San Marcos City Council
October 24, 2023

Appendix D
Cultural Resources Phase I Inventory Report

March 6, 2023 14763
Chris Bennett
AOA San Marcos LLC
709 Randolph Avenue
Costa Mesa, California 92626
SSubject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Bennett:

This letter documents the archaeological resources inventory conducted by Dudek for the Marcos Specific Plan Project (Project), located in the City of San Marcos, California (Figure 1). The Project would consist of 102 multi- family residential units, 7,658 square feet (sf) of office space, and 49,266 sf of specialty retail space on the on the

11.07-acre Project area (Figure 1). The City of San Marcos (City) is the lead agency responsible for compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). In accordance with CEQA, Dudek performed an archaeological resources inventory for the entire Project area, which consists of 11.07 acres that encompasses two parcels (Assessor Parcel Numbers [APNs] 219-152-14-00, 219-152-40, 42, 44, 45, 51, 61) (Figure 2). The report was prepared under the direct supervision of Dudek archaeologist Angela Pham, M.A., RPA, who meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for archaeology.

A records search for the Project including a surrounding one-mile radius search buffer was conducted by Dudek at the South Coastal Information Center (SCIC). The records search identified one cultural resource (CA-SDI-22954) within the Project area, which consists of a historic-age trash scatter. Moreover, an additional 47 cultural resources were identified within the one-mile buffer. A Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File (SLF) search was requested on October 10, 2022. The results were received on November 30, 2022, and the SLF search is negative.

Based on historic aerials, portions of the Project area were graded and developed between the mid-1960s and late 1970s. Further, undocumented fill was likely deposited th roughout the entire Project area ranging from 0 feet to 5 feet below ground surface, as described in the geotechnical report (Geotek 2021).

One previously recorded site, CA-SDI-22954, a historic -age trash scatter with approximately 60-70 artifacts comprised of glass fragments, metal fragments, and a smal l number of ceramics, was previously recorded within the Project area. The site was previously found not eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

However, the site was not identified during the pedestri an survey and was determined to be destroyed by the restoration work along Los Posas Creek. It is not a historical resource as defined by CEQA.

To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 2 MARCH 2023

Due to the presence of a cultural resource within the Project area, and a plethora of cultural resources within one-mile of the Project area, there is a moderate potential of identifying intact subsurface archaeological deposits during Project implementation, especially within the ol der alluvium sediments below the fill. Dudek recommends cultural resources monitoring, consisting of a qualifie d archaeological monitor and Luiseno Native American monitor, during all initial ground disturbing within native undisturbed soils. Monitoring can be reduced or terminated should no discoveries are made or if documentation is provided which demonstrates that ground-disturbing activities will be occurring in sediments with no potential for cultural resources. 1 Project Description and Location
The Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue, in the City of San Marcos (APN 219- 152-14-00, 219-152-40, 42, 44, 45, 51, 61). The Project area falls within Section 10 of Township 12 South, Range 3 West of the San Marcos California 7.5-minute Quadrangle (Figure 1). The Project area has been previously disturbed and has several large, paved portions to the east and south. The Project area is located in an urban area of the City, surrounded on all sides by existing develo pment, including Grand Avenue immediately to the north, commercial uses to the west, south, and east. There is also a vacant lot across Linda Vista Drive to the east. The Project area is relatively flat but will require some cut and fill. The East-End Planning Area will cut approximately 2,065 cubic yards (CY) of material, fill approximately 2,635 CY of material with approximately 570 CY of the fill coming from import material. The West-End Planning Area will require approximately 70 CY of cut, 15,680 CY of fill of which approximately 15,610 CY will come from import material. The Project includes a maximum height of 45 feet or 3 stories for the multi-family residential component (western portion of the Project area), and a maximum building height of 60 feet (65 feet with architectural projections) for the retail/office component (eastern portion of the Project area).

The Project consists of 102 multi-family residential units, 7,658 square feet (sf) of office space, and 49,266 sf of specialty retail space on the on the 11.07-acre Project area (Figure 2). 2 Regulatory Framework

2.1 The California Register of Historic Resources
(Public Resources Code section 5020 et seq.)
Under CEQA, the term “historical resource” includes but is not limited to “any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript which is historically or archaeologically significant, or is significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California” (California Public Resources Code section 5020.1(j)). In 1992, the California legislature established CRHR “to be used by state and local agencies, private groups, and citize ns to identify the state’s historical resources and to indicate what properties are to be protected, to the extent prudent and feasible, from substantial adverse change” (California Public Resources Code section 5024.1(a)). A reso urce is eligible for listing in the CRHR if the State Historical Resources Commission determines that it is a significant resource and that it meets any of the following NRHP criteria:

To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 3 MARCH 2023

ƒ Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage.
ƒ Associated with the lives of persons important in our past. ƒ Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values. ƒ Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. (California Public Resources Code section 5024.1(c).) Resources less than 50 years old are not considered for listing in the CRHR, but may be considered if it can be demonstrated that sufficient time has passed to understand the historical importance of the resource (see 14 CCR, section 4852(d)(2)).

The CRHR protects cultural resources by requiring evaluations of the significance of prehistoric and historic resources. The criteria for the CRHR are nearly identical to those for the NRHP, and properties listed or formally designated as eligible for listing on the NRHP are automatically listed on the CRHR, as are the state landmarks and points of interest. The CRHR also includes properties designated under local ordinances or identified through local historical resource surveys. The State Historic Preservation Officer maintains the CRHR.

2.2 Native American Historic Cultural Sites
(California Public Resources Code section 5097 et seq.) State law addresses the disposition of Native American burials in archaeological sites and protects such remains from disturbance, vandalism, or inadvertent destruction; establishes procedures to be implemented if Native American skeletal remains are discovered during construc tion of a project; and establishes the NRHC to resolve disputes regarding the disposition of such remains. In addition, the Native American Historic Resource Protection Act makes it a misdemeanor punishable by up to 1 year in jail to deface or destroy an Indian historic or cultural site that is listed or may be eligible for listing in the CRHR.

2.3 California Native American Graves Protection and
Repatriation Act
The California Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (California Repatriation Act), enacted in 2001, required all state agencies and museums that receive state funding and that have possession or control over collections of human remains or cultural items, as defined, to complete an inventory and summary of these remains and items on or before January 1, 2003, with certain exceptions. The California Repatriation Act also provides a process for the identification and repatriation of these items to the appropriate tribes.

2.4 California Environmental Quality Act
As described further below, the following CEQA statutes and CEQA Guidelines are of relevance to the analysis of archaeological and historic resources:

1. California Public Resources Code section 21083.2(g): Defines “unique archaeological resource.” To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 4 MARCH 2023

2. California Public Resources Code section 21084.1 and CEQA Guidelines section 15064.5(a): Define historical resources. In addition, CEQA Guidelines section 15064.5(b) defines the phrase “substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource;” it also defines the circumstances when a project would materially impair the significance of a historical resource.

3. California Public Resources Code section 5097.98 and CEQA Guidelines section 15064.5(e): Set forth standards and steps to be employed following the accidental discovery of human remains in any location other than a dedicated ceremony.

4. California Public Resources Code sections 21083.2(b)-(c) and CEQA Guidelines section 15126.4: Provide information regarding the mitigation framework for archaeological and historic resources, including options of preservation-in-place mitigation measures; preserva tion-in-place is the preferred manner of mitigating impacts to significant archaeological sites because it maintains the relationship between artifacts and the archaeological context, and may also help avoid conf lict with religious or cultural values of groups associated with the archaeological site(s).

Under CEQA, a project may have a significant effect on the environment if it may cause “a substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource” (California Public Resources Code section 21084.1; CEQA Guidelines section 15064.5(b)). If a site is either listed or eligible for listing in the CRHR, or if it is included in a local register of historic resources, or identified as significant in a historical resources survey (meeting the requirements of California Public Resources Code section 5024.1(q)), it is a “historical resource” and is presumed to be historically or culturally significant for purposes of CEQA (California Public Resources Code section 21084.1; CEQA Guidelines section 15064.5(a)). The lead agency is not precluded from determining that a resource is a historical resource even if it does not fall within this presumption (California Public Resources Code section 21084.1; CEQA Guidelines section 15064.5(a)).

A “substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource” reflecting a significant effect under CEQA means “physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of an historical resource would be materially impaired” (CEQA Guidelines section 15064.5(b)(1); California Public Resources Code section 5020.1(q)). In turn, the significance of a historical resource is materially impaired when a project:

1. Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics of an historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its inclusion in, or eligibility for, inclusion in the California Register; or

2. Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics that account for its inclusion in a local register of historical resources pursuant to section 5020.1(k) of the Public Resources Code or its identification in an historical resources survey meeting the requirements of section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resources Code, unless the public agency reviewing the effects of the project establishes by a preponderance of evidence that the resource is not historically or culturally significant; or

3. Demolishes or materially alters in an advers e manner those physical characteristics of a historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its eligibility for inclusion in the California Register as determined by a lead agency for purposes of CEQA.

See Section 2.7, below for a discussion of the CEQA guidelines for determining significance and mitigating impacts to unique archaeological resources.

To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 5 MARCH 2023

2.5 California Health and Safe ty Code Section 7050.5 and Public Resources Code Section 5097.98
CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5 assigns special importance to human remains and specifies procedures to be used when Native American remains are discovered. As described below, these procedures are detailed in California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 and Public Resources Code Section 5097.98.

California law protects Native American burials, skeletal remains, and associated grave goods, regardless of their antiquity, and provides for the sensitive treatment and disposition of those remains. Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 requires that if human remains are discovered in any place other than a dedicated cemetery, no further disturbance or excavation of the site or nearby area reasonably suspected to contain human remains shall occur until the County coroner has examined the remains (California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5[b]). If the coroner determines or has reason to believe the remains are those of a Native American, the coroner must contact the NAHC within 24 hours (California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5[c]). In accordance with California Public Resources Code Section 5097.98(a), the NAHC will notify the Most Likely Descendant (MLD). With the permission of the landowner, the MLD may inspect the site of discovery. Within 48 hours of being granted access to the site, the MLD may recommend means of treatment or disposition, with appropriate dignity, of the human remains and associated grave goods.

2.6 Assembly Bill 52
California Assembly Bill 52, which took effect July 1, 2015, establishes a consultation process between California Native American Tribes and lead agencies in order to address tribal concerns regarding project impacts and mitigation to “tribal cultural resources” (TCR). Public Resources Code section 21074(a) defines TCRs and states that a project that has the potential to cause a substantial adverse change to a TCR is a project that may have an adverse effect on the environment. A TCR is defined as a site, feature, place, cultural landscape, sacred place, and object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe that is either:

1. listed or eligible for listing in the CRHR or a local register of historical resources, or

2. determined by a lead agency to be a TCR.

