Attachment 1 - 2025 Urban Water Management Plan — Santa Rosa City Council, June 16, 2026 (part 2 of 2)

December 2025
Table 4-4 Estimated Water Savings Achieved by Conservation Programs and Passive Savings City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Sector (a) Indoor/
Outdoor
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Cumulative
Water
Savings
(AF)
Water Savings Type
End Use Estimated Annual Water Savings (AFY) (b)
Program Category
High Efficiency Urinal Rebate CII, MFR,
SFR Indoor Urinal 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.3 Cash for Grass Rebate Green
Exchange Program SFR Outdoor Turf Replacement 4 7 10 18 32 41 41 42 42 42 39 38 39 36 23 455 Cash for Grass Rebate Green
Exchange Program MFR, CII Outdoor Turf Replacement 5 13 16 23 33 43 43 44 45 45 40 39 47 51 44 531 Rain Water Harvesting Rebate SFR, MFR,
CII Outdoor Rainwater
Harvesting 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 7 Conservation Program Water Savings (Active Savings) 131 182 243 516 903 978 1,183 1,488 1,413 1,274 1,025 852 664 611 553 12,016 Passive Water Savings (d) 124 103 116 120 158 157 121 110 182 167 155 127 115 92 74 1,920 Total Water Savings 256 284 359 636 1,061 1,135 1,304 1,598 1,595 1,441 1,180 979 779 703 627 13,936 Abbreviations
CII = Commercial, Industrial, Institutional HECW = High Efficiency Clothes Washer SFR = Single-family residential HET = High Efficiency Toilet MFR = Multi-family residential Notes
(a) Predominant sector for program participants.
(b) Water savings are estimated per the AWE model based on program participation data. Program water saving assumptions are included in Appendix B. (d) Passive water savings are water savings associated with the natural change out of water using fixtures and devices with higher efficiency ones, due to plumbing code and market changes. Passive savings are estimated for the whole service area. (c) Water savings for the sustained reduction program are per the average monthly water savings provided by City staff, assuming the monthly savings remained consistent following the assessment period.

EKI C40180.00 4-12
EKI Environment Water, Inc.

December 2025
Power BI DesktopFigure 4-2
Estimated Annual Water Savings Achieved by Conservation Programs City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership EKI C40180.00
Abbreviations:

CII = commercial, industrial, institutional
HET = high eﬃciency toilet
A. Active Conservation Savings by Year and End Use
0 500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Year
Annual Savings (acre-feet)
2010 2015 2020
End Use Both Indoor Outdoor
B. Active Conservation Savings by Year and Sector Group 0 500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Year
Annual Savings (acre-feet)
2010 2015 2020
Sector Group (b) Residential CII Multiple
C. Active Conservation Savings by Year and Program Category 0 500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Year
Annual Savings (acre-feet)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024
Program Category (c)(d)
Audits & Reports
Clothes Washers
Cooling & Heating Systems
Graywater
HET
Irrigation Systems & Devices
Leaks and Water Losses
Other
Pools & Fountains
Rainwater Harvesting
Turf Replacement
Urinal
Notes:
(a) See Table 4-4 for program end use, sector, category information and detailed savings by program. (b) Programs are summarized by Residential, CII, Irrigation, or Multiple sector groups based on their targeted sectors. Programs that cannot be exclusively assigned to the Residential, CII, Irrigation sector groups are assigned to the Multiple sector group. (c) HET program also includes bathroom direct installs. (d) Program categories with minimal historical savings may not be visible from this ﬁgure. EKI Environment & Water, Inc.

December 20254-13
Section 4 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
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19 December 2025
4-14 EKI C40180.00

4.3.2 Estimated Water Savings for Six Selected Programs Based on Customer Billing Data The City currently estimates water use savings associated with specific water conservation programs based on its in-house program analysis as wells savings reported in previous studies, available literature, and the AWE model ( AWE, 20 21). To verify past estimates and better represent local conditions, City customer billing data were analyzed using a modified Difference in Difference Estimation Method (Columbia Public Health, 2013) to assess typical water savings achieved through implementation of the six selected programs. As described further in Appendix C, this method compares the water use patterns in a participant group to that of a cohort group to isolate the effect of program participation on water use.

Table 4-5 summarizes the average estimated water savings for each water conservation program from 2013 through 2021 8. Table 4-6 through Table 4-11 present the detailed results of these analyses, including the number of participants analyzed each year, the average rebate amounts, the annual change in water use among participants and their comparison cohort groups, and the estimated savings values by year.

Overall, the results indicate that program particip ants tended to reduce water use following participation, consistent with the intended impacts of these initiatives. However, the data also shows considerable variation in estimated savings across accounts and years as indicated by the standard deviation of savings across the years . This variability means that while the direction of the effect aligns with expectations, the magnitude of savings for individual programs should be interpreted with caution. Negative savings values (on Table 4-6 through Table 4-11) suggest that, in those years, the program did not result in overall water savings. Negative values were observed across several programs and years, most often where participant counts were small . These instances likely reflect the combined effects of small sample sizes, program design differences, or customer-level variability, which can lead to counterintuitive results. The results show:
• SFR Cash for Grass Rebate Program – Estimated average savings of approximately 8,000 gallons per year ( gpy) per account, with a standard deviation nearly equal to the mean. This indicates that while many participants likely saved water, some showed little change or even increases, yielding high variance in savings overall. • SFR WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) – Average savings of approximately 5,600 gpy with a standard deviation of 4,400 gpy suggests moderate consistency but still substantial variation. The estimated savings fall within a plausible range for indoor efficiency efforts. • SFR WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) – Average savings of approximately 9,800 gpy with even higher standard deviation , implying that outdoor audit outcomes vary widely depending on landscape characteristics, historical irrigation patterns, presence of leaks of variable sizes, and follow-through on recommendations. • CII and MFR Cash for Grass Rebate Program – High average savings ( approximately 11,600 gpy) but extremely high standard deviation ( approximately 39,700 gpy) means

8 This time period was selected so that at least three full years of water use billing data could be analyzed following the program participation year.

Section 4 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
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results are dominated by a few large accounts, consistent with the diversity of commercial landscape sizes.
• CII WaterSmart Check -up (Indoor) Program – Negative point estimate (approximately - 8,600 gpy) but with a standard deviation larger than the estimate itself (approximately 33,500 gpy). This large uncertainty suggests the apparent negative result is not statistically meaningful; it may reflect random variation or data limitations rather than an increase in use. Only 68 accounts qualified for this analysis. As such, individual instances such as an increase in process water use that overwhelm savings would have a larger impact on the overall result.
• CII and MFR WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) Check-up – Similar to CII WaterSmart Check- up (Indoor) Program, n egative point estimate ( approximately -128,000 gpy) but with a standard deviation larger than the estimate itself ( approximately 163,000 gpy). Only ten accounts qualified for this analysis.

