San Leandro City Council
March 18, 2024

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EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN

LETTER OF PROMULGATION
The preserva�on of life and property is an inherent responsibility of all levels of government. The City of San Leandro has prepared this Emergency Opera�ons Plan – Base Plan to support the effec�ve and economical alloca�on of resources to protect people and property in �mes of crisis.

While no plan can completely prevent death and destruc�on, good plans carried out by knowledgeable and welltrained personnel can minimize losses. This plan establishes the emergency organiza�on, assigns tasks, specifies policies and general procedures, and coordinates the planning efforts of various emergency staff and service elements using the Standardized Emergency Management System. This plan aims to incorporate and coordinate all City of San Leandro facili�es and personnel into a unified organiza�on capable of responding to emergencies.

Once adopted, this plan is an extension of the County of Alameda’s Emergency Opera�ons Plan and the California Emergency Plan. It will be reviewed, tested periodically, and revised as necessary to meet changing condi�ons. The City of San Leandro City Council fully supports this Emergency Opera�ons Plan and urges all public employees and individuals to prepare for �mes of emergency before they occur.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Leter of Promulga�on................................................................................................................................................3 List of Figures..............................................................................................................................................................5 List of Tables...............................................................................................................................................................5 Approval and Implementa�on....................................................................................................................................6 Record of Changes......................................................................................................................................................7 Record of Concurrence...............................................................................................................................................8 Record of Distribu�on ................................................................................................................................................9

1. Introduc�on..................................................................................................................................................... 10

1.1. Purpose.................................................................................................................................................... 10

1.2. Scope ....................................................................................................................................................... 10

1.3. Planning Assump�ons ............................................................................................................................. 11

1.4. Equity and Inclusion................................................................................................................................. 12

2. Situa�on........................................................................................................................................................... 14

2.1. Geography ............................................................................................................................................... 14

2.2. Popula�on and Demographics ................................................................................................................ 14

2.3. Mi�ga�on Overview ................................................................................................................................ 14

2.4. Hazard Analysis Summary........................................................................................................................ 15

3. Direc�on, Control, and Coordina�on .............................................................................................................. 19

3.1. Na�onal Incident Management System (NIMS) and Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS)19

3.2. EOC and Field Coordina�on..................................................................................................................... 20

3.3. Department Opera�ons Centers............................................................................................................. 21

3.4. Opera�onal Area Coordina�on ............................................................................................................... 21

3.5. Emergency Support Func�ons................................................................................................................. 21

3.6. Mutual Aid............................................................................................................................................... 21

4. Concept of Opera�ons..................................................................................................................................... 24

4.1. Daily Emergency Organiza�on................................................................................................................. 24

4.2. Preparedness........................................................................................................................................... 25

4.3. Response.................................................................................................................................................. 27

4.4. Organiza�on and Assignment of Responsibili�es.................................................................................... 30

4.5. Transi�on to Recovery ............................................................................................................................. 33

4.6. A�er-Ac�on Repor�ng............................................................................................................................. 35

5. Con�nuity of Government Opera�ons............................................................................................................ 36

5.1. Con�nuity of Government....................................................................................................................... 36

5.2. Orders of Succession ............................................................................................................................... 36

5.3. Preserva�on of Vital Records .................................................................................................................. 37

6. Informa�on Collec�on, Analysis, and Dissemina�on...................................................................................... 39

6.1. Intelligence and Informa�on ................................................................................................................... 39

6.2. Public Informa�on ................................................................................................................................... 39

7. Administra�on, Finance, and Logis�cs............................................................................................................ 41

7.1. Documenta�on........................................................................................................................................ 41

7.2. Finance .................................................................................................................................................... 41 CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 5

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN

7.3. Logis�cs ................................................................................................................................................... 41

8. Plan Development and Maintenance .............................................................................................................. 43

9. Appendices...................................................................................................................................................... 44

9.1. Authori�es............................................................................................................................................... 44

9.2. Acronyms and Abbrevia�ons................................................................................................................... 45

9.3. Glossary ................................................................................................................................................... 46

9.4. Emergency Support Func�on Coordinators ............................................................................................ 50

9.5. Disaster Assistance Programs.................................................................................................................. 52

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: SEMS Organiza�onal Levels...................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 2: California Mutual Aid Regions.................................................................................................................. 22 Figure 3: Discipline-Specific Mutual Aid System...................................................................................................... 23 Figure 4: EOC Organiza�on...................................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 5: Resource Request Process........................................................................................................................ 42

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Record of Changes.........................................................................................................................................7 Table 2: Record of Distribu�on...................................................................................................................................9 Table 3: Select Socioeconomic Sta�s�cs ................................................................................................................. 14 Table 4: Hazard Analysis Summary .......................................................................................................................... 16 Table 5: Local Proclama�on of Emergency Overview.............................................................................................. 28 Table 6: EOC Ac�va�on Levels................................................................................................................................. 29 Table 7: Departmental EOC Responsibili�es............................................................................................................ 33 Table 8: City of San Leandro Government Seat Facili�es ........................................................................................ 36 Table 9: City of San Leandro EOC Facili�es.............................................................................................................. 36 Table 10: Orders of Succession................................................................................................................................ 37 Table 11: Acronyms and Abbrevia�ons................................................................................................................... 45 Table 12: Emergency Support Func�on Coordinator .............................................................................................. 51 Table 13: Disaster Assistance Programs Overview .................................................................................................. 53 CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 6

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN

APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION
The City of San Leandro Emergency Opera�ons Plan – Base Plan provides a comprehensive approach to managing incidents of all types. This plan is intended to be read and understood before an emergency occurs.

The City of San Leandro Emergency Opera�ons Plan - Base Plan may be ac�vated by the Director of Emergency Services or designated alternates under any of the following circumstances:
• On the order of the Director of Emergency Services as outlined in the City of San Leandro Municipal Code (Title 3 Chapter 4.)
• Automa�cally on the proclama�on of a State of War Emergency as defined in the California Emergency Services Act (Chapter 7, Division 1, Title 2, California Government Code.) • Upon the declara�on by the President of the existence of a Na�onal Emergency. • Automa�cally, on receipt of a confirmed high-risk threat of an atack on the United States or upon the occurrence of a catastrophic disaster that requires an immediate government response.

The City of San Leandro Emergency Opera�ons Plan – Base Plan was developed with input from City of San Leandro departments, the local business community, and residents and visitors of the City. This plan is prepared and maintained under the oversight of the Director of Emergency Services. Upon the delega�on of authority from the Director of Emergency Services, specific modifica�ons can be made to this plan without the signature of the City Council.

The Emergency Opera�ons Plan - Base Plan, func�onal and hazard-specific annexes, and all other suppor�ng content supersede all previous versions and other itera�ons of this document. The City of San Leandro Emergency Opera�ons Plan - Base Plan shall be effec�ve immediately upon resolu�on of the City Council.

Concurrence regarding details in the Emergency Opera�ons Plan – Base Plan is documented using the concurrence agreement.

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EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN

RECORD OF CHANGES
Any approved addi�ons or modifica�ons to the City of San Leandro Emergency Opera�ons Plan - Base Plan are documented and noted. A�er any change to the plan, the Director of Emergency Services ensures that the updated version is distributed to all departments, agencies, and individuals iden�fied in the Record of Distribu�on.

Change # Date of Change Section Summary of Change Entered By Table 1: Record of Changes
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RECORD OF CONCURRENCE
The following list of signatures documents each City Council Member’s concurrence and receipt of the City of San Leandro’s Emergency Opera�ons Plan - Base Plan in 2023.

Council Member/Mayor ____________________________________________________ Date
Council Member ____________________________________________________ Date
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EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN

RECORD OF DISTRIBUTION
The Director of Emergency Services is responsible for upda�ng, maintaining, and distribu�ng the City of San Leandro Emergency Opera�on Plan - Base Plan. The Emergency Opera�ons Plan - Base Plan is available to all City departments, special districts, and allied partner agencies with roles and responsibili�es outlined in the document.

Organization Date Received Number of Copies
Table 2: Record of Distribution
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EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. PURPOSE
The City of San Leandro Emergency Opera�ons Plan – Base Plan (EOP) describes the framework for how the City of San Leandro (the City) manages emergency opera�ons before, during, and a�er any natural or human-caused disasters. The specific purpose of the EOP is to:
• Describe the responsibili�es, authori�es, and func�ons of the City during �mes of emergency. • Guide all emergency preparedness, response, and recovery opera�ons within the City. • Facilitate coordinated emergency opera�ons across and between jurisdic�ons and agencies. • Acknowledge the City of San Leandro’s adop�on of California’s Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS), Incident Command System (ICS), and Na�onal Incident Management System (NIMS). • Provide inclusive and culturally competent response and recovery services to ensure equity for diverse popula�ons.
• Deliver preparedness, planning, response, and recovery resources for the access and func�onal needs of the community and their specific requirements.

The City of San Leandro EOP incorporates and complies with the principles and requirements found in state and federal laws, regula�ons, and guidelines. It references the California State Emergency Plan and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101.1 It is designed to conform to the requirements of SEMS, as defined in the Government Code of the State of California Sec�on 8607(a)2 and Title 19, California Code of Regula�ons (CCR), Division 2, Chapter 1, and NIMS.

1.2. SCOPE
The EOP is intended to be used by all City agencies when responding to any hazard or threat that necessitates a coordinated response between mul�ple agencies, jurisdic�ons, or levels of government. The concepts and prac�ces within this EOP are designed to be flexible and scaled based on the size and complexity of an incident.

This EOP applies to all agencies and individuals, both public and private, that have emergency management responsibili�es within the City of San Leandro. Allied agencies, special districts, private enterprises, and volunteer organiza�ons with roles and responsibili�es established by this plan maintain opera�ng protocols consistent with the policies and procedures established by this plan.

Planning Documents
This EOP is intended to provide the conceptual and legal basis for other planning documents that support emergency management within the City of San Leandro.
• Emergency Opera�ons Plan – Base Plan (EOP): Describes the emergency organiza�on and overarching all-hazards response to emergencies within the City. The EOP is intended to be used in conjunc�on with other organiza�onal tac�cal, opera�onal, and strategic plans. 1 htps://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_cpg-101-v3-developing-maintaining-eops.pdf 2 htps://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySec�on.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&sec�onNum=8607.#:~:text=(a)%20The %20Office%20of%20Emergency,use%20by%20all%20emergency%20response CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 11

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
• Func�onal Annexes: Published separately, func�onal annexes build on concepts from the EOP by detailing the responsibili�es, tasks, and ac�ons related to implemen�ng a specific emergency func�on (e.g., sheltering, evacua�on).
• Hazard-Specific Annexes: Published separately, hazard-specific annexes build on concepts from the EOP by detailing the responsibili�es, tasks, and ac�ons related to responding to a specific hazard or threat (e.g., wildfire, earthquake).
• Standard Opera�ng Procedures (SOP): Published separately, SOPs support the execu�on of the EOP and associated annexes by providing step-by-step instruc�ons and details specific to the roles and responsibili�es of individual departments. SOPs may include checklists, appendices, and resource guides as addi�onal documenta�on.
• Local Hazard Mi�ga�on Plan (LHMP): Published separately, the LHMP iden�fies community-level policies and ac�ons to mi�gate and reduce the impacts of natural hazards. The LHMP forms the founda�on for San Leandro’s long-term strategy to reduce disaster losses.

