Appendix C
Biological Resources Technical Report
DRAFT
Biological Resources Technical Report
Gran Vista
SEPTEMBER 2022
Prepared for:
MERITAGE HOMES
5 Peters Canyon Road, Suite 310
Irvine, California 92606
Contact: Johanna Crooker
Prepared by:
605 Third Street
Encinitas, California 92024
Contact: Vanessa Scheidel
Printed on 30% post-consumer recycled material.
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Table of Contents
SECTION PAGE NO.
Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................ iii 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Regional and Local Setting .................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Project Description ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Land Uses ............................................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Soils ......................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Watersheds and Hydrology .................................................................................................................... 2 2 Regulatory Context ............................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Federal .................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1.1 Federal Endangered Species Act ............................................................................................. 3
2.1.2 Migratory Bird Treaty Act .......................................................................................................... 3
2.1.3 Clean Water Act ........................................................................................................................ 3
2.2 State ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
2.2.1 California Endangered Species Act .......................................................................................... 4
2.2.2 California Fish and Game Code ............................................................................................... 4
2.2.3 Porter–Cologne Water Quality Control Act .............................................................................. 5
2.2.4 California Environmental Quality Act ....................................................................................... 5
2.3 Local ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.3.1 North County Multiple Habitat Conservation Program ........................................................... 6 3 Methods ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
3.1 Literature Review .................................................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Field Surveys ........................................................................................................................................... 7
3.2.1 Vegetation Community and Land Cover Mapping .................................................................. 7
3.2.2 Focused Surveys for Thread-Leaved and Orcutt’s Brodiaea .................................................. 8
3.2.3 Jurisdictional Delineation ......................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Survey Limitations .................................................................................................................................. 8 4 Results .................................................................................................................................................................. 9
4.1 Vegetation Communities and Land Covers ........................................................................................... 9
4.1.1 Non-native Grassland ............................................................................................................... 9
4.1.2 Diegan Coastal Sage Scrub: Baccharis-dominated ................................................................ 9
4.1.3 Urban/Developed ..................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Plant and Wildlife Species Observed ................................................................................................. 10
4.3 Special-Status/Regulated Resources ................................................................................................ 10
4.3.1 Sensitive Vegetation Communities ....................................................................................... 10
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4.3.2 Special-Status Plant Species ................................................................................................ 10
4.3.3 Special-Status Wildlife Species ............................................................................................. 11
4.3.4 Nesting Birds .......................................................................................................................... 11
4.3.5 Jurisdictional Waters ............................................................................................................. 11
4.4 Wildlife Corridors and Habitat Linkages ............................................................................................. 12 5 Project Impacts and Significance Determination ............................................................................................ 13
5.1 Definition of Impacts ........................................................................................................................... 13
5.2 Explanation of Findings of Significance ............................................................................................. 13
5.3 Special-Status Vegetation Communities ............................................................................................ 14
5.4 Special-Status Plant Species .............................................................................................................. 14
5.5 Special-Status Wildlife Species .......................................................................................................... 14
5.6 Jurisdictional Waters ........................................................................................................................... 14
5.7 Wildlife Corridors and Habitat Linkages ............................................................................................. 15
5.8 Migratory Birds .................................................................................................................................... 15
5.9 Regional Conservation Planning Context ........................................................................................... 15 6 Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................................................................... 17 7 References ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
FIGURES
1 Project Location ................................................................................................................................................ 21 2 Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types............................................................................................. 23 3 Soils ................................................................................................................................................................... 25 4 Hydrologic Setting ............................................................................................................................................. 27 5A Special-Status Species Occurrences – Wildlife ............................................................................................... 29 5B Special-Status Species Occurrences – Plants ................................................................................................ 31 5C Special-Status Species Occurrences – Communities ..................................................................................... 33 6 Impacts to Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types .......................................................................... 35
APPENDICES
A Plant Species Compendium
B Wildlife Species Compendium
C Special-Status Plant Species Potential to Occur
D Special-Status Wildlife Species Potential to Occur
E Representative Site Photographs
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronym/Abbreviation Definition
CCR California Code of Regulations
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CESA California Endangered Species Act
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
City City of San Marcos
CNDDB California Natural Diversity Database
IPaC Information for Planning and Consultation
MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act
MHCP Multiple Habitat Conservation Program
MM Mitigation Measure
Project Gran Vista Project
report Biological Resources Technical Report
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
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1 Introduction
Dudek prepared this Biological Resources Technical Report (report) for the Gran Vista Project (Project) in support of Project review by the City of San Marcos (City) in the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) evaluation process.
It is also intended to support environmental review by other applicable regulatory resource agencies as needed.
The purpose of this report is to provide the methods and results of the vegetation mapping, jurisdictional delineation, reconnaissance survey, and literature review. This report includes an impact analysis based on survey results and federal, state, and local regulations, as well as conditions to avoid and minimize impacts to biological resources.
1.1 Regional and Local Setting
The proposed Project is the development of an approximately 7.6-acre vacant lot. The site is located in the land use jurisdictions of both the City of San Marcos and the County of San Diego; however, it is proposed to be annexed into City jurisdiction. The site is located at the southeastern portion of San Marcos, bordering the City of Escondido to the east and unincorporated County of San Diego lands to the south. The Project site is bounded by Las Posas Road along the eastern boundary, W. Mission Road along the southwest boundary, an existing CVS store to the south (with a parking lot that extends into the Project site), and existing single -family residential developme nt to the west/northwest (Figure 1, Project Location). Nearby land uses in the vicinity of the Project site include industrial and commercial uses to the west on the other side of W. Mission Road, the Santa Fe Hills residential community to the north, and Palomar College approximately 0.5 miles to the east. The Project site is comp osed of Assessor’s Parcel Numbers 219-121-1500 and 219-121-1600; it is located on the 7.5 -minute San Marcos quadrangle map on Section s 3 and 10 , in Township 12 South, Range 3 West of the San Bernardino Base and Meridian. The approximate center of the Project site corresponds to 33.150335° north latitude, and -117.189601° west longitude. The site is General Plan designated Commercial (C) (City of San Marcos 2012).
Topography of the Project site is gently sloping from north to south, with an elevation range of approximately 582 to 568 feet above mean sea level. San Diego County experiences a Mediterranean climate with warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. The average maximum temperature in the general vicinity of the Project site is 77.2 °F, and the average minimum temperature is approximately 52.3°F. Average annual precipitation in the general vicinity of the Project site is 14.93 inches, nearly all of which falls October through April (WRCC 2022).
1.2 Project Description
The residential component of the Project would consist of 120 townhomes with a mix of 2- and 3-bedroom units.
The Project would include approximately 92,645 square feet of recreation area onsite and an average of 154 square feet of private open space per unit. Amenities onsite would include tot-lots and recreational areas, a dog park, a community garden, and a landscaped pedestrian path along the Las Posas Road frontage. The Project would include two points of entr y using the existing driveway entries on N. Las Posas Road and W. Mission Road that currently provide access to the adjacent CVS store . A total of 264 parking spaces would be provided for the residential dwelling units, including 20 guest spaces , in addition to 37 existing spaces on -site. The Project site is currently zoned for Commercial (C) use with an existing General Plan designation of Commercial and is within the City’s General Plan Neighborhood College area (City of San Marcos 2012). The Project proposes a General Plan and Zoning Amendment to change the land use designation to Specific Plan Area (SPA).
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1.3 Land Uses
The majority of the on-site land use is currently unoccupied and disturbed from previous grading and disking. The Project site was graded in the early 1990s and imported fill material from a site in eastern San Marcos and again in the early 2000s based on first-hand knowledge and historical aerial imagery; in 2009, the site was again rough graded, sheet graded, and used as a staging area for construction of the CVS store located just southwest of the site (Historic Aerials 2021), and implemented an approved erosion control plan which utilized a hydroseed mix to stabilize the soil. The southeast portion of the Project site is currently used as a CVS parking lot. In addition, in 2017 the State of California processed a use permit for Palomar Community College District for temporary parking. Once the parking was no longer needed, the area was restored by removing parking fill to the disturbed areas and graded back to its pre-parking condition. The site has been disced every one to three years since the original grading permit was relied upon. This site reportedly is mowed for fire abatement (EAEC 2017). The site is bordered primarily by residential neighborhoods to the north and commercial and industrial development to the east, west, and south (Figure 2, Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types).
1.4 Soils
The U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Survey mapped most of the Project site as underlain by the following soil types: Huerhuero loam (HrC), 2% to 9% slopes and Placentia sandy loam (PeC), 2% to 9% slopes (USDA 2022) (Figure 3, Soils). Neither of the soil types are considered hydric soils or are known to support edaphic special-status plant species (i.e., the soils of the site are neither serpentine nor alkaline).
Soils within the Project site have been degraded over time from disturbances such as grading and disking. As a result, the soils no longer maintain their native soil characteristics, and therefore have no particular significance to biological resources of the Project site.
1.5 Watersheds and Hydrology
The Project site is located within the San Marcos Creek Hydrologic Unit (Figure 4, Hydrologic Setting) (HUC 12- 180703030503) (USGS 2022). The San Marcos Creek Hydrologic Unit covers an area of approximately 54 square miles. This hydrologic unit is bordered by Lower Escondido Creek Hydrologic Unit to the south, Loma Alta Creek - Frontal Gulf of Santa Catalina Hydrologic Unit to the west, Agua Hedionda Creek Hydrologic Unit to the north , and Upper Escondido Creek Hydrologic Unit to the east. The San Marcos Creek Hydrologic Unit includes one major coastal lagoon, Batiquitos (USGS 2022).
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2 Regulatory Context
2.1 Federal
2.1.1 Federal Endangered Species Act
The federal Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 USC 1531 et seq.), as amended, is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for most plant and animal species, and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service for certain marine species. This legislation is intended to provide a means to conserve the ecosystems upon which endangered and threatened species depend , and provide programs for the conservation of those species, thus preventing extinction of plants and wildlife. The federal Endangered Species Act defines an endangered species as “any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.” A threatened species is defined as “any species that is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a s ignificant portion of its range.” Under the federal Endangered Species Act, it is unlawful to take any listed species, and “take” is defined as, “harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct.” The federal Endangered Species Act allows for the issuance of incidental take permits for listed species under Section 7, which is generally available for projects that also require other federal agency permits or other approvals, and under Section 10, which provides for the approval of hab itat conservation plans on private property without any other federal agency involvement. Upon development of a habitat conservation plan, USFWS can issue incidental take permits for listed species.
