Available Supplies if
Year Type Repeats
Check the box if quantification of available supplies is not compatible with this table and is provided elsewhere in the UWMP.

Location: [insert location from UWMP]
Quantification of available supplies is provided in this table as either volume only, percent only, or both.

Volume Available
% of Average Supply
Average Year 1991-2024 100%
Single-Dry Year 2014 106%
Consecutive Dry Years 1st Year 1991-2024 106%
Consecutive Dry Years 2nd Year 1991-2024 112%
Consecutive Dry Years 3rd Year 1991-2024 113%
Consecutive Dry Years 4th Year 1991-2024 115%
Consecutive Dry Years 5th Year 1991-2024 117%

7.2 Factors Affecting Water Supply Reliability
To prepare realistic water supply reliability assessments, various factors affecting reliability were considered. These include climate change and environmental requirements, regulatory changes, water quality impacts, and locally applicable criteria. In May 2025, DWR published a technical addendum to the 2023 State Water Project Delivery Capability Report (DCR) describing the impact of subsidence to future SWP deliveries. The study showed that SWP deliveries could be reduced by future subsidence. DWR recommends using the 2025 DCR to support long-term planning efforts because DWR has planned nearterm fixes and is committed to restore the conveyance capacity of the California Aqueduct. MET will continue to stay informed and incorporate any suitable subsidence modeling in the future.

7.2.1 Climate Change and the Environment
Changing climate patterns are expected to shift precipitation patterns and affect water supply availability.

Unpredictable weather patterns will make water supply planning more challenging. Although climate change impacts are associated with exact timing, magnitude, and regional impacts of these temperature and precipitation changes, researchers have identified several areas of concern for California water planners (CAMP4W, 2025). These areas include:
 A reduction in Sierra Nevada Mountain snowpack.
 Extreme heat threatens both infrastructure and the health and safety of human lives.  Prolonged drought periods.
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 Water quality issues associated with increase in wildfires.  Rising sea levels resulting in:
» Impacts to coastal groundwater basins due to seawater intrusion. » Increased risk of damage from storms, high-tide events, and the erosion of levees. » Potential pumping cutbacks to the SWP and Central Valley Project (CVP).

Other important issues of concern due to global climate change include:
 Effects on local supplies such as groundwater.
 Changes in urban and agricultural demand levels and patterns.  Alterations to power generation and pumping regime.
 Increases in ocean algal blooms affected seawater desalination supplies.

The major impact in California is that without additional surface storage, winter snowpack retaining water storage in the mountains will not last resulting in more water being lost to the oceans.

Without additional surface storage, earlier and heavier runoff will flow to the ocean instead of being held as mountain snowpack, causing California to lose more water. California therefore needs to place a strong emphasis on expanding storage.

As described in Chapter 6, the Colorado River Basin supplies have been inconsistent since about the year 2000, with precipitation near normal while runoff has been less than average in two out of every three years. Climate models are predicting a continuation of this pattern whereby hotter and drier weather conditions will result in continuing lower runoff, pushing the system toward a drying trend that is often characterized as long-term drought.

Dramatic swings in annual hydrologic conditions have affected water supplies available from the SWP over the last decade. The declining ecosystem in the Delta has also led to a reduction in water supply deliveries, and operational constraints will likely continue until a long-term solution to these problems is identified and implemented (MET, 2025).

Climate change is also projected to impact future water demands. The 2025 Orange County Water Demand Model TM developed a sensitivity for the water demand forecast based on using future climate variables from a subset of 15 downscaled global climate models (GCMs) from the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Future weather variables under two climate scenarios were substituted for baseline historical average weather, with the results indicating that projected water demands under one to five consecutive dry years could be 5 percent to 17 percent greater than baseline demands (MWDOC, 2025).

7.2.2 Regulatory and Legal
Ongoing regulatory restrictions, such as those imposed by the Biological Opinions (BiOps) on the effects of SWP and the federal CVP operations on certain marine life, also contribute to the challenge of determining water delivery reliability. Endangered species protection and conveyance needs in the Delta have resulted in operational constraints that are particularly important because pumping restrictions impact many water resources programs – SWP supplies and additional voluntary transfers, Central Valley storage and transfers, and in-region groundwater and surface water storage. BiOps protect special-status species listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and imposed 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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substantial constraints on Delta water supply operations through requirements for Delta inflow and outflow and export pumping restrictions.

In addition, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) has set water quality objectives that must be met by the SWP including minimum Delta outflows, limits on SWP and CVP Delta exports, and maximum allowable salinity level. SWRCB has implemented the new Lower San Joaquin River flow objectives from the Phase 1 Delta Plan amendments through adjudicatory (water rights) and regulatory (water quality) processes. The Lower San Joaquin River flow objectives are estimated to reduce water available for municipal water use. New litigation, listings of additional species under the ESA, or regulatory requirements imposed by the SWRCB could further adversely affect SWP operations in the future by requiring additional export reductions, releases of additional water from storage, or other operational changes impacting water supply operations.

The Colorado River 2007 Interim Guidelines governing the Lower Basin water supply shortages and the operations of Lakes Mead and Powell are set to expire in 2026, and new operating guidelines will need to be developed for 2027 and beyond. At the time of this 2025 UWMP, negotiations over the successor post-2026 guidelines are ongoing and the outcome is highly uncertain. It is anticipated that California will likely be required to reduce its supplies from the Colorado River, on average, under the new guidelines, and that as the junior priority, MET is at risk. A final EIS with a Selected Alternative is expected in the summer of 2026 with a record of decision to follow.

The difficulty and implications of environmental review, documentation, and permitting pose challenges for multi-year transfer agreements, recycled water projects, and seawater desalination plants. The timeline and roadmap for getting a permit for recycled water projects are challenging and inconsistently implemented in different regions of the state. Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR) projects face regulatory restraints such as treatment, blend water, retention time, and Basin Plan Objectives, which may limit how much recycled water can feasibly be recharged into the groundwater basins. New regulations and permitting uncertainty are also barriers to seawater desalination supplies, including updated Ocean Plan Regulations, Marine Life Protected Areas, and Once-Through Cooling Regulations (MET, 2025).

7.2.3 Water Quality
The following sub-section describes the water quality of the region’s water supplies and the measures being taken to continue to deliver high-quality drinking water that meets federal and state regulations.

7.2.3.1 Imported Water
MET is responsible for providing high quality potable water throughout its service area. Over 250,000 water quality tests are performed per year on MET’s water to test for regulated contaminants and additional contaminants of concern to monitor the safety of its waters (MET, 2025). MET’s supplies originate primarily from the CRA and from the SWP. A blend of these two sources, proportional to each year’s availability of the source, is then delivered throughout MET’s service area.

Although the CRA and SWP have different water quality characteristics, MET has implemented effective treatment and management strategies to maintain high-quality water. The CRA water source contains higher total dissolved solids (TDS) and the SWP contains higher levels of naturally-occurring organic matter, lending to the formation of disinfection byproducts. To remediate the CRA’s high level of salinity and the SWP’s high level of organic matter, MET blends CRA and SWP supplies and has upgraded all its 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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treatment facilities to include ozone treatment processes. In addition, MET has been engaged in efforts to protect its Colorado River supplies from threats of uranium, perchlorate, and chromium VI while also investigating the potential water quality impact of the following emerging contaminants:

N-nitrosodimethylamine, (NDMA) pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP), microplastics, perand polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and 1,4-dioxane (MET, 2025).

PFAS is a group of widely used man-made “forever chemicals” that include both perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). MET has voluntarily monitored PFAS in its source and treated waters since 2017. Most samples have shown non-detect (ND) for all tested PFAS, including PFOA and PFOS. A limited number of other PFAS—such as PFHxA, PFBA, PFPeA, PFDoA, PFTA, and PFBS, have been detected only at trace levels below their method detection limits. PFOA and PFOS have not been detected in Metropolitan’s imported or treated water supplies. Some member agencies, however, have detected these compounds in local groundwater wells, which may require treatment or source management to comply with emerging Division of Drinking Water (DDW) regulations. As DDW and U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establish enforceable maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for PFOA and PFOS, some agencies may supplement their local supplies with increased purchases of Metropolitan water (MET, 2025).

EPA finalized the first national drinking water standards for six PFAS compounds in April 2024. These standards include enforceable MCLs for PFOA and PFOS set at 4 parts per trillion (ppt). In May 2025 the EPA announced that it would extend the compliance deadline for PFOA and PFOS from 2029 to 2031 to provide additional time for testing, planning, and installation of treatment technologies. While MET and its member agencies continue to monitor and test PFAS in imported and local sources, the delay in the federal compliance date allows additional time to evaluate treatment options, coordinate funding, and plan system upgrades necessary to meet forthcoming federal PFAS standards.

The presence of quagga mussels in water sources is a water quality concern. Quagga mussels are an invasive species that was first discovered in 2007 at Lake Mead, on the Colorado River. This species of mussels forms massive colonies in short periods of time, disrupting ecosystems and blocking water intakes. They can cause significant disruption and damage to water distribution systems. MET has had success in controlling the spread and impacts of the quagga mussels within the CRA; however, the future could require more extensive maintenance and reduced operational flexibility than current operations allow. It also resulted in MET eliminating deliveries of CRA water into Diamond Valley Lake (DVL) to keep the reservoir free from quagga mussels (MET, 2025).

In addition, Golden Mussels, another invasive species capable of disrupting pipelines and altering ecosystems, were detected in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta in October 2024 and are now spreading through the SWP. These mussels pose similar concerns due to their ability to obstruct raw water conveyance facilities and negatively affect aquatic environments. Although their presence does not typically result in violations of drinking water standards, unmanaged infestations can degrade habitats, clog infrastructure, and reduce the aesthetic and recreational value of lakes and reservoirs. State and regional agencies continue to monitor golden mussel movement and evaluate appropriate response strategies to limit their spread (MET, 2025).

7.2.3.2 Groundwater
Groundwater is a reliable component of the water supply for Orange County. The basin supports a significant portion of the region’s water demands and is monitored through an extensive network of 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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production, monitoring, and recharge wells that provide data on water levels and water quality conditions across the aquifer system.

San Mateo Valley Groundwater Basin
This San Mateo Valley Groundwater Basin underlies San Mateo Valley and Christianitos Canyon in northwestern Orange County and southeastern San Diego County. This basin is also known as Bulletin 118 Basin No. 9-002 and is classified by California Department of Water Resources (DWR) as a very low priority basin under Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), therefore not requiring a Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) nor an Alternative Plan. It should be noted that this basin is distinct from the San Mateo Groundwater Basin in northern California.