Table 4-5 also shows the default water savings factors included in the AWE model, which are based on available literature values and other assumptions. In comparison, water savings based on City billing data are not fully consistent with these default values. City-specific savings for all programs are lower than model default values, resulting in potential for over -estimation of program savings if the default values were used.

It should be noted that per year results in this report differ from those presented in the 2020 Report (EKI, 2020) for several reasons: (1) new program participation data are included, which changed the participants that qualifies for this analysis and their corresponding water use patterns; and (2) data -processing updates were applied including removal of duplicates , backfilling missing account numbers, exclusion of the top 1% of outliers, and limiting the dataset to accounts with complete annual billing records (See Appendix C).

Across all programs, the difference-in-difference analysis results indicate that average water savings are mostly directionally consistent with expected program impacts, but the high standard deviations suggest that year-to-year and participant-to-participant variation is substantial. These results should therefore be interpreted as evidence of general conservation ef fects rather than precise measurements of program-specific performance.

Section 4 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
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19 December 2025
4-16 EKI C40180.00
Table 4-5 Average Estimated Water Savings Achieved by Selected Conservation Programs, 2013-2021
Conservation
Program
Number of
Participants
in Analysis
(a)
Estimated
Savings due
to Programs
(b)
(gpy/acct)
Estimated
Standard
Deviation
in Savings
(gpy/acct)
Estimated City-
Specific Unit
Savings
Default AWE
Model Unit
Savings
Factors
SFR Cash for Grass
Rebate Program 591 7,983 7,998 9.69 gpy/sq ft 36 gpy/sq ft SFR WaterSmart
Check-up (Indoor)
Program
589 5,660 4,397 5,660 gpy/acct
12,373
gpy/acct SFR WaterSmart
Check-up (Outdoor)
Program
138 9,818 13,572 9,818 gpy/acct
CII and MFR Cash for
Grass Rebate Program 67 11,596 39,691 4.45 gpy/sq ft 36 gpy/sq ft CII WaterSmart
Check-up (Indoor)
Program
68 -8,644 (c) 33,474 -8,644 gpy/acct --
CII and MFR
WaterSmart Check-up
(Outdoor) Program
10 -238,566 (c) 237,266 -238,566
gpy/acct
325,945
gpy/acct
Abbreviations:

CII = commercial, industrial, and institutional
MFR = multi-family residential
SFR = Single Family Residential

Notes:
(a) Program participants included in this analysis are limited to those that: (1) have only participated in the specified program, (2) have only participated in the program in the specified year, and (3) have sufficient water use data within the study periods. Thus, participants in this analysis may be substantially fewer than have participated in a program overall and may span shorter timeframe of participation than the total program lifetime. (b) Estimated annual water savings associated with the program are calculated as the incremental amount of water saved by the program participants over that of the comparison cohort accounts, as shown in Table 4-6 through Table 4-11. Water savings comparison cohorts are stratified (1) geographically based on Census Block Groups for single-family customers and (2) by sector type for other customer sectors.
(c) A negative value indicates that average water use increased following program participation.

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Table 4-6 Estimated Water Savings Achieved by the SFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program
Year Number of
Participants
Total Turf
Removed
(sq ft)
Average Water Use
Reduction Estimated
Savings due to
Program
(gpy/acct) (c)
Estimated
Unit Savings
(gpy/sq ft) (d)
Participant
Group
(gpy) (a)
Cohort
Group
(gpy) (b)
2013 38 33,931 19,145 12,679 6,466 7.24
2014 118 84,989 26,144 15,131 11,013 15.29
2015 247 204,116 17,893 10,195 7,697 9.31
2016 95 93,563 5,453 2,362 3,091 3.14
2017 11 7,609 -4,455 -6,455 2,000 2.89
2018 10 6,752 -9,017 -4,188 -4,829 -7.15
2019 6 2,785 -7,944 -801 -7,143 -15.39
2020 9 6,402 21,426 7,110 14,316 20.13
2021 57 46,794 24,868 8,724 16,144 19.67
Total 591 486,941 -- -- -- --
Average -- -- 17,214 9,228 7,987 9.69
Abbreviations:
sq ft = square foot
gpy = gallons per year
gpy/acct = gallons per year per account
gpy/sq ft = gallons per square foot
-- = not applicable
Notes:
(a) Program participants included in this analysis are limited to those that: (1) have only participated in the specified program, (2) have only participated in the specified year, and (3) have sufficient water use data within the study periods. Thus, participants in this analysis may be substantially fewer than have participated in a program overall and may span shorter timeframe of participation than the total program lifetime. (b) Cohorts accounts included in this analysis are customers that have not participated in any programs based on available data. Water savings comparison cohorts are stratified (1) geographically based on Census Block Groups for single-family customers and (2) by sector type for other customer sectors.
(c) Estimated annual water savings associated with the program are calculated as incremental amount of water saved by the program participants over that of the comparison cohort accounts, i.e., water use reduction observed in the participant group subtracted by water use reduction observed in the cohort group.
(d) Estimated unit savings are total estimated savings divided by total turf removed. In other words, the estimated savings per account multiplied by the number of participants divided by the total turf removed.

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Table 4-7 Estimated Water Savings Achieved by the SFR WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program
Year Number of
Participants
Average Water Use Reduction Estimated Savings
due to Program
(gpy/acct) (c)
Participant Group
(gpy) (a)
Cohort Group
(gpy) (b)
2013 13 24,833 12,957 11,877
2014 16 20,115 13,950 6,165
2015 7 6,143 8,076 -1,933
2016 121 5,525 2,365 3,160
2017 330 3,192 -4,767 7,958
2018 42 -3,972 -3,316 -656
2019 31 1,710 1,111 599
2020 20 7,642 5,156 2,485
2021 9 11,481 6,474 5,007
Total 589 -- -- --
Average -- 4,333 -1,329 5,660
Abbreviations:
gpy = gallons per year
gpy/acct = gallons per year per account
-- = not applicable

Notes:
(a) Program participants included in this analysis are limited to those that: (1) have only participated in the specified program, (2) have only participated in the specified year, and (3) have sufficient water use data within the study periods. Thus, participants in this analysis may be substantially fewer than have participated in a program overall and may span shorter timeframe of participation than the total program lifetime. (b) Cohorts accounts included in this analysis are customers that have not participated in any programs based on available data. Water savings comparison cohorts are stratified (1) geographically based on Census Block Groups for single-family customers and (2) by sector type for other customer sectors.
(c) Estimated annual water savings associated with the program are calculated as incremental amount of water saved by the program participants over that of the comparison cohort accounts, i.e., water use reduction observed in the participant group subtracted by water use reduction observed in the cohort group.