2.7 Senate Bill 18
California Senate Bill 18 (SB 18), which took effect on March 1, 2005, requires local (city and county) governments to consult with California Native American tribes identified by the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) for the purpose of protecting, and/or mitigating impacts to cultural places in creating or amending general plans and specific plans (Government Code section 65352.3).

2.8 Guidelines for Determining Significance
According to CEQA (§15064.5b), a project with an effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment. CEQA defines a substantial adverse change:

To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 6 MARCH 2023

Substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource means physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of an historical resource would be materially impaired.

The significance of an historical resource is materially impaired when a project:
ƒ Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics of an historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its inclusion in, or eligibility for inclusion in, the CRHR; or
ƒ Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics that account for its inclusion in a local register of historical resources pursuant to section 5020.1(k) of the Public Resources Code or its identification in an historical resources survey meeting the requirements of section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resources Code, unless the public agency reviewing the effects of the project establishes by a preponderance of evidence that the resource is not historically or culturally significant; or ƒ Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics of an historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its eligibility for inclusion in the CRHR as determined by a lead agency for purposes of CEQA.

Section 15064.5(c) of CEQA applies to effects on archaeological sites and contains the following additional provisions regarding archaeological sites:
ƒ When a project will impact an archaeological site, a lead agency shall first determine whether the site is an historical resource, as defined in subsection (a). ƒ If a lead agency determines that the archaeological site is a historical resource, it shall refer to the provisions of Section 21084.1 of the Public Resources Code, and this section, Section 15126.4 of the Guidelines, and the limits contained in Section 21083.2 of the Public Resources Code do not apply.
ƒ If an archaeological site does not meet the criteria defined in subsection (a), but does meet the definition of a unique archaeological resource in Section 21083.2 of the Public Resources Code, the site shall be treated in accordance with the provisions of section 21083.2. The time and cost limitations described in Public Resources Code Section 21083.2 (c–f) do not apply to surveys and site evaluation activities intended to determine whether the project location contains unique archaeological resources.
ƒ If an archaeological resource is neither a unique archaeological nor a historical resource, the effects of the project on those resources shall not be considered a significant effect on the environment. It shall be sufficient that both the resource and the effect on it are noted in the Initial Study or Environmental Impact Report (EIR), if one is prepared to address impacts on other resources, but they need not be considered further in the CEQA process.

Section 15064.5(d) and (e) contain additional provisions regarding human remains. Regarding Native American human remains, paragraph (d) provides:

When an initial study identifies the existence of, or the probable likelihood of, Native American human remains within the project, a lead agency shall work with the appropriate Native Americans To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 7 MARCH 2023

as identified by the Native American Heritage Commission as provided in Public Resources Code SS5097.98. The applicant may develop an agreement for treating or disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the human remains and any items associated with Native American burials with the appropriate Native Americans as identified by the Native American Heritage Commission. Action implementing such an agreement is exempt from:

1. The general prohibition on disinterring, disturbing, or removing human remains from any location other than a dedicated cemetery (Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5); and

2. The requirement of CEQA and the Coastal Act.

Under CEQA, an EIR is required to evaluate any impacts on unique archaeological resources (California Public Resources Code section 21083.2.) A “unique archaeological resource” is defined as:
[A]n archaeological artifact, object, or site about which it can be clearly demonstrated that, without merely adding to the current body of knowledge, there is a high probability that it meets any of the following criteria:

1. Contains information needed to answer important scientific research questions and that there is a demonstrable public interest in that information.

2. Has a special and particular quality such as being the oldest of its type or the best available example of its type.

3. Is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important prehistoric or historic event or person.
(California Public Resources Code section 21083.2(g)). An impact to a non-unique archaeological resource is not considered a significant environmental impact and such non-unique resources need not be further addressed in the EIR (Public Resources Code section 21083.2(a); CEQA Guidelines section 15064.5(c)(4)).

As stated above, CEQA contains rules for mitigation of “unique archaeological resources.” For example, “[i]f it can be demonstrated that a project will cause damage to a unique archaeological resource, the lead agency may require reasonable efforts to be made to permit any or all of these resources to be preserved in place or left in an undisturbed state. Examples of that treatment, in no or der of preference, may include, but are not limited to, any of the following:

1. Planning construction to avoid archaeological sites.

2. Deeding archaeological sites into permanent conservation easements.

3. Capping or covering archaeological sites with a layer of soil before building on the sites.

4. Planning parks, greenspace, or other open space to incorporate archaeological sites.” (Pub.

Resources Code section 21083.2(b)(1)-(4).)
Public Resources Code section 21083.2(d) states that “[e]xcavation as mitigation shall be restricted to those parts of the unique archaeological resource that would be damaged or destroyed by the project. Excavation as mitigation shall not be required for a unique archaeological resource if the lead agency determines that testing or studies already completed have adequately recovered the scientifically consequential information from and about the resource, if this determination is documented in the environmental impact report.” To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

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The rules for mitigating impacts to archaeological resources to qualify as “historic resources” are slightly different.

According to CEQA Guidelines section 15126.4(b)(3), “[p]ublic agencies should, whenever feasible, seek to avoid damaging effects on any historic resource of an archaeol ogical nature. The following factors shall be considered and discussed in an EIR for a project involving such an archaeological site:

Preservation in place is the preferred manner of mitigating impacts to archaeological sites. Preservation in place maintains the relationship between artifacts and the archaeological context. Preservation may also avoid conflict with religious or cultural values of groups associated with the site.

Preservation in place may be accomplished by, but is not limited to, the following:

1. Planning construction to avoid archaeological sites;

2. Incorporation of sites within parks, greenspace, or other open space;

3. Covering the archaeological sites with a layer of ch emically stable soil before building tennis courts, parking lots, or similar facilities on the site[; and]

4. Deeding the site into a permanent conservation easement.

Thus, although section 21083.2 of the Public Resources Code, in addressing “unique archaeological sites,” provides for specific mitigation options “in no order of preference,” CEQA Guidelines section 15126.4(b), in addressing “historical resources of an archaeological nature,” provides that “[p]reservation in place is the preferred manner of mitigating impacts to archaeological sites.”
Under CEQA, “[w]hen data recovery through excavation is the only feasible mitigation,” the lead agency may cause to be prepared and adopt a “data recovery plan,” prior to any excavation being undertaken. The data recovery plan must make “provision for adequately recovering the scientifically consequential information from and about the historic resource.” (CEQA Guidelines section 15126.4(b)(3)( C).) The data recovery plan also “must be deposited with the California Historical Resources Regional Information Center.” ( Ibid.) Further, “[i]f an artifact must be removed during project excavation or testing, curation may be an appropriate mitigation.” (Ibid.) However, “[d]ata recovery shall not be required for an historical resource if the lead agency determines that testing or studies already completed have adequately recovered the scientifically consequential information from and about the archaeological or historic resource, provided th at determination is documented in the EIR and that the studies are deposited with the California Historical Re sources Regional Information Center.” (CEQA Guidelines section 15126.4(b)(3)(D).)

2.9 City of San Marcos General Plan
The Conservation and Open Space Element of the City’s General Plan (adopted in 2012 and updated in 2013) describes the cultural and paleontological resources, regulatory framework, and policies and plans to protect such resources (City of San Marcos 2013). The planning goals and policies are described below.

The City of San Marcos Goal COS-11, in the Goals and Polici es section, consists of three policies to assist in the implementation of preserving paleontological resources. The City’s goal is to “continue to identify and evaluate cultural, historical, archaeological, paleontological, and architectural resources for protection from demolition and inappropriate actions” in compliance with CEQA guidelines (City of San Marcos 2013). The three policies pertain to the protection of the above resources. In summary, the policies are meant to: (1) identify and protect cultural resources; (2) prevent the destruction or removal of a historic structure without evaluating it and assessing the To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

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possible preservation alternatives; and (3) identify “opportunities for adaptive reuse of historic sites and buildings to preserve and maintain their viability” (City of San Marcos 2013).

3.0 City of San Marcos Archaeological and Historical
Resources Consultant Guidelines
The City of San Marcos published guidelines for archaeological and historical resources consultants in January 2023. The guidelines are generally meant to aide third party consultants who prepare archaeological or architectural history inventories, surveys, evaluations, and other technical documents. These guidelines include information pertaining to the minimum qualifications, records searches, tribal outreach, pedestrian surveys, reporting, research design, findings, discussion and evaluations, management conclusions, references, and appendices of inventories, surveys, evaluations, and other technical documents (City San Marcos 2023). 4 Project Background

4.1 Natural Setting
The Project area is located at the northwest corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Drive in the City of San Marcos.

The existing Project area has been previously disturbed and is currently developed with paved areas in the eastern and southern sections, and billboards in the northern section. The Project area is generally flat, and there is little to no topographic variation. The Project area is located in an urban area of the City surrounded on all sides by existing development, including commercial and industrial uses to the north, east, south, and west. Highway 78 is also less than 30 meters north of the Project area. Las Posas Creek transects the Project area and flows to the south and southwest. Vegetation adjacent to Los Posas Creek includes cattails, tumbleweeds, low-lying dry grasses.

4.2 Prehistoric Context
Evidence for continuous human occupation in Southern California spans the last 10,000 years. Various attempts to parse out variability in archaeological assemblages over this broad time frame have led to the development of several cultural chronologies; some of these are based on geologic time, most are based on temporal trends in archaeological assemblages, and others are interpretive reconstructions. Each of these reconstructions describes essentially similar trends in assemblage composition in more or less detail. This research employs a common set of generalized terms used to describe chronological trends in assemblage composition: Paleoindian (pre-5500 BC), Archaic (8000 BC–AD 500), Late Prehistoric (AD 500–1769), and Ethnohistoric (post-AD 1769).

4.2.1 Paleoindian Period (pre-5500 BC)
Evidence for Paleoindian occupation in coastal Southern California is tenuous, especially considering the fact that the oldest dated archaeological assemblages look nothing like the Paleoindian artifacts from the Great Basin. One of the earliest dated archaeological assemblages in coastal Southern California (excluding the Channel Islands) derives from CA-SDI-4669/W-12, in La Jolla. A human burial from CA-SDI-4669 was radiocarbon dated to 9,590– 9,920 years before present (95.4% probability) (Hector 2007). The burial is part of a larger site complex that contained more than 29 human burials associated with an assemblage that fits the Archaic profile (i.e., large amounts of ground stone, battered cobbles, and expedient flake tools). In contrast, typical Paleoindian To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 10 MARCH 2023

assemblages include large stemmed projectile points, high proportions of formal lithic tools, bifacial lithic reduction strategies, and relatively small proportions of ground stone tools. Prime examples of this pattern are sites that were studied by Emma Lou Davis (1979) on Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake near Ridgecrest, California. These sites contained fluted and unfluted stemmed points and large numbers of formal flake tools (e.g., shaped scrapers, blades). Other typical Paleoindian sites include the Komodo site (CA-MNO-679)— a multicomponent fluted point site, and CA-MNO-680—a single component Great Basined Stemmed point site (see Basgall et al. 2002). At CA-MNO-679 and -680, ground stone tools were rare while finely made projectile points were common.