Current and historical data from Well 6 indicates that it consistently produces relatively good quality water that is not affected by saline water. It does not exhibit ion ratios or analyte concentrations that are indicative of saline water intrusion, even with levels of chloride and TDS that have slightly varied over time (Dudek, 2015).

In Well 8, salinity and chloride in the water produced increased from 2009 to 2012. The City’s Water Well Aquifer Study concluded that the salinity of water produced by the well increased as cumulative production increased and that there may be evidence of incipient seawater intrusion in the deeper portion of the well and at the bottom of the upper screened interval. However, water quality improved when pumping stopped as upgradient water from the east moved into the well area. The source of the incipient saline water is currently unknown (Dudek, 2015).

A recently completed capital improvement project sealed off the lower levels of the screened area in Well No. 8 to improve water quality. The improvement should improve water quality and potentially increase annual production within the well. In addition, the City rehabilitated Well No. 5 and Calafia Well for the purpose of utilizing the wells for monitoring the water quality within the aquifer.

7.2.4 Locally Applicable Criteria
Within Orange County, there are no significant local applicable criteria that directly affect reliability. Over the years, the water agencies in Orange County have made tremendous efforts to integrate their systems to provide flexibility for interchanging with different sources of supply. There are emergency agreements in place to provide adequate supply of water in all parts of the County. For the agencies in south Orange County, most of their demands are met with imported water, and their limitations are based on the capacity of their systems, which are very robust. However, if a major earthquake on the San Andreas Fault occurs, it can potentially be damaging to key water aqueducts and disrupt imported supplies to the entire Southern California for up to six months. The MET region would likely require a water-use reduction of 10 to 25% until the system is repaired. However, MET has taken proactive steps to handle such disruption, such as constructing DVL, which mitigates potential impacts. DVL, along with other local reservoirs, can store a six to twelve-month supply of emergency water (MET, 2025).

7.3 Water Service Reliability Assessment
This section assesses the reliability of San Clemente’s water service to its customers. This is completed by comparing the projected long-term water demand (Chapter 4) to the projected water supply sources 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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available to San Clemente (Chapter 6), in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years.

7.3.1 Normal Year Reliability
In 2025, MWDOC and OCWD in collaboration with Orange County retail agencies, developed water demand forecast models for individual retail water agencies in Orange County, as described in detail in Chapter 4. This 25-year demand forecast uses statistical models to account for demographic, socioeconomic, conservation, and weather variables (MWDOC, 2025). For normal year reliability, the demand forecast represents average weather conditions.

San Clemente is 100 percent reliable for normal year demands from 2025 through 2050. San Clemente receives imported water from MWDOC via connection to MET's regional distribution system. Although pipeline and connection capacity rights do not guarantee the availability of water, they do guarantee the ability to convey water into the local system when it is available to the MET distribution system.

A comparison between the supply and demand for projected years between 2025 and 2050 is shown in Table 7.2, while a breakdown of potable and non-potable supplies is presented in Table 7.3 and 7.4, respectively. The table demonstrates that projected supplies and demands are equal in every planning year, with no anticipated surpluses or shortfalls. As stated above, the available supply will meet projected demands due to a diversified supply and conservation measures limiting and reducing imported demands in the later years. San Clemente’s supplies are provided by MWDOC and Orange County Groundwater Basin. In MWDOC’s 2025 Urban Water Management Plan, they identify their wholesale supplies as 100 percent reliable under normal-year conditions (Submittal Table 7‑2; MWDOC, 2025).

Table 7.2 Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635 (a)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Supply totals
(autofill from Submittal Table 6-9 R) 7,942 7,944 7,963 7,936 7,912 Use totals
(autofill from Submittal Table 4-2 R) 7,942 7,944 7,963 7,936 7,912 Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
NOTES: This table compares the projected demand and supply volumes determined in Sections 4.3.2 and 6.1, respectively.
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Table 7.3 Optional Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison-Potable OPTIONAL Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison - POTABLE 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Supply totals
(autofill from Submittal Table 6-9 R) 6,842 6,844 6,863 6,836 6,812 Use totals
(autofill from Submittal Table 4-2 R) 6,842 6,844 6,863 6,836 6,812 Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
NOTES:

Table 7.4 Optional Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison-Non-Potable OPTIONAL Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison -

NON-POTABLE
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Supply totals
(autofill from Submittal Table 6-9 R) 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 Use totals
(autofill from Submittal Table 4-2 R) 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
NOTES: This table compares the projected demand and supply volumes determined in Sections 4.3.2 and 6.1, respectively.

7.3.2 Single Dry Year Reliability
A single dry year is defined as a single year of minimal to no rainfall within a period where average precipitation is expected to occur. Orange County’s water demand projection model (described in Chapter 4), isolated the impacts that weather and future climate can have on water demand through the use of a statistical model. The impacts of hot/dry weather conditions are reflected as a percentage increase in water demands from the normal year condition. For a single dry year condition (FY 2013-14), the model projects a six percent increase in demand for San Clemente’s service area (MWDOC, 2025).

Detailed information of the model is included in Appendix H.

San Clemente’s has documented that it is 100 percent reliable for single dry year demands from 2025 through 2050. As shown in Table 7.5, projected single dry year supplies and demands are equal from 2030 to 2050, resulting in no anticipated shortages. This assessment incorporates a six percent increase in demand above normal-year levels and shows the significant reserves and conservation measures available within MET.
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Table 7.5 Submittal Table 7-3 Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison Submittal Table 7-3 Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635(a)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Supply totals 8,425 8,428 8,448 8,419 8,393
Use totals 8,425 8,428 8,448 8,419 8,393
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
NOTES: The single dry year projections estimate a 6% increase on imported M&I demand.

7.3.3 Multiple Dry Years Reliability
Multiple dry years are defined as five or more consecutive dry years with minimal rainfall within a period of average precipitation. Orange County’s water demand projection model (described in Chapter 4) isolated the impacts that weather and future climate can have on water demand through the use of a statistical model. The impacts of hot/dry weather conditions are reflected as a percentage increase in water demands from the normal year condition. During multiple dry years, the UWMP applies dry-year adjustment factors to reflect future climate conditions and retail level water demand. These increase 6 percent in single-dry and first multiple-dry year, going up to 12, 13, 15, and 17 percent in subsequent drought years, relative to average-year demand (see Table 7.1) (MWDOC, 2025). Rather than repeating the single-dry-year factor for all five years, the five-year multi-dry-year scenario applies the year-specific dry-year adjustment factors for each consecutive year, reflecting the increasing impacts of extended drought.

San Clemente has demonstrated that its water supplies remain fully reliable throughout a five‑consecutive‑year dry period from 2025 through 2050. Even assuming a conservative demand increase of 6 to 17 percent per year over five consecutive years, San Clemente is capable of meeting all customers’ demands from 2025 through 2050 (Table 7.6), with significant reserves held by MET and conservation.

The table includes treated and untreated water from MET for M&I and non-M&I demands. The multiple dry-year projections estimate a six percent increase on imported M&I demand. The 2030 column assesses supply and demand for FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30; the 2035 column assesses FY 2030-31 through FY 2034-35 and so forth, to end the water service reliability assessment in FY 2045-50.

Table 7.6 Submittal Table 7-4 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison Submittal Table 7-4 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635(a)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
First year
Supply totals 8,425 8,428 8,448 8,419 8,393
Use totals 8,425 8,428 8,448 8,419 8,393
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
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Submittal Table 7-4 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635(a)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Second year
Supply totals 8,891 8,894 8,915 8,885 8,857
Use totals 8,891 8,894 8,915 8,885 8,857
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Third year
Supply totals 8,946 8,949 8,970 8,940 8,912
Use totals 8,946 8,949 8,970 8,940 8,912
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Fourth year
Supply totals 9,115 9,118 9,140 9,109 9,081
Use totals 9,115 9,118 9,140 9,109 9,081
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Fifth year
Supply totals 9,270 9,273 9,295 9,264 9,235
Use totals 9,270 9,273 9,295 9,264 9,235
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
NOTES: The 2030 column assesses supply and demand for FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30; the 2035 column assesses FY 2030-31 through FY 2034-35 and so forth, in order to end the water service reliability assessment in FY 2049-50.

7.4 Management Tools and Options
Existing and planned water management tools and options that seek to maximize local resources and results in minimizing the need to import water are described below.  Reduced Delta Reliance: Both MWDOC and MET have demonstrated consistency with Reduced Reliance on the Delta Through Improved Regional Water Self-Reliance (Delta Plan policy WR P1) by reporting the expected outcomes for measurable reductions in supplies from the Delta. MET has improved its self-reliance through methods including water use efficiency, water recycling, stormwater capture and reuse, advanced water technologies, conjunctive use projects, local and regional water supply and storage programs, and other programs and projects. Similarly, Orange County water agencies have further invested in water use efficiency, local water supply projects, and advanced water technologies to increase regional self-reliance. In the near term (2030), regional self-reliance during a normal water year for the entire MET service area is projected to increase by approximately 601 TAF compared to the 2010 baseline, an improvement equal to nearly 20 percent of projected 2030 retail demands. Looking ahead to 2050, normal year regional self-reliance is expected to grow by more than 1.0 MAF above the 2010 baseline, representing an increase of roughly 20 percent of projected 2050 retail demands (MET, 2025).
 Groundwater storage and transfer programs: MET has numerous groundwater storage and transfer programs in which MET endeavors to increase the reliability of water supplies, including the Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency (AVEK) Waster Agency Exchange and Storage Program and the High Desert Water Bank Program. In addition, MET has encouraged storage through its cyclic and conjunctive use programs that allow MET to deliver water into a groundwater basin in advance of 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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agency demands, such as the Cyclic Storage Agreements under the Main San Gabriel Basin Judgement.
 MWDOC Water Loss Program: The water loss audit program reduces MWDOC’s dependency on imported water from the Delta by implementing water loss control technologies after assessing audit data and leak detection.
 Implementation of demand management measures during dry periods: During dry periods, water reduction methods to be applied to the public through the retail agencies, will in turn reduce MWDOC’s overall demands on MET and reliance on local and imported water. San Clemente met its conservation target of 20 percent by 2020 as part of the Orange County Regional Alliance as well as individually.