The Alameda County Opera�onal Area (OA) EOP can be referenced for func�onal or hazard-specific annexes not included in San Leandro’s planning documents.

1.3. PLANNING ASSUMPTIONS
Certain planning assump�ons were considered during the development of the EOP. These assump�ons translate into basic principles associated with conduc�ng emergency management opera�ons in prepara�on for, response to, and recovery from major emergencies. Assump�ons provide context, requirements, and situa�onal reali�es that must be addressed in plan development and emergency opera�ons.

The following assump�ons were considered when developing the City of San Leandro EOP:
• A major disaster or significant incident can occur at any �me or place. Dissemina�on of warning to the public and implementa�on of readiness measures may be possible. However, emergencies may develop with litle or no warning.
• All departments, agencies, and personnel responding to an incident will do so in a manner consistent with SEMS and NIMS, and all response ac�vi�es will occur at the lowest possible level of government. • The City of San Leandro is primarily responsible for emergency ac�ons within the City boundaries and will commit all available resources to save lives, minimize injury to persons, and reduce property damage.
• Large-scale incidents may overburden local resources and necessitate mutual aid from neighboring jurisdic�ons, understanding that mutual aid resources may not be available. • The City of San Leandro will exhaust or expect to soon exhaust all local resources before reques�ng outside assistance.
• Large-scale incidents and the complex response organiza�onal structure required pose significant challenges regarding warning, logis�cs, and agency coordina�on. • Strategic decisions when responding to large-scale or complex will consider long-term threats to public health, property, the environment, and the local economy. • Policies and plans can have unintended or adverse impacts. This EOP aims to limit these impacts and create a culture that allows for diversity, equity, and inclusion through all aspects of emergency management in the City of San Leandro.

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• The par�cipa�on of diverse communi�es during the preparedness and response planning phases helps to ensure equity and inclusion during response opera�ons. • Cri�cal infrastructure, including communica�ons, transporta�on, and u�li�es, may be disrupted.

1.4. EQUITY AND INCLUSION
The City of San Leandro conducts all emergency response ac�vi�es in accordance with federal nondiscrimina�on laws. The City of San Leandro’s policy is that no service will be denied based on race, religion, na�onal origin, age, sex, marital status, veteran status, sexual orienta�on, or the presence of any sensory, mental, or physical disability. The City of San Leandro works to ensure that all response opera�ons, including evacua�on, sheltering, and alert and warning mechanisms comply with provisions of the Americans with Disabili�es Act of 1990 (ADA) 3 and other state regula�ons. The City of San Leandro is commited to ensuring the planning, development, and review process incorporates engagement, considera�ons, and input from the access and func�onal needs community, as outlined in regula�ons including:
• AB 2311 (Brown, Ch. 520, Stats. 2016)4
• AB 477 (Cervantes, Ch. 218, Stats. 2019)5
• SB 160 (Jackson, Ch. 402, Stats. 2019)6
Individuals from diverse popula�ons and those with access and func�onal needs are o�en dispropor�onately affected and may be more vulnerable to the impacts of disasters. Individuals with access and func�onal needs and other at-risk groups may have specific concerns or requirements during incident response. These groups may include individuals not in contact with tradi�onal emergency services or community providers and those who feel they need help to access community resources safely.

The City of San Leandro is dedicated to ensuring complete services to all vulnerable popula�ons, including individuals who:
• Have disabili�es, including temporary or short-term disabili�es • Have a vision or hearing loss
• Live in ins�tu�onal se�ngs
• Do not speak English as a first language
• Do not have reliable transporta�on
• Do not have access to tradi�onal media, including television, radio, and social media • Are from diverse cultures
• Are geographically or culturally isolated
The following popula�ons may also require addi�onal assistance during an incident and have been considered in the development of this plan:
• Older adults
• Unaccompanied children
3 htps://www.ada.gov/topics/intro-toada/#:~:text=The%20ADA%20guarantees%20that%20people,state%20and%20local%20government%20programs 4 htps://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB2311 5 htps://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB477 6 htps://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB160 CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 13

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
• Unhoused individuals
• Visitors
By using a whole community approach to emergency management, the City of San Leandro EOP is intended to ensure policies, services, and communica�ons equitably serve all individuals who reside in, work in, or visit the City of San Leandro. In addi�on to mee�ng the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) requirements and rising to federal best prac�ces, a rigorous whole community planning process strengthens community rela�onships within the City of San Leandro and across the Alameda County OA. A strong bond with community partners is cri�cal for first responders during �mes of crisis. Fostering a whole community approach establishes rela�onships that facilitate more effec�ve mi�ga�on, preparedness, response, and recovery ac�vi�es, increasing individual and collec�ve preparedness throughout the City of San Leandro.

The City of San Leandro is dedicated to ensuring that planning and response documents adequately consider the needs of diverse popula�ons and those with access and func�onal needs. A public-facing survey was distributed on social media and paper forms, allowing residents, visitors, and employees who spend �me in San Leandro to comment on the most important issues and provide sugges�ons for improvement to the City. Over seven weeks, 11,959 responses were recorded. Leaders from Resilience Hubs around the City were also offered an opportunity to review and comment on a dra� version of the EOP.

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2. SITUATION

2.1. GEOGRAPHY
The City of San Leandro is in Alameda County along the shores of the San Francisco Bay in the East Bay sub-area.

The City covers 13.34 mi2 of land,
7 2.1 mi2 of water, and is bound by the City of Oakland to the north, the East Bay Hills to the east, the unincorporated communi�es of San Lorenzo and Ashland to the south, and the San Francisco Bay to west. Most of the City is located on the East Bay Plain, a flat area extending 50 miles from Richmond in the north to San Jose in the South. The plain transi�ons into low hills on the City’s eastern edge, while the western edge slopes into the San Francisco Bay.8 San Leandro has a temperate climate characterized by long summers that are warm and arid, with short, mild, and wet winters. Annually, temperatures typically vary between 43°F and 75°F. Most rain occurs between November and April.

Three highways are accessible in San Leandro: I-880 and I-580 running north-south, and I-238 running east-west.

Public transit includes two Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) sta�ons and local bus routes.

2.2. POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS
The U.S. Census Bureau recorded a citywide popula�on of 91,008 for the City of San Leandro in 2020. Within San Leandro, about 31% of residents iden�fy as Asian; 27.6% as Hispanic or La�no; 21.5% as White (not Hispanic or La�no); 10.3% as Black or African American; 9.2% as “two or more races”; 1.7 % as Na�ve Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander; 0.9% American Indian and Alaska Na�ve.9

Select socioeconomic informa�on is shown in the table below.10 Population Fact Number
Persons under 5 years 4.1%
Persons 65 years and older 16.5%
Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5+ (2017-2021) 51.6% Persons with a disability, under age 65 years (2017-2021) 7.1% Persons in poverty 9.3%
Table 3: Select Socioeconomic Statistics

2.3. MITIGATION OVERVIEW
Hazard mi�ga�on seeks to eliminate or reduce human suffering and property damage from natural and manmade hazards, including pre-disaster and post-disaster ac�vi�es. The Federal Disaster Mi�ga�on Act of 200011 requires jurisdic�ons to develop and adopt hazard mi�ga�on plans that incorporate a risk analysis of 7 htps://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sanleandrocitycalifornia/INC110221 8 htps://www.sanleandro.org/DocumentCenter/View/6112/San-Leandro-Local-Hazard-Mi�ga�on-Plan-PDF?bidId= 9 htps://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sanleandrocitycalifornia/INC110221#qf-headnote-b 10 htps://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sanleandrocitycalifornia/INC110221#qf-headnote-b 11 htps://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-11/fema_disaster-mi�ga�on-act-of-2000_10-30-2000.pdf CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 15

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
natural hazards, iden�fy mi�ga�on strategies, and, where appropriate, incorporate mi�ga�on strategies into general plans and planning mechanisms.

In 2017, the City of San Leandro Hazard Mi�ga�on Team, comprised of members chosen based on their ability to provide detailed informa�on regarding hazards within San Leandro due to their subject mater exper�se within their field, coordinated the prepara�on and publica�on of the City of San Leandro Local Hazard Mi�ga�on Plan (LHMP), which is updated on a 5-year cycle. The LHMP con�nues San Leandro’s emphasis on hazard mi�ga�on before disasters, including maintenance of infrastructure, requirements for new construc�on beyond the uniform codes, and educa�on of residents and community groups.

The LHMP contains four specific goals that are the founda�on and basis for hazard mi�ga�on in the City of San Leandro:
• Goal 1: Protect the community. Protect the community from unreasonable risk to life and property caused by hazards and/or disaster events.
• Goal 2: Build local government capacity. Build local government capacity by hardening facili�es, upda�ng, and implemen�ng a con�nuity of government plan to respond to hazards and disaster events. • Goal 3: Protect economic resources. Protect San Leandro’s economic resources to provide assistance in disaster relief and recovery; and sustain an economic base to support services for San Leandro residents, employees, and visitors.
• Goal 4: Establish a comprehensive outreach plan. Establish a comprehensive outreach plan to empower residents to be beter educated about, prepared for, and self-reliant to address hazards or disaster events through mul�layered rela�onships with the community.

2.4. HAZARD ANALYSIS SUMMARY
The San Leandro LHMP describes the range of threats the City is vulnerable to. This sec�on profiles a summary of hazards, in alphabe�cal order, iden�fied and screened by the City of San Leandro Hazard Mi�ga�on Planning Team. The EOP is designed to manage the response to all hazards, including, but not limited to, the threats profiled in this sec�on. More informa�on on poten�al hazards and impacts on the City of San Leandro is outlined in the LHMP. 12
Hazard Risk Probability
Dam Failure Low
Drought High
Earthquake High
Extreme Heat* High
Flood Medium
Levee Failure Low
Landslide Medium
Sea Level Rise Low
Urban Wildland Fire Medium
Wind Event** High
Risk Probability:
12 htps://www.sanleandro.org/DocumentCenter/View/6112/San-Leandro-Local-Hazard-Mi�ga�on-Plan-PDF?bidId= CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 16

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• High: occurring every 1-10 years
• Medium: occurring every 10-50 years
• Low: occurring at intervals greater than 50 years
* In the LHMP, extreme heat is qualified as low probability. In recent years, extreme heat has become more prevalent, as outlined in the City of San Leandro Climate Action Plan vulnerability assessment.13,14 ** Not profiled in the LHMP but considered a significant hazard by the City of San Leandro EOP Planning Team.

Table 4: Hazard Analysis Summary
Dam Failure
Dams are manufactured structures built for various uses, including flood protec�on, power genera�on, agriculture, water supply, and recrea�on. Significant, even catastrophic flooding can occur in valley areas downstream of major dams in the event of complete or par�al dam failure. These incidents are extremely rare due to the stringent design and permi�ng requirements for dam construc�on and opera�on. However, if prolonged rainfall and flooding exceed the design requirements, that structure may be overtopped or fail.

As outlined in the LHMP, significant por�ons of the City of San Leandro would be flooded in the event of complete dam failure at the Lake Chabot or Upper San Leandro Reservoirs. Flood water from a dam failure could reach the City’s western por�on in under 25 minutes, producing catastrophic damage and casual�es. The dams at both reservoirs have been seismically strengthened during the last 30 years, making the risk of failure extremely low.