Turning back to coastal Southern California, the fact th at some of the earliest dated assemblages are dominated by processing tools runs counter to traditional notions of mobile hunter–gatherers traversing the landscape for highly valued prey. Evidence for the latter—that is, typical Paleoindian assemblages—may have been located along the coastal margin at one time, prior to glacial desiccatio n and a rapid rise in sea level during the early Holocene (pre-7500 BP) that submerged as much as 1.8 kilometers of the San Diego coastline. If this were true, however, it would also be expected that such sites would be located on older landforms near the current coastline. Some sites, such as CA-SDI-210 along Agua Hedionda Lagoon, contained stemmed points similar in form to Silver Lake and Lake Mojave projectile points (pre-8000 BP) that are co mmonly found at sites in Ca lifornia’s high desert (see Basgall and Hall 1993). CA-SDI-210 yielded one corrected radiocarbon date of 8520–9520 BP (see Warren et al. 2004). However, sites of this nature are extremely rare and cannot be separated from large numbers of milling tools that intermingle with old projectile point forms.

Warren et al. (2004) claimed that a biface manufacturing tradition present at the Harris site complex (CA-SDI-149) is representative of typical Paleoindian occupation in the San Diego region that possibly dates between 10,365 and 8200 BC (Warren et al. 2004). Termed San Dieguito (see also Rogers 1945), assemblages at the Harris site are qualitatively distinct from most others in the San Diego region because the site has large numbers of finely made bifaces (including projectile points), formal flake tools, a biface reduction trajectory, and relatively small amounts of processing tools (see also Warren 1964, 1968). Despit e the unique assemblage composition, the definition of San Dieguito as a separate cultural tradition is hotl y debated. Gallegos (1987, 1991) suggested that the San Dieguito pattern is simply an inland manifestation of a broader economic pattern. Gallegos’ interpretation of San Dieguito has been widely accepted in recent years, in part because of the difficulty in distinguishing San Dieguito components from other assemblage constituents. In other words, it is easier to ignore San Dieguito as a distinct socioeconomic pattern than it is to draw it out of mixed assemblages.

The large number of finished bifaces (i.e., projectile points and non-projectile blades), along with large numbers of formal flake tools at the Harris site complex, is very different than nearly all other assemblages throughout the San Diego region, regardless of age. Warren et al. (2004) made this point, tabulating basic assemblage constituents for key early Holocene sites. Producing finely made bifaces and formal flake tools implies that relatively large amounts of time were spent for tool manufacture. Such a strategy contrasts with the expedient flake-based tools and cobble- core reduction strategy that typifies non-San Dieguito Archaic sites. It can be inferred from the uniquely high degree of San Dieguito assemblage formality that the Harris site complex represents a distinct economic strategy from non- San Dieguito assemblages.

San Dieguito sites are rare in the inland valleys, with one possible candidate, CA-RIV-2798/H, located on the shore of Lake Elsinore. Excavations at Locus B at CA-RIV-2798/H produced a toolkit consisting predominately of flaked stone tools, including crescents, projectile points, and bifaces, and lesser amounts of groundstone tools (handstones and millingstones), among other items (Grenda 1997). A calibrated and reservoir corrected radiocarbon date from a shell To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

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produced a date of 6630 BC. Grenda (1997) suggested this site represents seasonal exploitation of lacustrine resources and small game, and resembles coastal San Dieguito assemblages and spatial patterning.

If San Dieguito truly represents a distinct socioeconomic strategy from the non-San Dieguito Archaic processing regime, its rarity implies that it was not only short-lived, but that it was not as economically successful as the Archaic strategy. Such a conclusion would fit with other trends in Southern California deserts, wherein hunting-related tools are replaced by processing tools during the early Holocene (see Basgall and Hall 1993; Basgall and McGuire 1988).

4.2.2 Archaic Period (8000 BC–AD 500)
The more than 2,500-year overlap between the presumed age of Paleoindian occupations and the Archaic period highlights the difficulty in defining a cultural chronolo gy in the San Diego region. If San Dieguito is the only recognized Paleoindian component in the San Diego region , then the dominance of hunting tools implies that it derives from Great Basin adaptive strategies and is not necessarily a local adaptation. Warren et al. (2004) admitted as much, citing strong desert connections with San Dieguito. Thus, the Archaic pattern is the earliest local socioeconomic adaptation in the San Diego region (see Hale 2001, 2009).

The Archaic pattern is relatively easy to define with assemblages that consist primarily of processing tools:
millingstones, handstones, battered cobbles, heavy crude scrapers, incipient flake-based tools, and cobble-core reduction. These assemblages occur in all environments acro ss the San Diego region, with little variability in tool composition. Low assemblage variability over time and space among Archaic sites has been equated with cultural conservatism (see Byrd and Reddy 2002; Warren 1968; Warren et al. 2004). Despite enormous amounts of archaeological work at Archaic sites, little change in assemblage composition occurred until the bow and arrow was adopted at around AD 500, as well as ceramics at approximately the same time (Griset 1996; Hale 2009). Even then, assemblage formality remained low. After the bow was adopted, small arrow points appear in large quantities and already low amounts of formal flake tools are replaced by increasing amounts of expedient flake tools. Similarly, shaped millingstones and handstones decreased in proportion relative to expedient, unshaped ground stone tools (Hale 2009). Thus, the terminus of the Archaic period is eq ually as hard to define as its beginning because basic assemblage constituents and patterns of manufacturing investment remain stable, complimented only by the addition of the bow and ceramics.

4.2.3 Late Prehistoric Period (AD 500–1769)
The period of time following the Archaic and prior to ethnohistoric times (AD 1769) is commonly referred to as the Late Prehistoric (Rogers 1945; Wallace 1955; Warren et al. 2004). However, several other subdivisions continue to be used to describe various shifts in assemblage composition, including the addition of ceramics and cremation practices. In southwestern Riverside County and northern San Diego County, the post-A.D. 1450 period is called the San Luis Rey Complex (True 1980). Rogers (1929) also subdivided the last 1,000 years into the Yuman II and III cultures, based on the distribution of ceramics. Despite these regional complexes, each is defined by the addition of arrow points and ceramics, and the widespread use of bedrock mortars. Variances in the appearance of the bow and arrow and ceramics make the temporal resolution of the San Luis Rey complexes difficult. For this reason, the term Late Prehistoric is well-suited to describe the last 1,500 years of prehistory in this region.

Temporal trends in socioeconomic adaptations during the Late Prehistoric are poorly understood. This is partly due to the fact that the fundamental Late Prehistoric assemblage is very similar to the Archaic pattern, but includes arrow points, large quantities of fine debitage from producing arrow points, ceramics, and cremations. The To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 12 MARCH 2023

appearance of mortars and pestles is difficult to place in time because most mortars are found on bedrock surfaces; bowl mortars are actually rare in this region. Some argue that the ethnohistoric intensive acorn economy extends as far back as AD 500 (Bean and Shipek 1978). However, there is no substantial evidence that reliance on acorns, and the accompanying use of mortars and pestles, occurred prior to AD 1400. True (1980) argued that acorn processing and ceramic use in the northern San Diego region did not occur until the San Luis Rey pattern emerged after approximately AD 1450. Similar to True (1980), Hale (2009) argued that an acorn economy did not appear in the southern San Diego region until just prior to ethnohistoric times, and that when it did occur, a major shift in social organization followed. An acorn dependent economy likely appeared in southwestern Riverside County and Northern San Diego County around the same time, with equivalent social changes.

4.2.4 Ethnohistory
The proposed Project area lies within an area considered ancestral to the Luiseño. The Luiseño language belongs to the Cupan group of the Takic language branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Luiseño is a term given to Native Americans under the administration of Mission San Luis Rey, and later applied specifically to the Payomkawichum ethnic nation who were present in the region where the mission was founded. Meaning the “western people,” the name Payomkawichum can also be applied to the closely related coastal Luiseño who lived north of the mission.

Luiseño territory was situated in the north half of San Diego County and the western edge of Riverside County. Their lands encompassed the southern Santa Margarita Mountains and the Palomar Mountains, and their foothills to the Pacific Ocean. The territory extended eastward into the San Jacinto Valley and the western foothills of the San Jacinto Mountains. Their neighbors to the were the Juaneño (Acjachemen) who spoke a Luiseño dialect; the Cahuilla and Cupeño to the east who spoke other Takic Cupan languages; and the Ipai (Kumeyaay) to the south who spoke a California-Delta Yuman language.

The Luiseño resided in permanent villages and associated seasonal camps. Village population ranged from 50– 400 with social structure based on lineages and clans. A single lineage was generally represented in smaller villages, while multiple lineages and a dominant clan presided in larger villages. Each clan/village owned a resource territory and was politically independent, yet maintained ties to others through economic, religious, and social networks in the immediate region. There were contact period villages in the vicinity of this segment, near the towns of Vista, San Marcos, and Escondido, but researchers have been unable to place rancheria names from the mission registers with these locations.

Like other Indigenous California groups, the primary food staple was the acorn (Bean and Shipek 1978), supplemented by other plant resources, fish, shellfish, waterfowl, and marine and terrestrial mammals. Villages were situated near reliable sources of water, needed for the daily leaching of milled acorn flour. Other plant foods included pine nuts and grass seeds, manzanita, sunflower, sage, chia, lemonade berry, wild rose, holly-leaf cherry, prickly pear, and lamb’s quarter. Large and small prey included deer, antelope, rabbit, jackrabbit, wood rat, mice, and ground squirrel, as well as quail, ducks, and other birds. Fish, such as trout, were caught in rivers and creeks.

The first direct European contact with the Luiseño occurred in July 1769 with the Spanish expedition led by Gaspar de Portolá. During the next six years, eight missions and forts were founded north and south of Luiseño territory. In 1776, Mission San Juan Capistrano was founded less than 10 miles north, and the populations of five northern Luiseño villages had been halved within 15 years. In 1 798, Mission San Luis Rey was established within Luiseño territory, and the proselytizing among the Payomkawichum began in earnest.

To: Mr. Bennett
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14763 13 MARCH 2023

Several Luiseño leaders signed the statewide 1852 treaty, locally known as the Treaty of Temecula (an interior Luiseño village), but the U.S. Congress never ratified it. By 1875, however, reservations for the Luiseño were established in the Palomar Mountains and nearby valleys, including Pala, Pauma, Rincon, Pechanga, and La Jolla.

4.3 Historic Period
Much of the area included within the City of San Marcos was originally part of Rancho Los Vallecitos de San Marcos.

