Gun Violence Prevention
City Manager’s Office
Study Session
August 15, 2022
Facilitators
Sarah Zárate Director, Office of Administration, Policy, & Intergovernmental Relations
Peter Hamilton Assistant to the City Manager, Office of Administration, Policy, & Intergovernmental Relations
1 Introduction
Gun Violence Prevention
1 2
3 Gun Violence in the United States: A Public Health
Perspective
Gun Violence in Santa Clara County
4 5
Local Gun Violence Preventative Approaches
Legal Context and Current Policy Efforts
2 Gun violence is a public health crisis in the United
States. In 2020, more than 45,000 Americans were
killed by gun violence—the highest number ever
recorded—and tens of thousands more people
suffered nonfatal firearm injuries.
Gun Violence Prevention
Introduction
3 Gun Violence Prevention
Introduction: Firearm Fatalities Compared to Other Forms of Fatal Injuries (2020) 4“A Year in Review: 2020 Gun Deaths in the U.S.,” Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions, April 28, 2022 Gun Violence Prevention
Introduction: Five Fast Facts for Firearm Fatalities in 2020 – CDC Data 5“A Year in Review: 2020 Gun Deaths in the U.S.,” Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions, April 28, 2022 A public health approach to prevent
gun violence is a population level
approach that addresses both
firearm access and the factors that
contribute to and protect from gun
violence.
Gun Violence Prevention
Introduction: A Public Health Approach
6“The Public Health Approach to Gun Violence Prevention,” The Educational Fund to Stop Gun Violence, November 2020 This approach brings together
institutions and experts across
disciplines in a common effort to:
1) Define and monitor the problem,
2) Identify risk and protective factors,
3) Develop and test prevention strategies,
and
4) Ensure widespread adoption of
effective strategies.
Gun Violence Prevention
Introduction: A Public Health Approach
7“The Public Health Approach to Gun Violence Prevention,” The Educational Fund to Stop Gun Violence, November 2020 Introduction
Gun Violence Prevention
1 2
3 Gun Violence in the United States: A Public Health
Perspective
Gun Violence in Santa Clara County
4 5
Local Gun Violence Preventative Approaches
Legal Context and Current Policy Efforts
8 Gun Violence Prevention
A Public Health Perspective
Daniel Webster,ScD
BLOOMBERG PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN
HEALTH
Daniel studies policies and programs intended to reduce gun violence and teaches public health approaches to violence prevention.
Center & Institute Affiliations
Urban Health Institute (UHI)
Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions
Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy
Center for the Prevention of Youth Violence
Center for Mental Health and Addiction Policy
9 10
Public Health Approaches to
Reducing Gun Violence
Daniel Webster, ScD, MPH
Bloomberg Professor of American Health
Co-Director, Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions 10 11
What is a Public Health Approach to Reducing Gun
Violence?
Daniel W . Webster. “Public health approaches to reducing gun violence.” Daedalus , Vol. 151, No. 1, Reimagining Justice: The Challenges of Violence & Punitive Excess (Winter 2022), pp. 38-48. See also Butts et al. Reducing Violence Without Police (2020) ► Data-driven and pragmatic to solve problems efficiently and justly ► Focused on changing unhealthy or unsafe environments as well as risky behaviors ► Reforms systems that create these conditions and are unjust. ► Smart laws and enforcement can advance reduce gun violence, but we must minimize exposure to a costly and harmful criminal justice system. ► Appropriately targeted efforts that invest in and support individuals and neighborhoods at greatest risk for involvement in gun violence can save lives and reap impressive ROI 12 ► Mission: Reduce violence through data-driven interagency collaboration ► Vision: A community where residents, CBOs, and law enforcement work together to decrease violence
► Goals: 1) Understand homicide through strategic problem analysis 2) Develop data-informed prevention strategies
3) Focus prevention and intervention resources
13 13
14 14
15 Philadelphia Basic Systems Home Repair Program for low-income homeowners South EC et al., 2021, JAMA Network Open
► Philadelphia Basic Systems Repair Program grants up to $20,000 to low-income owners for structural repairs to electrical, plumbing, heating, and roofing. ► BSRP associated with declines in total crime (-22%), assaults (-19%), robberies (- 23%), and homicide (-22%).