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Table 4-8 Estimated Water Savings Achieved by the SFR WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) Program
Year Number of
Participants
Average Water Use Reduction Estimated Savings
due to Program
(gpy/acct) (c)
Participant
Group (gpy) (a)
Cohort Group
(gpy) (b)
2013 6 20,333 11,251 9,082
2014 10 28,933 14,888 14,046
2015 2 28,833 11,912 16,921
2016 2 -4,417 861 -5,278
2017 1 -10,667 -4,553 -6,114
2018 4 -10,542 -3,876 -6,666
2019 5 35,767 123 35,643
2020 19 16,088 6,520 9,568
2021 89 17,830 8,734 9,095
Total 138 -- -- --
Average -- 17,961 8,143 9,818
Abbreviations:
gpy = gallons per year
gpy/acct = gallons per year per account
-- = not applicable

Notes:
(a) Program participants included in this analysis are limited to those that: (1) have only participated in the specified program, (2) have only participated in the specified year, and (3) have sufficient water use data within the study periods. Thus, particip ants in this analysis may be substantially fewer than have participated in a program overall and may span shorter timeframe of participation than the total program lifetime.
(b) Cohorts accounts included in this analysis are customers that have not participated in any programs based on available data. Water savings comparison cohorts are stratified (1) geographically based on Census Block Groups for single -family customers and (2) by sector type for other customer sectors.
(c) Estimated annual water savings associated with the program are calculated as incremental amount of water saved by the program participants over that of the comparison cohort accounts, i.e., water use reduction observed in the participant group subtracted by water use reduction observed in the cohort group.

Section 4 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
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19 December 2025
4-20 EKI C40180.00
Table 4-9 Estimated Water Savings Achieved by the CII and MFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program
Year Number of
Participants
Total Turf
Removed
(sq ft)
Average Water Use
Reduction Estimated
Savings due to
Program
(gpy/acct) (c)
Estimated
Unit Savings
(gpy/sq ft) (d)
Participant
Group
(gpy) (a)
Cohort
Group
(gpy) (b)
2013 7 48,410 48,629 -7,625 56,253 8.13
2014 16 28,739 77,094 34,079 43,015 23.95
2015 24 54,911 -23,315 20,895 -44,210 -19.32
2016 11 26,707 29,576 9,761 19,814 8.16
2017 1 270 54,333 4,145 50,189 185.88
2020 1 3,155 27,333 -22,910 50,244 15.93
2021 6 21,286 72,567 -6,956 79,523 22.42
Total 66 183,478 -- -- -- --
Average -- -- 28,132 15,761 12,371 4.45
Abbreviations:
sq ft = square foot
gpy = gallons per year
gpy/acct = gallons per year per account
gpy/sq ft = gallons per square foot
-- = not applicable

Notes:
(a) Program participants included in this analysis are limited to those that: (1) have only participated in the specified program, (2) have only participated in the specified year, and (3) have sufficient water use data within the study periods. Thus, particip ants in this analysis may be substantially fewer than have participated in a program overall and may span shorter timeframe of participation than the total program lifetime.
(b) Cohorts accounts included in this analysis are customers that have not participated in any programs based on available data. Water savings comparison cohorts are stratified (1) geographically based on Census Block Groups for single -family customers and (2) by sector type for other customer sectors.
(c) Estimated annual water savings associated with the program are calculated as incremental amount of water saved by the program participants over that of the comparison cohort accounts, i.e., water use reduction observed in the participant group subtracted by water use reduction observed in the cohort group.
(d) Estimated unit savings are total estimated savings divided by total turf removed. In other words, the estimated savings per account multiplied by the number of participants divided by the total turf removed.

Section 4 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
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19 December 2025
4-21 EKI C40180.00
Table 4-10 Estimated Water Savings Achieved by the CII WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program
Year Number of
Participants
Average Water Use Reduction Estimated Savings
due to Program
(gpy/acct) (c)
Participant Group
(gpy) (a)
Cohort Group
(gpy) (b)
2013 2 27,167 -42,709 69,364
2015 6 52,889 24,217 28,672
2016 12 7,611 16,302 -8,691
2017 14 6,988 3,368 3,620
2018 2 -18,667 4,819 -23,486
2020 5 50,967 18,237 32,730
2021 27 -23,991 11,624 -35,615
Total 68 -- -- --
Average -- 1,920 10,564 -8,644
Abbreviations:
gpy = gallons per year
gpy/acct = gallons per year per account
-- = not applicable

Notes:
(a) Program participants included in this analysis are limited to those that: (1) have only participated in the specified program, (2) have only participated in the specified year, and (3) have sufficient water use data within the study periods. Thus, particip ants in this analysis may be substantially fewer than have participated in a program overall and may span shorter timeframe of participation than the total program lifetime.
(b) Cohorts accounts included in this analysis are customers that have not participated in any programs based on available data. Water savings comparison cohorts are stratified (1) geographically based on Census Block Groups for single -family customers and (2) by sector type for other customer sectors.
(c) Estimated annual water savings associated with the program are calculated as incremental amount of water saved by the program participants over that of the comparison cohort accounts, i.e., water use reduction observed in the participant group subtracted by water use reduction observed in the cohort group.

Section 4 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
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19 December 2025
4-22 EKI C40180.00
Table 4-11 Estimated Water Savings Achieved by the CII and MFR WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) Program
Year Number of
Participants
Average Water Use Reduction Estimated Savings
due to Program
(gpy/acct) (c)
Participant Group
(gpy) (a)
Cohort Group
(gpy) (b)
2018 1 -62,667 4,819 -67,486
2020 6 -390,200 19,332 -409,532
2021 3 60,833 14,493 46,340
Total 10 -- -- --
Average -- -222,137 16,429 -238,566
Abbreviations:
gpy = gallons per year
gpy/acct = gallons per year per account
-- = not applicable

Note:
(a) Program participants included in this analysis are limited to those that: (1) have only participated in the specified program, (2) have only participated in the specified year, and (3) have sufficient water use data within the study periods. Thus, particip ants in this analysis may be substantially fewer than have participated in a program overall and may span shorter timeframe of participation than the total program lifetime.
(b) Cohorts accounts included in this analysis are customers that have not participated in any programs based on available data. Water savings comparison cohorts are stratified (1) geographically based on Census Block Groups for single -family customers and (2) by sector type for other customer sectors.
(c) Estimated annual water savings associated with the program are calculated as incremental amount of water saved by the program participants over that of the comparison cohort accounts, i.e., water use reduction observed in the participant group subtracted by water use reduction observed in the cohort group.