7.5 Drought Risk Assessment
California Water Code (CWC) Section 10635(b) requires every urban water supplier to include, as part of DRA for its water service as part of information considered in developing its demand management measures and water supply projects and programs. The DRA is a specific planning action that assumes San Clemente is experiencing a drought over the next five years and addresses water supply reliability in the context of presumed drought conditions. Together, the water service reliability assessment, DRA, and Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) allow San Clemente to have a comprehensive picture of its short-term and long-term water service reliability and to identify the tools to address any perceived or actual shortage conditions.

CWC Section 10612 requires the DRA to be based on the driest five-year historical sequence for San Clemente’s water supply. However, CWC Section 10635 also requires that the analysis consider plausible changes on projected supplies and demands due to climate change, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.

The following sections describe the methodology and results from San Clemente’s DRA.

7.5.1 Methodology
As described in more detail in Chapter 4, the water demand forecasting model prepared for San Clemente isolated the impacts that weather and future climate can have on water demand through the use of an econometric model. In addition to weather related factors, the model incorporates explanatory variables that influence both historical and projected water use, including water price, gross domestic product, median household income, housing density, persons per household, households per account, sectoral employment mix (for Commercial, Industrial, Institutional demand), seasonal patterns, historical conservation trends, drought restrictions, and COVID19 behavioral effects. These variables allow the model to separately quantify how economic conditions, demographic shifts, land use characteristics, and institutional constraints affect demand across residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and irrigation sectors (MWDOC, 2025).

The impacts of hot/dry weather condition are reflected as a percentage increase in water demands from the average condition. For a single dry year condition (FY 2013-14), the model projects a six percent increase in demand for San Clemente’s service area (MWDOC, 2025). The model used a 33-year dataset (1991-2024) to estimate demand under average (normal), single-dry year, and five consecutive dry years hydrologic conditions. Correlation coefficients between demand, temperature, and precipitation were 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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applied to the hottest and driest historical sequences to calculate high-demand scenarios, which were expressed as scaling factors relative to the 33-year average demand.

For San Clemente, the five consecutive dry year demand scenario is based on the demand model’s multiple dry year methodology. In accordance with the econometric demand model approach used to develop UWMP demand projections, a single hot/dry year was first identified based on weather conditions that produced the greatest demand response. Consecutive dry years were then represented by applying incremental scaling factors to this single hot/dry year demand to account for the compounding effects of persistent warm and dry conditions over time. These scaling factors show long‑term relationships between regional water use and multi‑year temperature and precipitation deficits and are applied sequentially to simulate second through fifth consecutive dry years. This approach is consistent with the demand modeling framework summarized in Table 7.1 and 7.7.

7.5.1.1 Water Demand Characterization
All of San Clemente’s water supplies consist of groundwater from the San Mateo Groundwater Basin and purchased water from MWDOC, regardless of hydrologic conditions. As described in Chapter 6, MET’s supplies are from the Colorado River, SWP, and in-region storage. In MET’s 2025 UWMP, the Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) concluded that even without activating WSCP actions. Beyond this, MET’s DRA indicated a surplus of supplies that would be available to all of its member agencies, including MWDOC, should the need arise. Therefore, any increase in demand that is experienced in MWDOC's service area is assumed to be met by MET's water supplies.

Based on the water demand projection model discussed in more detail in Chapter 4, in a single dry year, demand is expected to increase by seven percent above a normal year (see Table 7.1). San Clemente’s DRA conservatively assumes that a drought from FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30 is based on the FY2025 normal year supply with the five-year consecutive dry year hydrology (from Table 7.1). (MWDOC, 2025).

7.5.1.2 Water Supply Characterization
San Clemente’s assumptions for its supply capabilities are discussed and presented in 5-year increments under its water reliability assessment in Section 7.3. For San Clemente’s DRA, these supply capabilities are further refined and presented annually for the years 2026 to 2030, which the Orange County Demand Model (2025) applied a historical dry-year sequence from within 1991-2024 dataset as an analog for five consecutive dry years. Groundwater is sustainably managed through the BPP and robust management measures (Section 6.3.4 and Appendix G), direct and indirect recycled water uses provide additional local supply (Section 6.6), and based on MET’s and MWDOC's UWMP, imported water is available to close any local water supply gap (Section 7.5.1). For its DRA, the model assessed the reliability of supplies available to Orange County through MET using historical supply availability under dry-year conditions.

MET’s supply sources under the CR, SWP, and in-region supply categories are individually listed and discussed in detail in MET’s UWMP. Future supply capabilities for each of these supply sources are also individually tabulated in Appendix 3 of MET’s UWMP, with consideration for plausible changes on projected supplies under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other factors. In addition, San Clemente may benefit from MET‑implemented supply augmentation actions during regional shortages. These actions are planned and exercised by MET based on regional conditions and in accordance with the Water Supply Contingency Plan (WSCP) and are not assumed as baseline or 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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guaranteed supplies for San Clemente. Such actions may include the use of supplies and storage programs within the Colorado River, SWP, and in‑region storage portfolios.

7.5.2 Total Water Supply and Use Comparison
San Clemente’s anticipated total water use and supply under a five-year drought from FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30, are compared in Table 7.7. San Clemente’s assessment reveals that its supply capabilities are expected to balance with its projected water use for the next five years, from 2026 to 2030.

Table 7.7 Submittal Table 7-5 Retail: Retail: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Submittal Table 7-5 Retail: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Water Code Section 10635(b)(3)
2026 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 8,450
Total Supplies (AF) 8,450
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
2027 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 8,917
Total Supplies (AF) 8,917
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
2028 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 8,973
Total Supplies (AF) 8,973
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
2029 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 9,143
Total Supplies (AF) 9,143
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
2030 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 9,298
Total Supplies (AF) 9,298
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0

7.5.3 Water Source Reliability
San Clemente’s water supply portfolio consists of a combination of local groundwater, direct recycled water use, and imported supplies purchased through MWDOC from MET. Local groundwater provides approximately five percent of the City’s total supply through FY 2049–50, and the City pumps within established safe-yield limits to maintain long-term Basin sustainability. Ongoing improvements to Well No. 8 and continued monitoring may support modest increases in future local production.

The City also benefits from its use of direct recycled water, which reduces demand on imported potable supplies and enhances overall reliability. Additional detail on groundwater and recycled water development is provided in Chapter 6.
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As described in the broader DRA methodology, MET projects that it can reliably meet all member agency demands, including MWDOC’s and therefore San Clemente’s, even under a five-year drought scenario from FY 2025–26 through FY 2029–30. San Clemente’s assessment shows that its available supplies are sufficient to meet projected demands during this period (Table 7.5). Should demands exceed projected levels, the City can purchase additional imported water through MWDOC as needed, ensuring continued service reliability.

As detailed in Chapter 8, San Clemente has in place a robust WSCP and comprehensive shortage response planning efforts that include demand reduction measures and supply augmentation actions. However, since San Clemente’s DRA shows a balance, no water service reliability concern is anticipated, and no shortfall mitigation measures are expected to be exercised over the next five years. San Clemente and its wholesale, MWDOC, will periodically revisit its representation of the supply sources and of the gross water use estimated for each year, and will revise the DRA if needed. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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CHAPTER 8 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY

PLANNING

8.1 Background
Water shortage contingency planning is a strategic planning process that the City of San Clemente (City) engages to prepare for and respond to water shortages. A water shortage is defined when water supply available is insufficient to meet the customer demand at a given point in time. This may occur due to water supply availability changes, water quality changes, and/or catastrophic events (e.g., earthquake). The Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP), included in Appendix F and summarized in this chapter, provides a water supply availability assessment and structured steps designed to respond to actual conditions. This level of detailed planning and preparation is intended to help maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions.

The Water Code Section 10632 requires that every urban water supplier that serves more than 3,000 acre-feet per year or has more than 3,000 connections prepare and adopt a standalone WSCP as part of its UWMP. The WSCP is required to plan for a greater than 50 percent supply shortage. The WSCP may require updating based on new DWR requirements every five years and will be adopted as a current update for submission to DWR by July 1, 2026.

8.2 Overview of the Water Shortage Contingency Plan
The WSCP serves as the operating manual that the City will use to prevent catastrophic service disruptions through proactive, rather than reactive, mitigation of water shortages. The WSCP defines the processes and procedures that would be deployed when shortage conditions arise so that the City’s governing body, its staff, and the public can easily identify and efficiently implement pre-determined steps to mitigate a water shortage to the level appropriate for the degree of water shortfall anticipated. The relationship between the three procedural documents related to planning for and responding to water shortages is graphically depicted in Figure 8.1.

Figure 8.1 Purpose and Relationships of the UWMP, WSCP, and Water Shortage Response Ordinance 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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A complete version of the City’s WSCP is provided in Appendix F and includes the steps to assess if a water shortage is occurring, and what level of demand reduction actions to trigger the most appropriate response to the water shortage conditions. The WSCP has prescriptive elements, including an analysis of water supply reliability; the drought shortage actions that align with water shortage levels that correspond to water shortage percentages ranging from 10% to greater than 50%; an estimate of potential to close supply gap for each measure; protocols and procedures to communicate identified actions for any current or predicted water shortage conditions; procedures for an annual water supply and demand assessment; monitoring and reporting requirements to determine customer compliance; and reevaluation and improvement procedures for evaluating the WSCP.

8.3 Summary of Water Shortage Response Strategy and Required DWR Tables
The WSCP is organized into the following three main sections with Section 3 aligned with the California Water Code Section 16032 requirements.
 Section 1 Introduction and WSCP Overview gives an overview of the WSCP fundamentals.  Section 2 Background Information provides a background on the City’s water service area.  Section 3 Water Shortage Contingency Preparedness and Response Planning. » Section 3.1 Water Supply Reliability Analysis provides a summary of the water supply analysis and water reliability findings from the 2025 UWMP.
» Section 3.2 Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Procedures provides a description of procedures to conduct and approve the Annual Assessment. » Section 3.3 Six Standard Water Shortage Stages explains the WSCP’s six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive ranges of up to 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and more than 50% shortages.
» Section 3.4 Shortage Response Actions describes the WSCP’s shortage response actions that align with the defined shortage levels.
» Section 3.5 Communication Protocols addresses communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and state governments, regarding any current or predicted shortages and any resulting shortage response actions. » Section 3.6 Compliance and Enforcement describes customer compliance, enforcement, appeal, and exemption procedures for triggered shortage response actions. » Section 3.7 Legal Authorities describes the legal authorities that enable the City to implement and enforce its shortage response actions.
» Section 3.8 Financial Consequences of the WSCP provides a description of the financial consequences of and responses for drought conditions.
» Section 3.9 Monitoring and Reporting describes monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data is collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance and to meet state reporting requirements. » Section 3.10 WSCP Refinement Procedures addresses reevaluation and improvement procedures for monitoring and evaluating the functionality of the WSCP. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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» Section 3.11 Special Water Feature Distinction provides a required definition for inclusion in a WSCP per the Water Code.
» Section 3.12 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Availability describes the process the City followed to adopt its WSCP.