2.1.2 Migratory Bird Treaty Act
The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) was originally passed in 1918 as four bilateral treaties, or conventions, for the protection of a shared migratory bird resource. The primary motivation for the international negotiations was to stop the “indiscriminate slaughter” of migratory birds by market hunters and others. Each of the treaties protects selected species of birds and provides for closed and open seasons for hunting game birds. The MBTA protects more than 800 species of birds and prohibits the take of any migratory bird or any part, nest, or eggs of any such bird. Under the MBTA, “take” is defined as pursuing, hunting, shooting, capturing, collecting, or killing, or attempting to do so (16 USC 703 et seq.).
Additionally, Executive Order 13186, Responsibilities of Federal Agencies to Protect Migratory Birds, requires that any project with federal involvement address impacts of federal actions on migratory birds with the purpose of promoting conservation of migratory bird populations (66 FR 3853–3856). The executive order requires federal agencies to work with USFWS to develop a memorandum of understanding. USFWS reviews actions that might affect these species.
Two species of eagles that are native to the United States, bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), were granted additional protection within the United States under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (16 USC 668–668d) to prevent the species from becoming extinct.
2.1.3 Clean Water Act
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) regulates the discharge of dredged and/or fill material into “waters of the United States.” The term “wetlands” (a subset of waters of the United
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States) is defined in Title 33 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Section 328.3(b), as “those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.” In the absence of wetlands, the limits of USACE jurisdiction in non-tidal waters, such as intermittent streams, extend to the ordinary high water mark (OHWM), which is defined in Title 33 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Section 328.3(e).
2.2 State
2.2.1 California Endangered Species Act
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) administers the California Endangered Species Act (CESA), which prohibits the “take” of plant and animal species designated by the California Fish and Game Commission as endangered or threatened in the state of California. Under CESA Section 86, take is defined as “hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill, or attempt to hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill.” CESA Section 2053 stipulates that state agencies may not approve projects that will “jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered species or threatened species, or result in the destruction or adverse modification of habitat essential to the continued existence of those species, if there are reasonable and prudent alternatives available consistent with conserving the species or its habitat which would prevent jeopardy.”
CESA defines an endangered species as “a native species or subspecies of a bird, mammal, fish, amphibian, reptile, or plant which is in serious danger of becoming extinct throughout all, or a significant portion, of its range due to one or more causes, including loss of habitat, change in habitat, overexploitation, predation, competition, or disease.” CESA defines a threatened species as “a native species or subspecies of a bird, mammal, fish, amphibian, reptile, or plant that, although not presently threatened with extinction, is likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future in the absence of the special protection and management efforts required by this chapter. Any animal determined by the [California Fish and Game] Commission as rare on or before Jan uary 1, 1985, is a threatened species.” A candidate species is defined as “a native species or subspecies of a bird, mammal, fish, amphibian, reptile, or plant that the Commission has formally noticed as being under review by the department for addition to either the list of endangered species or the list of threatened species, or a species for which the Commission has published a notice of proposed regulation to add the species to either list.” CESA does not list invertebrate species.
CESA authorizes the taking of threatened, endangered, or candidate species if take is incidental to an otherwise lawful activity and if specific criteria are met. These provisions also require CDFW to coordinate consultations with USFWS for actions involving federally listed species that are also state -listed species. In certain circumstances, CESA allows CDFW to adopt a CESA incidental take authorization as satisfactory for CEQA purposes based on finding that the federal permit adequately protects the species and is consistent with state law.
A CESA permit may not authorize the take of “fully protected” species that are protected in other provisions of the California Fish and Game Code, discussed further below.
2.2.2 California Fish and Game Code
Sections 3511 (birds), 4700 (mammals), 5050 (reptiles and amphibians), and 5515 (fish) of the California Fish and Game Code provide that designated fully protected species may not be taken or possessed without a permit.
Incidental take of these species is not authorized by law.
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Pursuant to Section 3503.5 of the California Fish and Game Code, it is unlawful to take, possess, or destroy any birds of prey; or to take, possess, or destroy any nest or eggs of such birds. Birds of prey refer to species in the orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes.
Nests of all other birds (except English sparrow [Passer domesticus] and European starling [Sturnus vulgaris]) are protected under Sections 3503 and 3513 of the California Fish and Game Code.
Pursuant to Section 1602 of the California Fish and Game Co de, CDFW regulates all diversions, obstructions, or changes to the natural flow or bed, channel, or bank of any river, stream, or lake that supports fish or wildlife.
Diversion, obstruction, or changes to the natural flow or bed, channel, or bank of any ri ver, stream, or lake that supports fish or wildlife requires authorization from CDFW by means of entering into an agreement pursuant to Section 1602 of the California Fish and Game Code.
2.2.3 Porter–Cologne Water Quality Control Act
The Porter –Cologne Water Qua lity Control Act (Porter –Cologne Act) protects water quality and the beneficial uses of water. It applies to surface water and groundwater. Under this law, the State Water Resources Control Board develops statewide water quality plans, and the Regional Wat er Quality Control Boards (RWQCBs) develop regional basin plans that identify beneficial uses, water quality objectives, and implementation plans.
The RWQCBs have the primary responsibility to implement the provisions of statewide plans and basin plans.
Waters regulated under the Porter –Cologne Act include isolated waters that are not regulated by USACE.
RWQCBs regulate discharging waste, or proposing to discharge waste, within any region that could affect a “water of the state” (California Water Code, Sect ion 13260[a]). Waters of the state are defined as “any surface water or groundwater, including saline waters, within the boundaries of the state” (California Water Code, Section 13050[e]). Developments with impacts on jurisdictional waters must demonstrate compliance with the goals of the Porter –Cologne Act by developing stormwater pollution prevention plans, standard urban stormwater mitigation plans, and other measures to obtain a Clean Water Act Section 401 certification. If a Clean Water Act Section 404 permit is not required for a project, the RWQCB may still require a permit (i.e., Waste Discharge Requirement) for impacts to waters of the state under the Porter –Cologne Act.
2.2.4 California Environmental Quality Act
CEQA (California Public Resources Code Section 21000 et seq.) and the CEQA Guidelines (14 CCR 15000 et seq.) require identification of a project’s potentially significant impacts on biological resources and feasible mitigation measures and alternatives that could avoid or reduce significant impac ts. CEQA Guidelines Section 15380(b)(1) defines endangered animals or plants as species or subspecies whose “survival and reproduction in the wild are in immediate jeopardy from one or more causes, including loss of habitat, change in habitat, overexploita tion, predation, competition, disease, or other factors” (14 CCR 15000 et seq.). A rare animal or plant is defined in CEQA Guidelines Section 15380(b)(2) as a species that, although not currently threatened with extinction, exists “in such small numbers throughout all or a significant portion of its range that it may become endangered if its environment worsens; or … [t]he species is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range and may be considered ‘threatened’ as that term is used in the federal Endangered Species Act.” Additionally, an animal or plant may be presumed to be endangered, rare, or threatened if it meets the criteria for listing, as defined further in CEQA Guidelines Section 15380(c). CEQA also requires identification of a project’s potentially significant impacts on riparian habitats (such as wetlands, bays, estuaries, and marshes) and other sensitive natural communities, including habitats occupied by endangered, rare, and threatened species.
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In Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), Section 1.72 (14 CCR, Section 1.72), CDFW defines a “stream” (including creeks and rivers) as “a body of water that flows at least periodically or intermittently through a bed or channel having banks and supports fish or other aquatic life. This includes watercourses having surface or subsurface flow that supports or has supported riparian vegetation.” In 14 CCR 1.56, CDFW’s definition of “lake” includes “natural lakes or man -made rese rvoirs.” Diversion, obstruction, or changes to the natural flow or bed, channel, or bank of any river, stream, or lake that supports fish or wildlife requires authorization from CDFW by means of entering into an agreement pursuant to Section 1602 of the California Fish and Game Code.
CDFW recognizes that all plants with a California Rare Plant Rank 1A, 1B, or 2, and some ranked 3, of the California Native Plant Society Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants in California (CNPS 2022) may meet the criteria for listing as threatened or endangered and should be considered under CEQA (CDFW 2021). Some of the California Rare Plant Rank 3 and 4 plants meet the criteria for determination as “rare” or “endangered” as defined in Section 1901, Chapter 10 (Native Plant Protection Act), Division 2, of the California Fish and Game Code, as well as Section 2062 and Section 2067, Chapter 1.5 (CESA), Division 3. Therefore, consideration under CEQA for these California Rare Plant Rank 3 and 4 species is strongly recommended by the California Native Plant Society (CNPS 2022).
For purposes of this report, animals considered “rare” under CEQA include endangered or threatened species, Birds of Conservation Concern (USFWS 2021), California Species of Special Concern (CDFW 2022a), and fully protected species.
Section IV, Appendix G, Environmental Checklist Form, of the CEQA Guidelines (14 CCR 15000 et seq.) requires an evaluation of impacts to “any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identifie d in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.” The criteria used to determine the significance of impacts to biological resources under CEQA are provided in Chapter 5, Project Impacts and Significance Determination.
2.3 Local
2.3.1 North County Multiple Habitat Conservation Program The North County Multiple Habitat Conservation Program (MHCP) is a long-term regional conservation plan established to protect sensitive species and habitats in northern San Diego County. The MHCP is divided into seven Subarea Plans—one for each jurisdiction within the MHCP—that are permitted and implemented separately from one another.
The City of Carlsbad is the only city under the MHCP that has an approved and permitted Subarea Plan. The City of San Marcos Subarea Habitat Conservation Plan/Natural Community Conservation Plan (San Marcos Subarea Plan) has not been finalized or implemented, and the City is no longer an active participant in the Natural Community Conservation Plan program or the subregional MHCP conservation planning effort. However, it is the City’s policy to comply with the conservation policies identified in the draft San Marcos Subarea Plan, including an assessment of a designated Biological Core and Linkage Area or MHCP Focused Planning Area in the context of a proposed project and the preservation of sensitive biological resources.
