Santa Cruz City Council
April 22, 2025

PUBLIC SAFETY

IMPACT FEE
Fire and Police

ABSTRACT
Methodology used to establish
the City of Santa Cruz Public
Safety Impact Fee.

April 13, 2021

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Credits and Acknowledgements
Fees by the Sea Action Lab, 2019:

Lead by Tiffany Wise-West
Nicole Dennis
Filipina Warren
Dan Flippo
Jason Hajduk
Paul Horvat
Susie O’Hara
Coordination/Report Development: Sara De Leon, Principal Management Analyst, Planning & Community Development
Data Collection
Public Works: Lilian Lane, Dan Himan, Filipina Warren
IT: Richard Westfall
Fire: Robert Oatey, Robert Young
Police: Patricia Dodge, John Mitchel
Planning: Lee Butler and Eric Marlatt
Analytical Support
Keyser Marston & Associates, Debbie Kern
Economic & Planning Systems, Inc., Ellen Martin
Legal Counsel
Ashley Wheelock

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Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 3 Executive Summary................................................................................................................................................ 3 Purpose .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Establishment of Public Safety Impact Fee............................................................................................................ 3 Report Organization............................................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2: Service Population and Employee and Development Assumptions........................................................ 4 Existing and Planned Service Area, Population, and Employment.................................................................... 5 Chapter 3: Existing and Planned Facilities, Apparatuses, Vehicles, and Equipment ................................................. 6 Fire Services Program Fee...................................................................................................................................... 7 Background ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 Service Standard ................................................................................................................................................ 7 Existing and Planned Facilities ........................................................................................................................... 8 Existing and Planned Apparatus, Vehicles, and Equipment............................................................................... 8 Police Services Program Fee ....................................................................................................................................12 Background ......................................................................................................................................................12 Service Standard ..............................................................................................................................................12 Existing and Planned Facilities .........................................................................................................................12 Existing and Planned Vehicles and Equipment ................................................................................................14 Chapter 4: Cost Allocation .......................................................................................................................................15 Public Safety Impact Fee Calculation ...................................................................................................................16 Chapter 5: Implementation......................................................................................................................................17 Applicability of Fee Program................................................................................................................................18 Fee Exemptions and Credits................................................................................................................................. 18 Periodic Inflation Adjustment and Fee Review....................................................................................................19 Fee Administration...............................................................................................................................................19 Five-Year Review..................................................................................................................................................19 Authority ..............................................................................................................................................................20 Chapter 6: Summary of Nexus Findings...................................................................................................................20 Purpose of Fee .....................................................................................................................................................20 Use of Fees...........................................................................................................................................................20 Relationship between Use of Fees and Type of Development............................................................................20 Relationship between Need for Facility and Type of Project...............................................................................21 Relationship between Amount of Fees and Cost of or Portion of Facility Attributed to Development on which Fee is Imposed .....................................................................................................................................................21 Appendices...............................................................................................................................................................21

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Chapter 1: Introduction
Executive Summary
The City of Santa Cruz prepared the Public Safety Impact Fee Nexus Study (Nexus Study) to analyze the impacts of future development on capital facilities and equipment used to provide police and fire services, and to calculate impact fees for future development based on that analysis. This report documents the data, assumptions, methodology, and analysis used to establish the maximum justified Public Safety Impact fee for fire and police.

The methods used to calculate impact fees for this study are intended to satisfy all legal requirements governing such fees, including provisions of the U.S. Constitution, the California Constitution, and the California Mitigation Fee Act (Governing Code §§ 66000 et seq.).

Purpose
The purpose of this Nexus Study is to establish the legally required nexus (or reasonable relationship) between the City’s projected residential population and employment (service population or persons served) in 2030 and the fire and police facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment that will be required to serve those residents and employees.

The nexus requirements for imposing development impact fees were established under Assembly Bill 1600 (AB 1600) legislation, as codified by the Mitigation Fee Act (California Government Code section 66000 et.seq.). This section of the Mitigation Fee Act sets forth the procedural requirements establishing and collecting development impact fees. These procedures require that a “reasonable relationship, or nexus, must exist between a governmental exaction and the purpose of the condition.” Specifically, each local agency imposing a fee must perform the following tasks:
• Identify the purpose of the fee.
• Identify how the fee is to be used.
• Determine how a reasonable relationship exists between the fee’s use and the type of development project on which the fee is imposed.
• Determine how a reasonable relationship exists between the need for the public facility and the type of development project on which the fee is imposed.
• Demonstrate a reasonable relationship between the amount of the fee and the cost of the public facilities or portion of the public facilities attributable to development on which the fee is imposed.

Further, fees shall not include the costs attributable to existing deficiencies in public facilities but may include the costs attributable to the increased demand for public facilities reasonably related to the development project to (1) refurbish existing facilities to maintain the existing level of service or (2) achieve an adopted level of service that is consistent with the City’s General Plan.

Establishment of Public Safety Impact Fee
The proposed Public Safety Impact Fee is based on the allocation of fire and police facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment costs to the projected City residential and employee population in the General Plan Horizon year 2030. This Nexus Study serves as the basis for establishing the estimated Public Safety Impact Fee charged to new development to fund new facilities or facility expansion, and apparatus, vehicle, and equipment acquisition needed to serve new development. The Public Safety Impact Fee uses a service standard approach, identifying existing and planned facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment needed to maintain existing

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service levels as new residents and employees are added to the City. In certain cases, additional facilities needed to serve existing and planned development are also identified. The fee will not fund construction of capital facility improvements required to cure existing level-of-service deficiencies.

Table 1 summarizes the proposed Public Safety Impact Fee for the City of Santa Cruz Fire Department (City Fire) and Police Department (SCPD). The fees are collected per square foot for residential and non-residential uses; however, there is a per-dwelling-unit maximum that cannot be exceeded for single-family and multi-family residential development. The fee also includes a base amount and a 2-percent administrative component for the City to administer the fee.

Report Organization
This report is divided into six chapters and an appendices section:
• Chapter 1 includes this Introduction.
• Chapter 2 details the estimated population and employment projections. • Chapter 3 describes existing and planned fire and police facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment used to calculate the maximum justified Public Safety Impact Fee. • Chapter 4 provides the cost allocation methodology and calculates the Public Safety Impact Fee. • Chapter 5 describes how the Public Safety Impact Fee program will be implemented and updated. • Chapter 6 provides the nexus findings for the Public Safety Impact Fee program.

Chapter 2: Service Population and Employee and Development Assumptions Introduction
Population and employment projections are a significant variable used in this Nexus Study. The base Public Safety Impact Fee is established by allocating the costs of the facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment needed to serve the City in 2030 to the total projected residents and employees in 2030, estimating costs factors per resident and per employee, then using density factors to estimate fees to charge to new development. This chapter presents population and employment estimates for 2020-2030, as well as density factors used to establish the fees for the various land uses.

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Existing and Planned Service Area, Population, and Employment The service area considered in this Nexus Study is the City limits of the City of Santa Cruz and unincorporated land in the Carbonera neighborhood near Highway 17 (Map 1). An additional 99 residents were included in the City’s existing population to account for services provided to the Carbonera neighborhood.

Table 2 summarizes the population and employment estimates for 2020-2030 and anticipated growth (projected persons served) between 2020 and 2030. Additionally, Table 2 provides the weighted factor used per resident and employee. This weight factor
calculation assumes the impact of an
employee is .5 of that of a resident. The
use of the weighted factor in the fee
calculation is seen in Table 1A, Table A,
and Table B reflecting a weighted 2030
employees served population.

For purposes of the facility, apparatus,
vehicle, and equipment cost allocation,
the total number of projected persons
served is adjusted to reflect the smaller
demand for facilities and equipment by an
employee as it relates to the demand for
the facilities and equipment generated by
a resident. One employee is assumed to
equal 0.5 residents.

Table 2 includes a detailed accounting of
the sources of the population and employment data, which include the following:
• City of Santa Cruz 2030 General Plan
• Population Data from the California Department of Finance (DOF) • Employment Data as provided by Keyser Marston Associates • AMBAG 2018 Regional Growth Forecast

DEVELOPMENT ASSUMPTIONS
The Public Safety Impact Fee is assessed on several subcategories of new residential and non-residential development. The fees are established by allocating costs to residents and employees, establishing a cost per resident and a cost per employee, and then using density factors to convert those costs to fees per dwelling unit or 1,000 square foot.

Table 3 shows the density assumptions used to establish the proposed Public Safety Impact Fee. For the residential land uses, persons-per-dwelling-unit factors were used to calculate the maximum justified fee per dwelling unit, which was then converted to a per sq. ft. charge. The per sq. ft. charge for residential single and multi-family development was calculated based on the assumptions in Table 3A. Dwelling unit charges were divided by the average square footage of a single- family dwelling and multi-family dwelling typical for the City of Santa Cruz. Dwelling units will pay the fees based on square footage up to the maximum per dwelling unit fee established in Table 1. For the non-residential uses, building-square-feet-per-employee factors were used in the fee calculations to determine a cost per 1,000 sq. ft. which is also reported and will be charged on a per sq. ft. basis.

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Chapter 3: Existing and Planned Facilities, Apparatuses, Vehicles, and Equipment
The City provides fire and police services through an existing portfolio of facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment. This Nexus Study identifies existing and planned facilities needed to serve existing and planned development through 2030. This chapter details the costs of all existing and planned facility, apparatus, vehicle and equipment for City Fire and SCPD. Table 4 summarizes fee program costs.