The WSCP is based on adequate details of demand reduction and supply augmentation measures that are structured to match varying degrees of shortage will aim to make the relevant stakeholders understand what to expect during a water shortage situation. The City adopted water shortage levels consistent with the requirements identified in Water Code Section 10632 (a)(3)(A) (Table 8.1).

The five shortage levels the City uses in their water shortage planning and documented in their WSCP are compared to DWR’s six standard shortage levels in terms of percentage shortage range for each of the six levels in Table 8.1. The water supply augmentation measures that align with each agency shortage level are described in Table 8.2. This table also estimates the extent to which that action will augment supplies to reduce the gap between supplies and demands. The demand reduction action measures that align with each shortage level and how each measure will reduce the shortage gap between expected supplies and the shortage level is summarized in Table 8.3. The purpose of Table 8.2 and 8.3 are to demonstrate the results the City can expect once shortage level actions are implemented to deliver the expected outcomes necessary to meet the requirements of a given shortage level.

Table 8.1 Cross-Reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels Submittal Table 8-1: Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels Water Code Section 10632(a)(3)(B)
Check the box if the Supplier uses the Standard six levels of water shortage.

Proceed to the next table.

Standard Shortage
Levels Percent Shortage Range Suppliers Shortage Levels Percent Shortage Range 1 Up to 10% 1 – Water Watch Up to 10%
2 Up to 20% 2 – Water Alert Up to 20%
3 Up to 30% 3 – Water Warning Up to 30%
4 Up to 40% 4 – Water Shortage Up to 40%
5 Up to 50% 4 – Water Shortage Up to 50%
6 >50% 5 – Water Emergency >50%
NOTES: See full cross-reference table with San Clemente shortage levels in WSCP. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Table 8.2 Supply Augmentation and Other Actions
Submittal Table 8-2 Retail: Supply Augmentation and Other Actions Water Code Section 10632(a)(4)(A),(C) and (E)
No Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Supply Augmentation Methods
and Other Actions by Water
Supplier
Drop down list
These are the only categories that will
be accepted by the WUE data online
submittal tool
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL) Volume or
Percentage
Drop down
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
(May be a range)
(AF)
Add additional rows as needed
1 Stored Emergency Supply Percentage 0-10% Pumping of additional groundwater, within safe short-term yield limits
2 Other Purchases Percentage 11-20%
Purchase of additional water supplies
from MET/MWDOC or through
emergency agreement with IRWD
3 Other Purchases Percentage 21-30%
Purchase of additional water supplies
from MET/MWDOC or through
emergency agreement with IRWD
4 Other Purchases Percentage 31-50%
Purchase of additional water supplies
from MET/MWDOC or through
emergency agreement with IRWD
5 Other Purchases Percentage >50%
Purchase of additional water supplies
from MET/MWDOC or through
emergency agreement with IRWD
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES: Additional Imported Water Purchases to meet the supply gap may have financial ramifications per the MET's Water Supply Allocation Plan. Additional Groundwater Pumping in the Orange County Groundwater Basin is subject to OCWD's policies and may be subject to financial ramifications. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Table 8.3 Demand Reduction Actions
Submittal Table 8-3 Retail: Demand Reduction Actions
Water Code Section 10632(a)(4)(B) and (E)
No Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction Actions
Drop down list
These are the only categories that will be accepted by the WUEdata online submittal tool. Select those that apply.

How much is this going to reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL)
Penalty, Charge, or Other
Enforcement?
For Retail Suppliers Only
Drop Down List
Volume or Percentage
Drop down
Shortage Gap Reduction Value
(May be a range)
(AF)
Add additional rows as needed
0 Landscape - Prohibit certain types of landscape irrigation Statewide Prohibition is Required Watering or irrigation of nonfunctional turf on publicly owned landscapes, commercial, industrial and institutional owned landscapes, or homeowners' associations common area
landscapes is prohibited.

Yes
1 Expand Public Information Campaign Percentage 0-4% Press releases, social media posts, and/or bill messaging No 1 Implement or Modify Drought Rate Structure or
Surcharge Percentage 0-10% Variable rate surcharge Yes
2 Landscape - Limit landscape irrigation to specific days Percentage 11-15% 3 days/week Mar-Nov*; 1 day/week Dec-Feb*** Yes 2 Increase Water Waste Patrols Percentage 16-20% Recruitment of additional, temporary, and/or existing staff for increased patrols Yes
2 Implement or Modify Drought Rate Structure or
Surcharge Percentage 11-20%^ Fixed and variable rate surcharges Yes 3 Other - Prohibit use of potable water for washing hard surfaces Percentage 21-25% Yes
3 Landscape - Limit landscape irrigation to specific days Percentage 26-30% 2 days/week Mar-Nov**; 1 day/week Dec-Feb*** Yes 3 Implement or Modify Drought Rate Structure or
Surcharge Percentage >20%^ Variable rate surcharge Yes
4 Other - Prohibit vehicle washing except at facilities using recycled or recirculating water Percentage 31-35% Yes
4 Landscape - Other landscape restriction or prohibition Percentage 36-40% Potable irrigation prohibited during the months of November through March. Yes
4 Landscape - Prohibit certain types of landscape irrigation Percentage 41-45% Non-functional landscapes (i.e. with the exception of parks and golf courses) may, with notice, have potable irrigation turned off at the meter.

No
4 Other - Prohibit use of potable water for construction and dust control Percentage 46-50% No will-serve letters will be provided for potable water for use in construction. No 5 Other water feature or swimming pool restriction Percentage 51-55% Refilling of pools and spas prohibited beyond a 1-inch top off Yes 5 Landscape - Prohibit all landscape irrigation Percentage >55% Recycled water irrigation is exempt, unless otherwise directed by the City Council. Yes
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES: All shortage response actions for the prior shortage level(s) also apply to the consequent shortage level. With the exception of that for the rate surcharges which is figured as cumulative savings from implementation of prior rate surcharges only (see below), percent reduction in shortage is figured as cumulative savings from implementation of all prior shortage response actions. *Even residential addresses may run irrigation on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays; odd residential addresses may irrigate on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays; and commercial and irrigation accounts may irrigate on Sundays, Tuesdays, and Fridays. **Even residential addresses may run irrigation on Mondays and Thursdays; odd residential addresses may irrigate on Wednesdays and Saturdays; and commercial and irrigation accounts may irrigate on Tuesdays and Fridays. ***Even residential addresses may run irrigation on Mondays; odd residential addresses may irrigate on Saturdays; and commercial and irrigation accounts may irrigate on Thursdays. ^The second and third phase of demand management rates, as proposed by the current rate structure in the San Clemente Municipal Code, can be implemented by action of the City Council in addition to, or in lieu of, other proposed demand reduction actions. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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CHAPTER 9 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
Over the past several decades, water use efficiency and conservation have evolved from voluntary best practices into core regulatory requirements shaping urban water management throughout California and Orange County. In response to recurring droughts, growing urban demand, and increasing competition for limited water supplies, the California Urban Water Conservation Council (CUWCC) was formed in 1991 to promote statewide cooperation on urban water conservation. Through the development and implementation of the CUWCC Best Management Practices, water agencies established a consistent, voluntary framework for improving efficiency through locally tailored programs. This early foundation was later strengthened by legislative actions, most notably Senate Bill (SB) X7-7, the Water Conservation Act of 2009, which set enforceable urban water use reduction targets to cut per capita use by 20 percent by 2020 and required retail water suppliers to actively manage demand as part of long-term water planning. All Orange County water agencies came together to create the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance and met compliance as a region. The City of San Clemente (City) also met compliance individually. These efforts reflected a growing recognition that efficient water use is essential to ensuring reliability amid population growth, limited supplies, and increasing climate variability.

Recurring drought conditions have further accelerated the pace and scale of conservation efforts in the last decade. The 2013–2014 drought prompted a statewide emergency response, culminating in an executive order mandating a 25 percent reduction in urban water use across California. All Orange County Water Agencies, including the City, met this reduction target as reported in Chapter 5 of this 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP). More recently, the 2021–2022 drought reinforced the need for sustained efficiency gains and durable demand management strategies beyond temporary emergency actions. These regulatory and hydrologic drivers ultimately led to the passing and adoption of SB 606 and Assembly Bill (AB) 1668, the "Making Conservation a California Way of Life" legislation (passed in 2018 and adopted in 2024). The legislation establishes long-term water use objectives for individual water suppliers and reinforces conservation as a permanent element of water management. Together, these milestones underscore the necessity for the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC) and the City to implement comprehensive demand management measures and meet established urban water use reduction targets to ensure regional water supply resilience.

The goal of the Demand Management Measures (DMM) chapter is to provide a comprehensive description of the water use efficiency programs that the City has implemented in the most recent five years, is currently implementing, and plans to implement to meet its urban water use reduction targets.

Per the "Making California a Conservation Way of Life" Framework (Conservation Framework), each Urban Water Supplier is required to calculate and report their Urban Water Use Objective (UWUO) and to stay within their calculated annual water budget. The UWUO is an aggregate efficient water use of:
 Indoor Residential Use (population x gallons per capita per day (gpcd) standard).  Outdoor Residential Use (measurements of irrigated/irrigable area, local weather data, and a landscape efficiency factor).
 Outdoor Use with Dedicated Irrigation Meters (measurements of irrigated area, local weather data, and a landscape efficiency factor).
 Distribution System Water Losses.
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 Approved Variances.
 Potable Reuse Bonus.

Additionally, the Conservation Framework includes commercial, industrial, and institutional (CII) nonvolumetric Performance Measures, including CII customer account classifications, thresholds for converting mixed-use CII meters (MUMs) irrigating over half an acre of landscape to dedicated irrigation meters (DIMs) or in lieu technologies, CII best management practices (BMPs), and identification of and information sharing with disclosable buildings.