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3 Methods
3.1 Literature Review
Dudek conducted a review of the existing biological resources and species within the vicinity of the Project site using CDFW’s California Natural Diversity Database (CDFW 202 2b); the California Native Plant Society ’s Online Inventory of Rare, Threatened, a nd Endangered Plants of California (CNPS 202 2); the San Diego Natural History Museum’s Plant Atlas (SDNHM 2022), Mammal Atlas (Tremor et al. 2017), and Bird Atlas (Unitt 2004); and the San Diego Geographic Information System (SanGIS). Dudek obtained special-status species occurrence data from the above sources by querying records within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-Minute Quadrangle Map and the nine Quadrangle Maps surrounding the Project site: Valley Center, Morro Hill, Bonsall, Pala, Encinitas, Escondido, Rancho Santa Fe, San Luis Rey, and San Marcos USGS.
For this report, special-status plant and wildlife species are defined as those that are (1) listed, proposed for listing, or candidates for listing as threatened or endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act; (2) listed or candidates for listing as threatened or endangered under the California Endangered Species Act; (3) designated as Fully Protected under the California Fish and Game Code; (4) designated as a California Species of Special Concern by CDFW; and/or (5) assigned a California Rare Plant Rank of 1B or 2B by the California Native Plant Society.
In addition, Dudek reviewed the following available resources to assess the potential for biological and wetland resources within the Project site and vicinity:
▪ List of potentially occurring listed species generated from a review of USFWS’s Information for Planning and Consultation (IPaC) Trust Resources Report list of federal and threatened species (USFWS 2022a) ▪ USGS National Hydrography Dataset (USGS 2022)
▪ USFWS National Wetlands Inventory (USFWS 2022b)
▪ U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Web Soil Survey (USDA 2022) Prior environmental documents prepared for the Project provided information on biological resources and constraints previously identified. The documents reviewed included the following:
▪ Biological Site Assessment for the Meritage Homes Project in San Marcos, California (Dudek 2021) ▪ Directed Surveys for Thread-Leaved and Orcutt’s Brodiaea, Mission Pointe (EAEC 2017) ▪ Potential Biological Constraints to Development for the Property Located at the Corner of Las Posas and Mission, City of San Marcos (BCG 2008)
3.2 Field Surveys
3.2.1 Vegetation Community and Land Cover Mapping
Dudek biologists conducted vegetation mapping to characterize natural vegetation communities, including habitats for special-status species, within the Project site. Vegetation communities and land covers were mapped using the Preliminary Descriptions of the Ter restrial Natural Communities of California (Holland 1986) as modified by the County of San Diego and noted in Vegetation Communities of San Diego County (Oberbauer et al. 2008).
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Vegetation mapping was conducted within the Project site in June 2021 in conju nction with the initial reconnaissance-level surveys for sensitive resources. Mapping was performed in the field through interpretation of field maps with a high-quality aerial photographic base map.
3.2.2 Focused Surveys for Thread-Leaved and Orcutt’s Brodiaea Everett and Associates Environmental Consultants conducted a focused survey for thread-leaved brodiaea (Brodiaea filifolia) and Orcutt’s brodiaea (B. Orcutti) in 2017 within the Project site. A reference site approximately 1,300 feet northwest of the Project site, with a known population of thread-leaved brodiaea, was visited the morning of the survey to verify the species was in bloom. The Project site was surveyed using transects to achieve complete visual coverage of the site (EAEC 2017).
3.2.3 Jurisdictional Delineation
3.2.3.1 Previous Jurisdictional Delineation
In 2008, Blue Consulting Group performed a jurisdictional delineation to classify “waters of the United States and State,” including wetlands, under the jurisdiction of USACE and CDFW (BCG 2008) . The USACE jurisdictional wetlands delineation was conducted in accordance with the 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual (USACE 1987). Hydrology, vegetation, and soils were examined at potential wetland sites and were recorded on wetland determination data forms. Additionally, a directed survey for potential vernal pool basins and vernal pool plant species was completed onsite.
3.2.3.2 2021 Jurisdictional Delineation
Dudek biologists field verified the findings of previous jurisdictional delineations within the Project site in June 2021 in conjunction with the initial reconnaissance -level surveys for sensitive resources. Methods followed those described for the 2008 delineation (Section 3.2.3.1).
3.3 Survey Limitations
The reconnaissance survey, vegetation mapping, and jurisdictional delineation were done during the daylight hours under weather conditions that allowed for quality biological observations (e.g., surveys were not conducted during rain). Because surveys were condu cted during the day, the likelihood of detecting nocturnal and crepuscular species, such as many mammal species, was relatively low.
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4 Results
4.1 Vegetation Communities and Land Covers
Three vegetation communities/land covers were mapped within the Project site: non-native grassland, Diegan coastal sage scrub, and urban/developed (Figure 2).
4.1.1 Non-native Grassland
Non-native grassland consists of dense to sparse cover of annual grasses with flowering culms between 0.5 to 3 feet in height (Oberbauer et al. 2008). In San Diego County, the presence of wild oat (Avena spp.), bromes, stork’s bill (Erodium cicutarium), and mustard (Hirschfeldia incana) are common indicators. In some areas, depending on past disturbance and annual rainfall, annual forbs may be the dominant species; however, it is presumed that grasses will dominate. Non-native grassland makes up the majority of the Project site and is dominated by oats and brome grasses (Bromus spp.) in the open to continuous herbaceous layer. Other common herbs observed in the grassland include shortpod mustard, prickly Russian thistle (Salsola tragus), redstem stork’s bill, and Menzies’s golden bush (Isocoma menziesii). The vegetation community is the result of hydroseed placement over the graded portions of the site. The current owner actively mows the area thus limiting the potential for the area to regenerate to its fullest potential. There is 5.95 acres of non-native grassland onsite.
4.1.2 Diegan Coastal Sage Scrub: Baccharis-dominated
Diegan coastal sage scrub is a subcategory of coastal scrub plant community as described in Oberbauer et al. (2008). The community is typically dominated by low, soft woody drought-deciduous shrubs with shallow root systems and open canopies and contain associated herbaceous species. The community typically occupies xeric sites with shallow soils. Characteristic species include California sagebrush (Artemisia californica ), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), black sage ( Salvia mellifera), and white sage ( Salvia apiana). The western slope of the Project site contains approximately 0.6 acres of disturbed Diegan coastal sage scrub, dominated by coyote brush (Baccharis pilularis) and ladies’ tobacco (Pseudognaphalium californicum).
4.1.3 Urban/Developed
The urban/developed land cover refers to areas that have been constructed on or otherwise physically altered to the point where vegetation is no longer present. Urban or developed areas are characterized by permanent or semi- permanent structures, hardscapes, and landscaped areas that require irrigation.
Within the Project site, this mapping unit identifies the developed area in the southern portion of the site containing the CVS parking lot, Peruvian peppertree ( Schinus mole), Brazilian peppertree ( Schinus terebinthifolious), and a couple small palm trees. There is 0.9 acres of urban/developed land onsite. As described above, this land cover is not sensitive and does not require habitat compensation.
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4.2 Plant and Wildlife Species Observed
The majority of vegetation within the Project site consists of non -native, introduced plant species . Twenty-one species of plants 7 native [33%] and 14 non-native [67%]) were recorded on the site during the 2021 survey (see Appendix A, Plant Species Compendium).
Wildlife was recorded onsite during the initial reconnaissance-level survey in 2021. Common species observed on the Project site included California ground sq uirrel ( Spermophilus (Otospermophilus ) beecheyi), brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani), Cassin’s kingbird (Tyrannus vociferans), and American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos). A full list of wildlife species observed during the survey is included in Appendix B, Wildlife Species Compendium.
4.3 Special-Status/Regulated Resources
Special-status species occurrences are shown in Figure 5A, Special-Status Species Occurrences – Wildlife; Figure 5B, Special -Status Species Occurrences – Plants; and Figure 5C, Special -Status Species Occurrences – Communities, and are discussed further below.
4.3.1 Sensitive Vegetation Communities
Sensitive natural communities are vegetation communities that (1) support concentrations of special-status plant or wildlife species, (2) are of particular value to wildlife, and/or (3) are of limited distribution statewide or within a county or region. The Multiple Habitat Conservation Program organizes vegetation into habitat group types: Wetland Communities, Rare Upland, Coastal Sage Scrub, Chaparral, Annual Grassland, and Other (Table 2) (SANDAG 2003).
Vegetation communities listed under each of those groups, except for “other lands”, are considered sensitive and impacts to these communities would require mitigation. The City typically requires habitat compensation for impacts to non-native grassland at a 0.5:1 ratio and for impacts to Diegan coastal sage scrub at a 1:1 ratio.
No habitat compensation is required for impacts to urban/developed.
4.3.2 Special-Status Plant Species
Results of the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB), California Native Plant Society, and IPaC database searches identified 65 special-status plant species as occurring or potentially occurring within the USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle map and the nine quadrangle maps surrounding the Project site—Valley Center, Morro Hill, Bonsall, Pala, Encinitas, Escondido, Rancho Santa Fe, San Luis Rey , and San Marcos (CDFW 2022 b; CNPS 2022)—and within the vicinity (USFWS 2022 a) (Appendix C, Special -Status Plant Species Potential to Occur). All 65 were eliminated from further consideration due to a lack of suitable habitat or edaphic conditions , extent of habitat degradation within the Project site (e.g., regular mowing, previous disturbance), or the location of the Project site outside a species’ known range. No special -status plant species were observed during the initial site reconnaissance survey (Figure 5B). Everett and Associates Environmental consulting did not observe any special - status plant species onsite during the focused survey for thread-leaved brodiaea or Orcutt’s brodiaea, and reported that appropriate soils for these species were not onsite (EAEC 2017). Therefore, the Project site has no value as habitat for endangered, rare, or threatened plant species.
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4.3.3 Special-Status Wildlife Species
Results of the CNDDB and IPaC database searches identified 52 special -status wildlife species as occurring or potentially occurring within the USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle map and the nine quadrangle maps surrounding the Project site—Valley Center, Morro Hill, Bonsall, Pala, Encinitas, Escondido, Rancho Santa Fe, San Luis Rey, and San Marcos USGS quadrangle maps (CDFW 2022b)—and within the vicinity (USFWS 2022a). Of these, 51 species were eliminated from consideration due to the absence of suitable habitat within the Project site (Figure 5A) or the Project site’s location outside of their known range ( Appendix D, Special-Status Wildlife Species Potential to Occur). The remaining species, burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia), was determined to have a moderate potential to occur on the Project site and is discussed in more detail below.