Drought
A drought is a gradual phenomenon that occurs over several dry years, deple�ng reservoirs and groundwater basins without the expected annual recharge from winter precipita�on. In recent years, droughts have occurred with increased frequency and dura�on, impac�ng human water consump�on, agricultural and hydroelectric produc�on, and other economic drivers. During drought, air and water quality are reduced, and some individuals may see a decrease in sanita�on and hygiene due to limited water supplies. This can lead to the spread of infec�ous diseases or the consump�on of improperly cleaned food.

Water restric�ons may be implemented to support water conserva�on efforts when water supply issues become increasingly scarce. During past drought events, San Leandro has enacted water ra�oning and promoted alterna�ve measures to conserve water.

Earthquake
Earthquakes occur when two tectonic plates slip past each other beneath the earth’s surface, causing sudden and rapid shaking of the surrounding ground. In addi�on to ground shaking, earthquakes may cause secondary emergencies, including liquefac�on, dam and levee failures, tsunamis and seiches, hazardous material incidents, fires, and landslides.

The Hayward Fault runs directly through San Leandro, parallel to Highway 580 and Highway 880. An earthquake on the Hayward Fault would significantly impact the City of San Leandro and could lead to further disasters such as liquefac�on, tsunamis, and earthquake-induced landslides. The San Andreas Fault, located approximately 14 13 htps://www.sanleandro.org/984/Climate-Ac�on-Plan 14 htps://www.sanleandro.org/DocumentCenter/View/6496/San-Leandro-Climate-Vulnerability-Assessment-2020 CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 17

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miles west of the City, could produce an earthquake with similar damage to the City as the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.

Extreme Heat
The San Francisco Bay Area can experience extreme heat days, typically defined as a period of high heat and humidity with temperatures above 90°F for at least two to three days. Extreme heat days pose a public health threat, causing symptoms such as exhaus�on, heat cramps, and sunstroke. Elderly persons, small children, those on certain medica�ons or drugs, and persons with weight and alcohol problems are par�cularly suscep�ble to heat reac�ons. Extreme heat events tend to occur during the summer months on a regional basis and can happen in any por�on of the City of San Leandro.

Climate change is expected to increase ambient average air temperature, par�cularly in the summer. The frequency, intensity, and dura�on of extreme heat events and heat waves are also likely to increase in associa�on with regional climate impacts. Historically, the San Francisco Bay Area experiences four extreme heat days yearly.

Flood
Poten�al flooding hazards in San Leandro are associated with overbank flooding of creeks and drainage canals, �dal flooding from San Francisco Bay, ponding and sheet flow runoff, and rising sea levels. The City of San Leandro is primarily suscep�ble to flooding during winter when it receives most of its rainfall. Although isolated flooding has occurred in San Leandro, there are no repe��ve loss proper�es in the City of San Leandro. However, areas of the City are suscep�ble to localized flooding due to heavy rains or winter storms.

Floods can cause injuries and death, damage structures, disrupt u�li�es, and isolate communi�es. In addi�on to rising water levels, flooding causes pavement deteriora�on, washouts, landslides/mudslides, scatered debris, and downed trees.

Levee Failure
San Leandro has no levees due to land adjacent to the bay lying above sea level. San Leandro’s shoreline has been armored with rip rap to ensure that bay water does not erode the shoreline.

Landslide
In the San Francisco Bay Area, landslides typically occur as a result of earthquakes or during heavy and sustained rainfall events. An area’s suscep�bility depends on geology, topography, vegeta�on, and hydrology. Landslides can cause injuries and death, damage structures, disrupt u�li�es, and isolate communi�es.

Por�ons of the City east of Highway I-580 are at the most significant risk for weather-induced landslides. The City of San Leandro has not experienced any earthquake-induced landslides, but landslides associated with atmospheric river weather events have occurred.

Sea Level Rise
Rising sea level is a developing, global issue that will con�nue to impact San Leandro throughout the 21st century. A significant rise in sea level due to global warming is likely to affect the ecology of San Leandro’s shoreline marshes significantly. It could also increase erosion along the waterfront and raise the hazard of �dal flooding along Neptune Drive and nearby streets.

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Urban-Wildland Fire
Urban-wildland fires occur where the built environment and natural areas are intermixed, leading to the poten�al for injuries, fatali�es, and damage to infrastructure systems, causing a cascade of subsequent impacts.

Because of the mix and density of structures and natural fuels combined with limited access and egress routes, fire management is more complex in urban-wildland environments. The City of San Leandro lies adjacent to thousands of acres of poten�ally flammable coastal scrub and forested open space. The City also has several loca�ons, par�cularly along San Leandro Creek, with large eucalyptus trees and other highly flammable vegeta�on and combus�ble liter.

Wind Event
Strong winds accompany the most severe winter storms in San Leandro and can cause damage, leading to power outages, road closures, clogged creeks and culverts, damage to structures and cars due to fallen trees, and winddriven wave erosion. Although all of San Leandro is affected by wind, coastal areas tend to be impacted more frequently by strong wind incidents. The most frequent wind events tend to have short-lived impacts on urban forestry, primarily downed trees and powerlines.

CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 19

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN

3. DIRECTION, CONTROL, AND COORDINATION

3.1. NATIONAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (NIMS) AND

STANDARDIZED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SEMS)
The City of San Leandro manages all incidents according to the principles outlined in NIMS and SEMS. Both NIMS and SEMS are rooted in Incident Command System (ICS) concepts. ICS provides a standardized approach to the command, control, and coordina�on of on-scene incident management that outlines a common hierarchy within which personnel from mul�ple organiza�ons can be successful. ICS specifies an organiza�onal structure for incident management that integrates and coordinates a combina�on of procedures, personnel, equipment, facili�es, and communica�ons.15
NIMS
NIMS is a comprehensive, systema�c approach to incident management that is flexible and scalable to all incident types. The NIMS structure integrates exis�ng best prac�ces into a consistent, na�onwide approach to domes�c incident management applicable at all jurisdic�onal levels and across func�onal disciplines. NIMS allows government agencies at all levels, the private sector, and non-governmental organiza�ons to work seamlessly to prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mi�gate the effects of incidents, regardless of cause, size, loca�on, or complexity.
16 SEMS
SEMS unifies all elements of California’s emergency management community into a single integrated system and standardizes cri�cal incident response elements. Emergency response agencies throughout California use SEMS to provide the fundamental structure for the response phase of emergency management. 17 The founda�on of SEMS is built on the following concepts:
• Incident Command System: A field-level emergency response system based on management by objec�ves.
• Mul�/Inter-Agency Coordina�on: Affected agencies working together to coordinate alloca�ons of resources and emergency response ac�vi�es.
• Mutual Aid: A system for obtaining addi�onal emergency resources from non-affected jurisdic�ons. • Opera�onal Area Concept: Individual coun�es and sub-divisions coordinate damage informa�on, resource requests, and emergency response.

A primary concept of SEMS is that all incident response is managed at the lowest possible organiza�onal level.

The complexity of the incident ul�mately determines the response capabili�es needed. The SEMS framework allows the City of San Leandro, other local jurisdic�ons within the Alameda County OA, and other regional and state partners to integrate seamlessly into the response organiza�on.

The organiza�onal levels of SEMS include:
15 htps://training.fema.gov/emiweb/is/icsresource/assets/ics%20organiza�onal%20structure%20and%20elements.pdf 16 htps://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf 17 htps://www.caloes.ca.gov/office-of-the-director/opera�ons/planning-preparedness-preven�on/planningpreparedness/standardized-emergency-management-system/ CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 20

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
• Field: Where emergency response personnel and resources, under the command of responsible officials, carry out tac�cal decisions and ac�vi�es in direct response to an incident or threat. The City of San Leandro Police, Fire, or Public Works Departments are typically involved at the field response level. • Local Government: Includes individual ci�es, coun�es, and special districts. As a local government, the City of San Leandro manages and coordinates overall emergency response and recovery ac�vi�es citywide. This may involve ac�va�ng the City of San Leandro Emergency Opera�ons Center (EOC) or coordina�ng other ac�vi�es.
• Opera�onal Area: Encompasses the county and all poli�cal subdivisions, including special districts. The Alameda County EOC may be ac�vated for complex or county-wide incidents to support local governments' management and coordina�on of resources, informa�on, and priori�es. The Alameda County EOC also serves as the link between local and regional levels. • Region: The Cal OES Region manages informa�on and resources among OAs and coordinates overall state support of emergency response opera�ons within the region. The City of San Leandro is located in the “Coastal” Cal OES Administra�ve Region and Cal OES Mutual Aid Region “II.” • State: The Cal OES state level priori�zes tasks and coordinates state resources in response to requests from regional levels. Cal OES headquarters also coordinates mutual aid among the mutual aid regions and serves as a link to the federal emergency response system.

Figure 1: SEMS Organizational Levels
The City of San Leandro uses SEMS to manage the response to mul�agency and mul�jurisdic�onal emergencies and to coordinate between responding agencies at all levels during incident response.

3.2. EOC AND FIELD COORDINATION
The field response level is where emergency response personnel and resources make tac�cal decisions and ac�vi�es in direct response to an incident, disaster, or threat.18 Field response ac�vi�es are managed by an 18 htps://www.caloes.ca.gov/PlanningPreparednessSite/Documents/Standardized%20Emergency%20Management%20Syste m_Part1.pdf
CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 21

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
Incident Commander (IC) or Unified Command (UC) at an Incident Command Post (ICP) using the elements of SEMS. Most incidents will be resolved at the field level, and the EOC will not be ac�vated. Support is only requested through the EOC when exis�ng mutual aid channels do not have the type or number of resources needed. Resources requested by the field are elevated to the next successive level of government un�l obtained, or the request is canceled.

For complex incidents, the City of San Leandro EOC or individual department opera�ons centers (DOCs) may ac�vate to support response efforts in the field. In this case, the IC or UC will coordinate directly with the EOC or DOC to support decision-making and situa�onal awareness. Tac�cal control of assets remains the responsibility of the IC/UC.

3.3. DEPARTMENT OPERATIONS CENTERS
Some City of San Leandro departments may ac�vate department opera�ons centers (DOCs) to support response opera�ons. DOCs focus on internal departmental management and response and may provide func�onal support to field opera�ons. The DOC o�en serves as a direct link to the Opera�ons Sec�on in the EOC. DOCs directly support informa�on and resource management for individual departments and communicate all informa�on to the City of San Leandro EOC using Veoci and Microso� Teams.

The Public Works and Police Departments may ac�vate a DOC, depending on the circumstances of the incident.

3.4. OPERATIONAL AREA COORDINATION
The Alameda County OA is a composite of its poli�cal subdivisions (i.e., municipali�es, contract ci�es, special districts, and county agencies). The Alameda County OA EOC supports informa�on and resource coordina�on throughout the Alameda County OA. If one or more local jurisdic�on EOC is ac�vated, or the incident requires state or regional support, the Alameda County OA EOC will likely ac�vate to support response opera�ons. The Alameda County EOC coordinates mutual aid requests and resources from all OA jurisdic�ons and serves as a direct link from the City of San Leandro to the State.

The City of San Leandro maintains direct communica�on with the Alameda County OA EOC and any ac�vated EOCs in OA member jurisdic�ons. If the City of San Leandro requires non-public safety mutual aid, the Logis�cs Sec�on submits a resource request to the Alameda County OA EOC, which works to fulfill the request.

3.5. EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
The City of San Leandro and Alameda County reference emergency support func�ons (ESFs) in their planning and response frameworks. ESFs provide an all-hazards methodology to emergency management to help response partners respond to incidents collabora�vely. ESFs provide a structure for planning a coordinated incident response. ESFs improve communica�on among partners, enhance resource sharing, reduce duplica�on of efforts, advocate for con�nuity of opera�ons, and support hazard mi�ga�on programming. The State of California and the federal government organize response efforts in ESFs.