► Violent crime rates 19% higher in surrounding areas after foreclosed homes became vacant. Cui, Lin & Walsh (2015). Foreclosure, vacancy and crime. J Urban Economics, 87, 72-84. 15 16
Strategies to Reduce Alcohol-Related Violence
Reduce alcohol availability, consumption generally through taxes increases. Large public safety benefit, but relatively small effect on gun violence.
Reduce alcohol availability in high-risk situations (sporting events) Reduce alcohol availability to high-risk persons (untried except for minors)
Treat alcoholics – e.g., mandate treatment for domestic violence offenders
16 17
Dealing with problem alcohol outlets
Many studies show more outlets means more violence, but average effects are small.
But little research on problem outlets and what to do about them. (-5% violence in 2017 UK study)
Can we hold owners responsible?
Lawsuits claiming outlet a public nuisance or responsibility for negligence in certain cases.
Actions against licenses.
17 18
Copyright ©2007 American Public Health Association
Duailibi, S. et al. Am J Public Health 2007;97:2276-2280 Monthly rates of homicides per 1000 residents before and after new bar closing-time regulations: Diadema, Brazil
18 19
Role of scofflaw/ negligent gun dealers in supplying the underground gun market
► 1% of licensed dealers accounted for 57% of crime guns (ATF, 2000) ► Dealers play a prominent role in gun trafficking investigations ► Baltimore underground market survey: 31% of those active in underground mkt reported certain gun shop employees sell guns off the record or make obvious straw purchasers. 24% reported there are gun shops known to make it easier to get guns without a background check (Crifasi et al., 2020)
20 0
1 2
3 4
Strong state/local reg No strong reg Regular compliance inspection No reg inspection % of intra-state crime guns diverted <1 year of retail sale by state regulation and oversight of gun dealers Webster et al., J Urban Health, 2009 21 Effects of stings + lawsuits against gun dealers on flow of new guns to criminals (Webster 2006, 2013)
in-state dealers
% change
Chicago -62
Detroit -36
New York City
out of state dealers
sued
-82%
21 22
Number of guns diverted to criminals within a year of retail sale, Badger vs. other dealers Webster et al., Journal of Urban Health, 2012 22 23
Cure Violence Strategy:
Public Health Approach
► Outreach to high-risk individuals with credible messengers ► Promote nonviolent responses to conflicts
► Conflict mediation
► Community mobilization and public education
23 24
Summary of Estimates of Cure Violence Impacts on Gun Violence Estimated Program Effect
on GV vs. Controls
Chicago 1 (Skogan, 2009)
Chicago 2 (Henry 2014)
reductions 4 of 7 sites
reductions in 2 of 2 sites
-15% shootings, -38% homicides
N. Philadelphia (Roman 2017) -30% over 4 police posts
Trinidad and Tobago (Maguire et
al. 2018)
-39% shootings
-45% violent crime
24 25
Evaluations of Cure Violence – NYC
NYC Community Estimated Program Effect
on GV vs. Controls
Crown Heights (Picard-Fritsche 2013)
-20%
2 sites in Brooklyn, 1 in West Harlem
(Butts 2015)
-18% shootings
-21% homicides 2011-2013
Mayor’s Office adds Crisis
Management System (Delgado et al. 2017)
East NY
South Bronx
-45%
-8%
25 26
Estimates of Safe Streets effects – truncated at 4 years – Webster et al. in progress.