Before secularization of the missions, this land was one of the cattle-grazing tracts claimed by Mission San Luis Rey. In April of 1840, Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado granted the 8,877-acre Rancho Los Vallecitos de San Marcos (the Little Valleys of St. Mark) to Don José María Alvarado. Don José married Lugarda Osuna, daughter of the owner of San Dieguito Rancho, Don Juan María Osuna.

In 1846, shortly after the Battle of San Pasqual, Don José and ten other rancheros were captured by a band of Indians and taken to an Indian ranchería at Agua Caliente where they were slain (Bibb 1976; Moyer 1969:22). Lugarda later married L uis M achado, t he owner of R anc ho Bue na Vista. It is u nclear who owne d Ranc ho Los Vallecitos de Sa n Marcos in the years following her marriage, but in 1883 the U.S. Land Commission granted a patent to the rancho to Lorenzo Soto, who had fought against the Americans at the Battle of San Pasqual. Cave J. Couts, a former Army officer and owner of the adjacent Rancho Guajome and Buena Vista, later came into possession of the ranch. Couts ran cattle on the ranch, but did not build any substantial structures.

The transcontinental railroad connection to San Dieg o was completed in November 1885, resulting in an unprecedented real estate boom for San Diego City. The population of San Diego soared in the mid-1880s from a total population of 5,000 in 1885 to 40,000 in 1889 (MacPhail 1979). Settlers poured into San Diego, lured by real estate promotions offering a salubrious climate, cheap land, and the potential to realize great profits in agriculture and real estate. Speculators formed land companies and subdivided town sites throughout the county (Pourade 1964:167-191). The real estate boom also stimulated demand for agricultural land in the county, and the number of farms increased from 696 to 2,747 between 1880 and 1890 (Schaefer et al. 1994). This boom brought homesteaders to the San Marcos area. San Marcos was typical of the small agricultural communities that grew up in the hinterland of San Diego, characterized generally by widely dispersed settlements that were united by a common school district, post office, church, and general store (Van Wormer 1986a, 1986b, 1987).

Major Gustavus French Merriam from Topeka, Kansas made the first permanent settlement in the San Marcos area. Merriam homesteaded 160 acres in the north Twin Oaks Valley and began wine and honey production.

German and Dutch immigrants began moving into the area in the early 1880s. In 1883 a few miles south of the settlement, John H. Barham founded the first town in the area, calling it Barham. By 1884, the town of Barham had a post office, blacksmith, feed store, and a weekly newspaper (City of San Marcos 2004). William Webster Borden published the town’s first newspaper, called Our Paper and later The Plain Truth (Sherman 2001:44).

Another small settlement called Buena grew up approximately 4 mi. northwest of Barham in the 1880s. By 1884, the town of Barham had a post office, blacksmith, feed store and weekly newspaper. A school was located here, but when the Vista Unified School District was formed in 1916, the former Vista, Buena, and Delpy school districts were subsumed into the new school district.

In 1887 Cave Couts’ widow sold San Marcos Ranch to O. S. Hubbell, and he sold it to the San Marcos Land Company, headed by Jacob Gruendike, a San Diego Banker and his associate W. G. Jacobs, for $233,000. The San Marcos Land Company had been formed with the intention of developing a town site. The company laid out a town To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 14 MARCH 2023

site near the intersection of Grand Avenue and Rancho Santa Fe Road with 5- to 10-acre plots. A number of houses were built in addition to a hotel, post office and several stores. In 1892, there were 87 registered voters. In the late 1880s, the Santa Fe Railroad announced that it was going to lay tracks going through the valley. To the disappointment of the citizens, the tracks were laid 1 mi. away from the center of the town. The old town was abandoned in 1901, and many of the buildings were moved to the intersection of Mission and Pico (Moyer 1969:22- 24). In 1903 the people of the town picked up their homes and moved a couple miles east along the railroad tracks to what now are Mission Road and Pico Avenue. By 1905, the town had every convenience, including rural mail delivery and telephone service. The first school in the area, which had started in Barham in 1880, was moved in 1889 to San Marcos. Later that same year, the Richland School was built, being the second school in San Marcos (City of San Marcos 2004).

San Marcos remained a quiet rural town through the first half of the twentieth century. While agriculture had dominated in the late 1800s and early 1900s, by the mid-1900s dairies and poultry production became a big part of the business in the town. San Marcos was chosen as the site of the future Palomar College in 1946. Classes initially took place in Vista, but Quonset huts were moved onto the San Marcos site in 1950 and the first permanent buildings were constructed in 1956. San Marcos experienced a period of growth from 1956 onward, when the first water from the Colorado River arrived. Population growth in San Marcos had been constrained by the lack of water resources in the region. The arrival of Colorado River wate r in the city in 1956, supplementing the existing local water supply, was a big boon to the city. After the arrival of water, several small businesses started and the population rapidly increased to 2,500. San Marcos, with a population of 3,200 residents, became incorporated on January 28, 1963. Through the 1960s, the city grew by a few thousand new residents, but in the 1970s, San Marcos was flourishing as the third-fastest growing city in the state, with a population of 17,479 by 1980. Growth has continued to boom in San Marcos, and in 2013 the population of the city was recorded at 89,387 (City of San Marcos 2004).
5 Methods

5.1 Records Search
A California Historical Resources Information Systems (CHR IS) records search of the Project area and a one-mile radius buffer was conducted by Dudek at the South Coastal Information Center (SCIC) on October 19 and November 2, 2022. The records search results indicate that 77 pr evious cultural resources studies have been conducted within one-mile of the Project area. Of the 77 previous studies, four studies intersect the Project area and are listed in Table 1 below. These studies consist of one archaeological report for the City of San Marcos General Plan Amendment, a cultural resources monitoring report, a draft environmental impact report, and an archaeological records search and literature review. The studies that do not intersect the area are included in a table in Confidential Appendix A. A review of the four reports indicates that approximately 10% of the Project area has been previously studied.

To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

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Table 1. Reports Intersecting Project Area
RReport Number AAuthors DDate TTitle
SD-14140 Robbins-Wade,
Mary
2003 Archaeological Records Search and Literature
Review, Vallecitos Water District Master Plan
Update, San Diego County, California
SD-18207 Clark, Tiffany and
Christopher Duran
2019 Cultural Resources Monitoring Report for the Los
Posas Creek and Grand Avenue Capital
Improvement Project, City of San Marcos, San
Diego County, California
SD-02043 Michael Brandman
Associates, Inc.
1989 Draft Environmental Impact Report San Marcos
Flood Control Channel, San Marcos Creek/Los
Posas Reach SCH #88061505
SD-01031 Westec Services,
Inc.
1983 Archaeological Report for Business/Industrial,
Richmar, Lake San Marcos and
Barham/Discovery Community Plan, San Marcos,
California
Report SD-18207, Cultural Resources Monitoring Report for the Los Posas and Grand Avenue Capital Improvement Project, City of San Marcos, San Diego County, Californ ia (Clark and Duran 2019), details Rincon Consultants’ discovery and treatment of CA-SDI-22954, a historic-age trash scatter. Rincon Consultants submitted an incident report to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), which described the resource and recommended it ineligible for listing on the NRHP due to a lack of integrity. The USACE concurred with Rincon Consultants’ recommendation and determined the site is not eligible. The State Historic Preservation Officer concurred with USACE’s recommendation that the site not be included in the NRHP.

The SCIC records search identified one cultural resource (CA-SDI-22954), a historic-age trash scatter, within the Project area. The site is briefly discussed in the above paragraph and in more detail below. The records search also identified 47 cultural resources within the one-mile search radius buffer outside of the Project area (Table 2). Of the total 47 resources identified in the one-mile buffer, 30 are prehistoric sites, nine are historic sites, four are prehistoric isolates, three are multicomponent sites, and one resource lacks sufficient information to discern the age (Table 2). No historic addresses are located within the Project area, however, three are located within the one- mile search radius. The results of the records search and all DPR forms are attached as part of Confidential Appendix A.

Table 2. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources in the One-Mile Record Search Radius
PPrimary Number TTrinomial AAge DDescription
IIn/ Out of
PProject Area
P-37-039088 CA-SDI-22954 Historic Trash Scatter In
P-37-008816 CA-SDI-008816 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter Out P-37-008815 CA-SDI-008815 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter Out P-37-008814 CA-SDI-008814 Historic Refuse Scatter Out
P-37-011663 CA-SDI-11663 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter Out To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

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Table 2. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources in the One-Mile Record Search Radius
PPrimary Number TTrinomial AAge DDescription
IIn/ Out of
PProject Area
P-37-005633 CA-SDI-005633 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter, Bedrock Milling, Habitation Debris
Out
P-37-005584 CA-SDI-005584 Prehistoric Bedrock Milling Out P-37-005582 CA-SDI-005582 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter Out P-37-005581 CA-SDI-005581 Prehistoric Bedrock Milling, Hearths, Habitation Debris
Out
P-37-005648 CA-SDI-005648 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter, Midden Out P-37-005646 CA-SDI-005646 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter Out P-37-005645 CA-SDI-005645 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter Out P-37-005644 CA-SDI-005644 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter Out P-37-005643 CA-SDI-005643 Prehistoric Isolate Out
P-37-011661 CA-SDI-011661 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter Out P-37-011662 CA-SDI-001162 Prehistoric Rock Shelter, Lithic Scatter Out P-37-005642 CA-SDI-005642 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter Out P-37-005647 CA-SDI-005647 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter, Bedrock Milling Out P-37-005641 CA-SDI-005641 Multicomponent Habitation Debris, Burial, Bedrock Milling, Lithic Scatter,
Ceramic Scatter, Hearths, and
Unnamed Historic Artifacts
Out
P-37-005583 CA-SDI-005583 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter Out P-37-012596 CA-SDI-012596 Historic Trash Scatter Out
P-37-012592 CA-SDI-012592 Multicomponent Bedrock Milling, Lithic Scatter, Trash Scatter
Out
P-37-012593 CA-SDI-012593 Multicomponent Bedrock Milling, Lithic Scatter, Trash Scatter
Out
P-37-012594 CA-SDI-012594 Historic Trash Scatter Out
P-37-012595 CA-SDI-012595 Prehistoric Bedrock Milling Out P-37-005632 CA-SDI-005632 Prehistoric Bedrock Milling, Lithic Scatter Out P-37-008720 CA-SDI-008720 Prehistoric Bedrock Milling Out P-37-011809 CA-SDI-011809 Prehistoric Bedrock Milling Out P-37-012735 CA-SDI-012735 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter Out P-37-005649 CA-SDI-005649 Prehistoric Bedrock Milling, Lithic Scatter Out P-37-024911 CA-SDI-016492 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter Out P-37-025556 CA-SDI-016971 Prehistoric Bedrock Milling Out P-37-027376 CA-SDI-017897 Prehistoric Bedrock Milling Out P-37-030654 CA-SDI-019473 Prehistoric Bedrock Milling Out P-37-030655 CA-SDI-019474 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter Out P-37-030745 CA-SDI-019524 Prehistoric Lithic Scatter, Ceramic Scatter Out P-37-014950 - Prehistoric Isolate Out
P-37-015064 - Prehistoric Isolate Out
To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

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Table 2. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources in the One-Mile Record Search Radius
PPrimary Number TTrinomial AAge DDescription
IIn/ Out of
PProject Area
P-37-015579 - Prehistoric Isolate Out
P-37-030252 - Historic Single Family Property Out
P-37-030380 - Historic Foundation Out
P-37-030379 - Historic Foundation, Water
Conveyance System
Out
P-37-032160 CA-SDI-020363 Prehistoric Habitation debris, Lithic Scatter
Out
P-37-036141 - Historic Commercial Building Out
P-37-011809 CA-SDI-011809 Prehistoric Bedrock Milling Out P-37-033557 - Historic Highway Out
P-37-036501 CA-SDI-022095 Historic Foundation Pad Out
CCA-SDI-22954
CA-SDI-22954 consists of a historic-age trash scatter that was originally identified during cultural monitoring for the Los Posas Creek and Grand Avenue Capital Improvement Project in San Marcos in 2019 by Rincon Consultants.