Replacement costs were estimated for existing facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment. It was unclear at the time of this Nexus Study whether police facilities were currently financed, so financing costs for facilities were left out. Inventories of planned facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment needed to serve development through 2030 were established based on existing levels of service as well as input by the City Fire with regard to facilities needed beyond existing fire stations apparatus, and equipment. Where possible, cost estimates were based on the City FY2021-2025 and FY2022-2026 Capital Investment Plan (CIP). Where cost data

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was not readily available, was not included in the CIP, or better data was available based on updated information, then the City used comparable cost data from other jurisdictions or data from past City purchases.

All costs in this Nexus Study are based on the best available cost estimates at this time. If costs change significantly, or if other funding sources become available, the cost estimates and fees will be adjusted accordingly. The City periodically will conduct a review of improvement costs and will make necessary adjustments to the fees.

Fire Services Program Fee
Table 5 summarizes the existing and planned Fire facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment and associated costs. The total cost estimate of $33.5 million includes approximately $24 million for existing facilities, apparatuses, vehicles and equipment and $9.5 million for planned facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment.

Background
City Fire provides emergency response services to all residents and visitors twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week from four (4) fire stations strategically located throughout the City to ensure arrival of the first response unit within 5 minutes 90 percent of the time (General Plan 2030 HZ1.2.2). As of FY 2020-2021, the department responds to over 8,500 calls per year with an authorized budget of $15.2 million and a total of sixty-six (66) fulltime personnel. Personnel responds to structure fires, emergency medical incidents, technical rescues, water rescues, hazardous materials incidents, automobile incident, wildland fires; is responsible for the Emergency Operation Center when needed, provides mutual aid to other local and State agencies, and responds to citizen requests. The Santa Cruz Fire Department uses a dynamic deployment model where units are strategically relocated throughout the City as other units are committed to emergencies to facilitate equality of service (response time) for the next emergency incident. Further, multiple fire department resources are often required to resolve emergency incidents and to prevent further escalation. For these reasons, this study reasonably assumes that all fire departments resources serve all types of development throughout the City, both current and future.

Service Standard
Service level for fire protection is generally defined in terms of response times for the first arriving unit, and for other personnel and equipment needed to provide an effective response to various types of emergencies. The ability to respond in a timely and effective manner depends to a large extent on the availability and location of fire stations, equipment, and personnel within the service area. Fire facilities are located in a manner to ensure adequate coverage and mutual aid thereby functioning as an integrated network of services. Therefore, all

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existing and planned facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment are needed to serve existing and planned development. The City’s service standard for arrival of the first fire response unit is 5 minutes or less from receipt of a 9-1-1 call or alarm, 90 percent of the time.

Existing and Planned Facilities
Table 6 details the existing and planned Fire facilities and associated costs.

City Fire currently operates out of four (4) existing fire stations, a Lifeguard Headquarters, and an Administrative Building. Facility generators are also a critical piece of facility infrastructure used to maintain services in the events of major power outages, and have also been included in the existing facility list. Existing facility cost estimates include replacement construction costs only – land acquisition costs are not included. The construction cost of $630 per building square foot was based on a review of fire station construction provided by Economic & Planning Systems, Inc. (EPS) as well one neighboring facility – a recently built fire station in the City of San Jose. While many jurisdictions had costs exceeding $630 per sq. ft., the City has opted to apply a lower end of the spectrum (Appendix B). Additionally, Fire Station 4 is listed but does not include cost since the facility is owned by the University of Santa Cruz and leased by the City. Also, cost and square footage for the Lifeguard headquarters was not included in the existing service standard development since it is pending a replacement per the FY2021-2025 City CIP. The replacement facilities are included in the planned facility list discussed below.

As the City continues to grow, City staff anticipates additional fire facilities, apparatuses, vehicles and equipment will be required to serve new residents, businesses, and employees. The City intends to expand fire facilities to accommodate additional fire and police services required to meet the demands generated by new development.

For the purpose of this Nexus Study, planned fire stations, the administrative building, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment requirements for planned development are based on the existing level of service provided. City staff applied the current facility square footage per persons served to the projected planned persons served within the Public Safety Impact Fee service area anticipated through buildout of the 2030 General Plan. As shown in Table A, this calculation results in a planned, incremental facility requirement of:
• Approximately 2,996 additional fire facility square feet within the service area In addition to these incremental facility needs, unmet facility needs beyond the current level of service were also identified where appropriate, including:
• Marine Safety Headquarters
• New Training Center
• Fire Station #2 (Eastside) Exercise & Storage Area
• Expansion of Fire Station #3 Apparatus Bay
Existing and Planned Apparatus, Vehicles, and Equipment Table 7 details existing apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment and associated costs. As shown on this table, City Fire has several different types of apparatuses and vehicles, including fire engines, trucks and sports utility vehicles, Aerial Ladder trucks, and other specialized vehicles. Additionally, City Fire provides self-contained breathing apparatuses for all firefighters, and ECG and radio equipment for engines. All unit costs in this table were provided by the City Fire based on costs placed in the FY 2021- 2025 and FY2022-2026 CIP and best available data.

Additional fire personnel also will require additional fire apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment. Applying the level or service standards discussed above to the number of projected persons served generates planned, incremental fire fleet needs, shown in Table A, attributable to new development within the service area. Table A identifies incremental apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment needed to serve new development based on the existing level of service.

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Police Services Program Fee
Table 8 summarizes the existing
and planned police facilities,
vehicles, and equipment and
associated costs. The total cost
estimate of $33.9 million which
includes $30.3 million for
existing facilities, vehicles, and
equipment and $3.6 million for
planned facilities, vehicles, and
equipment.

Background
SCPD provides protection and
law enforcement services to the
community. SCPD’s primary
objective is to reduce crime as
well as the perception of crime
and fear through a commitment
to Community Oriented Policing and Problem Solving. This includes the prevention of crime; detection and apprehension of offenders; the safe and orderly movement of traffic through traffic law enforcement accident prevention and investigation; ensuring public safety through regulation and control of hazardous conditions; the recovery and return of lost and stolen property; and the provision of nonenforcement services through programs reflecting community priorities.

Service Standard
Although many SCPD field resources are assigned to a specific geographic “beat”, service demand frequently requires them to leave their assigned beat to assist other officers or to answer calls for service. Other SCPD resources, including administration, investigations, animal and technical services serve the City at large. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that all police resources serve all types of development throughout the City, both current and future. The SCPD Headquarters is located in a manner to ensure adequate coverage throughout the City. All existing and planned facilities, vehicles, and equipment are needed to serve existing and planned development.

Existing and Planned Facilities
Table 9 details existing and planned facilities for SCPD. SCPD currently serves City residents, businesses, and visitors from a 46,000 square foot headquarters facility located at 155 Center Street, Santa Cruz.

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Table B identifies incremental facilities, vehicles, and equipment needed to serve new development based on the existing level of service. Based on existing facilities and the projected growth of residents and employees, a total of $3,193,340 will be necessary to maintain service standards for existing and future growth. Funds could be used to expand the current facility or perhaps manage satellite expanded locations throughout the City.

Existing and Planned Vehicles and Equipment
Table 10 details the existing SCPD vehicles and equipment and associated costs. As shown on this table, the SCPD has a number of different types of vehicles, including patrol cars, unmarked cars, and patrol motorcycles. Additionally, the SCPD provides sets of officer equipment for all police officers. The number of equipment sets shown on Table 10 is based on the number of uniformed police officers budgeted for fiscal year 2021.

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Chapter 4: Cost Allocation
This section describes the methodology used to allocate total costs of developing fire and police facilities and acquiring apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment to existing and planned residential and nonresidential land uses to calculate the maximum justifiable fire and police fee component per unit and per 1,000 nonresidential square feet.

The service level standards are based on the residential and employee population of the City and similarly are allocated to both residential and nonresidential development. Total costs are allocated to both existing and planned development reflecting that fire and police facilities offer an integrated network of public safety services and all facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment will serve existing and planned development. The cost allocation approach used in this Nexus Study derives the fair share of costs of fire and police facilities, apparatuses, vehicles and equipment for both existing and planned development.

For purposes of the cost allocation, the total number of employees is adjusted to reflect the smaller demand for fire and police services by an employee as it relates to the demand for the facilities generated by a resident. One employee is assumed to equal 0.5 residents.

Applying this factor to the projected future 46,153 employees creates an adjusted, resident-equivalent, future employee population of approximately 23,077 employees. Adding this figure to the projected future residential population of roughly 72,787 residents’ results in a total of approximately 95,864 persons served in 2030.

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Existing fire and police facility, apparatus, vehicle, and equipment costs were determined by reviewing the existing inventory for fire and police. Using the best available data paired with a conservative cost approach, staff allocated replacement costs for all facilities, apparatuses, vehicles and equipment to determine the existing value of all capital assets for fire and police (Table 5 and Table 8). Planned incremental costs were determined by establishing the existing standard of facilities, apparatuses, vehicles and equipment and using that standard to allocate the number of additional capital assets (whether square footage of new/expanded facilities, or additional vehicles) needed based on additional persons served (Table A and Table B). Additional unmet facility needs beyond the current level of service were also identified where appropriate. The costs are then allocated to existing and planned development by distributing the total costs over the projected 2030 persons-served population to determine the cost per resident and employee shown in Table 1-A.