Homicides Nonfatal
Shootings
Homicides +
NFS
McElderry Park
-40% +152% -8%
Cherry Hill -51% -27% -27%
Mondawmin -25% -7% -4%
Park Heights -49% -23% -27%
Sandtown -3% -37% -40%
27 Augmented synthetic control estimates of % change through May ‘22 Homicides Nonfatal
Shootings
Homicides +
NFS
McElderry Park
-23% +37% 24%
Cherry Hill -13% -9% -3%
Park Heights -45% -34% -38%
28 Advance Peace – Investing in the Highest Risk People ► Peace Fellowship: Intensive mentoring, assistance with jobs and other needs, stipend, and activities to promote positive development. ► 55% reduction in gun violence in Richmond, CA. (Matthay et al., 2019) ► Promising data from Sacramento – 66% drop in gun violence 2010-2016. 28 29
Handgun Purchaser Licensing
► Prospective purchasers apply to state or local law
enforcement
► Some require applicants submit fingerprints
► Time to process application on average 30 days
► Duration of the license, law enforcement
discretion, and whether safety training is
required varies between states
30 Purchaser Licensing Laws in Connecticut and Missouri ► Connecticut – enacted handgun purchaser licensing law in October 1995 ► Mandated license for all handgun transfers contingent upon passing fingerprint-based background check
► In-person application
► 8-hours of Safety training
► License good for 5 years, revoked if holder becomes disqualified ► Missouri – repealed licensing law in August 2007
► Required license for all handgun transfers contingent upon passing background check ► In-person application
► License good for 30 days
31 Firearm homicide rates 28% lower than counterfactual over 22 years after Connecticut’s handgun purchaser licensing law. (McCourt et al. 2020) None of 32 comparison states had larger declines over this period relative to their synthetic controls.
32 Firearm homicide rates 47% higher than counterfactual in Missouri after handgun purchaser licensing law repealed, 2008-2016. 32 33
Key Mechanism for Purchaser Licensing Impact on Gun Violence – Deterring Illegal Transfers
► guns < 12 mo. sale-to-crime increased 2-
fold after Missouri licensing law repeal
(Webster et al. 2013) and declined 76% for
Baltimore crime guns initially sold in MD
(Crifasi et al., 2017)
► 40% on parole or probation in Baltimore
said law made it harder to get a gun
(Crifasi et al., 2017).
34 Handgun Purchaser Licensing Effects on Reducing Gun Violence ► Gun trafficking
► Homicides
► Suicides
► Fatal mass shootings
► Law enforcement officers shot in line of duty and shooting civilians 35 SCOTUS decision on laws regulating civilian gun carrying ► “May Issue” or “good cause” requirement struck down in NY . ► Relaxing restrictions on civilian concealed gun carrying have been found to increase violent crime.
► New JHU study shows harms from May to Shall Issue of concealed carry permits mitigated when states have high standards for prior risks and live fire training requirement
► JHCGVS working on VR system to test ability to appropriately respond to situations when armed
Introduction
Gun Violence Prevention
1 2
3 Gun Violence in the United States: A Public Health
Perspective
Gun Violence in Santa Clara County
4 5
Local Gun Violence Preventative Approaches
Legal Context and Current Policy Efforts
36 Gun Violence Prevention
Gun Violence in Santa Clara County
Marisa McKeown
SUPERVISING DEPUTY DISTRICT ATTORNEY ,
SANTA CLARA COUNTY
Marisa McKeown has been with the DA’s office since 2006. During her 16 years at the DA’s office she was a prolific trial attorney and felony team supervisor, before she was chosen to create the office’s Crime Strategies Unit in 2016. The Crime Strategies Unit is an Intelligence-Led Policing and Prosecution Unit and involves large-scale investigative projects with the County’s police agencies.
As part of this, she created the Gun Related Intelligence Program, overseeing the County’s approach to Gun Violence reduction.
Marisa has spoken across the country about intelligence-led policing and prosecution, training hundreds of police and prosecutors about California Gun Laws, Gun Violence Restraining Orders and gun-related intelligence.