One of the City's top priorities since the adoption of the "Making California a Conservation Way of Life" Framework has been to make progress toward compliance with the Conservation Framework. This chapter will describe the City's DMM activities, including those administered by its wholesaler and supplemental programs administered locally at the retail-level.

9.1 City of San Clemente Demand Management Measures
This section describes the specific Demand Management Measures (DMMs) performed by the City, including DMMs offered in partnership with MWDOC, its wholesale supplier, to encourage water conservation within their service area. Table 9.1 summarizes DMM implementation by the City as well as responsibilities of MWDOC.

Table 9.1 DMM Implementation Responsibility and Regional Programs in Orange County Efficiency Measure Responsibility of: MWDOC Regional
Program and
Activities Retailer MWDOC as a
Wholesaler
Operations Practices
Wholesale Agency Assistance Programs -  
Conservation Pricing   
Conservation Coordinator   
Water Waste Prevention  - 
Water Loss Control
(System Water Audits, Leak Detection and Repair)
 (1) 
Metering with Commodity Rates  (1) (1)
Education and Outreach
Public Outreach Programs   
K-20 Water Education Initiatives and K-12 School Programs    OC Scouts Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and OC Girl Scouts Programs    Water Awareness Poster Contest   
Water Energy Education Alliance   
Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper (QWEL) Training Program    Residential Indoor Implementation
Residential Indoor Rebates  - 
Flow Monitor Device Rebates  - 
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Efficiency Measure Responsibility of: MWDOC Regional
Program and
Activities Retailer MWDOC as a
Wholesaler
Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Implementation Water Savings Incentive Program  - 
On-site Retrofit Program  - 
CII Indoor Rebates
(High Efficiency Toilets and Urinals, Plumbing Flow Control Valves, Connectionless Food Steamers, Air-cooled Ice Machines, Food Defrosters, Cooling Tower Conductivity Controllers and pH Controllers, Dry Vacuum Pumps, Laminar Flow Restrictors)
 - 
Landscape Programs
Turf Replacement Program (including Tree Rebate)  - 
Spray-to-Drip Irrigation Rebate Program  - 
Landscape Rebates
(Smart Timers, High Efficiency Sprinkler Nozzles, Large Rotary Nozzles, In-stem Flow Regulators)
 - 
Residential Landscape Design Assistance Program  - 
Notes:
(1) MWDOC does not own or operate a distribution system; water wholesaled by MWDOC is delivered through the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET) distribution system and meters.

9.1.1 Operations Practices

9.1.1.1 Wholesale Agency Assistance Programs
MWDOC's Assistance Programs are described in Section 9.3.

9.1.1.2 Conservation Pricing
The City bills all customers on a monthly basis. The monthly bill includes both water and sewer, each billed separately. Water rates include both a fixed service fee and a variable consumption charges for water usage. All water customers are charged fixed service charges based on the service meter size. These fixed service charges are driven by costs independent of consumption, and help to fund system replacement costs, service and main line maintenance, and administrative expenses. Descriptions of the types of water rates and charges are included below. The City recently completed a rate study to analyze and update the cost of services for 2026-2030, a report of which is posted on the City's website along with current water rates.

Water Consumption Rates
In addition to the fixed water service charge, water usage is billed at a flat rate per billing unit, with one unit equal to one hundred cubic feet ("ccf") or 748 gallons of water. The flat rate includes two components: the City Distribution Charge and a Water Supply Charge. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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City Distribution Charge
The City Distribution Charge is a commodity rate which imposes a uniform rate per unit of water consumed reflecting the account base costs (including baseline supplies, treatment, distribution, and storage, up to a level that meets the City's baseline demands throughout the year).

Water Supply Charge
The Water Supply Charge is a wholesale pass-through rate which decouples the cost of wholesale water from the City Distribution Charge. The Wholesale Water Supply Pass-Through fee reflects the actual cost to purchase wholesale water and is annually recalculated based on the cost to purchase wholesale water from the City's water suppliers.

Demand Management Rates
To increase revenue stability necessary to provide water service, the Demand Management Rate will be implemented during periods of decreased demand such as droughts or water supply interruptions. The Demand Management Rates consider both the impact from reduced revenue and any cost savings from reduced operational needs, to recover the City's costs to provide service. They also have the ancillary effect of driving water conservation behaviors in customers who may be motivated by cost savings more than by contributing to the public benefits of water use efficiency. This drought surcharge will be added to the commodity rate (per unit costs) if and only once enacted by the City Council.

9.1.1.3 Conservation Coordinator
The City has one full-time Water Conservation Analyst position. The responsibilities of the Water Conservation Analyst are to develop and provide coordination, monitoring, and oversight of conservation programs; communicate and promote water conservation programs and issues to senior management, City Council, and the public; interact with and participate with water conservation coordinators and staff of other agencies; educate on and enforce violations of the City's Water Conservation Ordinance; and manage the City's UWMP. There is collaboration between the Water Conservation Analyst, MWDOC, and its represented agencies to implement regional and local DMMs. The source of funding for the City's water conservation program is from the water operating fund. There are tangential conservation benefits to realize in coordinating with the City's Clean Ocean Program, through promoting the reduction of irrigation water runoff which leads to decreased outdoor water use and/or more efficient irrigation equipment.

9.1.1.4 Water Waste Prevention Ordinances
The San Clemente City Council adopted a Water Conservation Ordinance 1598 on June 2, 2015 amending Chapter 13.12 of Title 13 of the City's Municipal Code. The Urgency Ordinance updated the City's Water Conservation Ordinance and Water Conservation Program in response to the California Governor's state of emergency drought declaration and the new SWRCB drought response plan regulations.

The ordinance established a permanent water conservation clause that is effective at all times and is not dependent upon a water shortage for implementation. Prohibition against waste was established for the following activities/water-using features:
 Unrepaired leaks in plumbing or irrigation systems.
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 Operation of irrigation systems in the daytime hours, excepting that for inspection and repair purposes.
 Washing of vehicles without a shutoff nozzle.
 New commercial car washes that do not recycle used wash water.  Washing of equipment and machinery, structures, or surfaces without a shutoff nozzle.  Unnecessary refilling of swimming pools and spas.
 Operation of fountains, decorative basins, ponds, and waterways that do not recirculate water.  Single-pass cooling systems.
 New commercial laundry facilities that do not reuse rinse water.  Automatic daily laundering of towels at commercial lodging establishments.  Failure to promote water conservation displays at visitor-serving facilities.  Automatically serving water to customers and not using water-conserving practices in the kitchen at food and beverage service facilities.
 Failure to promote water conservation displays at public and quasi-public entities.  Using potable water for dust control when recycled water is available, or using water hoses without a water shutoff nozzle, on a construction site.
 Use of hydrants, outside of a fire or other emergency, without prior approval from the City.  Water spillage not minimized or contained by the user.  Indiscriminate use of water.

In the event of a water supply shortage, the ordinance established provisions for five response levels associated with increasingly restrictive prohibitions, from Level 1: Water Watch to Level 5: Water Emergency, where the City's water uses are required to reduce usage by more than 50 percent. The provisions and water conservation measures to be implemented in response to each shortage level, are described in the City's Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP).

In July 2022, Ordinance No. 1731 amended the Water Conservation Ordinance to maintain relevancy and accuracy with the City's current planning efforts, including the City's WSCP adopted in 2021.

9.1.1.5 Water Loss Control
SB 555 signed into law in 2015 requires urban water suppliers to submit annual, validated water loss audit reports to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR). Water auditing is the basis for effective water loss control. DWR's UWMP Guidebook includes a water audit manual intended to help water utilities complete the AWWA Water Audit on an annual basis. Audits must be validated by a certified water auditor to ensure accuracy.

MWDOC helps member agencies evaluate and reduce their distribution systems' real and apparent losses through comprehensive Water Loss Control Programs. In October 2015, the MWDOC Board of Directors authorized staff to begin implementing a Water Loss Control Technical Assistance Program (TAP) to support member agency compliance with Senate Bills 1420 and 555, both of which address distribution system Water Loss. The TAP program established a menu of technical assistance that water retailers can elect to participate in. These programs connect water retailers with industry experts who provide one on 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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one technical assistance through data analysis, agency specific advising and assessment. The City has utilized the following TAP services:
 Water Balance Compilation and Validation.
 Component Analysis of Real and Apparent Losses.

Through the TAP, Water Loss Audit and summary Reports have been completed for the City on an annual basis, quantifying total water loss while breaking it down into apparent losses and real losses. Additionally, the City has conducted leak detection and repair activities since 1989, and has permanently incorporated the system water audit, leak detection, and meter testing and calibration programs into its utility operations. Approximately 40 miles or 19% of the City's roughly 212-mile potable distribution system is proactively leak detected on a quarterly basis. Leak detection results are maintained in a maintenance management database program. Any detected leaks are quickly investigated in order to make appropriate repairs.

To further support member agencies such as San Clemente in their water loss audit and leak detection programs, in 2019, the MWDOC Board authorized the implementation of a Water Loss Control Shared Services Business Plan (Business Plan). The City has utilized the following Shared Services:
 Water Balance Validation.
 Distribution System Leak Detection.
 Suspected Leak Investigations.

In the first year of this program, 53 miles of distribution system leak detection were completed in the City's service area, resulting in the discovery of four previously unidentified leaks in the City's system that have been repaired. Since 2017, a total of 200 customer water meter accuracy tests has been completed, along with the testing of imported water turnout and groundwater well supply meters, improving agency knowledge of meter performance and accuracy of water balance results. The City is currently working on updating this leak registry process.

9.1.1.6 Metering
The City is fully metered for all customer sectors, including single-family, multi-family, CII, and large landscape. All utility water accounts are metered and billed monthly based on commodity rates. Meters are required for all new connections and new CII developments are required to have dedicated irrigation meters in order to separately quantify and bill indoor and outdoor water usage. All new multi-family residential developments are required to individually meter each dwelling unit, rather than use a mastermeter which services the entire building, which helps motivate efficient water use by individual tenants/owners, who become aware of and responsible for the entire cost of their specific water consumption.

The City changes out meters based on a combination of service call and meter age. This process results in the replacement of 100 meters annually. The City is currently looking at options for an innovative metering program and evaluating the costs versus benefits of such programs.