4.4 Spatial Trends in Program Participation
Given the large amount of program participation data for some programs , it can be helpful to understand whether participation in these programs has been evenly distributed across the service area, or if participation tends to be clustered in certain regions. To identify program participation density for conservation programs in the City service area, a geostatistical spatial analysis was performed.9 This analysis identifies participation “hot spots,” which are areas where

9 The Esri ArcGIS Pro 3.4 Optimized Hot Spot Analysis tool was used for spatial hot spot analysis of program participation. The hot spot analysis calculates a Getis-Ord GI* statistic for each cell, creating a map of statistically significant hot and cold spots. This evaluates how the event (in this case, participation in the program) clusters spatially, by looking at the cell in the context of the neighboring cells. For the purposes of this study, the override settings in the tool were used, specifying a 1,000-foot cell size in a hexagonal grid.

Section 4 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
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a higher density of participation is observed than would be expected by randomly distributed participation. Simila rly, “cold spots,” or areas of lower -than-expected participation, are identified. Ineligible parcels (i.e., parcels with no sector use relevant to each respective conservation program) were excluded from each analysis, as well as parcels larger than 1 acre to avoid skewing density mapping. It should be noted that the criteria for inclus ion of participants for these analyses are different from those of Section 4.3.2, and thus the number of participants and range of dates analyzed for each program might be different. High density participation areas are identified in red and low-density participation areas are identified in blue on Figure 4-3 through Figure 4-8.

Figure 4-3 through Figure 4-5 show the results of the participation density analysis for the SFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program, the SFR WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program, and the SFR WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) Program, all of which are offered to SFR customers.

These three programs showed generally similar spatial patterns of participation during 2020-2024.
• Areas of high participation are observed in the eastern edge (i.e., Oakmont), southeastern (i.e., Montgomery-Bennet Valley area), and western portions of the City; and • Areas of low participation in the Fountaingrove area and from downtown to the southern boundary.

The SFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program, however, had higher participation in the northwestern portions of the City but less participation in the eastern Oakmont area than the SFR WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) Program, which also targets outdoor water use.

Figure 4-6 through Figure 4-8 show the results of the participation density analysis for the CII and MFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program , CII WaterSmart Check -up (Indoor) Program, and the CII and MFR WaterSmart Check -up (Outdoor) Program. These programs show a similar pattern of participation , with areas of higher participation in the northwestern commercial hub and the downtown area . The CII WaterSmart Check -up (Indoor) Program had higher participation in the downtown area than programs that target outdoor water use.

The 2020 -2024 participation for the three SFR programs and the CII and MFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program are similar to those prior to 2020 (EKI, 2020). Based on these analyses, the City could consider targeting program outreach for SFR programs to portions of its service area with historically low participation, particularly in the northern and southern portions of the City with higher levels per-unit residential water use as shown on Figure 3-10.

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4.5 Building Stock Characteristics
Certain characteristics related to building age can influence, or at least be correlated with, water use. In general, older h omes and businesses tend to have higher water u sing fixtures that were installed prior to passage of key changes to the Federal and California Plumbing, Energy, and Building Codes; these accounts present an opportunity for increasing water conservation. Homes and businesses with larger landscaped areas tend to use more water volumetrically than those with smaller landscaped areas. Similarly, larger homes may have more occupants and therefore more water use.

To assess the distribution of housing stock and other key water use characteristics, service area- wide data were evaluated based on Sonoma County Assessor parcel data. This data included lot sizes and building construction date for residential program participants. Building construction data for parcels within the City based on Sonoma County Assessor data is shown on Figure 4-9.

This figure shows parcels for all land use types for which building construction date is available (e.g., residential, commercial, open space, etc.).

Building stock characteristics of conservation program participants for each of the six selected programs between 2020 and 2024 are summarized in Table 4-12.10 As discussed above, this analysis focuses on participation over the past five years and serves as an update to the 2020 Report for the four programs that were analyzed previously. The first chart shows the total number of participants by program by age of building construction, while the second chart shows the results after controlling for the relative number of parcels within each age category.

The average year of building construction for participants in each program ranged from 1965 to 1987. For all conservation programs, the majority of program participants 2020-2024 are in buildings built prior to 1994. When the results are normalized based on total building stock, SFR participants in pre-1994 homes, MFR participants in 1994-2009 buildings, and CII participants in newer buildings had higher rates of participation . While participation among CII and MFR customers differs more noticeably by building age , SFR customer participation in conservation programs is relatively consistent across all home age ranges.

When compared to program participation data prior to 2020 (EKI, 2020), the City appears to have reached more SFR customers in pre -1994 homes over the recent years. There was a significant increase in CII participants in 1994-2009 buildings of the CII and MFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program . There remains opportunity to increase participation in the CII and MFR programs in pre-1994 buildings.

4.6 Demographic Characteristics of Residential Conservation Program Participation Residential conservation programs are open to all residents in the City service area. Although the programs are available to all residents, those with certain demographic characteristics tend to participate at higher rates than others in some programs. The analyses described in the following sections were performed for the five selected programs in order to better understand trends in

10 Results for CII and MFR participants are shown separately, given the diversity of building stock.

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customer demographics among residential conservation program participants in the City – specifically, income, whether the home occupants rent or own the property, and household age.

4.6.1 Household Income Trends
Household income data were based on the estimated median household income by Census Block Group (U.S. Census Bureau, 2024).11 The following sections discuss the breakdown of program participation in residential programs by income classification. These income levels are defined as follows: low income (<$ 80,550/year), moderate income ($ 80,550 - $122,950), and high income (>$122,950), based on Sonoma County income designations for a two-person household (HCD, 2023). Given that these classifications reflect the median of all households in a given Census Block Group, this reflects the predominant income for that area (neighborhood) but does not mean that every participant or household in that area falls within the same income group.

Figure 4-10 shows the distribution of income groups across the service area and Table 4-13 shows the distribution of residential program participants by income level. The first chart in Table 4-13 shows the percentage of participants in each program that live in areas of each income level grouping for residential program participants only. The second chart on Table 4-13 shows participation rates controlled for the number of parcels within the service area within each income group. Participation varied among conservation programs, with greater participation occurring in the medium income level for the MFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program12 and greater participation in the higher income level for all other programs.

When compared to program participation data prior to 2020 (EKI, 2020), the City appears to have reached higher income households over the recent years that had lower participation in the past.

There remain opportunities to increase program participation for higher income households in the CII and MFR Cash for Grass Program, as well as for lower income households in the SFR programs.

4.6.2 Homeownership Trends
In order to evaluate whether home ownership appears to be a driving factor in program participation, residential program participation was compared to the proportion of the population that live in renter -occupied homes, based on Census data. Rentership status was based on Census estimates of the population within a Census Block Group that live in a renter - occupied home versus an owner -occupied home (U.S. Census Bureau, 2024). Rentership is thus presented as the proportion of the population within a Census Block Group that lives in a renter- occupied home. A Census Block Group with a rentership of less than 25% indicates that the area consists primarily of owner-occupied homes, while a rentership population of greater than 75% indicates that the area is predominantly made up of those who rent their homes.