37 Gun Violence Prevention
Gun Violence in Santa Clara County
James Gibbons-Shapiro
ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEY , SANTA CLARA
COUNTY
James Gibbons-Shapiro has worked at the Santa Clara County DA’s Office for 25 years. In 2003 he won the Felony Trial Attorney of the year award for his work on the Sexual Assault Team. Currently he is an Assistant DA managing several teams, including: the Family Violence Team, the Crime Strategies Unit, the Victim Services Unit, the High Tech Crimes Team, the Complaints Team, and the Regional Auto Theft Task Force prosecutors. Part of the Crime Strategies Unit is the Gun Related Intelligence. He chairs the County’s Domestic Violence Death Review Team, and the annual effort to update and revise the County’s Domestic Violence Protocol for Law Enforcement, and the Child Abuse Protocol for Law Enforcement.
38 Gun Violence In
Santa Clara County
By: Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office
ADA James Gibbons-Shapiro & SuDDA Marisa McKeown
August 15, 2022
How is DAO
Involved in
Gun
Violence
Reduction?
Gun Related Intelligence Program
• 2020 County funded a team of analysts, prosecutors and investigators
Data & Intelligence Analysis
• Our job to study gun violence: who, what, when, where & why
• Analysts look every day at gun-related incidents in San Jose Lead Strategies to Combat Gun Violence
• Prevention and intervention: Community Prosecutors &
Crime Strategies Unit
Education
• Interpret and enforce existing gun laws, advise on
enforcement efforts
• Train police, prosecutors, community groups, system partners on gun laws
40 GRIP TEAM:
2022
CSU SuDDA:
McKeown
Lead Intel Analyst:
Ecdao
Intel Analyst:
Kakis
Intel Analyst:
Enos
Gun Attorney:
Vidmar
Gun Attorney:
Mendoza
DA Investigator:
Navarro
DA Investigator:
Crowley
Intern Program
SJPD Sergeant:
Byers
Thank you SJPD!
41 GRIP
Western
Crime Gun
Working
Group
GSVP
Workgroup
Intel Group
SJPD:
Patrol, BOI,
Spec. Ops
Federal
Partners
Crime Lab
GRIP NETWORK
42 Person-Based
Place-Based
Problem-Based
GRIP
Works to
Identify Threats
43 What Does Gun Crime Look Like In San Jose?
3,206
3,547
3,215 3,242 3,400
3,887
4,188 4,444 4,559 4,375
4,832
0 1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
San Jose Violent Crime:
2011 to 2021
1,840
2,014
1,812 1,832 1,855
2,175 2,209 2,208
2,517 2,584
2,787
0 500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
San Jose Aggravated Assaults
2011 to 2021
44 Major Increase
in Agg. Assaults
with Firearm
272
408 392
367 360
431
507
557
485
618
0 100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Aggravated Assault with Firearm:
2011-2020
45 Consistent
with
National
Trends
46 Firearm Victimization Rates Are Racially
Disproportionate To The Population
35%
2%
35%
28%
15%
12% 10%
63%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
White Afr.American Asian/PI Hispanic/Latino
Firearm-Related Hospitalizations by Race/Ethnicity: 2010-2014 Population: Census 2015 Firearm-Related Hospitalizations *Hospitalization data provided by SCC Dept. of Public Health for 2010-2014; Census data from 2015 47
Consistent with
Increased Gun
Submissions
48 Major Increase
in “Ghost Guns”
4 8 18
63 126
141
293
0 50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Number of Ghost Guns Examined by SCC Crime Lab:
2015 - 2021
49 But it’s not all bad
news…
50 More Submitted Guns = More Shootings Linked in NIBIN… 115
251
239
193
305
0 50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Cases Linked In NIBIN: 2017 - 2021 51 Education Means More Issued
Gun Violence Restraining Orders
7 4
31 122 123
0 20
40 60
80 100
120
140
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Gun Violence Restraining Orders Issued -
Santa Clara County
52 Where Are the Gun Crimes
Occurring?
.
53 54
55 56
57 What Kind of
Gun Crimes?