Public Safety Impact Fee Calculation
Based on the persons-served calculation discussed above, total existing and planned fire and police facility, apparatus, vehicles, and equipment costs are apportioned to existing and planned residential and nonresidential development to derive a maximum justifiable fee per residential unit and nonresidential 1,000 building square feet. Dividing the total existing and planned facility, apparatus, vehicle and equipment costs for City Fire of $33.5 million by the projected 2030 persons-served population results in a cost of $350 per resident served for City Fire and $354 per resident for SCPD. Costs per employee are $175 per employee for fire services and $177 for police services.

The cost per resident or per employee is then applied to the persons per unit (residential land uses, G)) or employees per 1,000 square feet (nonresidential land uses, see H in Table 1) to derive the Public Safety Impact Fee cost allocation for each land use category, as depicted in Table 1. Adding a 2-percent administration charge generates the total maximum justifiable public safety impact fee for each land use category.

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The City has determined to charge the Public Safety Impact Fee on a per square foot basis for residential and nonresidential land uses. For residential single-family we multiplied the average person per household by the fee per resident served (Fire: 2.36x$350) resulting in a fee per single-family residential unit, $842, which includes a 2% administrative fee and is the maximum justified fee for single-family residential units. The City then divided the maximum justifiable fee by 1,597, the average square footage per single-family unit to derive a per square foot fee amount for single-family residential. The City has determined to implement fees based on the lesser of the square footage fee amount or the maximum justifiable fee. The City used the same approach for multi-family residential. The source for the average square foot per multi-family unit is indicated in Table 3A and Appendix E shows how the single-family unit average was derived.

The nonresidential fee is calculated per 1,000 sq. ft. based on employment density factors for each nonresidential land use category (Retail, Office, Industrial, and Hotel) and is reported and will be charged on a per sq. ft. basis. For nonresidential the cost per employee is multiplied by the number of employees per 1,000 sq. ft. resulting in the fee per 1,000 square feet.

Chapter 5: Implementation
The Public Safety Impact fee presented in this 2021 Nexus Study is based on the best cost estimates and land use information available at this time. If costs, development projections, or funding sources other than development impact fees change significantly, the fees should be adjusted accordingly.

The proposed Public Safety Impact Fee schedule must be adopted by the City Council. The fees will be effective sixty (60) days following final action on the adoption of this 2021 Nexus Study, the ordinance authorizing collection of the Public Safety Impact Fee, and the fee resolution establishing the fees.

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The City should conduct periodic reviews of the estimated development, existing and planned facility, apparatus, vehicle, and equipment costs, and associated funding sources. Based on these reviews, the City should make necessary adjustments to the fees. Each year the City should apply an appropriate inflation adjustment factor to the fees to reflect changes in construction costs.

Applicability of Fee Program
Once the Public Safety Impact Fee takes effect, the fees will be collected from all new residential and nonresidential development within the boundary of the City prior to building permit issuance. The fees for residential development are based on the heated, livable square footage of the structure(s), which would not include garages, covered patios, carports, etc. Nonresidential development is based on new/expanded square footage for different occupancy types such as retail, office, industrial, and hotel.

The term “new development” as used in this Nexus Study includes the heated/livable square footage of additions and/or modifications to existing residential and nonresidential development as long as the addition/modifications results in an increase in square footage.

Fee Exemptions and Credits
The following types of development are specifically exempt from the Public Safety Impact Fee programs:

The following exemptions from the requirements for fees and exactions are imposed:
1) Any type of project determined by the City Council to have a reduced or insignificant Public Safety impact as per section 18.49.070.
2) Repairs or Replacement. The repair, remodel, modification, reconstruction or replacement of a residential or nonresidential building substantially equivalent to the preexisting building.

Additional square footage beyond pre-existing amount is not exempt. 3) Accessory Dwelling Units and Junior Accessory Dwelling Units. 4) Public Project. Projects undertaken by a public agency, except projects undertaken by a private developer on public property, and except property not used exclusively for a governmental purpose.
5) Project with Complete Application on Effective Date of Ordinance. Project for which an application for permit was complete prior to the effective date of the ordinance codified in this section, except for any project which is required to comply with these measures pursuant to the provisions of a development agreement.

Change of use is entitled to an offset or a credit:
1) If a project is changing its use, a credit in the amount offsetting the impact of its prior use shall be applied. For example, a development project converting existing hotel square footage into residential multi-family will have the fee for the proposed (including any addition) multi-family calculated and the fee for the existing hotel space calculated, and the existing hotel space will be credited against the new multi-family fee use. In the event that the credit exceeds the new fee, the fee shall be zero.

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2) No credits or exemptions will be given to properties that have been vacant for more than three years (3) by the time of applying for building permit.

Periodic Inflation Adjustment and Fee Review
The Public Safety Impact Fee schedule should be adjusted annually to account for cost inflation. It is recommended that the Public Safety Impact Fee be automatically adjusted effective January 1 of each year beginning on January 1, 2022. The adjustment will be based on the year-over-year percentage change in the 20-City Construction Cost Index (CCI) as reported in the Engineering News Record (ENR) for the 12-month period ending October the prior year. In addition, the Public Safety Impact Fee is subject to periodic adjustment based on changes in developable land, cost estimates, or other funding sources. The City should review the Public Safety Impact Fee periodically to determine if any adjustments to the fee is warranted. This review should include:
• Changes to the required facilities, apparatus, vehicles or equipment listed in the fee program or the City’s CIP.
• Changes in the cost to update or administer the fees. • Changes in costs due to inflation.
• Changes in assumed development.
• Changes in other funding sources.

Any proposed changes to the Public Safety Impact Fee based on the periodic review must be presented to City Council prior to any adjustment of the fee.

Fee Administration
The Public Safety Impact Fee will be collected from new development within the City at the time of building permit issuance; however, use of these funds may need to wait until a sufficient fund balance can be accrued. Per Government Code Section 66006, the City is required to deposit, invest, account for, and expend the fees in a prescribed manner.

Five-Year Review
By the fifth fiscal year following the first deposit into the Fire Fee and Police Fee accounts or funds, and every five years thereafter, the City is required to make all of the following findings with respect to that portion of the account or fund remaining unexpended:
• Identify the purpose of the fee.
• Demonstrate a reasonable relationship between the fee and the purpose for which it is charged. • Identify all sources and amounts of funding anticipated to complete financing for incomplete fire and police protection improvements.
• Designate the approximate dates that the funding referred to above is expected to be deposited in the appropriate account or fund.

The City must refund the unexpended or uncommitted revenue portion for which a need could not be demonstrated in the above findings, unless the administrative costs exceed the amount of the refund.

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Authority
This report has been prepared to establish the Fire Fee and Police Fee in accordance with the procedural guidelines established in AB 1600, which is codified in California Government Section 66000 et. seq. This code section sets forth the procedural requirements for establishing and collecting development impact fees. The procedures require that a “reasonable relationship or nexus must exist between a governmental exaction and the purpose of the condition.”i Specifically, each local agency imposing a fee must:
• Identify the purpose of the fee.
• Identify how the fee is to be used.
• Determine how a reasonable relationship exists between the fee’s use and the type of development project on which the fee is imposed.
• Determine how a reasonable relationship exists between the need for the public facility and the type of development project on which the fee is imposed. • Demonstrate a reasonable relationship between the amount of the fee and the cost of the public facility or portion of the public facility attributable to the development on which the fee is imposed.

Chapter 6: Summary of Nexus Findings
The development impact fees to be collected for each land use are calculated based on the proportionate share of the total facility use that each land use represents. With this approach, the following findings are made concerning the Public Safety Impact Fee.

Purpose of Fee
The Public Safety Impact Fee established through this 2021 Nexus Study will fund the new fire and police facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment necessary to serve new residential and nonresidential development in the City. New development in the City will increase the service population and, therefore, the need for new fire and police facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment to adequately serve the new residents and employees.

Use of Fees
Fire Fee and Police Fee revenue will be used to construct new development’s proportionate share of fire and police buildings and equipment, as well as to acquire fire and police vehicles and equipment necessitated by new development. It also will be used to plan for and design fire and police facilities and fund the studies and administration needed to support the programs.

Relationship between Use of Fees and Type of Development The development of new residential and nonresidential land uses in the City will generate the need for additional fire and police personnel, facilities, vehicles, and equipment. The Public Safety Impact Fee revenue will be used to construct and expand facilities and to acquire vehicles and equipment needed to serve new residents and employees.

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Relationship between Need for Facility and Type of Project Each new residential and nonresidential development project will generate additional demand for fire and police services and personnel. Additional personnel will be housed in future fire and police stations and require support vehicles and equipment to serve additional demand generated by new residents and employees.

Relationship between Amount of Fees and Cost of or Portion of Facility Attributed to Development on which Fee is Imposed
The costs of fire and police facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment needed to serve existing and planned development were split between existing and planned residential and nonresidential uses based weighted persons served factors. These costs were converted to costs per dwelling unit and 1,000 nonresidential building square feet by land use using an appropriate common use factor for each land use type. The common use factor for each residential land use is the number of persons per household for single and multi-family residential. The common use factor for each nonresidential land use is the number of employees per thousand building square feet. For each land use, the base Public Safety Impact Fee is equal to the allocated cost per dwelling unit or thousand nonresidential building square feet.