Figure 4-11 shows the distribution of renter -occupancy rate across the City. Table 4-14 shows the distribution of residential program participation by the percentage of the population that live in renter-occupied homes (rentership) for residential program participants only. The first chart in

11 Census Block Group is the smallest geographical unit for which the United States Census Bureau publishes income data.
12 While both CII and MFR customers are targeted by this program, only MFR customers were considered in this analysis.

Section 4 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
Conservation Program Participation City of Santa Rosa
19 December 2025
4-32 EKI C40180.00
Table 4-14 shows the percentage of participants in each program that live in areas of each percent rentership grouping. The second chart in Table 4-14 shows participation rates controlled for the number of customers within the City that fall within each rentership classification.

Participation in conservation programs was generally higher in Census Block Groups with a lower percentage of rentership (high home ownership) for the SFR programs, in the low to moderate rentership for the MFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program, and in the moderate to high rentership for the MFR WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) Program.

These results are generally consistent with the results observed with pre -2020 program participation data (EKI, 2020), which suggest that the highest participation in several programs occurs generally by customers who own their homes . There remain opportunities to increase participation by targeting areas of higher rentership, particularly for the SFR programs and the MFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program.

4.6.3 Household Age Trends
Median household age is based on Census estimates of the median age of household members by Census Block Group (U.S. Census Bureau, 2024). Median age is broken up as follows: <35 years old, 35-45 years old, 45-55 years old, and >55 years old. Given that these classifications reflect the median age of all household members in a given Census Block Group, this reflects the predominant age for that area but does not mean that every participant or hous ehold in that area falls within the same age group.

Figure 4-12 shows the distribution of median household age by Census Block Group across the service area and Table 4-15 shows the distribution of residential program participants by age group for residential program participants only. The first chart in Table 4-15 shows the percentage of participants in each program that live in areas of each household age grouping.

The second chart in Table 4-15 shows participation rates controlled for the number of parcels within the service area within each median household age group.

The SFR programs and the MFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program appear to have low participation by customers in the youngest age group and high participation by customers in the oldest age group . Participants in the MFR WaterSmart Check -up (Outdoor) Program were relatively evenly distributed between age groups (<5% relative difference across all age groups).

These results are generally consistent with the results observed with pre -2020 program participation data (EKI, 2020) and suggest that the City could benefit from targeting younger age groups for the SFR programs and the MFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program , particularly those who are 35 years of age or younger.

Year of Construction
pre-1994 1994-2009 2010 and
Later
SFR 1976 9,032 0.21 78% 19% 3%
SFR 1979 8,903 0.20 74% 17% 8%
SFR 1979 9,959 0.23 73% 17% 10%
CII 1981 13,758 0.32 71% 24% 6%
MFR 1975 35,112 0.81 75% 25% 0%
WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program CII 1984 48,875 1.12 66% 23% 11% CII 1987 8,925 0.20 81% 0% 19%
MFR 1965 9,374 0.22 73% 27% 0%
Avg Year
Built
Avg Lot Size
(sq ft)
Avg Lot Size
(ac)Sector
Table 4-11 Building Stock Characteristics by Program Participants Water Efficiency Program (a)
Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program
WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program
WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) Program
WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) Program
Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program
City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership 78% 74% 73% 71% 75% 66%
81% 73%
19% 17% 17% 24% 25% 23% 0%
27%3% 8% 10% 6%
0%
11%
19%
0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
SFR Cash for Grass
Rebate Green
Exchange Program
SFR WaterSmart
Check-up (Indoor)
Program
SFR WaterSmart
Check-up
(Outdoor) Program
CII Cash for Grass
Rebate Green
Exchange Program
MFR Cash for
Grass Rebate
Green Exchange
Program
CII WaterSmart
Check-up (Indoor)
Program
CII WaterSmart
Check-up
(Outdoor) Program
MFR WaterSmart
Check-up
(Outdoor) Program
Conservation Program Participants - Year of Building Construction pre-1994 1994-2009 2010 and Later
Relative Difference in Program Participation by Year of Building Construction (b) EKI C40180.00 4-37
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December 2025
Table 4-11 Building Stock Characteristics by Program Participants City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Abbreviations:
ac = acre MFR = multi-family residential
avg = average SFR = single family residential
CII = commercial, industrial, and institutional sq ft = square feet Notes:
(a)
(b) Relative difference is calculated as the percentage of program participation by year of construction minus the overall percentage of residential customers by year of construction within the service area.

Program participants included in this analysis are limited to those for which relevant parcel data are available (Sonoma County, 2025).

6.9%

3.7%

2.2%
-8.9%
-4.7%
-13.7%

1.4%
-7.0%

0.3%
-1.8%
-2.0%

8.2%

8.8%

7.4%
-15.4%

11.1%
-7.2%
-2.0%
-0.1%

0.8%
-4.1%

6.3%

13.9%
-4.1%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
SFR Cash for Grass
Rebate Green
Exchange Program
SFR WaterSmart
Check-up (Indoor)
Program
SFR WaterSmart
Check-up
(Outdoor) Program
CII Cash for Grass
Rebate Green
Exchange Program
MFR Cash for Grass
Rebate Green
Exchange Program
CII WaterSmart
Check-up (Indoor)
Program
CII WaterSmart
Check-up
(Outdoor) Program
MFR WaterSmart
Check-up
(Outdoor) Program
Relative Difference in Program Participation by Year of Building Construction (b) Pre-1994 1994-2009 2010 and Later
EKI C40180.00 4-38
EKI Environment & Water, Inc.

December 2025
SFR Cash for
Grass Rebate
Green Exchange
Program
SFR WaterSmart
Check-up
(Indoor)
Program
SFR WaterSmart
Check-up
(Outdoor)
Program
MFR Cash for
Grass Rebate
Green Exchange
Program (c)
CII WaterSmart
Check-up
(Indoor)
Program
Low Income <$80,550 29% 10% 18% 15% 14% 15%
Moderate Income $80,550 - $122,950 45% 35% 31% 30% 78% 30% High Income >$122,950 25% 54% 51% 55% 8% 55%
Table 4-12 Residential Customer Program Participation by Median Household Income City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Median Household Income (a) Percentage of
Residential
Customers in
Santa Rosa (b)
Percentage of Participating Residential Customers, 2020-2024 (b) 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
SFR Cash for Grass
Rebate Green Exchange
Program
SFR WaterSmart Check-
up (Indoor) Program
SFR WaterSmart Check-
up (Outdoor) Program
MFR Cash for Grass
Rebate Green Exchange
Program (c)
CII WaterSmart Check-up
(Indoor) Program
Program Participation by Median Household Income
Low Income Moderate Income High Income
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December 2025
Table 4-12 Residential Customer Program Participation by Median Household Income City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Abbreviations:

CII = commercial, industrial, institutional HCD = United States Department of Housing and Community Development Notes:
(a)
(b)
(c) While both CII and MFR customers are targeted by this program, only MFR customers were considered in this analysis. (d)
References:

1. Census, 2023. 2019-2023 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. TIGER/Line Shapefiles by Block Group, United States Census Bureau, downloaded on 28 May 2025. https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping-files/time-series/geo/tiger-line-file.html

2. HCD, 2023. Memorandum: 2023 State Income Limits, California Department of Housing and Community Development, dated 6 June 2023.