In 2022:
- 856 Gun-Related Police
Reports Reviewed
- Analysts read each report
- Looking for prohibited
people, ongoing danger
- Develop a Plan
Illegal
Firearm
Possession
33%
Armed
Robberies
16%
Criminal
Threats
11%
Assaults/Att.
Murder
9%
Brandishing
9%
Shots Fired
8%
Carjackings
4%
Homicides
1%
Other
9%
58 What Can Be Done?
EDUCATION PREVENTION INTELLIGENCE-
DRIVEN SOLUTIONS
THREAT
IDENTIFICATION
MULTIDISCIPLINARY
COLLABORATION
59 Success Is
Possible
• Leverage Science
• More Linked Shootings, More DNA Hits
• Leverage Analysts
• More Successful Prosecutions
• Leverage California’s Robust Gun Laws
• More Gun Violence Restraining Orders
• Leverage the Community!
• More Public Discussion & Involvement
60 Gun Violence in Santa Clara County
Rhonda McClinton-Brown, MPH
DIRECTOR, HEALTHY COMMUNITIES BRANCH,
SANTA CLARA COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH DEPT.
Rhonda has more than 25 years of experience in the field of community health. Before working at the County Public Health Department, she spent 12 years as the executive director for Community Health Partnership. Afterwards, she transitioned into Stanford’s School of Medicine as the Executive Director of their Office of Community Health. In 2012, Rhonda received the Inspiring Change Leadership Award for her exceptional
commitment and ability in enhancing the health and wellbeing of her local communities.
61 Cost of Gun
Violence Study
Rhonda McClinton -Brown, Branch Director, Healthy Communities Branch AUGUST 15, 2022
Background
63 Forms of Gun Violence
MAJOR CATEGORIES OF GUN VIOLENCE
Intentional self-harm and suicide
Unintentional harm to self or others (accidental)
Intentional interpersonal harm
Undetermined intent
Gun
Violence
Non-Fatal
Self-
inflicted
Intentional
(suicide)
Unintentional
Inflicted
on others
Fatal
64 Racial Equity Lens
Gun violence impact racial groups in
different ways
• White seniors have higher rates of gun suicides
• African/African Ancestry and Latino residents
are disproportionately impacted by gun
assault/homicides1,2
1Impact of Gun Violence on Black Americans, Everytown, Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund analysis of Mapping Police Violence 2017–2021, US Census Bureau
2Everytown Research and Policy, The Impact of Gun Violence on Latinx Communities, 2022 65 Study Purpose
and Methods
66 Study Purpose
Quantify the economic and societal costs
associated with gun violence in Santa
Clara County from 2000 to 2021 and
inform policy options and strategies to
advance violence prevention.
67 Cost of Gun Violence
Direct and
tangible costs
include
Healthcare
system
Criminal
justice
system
Other public
sectors
Indirect and
intangible costs
include
Lost income
Lost quality-
of-life.