4.3.3.1 Burrowing Owl
Burrowing owl is a California Species of Special Concern. It requires habitat with three basic attributes: open, well- drained terrain; short, sparse vegetation; and underground burrows or burrow surrogates, such as culverts, concrete debris piles, or riprap (Klute et al. 2003). This species occupies grasslands, deserts, sagebrush scrub, agricultural areas (including pastures and untilled margins of cropland), earthen levees and berms, coastal uplands, and urban vacant lots, as well as the margins of airports, golf courses, and roads. This species also prefers sandy soils with higher bulk density and less silt, clay, and gravel (Lenihan 2007).
Although habitat within the Project site is moderately suitable to support burrowing owl foraging and breeding, this species not known to breed and forage within proximity of the Project site. Suitable habitat for this species exists within the non-native grassland and disturbed Diegan coastal sage scrub vegetation communities located within the Project site. California ground squirrel burrows, which can be used by burrowing owls for breeding and shelter, were observed within the Project site during the reconnaissance survey, but no burrowing owls or sign of burrowing owl presence (i.e., whitewash, pellets, feathers) were observed within the Project site during the reconnaissance survey or previous surveys. The nearest CNDDB documented occurrence for this species is a historical occurrence approximately 6.86 miles southeast of the Project site (Occ. No. 567) (CDFW 2022b). In addition, the project site is surrounded by development and has been disturbed multiple times throughout the years. Therefore, although currently there is suitable habitat available for this species, it is not expected to occur.
4.3.4 Nesting Birds
In California, all native birds and active bird nests (with eggs or young) are protected by Sections 3503 and 3503.5 of the California Fish and Game Code. The trees and shrubs within and adjacent to the Project site provide suitable nesting habitat for several native resident and migratory bird species.
4.3.5 Jurisdictional Waters
As described in Chapter 2, Regulatory Context, in 2008, Blue Consulting Group conducted a delineation at the site and observed mulefat (Baccharis salicifolia) and deer weed (Acmispon glaber) growing in the southwest portion of the site. Wetland sampling points were taken beside the mulefat, and it was concluded that no jurisdictional wetlands were located on the Project site (BCG 2008). Dudek biologists analyzed the Project site in 2021 and confirmed that no jurisdictional aquatic resources occur onsite (see Appendix E, Representative Site Photographs).
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4.4 Wildlife Corridors and Habitat Linkages
Wildlife corridors are linear features that connect large patches of natural open space and provide avenues for the migration of animals. Wildlife corridors contribute to population viability by ensuring continual exchange of genes between populations, providing access to adjacent habitat areas for foraging and mating, and providing routes for recolonization of habitat after local extirpation or ecological catastrophes (e.g., fires).
Habitat linkages are small patches that join larger blocks of habitat and help reduce the adverse effects of habitat fragmentation. Habitat linkages provide a potential route for gene flow and long -term dispersal of plants and animals. They may also serve as primary habitat for smaller animals, such as reptiles and amphibians. H abitat linkages may be continuous habitat or discrete habitat islands that function as stepping stones for dispersal.
To function effectively, a wildlife corridor must link two or more patches of habitat for which connectivity is desired, and it must be su itable for the focal target species to achieve the desired demographic and genetic exchange between populations. Habitat areas are identified as open space by the City as areas of natural habitats located in patches spread throughout San Marcos. The larges t patches of open space occur in the northern and southern portions of San Marcos (City of San Marcos 2012).
The approximately 7.6-acre Project site is not expected to provide for wildlife movement or serve as an important habitat linkage because it is surrounded by residential neighborhoods and commercial and industrial development.
Because of regular human activity and considerable vehicle traffic in and surrounding the site, predominantly urban- adapted wildlife species are expected to occur in this area , such as raccoons ( Procyon lotor), Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), and brush rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.).
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5 Project Impacts and
Significance Determination
5.1 Definition of Impacts
This chapter defines the types of impacts considered in this report to analyze the potential effects of the Project on biological resources. The entire site w ould be developed as part of the proposed Project. These impacts are discussed in more detail below.
Direct impacts were quantified by overlaying the anticipated limits of grading on to the biological resources and quantifying impacts. For this Project, “direct permanent impacts” w ould occur to the entire parcel , so the Project site is considered 100% impacted.
Indirect impacts are reasonably foreseeable effects caused by Project implementation on remaining or adjacent biological resources outside the parcel. Because the entire Project site would be permanently impacted and the surrounding areas consist of developed land, no indirect impacts are anticipated and are not discussed further.
5.2 Explanation of Findings of Significance
This report analyzes impacts to sensitive vegetation communities, special -status wildlife species, and wildlife corridors and habitat connecti vity to determine whether such impacts are significant. CEQA Guidelines Section 15064(b) states that an ironclad definition of “significant” effect is not possible because the significance of an activity may vary with the setting. However, CEQA Guidelines Section 15065(a) lists impacts that are helpful in defining whether a project may have a significant effect on the environment. Mandatory findings of significance, which require preparation of an environmental impact report, occur when there is substantial evidence that a project could (1) substantially degrade the quality of the environment, (2) substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, (3) cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self -sustaining levels, (4) threaten to elimi nate a plant or animal community, or (5) reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal.
The following are the significance thresholds for biological resources provided in the CEQA Appendix G environmental checklist, which states that a project could potentially have a significant effect if it would (14 CCR 15000 et seq.):
a. Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? b. Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service?
c. Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means?
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d. Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites? e. Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance?
f. Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Con servation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan?
5.3 Special-Status Vegetation Communities
The majority of the non-native grassland would be directly impacted, resulting in the loss of 5.95 acres of non-native grassland (Figure 6, Impacts to Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Type s). Impacts to non-native grassland are typically be considered significant, requiring mitigation for impacts . However, the portions of the project site which contain non-native grassland have been subject to repeated disturbance as discussed in Section 1.3. The current conditions are the result of erosion control hydroseed installation following the removal of the temporary parking lot. The non-native grassland is regularly maintained by the current owner, thus reducing the ability for the it to function as habitat for wildlife species. Therefore, any impacts to this vegetation community resulting from the proposed project would be less than significant, and no mitigation would be required. The proposed project does not propose impacts to the Diegan coastal sage scrub. No habitat compensation is required for impacts to urban/developed.
Potential direct impacts could occur if construction work inadvertently extends beyond the authorized work limits where impacts to sensitive natural communities are not anticipated. The proposed project would be required to install temporary fencing to ensure that impacts stay within the project limits (MM-BIO-1). Therefore, potential direct impacts to sensitive vegetation communities would be less than significant.
5.4 Special-Status Plant Species
The Project site has no value as habitat for endangered, rare , or threatened plant species. No special -status plants have moderate or high potential to occur on the Project site due to lack of suitable vegetation, soil , or microhabitats, or the Project site is outside of known species ranges (Appendix C); therefore, there would be no impacts to special-status plants.
5.5 Special-Status Wildlife Species
The Project site has no value as habitat for endangered, rare, or threatened wildlife species. No special -status wildlife species have moderate or high potential to occur on the Project site due to current site conditions (i.e., repeated disturbance and surrounding development ; therefore, there would be no impacts to special -status wildlife species.
5.6 Jurisdictional Waters
There are no jurisdictional waters or wetlands onsite; therefore, there would be no impacts to these features.
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5.7 Wildlife Corridors and Habitat Linkages
There are no wildlife corridors or habitat linkages onsite; therefore, there would be no impacts to these resources.
5.8 Migratory Birds
Raptors and/or any migratory birds are protected under the MBTA (16 USC 703 et seq.) and California Fish and Game Code ( Sections 3503 and 3503.5). The MBTA provides protection for birds by prohibiting the destruction of active nests for most native birds. The MBTA protects more than 800 species of birds, including species such as house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus ), mourning dove (Zenaida macroura ), and California towhee (Melozone crissalis ), which could nest in the grassland , Diegan coastal sage scrub , or urban/developed areas within the Project site . Nesting bird surveys be completed if clearing and grubbing occur during the nesting season (typically February 15 through August 31) (MM-BIO-2). Local governments have the land use authority to protect bird nests during clearing a nd grubbing activities ; therefore , nesting bird surveys are a common and typical mitigation measure for any property in the state and western region due to the wide range of the Pacific Flyway. The incorporation of this mitigation measure , described below, would reduce this impact to less than significant .
5.9 Regional Conservation Planning Context
The Project is not located within a designated Biological Core Linkage Area or Focused Planning Area, and therefore, it is consistent with the conservation policies of the Draft San Marcos Subarea Plan. In addition, the Project would be required to conform to the goals and policies in the City of San Marcos General Plan (City of San Marcos 2012) related to the protection of biological resources. Following implem entation of proposed mitigation measures, the Project is expected to be found to be in conformance with the Draft San Marcos Subarea Plan and the General Plan.
Therefore, no impacts related to regional resource planning are anticipated.
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6 Mitigation Measures
Mitigate for Impacts to Vegetation Communities
The loss of 5.95 acres of non-native grassland would be less than significant impact and therefore no mitigation is required for the loss of this vegetation community. However, there is a potential for the project to result in unintentional impacts to vegetation located outside of the project limits. Implementation of Mitigation Measure (MM) BIO-1 would reduce this impact to less than significant.
MM-BIO-1 Temporary Construction Fencing. The Project applicant shall temporarily fence the limits of Project impacts and install appropriate sediment-trapping devices to prevent additional impacts to, and the spread of silt from, the construction zone into adjacent habitats to be avoided. Fencing and sediment trapping devices shall be installed in a manner that does not impact habitats to be avoided.
If work occurs beyond the fenced limits of impacts, all work shall cease until the problem has been remedied to the satisfaction of the City of San Marcos. Any habitat impacts that occur beyond the authorized work area shall be offset at ratios approved by the City of San Marcos. Temporary construction fencing and sediment trapping devices shall be removed upon Project completion.
Avoid and Minimize Impacts to Nesting Birds
The potential loss of migratory birds and/or active nests would be a potentially significant impact on migratory birds protected under the MBTA (16 USC 703 et seq.) and California Fish and Game Code Sections 3503 and 3503.5.
However, implementation of MM-BIO-2 would reduce this impact to less than significant.
MM-BIO-2 Pre-Construction Nesting Bird Surveys. To avoid any direct impacts to raptors and/or any migratory birds protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 USC 703 et seq.) and California Fish and Game Code (Sections 3503 and 3503.5), removal of habitat shall occur outside of the nesting season for these species (i.e., outside of February 15 through August 31, annually). If, however, removal of habitat must occur during the nesting period, the proposed Project applicant or its designee shall retain a biologist to conduct a pre-construction survey to determine the presence or absence of nesting birds in the proposed area of disturbance. The pre-construction survey must be conducted within 72 hours prior to the start of construction, and shall be repeated if construction activities discontinue for more than 3 consecutive days.