A list of ESFs and their associated departments can be seen in Appendix 9.4.

3.6. MUTUAL AID
The City of San Leandro will always respond to any incident using its internal resources. If these resources are exhausted or are an�cipated to be soon exhausted, the City of San Leandro may request assistance from other local jurisdic�ons and higher levels of government by contac�ng the Alameda County EOC. The Alameda County CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 22

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
EOC coordinates mutual aid resources from within the OA through the framework of the California Disaster and Civil Defense Master Mutual Aid Agreement (MMAA).
19 The MMAA provides the framework for mutual aid in
California, where each jurisdic�on retains control of its own facili�es, personnel, and resources but may also receive or help other jurisdic�ons within the State. Mutual aid may include equipment, supplies, personnel, or other capabili�es and allow for rapidly mobilizing resources from one agency to another.

Figure 2: California Mutual Aid Regions
The City of San Leandro par�cipates in the statewide discipline-specific mutual aid system via Alameda County and is a member of Mutual Aid Region II. Mutual aid regions support the smooth applica�on and coordina�on of mutual aid and other emergency ac�vi�es. Region II facilitates mul�-agency and mul�-jurisdic�onal coordina�on between Cal OES and the Alameda County OA, including state agencies, local and tribal governments, and special districts, including the City of San Leandro. The discipline-specific mutual aid system includes established mutual aid mechanisms for the following func�ons:
• Law enforcement
• Fire and rescue
• Coroner/medical examiner
• Regional Disaster Medical Health
19 htps://www.caloes.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/Preparedness/Documents/CAMasterMutAidAgreement.pdf CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 23

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
Figure 3: Discipline-Specific Mutual Aid System
In the City of San Leandro and Alameda County, mutual aid is requested through established channels. The selected channel will vary depending on the discipline-specific system being used. The MMAA also promotes the establishment of emergency assistance agreements between public and private sector agencies at all levels. The City of San Leandro also maintains memoranda of agreement with private organiza�ons to support response efforts.

CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 24

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN

4. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS

4.1. DAILY EMERGENCY ORGANIZATION
The City Manager serves as the Director of Emergency Services.20 The Director of Emergency Services is primarily responsible for the emergency management organiza�on, including overall direc�on over response and recovery opera�ons. As outlined in the Municipal Code, the Director of Emergency Services is also empowered to:
• Request the City Council to issue a local proclama�on of emergency or issue a proclama�on if the City Council is not in session.
• Request the Governor to proclaim a state of emergency. • Ac�vate Disaster Service Workers (DSWs).
• Direct coopera�on and coordina�on of services and staff in response to an incident. • Issue emergency rules and regula�ons to protect life and property.

The Assistant Director of Emergency Services is appointed by the Director of Emergency Services and is currently filled by the Emergency Manager. The Assistant Director of Emergency Services is responsible for the day-to-day administra�on of the emergency management program, including developing emergency plans. The Assistant Director con�nuously coordinates with the Director and other public safety personnel.21 Disaster Council
As an advisory body, the primary purpose of the Disaster Council is to develop and recommend emergency plans, resource plans, and mutual aid plans for the City Council’s approval. 22 The Disaster Council consists of the following members:
• Mayor (Chairperson)
• Vice Mayor
• Director of Emergency Services
• Assistant Director of Emergency Services
• One City Council member appointed by the City Council • Emergency services chiefs
• Representa�ves of civic, business, labor, veterans, and professional organiza�ons with responsibili�es during an emergency (as determined by the City Manager and Emergency Manager) 20 htps://library.qcode.us/lib/san_leandro_ca/pub/municipal_code/item/�tle_3-chapter_3_4-ar�cle_1?view=all#�tle_3- chapter_3_4-ar�cle_1-3_4_120 21 htps://library.qcode.us/lib/san_leandro_ca/pub/municipal_code/item/�tle_3-chapter_3_4-ar�cle_1?view=all#�tle_3- chapter_3_4-ar�cle_1-3_4_120 22 htps://library.qcode.us/lib/san_leandro_ca/pub/municipal_code/item/�tle_3-chapter_3_4-ar�cle_1?view=all#�tle_3- chapter_3_4-ar�cle_1-3_4_120
CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 25

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
Disaster Service Workers
Under state23 and local24 law, all City of San Leandro employees are registered as DSWs. During incident response, City employees not otherwise assigned emergency responsibili�es may be made available to augment the work of their department or other City departments, if required. The Director of Emergency Services is authorized to ac�vate the DSW program.

Disaster service relates to ac�vi�es designed to aid a disaster's response and recovery phases and includes preapproved training. Disaster service assignments may require service at loca�ons, �mes, and under condi�ons other than regular work assignments. Examples of disaster service assignments may include:
• Serve in the EOC
• Support shelter opera�ons
• Support call center opera�ons
• Provide transla�on services
DSWs will not be asked to perform du�es that are hazardous or for which they have not been trained and will be given every effort to ensure their own families are safe and secure before performing DSW du�es.

4.2. PREPAREDNESS
Planning
The City of San Leandro is commited to maintaining a planning process that includes the whole community, specifically those with access and func�onal needs, those who do not speak English as a first language, and other vulnerable popula�ons. This is completed, in part, by adhering to the planning process outlined in the FEMA CPG 101, including:25
• Conduct community-based planning to engage the whole community through a planning process that represents the actual popula�on in the community and involves community leaders and the private sector.
• Develop plans by iden�fying and analyzing risk.
• Iden�fy opera�onal assump�ons and resource demands.
• Priori�ze plans and planning efforts to support the transi�on from development to execu�on for any threat or hazard.
• Integrate and coordinate efforts across all levels of government, the private sector, and nonprofit organiza�ons.

The Assistant Director of Emergency Services is responsible for developing, upda�ng, and maintaining plans specific to emergency opera�ons for the en�re City. Individual departments are responsible for developing, edi�ng, and maintaining plans and SOPs specific to departmental procedures. Other types of plans developed by the City of San Leandro are outlined in Sec�on 1.2.1.
23 htps://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySec�on.xhtml?sec�onNum=3100.&lawCode=GOV#:~:text=In%20furth erance%20of%20the%20exercise,their%20superiors%20or%20by%20law. 24 htps://library.qcode.us/lib/san_leandro_ca/pub/municipal_code/item/�tle_3-chapter_3_4-ar�cle_1?view=all#�tle_3- chapter_3_4-ar�cle_1-3_4_130 25 htps://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_cpg-101-v3-developing-maintaining-eops.pdf CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 26

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
Training
The City of San Leandro maintains and par�cipates in a comprehensive training program based on iden�fied preparedness and response needs. Training is coordinated with department and City leadership and may include formal and informal classroom training, online training, seminars, and workshops.

Training may come from a variety of sources:
• Local training: City of San Leandro staff, Alameda County Office of Emergency Services (OES) personnel, or other local partners may provide local training. These training courses are specific to department emergency roles and responsibili�es and the local community and are designed to improve local response capabili�es.
• Regional training: As a member of the Bay Area Urban Areas Security Ini�a�ve (UASI) through Alameda County, the City of San Leandro may access regional planning and training sources. The Bay Area Training and Exercise Program (BATEP) allows local responders to receive training and exercises to build and sustain public safety and preparedness capabili�es.
• State training: Training through Cal OES is managed by the California Specialized Training Ins�tute (CSTI), which provides basic and advanced training in all phases of emergency management and specific topic areas. The City of San Leandro coordinates with the Alameda County OA and Cal OES to provide relevant training.
• Federal training: The City of San Leandro supports FEMA-sponsored training through its Emergency Management Ins�tute (EMI), which is used to close Threat and Hazard Iden�fica�on and Risk Assessment gaps and increase skills and exper�se. The FEMA EMI program provides na�onal best prac�ces through online, standardized Independent Study courses and in-person courses at the Na�onal Emergency Training Center.

Exercise
The City of San Leandro conducts exercises regularly, including as many departments, Alameda County OA partners, and members of the whole community as possible. Exercises are developed using the Homeland Security's Exercise and Evalua�on Program (HSEEP), which provides a systema�c approach to exercise development, evalua�on, execu�on, and post-improvement planning. Exercises may range in complexity from a workshop to a mul�-agency/mul�-jurisdic�onal event involving the actual deployment of resources.

Resilience Hubs
The City of San Leandro is proud to support the Resilience Hub ini�a�ve in response to the urgent need to build resilience and sustainability at the community level. Resilience Hubs are trusted community centers and spaces that serve as gathering places to distribute resources, exchange informa�on, and express community care during disasters while suppor�ng community programming and permaculture-inspired climate solu�ons year-round.

Exis�ng community groups serving as Resilience Hubs aim to operate in three phases:
• Normal: Resilience Hubs provide a home base for residents, businesses, and organiza�ons to gather for workshops, events, meals, and training opportuni�es that benefit a range of community needs, including resilience. Hubs func�on in normal mode most of the �me, meaning there are no hazards present, and all cri�cal infrastructure is available and func�oning properly.

Exercise
The City of San Leandro
par�cipates annually in the
Great ShakeOut earthquake
drill. Great ShakeOut drills
are an opportunity for
residents and visitors to
prac�ce earthquake safety
and preparedness.

CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 27

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
• Disrup�on: In the event of a disrup�on, such as an incident or disaster, Resilience Hubs switch from Normal Mode into reac�ng and responding to the disrup�on and augment opera�ons to beter support immediate community needs. With enhanced systems and capacity, Hubs can ideally help reduce the need for emergency services and beter connect residents and businesses with supplies, informa�on, and support during a disrup�on.
• Recovery: Resilience Hubs are cri�cal in post-disrup�on recovery and ongoing community needs. Hubs can act as centers for resource deliveries and distribu�on, access to support and assistance for complicated processes such as filling out relief or insurance forms, loca�ons to access support services for trauma, and can even be loca�ons where Community Benefits Agreements are generated. Hubs can also be central loca�ons for external partners to gather and support recovery services such as conduc�ng needs assessments, damage assessments, interviews with residents, and collec�ng data.

During a disrup�on, Resilience Hubs may serve many purposes to meet the needs of their community, such as:
• Ac�ng as a cooling or warming center
• Suppor�ng the City with shelter opera�ons
• Food and commodity distribu�on
• Medical care and childcare
• Public informa�on and alert and warning support
The City of San Leandro Resilience Hubs work to con�nuously improve community connec�ons and increase overall community resiliency. More informa�on on Resilience Hubs in the City of San Leandro can be found at:
htps://www.sanleandro.org/990/Resilience-Hubs.
26 4.3. RESPONSE
Emergency Proclamations and Declarations
The California Emergency Services Act27 and the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act Public Law 93-288, as amended (Stafford Act),
28 establish a general scheme for managing emergencies.

A proclama�on of local emergency is a cri�cal first step in response to an incident as it expands the emergency powers and authori�es of government and ac�vates the appropriate aspects of applicable mutual aid plans. A proclama�on of local emergency may also be required to qualify for some post-disaster financial assistance.