Appendices
APPENDIX A Employee Density Calculation, Keyser Marston & Associates APPENDIX B Fire/Police Construction Cost Per Square foot, Economic & Planning Systems, Inc.

APPENDIX C Detailed Fire Fleet
APPENDIX D Detailed PD Fleet
APPENDIX E Average Sq. Ft. Single-family Housing, City of Santa Cruz, Keyser Marston & Associates

37.33 Employees % Retail Office Hotel Industrial Retail Office Hotel Industrial Total Employment by SIC Codes (ESRI) 0.227470155 0.574772 0.022549 0.175209Agriculture and Mining 341 0.9% 100% 0 0 0 341 341Construction 677 1.8% 100% 0 0 0 677 677Manufacturing 2,022 5.3% 100% 0 0 0 2,022 2,022 Transportation 1,240 3.2% 100% 0 0 0 1,240 1,240
Communication 176 0.5% 50% 50% 0 88 0 88 176Utilities 155 0.4% 100% 0 0 0 155 155Wholesale trade 1,121 2.9% 100% 0 0 0 1,121 1,121 Retail trade, ex. Restaurants 8,746 22.7% 100% 8,746 0 0 0 8,746Finance, Insurance, real estate  1,417 3.7% 100% 0 1,417 0 0 1,417 Hotels 867 2.3% 100% 0 0 867 0 867Other Services 16,494 42.9% 100% 0 16,494 0 0 16,494Government 5,013 13.0% 80% 20% 0 4,010 0 1,003 5,013Unclassified 180 0.5% 50% 50% 0 90 0 90 180 Total Employment 38,449 100.0% 8,746 22,099 867 6,737 38,449Sq. ft. per employee (KMA Estimate Consistent with Childcare Study ‐ See Table 9 of Childcare Nexus Study) 350 300 1,000 750 TotalTotal Sq. ft. 3,061,100 6,629,820 867,000 5,052,450 15,610,370Average Square feet per employee 406 Average number of employees per sf of non‐residential space 0.002463 Source: Provided by Keyser Marston & Associates (KMA)
Distribution of land use Distribution of Employment by Density APPENDIX A: EMPLOYEE DENSITY

37.34 APPENDIX B
Santa Cruz Public Safety Fee Peer Review
Fire Facilities Cost Comparison
Item
Estimated
Cost
Year of
Estimate Notes / Source (if available)
per station
Folsom Plan Area Fee $6.4M 2018
per sq. ft.

City of Fresno Public Safety Fees $630 2019
City of Sacramento $620 2018 2014 cost estimate escalated to 2018$.

Cordova Hills Finance Plan $500 2011 Sacramento Metropolitan Fire District estimate.

City of Winters $172 2009 Combination Police-Fire Facility.

Manteca (Atherton Dr./Woodward Ave.) $693 2021
East Contra Costa Station 55 $755 2021
Riverside County (Temecula) $1,310 2021
Lassen County (Westwood) $1,035 2021
fire comp
Prepared by EPS 3/24/2021 Z:\Shared\Projects\SAC\212000\212057 Santa Cruz Public Safety Fee\Cost Comp + Source Data\212057 Facilities Cost Tables City of San Jose $1,000 2020 Data Collected by City Staff from Deputy Chief A. Freyler for Fire Station 20.

Modified by Sara De Leon 3/24/21

37.35 DRAFT
Table 4
Santa Cruz Public Safety Fee Peer Review
Police Facilities Cost Comparison
Item
Estimated
Cost
Year of
Estimate Notes / Source (if available)
per sq. ft.

Folsom Plan Area Fee $371 2018 Excludes land. 2013 cost estimate escalated to 2015$. Validated in 2018.

Elk Grove Capital Facilities Fee $634 2018 Excludes land acquisition.

City of Fresno Public Safety Fees $255 2016
City of Sacramento $564 2018 2014 cost estimate escalated to 2018$.

Solano Public Facilities Fee $557 2018 2017 Solano County Master Plan. 2017 cost estimate escalated to 2018$. police comp
Prepared by EPS 3/24/2021 Z:\Shared\Projects\SAC\212000\212057 Santa Cruz Public Safety Fee\Cost Comp + Source Data\212057 Facilities Cost Tables

37.36 Division Asset ID Model Type Notes
Fire/EMS Operation 770-2013 3110 PIERCE PUMPER Engine Purchase Cost of 2013 Pierce Pumper Used Fire/EMS Operation 775-2013 PIERCE PUMPER Engine Purchase Cost of 2013 Pierce Pumped Used Fire/EMS Operation 776-2001 PIERCE WILDLAND TYPE 3 4X2 Engine Not Included - Out of Service as of 4/2021 Fire/EMS Operation 777-2013 PIERCE PUMPER Engine Purchase Cost of 2013 Pierce Pumped Used Fire/EMS Operation 788-2015 3113 PIERCE PUMPER Engine Purchase Cost of 2013 Pierce Pumped Used Fire/EMS Operation 772-1999 PIERCE PUMPER Engine (Reserve) Purchase Cost of 2013 Pierce Pumper Used Fire/EMS Operation 773-2002 PIERCE PUMPER Engine (Reserve) Purchase Cost of 2013 Pierce Pumper Used Fire/EMS Operation 771-2005 SUTPHEN AERIAL (Reserve)[1] Quint (Reserve)/Aerial Ladder Truck Fire/EMS Operation 778-2011 PIERCE AERIAL LADDER TRUCK Quint/Aerial Ladder Truck Fire/EMS Operation 784-2008 FORD EXPEDITION SUV
Admin 280-2016 HAULMARK TRLR Trailer
Admin 170-2017 TOYOTA SR5 TACOMA Truck
Admin 183-2017 TOYOTA SR5 TACOMA Truck
Fire/EMS Operation 168-2017 TOYOTA TUNDRA CREWMAX Truck Fire/EMS Operation 520-2006 FORD F150 4X4 Truck
Fire/EMS Operation 535-2015 TOY TUNDRA, 4X4 Truck
Fire/EMS Operation 779-2006 FORD F150 4X4 Truck
Fire/EMS Operation 780-1993 CHEVROLET CAB & CHASS Truck Fire/EMS Operation 782-2020 FORD F250 Truck Not Included - Lease Fire/EMS Operation 783-2013 TUNDRA Truck
Fire/EMS Operation 785-2017 F450 SD P/U FLATBD Truck
Fire Prevention 182-2015 TOY TACOMA, 4X4 Truck
Fire Prevention 812-1999 GMC 2500 Truck
Fire Prevention 817-2003 FORD F350 [1] Truck
Fire Prevention 885-2020 FORD F250 Truck Not Included - Lease Fire Marine Rescue 445-2010 TOY TAC, 4X4 Truck
Fire Marine Rescue 450-2016 TOY TACOMA 4X4 Truck
Fire Marine Rescue 479-2013 TOY TACOMA, DBL Truck
Fire Marine Rescue 560-2016 TOY TAC, 4X4, DBL CAB Truck Fire/EMS Operation 774-2020 PIERCE WILDAND TYPE 3 4X4 Wildland Engine APPENDIX C - FIRE EXISTING APPARATUS AND VEHICLES - 3/27/2021

37.37 APPENDIX D - EXISTING POLICE VEHICLES
3/27/2021
Division Asset # Model Type Notes
Rangers 333-2008 SUZUKI LTA500FK6 ATV
Traffic 300-2014 TRX500FAE ATV
Traffic 301-2014 TRX500FPE ATV
Traffic 302-2014 TRX500FE ATV
Traffic 303-2014 POLARIS ATV
Traffic 305-2015 HONDA ST1300PAD Motorcycle
Traffic 307-2015 HONDA ST1300PAF Motorcycle
Traffic 312-2015 HONDA ST1300PAF Motorcycle
Traffic 309-2009 HARLEY DAVID FLHP1 Motorcycle Not Included - Lease Traffic 311-2007 HARLEY DAVID FLHP1 Motorcycle Not Included - Lease Traffic 313-2007 HARLEY DAVID FLHP1 Motorcycle Not Included - Lease Traffic 314-2009 HARLEY DAVID FLHP1 Motorcycle Not Included - Lease Traffic 319-2017 ZERO FXP Motorcycle
Traffic 304-2013 HONDA ST1300PAD Motorcycle
Traffic 306-2013 HONDA ST1300PAD Motorcycle
Traffic 322-2000 2000 USV RADCO Not Included Not Included Investigations 158-2014 FORD TAURUS Sedan
Investigations 107-2009 DODGE CHARGER SXT Sedan
Investigations 150-2012 HONDA ACCORD LX Sedan
Investigations 136-2014 FORD FUSION Sedan
Admin 132-2009 FORD FUSION SEL Sedan
Investigations 118-2007 FORD 500 SEL Sedan
Patrol 116-2011 FORD CROWN VIC Sedan
Patrol 123-2011 FORD CROWN VIC Sedan
Patrol 137-2011 FORD CROWN VIC Sedan
Patrol 142-2011 FORD CROWN VIC Sedan
Patrol 166-2011 FORD CROWN VIC Sedan
Investigations 130-2007 DODGE CHARGER Sedan
Investigations 149-2007 DODGE CHARGER Sedan
Patrol 153-2010 FORD CROWN VIC Sedan
Patrol 125-2006 FORD CROWN VIC Sedan
Patrol 124-2011 CROWN VICTORIA Sedan
Investigations 145-2020 FORD FUSION Sedan Not Included - Lease Patrol 117-2008 FORD CROWN VIC Sedan
Investigations 152-2008 TOTOTA CAMRY Sedan
Patrol 143-2018 DODGE CHARGER Sedan
Patrol 911-2015 BC55003 Specialty2
Patrol 120-2020 FORD EXPLORER AWD SUV
Patrol 128-2014 FORD EXPLORER, AWD SUV
Patrol 119-2015 INTERCEPTOR EXPLORER SUV
Patrol 140-2015 FORD EXPLORER, AWD SUV
Patrol 157-2015 FORD EXPLORER SUV
Patrol 163-2015 FORD EXPLORER AWD SUV
Patrol 165-2016 EXPLORER SUV
Rangers 172-2013 FORD EXPLORER SUV
Investigations 112-2014 FORD EXPLORER SUV
Patrol 505-2012 CHEV TAHOE SUV
Patrol 148-2017 FORD EXPLORER AWD SUV
Patrol 126-2016 FORD EXPLORER AWD SUV
Patrol 127-2020 FORD EXPLORER AWD SUV Not Included - Lease Patrol 144-2020 FORD EXPLORER AWD SUV Not Included - Lease Patrol 135-2014 FORD EXPLORER, AWD SUV
Patrol 147-2014 FORD EXPLORER AWD SUV
Patrol 131-2016 FORD EXPLORER, AWD SUV
Patrol 146-2016 FORD EXPLORER AWD SUV
Patrol 156-2016 FORD EXPLORER AWD SUV
Patrol 159-2019 CHEVY TAHOE SUV
Patrol 154-2019 CHEVY TAHOE SUV
Patrol 155-2019 CHEVY TAHOE SUV