Impacts to active nests are typically avoided as follows. Clearing and construction shall be postponed or halted within the following buffers to be established by the biologist: (1) no work within 50 feet of a non- listed and non-raptor avifauna nest; and (2) no work within 500 feet of a raptor nest. Raptor nests are not anticipated within the immediate Project site due to lack of suitable nesting habitat; however, trees within 500 feet of the Project boundary could support raptor nesting. The construction avoidance area shall be clearly demarcated in the field with highly visible construction fencing or flagging, and construction personnel shall be instructed on the sensitivity of nest areas. To the extent possible, the no-construction buffer zones shall be avoided until the nesting cycle is complete. However, it may be reasonable for the City of San Marcos to reduce these buffer widths depending onsite conditions. If construction-related activities must take place within an active nest buffer area, the proposed Project applicant or its designee shall present a plan the City of San Marcos with measures to monitor and minimize impacts to nesting birds. No ground-disturbance activities shall occur within the avoidance buffer zone until the qualified biologist has determined that the nest is no longer active and the young are not dependent on the nest.
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7 References
BCG (Blue Consulting Group). 2008. Potential biological constraints to development for the property located at the corner of Las Posas and Mission, City of San Marcos. September 22, 2008.
CDFW (California Department of Fish and Wildlife). 2012. Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation. Sacramento, California: CDFW. March 7, 2012.
CDFW. 2021. Protocols for Surveying and Evaluating Impacts to Special Status Native Plant Populations and Sensitive Natural Communities. California Natural Resources Agency Department of Fish and Wildlife.
March 20, 2018, revised February 3, 2021.
CDFW. 2022a. “Species of Special Concern.” https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/SSC.
CDFW. 2022b. RareFind, Version 5.2.14 (Commercial Subscription). California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB). Sacramento, California: CDFW, Biogeographic Data Branch. Accessed May 2022. https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CNDDB/Maps-and-Data.
CDFW. 2022c. Sensitive Natural Communities. Accessed May 2022. https://wildlife.ca.gov/Data/VegCAMP/ Natural-Communities#sensitive%20natural%20communities.
City of San Marcos. 2012. City of San Marcos General Plan. Accessed May 2022. https://www.san-marcos.net/ home/showpublisheddocument/8480/636570701878000000.
CNPS (California Native Plant Society). 2022. “Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants” (online ed., v8-03 0.39).
Sacramento, California: California Native Plant Society. Accessed May 2022. www.rareplants.cnps.org.
Dudek. 2021. Biological Site Assessment for the Meritage Homes Project in San Marcos, California. June 17, 2021.
EAEC (Everett and Associates Environmental Consulting). 2017. Directed Surveys for Thread-leaved and Orcutt’s Brodiaea, Mission Pointe. May 17, 2017.
Historic Aerials. 2021. Historic Aerials by NETROnline. Accessed June 2021. https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer.
Holland, R.F. 1986. Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California. Nongame- Heritage Program, California Department of Fish and Game. October 1986.
Klute, D.S., L.W. Ayers, M.T. Green, W.H. Howe, S.L. Jones, J.A. Shaffer, S.R. Sheffield, and T.S. Zimmerman. 2003.
Status Assessment and Conservation Plan for the Western Burrowing Owl in the United States.
Washington,D.C.: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Lenihan, C.M. 2007. The Ecological Role of the California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi). Ph.D.
Dissertation; University of California, Davis, California.
Oberbauer, T., M. Kelly, and J. Buegge. 2008. Draft Vegetation Communities of San Diego County. March 2008.
Accessed March 2016. http://www.sdcanyonlands.org/pdfs/veg_comm_sdcounty_2008_doc.pdf.
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Sawyer J.O., T. Keeler -Wolf., and J.M. Evens. 2009. A Manual of California Vegetation . 2nd ed. California Native Plant Society.
SDNHM (San Diego Natural History Museum). 2022. “San Diego County Plant Atlas.” Accessed June 2022. https://sdplantatlas.org/.
Tremor, S., D. Stokes, W. Spencer, J. Diffendorfer, H. Thomas, S. Chivers, and P. Unitt, eds. 2017. San Diego County Mammal Atlas. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History, No. 46. August 1, 2017. San Diego: San Diego Natural History Museum.
Unitt, P. 2004. San Diego County Bird Atlas. Online (Google Earth) version. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History, no. 39. San Diego, California: San Diego Natural History Museum. http://www.sdnhm.org/ science/birds-and-mammals/projects/san-diego-county-bird-atlas/.
USACE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. Environmental Laboratory, Wetlands Research Program Technical Report Y-87-1. Vicksburg, Mississippi: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. January 1987.
USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture). 2022. Web Soil Survey [web application]. Accessed May 2022. https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/HomePage.htm.
USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). 2021. Birds of Conservation Concern 2021. United States Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Birds, Falls Church, Virginia. http://www.fws.gov/ birds/management/ managed-species/birds-of-conservation-concern.ph.
USFWS. 2022a. Information for Planning and Consultation (IPaC). Accessed May 2022. https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/.
USFWS. 2022b. National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). Accessed May 2022. https://www.fws.gov/program/national- wetlands-inventory/wetlands-mapper.
USGS (U.S. Geological Survey). 2022. National Hydrology Dataset. https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/ ngp/national-hydrography/national-hydrography-dataset?qt-science_support_page_related_con=0#qt- science_support_page_related_con.
WRCC (Western Regional Climate Center). 2022. “Escondido, California (042863). Monthly Climate Summary.” Accessed May 2022. https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca2863.
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Biological Resources Technical Report for Gran Vista
SOURCE: USGS 7.5-Minute Series San Marcos Quadrangle
T ownship 12S; Range 3W; Section 10
0 2,0001,000
Feet
Project Boundary
FIGURE 1
Solana
Beach
Encinitas
San Diego
Carlsbad
Oceanside
La Mesa
Santee
Poway
San Marcos
EscondidoVista
Imperial
Beach
National City
Del Mar
Coronado
Riverside
County
San Diego
County
905
52 94
54 125
19573
98 56
78 111
74 86
67 76 79
805
8 155
215
Project Site
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W MISSION RD
BALBOA ST
GRANITE RD
PALMAC ST
N PACIFIC ST
PALOMARCOS AVE
PALM RD
N LAS POSAS RD
NNG
DEV
dCSSB
Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Biological Resources Technical Report for Gran Vista
SOURCE: SanGIS 2019
0 16080
Feet
Project Boundary
Vegetation Communities and Land Cover
Types
DEV, Urban/Developed (0.87 acres)
NNG, Non-Native Grassland (6.14 acres)
dCSSB, disturbed Diegan Coastal Sage Scrub:
Baccharis-dominated (0.58 acres)
FIGURE 2
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W MISSION RD
BALBOA ST
GRANITE RD
PALMAC ST
N PACIFIC ST
PALOMARCOS AVE
PALM RD
N LAS POSAS RD
HrC
PeC
Soils
Biological Resources Technical Report for Gran Vista
SOURCE: SanGIS 2019; USDA 2020
0 16080
Feet
Project Boundary
Soils
HrC - Huerhuero loam, 2 to 9 percent slopes
PeC - Placentia sandy loam, 2 to 9 percent
slopes
FIGURE 3
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Creek
Subwatershed
San Marcos
Creek
Subwatershed
78 San Marcos Creek-Frontal Gulf of Santa Catalina Watershed Hydrologic Setting
Biological Resources Technical Report for Gran Vista
SOURCE: SanGIS 2019; NWI 2022; NHD 2022
0 2,0001,000
Feet
Project Boundary
Subasin (HUC 8)
Watershed (HUC 10)
Subwatershed (HUC 12)
Flowlines (NHD)
Stream/River
Artificial Path
Canal/Ditch
Connector
Pipeline
NWI Wetland
Freshwater Emergent Wetland
Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland
Freshwater Pond
Riverine
FIGURE 4
San Marcos
Creek-Frontal
Gulf of Santa
Catalina Watershed
Aliso-San
Onofre
Subasin
Santa Margarita
Subasin
San Diego
Subasin
San Felipe
Creek Subasin
Cottonwood-Tijuana
Subasin
Carrizo
Creek
Subasin
San Luis
Rey-Escondido
Subasin
Project Site
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22 8
112
6 12 25
21 1
19 15
3 24
24 20
14 8
17 14
20 15 20
8 88
24 4
15 8
8 20
2 15
8 6
8 6
17 15
8 8
13 13
20 8
23 8
18 18 18
2015
20 8 988
24 24
20 16
8 9
5 6
10 6
209
24 23
24 24
20 24
15 13
11 11
11 2
8 7
6 8
9 96
20 15
8 15
Special-Status Species Occurrences - Wildlife
Biological Resources Technical Report for Gran Vista
SOURCE: SanGIS 2019; CNDDB 2021
0 8,7004,350
Feet
Project Boundary
5-Mile Buffer
CNDDB Wildlife Occurrences
1, American badger, Ta x i d e a
2, Bell’s sage sparrow,Artemisiospiza belli belli
3, California black rail, Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus 4, California glossy snake, Arizona elegans occidentalis 5, California horned lark, Eremophila alpestris actia
6, coast horned lizard, Phrynosoma blainvillii
7, coast patch-nosed snake, Salvadora hexalepis virgultea 8, coastal California gnatcatcher, Polioptila californica californica
9, coastal whiptail, Aspidoscelis tigris stejnegeri
10, Coronado skink, Plestiodon skiltonianus interparietalis 11, Crotch bumble bee, Bombus crotchii
12, hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus
13, least Bell’s vireo,Vireo bellii pusillus
14, northwestern San Diego pocket mouse, Chaetodipus
fallax fallax
15, orange-throated whiptail, Aspidoscelis hyperythra
16, San Diego black-tailed jackrabbit, Lepus californicus bennettii
17, San Diego desert woodrat, Neotoma lepida intermedia 18, San Diego fairy shrimp, Branchinecta sandiegonensis 19, Southern California legless lizard, Anniella stebbinsi 20, southern California rufous-crowned sparrow, Aimophila ruficeps canescens
21, Townsend’s big-eared bat,Corynorhinus townsendii
22, tricolored blackbird, Agelaius tricolor
23, two-striped gartersnake, Thamnophis hammondii
24, western spadefoot, Spea hammondii
25, western yellow bat, Lasiurus xanthinus
FIGURE 5A
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52 5252
52 52
52 52
50 52
32 42
48 32
49 38
52 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 29 29
29 29
29 29 29
29 29
29 29
46 43
27 27
27 27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
27 27
2727
27 27
27 27
52 52
50 50
50 50
50 52 52
3835
2727
2727
27 27
34 34
34 34 45
34 50
50 51
51 51
51 5151
51 31
38 34
52 51
51 51
35 45
29 27
43 35
35 35 35
35 50
51 27
51 51
51 51
30 43 43
43 51
42 42
45 49
49 49 50 50
28 44
27 27
29 50
27 27
43 50
50 50
4127
42 42
51 51
27 50
50 38
34 50
33 41
50 27
35 52
51 45 47
52 41
37 47
35 38
35 50 50
44 44
44 50
48 38
50 38
45 50
35 51
50 35 35 35
29 51
50 36
Special-Status Species Occurrences - Plants
Biological Resources Technical Report for Gran Vista
SOURCE: SanGIS 2019; CNDDB 2021
0 8,5004,250
Feet
Project Boundary
5-Mile Buffer
CNDDB Plant Occurrences
26, Blochman’s dudleya,Dudleya blochmaniae ssp.