CA-SDI-22954 was recorded in the northern-central component of the current Project area, just south of Grand Avenue along the eastern bank of Los Posas Creek. It measures approximately 50 feet long (N/S) by 10 feet wide (E/W). The site consisted of approximately 60-70 artifacts, including bottle glass fragments (clear, brown, opaque, and blue), metal fragments, and a select few transfer prin t ceramics. Rincon Consultants’ preliminary analysis of the makers’ marks on several bottle bases suggested the artifacts likely dated to the 1920s and 1930s. Modern debris, such as a cassette tape and a few plastic bottles, were found intermixed with the historic trash scatter and suggested site disturbance. Rincon Consultants concluded that the site was probably an opportunistic dumping event. Rincon Consultants was also unable to associate the artifacts with a particular event or person. Due to the site’s lack of integrity and disturbed nature, as well as the inability to directly associate the trash scatter with a particular event or person, the Rincon also recommended the site did not meet the eligibility requirements for listing on the NRHP under any criteria.

5.2 Archival Research
In addition to the SCIC records search, Dudek conducted an online review of historic aerial photographs of the Project area and general vicinity, to help determine the possible development and land use of the Project area in the past. Thirty-six historic aerial photographs of the Project area were available at various years from 1938 to 2020 (NETR 2022). The historic aerial photograph from 1938 reveals the Project area had a road intersecting the northwestern component of the Project area. It also appears that Grand Avenue is at the northern end of the Project boundary, and it was possibly paved. There also appears to be Las Posas Creek in the northern and central components of the Project area. No structures or land modifications (other than the roads) are identifiable in the image. The 1947 and 1953 aerials do not reveal any changes to the Project area. The 1964 aerial photo reveals approximately five small buildings, possibly residential bu ildings, adjacent to Grand Avenue at the northwest and northern sections of the Project area. The photograph also shows two small buildings, again possibly residential To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 18 MARCH 2023

buildings, near the southern section of the Project area , and the development of what appears to be present day Linda Vista Drive. The 1967 aerial photograph does not reveal significant changes. The 1978 aerial photograph shows more development in the center and northwestern sections of the Project area, as evidenced by a few more structures. The 1980 aerial photograph displays more distinct building development in the eastern section of the Project area. The 1980 aerial photograph also displays the possible demolition (or renovation/expansion) of at least two or three structures that began being visible in the 1964 aerial photograph, near the northern and southern aspects of the Project area. The 1981 through 1986 aerial photographs do not depict significant changes within the Project area. The 1987 aerial photograph possibly exhibits more building development in the central aspect of the Project area. The aerial photographs from 1988 through 1994 do not appear to reveal substantial changes within the Project area. The 1995 aerial photograph reveals slightly more building development within the Project area. The 1996 through 2010 historic aerial photographs do not indicate substantial changes to the Project area.

The 2012 aerial photograph reveals structural demolition. The buildings that were demolished were near or at the northern, northwest, central, and eastern aspects of the Project area, which appear to be vacant pads in the 2012 aerial photograph. The buildings that were demolished generally begin appearing at the 1978 aerial photograph and continue increasing in number as the years progress, thus pointing to the likely destruction of modern structures by around 2012. The 2012 aerial photograph also displays the apparent demolition of the remaining structures from the 1964 photograph. The 2014 to 2020 aerial photographs do not appear to display significant changes to the Project area. The most recent 2020 aerial photograph does not display any structures within the Project area.

Historic topographic (topo) maps of the Project area also were reviewed. There are 18 topos available from various years from 1893 to 2018. The 1893 through 1965 topo maps do not show significant development within the Project area. The 1970 and 1979 topo maps reveal three structures within the Project area, and the structures generally resemble residential houses. The structures’ locations on the 1970 and 1979 topographic maps appear to match the historical aerial photograph from 1964. The 1983 topographic map shows approximately ten new structures inside the Project area, which vary in size and generally correspond to the 1978 aerial photographs. The 2000 to 2018 topographic maps do not show substantial new development. The most recent topographic map from 2018 does not display any structures within the Project area.

5.3 Geotechnical Report Review
Geotek, Inc. conducted a geotechnical evaluation for the Project area in 2021. The evaluation included the summaries of previous geotechnical reports from earlier investigations within the Project area. The results of the reviews are summarized below.

Geobase, Inc. conducted investigations for the property next to the Project’s southwest corner in 1990. Geobase’s investigation consisted of two exploratory borings to a ma ximum depth of 20 feet below the surface. The boring logs for Geobase indicated about 1 to 1.5 feet of fill. Natural soils were encountered that consisted of “very stiff to hard sand clay, atop siltstone/sandstone bedrock at depths of about 4 to 4.5 feet” (Geotek 2021). Groundwater was recorded at 16.5-17 feet below grade.

In 1997, Vinje & Middleton Engineering, Inc., excavated four exploratory trenches were excavated to depths of between 8.5 to 10.5 feet below grade inside the northern-central portion of the current Project area, adjacent to Las Posas Creek (Geotek 2021). The investigation recorded 1.5 to 2 feet of fill within the trenches, which consisted of sandy to clayey soils. Alluvial deposits consisting of clays and interbedded sands were recorded below the fill To: Mr. Bennett
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from approximately 6 feet below the surface. Bedrock, which consisted of sandstone and claystone, was recorded from 6 to 8.5 feet below the surface (Geotek 2021).

Geotek, Inc. also conducted geotechnical investigations within the Project area in April, May, and October of 2020.

The investigations consisted of six hollow stem auger borings, eight percolation tests, and ten concrete core samples at various locations throughout the Project area (Geotek 2021). The borings maximum depth was between 10 to 50 feet below the surface. Half of the boring tests yielded a thin layer of asphalt on the surface. The investigations generally yielded asphalt (including a silty sand asphalt base) at maximum depths ranging from 3 inches to 8 inches below ground surface (bgs), artificial fill (sandy clay cuttings and clayey sand cuttings) at maximum depths ranging from 4 feet to 5 feet bgs, older alluvium (sandy clay and clayey sand with some silty sand) at maximum depths ranging from 4 feet to 5 feet bgs, and the beginning of the Santiago Formation (bedrock consisting of hard sandstone, clayey sandstone, and sandy claystone) at depths ranging from 4 feet to 10 feet bgs (Geotek 2021).

5.4 NAHC and Tribal Correspondence
Dudek requested a Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) search of the Sacred Lands File (SLF) on October 10, 2022, for the Project area. The SLF consists of a database of known Native American resources. These resources may not be included in the SCIC database. The NAHC responded on November 30, 2022. The results were negative. The NAHC also provided a contact list of Native American representatives for tribes that are traditionally affiliated with the Project area. Outreach letters with a map and description of the planned Project were sent to these individuals and organizations on December 13, 2022. To date, one letter response has been received.

A response was received by the San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians on January 13, 2023, which stated that the Project area is within the Tribe’s Traditional Use Area, and the Tribe desires to engage in formal government to government consultation. Any additional tribal correspondence received will be forwarded to the City and included in the subsequent drafts of this report.

In compliance with Assembly Bill 52 and Senate Bill 18, the City, as lead agency, is responsible for conducting government to government consultation with pertinent tribal entities.

5.5 Intensive Pedestrian Survey
The intensive pedestrian survey was conducted by Dudek archaeologist David Faith on October 28, 2022, using standard archaeological procedures and techniques that meet the Secretary of Interior’s standards and guidelines for cultural resources inventory. Jessica Alexander, a Luiseño monitor with Saving Sacred Sites, was also present during the entire pedestrian survey. The intensive level survey methods consisted of a walking 10 meter-wide transects across the Project area. The ground surface wa s examined for prehistoric artifacts (e.g., flaked stone tools, tool-making debris, stone milling tools, ceramics, fire-affected rock), soil discoloration that might indicate the presence of a cultural midden, soil depressions, features indicative of the current or former presence of structures or buildings (e.g., standing exterior walls, post holes, foundations), and historic-age artifacts (e.g., metal, glass, ceramics, building materials). Ground disturbances such as burrows, cut banks, and drainages were also visually inspected for exposed subsurface materials.

The Project area is significantly disturbed. Disturbances include several push piles, billboards, wood debris, drainage culverts, gravel piles, and restoration along Las Posas Creek. The western component of the Project area To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 20 MARCH 2023

shows evidence of being graded as evidenced by an elevated earthen berm adjacent to the bridge. The Project area is generally flat with little to no topographic variation. Asphalt covers most of the eastern and southern portions of the Project area. The western half of the Project area is a vacant field. Las Posas Creek transects the Project area from the north to the southwest corner near the southwest corner of the Project area. There is a modern-looking bridge that spans over the creek as well. Visibility within the entire Project area was excellent (80-100 %) in areas with no dense vegetation present. The only exception is near Las Posas Creek, which was low visibility (0-20%). The primary vegetation noted included tumbleweeds, low-lying dry grasses, and cat tails near Las Posas Creek.

Dudek revisited the location where CA-SDI-22954 was pr eviously recorded and did not reidentify the site. No artifacts or features were identified within the site bo undary during the current survey. Modern culverts slope contouring were present near the mapped location of CA-SDI-22954, which is likely associated with restoration work along the banks of Los Posas Creek. It appears that CA-SDI-22954, which was originally observed during a monitoring program, was destroyed as a result of the restoration work associated with Los Posas Creek for the Los Posas Creek and Grand Avenue Capital Improvement. .