9.1.2 Public Education and Outreach
The City implements several public education and outreach measures, including the programs administered by MWDOC, its wholesale supplier. The City develops, coordinates, and delivers a substantial 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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amount of public information, education, and outreach programs aimed at elevating water agency and consumer awareness and understanding of current water issues as well as efficient water use and water-saving practices, sound policy, and water reliability investments that are in the best interest of the region. These efforts encourage good water stewardship that benefits all of the City's residents, businesses, and industries across all demographics. An outline of the City's public education initiatives is below.

9.1.2.1 City of San Clemente Public Outreach
Especially due to the City's geographical location at the southernmost end of Orange County, staff have prioritized customizing MWDOC outreach and generating educational materials specific to San Clemente and its residents and the City's culture to generate interest in and response to water conservation efforts.

Customer service is a priority within the City's Utilities Department culture, which also carries over to water conservation responses and outreach. In-house outreach activities include:
 Design and publication of newspaper advertisements, billing inserts and messaging.  Management of a regularly updated suite of Water Conservation city webpages with relevant information for residents on leak detection, appropriate irrigation schedules, and current rebates.  Water conservation news, reminders, and opportunities shared via the City's social media accounts.  Direct communication with and conservation assistance to customers who contact any branch of the City with water related inquiries, including in-person residential water use audits when feasible.  Staffing of City environmental program booths at local public events, such as Garden Fest, Earth Day Festival, and Ocean Festival, to create awareness about the water and wastewater systems in their community, and to communicate with and excite residents about water use efficiency opportunities.

9.1.2.2 K-20 Water Education Initiatives and K-12 School Programs Over the past several years, MWDOC's investment in K-20 water education has significantly grown, evolving to include programs and activities that support environmental literacy for all Orange County students. The effort has expanded beyond K-12 water education programs to include career and workforce development initiatives in higher education through the Water Energy Education Alliance (WEEA) described in more detail in Section 9.1.2.4.

MWDOC's K-12 Water Education School Programs bring standards-aligned, engaging water lessons directly into classrooms and connect water to every part of students' lives. All elementary, middle, and high school programs meet California State Standards and Next Generation Science Standards, providing students with high-quality, relevant learning experiences that build both academic and real-world understanding. This includes a Grab-and-Go Water Activities program, developed in partnership with the Orange County Department of Education, that provides free, self-guided water activities for K-12 teachers, parents and students.

9.1.2.3 OC Scouts Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and OC Girl Scouts Programs The City, in partnership with MWDOC, hosts multiple water education workshops each year to help Scouts BSA earn the Soil & Water Conservation Merit Badge and Girl Scouts earn the MWDOC Water Resources & Conservation Patch. These hands-on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) clinics teach children of all ages where their water comes from, how to use water more efficiently, and 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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how all life depends on the health and security of our natural resources, fostering water awareness and responsibility through fun, activity-based learning.

9.1.2.4 Water Awareness Poster Contest
The City participates in MWDOC's annual Water Awareness Poster Contest, offered for students in grades K-12. The Poster Contest presents children with an opportunity to use their artistic talents to express the importance and value of water through artwork. Each year, hundreds of entries are collected from students and classrooms across the county, and from these entries, 40 winners are selected.

9.1.2.5 Water Energy Education Alliance (WEEA)
The Water Energy Education Alliance (WEEA) unites over 260 water, energy, and education leaders across the state to build and strengthen career pathways for all California students. Administered and led by the MWDOC, WEEA is comprised of a powerful statewide coalition of education leaders, workforce advocates, and industry experts to raise student awareness, forge strong partnerships, and cultivate a diverse, highly skilled talent pipeline. By connecting students with high-impact opportunities, WEEA is shaping a workforce that fuels industry success, enhances worker well-being, and ensures a resilient, thriving California.

9.1.2.6 Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper (QWEL) Training Program Since 2018, MWDOC along with the City, has offered free Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper (QWEL) certification classes designed for landscape professionals. Classes are open to any city staff, professional landscaper, water district employee, or maintenance personnel that would like to become a Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper. The QWEL certification program provides 20 hours of instruction on water efficient areas of expertise such as local water supply, sustainable landscaping, soil types, irrigation systems and maintenance, as well as irrigation controller scheduling and programing. QWEL has received recognition from EPA WaterSense for continued promotion of water use efficiency. To earn the QWEL certification, class participants must demonstrate their ability to perform an irrigation audit as well as pass the QWEL exam. Successful graduates will be listed as a Certified Professional on the WaterSense website as well as on MWDOC's landscape resources page, to encourage Turf Removal participants or those making any landscape improvements to hire a QWEL certified professional.

Started in December 2020, a hybrid version of QWEL is available in conjunction with the California Landscape Contractors Association's Water Management Certification Program. This joint effort allows landscape industry an opportunity to obtain two nationally recognized EPA WaterSense Professional Certifications with one course and one written test. This option is offered through MET.

9.1.3 Residential Indoor Rebate Programs
The City partners with MWDOC to implement residential measures that target indoor water use efficiency for single family and multifamily residential customers.

9.1.3.1 High Efficiency Clothes Washer and Toilet Rebate Programs The High Efficiency Clothes Washer (HECW) Rebate Program provides residential customers with rebates starting at $85.00 for purchasing and installing HECWs that use 35 to 50 percent less water than standard 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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washer models. Devices must meet or exceed the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) Tier 1 Standard, and a listing of qualified products can be found at ocwatersmart.com. There is a maximum of one rebate per home.

The Premium High Efficiency Toilet (HET) Rebate Program offers residential customers rebates starting at $40.00 for replacing their toilets using 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf) with Premium HETs. Premium HETs use just 1.1 gallons of water or less per flush, which is 20 percent less water than WaterSense standard toilets

9.1.3.2 Flow Monitor Device Pilot
This pilot program provides rebates starting at $100.00, or more in select areas, per flow monitor device installed. These devices monitor a home's water use and can help detect leaks, making them a proactive tool for preventing expensive water bills and water damage due to unforeseen leaks. A list of residential rebate-eligible flow monitoring devices is provided.

9.1.4 CII Programs
The City provides a variety of financial incentives, in partnership with MWDOC, to help businesses, restaurants, institutions, hotels, hospitals, industrial facilities, and public sector sites achieve their efficiency goals. Water users in these sectors have options to choose from a standardized list of water efficient equipment/devices or may complete customized projects through a pay-for-performance where the incentive is proportional to the amount of water saved. Such projects include high efficiency commercial equipment installation and manufacturing process improvements.

9.1.4.1 Water Savings Incentive Program
The Water Savings Incentive Program (WSIP) is designed for non-residential customers to improve their water efficiency through upgraded equipment or services that do not qualify for standard rebates. WSIP is unique because it provides an incentive based on the actual amount of water saved by the customers.

This "pay-for-performance" design lets customers implement custom projects for their sites. The City partners with MWDOC and MET to offer this program.

Projects must save at least 10 Million Gallons of water to qualify for the Program and incentives are paid by MET based on the amount of water saved. Payment amount is up to $0.60 per 1,000 gallons saved per year over the project life, up to a maximum of 10 years. Payments are limited to 50 percent of the eligible project costs while funding is available. Additional funding may be available through MWDOC, but it is limited. Examples of successful projects include but are not limited to: changing industrial process system water to capture and reuse process wastewater, capturing condensation and using it to supplement cooling tower water supply, and replacing water-using equipment with more efficient products.

9.1.4.2 Recycled Water On-site Retrofit Program
Through the Recycled Water On-site Retrofit Program, the City in partnership with MWDOC and MET, offers incentives for CII properties to convert potable water irrigation or industrial systems to recycled water. Financial incentives of up to $1,950.00 per acre-foot of potable water saved are available for the customer-side on the meter retrofits. Projects may also be eligible for up to an additional $325.00 per acre-foot of annual water savings from MWDOC. Recycled water conversion projects can help to ensure a more reliable water future for Orange County.
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9.1.4.3 CII Rebates
The City offers additional financial incentives under the SoCal Water$mart Rebate Program which offers rebates for various water efficient devices to CII customers. Core funding is provided by MET and supplemental funding is sourced from MWDOC via grant funds and/or retail water agencies. Devices include: HET and Urinals, Plumbing Flow Control Valves, Connectionless Food Steamers, Air-cooled Ice Machines, Food Defrosters, Cooling Tower Conductivity Controllers and pH Controllers, Dry Vacuum Pumps, and Laminar Flow Restrictors.

9.1.5 Landscape Programs
Some of the most active and effective water use efficiency programs the City provides are those that target the reduction of outdoor water use. With a large proportion of water consumed outdoors via landscape demands, this sector has been and will continue to be a focus for MWDOC and the City.

9.1.5.1 Turf Replacement Program
The Orange County Turf Replacement Program offers incentives to replace existing turf grass with California-native, drought-tolerant plants and landscaping. Residential, commercial, and public properties in the City's service area are all eligible for this program. The goals of this program are to increase water use efficiency through sustainable landscaping practices that result in multi-benefit projects across Orange County. Participants are encouraged to utilize smart irrigation timers and furthermore, projects are required to include a stormwater capture feature, such as a rain garden or dry stream bed, and have a minimum of three plants per 100 square feet to increase plant density and promote healthy soils. These projects save water and reduce dry and wet weather runoff, increase urban biomass, and sequester more carbon than turf landscapes.

Additionally, MWDOC is piloting a tree program that allows eligible trees to qualify as a sustainability feature in Turf Replacement projects. Beginning March 4, 2024, Turf Replacement Program participants became eligible for an additional incentive for planting trees as part of their Turf Replacement project.

Participants can receive up to $100.00 per tree, for up to 5 trees ($500.00), in addition to the Turf Replacement rebate. The pilot goals include increasing the presence of trees in Turf Replacement projects and breaking down barriers to participation. It is anticipated that the pilot will be evaluated in 2026.

9.1.5.2 Spray-to-Drip Rebate Program
The Spray to Drip Rebate Program offers residential, commercial, and public agency customers rebates for converting areas irrigated by traditional high-precipitation rate spray heads to low-precipitation rate drip irrigation. Drip irrigation systems are extremely water efficient. Rather than spraying wide areas subject to wind drift, overspray and runoff, drip systems use point emitters to deliver water to specific locations at or near plant root zones. Water drips slowly from the emitters either onto the soil surface or below ground.