blochmaniae
27, California adolphia, Adolphia californica
28, decumbent goldenbush, Isocoma menziesii var.
decumbens
29, Del Mar manzanita, Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp.
crassifolia
30, Del Mar Mesa sand aster, Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. linifolia
31, Encinitas baccharis, Baccharis vanessae
32, felt-leaved monardella, Monardella hypoleuca ssp. lanata 33, Lakeside ceanothus, Ceanothus cyaneus
34, Nuttall’s scrub oak,Quercus dumosa
35, Orcutt’s brodiaea,Brodiaea orcuttii
36, Orcutt’s hazardia,Hazardia orcuttii
37, Palmer’s grapplinghook,Harpagonella palmeri
38, Parry’s tetracoccus,T etracoccus
39, prairie false oat, Sphenopholis interrupta ssp. californica 40, Rainbow manzanita, Arctostaphylos rainbowensis
41, Ramona horkelia, Horkelia truncata
42, San Diego button-celery, Eryngium aristulatum var.
parishii
43, San Diego goldenstar, Bloomeria clevelandii
44, San Diego marsh-elder, Iva hayesiana
45, San Diego thorn-mint, Acanthomintha ilicifolia
46, sea dahlia, Leptosyne maritima
47, southern tarplant, Centromadia parryi ssp. australis 48, spreading navarretia, Navarretia fossalis
49, sticky dudleya, Dudleya viscida
50, summer holly, Comarostaphylis diversifolia ssp.
diversifolia
51, thread-leaved brodiaea, Brodiaea filifolia
52, wart-stemmed ceanothus, Ceanothus verrucosus
53, Wiggins’ cryptantha,Cryptantha wigginsii
FIGURE 5B
GRAN VISTA / BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT
13528 32 SEPTEMBER 2022
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15 56
56 59
5560
57 55
58 54
57 58
58 56
Special-Status Species Occurrences - Communities
Biological Resources Technical Report for Gran Vista
SOURCE: SanGIS 2019; CNDDB 2021
0 8,7004,350
Feet
Project Boundary
5-Mile Buffer
CNDDB Community Occurrences
54, San Diego Mesa Claypan Vernal Pool
55, Southern Cottonwood Willow Riparian Forest
56, Southern Maritime Chaparral
57, Southern Riparian Forest
58, Southern Riparian Scrub
59, Southern Sycamore Alder Riparian Woodland
60, Southern Willow Scrub
FIGURE 5C
GRAN VISTA / BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT
13528 34 SEPTEMBER 2022
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W MISSION RD
PALMAC ST
BALBOA ST
PRIVATE RD
GRANITE RD
N PACIFIC ST
PALOMARCOS AVE
PALM RD
N LAS POSAS RD
NNG
DEV
dCSSB
Imapcts to Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Biological Resources Technical Report for Gran Vista
SOURCE: SanGIS 2019
0 18090
Feet
Project Boundary
Vegetation Communities and Land Cover
Types
DEV, Urban/Developed (0.87 acres)
NNG, Non-Native Grassland (6.14 acres)
dCSSB, disturbed Diegan Coastal Sage Scrub:
Baccharis-dominated (0.58 acres)
Impacts
Permanent
FIGURE 6
GRAN VISTA / BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT
13528 36 SEPTEMBER 2022
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Appendix A
Plant Species Compendium
APPENDIX A / PLANT SPECIES COMPENDIUM
13528 A-1 JULY 2022
Vascular Species
Eudicots
ANACARDIACEAE – SUMAC OR CASHEW FAMILY
Schinus molle – Peruvian peppertree
Schinus terebinthifolius – Brazilian peppertree
ASTERACEAE – SUNFLOWER FAMILY
Baccharis pilularis – coyote brush
Isocoma menziesii – Menzies’s golden bush
Pseudognaphalium californicum – ladies’ tobacco
BRASSICACEAE – MUSTARD FAMILY
Hirschfeldia incana – shortpod mustard
CHENOPODIACEAE – GOOSEFOOT FAMILY
Salsola tragus – prickly Russian thistle
GERANIACEAE – GERANIUM FAMILY
Erodium cicutarium – redstem stork’s bill
signifies introduced (non-native) species
APPENDIX A / PLANT SPECIES COMPENDIUM
13528 A-2 JULY 2022
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Appendix B
Wildlife Species Compendium
APPENDIX B / WILDLIFE SPECIES COMPENDIUM
13528 B-1 JULY 2022
Birds
Flycatchers
TYRANNIDAE – TYRANT FLYCATCHERS
Tyrannus vociferans – Cassin’s kingbird
Jays, Magpies and Crows
CORVIDAE – CROWS AND JAYS
Corvus brachyrhynchos – American crow
Mammals
Hares and Rabbits
LEPORIDAE – HARES AND RABBITS
Sylvilagus bachmani – brush rabbit
Squirrels
SCIURIDAE – SQUIRRELS
Otospermophilus beecheyi – California ground squirrel
APPENDIX B / WILDLIFE SPECIES COMPENDIUM
13528 B-2 JULY 2022
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Appendix C
Special-Status Plant Species Potential to Occur
APPENDIX C / SPECIAL-STATUS PLANT SPECIES POTENTIAL TO OCCUR
13528 C-1 JULY 2022
Scientific Name Common Name
Status
(Federal/State/CRPR)
Primary Habitat Associations/
Life Form/ Blooming Period/
Elevation Range (feet)
Blooming
during survey?
Elevation
appropriate?
Habitats
Appropriate? Potential to Occur
Abronia villosa
var. aurita
chaparral sand-
verbena
None/None/1B.1 Chaparral, Coastal scrub, Desert
dunes; Sandy/annual herb/
(Jan)Mar–Sep/245–5,245
Y Y N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable chaparral, coastal scrub and dunes as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Acanthomintha
ilicifolia
San Diego thorn-
mint
FT/SE/1B.1 Chaparral, Coastal scrub, Valley
and foothill grassland, Vernal
pools; Clay, Openings/annual
herb/Apr–June/35–3,145
Y Y N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable chaparral, coastal scrub and valley and foothill grassland as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Acmispon
prostratus
Nuttall’s acmispon None/None/1B.1 Coastal dunes, Coastal scrub/annual herb/
Mar–June(July)/0–35
Y N N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable coastal dunes and coastal scrub as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Adolphia
californica
California
adolphia
None/None/2B.1 Chaparral, Coastal scrub, Valley
and foothill grassland;
Clay/perennial deciduous shrub/
Dec–May/35–2,425
N Y N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable chaparral, coastal scrub and valley and foothill grassland as required for this species, and the Project site is located outside of the species’ known elevation range. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Agave shawii var.
shawii
Shaw’s agave None/None/2B.1 Coastal bluff scrub, Coastal scrub/perennial leaf/
Sep–May/10–395
N N N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable coastal bluff scrub and coastal scrub as required for this species, and the Project site is located outside of the species’ known elevation range. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Allium marvinii Yucaipa onion None/None/1B.2 Chaparral/perennial bulbiferous herb/Apr–May/2,490–3,490
N N N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable chaparral as required for this species, and The Project site is located outside of the species‘ known elevation range.
Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Ambrosia pumila San Diego
ambrosia
FE/None/1B.1 Chaparral, Coastal scrub, Valley
and foothill grassland, Vernal
pools; Alkaline (sometimes), Clay
(sometimes), Disturbed areas
(often), Sandy (sometimes)/
perennial rhizomatous herb/
Apr–Oct/65–1,360
Y Y N Low potential to occur. The Project site lacks suitable chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland and vernal pools as required for this species. The species is known to occur in areas of disturbace, however, the species was not observed during the survey. There are no documented occurences of this species within 5 miles of the Project site (CDFW 2022a).
Aphanisma
blitoides
aphanisma None/None/1B.2 Coastal bluff scrub, Coastal dunes, Coastal scrub; Gravelly
(sometimes), Sandy (sometimes)/
annual herb/Feb–June/5–1,000
Y Y N Not expected to occur . The Project site lacks suitable coastal bluff scrub, coastal dunes and coastal scrub as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site .
Arctostaphylos
glandulosa ssp.
crassifolia
Del Mar
manzanita
FE/None/1B.1 Chaparral/perennial evergreen
shrub/June–Apr/0–1,195
Y Y N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable chaparral as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Arctostaphylos
rainbowensis
Rainbow
manzanita
None/None/1B.1 Chaparral/perennial evergreen
shrub/Dec–Mar/675–2,195
N N N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable chaparral as required for this species, and the Project site is located outside of the species ‘ known elevation range.
Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Atriplex coulteri Coulter’s saltbush None/None/1B.2 Coastal bluff scrub, Coastal dunes, Coastal scrub, Valley and foothill
grassland; Alkaline (sometimes),
Clay (sometimes)/perennial herb/
Mar–Oct/10–1,505
Y Y N Not expected to occur . The Project site lacks suitable chaparral, scrub and valley and foothill grasslands as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
APPENDIX C / SPECIAL-STATUS PLANT SPECIES POTENTIAL TO OCCUR
13528 C-2 JULY 2022
Scientific Name Common Name
Status
(Federal/State/CRPR)
Primary Habitat Associations/
Life Form/ Blooming Period/
Elevation Range (feet)
Blooming
during survey?