No cultural artifacts or features were observed during the pedestrian survey. Further, the tribal monitor, Jessica Alexander, did not express any concerns during the pedestrian survey. 6 Summary and Management Considerations

6.1 Archaeological Recommendations
Dudek’s archaeological resources inventory of the Project indicates that there is moderate sensitivity for identifying intact subsurface archaeological deposits during Project implementation. The SCIC records search identified one cultural resource, CA-SDI-22954, a historic-age trash scatter, within the Project area. CA-SDI-22954 was previously evaluated and determined to not be eligible for listing on the NRHP, however, it was not evaluated under CEQA or CRHR. The current pedestrian survey did not relocate CA-SDI-22954 or any other cultural resources within the Project area. Dudek determined that CA-SDI-22954 was destroyed by the restoration work associated with Los Posas Creek. Since CA-SDI-22954 was destroyed, it is not a historical resource as defined under CEQA. No further studies or mitigation is necessary for CA-SDI-22954. In addition, the records search identified 47 cultural resources within one-mile of the Project area. The presence of cultur al resources located within the vicinity of Project area indicates that the surrounding area has been utilized extensively prehistorically and historically.

Based on historic aerials and Geotech investigations, the Project area was graded and developed between 1964 and 1987 to its current configuration. Fill soil material is located over older alluvium throughout the Project area to a depth of 4 feet below surface. No intact prehistoric or historic-age resources will be present within the fill sediment; however, because a previous resource was present within the Project area (CA-SDI-22954) and other cultural resources located within the one-mile search buffer, there is a potential to encounter cultural resources within the older alluvium sediments below the fill. Dudek recommends cultural resources monitoring, consisting of a qualified archaeological monitor and Luiseno Native American monitor, during all initial ground disturbing activities within the older alluvium sediments (below the fill). Monitoring can be reduced or terminated if no discoveries are made or if documentation is provided which demonstrates that ground-disturbing activities will be occurring in sediments with no potential for cultural resources. Archaeological monitoring is not recommended for ground disturbing activities in the fill as there is no potential for intact cultural resources within that stratum.

To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 21 MARCH 2023

Should you have any questions relating to this report and its findings, please do not hesitate to contact me at 442.232.7313 or [email protected].

Respectfully Submitted,
___________________________________________
AAngie Pham, MA, RPA
Principal Investigator, Archaeologist
__________________________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
Att.: Figure 1, Project Location
Figure 2, Project Area Map
Figure 3. Overview of the eastern and central portions of Project area, facing west Figure 4. Overview of the easternmost portion of Project area, facing west.

Figure 5. Overview of the western portion of the Project area, view north.

Confidential Appendix A, SCIC Records Search Results
Appendix B, Tribal Correspondence
Confidential Appendix C, Updated DPR
cc: Angie Pham, Vanessa Scheidel, Micah Hale, Dudek
7 References
Basgall, M.E. and K.R. McGuire. 1988. The Archaeology of CA-INY-30: Prehistoric Culture Change in the Southern Owens Valley, California. Sacramento, California: California Department of Transportation.

Basgall, M.E., and M.C. Hall. 1993. Archaeology of the Awl Site, CA-SBR-4562, Fort Irwin, San Bernardino County, California. Los Angeles, California: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Basgall, M.E., L. Johnson, and M. Hale. 2002. An Evaluation of Four Archeological Sites in the Lead Mountain Training Area, Marine Air Ground Task Force Training Command, Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center, Twentynine Palms, California. Twentynine Palms, California: Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs, Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center.

Bean, Lowell J., and Florence C. Shipek. 1978. Luiseño. In Handbook of North American Indians: Volume 8, California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 550-563. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC.

Bibb, Leland E. 1976. William Marshall “The Wickedest Man in California”: A Reappraisal. Journal of San Diego History 22:11-25.

To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 22 MARCH 2023

Byrd, B.F. and S.N. Reddy. 2002. “Late Holocene Adaptations along the Northern San Diego Coastline: New Perspectives on Old Paradigms.” In Cultural Complexity on the California Coast: Late Holocene Archaeological and Environmental Records, edited by J.M. Erlandson and T.L. Jones, 41–62. Los Angeles, California: University of California Los Angeles Press.

City of San Marcos. 2004. History of San Marcos. Electronic document, http://www.ci.san-marcos.ca.us/ departments.asp
City of San Marcos General Plan. 2013. Accessed December 1, 2022. https://www.san-marcos.net/ home/showpublisheddocument/636597348039500000 (san-marcos.net) 636597348039500000 City of San Marcos Archaeological and Historical Resources Consultant Guidelines. 2023. Accessed February 28, 2023. 638090369405800000 (san-marcos.net)
Davis, E.L., ed. 1979. The Ancient Californians: Rancholabrean Hunters of the Mojave Lakes Country .

Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Science Series 29.

Gallegos, D.R. 1987. San Dieguito-La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy. San Diego Archaeological Society Research Paper No. 1.

Gallegos, D.R. 1991. “Patterns and Implications of Coastal Settlement in San Diego County: 9000 to 1300 Years Ago.” In Essays on the Prehistory of Maritime California, edited by T.L. Jones, 205–216. Davis, California:

Center for Archaeological Research at Davis Publications No. 10.

Geotek, Inc. 2021. Geotechnical Evaluation, Proposed Commercial Development, Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Drive, San Marcos, California. Prepared for: AOA San Marcos, LLC. 709 Randolph Avenue, Costa Mesa, California, 92626
Grenda, D.R. 1997. “Site Structure, Settlement Systems, and Social Organization at Lake Elsinore, California.” PhD dissertation; Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona.

Griset, S. 1996. Southern California Brown Ware. PhD dissertation; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis.

Hector, S. 2007. Archaeological Investigations at University House Meeting Center and Chancellor Residence, CA-SDI- 4669 (SDM-W-12), University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California. Prepared by ASM Affiliates.

Hale, M. 2001. Technological Organization of the Millingstone Pattern in Southern California. Master’s thesis; CSU Sacramento, California.

Hale, M. 2009. San Diego and Santa Barbara: Socioeconomic Divergence in Southern California. PhD dissertation; University of California, Davis.

MacPhail, E. 1979. The Story of New San Diego and Its Founder Alonzo E. Horton. 2nd ed. San Diego Historical Society.

Moyer, C. 1969. Historic Ranchos of San Diego. Union-Tribune, San Diego.

To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 23 MARCH 2023

NETR (National Environmental Title Research). 2022. Restaurant Row, San Marcos, California. Accessed October 27, 2022. http://www.historicaerials.com/.

Pourade, Richard F. 1964. The Glory Years. Union Tribune Publishing Company, San Diego.

Rogers, M.J. 1929. “The Stone Art of the San Dieguito Plateau.” American Anthropologist 31:454–467.

Rogers, M.J. 1945. “An Outline of Yuman Prehistory.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 1(1):167–198.

Schaefer, Jerry, Stephen Van Wormer, and Susan Walter. 1994. Historic Study Report of Sites CA-SDI-374H, - 11383H, -12272H, -12273H for State Route 125 on Otay Mesa, San Diego County, California. ASM Affiliates, Encinitas, California, On file at the South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University.

Sherman, Lola. 2001. A History of North San Diego County from Mission to Millennium. Heritage Media, Carlsbad, California.

True, D.L. 1980. “The Pauma Complex in Northern San Diego County: 1978.” Journal of New World Archaeology 3(4):1–39.

Van Wormer, Stephen R. 1986a. A History of Jamacha Valley: Agricultural and Community Development in Southern California. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Department of History, San Diego State University.

Van Wormer, Stephen R. 1986b. Beeves and Bees: A History of the Settlement of Pamo Valley, San Diego County.

Southern California Quarterly 68 (Spring):37-64.

Van Wormer, Stephen R. 1987. Historic Architectural Documentation: Piper Ranch House. Regional Environmental Consultants (RECON), San Diego.

Wallace, W.J. 1955. “A Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11:214–230.

Warren, C.N. 1964. Cultural Change and Continuity on the San Diego Coast. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles.

Warren, C.N. 1968. “Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation on the Southern California Coast.” In Archaic Prehistory in the Western United States, edited by C. Irwin-Williams, 1–14. Portales, New Mexico: Eastern New Mexico University Contributions in Anthropology No. 1.

Warren, C.N., G. Siegler, and F. Dittmer. 2004. “Paleoindian and Early Archaic Periods.” Chapter 2 in Prehistoric and Historic Archaeology of Metropolitan San Diego: A Historic Properties Background Study . Prepared for the Metropolitan Wastewater Department, City of San Diego. Prepared by ASM Affiliates. Encinitas, California: ASM Affiliates.

To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763
MARCH 2023

To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763 25 MARCH 2023

To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763
MARCH 2023

FFigure 3 Overview of the eastern and central portions of Project area, facing west.

To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763
MARCH 2023

FFigure 4 Overview of the easternmost portion of Project area, facing west.

To: Mr. Bennett
Subject: Archaeological Resources Inventory Report for the Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California

14763
MARCH 2023

FFigure 5 Overview of the western portion of the Project area, view north.

Confidential Appendix A
SCIC Records Search Results

Appendix B
NAHC Correspondence and Tribal Outreach
Subject:

Attachments:

Figure 1. SLF Records Search Request Map
Email: [email protected]
October 10, 2022
NAHC Staff
Associate Government Program Analyst
Native American Heritage Commission
NAHC Sacred Lands File Records Search Request for the Marcos Specific Plan Project, City of San Marcos,
California
Dear NAHC Staff,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue. The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 square feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10;

7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

Dudek is requesting a NAHC search for any sacred sites or other Native American cultural resources that may fall within the proposed project location or a surrounding one-mile buffer.

Please provide a Contact List with all Native American tribal representatives that may have traditional interests in this parcel or the surrounding search area. The results of this search can be emailed to me at [email protected].

If you have any questions relating to this investi gation, please contact me directly by email or phone.

Regards,
David Faith, M.A., R.P.A.

Archaeologist
DUDEK
Cell: (442) 232-7313
Records Search
Marcos Specific Plan Project
SOURCE: USGS 7.5-Minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles T ownship 12S; Range 3W; Sections 03, 04, 09, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16 Date: 10/6/2022 - Last saved by: agreis - Path: Z:\Projects\j1476801\MAPDOC\DOCUMENT\Cultural\Records_Search_Map.mxd 02 , 0 0 0 1,000
Feet
Study Area
1 Mile Buffer
1:24,000
0 570 285
Meters

STATE OF CALIFORNIA Gavin Newsom, Governor

NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION

November 30, 2022

David Faith
Dudek

Via Email to: [email protected]

Re: Marcos Specific Plan Project, San Diego County

Dear Mr. Faith:

A record search of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File (SLF) was completed for the information you have submitted for the above referenced project. The results were negative. However, the absence of specific site information in the SLF does not indicate the absence of cultural resources in any project area. Other sources of cultural resources should also be contacted for information regarding known and recorded sites.