37.38 APPENDIX D - EXISTING POLICE VEHICLES
3/27/2021
Division Asset # Model Type Notes
Rangers 390-2008 FORD RANGER Truck
Patrol 180-2005 FORD F150 Truck
Rangers 428-2016 TOYOTA TAC 4 X 4 Truck
Patrol 807-2003 FORD F150 4X4 Truck
Rangers 413-2001 FORD F150 4X4 Truck
Rangers 548-2017 FORD F150 P/U SC Truck
Patrol 489-1996 FORD E350 Truck
Rangers 547-2017 FORD F150 P/U SC Truck
Investigations 167-2007 FORD 500 SEL Truck Not Included - Lease Patrol 139-2018 DODGE RAM 1500 Truck
Patrol 500-2008 FORD E350 SUPERDUTY Truck
Patrol 463-2005 CHEVROLET C4500 Truck
Investigations 177-2020 CHRYSLER PACIFICA Van
Investigations 499-2019 FORD TRANSIT 250 Van
Admin 174-2014 HONDA ODYSSEY Van
Investigations 141-2012 HONDA ODYSSEY LX Van

37.39 APPENDIX E: City of Santa Cruz Home Sales Attached & Detached Home s
January 2018- Jan 2021 Property Addres
s Sale Date Sale Price Type # Bath # Bed SF Lot SF Lot Acre a Total AV Year Built
Summary for all units sold since January 2018
1988 units sold $1,009,910 price beds 2.6 1,597 7085 lot sf yr built 1962 45 units built since 2017 $1,140,886 price 3.0 2,887 7,805 lot sf yr built 2,018 Summary data for attached units
486 units $654,116 price beds 2.0 1,219 1,716 lot sf yr built 1984 10 units built since 2017 $744,210 price 2.0 1,895 1,111 lot sf yr built 2018 Summary Data for SF
R
1502 units $1,125,034 price beds 2.8 1,720 8,822 lot sf Yr built 1954 35 units built since 2017 $1,254,222 price beds 3.3 3,170 9,717 lot sf Yr Built 2018 Average Sq. Ft. Multi Fam Unit 695From Costar - Multi Family units/projects constructed since 2005Source: KMA, 2021

37.40 37.41

37.42 37.43

37.44 37.45

37.46 37.47

37.48 37.49

37.50 37.51

37.52 37.53

37.54 37.55

37.56 37.57

37.58 37.59

37.60 37.61

37.62 •
•

37.63 •
•
•

37.64 37.65

37.66 37.67

37.68 37.69

37.70 37.71

37.72 37.73

37.74 37.75

37.76 37.77

37.78 37.79

37.80 37.81

37.82 37.83

37.84 37.85

37.86 37.87

37.88 37.89

37.90 •
•
•
•
•

37.91 •
•
•
•
•
•
•

37.92 37.93
I. Inventory of Existing General Government Facilities
Facility Facility Units Quantity
Buildings Square Feet 31,881
Land Acres 2.24
Vehicles Vehicle 77
Equipment Integrated Unit 1
II. Existing General Government Facilities EDU Calculation Land Use Type
Number of
Persons Served
Number of Units/
Non-Res 1,000 SF
Residents per Unit/
Persons Served per
1,000 Non-Res. SF
EDUs per Unit/
per 1,000 Non-Res SF
Total
Number of
EDUs
Residential 62,776 24,506 2.56 1.00 24,506
Subtotal Residential 62,776 24,506 24,506
Hotel 1,380 1,840 0.75 0.59 1,077
Commercial 8,827 3,570,413 2.47 1.93 6,891
Office 5,788 2,226,053 2.60 2.03 4,519
Industrial 1,836 2,667,438 0.69 0.54 1,433
Institutional / Other 1,892 896,097 2.11 1.65 1,477
Subtotal Non-residential 19,721 NA NA NA 15,397
Total 82,497 39,903
III. Existing Facility Standard
Facility Units per
Facility Type [3] Facility Units Quantity 1,000 Persons Served Buildings Square Feet 31,881 386
Land Acres 2 0.027
Vehicles Vehicle 77 0.933
Equipment Integrated Unit 1 0.012
IV. Future General Government Facilities EDU Calculation Land Use Type
Number of
Persons Served
Number of Units/
Non-Res 1,000 SF
Residents per Unit/
Persons Served per
1,000 Non-Res. SF
EDUs per Unit/
per 1,000 Non-Res SF
Total
Number of
EDUs
Residential 12,808 5,000 2.56 1.00 5,000
Subtotal Residential 12,808 5,000 NA NA 5,000
Hotel 144 193 0.75 0.59 113
Commercial 923 373,544 2.47 1.93 721
Office 606 232,894 2.60 2.03 473
Industrial 192 279,073 0.69 0.54 150
Institutional / Other 198 93,752 2.11 1.65 155
Subtotal Non-Residential 2,063 605,719 NA NA 1,611
Total 14,872 NA NA 6,611
V. Future Facility Standard
Facility Units Facilities Units Funded
Facility Type Facility Units per 1,000 Persons Served by New Development Buildings Square Feet 386 5,747
Land Acres 0.027 0.404
Vehicles Vehicle 0.933 13.881
Equipment Integrated Unit 0.012 0.180
VI. General Government Summary Cost Data
Facility Units Funded Total Facility Cost for Cost
Facility Type Facility Units by Future Development Cost Per Unit Future Development per EDU Buildings Square Feet 5,747 $1,113 $6,396,523 $968
Land Acres 0.404 $2,838,386 $1,146,136 $173
Vehicles Vehicle 13.881 $57,988 $804,912 $122
Equipment Integrated Unit 0.180 $4,404,766 $794,035 $120 Offsetting Revenue $0 $0.00
Total $9,141,606 $1,383
VII. Land Use Fees Units / Sq. Ft Costs Financed by DIF Residential $1.61 5,000 $6,914,027
Hotel $810 193 $155,873
Commercial $2.67 373,544 $996,970
Office $2.81 232,894 $653,709
Industrial $0.74 279,073 $207,323
Institutional / Other $2.28 93,752 $213,705
$9,141,606
Calculated Fee with 2.0% Administrative Cost
VIII. Land Use Fees
Single Family (per SF) $1.64
Multi-Family (per SF) $1.64
Hotel (per room) $826
Commercial Retail (per SF) $2.72
Office (per SF) $2.86
Industrial (per SF) $0.76
Institutional / Other (per SF) $2.33
Note
APPENDIX A-1

SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA

POLICE FACILITIES FACILITIES FEE CALCULATION

37.94 I. Inventory of Fire & Rescue Facilities
Facility Facility Units Quantity
Buildings Square Feet 31,250
Land Acres 1.54
Vehicles Vehicle 47.0
Equipment Integrated Unit 1.0
II. Existing Fire & Rescue Facilities EDU Calculation
Land Use Type
Number of
Persons Served
Number of Units/
Non-Res 1,000 SF
Residents per Unit/
Persons Served per
1,000 Non-Res. SF
EDUs per Unit/
per 1,000 Non-Res SF
Total
Number of EDUs
Residential 62,776 24,506 2.56 1.00 24,506
Subtotal Residential 62,776 24,506 NA NA 24,506
Hotel 1,380 1,840 0.75 0.59 1,077
Commercial Retail 8,827 3,570,413 2.47 1.93 6,891
Office 5,788 2,226,053 2.60 2.03 4,519
Industrial 1,836 2,667,438 0.69 0.54 1,433
Institutional / Other 1,892 896,097 2.11 1.65 1,477
Subtotal Non-Residential 19,721 9,361,840 15,397
Total 82,497 NA NA 39,903
III. Existing Facility Standard
Facility Units per
Facility Type [3] Facility Units Quantity 1,000 Persons Served Buildings Square Feet 31,250 379
Land Acres 1.54 0.019
Vehicles Vehicle 47 0.570
Equipment Integrated Unit 1 0.012
IV. Future Fire & Rescue Facilities EDU Calculation
Land Use Type
Number of
Persons Served [1]
Number of Units/
Non-Res 1,000 SF
Residents per Unit/
Persons Served per
1,000 Non-Res. SF]
EDUs per Unit/
per 1,000 Non-Res SF
Total
Number of EDUs
Residential 12,808 5,000 2.56 1.00 5,000
Subtotal Residential 12,808 5,000 NA NA 5,000
Hotel 144 193 0.75 0.59 113
Commercial Retail 923 373,544 2.47 1.93 721
Office 606 232,894 2.60 2.03 473
Industrial 192 279,073 0.69 0.54 150
Institutional / Other 198 93,752 2.11 1.65 155
Subtotal Non-Residential 2,063 979,456 NA NA 1,611
Total 14,872 NA NA 6,611
V. Future Facility Standard
Facility Units Facilities Units Funded
Facility Type Facility Units per 1,000 Persons Served by New Development Buildings Square Feet 379 5,633
Land Acres 0.019 0.277
Vehicles Vehicle 0.570 8.473
Equipment Integrated Unit 0.012 0.180
VI. General Fire & Rescue Summary Cost Data
Facility Units Funded Total Facility Cost for
Facility Type Facility Units by Future Development Cost Per Unit Future Development Cost per EDU Buildings Square Feet 5,633 $886 $4,993,776 $755
Land Acres 0.277 $2,838,386 $786,434 $119
Vehicles Vehicle 8.473 $390,564 $3,309,079 $501
Equipment Integrated Unit 0.180 $5,866,675 $1,057,569 $160 Ofsetting Revenue $18,311 $2.77
Total $10,128,547 $1,532
VII Land Use Fees
Residential Units / Hotel
Rooms Non-Residential Sq. Ft. Costs Financed by DIF
Residential $1.78 5,000 $7,660,475
Hotel $897 193 $172,701
Commercial Retail $2.96 373,544 $1,104,604
Office $3.11 232,894 $724,284
Industrial $0.82 279,073 $229,706
Institutional / Other $2.53 93,752 $236,777
$10,128,547
Calculated Fee with 2.0% Administrative Cost
VIII Land Use Fees
Single Family (per SF) $1.82
Multi-Family (per SF) $1.82
Hotel (per room) $915
Commercial Retail (per 1,000) $3.02
Office (per 1,000) $3.17
Industrial (per 1,000) $0.84
Institutional / Other (per 1,000) $2.58
Note
APPENDIX A-1

SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA

FIRE FACILITIES FEE CALCULATION

37.95 37.96
Category Current Inventory
2024
Previous
Inventory 2021 Difference
Buildings $35,483,553 $27,140,000 $8,343,553
Land $6,357,984 $0 $6,357,984
Vehicles $4,465,105 $1,979,458 $2,485,647
Equipment & Property $4,404,766 $1,227,756 $3,177,010
Total $50,711,408 $30,347,214 $20,364,194
APPENDIX B-1

SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA

POLICE FACILITIES INVENTORY

37.97 Category Current Inventory
2024
Previous Inventory
2021 Difference
Buildings $27,702,068 $16,037,910 $11,664,158
Land $4,362,599 $0 $4,362,599
Vehicles $18,356,520 $6,504,815 $11,851,705
Equipment & Property $5,866,675 $1,477,000 $4,389,675
Total $56,287,861 $24,019,725 $32,268,136
APPENDIX B-1

SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA

FIRE FACILITIES INVENTORY

37.98 37.99
Address / Location Property Location County Proposed Use Sales Year Acres Total Price Price per Acre Santa Cruz 665 Henry Cowell Dr Santa Cruz Single Family Development 12/31/2018 0.51 $600,000 $1,176,471 Santa Cruz (Live Oak) 3555 Mission Dr Santa Cruz 5/15/2020 0.27 $422,000 $1,562,963 Santa Cruz 200 Pioneer St Santa Cruz Industrial 4/28/2023 0.94 $1,500,000 $1,595,745 Santa Cruz (Outside City, but close) 1260 7th Ave Santa Cruz Apartment Units, Apartment Units - Condo, MultiFamily, Single Family Development 12/13/2019 0.95 $1,580,000 $1,664,910 Santa Cruz (Outside City, but close) 2606 Paul Minnie Ave Santa Cruz Apartment Units, Office 3/3/2021 0.63 $1,350,000 $2,156,550 Santa Cruz 961 Beach St Santa Cruz 1/25/2019 0.50 $1,135,000 $2,270,000 Santa Cruz 120 3rd St Santa Cruz Commercial, General Freestanding, Hospitality 12/21/2020 0.25 $1,000,000 $3,968,254 Santa Cruz (Live Oak) 2020 Brommer St Santa Cruz Community Center, Day Care Center, MultiFamily 9/24/2021 0.32 $1,360,000 $4,210,526 Santa Cruz 1309 High St Santa Cruz Existing Single Family 3/2/2022 0.44 $1,895,000 $4,306,818 Santa Cruz 1024 Soquel Ave Santa Cruz 12/5/2023 0.27 $1,644,000 $6,000,219 Average $2,891,246
RECOMMENDED COMPS TO ADD (Infill Project Sites) Costar 11/19/24 Address / Location Property Location County Proposed Use Sales Year Acres Total Price Price per Acre Land % of Value1Land Estimate ($/AC) Santa Cruz 1211 Fair Ave Santa Cruz Industrial Development (Marianne's) 2/14/2020 0.58 1,496,304 $2,579,834 73% $ 1,893,707 Santa Cruz 514-518 Front St Santa Cruz Residential Multifam Development 9/9/2020 0.42 1,574,500 $3,748,810 Not available $ 3,748,810 Santa Cruz 920 Ocean St Santa Cruz Residential Multifam Development 11/7/2018 0.44 1,895,000 $4,306,818 73% $ 3,152,237 Santa Cruz (Live Oak) 2750 Soquel Ave Santa Cruz Industrial 5/23/2024 0.38 4,000,000 $10,585,019 19% $ 2,030,192 Average (recs only) $7,342,846 $ 2,706,236
TOTAL AVG W/ RECS $4,605,700 Just price/acre $2,838,386 APPENDIX C-1

SANT CRUZ, CALIFORNIA
LAND INVENTORY 1

37.100

37.101
ORDINANCE NO. 2021-11

AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA CRUZ ADDING CHAPTER 18.49 TO THE SANTA CRUZ MUNICIPAL CODE TO ESTABLISH PUBLIC

SAFETY IMPACT FEES NECESSARY TO MAINTAIN ACCEPTABLE LEVELS OF PUBLIC

SAFETY FACILITIES, APPARATUSES, VEHICLES, AND EQUIPMENT WITHIN THE CITY BE IT ORDAINED By the City of Santa Cruz as follows:

Section 1. Chapter 18.49 is hereby added to the Santa Cruz Municipal Code to read as follows:
“Chapter 18.49

PUBLIC SAFETY IMPACT FEE
Sections:

18.49.010 Authority

18.49.020 Intent and Purpose

18.49.030 Definitions

18.49.040 Public Safety Impact Fee

18.49.050 Exemptions

18.49.060 Use of Fee

18.49.070 Fee Adjustments

18.49.080 Refund of Fee

18.49.090 Statutory Exemption

18.49. 100 Severability

18.49.010 AUTHORITY.

This chapter is enacted pursuant to the Mitigation Fee Act, California Government Code section 66000 et seq. and to the Charter City authority provided by the Constitution of the State of California.

18.49.020 INTENT AND PURPOSE.
(a) The City Council of the City of Santa Cruz declares that:
1) Public Safety services that adequately provides for public safety needs is an essential public service prerequisite to any increase in either residential or nonresidential development;
2) The City General Plan includes objectives and policies to ensure adequate fire and police training and resources, and to maintain rapid and timely response to all emergencies and services;

37.102
ORDINANCE NO. 2021-11
2 3) Both fire and police run a network of integrated services that will serve existing and planned residential and nonresidential development.
4) New development in the City will increase the service population and, therefore, the need for new fire and police facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment to adequately serve the new residents and employees.
5) A Public Safety Impact Fee is needed to support existing and planned public safety facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment to serve increased population from new residential and nonresidential development in the City; 6) A developer voluntarily choosing to create new development will place new, additional, and cumulatively overwhelming burdens on public safety services. As a condition of project approval, new development must mitigate its adverse impact of increased demand for public safety generated by the development;
7) A Public Safety Impact Fee is necessary in order to establish a public safety funding mechanism to pay new development’s fair share of the costs of fire and police facilities, apparatuses, vehicle and equipment and shall be imposed upon residential and nonresidential development projects which can reasonably be anticipated to create new or additional need for responsive, quality public safety services due to the greater number of residential or employment opportunities which result from that type of development. 8) There is a reasonable relationship between the use of the fee and the type of development project upon which the fee is imposed; and between the need for the Public Safety facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment and the type of development project upon which the fee is imposed;
9) The Public Safety impact fee established by this chapter is consistent with the City General Plan and Government Code Sections 66000 through 66008. (b) The purpose of this chapter, therefore, is to provide for the planned and incremental expansion of Public Safety facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment with development fees. The intent of this chapter is not to raise general revenues. Instead, the intent is for new residential and nonresidential development to pay its fair share of public safety facilities, apparatuses, vehicles, and equipment generated by growth from new development, in a balanced and efficient manner which will mitigate the adverse impacts on Public Safety services and promote the public health, safety, and general welfare.