Relative difference is calculated as the percentage of program participation by income group minus the overall percentage of residential customers by income group within the service area.

Household income is based on the estimated 2023 median household income by Census Block Group, per Census (2023). Income level groupings are based on California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) income levels for Sonoma County for a 2-person household in 2023 (HCD, 2025). The average persons per household is 2.4 for Sonoma County, based on Census data.

Residential customers include both single-family and multi-family customers. Participants included in this analysis are limited to those who participated between 2020 and 2024 and for which location data are available. -25%
-15%
-5%
5%
15%
25%
35%
SFR Cash for Grass
Rebate Green Exchange
Program
SFR WaterSmart Check-
up (Indoor) Program
SFR WaterSmart Check-
up (Outdoor) Program
MFR Cash for Grass
Rebate Green Exchange
Program (c)
CII WaterSmart Check-
up (Indoor) Program
Relative Difference in Program Participation by Income Group (d) Low Income Moderate Income High Income
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December 2025
SFR Cash for
Grass Rebate
Green Exchange
Program
SFR WaterSmart
Check-up
(Indoor)
Program
SFR WaterSmart
Check-up
(Outdoor)
Program
MFR Cash for
Grass Rebate
Green Exchange
Program (c)
MFR
WaterSmart
Check-up
(Outdoor)
Program (c)
Low Rentership ≤25% 36% 50% 47% 50% 30% 26%
Low to Moderate Rentership 25.1%-50% 34% 32% 32% 32% 50% 19% Moderate to High Rentership 50.1%-75% 24% 15% 17% 15% 14% 42% High Rentership >75% 6.0% 3% 4% 3% 6% 13%
Table 4-13 Residential Customer Program Participation by Percentage of Renters City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Percentage of Renters (a)
Percentage of
Residential
Customers in
Santa Rosa (b)
Percentage of Participating Residential Customers, 2020-2024 (b) 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
SFR Cash for Grass Rebate
Green Exchange Program
SFR WaterSmart Check-up
(Indoor) Program
SFR WaterSmart Check-up
(Outdoor) Program
MFR Cash for Grass
Rebate Green Exchange
Program (c)
MFR WaterSmart Check-
up (Outdoor) Program (c)
Program Participation by Percentage of Renters
Low Rentership Low to Moderate Rentership Moderate to High Rentership High Rentership EKI C40180.00 4-41
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December 2025
Table 4-13 Residential Customer Program Participation by Percentage of Renters City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Abbreviations:

CII = commercial, industrial, and institutional MFR = multi-family residential SFR = single family residential
Notes:
(a)
(b)
(c) While both CII and MFR customers are targeted by this program, only MFR customers were considered in this analysis. (d)
References:

1. Census, 2023. 2019-2023 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. TIGER/Line Shapefiles by Block Group, https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping-files/time-series/geo/tiger-line-file.html. United States Census Bureau, downloaded on 28 May 2025.

Relative difference is calculated as the percentage of program participation by percent of renters group minus the overall percentage of residential customers by percent of renters group within the service area.

Percent rentership reflects the proportion of population within a given Census Block Group that lives in renter‐occupied homes. Low rentership indicates an area consists predominantly of owner‐occupied homes; high rentership indicates an area consists predominantly of renter‐occupied homes. Rentership is based on estimated percentage of rentership by Census Block Group, per (Census, 2023). -25%
-15%
-5%
5%
15%
25%
SFR Cash for Grass Rebate
Green Exchange Program
SFR WaterSmart Check-up
(Indoor) Program
SFR WaterSmart Check-up
(Outdoor) Program
MFR Cash for Grass
Rebate Green Exchange
Program (c)
MFR WaterSmart Check-
up (Outdoor) Program (c)
Relative Difference in Program Participation by Percentage of Renters Group (d) Low Rentership Low to Moderate Rentership Moderate to High Rentership High Rentership EKI C40180.00 4-42
EKI Environment & Water, Inc.

December 2025
SFR Cash for Grass
Rebate Green
Exchange Program
SFR WaterSmart
Check-up (Indoor)
Program
SFR WaterSmart
Check-up (Outdoor)
Program
MFR Cash for Grass
Rebate Green
Exchange Program
(c)
MFR WaterSmart
Check-up (Outdoor)
Program (c)
20% 9% 10% 10% 10% 16%
40% 33% 32% 25% 14% 35%
23% 31% 30% 31% 8% 19%
17% 27% 28% 34% 68% 29%
Table 4-14 Residential Customer Program Participation by Median Household Age Median Household Age (a)
Percentage of
Residential
Customers in Santa
Rosa (b)
Percentage of Participating Residential Customers, 2020-2024 (b) <35 Years
35-45 Years
45-55 Years
>55 Years
City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
SFR Cash for Grass Rebate
Green Exchange Program
SFR WaterSmart Check-up
(Indoor) Program
SFR WaterSmart Check-up
(Outdoor) Program
MFR Cash for Grass Rebate
Green Exchange Program (c)
MFR WaterSmart Check-up
(Outdoor) Program (c)
Program Participation by Median Household Age
<35 Years 35-45 Years 45-55 Years >55 Years
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December 2025
Table 4-14 Residential Customer Program Participation by Median Household Age City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Abbreviations:

CII = commercial, industrial, and institutional MFR = multi-family residential SFR = single family residential
Notes:
(a) Median household age is based on the estimated median age of household members by Census Block Group, per (Census, 2023). (b)
(c) While both CII and MFR customers are targeted by this program, only MFR customers were considered in this analysis. (d)
References:

1. on 28 May 2025.

Census, 2023. 2019-2023 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. TIGER/Line Shapefiles by Block Group, https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping- files/time-series/geo/tiger-line-file.html, United States Census Bureau, downloaded on 28 May 2025.

Relative difference is calculated as the percentage of program participation by household age group minus the overall percentage of residential customers by household age group within the service area.