Elevation
appropriate?
Habitats
Appropriate? Potential to Occur
Atriplex pacifica south coast
saltscale
None/None/1B.2 Coastal bluff scrub, Coastal dunes,
Coastal scrub, Playas/annual
herb/Mar–Oct/0–460
Y N N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable coastal dunes and scrub habitat as required for this species, and the Project site is located outside of the species ‘ known elevation range. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Baccharis
vanessae
Encinitas
baccharis
FT/SE/1B.1 Chaparral, Cismontane woodland;
Sandstone/perennial deciduous
shrub/Aug–Nov/195–2,360
N Y N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable chaparral and cismontane woodland habitat as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Bloomeria
clevelandii
San Diego
goldenstar
None/None/1B.1 Chaparral, Coastal scrub, Valley
and foothill grassland, Vernal
pools; Clay/perennial bulbiferous
herb/Apr–May/165–1,525
N Y N Not expected to occur . The Project site lacks suitable chaparral, scrub, and valley and foothill grassland habitat as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site .
Brodiaea filifolia thread-leaved
brodiaea
FT/SE/1B.1 Chaparral, Cismontane woodland,
Coastal scrub, Playas, Valley and
foothill grassland, Vernal pools;
Clay (often)/perennial bulbiferous
herb/Mar–June/80–3,670
Y Y N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal scrub and valley and foothill grassland habitat as required for this species.
Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Brodiaea orcuttii Orcutt ‘s brodiaea None/None/1B.1 Chaparral, Cismontane woodland, Closed-cone coniferous forest,
Meadows and seeps, Valley and
foothill grassland, Vernal pools;
Clay, Mesic/perennial bulbiferous
herb/May–July/100–5,550
Y Y N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable chaparral, cismontane woodland, coniferous forest, meadows and valley and foothill grassland habitat as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Ceanothus
cyaneus
Lakeside
ceanothus
None/None/1B.2 Chaparral, Closed-cone coniferous
forest/perennial evergreen shrub/
Apr–June/770–2,475
Y N N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable chaparral and coniferous forest habitat as required for this species, and the Project site is located outside of the species’ known elevation range. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Ceanothus
verrucosus
wart-stemmed
ceanothus
None/None/2B.2 Chaparral/perennial evergreen
shrub/Dec–May/5–1,245
N Y N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable chaparral as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Centromadia
parryi ssp.
australis
southern tarplant None/None/1B.1 Marshes and swamps, Valley and foothill grassland, Vernal
pools/annual herb/
May–Nov/0–1,570
Y Y N Not expected to occur . The Project site lacks suitable marshes, swamps and valley and foothill grasses as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Centromadia
pungens ssp.
laevis
smooth tarplant None/None/1B.1 Chenopod scrub, Meadows and seeps, Playas, Riparian woodland,
Valley and foothill grassland;
Alkaline/annual herb/
Apr–Sep/0–2,095
Y Y N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable scrub, meadows, riparian woodlands and valley and foothill grasslands as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Chaenactis
glabriuscula var.
orcuttiana
Orcutt ‘s
pincushion
None/None/1B.1 Coastal bluff scrub, Coastal
dunes/annual herb/
Jan–Aug/0–330
Y N N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable scrub and coastal dunes as required for this species, and the Project site is located outside of the species’ known elevation range. Additionally, the Project site has been graded and disturbed, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Appendix D
Special-Status Wildlife Species Potential to Occur
APPENDIX D / SPECIAL-STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES POTENTIAL TO OCCUR
13528 D-1 JULY 2022
Scientific Name Common Name
Status
(Federal/State) Habitat
Appropriate
habitats? Potential to Occur
Amphibians
Anaxyrus californicus arroyo toad FE/SSC Semi-arid areas near washes, sandy riverbanks, riparian areas, palm oasis, Joshua tree, mixed chaparral and sagebrush; stream channels for breeding (typically third order); adjacent stream terraces and uplands for foraging and wintering
N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable semi-arid habitat near riverbanks as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Spea hammondii western spadefoot BCC/SSC Primarily grassland and vernal pools, but also in ephemeral wetlands that persist at least 3 weeks in chaparral, coastal scrub, valley– foothill woodlands, pastures, and other agriculture
N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable vernal pools and ephemeral wetlands as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Birds
Agelaius tricolor
(nesting colony)
tricolored blackbird BCC/SSC, ST Nests near freshwater, emergent wetland with cattails or tules, but also in Himalayan blackberrry; forages in grasslands, woodland, and agriculture
N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable emergent wetland habitat with appropriate nesting substrate for this species and continuous open grassland habitat or agricultural land cover for foraging is absent. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Aquila chrysaetos
(nesting and wintering)
golden eagle None/FP, WL Nests and winters in hilly, open/semi-open areas, including shrublands, grasslands, pastures, riparian areas, mountainous canyon land, open desert rimrock terrain; nests in large trees and on cliffs in open areas and forages in open habitats
N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable open and hilly nesting habitat for this species. This species is unlikely to forage within the Project site due to the lack of continuous open grassland habitat, and the close proximity to disturbance. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Athene cunicularia
(burrow sites and some
wintering sites)
burrowing owl BCC/SSC Nests and forages in grassland, open scrub, and agriculture, particularly with ground squirrel burrows
Y Moderate potential to nest and forage. The Project site contains California ground squirrel burrows and open grassland as required for this species.
Although the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, there are small portions of suitable habitat within the site for this species. There are no CNDDB documented occurrences of the species within 5 miles of the Project site (CDFW 2022a).
Buteo swainsoni (nesting) Swainson's hawk None/ST Nests in open woodland and savanna, riparian, and in isolated large trees; forages in nearby grasslands and agricultural areas such as wheat and alfalfa fields and pasture
N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable nesting trees for this species, and associated continuous open grassland and agricultural habitat for foraging is absent. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development and located outside of the typical central valley range for this species.
Campylorhynchus
brunneicapillus
sandiegensis (San Diego
and Orange Counties only)
coastal cactus wren None/SSC Southern cactus scrub patches N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable southern cactus scrub as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Charadrius nivosus
nivosus (nesting)
western snowy plover FT, BCC/SSC On coasts nests on sandy marine and estuarine shores; in the interior nests on sandy, barren or sparsely vegetated flats near saline or alkaline lakes, reservoirs, and ponds
N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable sandy shores and barren flats as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Circus hudsonius
(nesting)
northern harrier BCC/SSC Nests in open wetlands (marshy meadows, wet lightly-grazed pastures, old fields, freshwater and brackish marshes); also in drier habitats (grassland and grain fields); forages in grassland, scrubs, rangelands, emergent wetlands, and other open habitats
Y Low potential to nest and forage. The Project site contains marginally suitable grassland for foraging, however, the proximity to surrounding development may preclude this species from occuring. The Project site lacks suitable wetlands and agricultural fields for nesting as required for this species. There are no CNDDB documented occurrences of the species within 5 miles of the Project site (CDFW 2022a).
APPENDIX D / SPECIAL-STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES POTENTIAL TO OCCUR
13528 D-2 JULY 2022
Scientific Name Common Name
Status
(Federal/State) Habitat
Appropriate
habitats? Potential to Occur
Coccyzus americanus
occidentalis (nesting)
western yellow-billed
cuckoo
FT/SE Nests in dense, wide riparian woodlands and forest with well- developed understories
N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable riparian woodlands and forest understory as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Elanus leucurus (nesting) white-tailed kite None/FP Nests in woodland, riparian, and individual trees near open lands; forages opportunistically in grassland, meadows, scrubs, agriculture, emergent wetland, savanna, and disturbed lands
Y Not expected to nest but may forage on site from time to time. The Project site lacks suitable riparian and woodland nesting habitat as required for this species. The Project site does contain marginally suitable grassland for foraging. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.There are no CNDDB documented occurrences of the species within 5 miles of the Project site (CDFW 2022a).
Empidonax traillii extimus
(nesting)
southwestern willow
flycatcher
FE/SE Nests in dense riparian habitats along streams, reservoirs, or wetlands; uses variety of riparian and shrubland habitats during migration N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable riparian habitat as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Icteria virens (nesting) yellow-breasted chat None/SSC Nests and forages in dense, relatively wide riparian woodlands and thickets of willows, vine tangles, and dense brush
N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable riparian woodlands and dense brush as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Ixobrychus exilis (nesting) least bittern None/SSC Nests in freshwater and brackish marshes with dense, tall growth of aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation
N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable marsh habitat and aquatic vegetation as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Laterallus jamaicensis
coturniculus
California black rail None/FP, ST Tidal marshes, shallow freshwater margins, wet meadows, and flooded grassy vegetation; suitable habitats are often supplied by canal leakage in Sierra Nevada foothill populations
N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable marsh and wet meadows as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Passerculus
sandwichensis beldingi
Belding's savannah
sparrow
BCC/SE Nests and forages in coastal saltmarsh dominated by pickleweed (Salicornia spp.)
N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable saltmarsh and pickleweed as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Polioptila californica
californica
coastal California
gnatcatcher
FT/SSC Nests and forages in various sage scrub communities, often dominated by California sagebrush and buckwheat; generally avoids nesting in areas with a slope of greater than 40%; majority of nesting at less than 1,000 feet above mean sea level
N Not expected to nest and forage . The Project site lacks suitable continous sage scrub as required for this species.There is a smalll section of disturbed sage scrub on the western boundary of the Project Site, however, it lacks California sagebrush (Artemisia californi ca), is disturbed, and the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reduces the likelihood that this species could occur site. The nearest modern CNDDB documented occurance is approximately 1.5 miles north of the Project site (Occ. No. 177) (CDFW 2022a).