68 Key Findings
69 Trend of Total Cost of Firearm
Violence
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 $0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
$1,600
Cost estimates (in millions)
70 Costs for Firearm Violence by
Type of Costs
Work
11% ($127M)
Criminal Justice
6%($72M)
Medical
1%
Mental Health
0.1%
Fire
0.02%
Employer
0.1%
Quality of Life
82% ($951M)
Cost by Type =
Direct, indirect,
tangible, and
intangible costs to
society as a result
of firearm injuries
and death
71 Costs for Firearm Violence By
Intent
Assault, 53%
$727M
Legal intervention, 4%
$55M Intentional self-harm, 37%
$517M
Undetermined, 2%
Unintentional, 4%
72 Costs of Firearm Violence:
City of San Jose (Jan. 2022)*
for Research and Evaluation
• Per-capita costs for firearm
injuries were $977 in the
City of San Jose, nearly
double the per-capita cost
of $523 in the rest of the
County
73 Non-fatal Firearm Injury Related
ED Visits by Race/ethnicity
81 54
350
101
34.1 1.8
12.4 3.3
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 35
40 0
50 100
150
200
250
300
350
400
African American Asian/PI Latino White
Age-adjusted rate per 100,000 people
Number of visits
Count Rate
African/African Ancestry
74 Firearm Death by Race/ethnicity
42 129
221
419
5.9 1
2.4 3
0 1
2 3
4 5
6 7
0 50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
African/African Ancestry Asian Latino White
Age-adjusted rate per 100,000 people
Number of deaths
Count Rate
75 Recommendations
76 Stakeholder Interviews
Community-based
organizations (CBOs), groups,
and neighborhood
associations
Gun prevention
advocacy groups
Cities
District Attorney’s
OfficeProbation Office
Office of Reentry
Services
Office of Pretrial
Services
Prevention
Institute led focus
groups with local
stakeholders
involved in gun
violence
prevention
Residents
Behavioral
Health
77 STRENGTHEN POLICY, ADVOCACY,
AND PUBLIC AWARENESS
Recommendation #1: Encourage the adoption of gun
safety policies and practices
To ensure gun safety for gun owners and the broader community.
Recommendation #2: Use Racial Equity Impact
Assessment tools
to evaluate the County's policy position on guns and advocate for more equitable prevention policies at the county, state, and federal levels.
Recommendation #3: Implement public awareness
and education campaigns on gun violence prevention
to improve gun safety practices, broaden public understanding of gun safety laws, and support trauma-informed healing.
78 Increase Protective Factors
that Advance Equity
Recommendation #4: Adopt and replicate community-
centered, place-based approaches
to gun violence prevention in neighborhoods facing concentrated disadvantage and/or concentration of risk factors for gun violence.
Recommendation #5: Expand partnerships with ethnic
behavioral health service providers
to strengthen community-based crisis intervention, de-escalation, and mobile mental health crisis care; improve policies and protocols to separate people in crisis from access to firearms, and reduce the use of force during interventions.
Recommendation #6: Support excluded youth by
increasing partnerships between cities, school districts, and the County to expand community-led social, recreational, behavioral, educational, and employment opportunities.
79 Strengthen Government and CommunityLevel
Coordination and Data Systems
Recommendation #7: Establish a gun safety data workgroup to guide the development of a data-to-action dashboard. 80 Resources and Tools
Below is a list of resources and tools for developing effective gun violence prevention policies and programs
◦ - Community Safety Realized: Public Health Pathways to Prevention Violence –Prevention Institute ◦ -https://www.preventioninstitute.org/projects/community-safety-realized-public-health-pathways- preventing-violence
◦ - Racial Equity Impact Assessment – developed by EFSGV ◦ EFSGV, Public Health Approach to Gun Violence Prevention, https://efsgv.org/learn/learn-more- about-gun-violence/public-health-approach-to-gun-violence-prevention/ ◦ Gun Policy Research Review – Rand Corporation
◦ https://www.rand.org/research/gun-policy/analysis.html ◦ Community Gun Violence - Effective Violence Intervention and Prevention Programs - EFSGV ◦ https://efsgv.org/learn/type-of-gun-violence/community-gun-violence/ 81 Introduction
Gun Violence Prevention
1 2
3 Gun Violence in the United States: A Public Health
Perspective
Gun Violence in Santa Clara County
4 5
Local Gun Violence Preventative Approaches
Legal Context and Current Policy Efforts
82 Youth Intervention Services
Mayor’s Gang Prevention Task Force
Gun Violence Prevention Study Session
Andrea Flores Shelton, Deputy Director
Community Services Division
Parks, Recreation and Neighborhood Services
Local Gun Violence Preventative Approaches
Community Crisis Response Protocol
84 BEST
Street Outreach
• Crisis Response
• One on One Mediation
• Group Mediation
• Climate Check
• Cold Street Contact
• Referrals to Support
Services
• Pro-Social Activities
85 86
Disseminate information
in all City and County
facilities on existing gun
violence prevention and
safety practices,
ordinances
Increase knowledge
and protective
factors in young
people
Reduce youth risk
factors in priority
neighborhoods and
schools
Conduct at least 3
additional youth-led,
school safety initiatives
such as Sandy Hook
Promise (Total=6)
Complete design of a
community-level
response for youth
who have committed
gun-related offenses
Reduce
recidivism among
young people
ages 12-24
MGPTF 2025 Objective and Key Results Related to Gun Violence Prevention August 2022 – DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY87
Gun Violence Prevention
Local Gun Violence Preventative Approaches
Yun (Annie) Wu, MPH
HEALTH PLANNING SPECIALIST, COUNTY OF
SANTA CLARA PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
Annie has played a variety of roles in the field of public health and social services, serving marginalized
communities as a frontline service provider , researcher , community organizer, and program administrator. Annie
worked for the American Heart Association as a
Community Impact Manager, liaising with community
programs and health systems in the county to advance
chronic disease prevention. She has also led community- based research and evaluation in the areas of housing and health, health care system redesign, and community
development, and has also worked in international
development in Tanzania and India.