Residential customers include both single-family and multi-family customers. Participants included in this analysis are limited to those who participated between 2020 and 2024 and for which location data are available. -30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
SFR Cash for Grass Rebate
Green Exchange Program
SFR WaterSmart Check-up
(Indoor) Program
SFR WaterSmart Check-up
(Outdoor) Program
MFR Cash for Grass Rebate
Green Exchange Program
(c)
MFR WaterSmart Check-up
(Outdoor) Program (c)
Relative Difference in Program Participation by Household Age Group (d) <35 Years 35-45 Years 45-55 Years >55 Years
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Section 4 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
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4.7 Summary
Sections 4.3 through 4.6 above identify opportunities for the City to increase customer participation in each of the six programs through targeted outreach to certain customer classes.

The results of these analyses can be combined to identify specific customers by overlaying these results spatially. For example, one may identify SFR customers to target with the Cash for Gra ss Rebate Green Exchange and WaterSmart Check -up Programs by overlaying customers in areas:
(1) outside of the high participation areas identified on Figure 4-3 through Figure 4-5, i.e., in the northern and southern portions of the City, (2) within the low income areas identified on Figure 4-10, and (3) in areas of with between 50 -75% rentership as shown on Figure 4-11, and (4) in areas with younger household age groups as shown on Figure 4-12. By overlaying these key metrics, Figure 4-13 shows SFR customers identified for potential targeting with Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program or WaterSmart Check-up outreach materials.

With the MFR sector, customers to potentially target with the Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program are (1) in portions of the service area other than the northwest, which is largely saturated, as shown on Figure 4-6, (2) residing in pre-1994 buildings, (3) within the high or low income areas, (4) in areas with between 50-75% rentership, and (5) in areas with younger household age groups.

Section 5 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
Water Demand Projections City of Santa Rosa
19 December 2025
5-1 EKI C40180.00
5 WATER DEMAND PROJECTIONS
The purpose of this section is to document the basis, methodology, and resulting projected demands for the City through 2050. As described in more detail below, the future water demands for the City were estimated by:
1) Applying an estimated growth rate to accounts within each water use sector based on projected population and employment growth rates,
2) Evaluating and selecting water demand factors for each water use sector based on review of recent average per account water use representing three scenarios, 3) Estimating future passive savings using the Alliance for Water Efficiency (AWE) Water Conservation Tracking Tool (AWE model), and
4) Calculating estimated future water demand that incorporates the anticipated account growth, water demand factors, and estimated future passive water savings.

This methodology is consistent with CWC § 10631(d)(4)(A), which requires that “Water use projections, where available, shall display and account for the water savings estimated to result from adopted codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans identified by the urban water supplier, as applicable to the s ervice area.” The assumptions used as the basis for demand projections were developed in close coordination with the City and reflect a land-use based approach consistent with the City’s community planning.

5.1 Basis for Account Growth Projections
Baseline water demand is estimated by multiplying the number of accounts by the sector-specific demand factors, before applying other adjustment factors. In order to estimate how accounts will grow within the City, recent historical account growth within the City was considered, as well as projected future growth in population and employment. As described below, it was assumed that depending on the customer sector, the number of accounts will grow at the same rate as the projected population or employment growth.

Table 5-1 identifies the growth projection assumptions applied to each potable water use sector per the City’s direction and identifies the average annual growth rate in accounts observed within the City from 2010-2024 to provide context for the growth assumptions. Growth for the residential sectors is based on the City’s eneral Plan 0 -2031 Housing Element population projections, which are higher than the historical growth observed in the SFR sector from 2015-2024, but lower in the multifamily sector for that same historical time period. Similarly, the projected growth for the CII sectors (commercial, industrial, and institutional/governmental) and “other” sector is based on the City’s eneral Plan 0 -2031 Housing Element employm ent projections. Irrigation account growth is based on assumptions relative to S FR, MFR and CII account growth (Santa Rosa, 2025a). There are currently no plans for expansion of the recycled water system, and thus no account growth is assumed (Santa Rosa, 2025a).

Table 5-2 presents the City’s historical population from the California epartment of inance estimates published in 2025 and population and employment growth projections for the City based on the City’s eneral Plan 0 -2031 Housing Element (PlaceWorks, 2023 ), which are based on ABAG 2018 (ABAG, 2018). The planning horizon for the 2025 UWMP is 2050; however, Section 5 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
Water Demand Projections City of Santa Rosa
19 December 2025
5-2 EKI C40180.00
the General Plan 2023 -2031 Housing Element projections extend only through 2040. For purposes of demand projections, it was assumed that the projected growth rates from 2035 through 2040 extend through 2050.

Table 5-1 Historical and Projected Account Growth Rate by Customer Sector Water Use
Sector Basis for Account Growth
Average Annual Growth (a)
Historical
(2015-2024) (b)
Projected Growth
Through 2050
Single Family (c) General Plan Population (d) 0.49% 0.91% Multifamily (c) General Plan Population (d) 2.0% 1.8%
Commercial General Plan Employment (d) 0.12% 0.24%
Institutional General Plan Employment (d) -0.55% 0.24%
Industrial General Plan Employment (d) -0.64% 0.24%
Irrigation Relative to SFR, MFR, and CII
Accounts -0.39% 0.92%
Other (e) General Plan Employment (d) 1.8% 0.24%
Recycled No growth; (140 AFY) -1.1% -
Abbreviations:

AFY = acre-feet per year
CII = commercial, industrial, institutional
MFR = multifamily residential

SFR = single family residential
UWMP = Urban Water Management Plan
WSA = Water Supply Assessment

Notes:
(a) Growth is presented on an average annual basis over the indicated period. When applied to account growth, the specific growth rate between each 5-year period was applied. (b) Historical annual growth percentage is based on the historical number of accounts. (c) To reflect a higher proportion of multi -family development from historical patterns, 50% of new households to be built within the City is allocated to single family homes and the remainder 50% is allocated multi-family homes, which aligns with the City's 2050 General Plan WSA (Santa Rosa, 2020).
(d) General Plan 2023-2031 Housing Element (PlaceWorks, 2023). (e) “Other” accounts include firelines, construction, and yard meters.

City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Historical Population Estimates (a) 178,059 177,623 175,007 175,013 174,890 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- General Plan Population Projections (b) -- -- -- -- -- 186,445 204,795 213,615 223,060 232,923 243,222 30% 1.22% Single Family Population (c) -- -- -- -- 117,006 122,668 131,659 135,981 140,609 145,442 150,489 23% 0.91% Multifamily Population (c) -- -- -- -- 57,884 63,777 73,136 77,634 82,451 87,481 92,733 45% 1.82% Historical Employment Estimates (d) 74,133 72,933 76,155 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- General Plan Employment Projections (b) -- -- -- -- -- 88,315 90,425 91,243 92,060 92,878 93,695 6% 0.24% Abbreviations:
-- = not available
ABAG = Association of Bay Area Governments
DOF = California Department of Finance
WSA = Water Supply Assessment
Notes:
(a) Historical population based on DOF estimates (DOF, 2024a). (b)
(c)
(d) Historical employment estimates per the U.S. Census Bureau (U.S. Census Bureau, 2025).