A proclama�on of local emergency provides the City of San Leandro with the following:
29 • Authority to promulgate emergency orders and regula�ons related to protec�ng life and property. • Permission to ac�vate certain pre-established local emergency provisions, such as special purchasing and contrac�ng.
26 htps://www.sanleandro.org/990/Resilience-Hubs 27
htps://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml?tocCode=GOV&division=1.&�tle=2.&part=&ch apter=7.&ar�cle=
28 htps://www.fema.gov/disaster/stafford-act 29 htps://library.qcode.us/lib/san_leandro_ca/pub/municipal_code/item/�tle_3-chapter_3_4?view=all#�tle_3- chapter_3_4-ar�cle_1-3_4_110
CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 28

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
• Ability to require emergency services support from any City official or employee (Disaster Service Worker).

As outlined in SEMS, the City of San Leandro must send any proclama�on of local emergency to Cal OES via the county OA coordinator, Alameda County OES. However, the City of San Leandro does not need to proclaim a local emergency if Alameda County declares an emergency for the en�re county or for a specific area that includes a por�on of the City.

Authority The City Council may proclaim a local emergency upon request from the Director of Emergency Services. The Director of Emergency Services may proclaim a local emergency if the City Council is not in session.

Issuance Within ten days of the occurrence of a disaster to be eligible for assistance from the California Disaster Assistance Act (CDAA).

Ratification The City Council must ratify a local proclamation of emergency issued by the Director of Emergency Services within seven days.

Review The City Council reviews the local emergency proclamation every 21 days until termination.

Table 5: Local Proclamation of Emergency Overview
When disaster condi�ons exceed or have the poten�al to exceed local resources and capabili�es, the City of San Leandro can request state assistance from the Governor of California via the Alameda County EOC. In this case, a Governor’s state of emergency proclama�on may be issued to support emergency ac�vi�es by authorizing the Cal OES Director to provide financial relief for emergency ac�ons. The state of emergency proclama�on request must be received within ten days of the incident. The applica�on must be submited to Cal OES within 60 days of the local emergency proclama�on to be eligible for assistance under the CDAA. A Governor’s state of emergency proclama�on is typically a prerequisite if California requests a presiden�al declara�on of a major emergency or disaster.

A state of emergency proclama�on provides the Governor with the ability:
• To exercise police power.
• Direct all State agencies to use and employ personnel, equipment, and facili�es to support response opera�ons.
• Make, amend, or rescind orders and regula�ons as deemed necessary to prevent or alleviate actual and threatened damage due to the incident.

A Presiden�al declara�on happens at the federal level and is requested by the Governor of California on behalf of one or more OAs. The most common declara�ons include:30 • Presiden�al Emergency Declara�on: Supports response ac�vi�es and authorizes federal agencies to provide some assistance under the authority of the Stafford Act. The Governor must request within five days a�er the need for federal emergency assistance is apparent. • Presiden�al Declara�on of Major Disaster: Supports response and recovery ac�vi�es and authorizes the implementa�on of some or all Stafford Act federal recovery programs, including public assistance, individual assistance, hazard mi�ga�on, and other assistance to state and local governments, certain 30 htps://www.fema.gov/disaster/stafford-act
CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 29

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
private nonprofit organiza�ons, and individuals. The Governor must submit a request within 30 days of the start of the incident.

Emergency Operations Center Activation
During a response to a complex or large-scale incident, the EOC may ac�vate to coordinate response opera�ons and support situa�onal awareness among response partners. When ac�vated, the EOC communicates with field responders at the ICP, ac�vated DOCs, the Alameda County OA EOC, other jurisdic�ons’ EOCs, and nongovernmental partners through established communica�on pathways.

Based on the circumstances of the incident, the EOC will ac�vate at a pre-determined ac�va�on level. Generally, the more complex an incident’s response needs are, the more posi�ons will be ac�vated within the EOC. The EOC ac�va�on level may change throughout the incident due to evolving response needs.

Activation Level Staffing Level Operating Hours
Monitoring Emergency Management
personnel • Business hours
• Section Chiefs staff on-call 24/7
• Will typically function virtually
Partial • Management Section staff
• Section Chiefs
• Limited additional EOC positions
• Business hours
• Potential for extended and weekend hours
• Unit staff on-call 24/7
• Will typically function virtually or hybrid, but
may function in-person depending on the
needs of the incident
Full All or most positions staffed • Extended and weekend hours • Potential for 24-hour operations
• May function virtually, hybrid, or in-person,
depending on the needs of the incident
Table 6: EOC Activation Levels
The EOC operates using SEMS func�ons and principles to facilitate objec�ves, including:
• Management and coordina�on of overall emergency opera�ons. • Alignment of strategic policy and priority goals for response and recovery. • Mi�ga�on of unintended consequences of the incident and reduc�on of cascading effects. • Coordina�on with DOCs, other EOCs, and response partners. • Priori�za�on and coordina�on of resources, including mutual aid. • Coordina�on and dissemina�on of public informa�on.
• Collec�on, evalua�on, and dissemina�on of situa�onal awareness informa�on. • Delivery of addi�onal staffing support through DSWs.
• Proclama�on of a local emergency.
• Development of a structured system for applying and qualifying for disaster funding or reimbursements.

CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 30

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN

4.4. ORGANIZATION AND ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES
EOC Organization
The City of San Leandro EOC organizes in a SEMS structure and is designed to be scalable and flexible. The next highest-staffed posi�on fills any unstaffed posi�ons. A fully staffed EOC organized is depicted in Figure 1. The Emergency Manager, within the City Manager’s Office, is responsible for maintaining EOC opera�onal readiness.

CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 31

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
Figure 4: EOC Organization
EOC Director
Operations Section
Chief
Law Enforcement
Law Enforcement
Operations
Coroner/Morgue
Liasion
Search & Rescue
RACES
Public Works &
Engineering
Safety Assessment
Utilities
Public Works
Wastewater
Health & Welfare
Care & Shelter
Public Health
Animal Care &
Welfare
VOAD
Red Cross
Coordination
Interagency Liasion Fire & Rescue
Planning Section
Chief
Situation Analysis Documentation
Advance Planning/
Demobilization
Technical
Specialists
Logistics Section
Chief
IT &
Communications Personnel
Supply &
Procurement Transportation
Resource Tracking EOC Reception/
Message Center
Finance Section
Chief
Cost Accounting Compensation &
Claims
Timekeeping Recovery
EOC Coordinator
Safety Officer
Public Information
Officer Legal Counsel
Government
Liasion
CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 32

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
Department Responsibilities
The City of San Leandro is responsible for coordina�ng response and recovery opera�ons. During an EOC ac�va�on, City departments are assigned specific func�ons to support emergency management opera�ons.

Response ac�vi�es may involve direct par�cipa�on in the EOC or providing indirect support. All roles and responsibili�es are incident-dependent and subject to change based on the nature of the incident, staff availability, and employee exper�se. Some roles and responsibili�es of individual posi�ons and departments may overlap to create redundancies within the response network.

An overview of emergency roles and responsibili�es for City departments is outlined in Table 7.

Department Key Responsibilities
City Clerk • Preservation of vital records.

City Manager • Lead emergency management functions.
• Coordinate public information and distribution.
• Make emergency proclamations.
• Activate and staff a joint information center (JIC) as necessary.

Community Development • Forecast and manage information about the incident. • Support initial inspection of all structures in San Leandro. • Support damage assessments and building assessments for City buildings and structures.

Engineering & Transportation • Support damage assessments and building assessments for City buildings and structures.

Finance Department • Obtain, record, and maintain accurate records of incident costs. • Support cost recovery documentation and processes.

Fire Services • Manage fire prevention, suppression, and control activities. • Support emergency medical treatment and transport.
• Provide search and rescue operations.
• Assist with decontamination operations.

Human Resources • Coordinate DSWs.
• Maintain records of all personnel support incident response.

Human Services • Coordinate sheltering operations.
• Coordinate the family reunification processes.
• Address the needs of underserved and vulnerable populations. • Other support as necessary.

Information Technology • Ensure ongoing communication capability between all responders. • Assist staff with communications and information system needs.

Police • Manage law enforcement activities.
• Manage and coordinate evacuations.
• Provide security and perimeter control for critical facilities and other vulnerable incident locations.
• Coordinate fatality management services with Alameda County.

Public Library • Oversee resource management processes.

CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 33

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
Department Key Responsibilities
• Support shelter operations.

Public Works • Coordinate debris clearance and removal. • Identify temporary collection and processing sites for debris. • Support damage assessments and building assessments for City buildings and structures.
• Manage repairs to City facilities.

Recreation & Parks • Inspect and maintain park facilities. • Support shelter operations.
• Support debris clearing operations.
• Other support as necessary.

Water Pollution Control • Regulate collection, treatment, and disposal of wastewater.

Table 7: Departmental EOC Responsibilities
Support Organizations
The City of San Leandro manages all emergency response ac�vi�es at the local level, if possible. Higher levels of government (Alameda County, State of California, federal government) provide mutual aid and other resource support as requested by the City. During a regional, statewide, or na�onal incident, higher levels of government may provide coordina�on to support a unified response. The Alameda County OA EOC manages the coordina�on of response ac�vi�es throughout the OA during a complex incident, including coordina�on with OA partners. In a regional or statewide incident, the Alameda County EOC coordinates directly with the Cal OES Coastal Region EOC (REOC) on behalf of the en�re OA. The REOC constantly communicates with the State Opera�ons Center (SOC), who coordinates resources during a statewide incident. The SOC also communicates with the FEMA Region IX Office to source mutual aid and federal resources as necessary.

Non-profits, community-based organiza�ons, and businesses may also provide resources to augment government opera�ons or provide services directly to impacted popula�ons. Services may include public informa�on support, sheltering, emergency food distribu�on, social services, and mental health services. Key support organiza�ons in the emergency response framework include:
• American Red Cross
• Building Futures
• East Bay Society for the Preven�on of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) • Resilience Hubs
• San Leandro Unified School District
• San Lorenzo Unified School District

4.5. TRANSITION TO RECOVERY
As ini�al and sustained opera�onal priori�es are met, City of San Leandro emergency managers consider the transi�on to recovery. Recovery o�en occurs on a con�nuum but is generally separated into two phases: shortterm and long-term.

Generally, a successful disaster recovery opera�on supports the community in the following:
• Successfully overcoming the disaster's physical, emo�onal, and environmental impacts.

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• Reestablishing an economic and social base that ins�lls confidence in the community members and businesses regarding community viability.
• Rebuilding by integra�ng the func�onal needs of all residents and reducing its vulnerability to all hazards.
• Demonstra�ng a capability to be prepared, responsive, and resilient in dealing with the consequences of disasters.

The primary objec�ve of short-term recovery opera�ons is to return vital life support systems to minimum opera�ng standards. Short-term recovery ac�vi�es may include:
• Damage assessment
• Debris removal
• U�lity restora�on (i.e., water and power services)
• Essen�al transporta�on restora�on
• Provision of temporary housing
Damage Assessment
Informa�on on the level of damages or status of safety hazards supports situa�onal awareness and iden�fies gaps in survivor needs following an incident. The damage assessment process consists of several steps. • Rapid Damage Assessment: Conducted to locate and iden�fy casual�es and hazards and to aid the direc�on of response efforts.
• Ini�al Damage Es�mate: Conducted to iden�fy and document damage and ini�al cost es�mates to support requests for state and federal assistance.
• Joint Preliminary Damage Assessment: Conducted to determine the impact and magnitude of damage and the resul�ng unmet needs of the community and ul�mately provide financial assistance for recovery.