As a result, less water is lost to wind, evaporation, and overspray, saving water, and reducing irrigation runoff and non-point source pollution. The City partners with MWDOC to provide $1.00 per square foot of conversion area when replaced with eligible drip irrigation products. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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9.1.5.3 SoCal Water$mart Rebate Program for Landscape
The City also offers financial incentives under the SoCal Water$mart Rebate Program for a variety of water efficient landscape devices, such as Smart Irrigation Timers and Central Computer Irrigation Controllers, large rotary nozzles and rotating sprinkler nozzles, soil moisture sensors, irrigation master valves, and instem flow regulators.

9.1.5.4 Landscape Design Assistance Rebate
This program is offered for residential customers who are participating in the turf replacement program and are seeking professional design services. Participants must hire a landscape design professional to provide a design that meets the rebate eligible design requirements. Participants will receive up to $1,000 upon completion of their turf replacement project if they have used a professional designer.

9.2 City of San Clemente DMM Implementation (2020-2025) During the past five years, FY 2020-21 to 2024-25, the City, with the assistance of MWDOC, has continued water use efficiency programs for its residential, CII, and landscape customers with the participation shown in Table 9.2. The City will continue to implement all applicable programs in the next five years.

Table 9.2 City of San Clemente Water Use Efficiency Program Participation Program FY20/21 FY21/22 FY22/23 FY23/24 FY24/25
High Efficiency Clothes Washer (HECW) 73 43 34 53 28
High Efficiency Toilets (HETs) 5 4 6 2 1
Flow Monitoring Devices (FMD) -- 0 0 0 3
Commercial Plumbing Fixtures (CII) 0 0 0 0 0
Water Savings Incentives Projects (WSIP) 0 0 0 0 0
Turf Replacement (Res.) 10,148 6,466 15,942 11,950 1,380 Turf Replacement (Comm.) 50,000 67,354 156,022 17,008 107,624 Landscape Design Rebate Program (LDAP) 1 4 4 0 0
Landscape Design Rebate Program (LMAP) 2 1 1 4 0
Spray-to-Drip (Res.) 5,746 3,135 7,612 11,314 0
Spray-to-Drip (Comm.) 0 45,000 15,368 45,172 12,231
Rotating Nozzles (Small Res.) 44 80 0 0 0
Rotating Nozzles (Small Comm.) 0 0 210 170 230
Rotating Nozzles (Large Comm.) 0 0 0 0 0
Smart Timers (Res.) 36 14 29 28 14
Smart Timers (Comm.) 30 41 1 19 16
Rain Barrels 1 5 6 4 0
Recycled Water Onsite Retrofits 0 0 0 0 0
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9.3 MWDOC Demand Management Implementation Assistance
Programs
To help facilitate implementation of DMMs throughout Orange County, MWDOC's wholesale efforts focus on the following three areas: 1) State Water Conservation Compliance Assistance (e.g., Conservation Framework and Non-Functional Turf), 2) Regional Rebate Programs and Local Program Assistance, and 3) Research and Evaluation. This both complies with and goes beyond the Foundational BMPs of Utility Operations Programs requirements.

9.3.1 State Water Conservation Compliance Assistance
To support Orange County retailers with compliance of SB 606 and AB 1668, MWDOC is providing multi-level support to assist agencies in meeting the primary goals of the legislation, including to use water more wisely and to eliminate water waste. Beginning in 2023, urban water suppliers were required to calculate and report their annual UWUO, submit validated water audits annually, and implement and report BMP CII performance measures.

MWDOC offers Orange County water suppliers a "Conservation Framework Technical Assistance Program (TAP)" and "Meter Area Measurements Program" to assist them with compliance with the Conservation Framework.

9.3.1.1 Conservation Framework Technical Assistance Program (TAP) This program provides Orange County water suppliers with support on tasks that are required as part of the Conservation Framework. An agency may opt in to receive support with any of the following:
 Readiness Assessment - perform a retailer-specific readiness assessment, including task recommendations and pricing to help retail agencies understand what areas need to be addressed.  Conservation Framework Compliance Plan - create a customized Framework Compliance Plan that outlines (1) what the retailer needs to do to prepare for compliance and (2) what needs to be implemented to achieve the water savings necessary to comply with the Urban Water Use Objective.  Annual Report Compilation and Data Management - support the retailer with Annual Report preparation and assistance; and organize and manage data needed to comply with the reporting requirements of the Regulation.
 CII Account Classification - classify CII customer accounts according to the Regulation requirements and create a guidance plan to keep classifications at 95 percent (or higher).  CII Best Management Practices (BMPs) and In-Lieu Technologies Implementation Plan - create a customized implementation plan mapping compliance with the Conservation Framework regulation, including the CII BMP requirements of § 974, the in-lieu technologies and accompanying BMP requirements in § 973, and disclosable buildings requirements in § 974a. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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 Miscellaneous Framework Technical Assistance – various activities such as:
» Development of Development of metrics and annual targets to demonstrate progress. » Additional training or technical support.
» Workshop or webinar facilitation to spur cross-team collaborations. » Develop outreach and engagement plans and implement meetings to support engagement of internal and external collaborators.

9.3.1.2 Meter Area Measurements Program
The Program assists Orange County water supplier in providing (1) landscape area measurements (LAM) associated with dedicated irrigation meters (DIMs), which may include the creation of water efficiency budgets for dedicated landscape meter customers; (2) identification of mixed-use CII meters (MUMs) irrigating landscapes greater than half acre and subject to the regulation; and (3) reconciliation of DIM and residential LAMs where areas may overlap.

9.3.2 Regional Rebate Programs and Local Program Assistance MWDOC develops, obtains funding for, and implements regional water savings rebate programs on behalf of all retail water agencies in Orange County, such as the Turf Replacement Program. This approach minimizes confusion for consumers by providing the same programs with the same participation guidelines, maintains a consistent message to the public to use water efficiently, and provides support to retail water agencies by acting as program administrators for the region. As a leader of water efficiency in Orange County, MWDOC provides a holistic suite of programs that are accessible to all consumer groups in the region. When requested, MWDOC also assists retail agencies in developing and implementing local programs within their service areas. This assistance includes collaboration with each retail agency to design a program that fits that agency's local needs, including providing staffing, targeting customer classes, acquiring grant funding from a variety of sources, and implementing, marketing, reporting, and evaluating the program.

On behalf of its member agencies, MWDOC also organizes and provides the following:
 Monthly coordinator meetings.
 Marketing materials.
 Public speaking.
 Community events.

9.3.3 Research and Evaluation
An essential part of MWDOC's regional water use efficiency program is the ongoing research and evaluation of both existing and potential initiatives. Research allows an agency to measure the water savings benefits of a specific program and compare those benefits to the costs of implementing the program. This allows the agency to evaluate the economic feasibility of the program when compared to other efficiency projects or existing or potential sources of supply, before investing in new initiatives or continuing to implement existing programs. MWDOC routinely conducts statistical water savings (impact) evaluations and process evaluations to guide strategic investment and ensure the effective management of its regional water use efficiency programs.
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From 2021 to 2025, MWDOC conducted several research initiatives to support informed decision-making.

In partnership with Flume Data Labs, MWDOC completed its Residential End Use Study in 2021, with subsequent updates in 2022 and 2024. This study provided detailed insights into disaggregated residential indoor and outdoor water use, significantly enhancing the understanding of water use patterns across Orange County. In 2023, MWDOC released its Potential and Opportunities study, which quantified the remaining water savings potential in the Orange County residential market, identified the most promising and cost-effective methods for reducing residential demand, and made recommendations on how best to direct financial and technical assistance to Retail Agencies and consumers for implementing residential water efficiency upgrades.

To assess the economic impact of the Conservation Framework, MWDOC worked with M. Cubed and in 2023 published the Draft Water Use Efficiency Standards Economic Analysis: Impact Assessment of State-Mandated Urban Water Use Objectives. MWDOC continues to evaluate the impact of the regulation and Orange County retailer compliance.

Additionally, MWDOC is piloting a tree program that allows eligible trees to qualify as a sustainability feature in Turf Replacement projects. Pilot goals include increasing the presence of trees in Turf Replacement projects and breaking down barriers to participation. It is anticipated that the pilot will be evaluated in 2026. A pilot research program investigating water savings associated with the replacement of broken pressure regulating valves at residential homes wrapped up in 2025. The results of this study are expected in 2027.

9.4 Urban Water Use Objective and CII Performance Measure Compliance
A large focus for the City is to implement DMMs that will help them to meet the requirements of the Conservation Framework. DMMs described in this chapter may help to support member agencies with meeting their required UWUO and achieving CII Performance Measure Compliance. In addition, MWDOC provides support to agencies to assist with the calculation of UWUOs and compliance with CII Performance measures via the Meter Area Measurement and TAP Programs, as described in Section 9.3.

9.4.1 UWUO Components
Table 9.3 describes MWDOC's programs that will assist agencies in meeting their UWUO, through both direct measures (programs/activities that result in directly quantifiable water savings) and indirect measures (programs that provide resources promoting water efficiencies to the public that are impactful but not directly measurable). Additionally, MWDOC provides technical assistance to support water suppliers with compliance.

Table 9.3 MWDOC Programs to Help OC Retail Agencies Meet their Urban Water Use Objectives UWUO Component Calculation Program Impact
Indoor Residential Population and
GPCD standard
Direct Impact:

High efficiency indoor fixtures and
appliance rebates.

Direct Impact:

Increased indoor residential
efficiencies and reductions of GPCD
use.
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UWUO Component Calculation Program Impact
Outdoor
Residential
Irrigated/irrigable area
measurement and a
landscape efficiency
factor of local ETo
and effective
precipitation
Direct Impact:
 Turf Replacement.
 High efficiency irrigation rebates.

Indirect Impact:
 Online resources such as OC
Friendly Gardens Webpage.
 Educational classes.
 DIM landscape classification and
measurement.

Direct Impact:
 Increase outdoor residential
efficiencies and reductions of
gallons per ft2 of irrigated/
irrigable area used.

Indirect Impact:
 Provide information, resources,
and education to promote
efficiencies in the landscape.

Outdoor Dedicated
Irrigation Meters
Irrigated area
measurement and a
landscape efficiency
factor of local ETo
and effective
precipitation
Technical Assistance:
 DIM landscape classification and
measurement.

Direct Impact:
 Turf Replacement.
 High efficiency irrigation rebates.

Indirect Impact:
 OC Friendly Gardens Webpage.
 Educational training and
resources.

Technical Assistance:
 Classification and measurement
of landscapes associated with
DIMs are required to complete
the calculation.