88 East San Jose PEACE Partnership
East San Jose is a healthy, peaceful, and empowered community Annie Wu
August 15, 2022
89 Accessed from Santa Clara County Public Heath Department, Data and Statistics, 2016 City and Small Area/Neighborhood Profiles 90 Why East San Jose
Life Expectancy 82.3 83.9 82.0 83.4
Average # violent crime w/in 1 mile 33.51 20.01 21.8 16.04 Median Income 59,695$ 41,162$ 83,787$ $93,854
Single Parent Households 9% 19% 8% 7%
Overcrowded Households 22% 30% 10% 8%
Avg. Distance to nearest park 0.49 0.19 0.29 0.29
Alcohol Retailers per sq. mile 6.2 21.9 2.7 2.7
Births per 1,000 teen females 38.5 52.6 25.3 19.2
Diabetes Deaths per 100,000 ppl 50.8 - 29.2 23.2
Unemployed ages > 16 years 13% 13% 10% 9%
Demographics & Health Status
2016 Alum Rock Mayfair Santee SCCSan Jose
82.3 50.99
47,063$
11%
30%
0.15 4.7
51.8 45.7
13%
Community Strengths
Community pride
Diversity of cultural
heritage
Rich history of resident
activism
Community assets and
resilience
91 PEACE(Prevention Efforts to Advance Community Equity) East San Jose residents
Grassroots community
organizations
Community based
organizations
Businesses
Community Clinics
Philanthropy
Youth organizations
Community activists
County and City of San Jose
government agencies
92 93
PEACE PARTNERSHIP
HIGHLIGHTS
COVID-19 Relief Funding, 2020
95 ESJPP Leadership Team approved allocation of $175,000 for a PEACE Relief Fund from its Wellness Fund targeted to beneficiaries who reside in the three- PEACE zip codes who are ineligible for government relief due to their immigration status.
Raised and distributed more than $600,000 to support over 730 ESJ individuals and families, and over 30 small businesses in need.
Violence Prevention Activities
96 Preventing Intimate Partner Violence through upstream system change:
Clinic to Community Linkages – universal education and screening of IPV in clinic setting.
Building capacity through the promotora model to do outreach and education
Supporting community-based healing and peacemaking
Hold community conversations after police shootings
Facilitate dialogue between community and police
Organize healing-focused forum in response to anti-Asian violence Thank You
Facebook: www.facebook.com/esjpeace
Website: https://esjpeace.wordpress.com/
97 BETTER HEALTH FOR ALL
Gun Violence Orders
Lt. Steve Donohue
San José Police DepartmentGun Violence Prevention
Local Gun Violence Preventative Approaches
What are they?
◈ Court Orders
◈ Prohibit Guns and Ammunition
◈ Orders are Civil, not Criminal
◈ Violations are Criminal
100
What do they do?