Attached is a list of Native American tribes who may also have knowledge of cultural resources in the project area. This list should provide a starting place in locating areas of potential adverse impact within the proposed project area. I suggest you contact all of those indicated; if they cannot supply information, they might recommend others with specific knowledge. By contacting all those listed, your organization will be better able to respond to claims of failure to consult with the appropriate tribe. If a response has not been received within two weeks of notification, the Commission requests that you follow-up with a telephone call or email to ensure that the project information has been received.

If you receive notification of change of addresses and phone numbers from tribes, please notify me. With your assistance, we can assure that our lists contain current information.

If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact me at my email address: [email protected].

Sincerely,

Pricilla Torres-Fuentes
Cultural Resources Analyst

Attachment

S
N
D
D

CHAIRPERSON
Laura Miranda
Luiseño

VICE CHAIRPERSON
Reginald Pagaling
Chumash

SECRETARY
Sara Dutschke
Miwok

COMMISSIONER
Isaac Bojorquez
Ohlone-Costanoan

COMMISSIONER
Buffy McQuillen
Yokayo Pomo, Yuki,
Nomlaki

COMMISSIONER
Wayne Nelson
Luiseño

COMMISSIONER
Stanley Rodriguez
Kumeyaay

C

OMMISSIONER
[VAVANT]

C

OMMISSIONER
[VACANT]

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
Raymond C.

Hitchcock
Miwok/Nisenan

NAHC HEADQUARTERS

1550 Harbor Boulevard
Suite 100
West Sacramento,
California 95691
(916) 373-3710
[email protected]
NAHC.ca.gov

Barona Group of the Capitan
Grande
Ra
ymond Welch, Chairperson
1095 Barona Road
Lakeside, CA, 92040
Phone: (619) 443 - 6612
Fax: (619) 443-0681
counciloffice
@barona-nsn.gov
Diegueno
Campo Band of Diegueno
Mission Indians
Ralph Goff, Chairperson
36190 Church Road, Suite 1
Campo, CA, 91906
Phone: (619) 478 - 9046
Fax: (619) 478-5818
r
[email protected]
Diegueno
Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay
Indians
Michael Garcia, Vice Chairperson
4054 Willows Road
Alpine, CA, 91901
Phone: (619) 933 - 2200
Fax: (619) 445-9126
michael
[email protected]
Diegueno
Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay
Indians
Robert Pinto, Chairperson
4054 Willows Road
Alpine, CA, 91901
Phone: (619) 368 - 4382
Fax: (619) 445-9126
[email protected]
Diegueno
Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel
Clint Linton, Director of Cultural
Resources
P.O. Box 507
Santa Ysabel, CA, 92070
Phone: (760) 803 - 5694
clint
@redtailenvironmental.com
Diegueno
Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel
Virgil Perez, Chairperson
P.O. Box 130
Santa Ysabel, CA, 92070
Phone: (760) 765 - 0845
Fax: (760) 765-0320
Diegueno
Inaja-Cosmit Band of Indians
Rebecca Osuna, Chairperson
2005 S. Escondido Blvd.

Escondido, CA, 92025
Phone: (760) 737 - 7628
Fax: (760) 747-8568
Diegueno
Jamul Indian Village
Lisa Cumper, Tribal Historic
Preservation Officer
P.O. Box 612
Jamul, CA, 91935
Phone: (619) 669 - 4855
[email protected]
Diegueno
Jamul Indian Village
Erica Pinto, Chairperson
P.O. Box 612
Jamul, CA, 91935
Phone: (619) 669 - 4785
Fax: (619) 669-4817
epinto
@jiv-nsn.gov
Diegueno
Kwaaymii Laguna Band of
Mission Indians
Carmen Lucas,
P.O. Box 775
Pine Valley, CA, 91962
Phone: (619) 709 - 4207
Kwaaymii
Diegueno
La Jolla Band of Luiseno
Indians
Norma Contreras, Chairperson
22000 Highway 76
Pauma Valley, CA, 92061
Phone: (760) 742 - 3771
Luiseno
La Posta Band of Diegueno
Mission Indians
Gwendol
yn Parada, Chairperson
8 Crestwood Road
Boulevard, CA, 91905
Phone: (619) 478 - 2113
Fax: (619) 478-2125
LP13boots
@aol.com
Diegueno
1 of 3
This list is current only as of the date of this document. Distribution of this list does not relieve any person of statutory responsibility as defined in Section 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code, Section 5097.94 of the Public Resource Section 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code.

This list is only applicable for contacting local Native Americans with regard to cultural resources assessment for the proposed Marcos Specific Plan Project, San Diego County.

PROJ-2022-
007016
11/30/2022 12:56 PM
Native American Heritage Commission
Native American Contact List
San Diego County
11/30/2022
La Posta Band of Diegueno
Mission Indians
Javaughn Miller, Tribal
Administrator
8 Crestwood Road
Boulevard, CA, 91905
Phone: (619) 478 - 2113
Fax: (619) 478-2125
[email protected]
Diegueno
Manzanita Band of Kumeyaay
Nation
Angela Elliott Santos, Chairperson
P.O. Box 1302
Boulevard, CA, 91905
Phone: (619) 766 - 4930
Fax: (619) 766-4957
Diegueno
Mesa Grande Band of Diegueno
Mission Indians
Michael Linton, Chairperson
P.O Box 270
Santa Ysabel, CA, 92070
Phone: (760) 782 - 3818
Fax: (760) 782-9092
mesa
[email protected]
Diegueno
Pala Band of Mission Indians
Shasta Gaughen, Tribal Historic
Preservation Officer
PMB 50, 35008 Pala Temecula
Rd.

Pala, CA, 92059
Phone: (760) 891 - 3515
Fax: (760) 742-3189
s
[email protected]
Cupeno
Luiseno
Pauma Band of Luiseno Indians
Temet Aguilar, Chairperson
P.O. Box 369
Pauma Valley, CA, 92061
Phone: (760) 742 - 1289
Fax: (760) 742-3422
bennaecalac
@aol.com
Luiseno
Pechanga Band of Indians
Paul Macarro, Cultural Resources
Coordinator
P.O. Box 1477
Temecula, CA, 92593
Phone: (951) 770 - 6306
Fax: (951) 506-9491
pmacarro
@pechanga-nsn.gov
Luiseno
Pechanga Band of Indians
Mark Macarro, Chairperson
P.O. Box 1477
Temecula, CA, 92593
Phone: (951) 770 - 6000
Fax: (951) 695-1778
[email protected]
Luiseno
Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians
Bo Mazzetti, Chairperson
One Government Center Lane
Valley Center, CA, 92082
Phone: (760) 749 - 1051
Fax: (760) 749-5144
bomazzetti
@aol.com
Luiseno
Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians
Cheryl Madrigal, Tribal Historic
Preservation Officer
One Government Center Lane
Valley Center, CA, 92082
Phone: (760) 297 - 2635
[email protected]
Luiseno
San Luis Rey Band of Mission
Indians
San Luis Re
y, Tribal Council
1889 Sunset Drive
Vista, CA, 92081
Phone: (760) 724 - 8505
Fax: (760) 724-2172
c
[email protected]
Luiseno
San Luis Rey Band of Mission
Indians
1889 Sunset Drive
Vista, CA, 92081
Phone: (760) 724 - 8505
Fax: (760) 724-2172
c
[email protected]
Luiseno
2 of 3
This list is current only as of the date of this document. Distribution of this list does not relieve any person of statutory responsibility as defined in Section 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code, Section 5097.94 of the Public Resource Section 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code.

This list is only applicable for contacting local Native Americans with regard to cultural resources assessment for the proposed Marcos Specific Plan Project, San Diego County.

PROJ-2022-
007016
11/30/2022 12:56 PM
Native American Heritage Commission
Native American Contact List
San Diego County
11/30/2022
San Pasqual Band of Diegueno
Mission Indians
John Flores, Environmental
Coordinator
P. O. Box 365
Valley Center, CA, 92082
Phone: (760) 749 - 3200
Fax: (760) 749-3876
[email protected]
Diegueno
San Pasqual Band of Diegueno
Mission Indians
Allen Lawson, Chairperson
P.O. Box 365
Valley Center, CA, 92082
Phone: (760) 749 - 3200
Fax: (760) 749-3876
allenl
@sanpasqualtribe.org
Diegueno
Soboba Band of Luiseno
Indians
Isaiah Vivanco, Chairperson
P. O. Box 487
San Jacinto, CA, 92581
Phone: (951) 654 - 5544
Fax: (951) 654-4198
ivivanco
@soboba-nsn.gov
Cahuilla
Luiseno
Soboba Band of Luiseno
Indians
Joseph Ontiveros, Cultural
Resource Department
P.O. BOX 487
San Jacinto, CA, 92581
Phone: (951) 663 - 5279
Fax: (951) 654-4198
[email protected]
Cahuilla
Luiseno
Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay
Nation
Kristie Orosco, Kumeyaay
Resource Specialist
1 Kwaaypaay Court
El Cajon, CA, 92019
Phone: (619) 445 - 6917
Kumeyaay
Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay
Nation
Cod
y Martinez, Chairperson
1 Kwaaypaay Court
El Cajon, CA, 92019
Phone: (619) 445 - 2613
Fax: (619) 445-1927
ssilva
@sycuan-nsn.gov
Kumeyaay
Viejas Band of Kumeyaay
Indians
John Christman, Chairperson
1 Viejas Grade Road
Alpine, CA, 91901
Phone: (619) 445 - 3810
Fax: (619) 445-5337
Diegueno
Viejas Band of Kumeyaay
Indians
Ernest Pingleton, Tribal Historic
Officer, Resource Mana
gement
1 Viejas Grade Road
Alpine, CA, 91901
Phone: (619) 659 - 2314
epin
[email protected]
Diegueno
3 of 3
This list is current only as of the date of this document. Distribution of this list does not relieve any person of statutory responsibility as defined in Section 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code, Section 5097.94 of the Public Resource Section 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code.

This list is only applicable for contacting local Native Americans with regard to cultural resources assessment for the proposed Marcos Specific Plan Project, San Diego County.

PROJ-2022-
007016
11/30/2022 12:56 PM
Native American Heritage Commission
Native American Contact List
San Diego County
11/30/2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. Temet Aguilar, Chairperson
Pauma & Yuima Reservation
P.O. Box 369
Pauma Valley, CA 92061

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Aguilar,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. John Christman, Chairperson
Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians
1 Viejas Grade Rd.