18.49.030 DEFINITIONS
As used in this chapter, all words, phrases, and terms shall be interpreted in accordance with the definitions set forth in the Mitigation Fee Act, unless otherwise defined herein. For the purposes of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply:

37.103
ORDINANCE NO. 2021-11
3 (a) “Public Safety facility” or “Critical Facilities” means existing or proposed fire and police facilities, including the site, buildings, modifications to buildings, and accessory structures necessary to store equipment or train staff; emergency operation centers, fire and police stations, emergency shelters, and other facilities related and necessary for emergency preparedness; and equipment such as vehicles, apparatuses, and other capital equipment necessary to maintain adequate fire and police response times necessary for community safety and emergency preparedness throughout the City of Santa Cruz. (b) “Public Safety Services” means the overall system of public safety provided by fire and police located within the boundaries of the City of Santa Cruz, including (without limitation) Public Safety facilities, programs, and services.
(c) “City” shall mean the City of Santa Cruz.
(d) “Development Project” shall mean a proposal for the development or use of land, requiring the granting of an entitlement, whether residential, nonresidential or both, within the land use jurisdiction of the City of Santa Cruz. A development project means any project undertaken for the purpose of development and involves the issuance of a permit for construction or reconstruction, but not a permit to operate. A development project includes, but is not limited to, a general plan amendment, zoning or rezoning a property, a use permit, a design permit, a coastal development permit, a variance, a planned development permit, subdivision map, parcel map, building permit, or another permit for construction, reconstruction, or development.
(e) “Fees, exactions or impact mitigation measures” means measures taken by a developer to mitigate the impact of the proposed project on the need for Public Safety. Measures include development fees, land dedication, participation in the construction or establishment of a Public Safety facility, provision of Public Safety services, operation of a Public Safety program, or alternate participation by a developer approved by the City Council. No such measure shall raise general revenues or otherwise be imposed as a tax.

18.49.040 APPLICATION AND PAYMENT OF FEE
(a) Unless otherwise exempted, a Public Safety Impact Fee shall be assessed as a condition of approval, in connection with any development project within the City limits as an impact mitigation measure (including, without limitation, payment of a fee, dedication of land, participation in the construction or establishment of a Public Safety facility, provision of a Public Safety service, operation of a Public Safety program, or arrangement of an approximately equivalent exaction) which is reasonably attributable to the development project, as determined by resolution of the City Council. (b) The fee shall support new or expanded uses of police and fire facilities, apparatuses, vehicles and equipment, because fire and police provide a critical community service as identified in the Hazards, Safety, and Noise Element of the City’s General Plan.

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ORDINANCE NO. 2021-11
4 (c) The specific amount of monetary fees for Public Safety shall be established by resolution of the City Council, be made a part of the City’s Unified Master Fee Schedule, and be updated by Construction Cost Index (CCI) automatically on an annual basis in January. The adjustment will be based on the year-over-year percentage change in the 20-City CCI reported in the Engineering News Record (ENR) for the 12-month period ending October the prior year.
(d) The City Council shall complete annual and five-year reporting, including all findings, as required in the Mitigation Fee Act, Government Code section 66006 or successor statute. (e) The Public Safety Impact Fee shall be paid prior to the earlier of:

1. The issuance of building permit;

2. The issuance of a certificate of occupancy;

3. The date of final inspection;

4. If no final inspection is required, prior to occupancy of the use; or

5. Such other time as permitted under Government Code section 66007 or successor statute, or other applicable law.
(f) Amount of Land or Premises Dedication. Upon requirement or approval by the City Council, land or premises shall be dedicated to the City or to a nonprofit organization for Public Safety purposes, based on a certified appraisal approved by the City Public Works or Economic Development Department. The market value of land or premises dedicated pursuant to this chapter shall be reasonably related to the monetary value of the fees or exactions which would be otherwise required pursuant to this section.

18.49.050 EXEMPTIONS
A. The following exemptions from the requirements for fees and exactions are imposed:
1) Any type of project determined by the City Council to have a reduced or insignificant Public Safety impact as per section 18.49.070.
2) Repairs or Replacement. The repair, remodel, modification, reconstruction or replacement of a residential or nonresidential building substantially equivalent to the preexisting building. Additional square footage beyond the pre-existing amount is not exempt. Includes residential and nonresidential units being replaced due to a natural disaster.
3) Accessory Dwelling Units and Junior Accessory Dwelling Units of less than 750 square feet.
4) Public Project. Projects undertaken by a public agency, except projects undertaken by a private developer on public property, and except property not used exclusively for a governmental purpose.

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ORDINANCE NO. 2021-11
5 5) Project with Complete Application on Effective Date of Ordinance. Project for which an application for permit was complete prior to the effective date of the ordinance codified in this section, except for any project which is required to comply with these measures pursuant to the provisions of a development agreement.
6) Affordable Housing Projects. For purposes of this exemption, Affordable Housing Projects are projects where 100% of the units, excluding managers units, within the development are dedicated to lower income households. The affordable units within the development are subject to a recorded affordability restriction for a minimum of fiftyfive (55) years or per local inclusionary requirements, whichever is greater.

B. Change of use is entitled to an offset or a credit:
1) If a project is changing its use, a credit in the amount offsetting the impact of its prior use shall be applied. For example, a development project converting existing hotel square footage rooms into residential multi-family will have the fee for the proposed (including any addition) multi-family residential calculated and the fee for the existing hotel space rooms calculated, and the existing hotel space rooms will be credited against the new multi-family residential fee use. In the event that the credit exceeds the new fee, the fee shall be zero and no refunds are applicable.

C. No credits or exemptions will be given to properties that have been vacant for more than three years (3) by the time of applying for building permit.

18.48.060 USE OF FEE
A. Upon receipt, Public Safety Impact Fee shall be deposited, invested, accounted for, and expended as required per the Mitigation Fee Act, Government Code section 66001 or successor statute. Revenues, along with any interest earnings on the account, shall be used to:
(i) Pay for offsetting the reasonably projected costs to Public Safety services in the City due to the increased Public Safety needs generated by new development, which includes, but is not limited to, financing the construction or purchase of Public Safety facilities, or improvements otherwise consistent with law.

18.49.070 FEE ADJUSTMENTS
A. A developer of any project subject to the childcare impact fee may apply to the city council for a reduction or adjustment to that fee, or a waiver of that fee, based upon the absence of any reasonable relationship or nexus between the impacts of that development and either the amount of the fee charged or the type of facilities to be financed. The application must meet all of the following requirements:
(1) Applicant must pay the required fee first in full, or provide satisfactory evidence of arrangements to pay the fee when due, or ensure performance of the conditions necessary to meet the imposition of the fee imposed;

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ORDINANCE NO. 2021-11
6 (2) File a written statement with the city clerk that: (i) the fee has been tendered or will be tendered when due, or that any conditions which have been imposed are provided for or satisfied, but under protest; (ii) states in detail the factual basis of the claim of waiver, reduction or adjustment; (iii) and pay appeal fee.
(3) The applicant shall bear the burden of proof in presenting substantial evidence to support the application.

B. The city council shall consider the application at the public hearing on the permit application or at a separate hearing held within sixty days after the filing of the fee adjustment application, whichever is later. The city council shall uphold the fee and deny the application if it finds that there is a reasonable relationship between the impacts of the development and the amount of the fee charged and the type of facilities to be financed. The city council shall consider (1) the land use category determination; (2) the substance and nature of the evidence, including the fee calculation method and supporting technical documentation; (3) for a residential project, the type and level of occupancy; and (4) for a nonresidential project, the number of employment opportunities reasonably resulting from the type of nonresidential project involved. In lieu of waiving a fee pursuant to a fee waiver application, the council may adjust the fee upon concluding that the evidence offered at the hearing justifies an adjustment rather than a waiver. The decision of the city council shall be final. If a reduction, adjustment, or waiver is granted, any change in use within the project shall invalidate the waiver, adjustment or reduction of the fee. The decision of the city council may be appealed within one hundred eighty days of the service of the notice of the decision in accordance with Government Code Section 66020, or successor statute.

C. A fee protest filed pursuant to subsection (A) must be filed the earlier of:
(1) No later than ten days prior to the public hearing on the developer’s permit application for the development project;
(2) Within ten days of the approval of the project, at which time the developer shall receive a written statement of the amount of the fee; or
(3) If the development project does not involve a public hearing or if the written statement of the fee amount is not provided at least twenty-one calendar days in advance of a required public hearing, the protest request must be filed with the city clerk no more than ninety calendar days following the developer’s receipt of the written statement of the fee, which shall include notification that the ninety-day period in which the applicant may protest the fee has begun.

D. Where the imposition of the childcare impact fee is determined by the city at a public hearing to be valid and is required for reasons related to the public health, safety, and welfare, and is a condition of approval of the proposed development project, then in the event a protest is lodged pursuant to subsection (A), that approval of the development project shall be

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ORDINANCE NO. 2021-11
7 suspended pending withdrawal of the protest, the expiration of the limitation period of subsection (C) without the filing of an action, or resolution of any action filed.