Direct Impact:
 Increase outdoor residential
efficiencies and reductions of
gallons per ft2 of irrigated/
irrigable area used.

Indirect Impact:
 Provide information, resources,
and education to promote
landscape efficiencies.

Water Loss Agency-specific loss
factor and number of
connections
Technical Assistance:
 Water Balance Validation.
 Customer Meter Accuracy
Testing.
 Distribution System Pressure
Surveys.

Direct Impact:
 Distribution System Leak
Detection.

Technical Assistance:
 The accuracy of the water loss
audit is validated for submission
to the State.

Direct Impact:
 Identify areas of the distribution
system that need repair,
replacement, or other actions to
limit water loss.

Bonus Incentives Volume of indirect
potable reuse water
applied to residential
and DIM irrigation
uses; not to exceed
15% of UWUO
Direct Impact:
 Groundwater replenishment
system (GWRS).

Direct Impact:
 The GWRS (run by OCWD)
recharges the groundwater basin
with purified, highly treated
wastewater, allowing
OCWD-member agencies to
access indirect potable reuse.
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9.4.2 CII Performance Measures
Urban water supplies are required to report BMPs for CII customers. The City, in partnership with MWDOC, offers a broad variety of programs and incentives to help CII customers implement BMPs and increase their water efficiencies (Table 9.4).

Table 9.4 City of San Clemente CII BMP and Water Efficiency Programs and Incentives Component Requirement Program Offered Impact
CII Customer Account
Classifications
Classify each CII water user,
based on the end-use of
water for the water user, in
accordance with Energy Star
Portfolio Manager's 18 broad
categories, in addition to 4
other categories.

Technical Assistance:

CII Customer Account
Classification.

Technical Assistance:

Classify customer accounts
according to the specified
categories to comply with the
regulation.

Large Landscape
Identification
Identify all CII water users
associated with large
landscapes – landscapes
irrigated with a mixed-use
meter greater than half an
acre
Technical Assistance:

Large Landscape
identification.

Technical Assistance:

Identify and map landscapes
associated with MUM landscapes
that are greater than half an acre
to comply with the regulation.

Best Management Practices
(BMPs)
Offer CII BMPs for
customers that exceed the
recommended size, volume
of water use, or another
threshold
Technical Assistance:

BMP Implementation
Plan.

Technical Assistance:

Provide a BMP Implementation
Plan to guide water suppliers with
a roadmap to compliance with
the regulation.

Disclosable Buildings Identify disclosable buildings
in service area according to
the list provided by the
California Energy
Commission
Technical Assistance:

Disclosable buildings
list.

Technical Assistance:

Provide the California Energy
Commission list of disclosable
buildings by water supplier to
comply with the regulation.
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CHAPTER 10 PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND

IMPLEMENTATION
The Water Code requires the Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) to be adopted by the City of San Clemente’s (City) governing body. Before the adoption, the City must hold a public hearing allowing members of the public to provide input on the UWMP. Prior to the public hearing, the City must notify the public and surrounding cities, counties and water agencies within its service area of the scheduled public hearing. Upon completion of the public hearing, the City’s governing body shall vote to adopt the UWMP.

Post adoption, the City submits the UWMP to the Department of Water Resources (DWR) while also making it available for public access. This section provides a record of the process the City followed to adopt and implement its UWMP.

10.1 Overview
Recognizing that close coordination among other relevant public agencies is key to the success of its UWMP, the City worked closely with many other entities to develop and update this planning document.

The City also encouraged public involvement through its public review and hearing process, which provided residents with an opportunity to learn and ask questions about their water supply management and reliability. Through the public hearing, the public has an opportunity to comment and put forward any suggestions for revisions of the Plan.

Table 10.1 summarizes external coordination and outreach activities carried out by the City and their corresponding dates. The UWMP checklist to confirm compliance with the Water Code is provided in Appendix A.

Table 10.1 External Coordination and Outreach
External Coordination and Outreach Date Reference
Notified city or county within supplier’s service area that water supplier is preparing an updated UWMP (at least 60 days prior to public hearing) 04/16/2026 Appendix I
Public Hearing Notice 05/29/2026 &
06/05/2026
Appendix I
Held Public Hearing 06/16/2026
Adopted UWMP and WSCP 06/16/2026 Appendix J
Submitted UWMP to DWR (no later than 30 days after adoption) 07/01/2026 - Submitted UWMP to the California State Library (no later than 30 days after adoption)
07/01/2026 -
Submitted UWMP to the cities and county within the supplier’s service area (no later than 30 days after adoption)
07/01/2026 -
Notes:

UWMP – Urban Water Management Plan; WSCP – Water Shortage Contingency Plan This UWMP was adopted by the City Council on June 16, 2026. A copy of the adopted resolution is provided in Appendix J.
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10.2 Agency Coordination
The Water Code requires the Suppliers preparing UWMPs to notify any city or county within their service area at least 60 days prior to the public hearing. As shown in Table 10.2, the City sent a Letter of Notification to the County of Orange and the cities within its service area on April 16, 2026, to state that it was in the process of preparing an updated UWMP. This notice of preparation is included in Appendix I.

Table 10.2 Submittal Table 10-1 Retail: Notification to Cities and Counties Submittal Table 10-1 Retail: Notification to Cities and Counties Water Code Section 10621(b) and 10642
City Name 60 Day Notice
Drop Down (yes/no)
Notice of Public Hearing
Drop Down (yes/no)
San Juan Capistrano Yes Yes
SCWD Yes Yes
SMWD Yes Yes
SOCWA Yes Yes
Dana Point Yes Yes
County Name
Drop Down List
60 Day Notice
Drop Down (yes/no)
Notice of Public Hearing
Drop Down (yes/no)
Orange County Yes Yes
NOTES:

The City’s water supply planning relates to the policies, rules, and regulations of its regional and local water providers. The City is dependent on imported water from Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET) through Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC), its regional wholesaler.

The City is also dependent on groundwater from the San Mateo Valley Groundwater Basin, and recycled wastewater from the City’s Water Reclamation Plant. As such, the City involved the relevant agencies in this 2025 UWMP at various levels of contribution as described below.

The City’s 2025 UWMP leveraged data and regionally consistent analyses supplied by MWDOC, such as population projections from the California State University, Fullerton Center for Demographic Research and the information quantifying water availability to meet the City’s projected demands for the next 25 years, in five-year increments. This 2025 UWMP was developed in collaboration with MWDOC’s 2025 UWMP to ensure consistency between the two documents.

The various planning documents of the key agencies that were used to develop this UWMP are listed in Chapter 2.2.1.

10.3 Public Participation
The City encouraged community and public interest involvement in the Plan update through a public hearing and inspection of the draft document on June 16, 2026. As part of the public hearing, the City discussed adoption of the UWMP, key components of the UWMP and the conclusions that served as the basis of the UWMP. Copies of the draft 2025 UWMP were placed for public review on the City’s website, and in hardcopy format by appointment with the Utilities Director. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Public hearing notifications were sent to retail agencies and other interested parties. A copy of the Notice of Public Hearing is included in Appendix I. The hearing was conducted during a regularly scheduled meeting of the City Council.

10.4 UWMP Submittal
The City Council reviewed and approved the 2025 UWMP at its June 16, 2026 meeting after the public hearing. See Appendix J for the resolution approving the Plan.

By July, 1 2026, the City’s adopted 2025 UWMP was filed with DWR and sent directly to California State Library, the County of Orange, and the cities within its service area. The submission to DWR was done electronically through the online submittal tool – WUE Data Portal. The City will make the Plan available for public review on its website no later than 30 days after filing with DWR.

10.5 Amending the Adopted UWMP or WSCP
Based on DWR’s review of the UWMP, the City will make any amendments in its adopted UWMP, as required and directed by DWR and will follow each of the steps for notification, public hearing, adoption, and submittal for the amending the adopted UWMP.

If the City revises its Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) after UWMP is approved by DWR, then an electronic copy of the revised WSCP will be submitted to DWR within 30 days of its adoption. 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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CHAPTER 11 REFERENCES
California Department of Water Resources (DWR). (2026, January). Final Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook 2025. https://cwc.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/Water-UseAnd-Efficiency/Urban-Water-Use-Efficiency/Urban-Water-Management-Plans/Final-2025-UWMPGuidebook/Final-2025-UWMP-Guidebook-Accessible.pdf Center for Demographic Research (CDR). (2025, July). Orange County Progress Report 2025 Volume 54.

City of San Clemente (2021, June). Urban Water Management Plan. https://www.sanclemente.gov/DocumentCenter/View/462/Final-2020-UWMP-PDF?bidId= City of San Clemente (2025, February). Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. https://www.sanclemente.gov/305/Emergency-Planning
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET). (2025, December). 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Draft. https://www-admin.mwdh2o.com/media/5ralzxit/public-review-draftfebruary-2026-uwmp.pdf.

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET). (2020, April). 2020 Integrated Water Resources Plan – Regional Needs Assessment.
https://d1q0afiq12ywwq.cloudfront.net/media/sgvlkith/2020_irp_needs_assessment.pdf Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET). (2025, April). CAMP4W Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water. https://cawaterlibrary.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/CAMP4W-ClimateAdaptation-Management-Plan-for-Water.pdf Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC). (2023, July). Orange County Water Reliability Study. https://www.mwdoc.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/MWDOC_2023-OC-Water-ReliabilityStudy-Final.pdf Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC), Orange County Water District (OCWD), Hazen & Sawer. (2025, December). 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum. https://www.mwdoc.com/your-water/water-reliability-planning/ Orange County Water District (OCWD). (2025, February). OCWD Resilience Plan – Adaptive Strategies for Securing Abundant and Reliable Water Supplies. https://www.ocwd.com/wpcontent/uploads/OCWD-Resilience-Plan.pdf Orange County Water District (OCWD). (2025, February). Engineer’s Report on Groundwater Conditions, Water Supply and Basin Utilization in The Orange County Water District. https://www.ocwd.com/wp-content/uploads/2023-24-Engineers-Report_Final.pdf Orange County Water District (OCWD), City of La Habra, Irvine Ranch Water District. (2022, February).

Basin 8-1 Alternative 2022 Update. https://www.ocwd.com/wp-content/uploads/05cbasin-8-1- alternative-2022-update.pdf
Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). (2024, April). Connect SoCal 2024. https://scag.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2024-05/23-2987-connect-socal-2024-final-complete040424.pdf

San Clemente City CouncilJune 16, 2026

San Clemente City Council
June 16, 2026