Rallus obsoletus levipes Ridgway’s rail FE/FP, SE Coastal wetlands, brackish areas, coastal saline emergent wetlands N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable wetlands as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Riparia riparia (nesting) bank swallow None/ST Nests in riparian, lacustrine, and coastal areas with vertical banks, bluffs, and cliffs with sandy soils; open country and water during migration
N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable riparian, lacustrine and coastal areas with vertical cliffs and banks as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
APPENDIX D / SPECIAL-STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES POTENTIAL TO OCCUR
13528 D-3 JULY 2022
Scientific Name Common Name
Status
(Federal/State) Habitat
Appropriate
habitats? Potential to Occur
Setophaga petechia
(nesting)
yellow warbler None/SSC Nests and forages in riparian and oak woodlands, montane chaparral, open ponderosa pine, and mixed-conifer habitats N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable riparian and oak woodlands, montane chaparral and conifer habitats as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Sternula antillarum
browni (nesting colony)
California least tern FE/FP, SE Forages in shallow estuaries and lagoons; nests on sandy beaches or exposed tidal flats
N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable estuaries, lagoons, beaches and tidal flats as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Vireo bellii pusillus
(nesting)
least Bell's vireo FE/SE Nests and forages in low, dense riparian thickets along water or along dry parts of intermittent streams; forages in riparian and adjacent shrubland late in nesting season
N Not expected to nest or forage. The Project site lacks suitable riparian habitat as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Fishes
Eucyclogobius newberryi tidewater goby FE/None Brackish water habitats along the California coast from Agua Hedionda Lagoon, San Diego County, to the mouth of the Smith River N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable aquatic habitat as required for this species.
Gila orcuttii arroyo chub None/SSC Warm, fluctuating streams with slow-moving or backwater sections of warm to cool streams at depths >40 centimeters (16 inches); substrates of sand or mud
N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable aquatic habitat as required for this species.
Invertebrates
Branchinecta
sandiegonensis
San Diego fairy shrimp FE/None Vernal pools, non-vegetated ephemeral pools N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable vernal or ephemeral pools as required for this species.
Danaus plexippus pop. 1 monarch FC/None Wind-protected tree groves with nectar sources and nearby water sources
N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable tree groves as required for this species.
Streptocephalus woottoni Riverside fairy shrimp FE/None Vernal pools, non-vegetated ephemeral pools N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable vernal or ephemeral pools as required for this species.
Mammals
Antrozous pallidus pallid bat None/SSC Grasslands, shrublands, woodlands, forests; most common in open, dry habitats with rocky outcrops for roosting, but also roosts in man- made structures and trees
Y Not expected to roost but may forage on site from time to time. The Project site lacks suitable rocky outcrops, trees and structures for roosting as required for this species. The Project site does contain marginally suitable grassland for foraging. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site. There are no CNDDB documented occurrences of the species within 5 miles of the Project site (CDFW 2022a).
Chaetodipus californicus
femoralis
Dulzura pocket mouse None/SSC Open habitat, coastal scrub, chaparral, oak woodland, chamise chaparral, mixed-conifer habitats; disturbance specialist; 0 to 3,000 feet above mean sea level
N Not expected to occur. The Project site does contain marginal open habitat, but lacks significant coastal scrub, oak woodland and chaparral as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site. There are no CNDDB documented occurrences of the species within 5 miles of the Project site (CDFW 2022a).
Chaetodipus fallax fallax northwestern San Diego
pocket mouse
None/SSC Coastal scrub, mixed chaparral, sagebrush, desert wash, desert scrub, desert succulent shrub, pinyon–juniper, and annual grassland N Not expected to occur. The Project site does contain marginal grassland, but lacks significant coastal scrub, chaparral and sagebrush as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
The nearest CNDDB documented occurrence of the species is located 4.6 miles southwest of the Project site (Occ. No. 7) (CDFW 2022a).
APPENDIX D / SPECIAL-STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES POTENTIAL TO OCCUR
13528 D-4 JULY 2022
Scientific Name Common Name
Status
(Federal/State) Habitat
Appropriate
habitats? Potential to Occur
Choeronycteris mexicana Mexican long-tongued
bat
None/SSC Desert and montane riparian, desert succulent scrub, desert scrub, and pinyon–juniper woodland; roosts in caves, mines, and buildings N Not expected to roost or forage. The Project site lacks suitable riparian habitats, desert scrub, woodland, caves, mines and roosting structures as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Corynorhinus townsendii Townsend's big-eared
bat
None/SSC Mesic habitats characterized by coniferous and deciduous forests and riparian habitat, but also xeric areas; roosts in limestone caves and lava tubes, man-made structures, and tunnels
N Not expected to roost or forage. The Project site lacks suitable riparian habitats, forests, caves and roosting structures as required for this species.
Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Dasypterus xanthinus western yellow bat BCC/SSC Valley–foothill riparian, desert riparian, desert wash, and palm oasis habitats; below 2,000 feet above mean sea level; roosts in riparian and palms
N Not expected to roost or forage. The Project site lacks suitable riparian, desert habitats and roosting trees as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Dipodomys stephensi Stephens' kangaroo rat FE/ST Annual and perennial grassland habitats, coastal scrub or sagebrush with sparse canopy cover, or in disturbed areas
N Not expected to occur. The Project site does contain marginal grassland, but lacks significant coastal scrub and sagebrush as required for this species.
Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site. There are no CNDDB documented occurrences of the species within 5 miles of the Project site (CDFW 2022a).
Eumops perotis
californicus
western mastiff bat None/SSC Chaparral, coastal and desert scrub, coniferous and deciduous forest and woodland; roosts in crevices in rocky canyons and cliffs where the canyon or cliff is vertical or nearly vertical, trees, and tunnels N Not expected to roost or forage. The Project site lacks significant suitable scrub, forest, woodland, rocky canyons and cliffs as required for this species.
Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Leptonycteris
yerbabuenae
lesser long-nosed bat FPD/SSC Sonoran desert scrub, semi-desert grasslands, lower oak woodlands N Not expected to roost or forage. The Project site lacks suitable desert scrub, desert grasslands and oak woodlands required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Neotoma lepida
intermedia
San Diego desert
woodrat
None/SSC Coastal scrub, desert scrub, chaparral, cacti, rocky areas N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks significant coastal scrub, chaparral, cacti and rocky areas as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Nyctinomops
femorosaccus
pocketed free-tailed bat None/SSC Pinyon–juniper woodlands, desert scrub, desert succulent shrub, desert riparian, desert wash, alkali desert scrub, Joshua tree, and palm oases; roosts in high cliffs or rock outcrops with drop-offs, caverns, and buildings
N Not expected to roost or forage. The Project site lacks suitable desert scrub, woodlands, Joshua tree, riparian habitat, cliffs and rock outcrops required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Nyctinomops macrotis big free-tailed bat None/SSC Rocky areas; roosts in caves, holes in trees, buildings, and crevices on cliffs and rocky outcrops; forages over water
N Not expected to roost or forage. The Project site lacks suitable open water, caves and rocky outcrops required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Perognathus
longimembris pacificus
Pacific pocket mouse FE/SSC fine-grained sandy substrates in open coastal strand, coastal dunes, and river alluvium
N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks sandy substrates, coastal dunes or river alluvium habitats as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Taxidea taxus American badger None/SSC Dry, open, treeless areas; grasslands, coastal scrub, agriculture, and pastures, especially with friable soils
Y Low potential to occur. Although the Project site contains marginal non-native grassland habitat for this species, the proximity to development likley deters this species from occurring. The nearest CNDDB documented occurance is 0.4 miles south of the Project site (Occ. No. 313) (CDFW 2022a).
APPENDIX D / SPECIAL-STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES POTENTIAL TO OCCUR
13528 D-5 JULY 2022
Scientific Name Common Name
Status
(Federal/State) Habitat
Appropriate
habitats? Potential to Occur
Reptiles
Anniella stebbinsi southern California
legless lizard
None/SSC Coastal dunes, stabilized dunes, beaches, dry washes, valley–foothill, chaparral, and scrubs; pine, oak, and riparian woodlands; associated with sparse vegetation and moist sandy or loose, loamy soils N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks coastal dunes, beaches, dry washes, chaparral, scrubs and woodlands as required for this species.
Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Arizona elegans
occidentalis
California glossy snake None/SSC Arid scrub, rocky washes, grasslands, chaparral, open areas with loose soil
N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks aird scrub, washes, chaparral and continous grassland as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Aspidoscelis tigris
stejnegeri
San Diegan tiger whiptail None/SSC Hot and dry areas with sparse foliage, including chaparral, woodland, and riparian areas.
N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks chaparral, woodland and riparian habitat as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Crotalus ruber red diamondback
rattlesnake
None/SSC Coastal scrub, chaparral, oak and pine woodlands, rocky grasslands, cultivated areas, and desert flats
N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks significant coastal scrub, chaparral, woodland and desert flats as required for this species.
Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Emys marmorata western pond turtle None/SSC Slow-moving permanent or intermittent streams, ponds, small lakes, and reservoirs with emergent basking sites; adjacent uplands used for nesting and during winter
N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable aquatic habitat and connectivity to adjacent aquatic habitat as required for this species.
Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Phrynosoma blainvillii Blainville's horned lizard None/SSC Open areas of sandy soil in valleys, foothills, and semi-arid mountains including coastal scrub, chaparral, valley–foothill hardwood, conifer, riparian, pine–cypress, juniper, and annual grassland habitats N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable significant coastal scrub, chaparral, woodland and grassland as required for this species.
Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Salvadora hexalepis
virgultea
coast patch-nosed
snake
None/SSC Brushy or shrubby vegetation; requires small mammal burrows for refuge and overwintering sites
N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable brushy and shrubby vegetation as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Thamnophis hammondii two-striped gartersnake None/SSC Streams, creeks, pools, streams with rocky beds, ponds, lakes, vernal pools
N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable aquatic habitat and connectivity to adjacent aquatic habitat as required for this species.
Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
Thamnophis sirtalis ssp.
(Southern California
coastal plain from
Ventura County to
San Diego County,
and from sea level to
about 850 m)
south coast garter snake None/SSC Marsh and upland habitats near permanent water and riparian vegetation N Not expected to occur. The Project site lacks suitable marsh habitat and connectivity to adjacent aquatic and riparian habitat as required for this species. Additionally, the Project site is entirely surrounded by development, further reducing the likelihood that this species would occur within the site.
APPENDIX D / SPECIAL-STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES POTENTIAL TO OCCUR
13528 D-6 JULY 2022
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Appendix E
Representative Site Photographs
APPENDIX E / REPRESENTATIVE SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
13528 E-1 JULY 2022
Photo 1. Northern portion of the site facing north Photo 2. Northeastern boundary of the site facing east/northeast
Photo 3. CVS parking lot and southern portion of the
site facing west
Photo 4. Disturbed Diegan coastal sage scrub on the
western boundary of the site facing southwest.
APPENDIX E / REPRESENTATIVE SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
13528 E-2 JULY 2022
Photo 5. Northern portion of the site facing north Photo 6. Northeastern boundary of the site facing east/northeast