Long-Term Recovery
Long-term recovery ac�vi�es typically focus on restoring the City to a “normal” pre-disaster state or an improved “new normal” state with increased resilience. Long-term recovery requires significant planning to maximize opportuni�es and mi�gate risks a�er a major incident. Long-term recovery can con�nue for years and may include the following:
• Reconstruc�ng public and private facili�es and infrastructure. • Planning and rebuilding of housing.
• Implemen�ng waivers, zoning changes, and other land-use legisla�on to promote recovery. • Providing long-term assistance to displaced families, including financial support and social and health services.
• Restoring the local economy to pre-disaster levels.
• Integra�ng mi�ga�on strategies into rebuilding efforts. • Recovering disaster-related costs.

Following a significant incident, the City of San Leandro or Alameda County may open a Local Assistance Center (LAC) to support recovery. LACs provide a centralized loca�on for services and resource referrals for unmet CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 35

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
community needs. LACs have historically proven to be a key factor for a successful recovery and will typically span into the long-term recovery phase.

Once the coordina�on support of the EOC is no longer required, the EOC will demobilize personnel and resources and officially deac�vate. The EOC Director determines demobiliza�on decisions and final deac�va�on in coordina�on with the EOC Coordinator and Management Sec�on.

4.6. AFTER-ACTION REPORTING
The City of San Leandro conducts a�er-ac�on repor�ng ac�vi�es following most incidents and exercises to document strengths and opportuni�es for improvement from the event. The A�er-Ac�on Report and Improvement Plan (AAR/IP) provides an opportunity to capture what happened during the incident or exercise, what went well and should be reinforced or repeated, and what gaps should be addressed. AAR/IPs typically also include reviewing response ac�ons, sugges�ng modifica�ons to plans and procedures, and iden�fying training and equipment needs to improve future responses. A correc�ve ac�on program provides reflec�ve improvement of emergency response capabili�es. Correc�ve ac�ons create the basis for the Improvement Plan, consis�ng of concrete, ac�onable steps to resolve capability gaps iden�fied in the a�er-ac�on review process.

To comply with SEMS requirements, the City of San Leandro must submit all a�er-ac�on repor�ng documenta�on rela�ng to real-world incidents to Cal OES within 90 days of the close of the incident period.31 When describing the EOC ac�va�on in response to an incident, the AAR/IP will typically include response ac�ons taken, applica�on of SEMS, necessary modifica�ons to plans and procedures, training needs, recovery ac�vi�es to date, and assignment of responsibili�es in the Improvement Plan. AAR/IPs are forwarded to Alameda County OES for submission to Cal OES.
31 htps://www.caloes.ca.gov/office-of-the-director/opera�ons/planning-preparedness-preven�on/planningpreparedness/a�er-ac�on-correc�ve-ac�on-repor�ng/ CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 36

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN

5. CONTINUITY OF GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
The California Emergency Services Act32 provides the authority and procedures to ensure the con�nued func�oning of government within the State of California. It outlines procedures for the succession of government officers and ensures the con�nued func�oning of government during and a�er an incident.

5.1. CONTINUITY OF GOVERNMENT
If City Council Chambers are inaccessible or unsuitable, the temporary seat of government may be moved to an alternate loca�on.

Primary Government Facility Alternate Government Facility Civic Center
835 E 14th Street
San Leandro, CA 94577
San Leandro Senior Community Center (SCC)
13909 East 14th Street
San Leandro, CA 94578
Table 8: City of San Leandro Government Seat Facilities If the primary EOC is inoperable due to the circumstances of the incident or for other reasons, an alternate EOC may be used. The EOC is also capable of func�oning virtually through a variety of web-based so�ware and pla�orms.

Primary EOC Facility Alternate EOC Facility
San Leandro Senior Community Center (SCC)
13909 East 14th Street
San Leandro, CA 94578
San Leandro Surlene Grant Community Room
999 East 14th Street
San Leandro, CA 94577
Table 9: City of San Leandro EOC Facilities

5.2. ORDERS OF SUCCESSION
Depending on the extent of the incident, the normal City organiza�on may be par�ally or en�rely replaced by an emergency organiza�on. City Officials may or may not be fully occupied with their emergency roles. Orders of succession are provisions for the orderly and predefined leadership transi�on during an emergency when the incumbents cannot execute their official du�es.

City of San Leandro departments iden�fy designated alternate individuals to carry out primary department roles and responsibili�es and maintain the con�nuity of opera�ons.

Position/Department Primary Position Alternate
City Council Elected representative Appointed standby member(s) Director of Emergency Services City Manager Assistant Director of Emergency Services
Assistant Director of Emergency
Services
Emergency Manager Emergency Specialist
City Clerk City Clerk Deputy City Clerk
32 htps://www.caloes.ca.gov/office-of-the-director/policy-administra�on/legal-affairs/authori�es/ CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 37

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Position/Department Primary Position Alternate
City Manager City Manager Assistant City Manager
Community Development Director Assistant Director
Engineering & Transportation Director Assistant Director Finance Director Budget Manager
Fire Services Fire Chief Fire Captain
Human Resources Director Senior Management Analyst
Human Services Director Manager
Information Technology Chief Technology Officer IT Analyst Police Police Chief Assistant Police Chief
Public Library Director Assistant Director
Public Works Director Assistant Director
Recreation & Parks Director Manager
Water Pollution and Control Director Management Analyst II Table 10: Orders of Succession

5.3. PRESERVATION OF VITAL RECORDS
Vital records include documents essen�al to con�nue government func�ons and conduct emergency opera�ons.

Vital records are necessary to:
• Conduct emergency response and recovery opera�ons.
• Re-establish normal governmental func�ons.
• Protect the rights and interests of individuals, corpora�ons, or other en��es.

The City Clerk’s Office is responsible for preserving and protec�ng vital citywide records, while individual departments are responsible for iden�fying, maintaining, and protec�ng vital departmental records.

Examples of vital records include:
• Records necessary to conduct emergency opera�ons.
o Emergency opera�ons plans and standard opera�ng procedures o U�lity system maps
o Loca�ons of emergency supplies and equipment
o Lists of regular and auxiliary personnel
• Records required to restore normal government func�ons. o Cons�tu�ons and charters
o Statutes
o Ordinances
o Resolu�ons
o Court records
o Official proceedings
o Financial reports
• Records necessary for the protec�on of rights and interests of individuals and government.

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o Business license registers
o Ar�cles of incorpora�on
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6. INFORMATION COLLECTION, ANALYSIS, AND

DISSEMINATION
Successful incident response relies on access to �mely, relevant, and accurate informa�on. Collec�ng, analyzing, and dissemina�ng informa�on is cri�cal for informed decision-making.

6.1. INTELLIGENCE AND INFORMATION
Informa�on collec�on involves the processes, procedures, and systems used to gather informa�on and develop a common opera�ng picture. Essen�al elements of informa�on are considered cri�cal intelligence for all response and recovery opera�ons, and may include:
• Injuries and fatali�es
• Deployments and/or demobiliza�ons
• Changes in condi�ons affec�ng the response
• Enhanced situa�onal status of dispropor�onately impacted and diverse popula�ons • Condi�ons that affect the capability to respond
Essen�al elements of informa�on are collected from a variety of sources:
• Field reports from incident command posts and incident loca�ons • Coordina�on calls and situa�on reports from other agencies at all levels of government • Tradi�onal and social media
• Calls from the community/disaster hotline
• Windshield surveys
• Inspec�ons of infrastructure and facili�es
• Other public reports
The EOC analyzes, confirms, and verifies all informa�on received. Once informa�on is deemed credible, it may be disseminated to other response agencies, partner organiza�ons, and the public. The EOC uses Situa�on Reports, EOC Ac�on Plans (EAPs), and other status reports to deliver priority informa�on to response partners.

6.2. PUBLIC INFORMATION
During all disasters, public informa�on is coordinated to ensure a consistent message. Once ac�vated, the EOC manages the dissemina�on of �mely and accurate public warnings. The Public Informa�on Officer (PIO) is responsible for emergency alerts and media coordina�on within the EOC.

Joint Information System
A Joint Informa�on System (JIS) may be ac�vated in complex incidents to support public informa�on coordina�on. The JIS is the broad mechanism that organizes, integrates, and coordinates informa�on to ensure �mely, accurate, accessible, and consistent messaging ac�vi�es across mul�ple departments or jurisdic�ons. The JIS includes the plans, protocols, procedures, and structures for public informa�on.

The Joint Informa�on Center (JIC) is a central loca�on that facilitates the opera�ons of the JIS. The JIC provides a physical or virtual space where public informa�on personnel performs cri�cal emergency informa�on func�ons, CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 40

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
crisis communica�ons, and public affairs func�ons. A JIC may be established at various levels of government and may include PIOs from mul�ple agencies, departments, and organiza�ons. The JIC coordinates all messaging through the EOC Director and public informa�on staff. When necessary, the JIC will coordinate with outside agencies, such as the Alameda County OA JIC.

Alert and Warning
The City of San Leandro emergency alert and warning program incorporates mul�ple systems to reach the broadest target popula�on. Specific circumstances of the incident dictate the method of aler�ng. Common alert and warning methods include:
• Alert and warning systems: Integrated alert systems allow authorized users to issue cri�cal public alerts and warnings. Alerts and messages can be sent via text or email, broadcast on television and radio, and delivered via phone. These systems include the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS) and AC Alerts.
• Social media: The City of San Leandro uses social media to engage in an official, two-way dialogue with large groups of people. Many departments maintain their social media accounts to support dissemina�ng coordinated public informa�on. The City website may also publish official incident updates.
• News media: The PIO will coordinate directly with local news media to support message dissemina�on and amplifica�on.
• In-person: The Police Department and Fire Department may conduct in-person no�fica�on using horns, speakers, and door-to-door warning. These techniques are typically used in conjunc�on with other aler�ng methods.
• Community-based messaging: Resilience Hubs and other community-based organiza�ons support message distribu�on among their communi�es and clients. Community-based messaging primarily amplifies other distribu�on methods and reaches tradi�onally underserved and/or marginalized communi�es.

The City of San Leandro is dedicated to ensuring equity and cultural competency in all emergency alerts and warnings. Mul�ple inclusive communica�ons methods support delivering life-safety and �me-sensi�ve informa�on to vulnerable popula�ons. The City partners with trusted messengers to keep public informa�on delivery when possible and may incorporate the following into its communica�ons strategy:
• Mul�ple languages (e.g., translators, American Sign Language interpreters) • Alterna�ve formats (e.g., closed cap�on, large print, audio, Braille) • Tradi�onal news media (e.g., radio, television) on culturally relevant programming • In-person no�fica�ons of vulnerable communi�es
• Use of trusted community partners (e.g., Resilience Hubs) CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 41

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7. ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE, AND LOGISTICS

7.1. DOCUMENTATION
The EOC Finance/Administra�on Sec�on is responsible for maintaining incident- and recovery-related documenta�on. Incident-related documenta�on typically refers to the following:
• Requests for emergency proclama�ons/declara�ons
• Local emergency proclama�on
• Situa�on Reports
• EAPs
• Request for assistance
• Cost/expenditures reports
• Damage assessment reports
• Press releases
• Other correspondence
• Personnel records
• Timekeeping records
Following EOC demobiliza�on, disaster records are maintained by the City of San Leandro departments. Records iden�fying incident-related expenditures and obliga�ons are kept separate from general programs and ac�vi�es and will be archived for a minimum of three years following the closure of federal reimbursement or longer for specific records outlined in state or local record reten�on policies.33,34 The City Clerk manages record reten�on schedules for the City.