◈ No Possessing or
Owning
◈ No Buying or Receiving
◈ Must Turn In, Sell, or
Store
◈ Keep People Away
◈ Stop Contact or
Harassment
◈ Make People Move
Out
101
What don’t they do?
What are the requirements?
The person to be restrained poses a significant danger in the near future of…
◈ Causing injury to themselves or another person by having a firearm
◈ The order is needed for protection
◈ Less restrictive alternatives have been tried or would not work
for the current situation
102
When are they used?
◈ Threats
⬩ ex: Active Shooters
⬩ ex: Neighbor Disturbances
◈ Danger to Self or Others
⬩ ex: “5150”
⬩ ex: Dementia
◈ Domestic Violence
103
When are they NOT necessary?
◈ Prohibited Persons
⬩ Felons
⬩ Some Misdemeanants
⬩ Prior “5150”s
⬩ Other Restrained Persons (DVROs, CPOs)
104
Who can obtain one?
105
Law Enforcement
Family Members
Coworkers Employers
Teachers & FacultyHousehold Members
Are there different kinds?
◈ Gun Violence Emergency Protective Order
⬩ “GVEPO”
◈ Ex Parte Gun Violence Restraining Order
⬩ “Ex Parte GVRO”
◈ Order After Hearing
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107
Law Enforcement
City Attorney’s Office
or County Counsel
or Members of the Public
Judge
21 days
GVEPO Ex Parte GVRO Order After Hearing
21 days 1 - 5 years
Officer Safety Considerations for Delayed Service
Immediate DelayedDelayed
108
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 70
FY 17-18 FY 18-19 FY 19-20 FY 20-21 FY 21-22
0 22
34 48
66 GVEPOs Filed by SJPD
How do we increase the numbers?
◈ Public Education
◈ Officer Training
◈ Collaboration with the Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office
◈ Directed Personnel Tasking
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Communication &
Proactive Engagement
Gun Violence Prevention
Legal Context and Current Policy Efforts
Shannon Frattaroli, PhD
PROFESSOR
Shannon Frattaroli translates evidence about injury and violence prevention into policies and practices that will create safe places for people to thrive.
Center & Institute Affiliations
Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions
Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy
Center for Qualitative Studies in Health and Medicine 111
Adam Winkler
UCLA, CONNELL PROFESSOR OF LAW
Professor Adam Winkler is a specialist in American
constitutional law, the Supreme Court, and gun policy. His book We the Corporations: How American Businesses Won Their Civil Rights (2018), was a finalist for the National Book Award, the National Book Critics Circle Award, the American Bar Association's Silver Gavel Award, the California Book Award, and received the Scribes Award. He is also the author of Gunfight:
The Battle over the Right to Bear Arms in America (2011). His scholarship has been cited in landmark Supreme Court cases on the First and Second Amendments, and
he is one of the twenty
most cited law professors in judicial opinions today. He also served as co-editor of the Encyclopedia of the American Constitution (2d Edition).
Gun Violence Prevention
Legal Context and Current Policy Efforts
112
Gun Violence Prevention
City Manager’s Office
Study Session
August 15, 2022
Facilitators
Sarah Zárate Director, Office of Administration, Policy, & Intergovernmental Relations Peter Hamilton Assistant to the City Manager, Office of Administration, Policy, & Intergovernmental Relations Thank You!
Daniel Webster,ScD (Johns Hopkins, Bloomberg School of Public Health) Marisa McKeown, Supervising Deputy District Attorney (Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office) James Gibbons-Shapiro, Assistant District Attorney (Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office) Rhonda McClinton-Brown, MPH (Santa Clara County Public Health) Andrea Flores-Shelton + the Parks, Recreation, and Neighborhood Services Department Yun (Annie) Wu, MPH (Santa Clara County Public Health)
Lt. Steve Donohue + the San Jose Police Department
Shannon Frattaroli, PhD (Johns Hopkins, Bloomberg School of Public Health) Adam Winkler (UCLA)
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