18.48.080 REFUND OF FEE.
(a) If a development permit expires, is cancelled, or is voided and any fees paid pursuant to this chapter have not been expended, no construction has taken place on either the development project or the public facility, and the use has never occupied the site, the Director of Planning & Community Development or their designee shall, upon the written request of the applicant and the findings of these factors, order return of the fee and the interest accrued thereon, less administrative costs.
(b) If the City Council fails to make the annual and five-year findings as described in the Mitigation Fee Act, the City shall refund the fee as set forth in Government Code section 66001(e) or successor statute.

18.49.090 STATUTORY EXEMPTION
The City Council hereby finds and determines that pursuant to Public Resources Code section 21080(b)(8) the enactment of this chapter constitutes a project which is statutorily exempt from the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act. Specifically, this chapter establishes and approves Public Safety impact fees that will generate funds for capital projects which are necessary to maintain acceptable levels of Public Safety service within the City. This chapter does not, nor is it intended to, approve or pre-determine any development project which may be proposed in the future for which a Public Safety impact fee may be exacted in accordance with the chapter. As such, it merely provides the City with the procedural authority to impose Public Safety impact fees if and when any such development project might be proposed or applied for.

18.49.100 SEVERABILITY
The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to any person, association, and corporation or to any property as to whom or which it is beyond the power of the City of Santa Cruz to impose the fee herein provided. If any section or portion of this chapter is found to be invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise, such finding shall not affect the validity of the remainder of the chapter, which shall continue in full force and effect.

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Public Safety Impact Fee
Nexus Study
City Council Meeting
April 22, 2025

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Agenda
• Public Safety Impact Fee Background & Justifications • Public Safety Impact Fee Nexus Study• Staff Recommendations

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Nexus Study (2021)
Analyzed the City’s projected
residential population and
employment to 2030 and its
impact on police and fire
services. Calculated impact fees
for future development.

Ordinance No. 2021-11
• New development increases
the need for police and fire facilities, apparatus, vehicles, and equipment. • PSIFs will generate funds for
capital projects that are necessary to maintain acceptable levels of service. • Exemptions:

Repairs/Remodels, ADU, 100% Affordable Housing Projects Revenue Projection Review
• Projected annual revenue from
2021 Nexus Study not realized.
• DTA contracted to review PSIF
factors and methodologies.

City Council
November 13, 2023: Directed
staff to assess the applicability
of the PSIF to 100% affordable
housing projects
Public Safety Impact Fee Background

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4 Mixed Use Development Examples
No Infrastructure to
Five-Story, 64 Units +
Commercial Space
0 to 164 Individuals
Single Story, 20 Units to
Four–Story, 63 Units +
Commercial Space
57 to 162 Individuals

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Proposed Development & Impact

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$257K PSIF
5 Year Balance
$263K/
3 Vehicles
Public Safety Equipment, Facilities & Vehicles
$106K PSIF
3 Year Balance
$192K/7 EKGs

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www.FinanceDTA.com
Office Locations: Irvine | San Jose | San Francisco | Riverside | Dallas | Houston | Raleigh | Tampa Public Finance
Public-Private Partnerships
Development Economics
Clean Energy Bonds
Public Safety Development Impact Fee Nexus
Study Update
City of Santa Cruz
April 22, 2025

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www.FinanceDTA.com
Impact Fee Basics – What Are They?
 Development Impact Fees (DIFs) are one-time fees assessed to recover infrastructure costs required to serve newdevelopment.  AB 1600, which created Section 66000 et seq. of the
Government Code, was enacted by the State of California in1987.  The State recognized the burden on local governments from the rising costs associated with needed infrastructure andpopulation increases with new development.  DIFs provide an additional funding tool for new
infrastructure.
 Per AB 602, local governments must prepare a Nexus Study every 8 years.
 A fee cannot include costs attributable to existing
deficiencies.

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Nexus Study Findings and Methodology
 The City is close to being fully built-out, and any new development within the City will be infill development.  Fees presented in this Fee Study represent the maximum DIFs that may be imposed by the City under the statutoryrequirements of Government Code Section 66000 et. seq.  Standards-based Level of Service (LOS) Methodology. Residential fees are listed on a per-square-foot basis. Hotel fees are listed on a per-room basis. Non-residential fees are listed on a per-square-foot basis. The fees include a 2% administrative component of the total impact fee collected.

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www.FinanceDTA.com
Current Development Impact Fees(The most recent Development Impact Fee Study was completed in 2021) Land Use [1] Police Fire Total
Single-Family Detached $0.574 $0.574 $1.148 Multi-family $0.986 $0.975 $1.961 Retail $0.559 $0.551 $1.110 Office $0.651 $0.644 $1.295 Industrial $0.261 $0.257 $0.518 Hotel $0.195 $0.193 $0.388 [1] Development Impact Fees are per Square Foot.

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www.FinanceDTA.com
Proposed Development Impact Fee Schedule[1]
Land Use Police Fire Total
Residential (per Sq. Ft.) $1.64 $1.82 $3.46
Hotel (per Room) $826 $915 $1,741 Commercial / Retail (per Sq. Ft.) $2.72 $3.02 $5.74 Office (per Sq. Ft.) $2.86 $3.17 $6.04 Industrial (per Sq. Ft.) $0.76 $0.84 $1.60 Institutional / Other (per Sq. Ft.) $2.33 $2.58 $4.90 [1] Development Impact Fees include a 2.0% Administrative Cost

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www.FinanceDTA.com
Police Department Inventories used in Fee Calculation (Previous vs Current) Difference Previous Inventory 2021 Current Inventory 2024 Category Buildings $35,483,553 $27,140,000 $8,343,553
Land $8,861,393 $0 $8,861,393Vehicles $4,465,105 $1,979,458 $2,485,647Equipment & Property $4,404,766 $1,227,756 $3,177,010 Total $53,214,817 $30,347,214 $22,867,603

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www.FinanceDTA.com
Difference Previous Inventory 2021 Current Inventory 2024 Category Buildings $27,702,068 $16,037,910 $11,664,158
Land $6,080,340 $0 $6,080,340
Vehicles $18,356,520 $6,504,815 $11,851,705Equipment & Property $5,866,675 $1,477,000 $4,389,675 Total $58,005,603 $24,019,725 $33,985,878
Fire Department Inventories used in Fee Calculation (Previous vs Current)

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14 Calculated fees do not include administrative costs* Maximum justifiable fee level (S.C. Code of Law 6-1-910, et. seq.)** Administrative Fee (2.0%) not applied*** 10-Year projection Police Department Projected Fee Revenue
Cost Financed
by DIF
Projected
Growth*** Fee Proposed*,** Land Use
Residential (per Sq. Ft.) $1.61 4,300,000 sqft $6,914,027 Hotel (per Room) $810 193 rooms $155,873
Commercial / Retail (per Sq. Ft.) $2.67 373,544 sqft $996,970 Office (per Sq. Ft.) $2.81 232,894 sqft $653,709
Industrial (per Sq. Ft.) $0.74 279,073 sqft $207,323
Institutional / Other (per Sq. Ft.) $2.28 93,752 sqft $213,705 TOTAL $ 9,141,606

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Cost Financed
by DIF
Projected
Growth*** Fee Proposed*,** Land Use
Residential (per Sq. Ft.) $1.78 4,300,000 sqft $7,660,475 Hotel (per Room) $897 193 rooms $172,701
Commercial / Retail (per Sq. Ft.) $2.96 373,544 sqft $1,104,604Office (per Sq. Ft.) $3.11 232,894 sqft $724,284Industrial (per Sq. Ft.) $0.82 279,073 sqft $229,706 Institutional / Other (per Sq. Ft.) $2.53 93,752 sqft $236,777 TOTAL $10,128,547
Calculated fees do not include administrative costs* Maximum justifiable fee level (S.C. Code of Law 6-1-910, et. seq.)** Administrative Fee (2.0%) not applied*** 10-Year projection Fire Department Projected Fee Revenue

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www.FinanceDTA.com
Nexus Study Recommendations Per AB 602, residential Development Impact Fees are to be calculated based on the square footage of proposed units ofdevelopment instead of single-family and multi-family per unitfees (with no maximum ceiling).  Redefined Commercial / Retail Category. Added an Institutional / Other Category. DTA provided the City with the maximum DIFs allowable under Government Code Section 66000 et. seq.
 City staff recommends implementing a fee schedule at 80 percent of the maximum allowable fee to mitigate potential deterrents to future projects while considering consistency with other local and regional jurisdictions  The City will maintain an administrative component (2%) of the total impact fee collected.
 The City should maintain an annual cost escalator to the DIF based on the California Construction Costs Index (CCCI) toaccount for inflation in acquisition and construction costs.  City Staff recommends using the 20-City Construction Cost Index (CCI).

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www.FinanceDTA.com
Thank You!
99 Almaden Blvd., Suite 600
San Jose, CA 95113

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Recommendations
• Approve the 2025 Public Safety Development Impact Fee Nexus Study and a new Public Safety Impact Fee schedule for new residential and non-residentialdevelopment at 80 percent of the maximum allowable fee. • Amend City of Santa Cruz Municipal Code Chapter 18.49 “Public Safety Impact Fees,” modifying section 18.49.050 Exemptions.
• Affordable Housing
• Accessory Dwelling Unit (≥750 sqft)
• Assess full cost recovery (maximum allowable development impact fee) of the public safety impact fees within one year of amending Ordinance No. 2021-11 and reportback if necessary.

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Public Safety Impact Fee
Nexus Study
City Council Meeting
April 22, 2025

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