7.2. FINANCE
Disaster-related expenditures may be reimbursed under several state and federal programs. Reimbursements may be authorized for approved costs for work performed to protect or restore public facili�es or func�ons.

Funding may also be available for individuals or businesses to assist with the recovery process. The City of San Leandro will seek cost recovery for disaster-related expenses whenever possible. Common disaster assistance programs are outlined in Appendix 9.5.

To facilitate this effort, the EOC maintains all cost documenta�on to support reimbursement requests for disaster-related expenditures. The Finance/Administra�on Sec�on in the EOC ensures appropriate documenta�on is collected and tracked in compliance with local, state, and federal regula�ons. Special considera�on is provided to expenses collected across various departments and agencies that may not have been opera�ng directly suppor�ng the EOC, such as ICP costs, con�nuity of opera�ons costs, and other response costs.

7.3. LOGISTICS
When ac�vated, the EOC establishes priori�es for resource alloca�on, which may include personnel, materials, supplies, and equipment.
33 htps://www.caloes.ca.gov/LegalAffairsSite/Documents/Cal%20OES%20Yellow%20Book.pdf 34 htps://www.sanleandro.org/DocumentCenter/View/6128/2019-Reten�on-Schedule?bidId= CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 42

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
When possible, individual departments manage their own resource sourcing during an incident. If a DOC or individual department cannot source its own resources, resource requests are submited to the EOC Logis�cs Sec�on via Veoci. The EOC manages all resource requests to ensure proper tracking and documenta�on. Once resources are assigned, the EOC tracks resource status and movement un�l demobiliza�on.

If the City of San Leandro cannot fulfill resource needs, a request is sent to the Alameda County OA EOC through Veoci. The Alameda County OA EOC supports resource sourcing through an established mutual aid channel.

Figure 5: Resource Request Process
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8. PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
The City of San Leandro EOP is developed under the authority of the Director of Emergency Services. Any agencies and organiza�ons listed as having an�cipated roles and responsibili�es under this plan will inform the Director of Emergency Services, or their designee, when they are aware that changes need to be made.

This EOP was developed using a whole community approach focusing on cultural competency. This approach includes solici�ng feedback from stakeholders across the City of San Leandro. Stakeholders included internal City of San Leandro personnel, Alameda County partners, Resilience Hub representa�ves, members of the business community, and residents. Over seven weeks, 11,959 responses were recorded. Representa�ves from City of San Leandro departments and Resilience Hubs leaders were also offered an opportunity to review and comment on a dra� version of the EOP.

Stakeholder involvement is key to developing a comprehensive EOP that is useful, applicable, and supported by all involved organiza�ons. Engaging a representa�ve cross-sec�on of response partners helps to ensure the EOP meets the needs of all individuals, par�cularly diverse popula�ons and those with access and func�onal needs.

The EOP and opera�onal annexes are reviewed, revised, or updated by a formal change using the whole community review approach at least every five years. The Director of Emergency Services, or designee, reviews this plan annually to determine the need for modifica�ons based on changing state or federal mandates and opera�onal requirements. The EOP may also be reviewed for consistency a�er the following events:
• A significant incident, EOC ac�va�on, or major exercise. • A change in opera�onal resources (e.g., policy, personnel, organiza�onal structures, management processes, facili�es, equipment).
• A formal update of planning guidance or standards, or enactment of new or amended laws or ordinances.
• A change in elected or appointed officials.
• A change in the local demographics or hazard or threat profile.

All changes to this plan are outlined in the Record of Changes, and an updated version of the document is then published and distributed to all agencies and organiza�ons outlined in the Record of Distribu�on.

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9. APPENDICES

9.1. AUTHORITIES
Federal
• Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988, 42 U.S.C. 5121, et seq., as amended
• Homeland Security Presiden�al Direc�ve 5, Management of Domes�c Incidents, February 28, 2003 • Homeland Security Presiden�al Direc�ve 8, Na�onal Preparedness, December 17, 2003 • The Code of Federal Regula�ons, Title 44, Chapter 1, Federal Emergency Management Agency, October 1, 2007
State
• California Emergency Services Act (CA Government Code Sec�on 8550 et. seq.) • California Disaster Assistance Act (CA Government Code Sec�on 8680 et. seq.) • California Code of Regula�ons Title 19 (Standardized Emergency Management System and California Disaster Assistance Act)
• California Disaster and Civil Defense Master Mutual Aid Agreement Local
• City of San Leandro Municipal Code Title 3 Health and Safety Chapter 3-4 Disaster Regula�ons • Alameda County Emergency Services Code Chapter 2.118 Civil Defense CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 45

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9.2. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Term Definition
AAR/IP After-Action Report/Improvement Plan
BART Bay Area Rapid Transit
BATEP Bay Area Training and Exercise Program
Cal OES California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services CCR California Code of Regulations
CDAA California Disaster Assistance Act
CPG Comprehensive Preparedness Guide
CSTI California Specialized Training Institute
DOC Department Operations Center
DSW Disaster Service Worker
EAP EOC Action Plan
EOC Emergency Operations Center
EOP Emergency Operations Plan
ESF Emergency Support Function
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
HSEEP Homeland Security's Exercise and Evaluation Program IC Incident Command(er)
ICP Incident Command Post
ICS Incident Command System
IPAWS Integrated Public Alert and Warning System
JIC Joint Information Center
JIS Joint Information System
LHMP Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
MMAA California Disaster and Civil Defense Master Mutual Aid Agreement NIMS National Incident Management System
OA Operational Area
OES Office of Emergency Services
PIO Public Information Officer
REOC Cal OES Coastal Region EOC
SEMS Standardized Emergency Management System
SCC Senior Community Center
SitRep Situation Report
SOC State Operations Center
SOP Standard Operating Procedure
UC Unified Command
Table 11: Acronyms and Abbreviations
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9.3. GLOSSARY
• Ac�on Plan: The plan prepared in the Emergency Opera�ons Center contains the emergency response objec�ves of the Standardized Emergency Management System level reflec�ng overall priori�es and suppor�ng ac�vi�es for a designated period. EOC partners share the EAP with suppor�ng agencies. • All Hazards: Refers to a policy or program designed to deal with various natural and technological hazards.
• Command: The act of direc�ng, ordering, or controlling under explicit statutory, regulatory, or delegated authority.
• Command/Management: Command directs, orders, and controls resources at the field response level.

Management is responsible for overall emergency policy and coordina�on at the Standardized Emergency Management System Emergency Opera�ons Center levels. • Commodity Point of Distribu�on (C-POD): A designated area where commodi�es are distributed to the public following a disaster or emergency. C-POD staff members safely and efficiently distribute lifesustaining commodi�es to the public in an accessible loca�on. • Con�nuity of Government: Includes measures to ensure con�nued leadership and preserva�on of vital records, thereby maintaining a viable system of government supported by law; establish emergency authori�es legally vested in government leaders so that they have prescribed powers to act; ensure the survivability of mechanisms and systems for direc�on and control so that ac�ons directed by leaders can be communicated and coordinated; sustain essen�al emergency services and resources so that cri�cal response and recovery ac�ons can achieve widest possible implementa�on. • Con�nuity of Opera�ons Planning: An internal effort within an organiza�on to ensure the capability exists to con�nue essen�al business func�ons across a wide range of poten�al emergencies, including localized acts of nature, accidents, and technological and atack/terrorist-related emergencies. • Department Opera�ons Center: A centralized loca�on for a single department or agency where internal incident management and response occurs.
• Disaster: A sudden and extraordinary misfortune; a calamity threatening or affec�ng extraordinary loss of life or property.
• Disaster Service Worker: All public employees in California are subject to such emergency or disaster ac�vi�es as may be assigned by their supervisors or by law. • Emergency: A condi�on of disaster or extreme peril to the safety of persons and property within the state caused by such condi�ons as air pollu�on, fire, flood, hazardous material incident, storm, epidemic, riot, drought, sudden and severe energy shortage, plant or animal infesta�ons or disease, the Governor's warning of an earthquake or volcanic predic�on, or an earthquake or other condi�ons, other than condi�ons resul�ng from a labor controversy.
• Emergency Management: The discipline and the profession of applying science, technology, planning, and management to deal with extreme events that can injure or kill large numbers of people, do extensive property damage, and disrupt community life. As a process, it involves preparing, mi�ga�ng, responding, and recovering from an emergency. Cri�cal func�onal components include planning, training, simula�ng drills (exercises), and coordina�ng ac�vi�es. • Emergency Opera�ons Center: A centralized loca�on where individuals responsible for responding to a large-scale emergency can have immediate communica�on with each other and with emergency management personnel to enhance coordina�on in exercising direc�on and control of emergency response and recovery efforts.

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EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
• Emergency Opera�ons Plan: The Emergency Opera�ons Plan is a document that describes strategies for managing emergencies.
• Evacua�on: Moving persons out of an area affected or poten�ally affected by a disaster. • Federal Emergency Management Agency: An agency created in 1979 to provide a single point of accountability for all federal ac�vi�es related to disaster mi�ga�on, preparedness, response, and recovery. The Federal Emergency Management Agency manages the President's Disaster Relief Fund and coordinates the disaster assistance ac�vi�es of all federal agencies in the event of a presiden�al disaster declara�on.
• Func�onal Annex: A document that supplements the Emergency Opera�ons Plan, which provides further planning informa�on for a specific aspect of emergency management. • Incident: An occurrence or event, either human-caused or by natural phenomena, that requires ac�on by emergency response personnel to prevent or minimize loss of life or damage to property and natural resources.
• Incident Ac�on Plan: The plan developed at the field response level contains objec�ves reflec�ng the overall incident strategy, specific tac�cal ac�ons, and suppor�ng informa�on for the next opera�onal period. The plan may be oral or writen.
• Incident Commander: The individual responsible for the command of all func�ons at the field response level.
• Incident Command System: A na�onally used standardized on-scene emergency management concept designed to allow its user(s) to adopt an integrated organiza�onal structure equal to the complexity and demands of single or mul�ple incidents without being hindered by jurisdic�onal boundaries. ICS is the field-level component of the Standardized Emergency Management System. It is the combina�on of facili�es, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communica�ons opera�ng within a standard organiza�onal structure, responsible for managing resources to accomplish objec�ves per�nent to an incident.
• Individual Assistance: A supplementary federal assistance available under the Stafford Act to individuals, families, and businesses and includes disaster housing assistance, unemployment assistance, grants, loans, legal services, crisis counseling, tax relief, and other services or relief programs. • Joint Informa�on Center: A facility that coordinates all incident-related public informa�on ac�vi�es. It is the central point of contact for all news media. Public informa�on officials from all par�cipa�ng agencies should co-locate at the Joint Informa�on Center.
• Major Disaster: As defined in federal law, is " any hurricane, tornado, storm, flood, high water, winddriven water, �dal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic erup�on, landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, drought, fire, explosion, or other technological or human caused catastrophe in any part of the United States which, in the determina�on of the President, causes the damage of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant major disaster assistance in allevia�ng the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering caused thereby."
• Master Mutual Aid Agreement: The California Disaster and Civil Defense Master Mutual Aid Agreement is made and entered into by and among the State of California, its various departments and agencies, and the various poli�cal subdivisions of the State. The agreement provides for the support of one jurisdic�on by another.
• Mi�ga�on: Ac�vi�es to eliminate or reduce the degree of risk to life and property from hazards before or a�er a disaster or emergency.