Alpine, CA 91901

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Christman,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Ms. Norma Contreras, Chairperson
La Jolla Band of Mission Indians
22000 Highway 76
Pauma Valley, CA 92061

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Ms. Contreras,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American individuals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Ms. Lisa Cumper, THPO
Jamul Indian Village
P.O. Box 612
Jamul, CA 91935

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Ms. Cumper,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. John Flores, Environmental Coordinator
San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
P.O. Box 365
Valley Center, CA 92082

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Flores,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepared for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. Michael Garcia, Vice Chairperson
Ewiiaapaayp Tribe
4054 Willows Road
Alpine, CA 91901

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Garcia,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 square feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Ms. Shasta Gaughen, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer Pala Band of Mission Indians
35008 Pala Temecula Rd.

Pala, CA 92059

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Ms. Gaughen,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American individuals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. Ralph Goff, Chairperson
Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
36190 Church Road, Suite 1
Campo, CA 91906

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Goff,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. Allen E. Lawson, Chairperson
San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
P.O. Box 365
Valley Center, CA 92082

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Lawson,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would incl ude the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. Clint Linton, Director of Cultural Resources
Ipay Nation of Santa Ysabel
P.O. Box 507
Santa Ysabel, CA 92070

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Linton,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepared for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. Michael Linton, Chairperson
Mesa Grande Band of Dieguneo Mission Indians
P.O. Box 270
Santa Ysabel, CA 92070

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Linton,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 square feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Ms. Carmen Lucas,
Kwaaymii Laguna Band of Mission Indians
P.O. Box 775
Pine Valley, CA 91962

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Ms. Lucas,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail , restaurant, event, studio, gall ery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. Mark Macarro, Chairperson
Pechanga Band of Mission Indians
P.O. Box 1477
Temecula, CA 92593

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Macarro,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. Paul Macarro, Cultural Resources Manager
Pechanga Band of Mission Indians
P.O. Box 1477
Temecula, CA 92593

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Macarro,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 square feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Ms. Cheryl Madrigal, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer Rincon Band of Mission Indians
One Governement Center Lane
Valley Center, CA 92082

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Ms. Madrigal,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the devel opment of 102,000 square feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepared for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. Cody Martinez, Chairperson
Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation
1 Kwaaypaay Court
El Cajon, CA 92019

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Martinez,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 square feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. Bo Mazzetti, Chairperson
Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians
1 Government Center Lane
Valley Center, CA 92082

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Mazzetti,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Ms. Javaughn Miller, Tribal Administrator
La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
8 Crestwood Rd.

Boulevard, CA 91905

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Ms. Miller,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The propose d Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. Joseph Ontiveros, Cultural Resource Department
Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians
P.O. Box 487
San Jacinto, CA 92581

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Ontiveros,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the devel opment of 102,000 square feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Ms. Kristie Orosco, Resource Specialist
Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation
1 Kwaaypaay Court
El Cajon, CA 92019

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Ms. Orosco,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Ms. Rebecca Osuna, Chairperson
Inaja-Cosmit Band of Indians
2005 S. Escondido Blvd.

Escondido, CA 92025

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Ms. Osuna,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Ms. Gwendolyn Parada, Chairperson
La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
8 Crestwood Rd.

Boulevard, CA 91905

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Ms. Parada,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The propose d Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. Virgil Perez, Chairperson
Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel
P.O. Box 130
Santa Ysabel, CA 92070

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Perez,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. Ernest Pingleton, Tribal Historic Officer
Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians
1 Viejas Grade Rd.

Alpine, CA 91901

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Pingleton,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Ms. Erica Pinto, Chairperson
Jamul Indian Village
P.O. Box 612
Jamul, CA 91935

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Ms. Pinto,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, st udio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American individu als and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Ms. Angela Elliott Santos, Chairperson
Manzanita Band of Kumeyaay Nation
P.O. Box 1302
Boulevard, CA 91905

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Ms. Santos,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The propose d Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Mr. Isaiah Vivanco, Chairperson
Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians
P.O. Box 487
San Jacinto, CA 92581

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear Mr. Vivanco,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Cultural Department ,
San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians
1889 Sunset Dr.

Vista, CA 92081

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear ,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propose d project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

December 13, 2022
Tribal Council ,
San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians
1889 Sunset Dr.

Vista, CA 92081

Subject: Information Request for the Sa n Marcos Specific Plan Project in San Marcos, California
Dear ,
The Marcos Specific Plan Project is being proposed in the city of San Marcos, San Diego County, California. The proposed Project is located at the corner of Grand Avenue and Linda Vista Avenue.

The proposed Project would include the development of 102,000 squa re feet of commercial uses consisting of office, retail, restaurant, event, studio, gallery, and creative spaces with outdoor walkways and patios. The proposed Project area comprises approximately 6.54 acres. This area falls within the following PLSS area: Township12S/Range 3W, Section 10; 7.5-minute Series San Marcos, Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangles, CA 1:24,000 USGS maps (Figure 1).

As part of the cultural resources study prepare d for the proposed project, Dudek contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American indivi duals and/or tribal organizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the proposed project area. The NAHC emailed a response on November 30, 2022, which stated that the SLF search did not identify the presence of Native American cultural resources in the immediate project area.

The NAHC recommended that we contact you regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the propos ed project area, please contact me directly at (760) 479-4855 or at [email protected] within 30 days of receipt of this letter.

Please note that this letter does not constitute Assem bly Bill (AB) 52 notification or initiation of consultation. AB 52 is a process between the lead agency and California Native American Tribes concerning potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. Tribes that wish to be notified of projects for the purposes of AB 52 must contact the lead agency, City of San Marcos, in writing (pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1 (b)).

14763
2 November 2022
Respectfully,

_____________________
David Faith, M.A., RPA
Archaeologist
DUDEK
Email:[email protected]
Attachments: Figure 1. Records search area Map.

14763
3 November 2022

TRIBAL COUNCIL

Stephen W. Cope
Tribal Chairman

Victoria Diaz

Vice Chair

Jenny Alto
Secretary-Treasurer

Roberta Cameron
Councilmember

Joyce L. Stein
Councilmember

January 13, 2023

DUDEK

David Faith M.A., RPA
Archaeologist

RE: San Marcos Specific Plan

Dear Mr. Faith,

The San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians Tribal Historic Preservation Office has received your notification of the project referenced above. This letter constitutes our response on behalf of Desiree M. Whitman THPO of the San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Indians.

We have consulted our maps and determined that the project as described is not within the boundaries of the recognized San Pasqual Indian Reservation. It is, however, within the boundaries of the territory that the tribe considers its Traditional Use
Area (TUA). Furthermore, As the project progresses, we would like to engage in formal government-to-government consultation under AB-52 so that San Pasqual can have a voice in the development of the measures that will be taken to protect these sites and mitigate any adverse impacts. We would appreciate being given access to any cultural resource reports that have been or will be generated during the environmental review process so we can contribute most effectively to the consultation process.

We appreciate your involvement with your initiative and look forward to working with you on future efforts. If you have questions or need additional information, please do not hesitate to contact me by telephone at 760-651-5142 or [email protected]

Sincerely,

Angelina Gutierrez
Tribal Historic Preservation Office, Deputy THPO/Monitor Supervisor San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians

Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians

CULTURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
One Government Center Lane | Valley Center | CA 92082 (760) 749-1092 | Fax: (760) 749-8901 | rincon-nsn.gov

Bo Mazzetti
Chairman
Tishmall Turner
Vice Chair
Laurie E. Gonzalez
Council Member
John Constantino
Council Member
Joseph Linton
Council Member
February 21, 2023

Sent via email: [email protected]
City of San Marcos
Joseph Farace
Planning Division
1 Civic Center Drive
San Marcos, CA 92069

Re: SP22-0003 San Marcos Specific Plan Project

Dear Mr. Farace,

This letter is written on behalf of the Rincon Band of Luis eño Indians (“Rincon Band” or “Tribe”), a federally recognized Indian tribe and sovereign government. Thank you for consulting with the Tribe on the above-mentioned project and providing us with Dudek ’s Cultural Resources Phase I Inventory Report for the San Marcos Specific Plan Project (Project).

The Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians Tribal Historic Preservation Office (THPO) has reviewed the provided documents and agrees with the proposed measures, whic h include archaeological and tribal monitoring, a monitoring report, and protocols for discovery of cultural material and human remains including reburial of cultural materials on-site. The THPO has no further comments or concerns regarding this project and can conclude consultation at this time. We do ask that if the project pl ans for this project changes, that you please notify the Rincon Band. In addition, we request a copy of the final monitoring report, when available and ask that Rincon be afforded the opportunity to monitor the ground disturbances associated with this project.

The Rincon Band reserves its right to continue to fully participate in the environmental review process and to review and submit additional information during the public review process. If you have additional questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact our office at your convenience at (760) 749 1092 ext. 323 or via electronic mail at [email protected]. Thank you for the opportunity to protect our cultural heritage.

Sincerely,

Cheryl Madrigal
Tribal Historic Preservation Officer
Cultural Resources Manager

SAN LUIS REY BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
1889 Sunset Drive • Vista, California 92081
760-724-8505 • FAX 760-724-2172
www.slrmissionindians.org
June 1, 2023
Joseph Farace
Planning Division Director VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL
City of San Marcos [email protected]
201 North Broadway
Escondido, CA 92025
RE: Confidential Communication Pursuant to California Public Resources Code section 21080.3.1 for MARCOs SP (APNs 760-248-07-00, 760-248-06-00, 760-248-02-00, 760-248-19-00, 219-152-14-00, 219-152-40-00, 219-152-61-00, 760-248-43-00, 219-152-42-00, 219-152-45-00, and 219-152-44-00) – Request to Conclude Consultation Between the City of San Marcos and SLR Dear Mr. Farace:

This letter is in reference to the City of San Marcos and the San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians (“SLR”) continued consultation for the MARCOs ( PN 3637-SD) Project. This is a confidential communication between the City and SLR and should not be shared and/or duplicated without SLR’s expressed written consent.

Thank you for providing SLR with the proposed mitigation measures for tribal cultural resources (APNs 760-248-07-00, 760-248-06-00, 760-248-02-00, 760-248-19-00, 219-152-14-00, 219-152-40-00, 219-152-61-00, 760-248-43-00, 219-152-42-00, 219-152-45-00, and 219-152-44-00) for the project’s environmental document. The Tribe has reviewed the mitigation measures and concurs with the City that they adequately address the Tribe’s concerns as discussed during our previous consultations and are culturally-appropriate as required by CEQA.

If the aforementioned mitigation measures will be the recommended mitigation measures for tribal cultural resources for this Project, then the San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians respectfully requests to conclude consultation pursuant to SB 18. If, however, the City will not recommend the aforementioned mitigation measures in their entirety to the City’s decision-making body, then please immediately contact me at 760.917-1736 for a continued consultation meeting.

Sincerely,
Cami Mojado
Cultural Resources Manager
San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians

Confidential Appendix C
Updated DPR