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• Mutual Aid: Voluntary aid and assistance in the event that a disaster should occur, by the interchange of services and facili�es, including, but not limited to, fire, police, medical and health, communica�on, and transporta�on services and facili�es, to cope with the problems of rescue, relief, evacua�on, rehabilita�on, and reconstruc�on which would arise in the event of a disaster. Mutual aid ensures that adequate resources, facili�es, and other support are provided to jurisdic�ons whenever their resources are inadequate to cope with a given situa�on.
• Opera�onal Area: An intermediate level of the state emergency services organiza�on, consis�ng of a county and all poli�cal subdivisions within the county area. The Opera�onal Area is a special-purpose organiza�on created to prepare for and coordinate the response to emergencies within a county area.

Each county is designated as an Opera�onal Area. The county and the poli�cal subdivisions may use an Opera�onal Area to coordinate emergency ac�vi�es and to serve as a link in the system of communica�ons and coordina�on between the State's emergency opera�ng centers and the opera�ng centers of the poli�cal subdivisions comprising the Opera�onal Area. The Opera�onal Area augments but does not replace any member jurisdic�on.
• Preparedness: Ac�ons taken before an emergency to develop opera�onal capabili�es and facilitate an effec�ve response if an emergency occurs. Preparedness measures include con�nuity of government, emergency communica�ons, emergency opera�ons centers, emergency opera�ons plans, emergency public informa�on materials, public educa�on programs, the exercise of plans, mutual aid agreements, stocking of disaster supplies, training of emergency response personnel, and warning systems. • Presiden�al Declara�on: A formal declara�on by the President that an emergency or major disaster exists based upon the request for such a declara�on by the Governor and with the verifica�on of Federal Emergency Management Agency preliminary damage assessments. • Public Assistance: A supplementary federal assistance provided under the Stafford Act to state and local jurisdic�ons, special purpose districts, tribal districts, or eligible private, nonprofit organiza�ons. • Public Informa�on: Processes, procedures, and systems for communica�ng �mely, accurate, and accessible informa�on on the incident's cause, size, and current situa�on; resources commited; and other maters of general interest to the public, responders, and addi�onal stakeholders (both directly affected and indirectly affected).
• Recovery: An ac�vity to return vital life support systems to minimum opera�ng standards and long-term ac�vity designed to return life to normal or improved levels, including some form of economic viability.

Recovery measures include but are not limited to crisis counseling, damage assessment, debris clearance, disaster loans and grants, disaster unemployment assistance, public informa�on, reassessment of emergency plans, reconstruc�on, temporary housing, and full-scale business resump�on.
• Resources: Personnel and major equipment, supplies, and facili�es available or poten�ally available for assignment to incident opera�ons and for which status is maintained. Resources are described by kind and type and may be used in opera�onal support or supervisory capaci�es at an incident or an Emergency Opera�ons Center.
• Resource Management: Efficient emergency management and incident response requires a system for iden�fying available resources at all jurisdic�onal levels to enable �mely and unimpeded access to resources needed to prepare for, respond to, or recover from an incident. Resource management under the Na�onal Incident Management System includes mutual aid and assistance agreements, special federal, state, tribal, and local teams, and resource mobiliza�on protocols.

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EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
• Response: Ac�ons taken immediately before, during, or directly a�er an emergency occurs to save lives, minimize damage to property and the environment, and enhance the effec�veness of recovery.

Response measures include, but are not limited to, emergency plan ac�va�on, emergency alert system ac�va�on, emergency instruc�ons to the public, emergency medical assistance, staffing the emergency opera�ons center, public official aler�ng, recep�on and care, shelter and evacua�on, search and rescue, resource mobiliza�on, and warning systems ac�va�on.
• Sec�on: The organiza�onal level having responsibility for a major func�onal area of incident or Emergency Opera�ons Center management (e.g., Opera�ons, Planning, Logis�cs, Finance/Administra�on). A designated Chief leads each sec�on. • Situa�on Report: O�en contains confirmed or verified informa�on regarding the specific details rela�ng to the incident.
• Standardized Emergency Management System: The consistent set of rules and procedures governing the overall opera�onal control or coordina�on of emergency opera�ons specified in CCR Title 19, Division 2, §2400 et sec. It iden�fies at each level of the statewide emergency organiza�on the direc�on of field forces and the coordina�on of joint efforts of government and private agencies. The Incident Command System is the field-level component of the Standardized Emergency Management System. • State of Emergency: A governmental declara�on that may suspend some normal government func�ons, alert ci�zens to change their normal behaviors, or order government agencies to implement emergency opera�ons plans.
• Vital Records: The essen�al agency records needed to meet opera�onal responsibili�es under na�onal security emergencies or other emergency or disaster condi�ons (emergency opera�ng records) or to protect the legal and financial rights of the government and those affected by government ac�vi�es (legal and financial rights records).

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EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN

9.4. EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION COORDINATORS
The City of San Leandro ESFs are loosely aligned with the California Emergency Support Func�ons as outlined in the State of California Emergency Plan. This includes the incorpora�on of ESF #9 (Search & Rescue) into ESF #4 (Fire & Rescue) and #13 (Law Enforcement) and the incorpora�on of ESF #16 (Evacua�on) into ESF #13 (Law Enforcement). The City of San Leandro does not organize in around ESF #11 (Agriculture) due to the lack of agriculture resources within jurisdic�onal boundaries.

ESF # Function Definition Lead Department
1 Transportation Assists in managing transportation systems and infrastructure in response to an incident.

Engineering &
Transportation
2 Communications Provides resources, support, and restoration of government emergency telecommunications,
including voice and data systems.

Information
Technology
3 Construction
and Engineering
Organizes the capabilities and resources of the
government to facilitate the delivery of services,
technical assistance, engineering expertise,
construction management, and other support to local
jurisdictions.

Engineering &
Transportation
4 Fire and Rescue Coordinates support activities related to detecting and suppressing urban, rural, and wildland fires, urban
search and rescue activities, and provides personnel,
equipment, and supplies to support local jurisdictions.

Fire Services
5 Management Coordinates and resolves issues among ESFs in the four phases of emergency management to ensure
consistency in developing and maintaining the EOP
and functional annexes.

City Manager
6 Care and Shelter Coordinates actions to assist responsible jurisdictions in meeting the needs of victims displaced during an
incident, including food assistance, clothing, nonmedical care and sheltering, family reunification, and victim recovery.

Human Services
7 Resources Coordinates plans and activities to locate, procure, and pre-position resources to support emergency
operations.

Public Library
8 Public Health
and Medical
Coordinates public health, environmental health, and
emergency medical services activities supporting local
jurisdiction resource needs.

Fire Services
10 Hazardous
Materials
Coordinates resources in the event of a current or
potential threat to public and environmental health
due to a hazardous materials release.

Fire Services
12 Utilities Provides resources and support to the private sector to restore gas, electric, water, wastewater, and
telecommunications systems.

Public Works
13 Law
Enforcement
Coordinates law enforcement personnel and
equipment to manage law enforcement, coroner,
evacuation, and wildland search and rescue activities.

Police Department
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EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
ESF # Function Definition Lead Department
14 Recovery Supports and enables the recovery of neighborhoods affected by extraordinary emergencies or disasters.

Community
Development
15 Public
Information
Supports accurate, coordinated, timely, and accessible
information to affected audiences, including media,
the private sector, the general public, and individuals with access and functional needs.

City Manager
17 Volunteer and
Donations
Management
Supports the efficient and effective use of affiliated
and unaffiliated volunteers, organizations, and
monetary or in-kind donated resources.

Human Services
18 Cybersecurity Coordinates resources to prepare for, mitigate against, respond to, and recover from a significant
cybersecurity event.

Information
Technology
Table 12: Emergency Support Function Coordinator
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EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN

9.5. DISASTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS
This is not intended to be a comprehensive list of disaster assistance programs, but to provide an overview of programs commonly used to support cost recovery.

Assistance Program Details
Public Assistance Program FEMA's Public Assistance (PA) grant program provides federal assistance to government organizations and certain private nonprofit organizations following a presidential disaster declaration. Eligible projects include debris removal, life-saving emergency protective measures, and the repair, replacement, or restoration of disaster-damaged publicly owned facilities, and the facilities of certain private nonprofit organizations. The PA program also encourages the protection of these damaged facilities from future events by providing financial assistance for hazard mitigation measures during the recovery process.35 The federal share of assistance is up to 75 percent of the eligible cost. In some cases, such as during the COVID-19 recovery process, the federal share may reimburse up to 100% of eligible costs.36 California Disaster
Assistance Act
The California Disaster Assistance Act (CDAA) authorizes Cal OES to administer a disaster assistance program that provides state funding for costs incurred by local governments due to a disaster event. Funding for the repair, restoration, or replacement of public real property damaged or destroyed by a disaster is made available when the Director concurs with a local emergency proclamation requesting state disaster assistance. The program also provides for the reimbursement of local government costs associated with certain emergency activities undertaken in response to a state of emergency proclaimed by the Governor. In addition, the program may provide matching fund assistance for cost-sharing required under federal public assistance programs in response to a Presidential Major Disaster or Emergency Declaration. Generally, the state share reimbursed to an applicant agency is no more than 75% of the eligible project costs.

Fire Management Assistance
Grant
The Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG) program provides supplemental federal assistance to states and affected local governments for the mitigation, management, and control of fires burning on publicly or privately owned forests or grassland. A local fire agency must request an FMAG through the Marin OA EOC to the Cal OES Fire and Rescue Branch or the California State Warning Center (CSWC) while the fire is burning uncontrolled.

Cal OES coordinates with FEMA on an expedited basis and a funding decision is rendered in a matter of hours.37
Community Disaster Loan FEMA’s Community Disaster Loan program provides forgivable loans capped at $5 million to units of local government based on real revenue shortfalls due to a presidentially declared disaster. Typically, the loan may not exceed 25% of 35 htps://www.fema.gov/assistance/public/program-overview 36 htps://www.fema.gov/press-release/20210203/fema-statement-100-cost-share 37 htps://www.fema.gov/assistance/public/fire-management-assistance CITY OF SAN LEANDRO 53

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
Assistance Program Details
the local government’s annual operating budget for the fiscal year of the disaster.38
Hazard Mitigation Grant
Program
FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) provides funding to eligible units of local government to support their efforts to rebuild following a disaster in a way that reduces future losses in their communities. Hazard mitigation includes long-term efforts to reduce risk and the potential impact of future disasters.39
Individual Assistance
Program
FEMA provides assistance to individuals and households through the Individual Assistance (IA) Program, which includes the following programs:40 • Mass Care and Emergency Assistance
• Individuals and Households Program
o Housing Assistance
o Other Needs Assistance
• Disaster Case Management
• Crisis Counseling Assistance and Training Program
• Disaster Legal Services
• Disaster Unemployment Assistance
• Voluntary Agency Coordination
Small Business
Administration Disaster
Loans
The Small Business Administration (SBA) provides low- or no-interest disaster loans to help businesses and homeowners recover from declared disasters.

The SBA declaration process has a lower threshold than FEMA and will only assist those who do not meet FEMA requirements.41
Table 13: Disaster Assistance Programs Overview
38 htps://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11600 39 htps://www.fema.gov/grants/mi�ga�on/hazard-mi�ga�on 40 htps://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/fema_individual-assistance-program-policy-guide_11-29-2018.pdf 41 htps://www.sba.gov/funding-programs/disaster-assistance