Table 5-2 Population and Employment Growth Projections Category
Growth Projections Total Growth
Rate
2024-2050
Average
Annual
Growth Rate
2024-2050
Population
Employment
Population and employment projections per the City's General Plan 2023-2031 Housing Element (PlaceWorks, 2023), which are based on ABAG 2018 (ABAG, 2018). The City's General Plan 2023- 2031 Housing Element includes projections through 2040. 2045 and 2050 population and employment projections are calculated based on 2035‐2040 growth rates.

Existing (2024) single family and multifamily population estimated per DOF household estimates (DOF, 2024b). Projected single family and multifamily population is estimated based on the assumption that 50% of new households to be built within the City will be single family homes and the remaining 50% will be multifamily homes to reflect a higher proportion of multifamily development from historical patterns, consistent with the City's 2050 General Plan WSA.

C40180.00 5-3
EKI Environment & Water
December 2025
Power BI Desktop
Population
200K
250K
Year
Population
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Source Historical Population Projected Population
Employment
70K
80K
90K
Year
Employment
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Source Historical Employment Projected Employment
Figure 5-1 Population and Employment Projections
City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership *Axis scale is truncated to show detail.
*Axis scale is truncated to show detail.

EKI C40180.00 EKI Environment & Water, Inc,
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5-4
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Water Demand Projections City of Santa Rosa
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5.2 Planned Development Within the Service Area
The City identified two planned development projects that are anticipated to come online during the planning horizon, and are in addition to the growth assumptions identified by City staff:
• Woodlands at Chanate: A 661 single family residential unit development on approximately 70 acres in the northeastern portion of the City. The total project demand is estimated to be 13 7 AFY with full buildout of the project anticipated to be completed by 2030 (Santa Rosa, 2025b).
• South Santa Rosa Area Specific Plan: The Specific Plan will guide the future development of a 1,900 -acre area in the southern portion of the City, identifying land use and transportation improvements to serve people who live, work, and play in the area. No further details on the anticipated land uses and quantities are available at the time of this report.

Water demand associated with the Woodlands at Chanate development is shown in Table 5-4.

5.3 Water Demand Factors
Water use rates are influenced by a variety of factors, including weather, economic recession, and state and local regulations, among other drivers. iven this, selecting a “representative” baseline is important to developing the land -use based water deman d factors to estimate baseline water use by existing customers, which can then be extrapolated and applied to future growth within the City. Table 5-3 shows the water demand factors used to estimate baseline water demand.

5.3.1 Potable Water
Water demand factors based on historical use within the City were used as the basis of future demand projections for potable water accounts . As discussed in Section 3.2, the City’s per-account water use declined significantly over the past 15 years due to improvements in water use efficiency and showed significant response to key events such as the 2014-2017 drought, the 2021-2023 drought, and the COVID -19 pandemic. Current ( 2024) water use is below historical levels. Potable water demand factors are developed based on the maximum per account annual water use by sector for 2017 through 2019, generally representing the lower levels of recent water use but considering some rebound to pre-2020 levels.

5.3.2 Recycled Water
Given that there are no plans currently to expand the recycled water system, no demand factors are developed for recycled water use.

5.3.3 Non-Revenue Water and Water Loss
Non-revenue water is water that has been produced but not billed and thus does not generate revenue for the supplier. To more fully capture total water use within the City, non -revenue water is estimated based on a sum of (1) unbilled authorized uses (such as water for fighting fires and flushing mains), (2) apparent water loss due to metering inaccuracies, and (3) real water loss due to distribution system leaks. Rates of non-revenue water in gpd per service connection are based on the City’s Calendar Year 2023 water loss report.

Section 5 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
Water Demand Projections City of Santa Rosa
19 December 2025
5-6 EKI C40180.00
Table 5-3 Selected Water Demand Factors
Water Use Sector Group
Water
Demand
Factor
Units Basis for Demand Factor
Water Consumption
Single Family 175 GPD/account Maximum of 2017-2019
Multi-family 845 GPD/account Maximum of 2017-2019
CII Total (a) 871 GPD/account Maximum of 2017-2019
Irrigation 1,039 GPD/account Maximum of 2017-2019
Other (b) 74 GPD/account Maximum of 2017-2019
Non-Revenue Water
Apparent Losses 3.1 GPD/connection CY 2023 Water Loss Audit Real Losses 15 GPD/connection CY 2023 Water Loss Audit
Unbilled Authorized 0.37 GPD/connection CY 2023 Water Loss Audit Abbreviations:

CY = calendar year
GPD = gallons per day
Note:
(a) Represents the combined demands of all CII sectors with mixed-use meters. The CII sectors are evaluated as a single group as the same growth rate is applied uniformly across all CII sectors ; therefore, it is mathematically equivalent to projecting each sector individually and summing the results. Final projected demands are then allocated back to each CII sector based on their relative proportions within the CII Total group.
(b) “Other” accounts include firelines, construction, and yard meters.

5.4 Passive Water Savings Estimate
Passive water savings are the water savings associated with the natural replacement of older toilets, showerheads, clothes washers, and other water using appliances with newer high efficiency devices that are available due to both market shifts and increasing efficiency mandated by the building code and other regulatory requirements. The AWE model was used to estimate future passive savings within the City (AWE, 2021). These future water savings are a result of (1) plumbing/energy codes interacting with the natural replacement of toilets, showerheads, and other water using appliances whose current or future efficiency is dictated by national, state, or local code requirements, and (2) water savings from water conservation program freeriders. The AWE model calculates efficient plumbing fixture saturation rates and takes into account historical and projected replacement of plumbing fixtures by utility programs as well a s natural replacement. The AWE model also considers estimates of historical populati on, residential building stock, number of accounts, and projected population and account growth to estimate future passive savings.

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An adjustment factor of 76% is applied to the AWE model estimates to conservatively cap passive savings at the levels estimated in the 2020 Water Demand and Conservation Measure Report (EKI, 2020). The estimated passive savings are presented in Table 5-4 and are subtracted from the water demand projected based on the water demand factors described in Section 5.3 above.

Passive savings are only applied to potable water use.

Table 5-4 Projected Demand and Passive Conservation
Water Use Sector
Projected Demand (AFY) (a)
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Potable Water
Baseline Potable Water
Demand 19,192 20,678 21,426 22,218 23,041 23,896
Estimate of Known Planned Developments
Woodlands at Chanate (b) 0 137 137 137 137 137
Passive Water Conservation
(c) (396) (1,201) (1,642) (2,042) (2,413) (2,770)
Total Potable Water Demand 18,796 19,614 19,921 20,313 20,765 21,263 Recycled Water
Recycled Water 140 140 140 140 140 140
Total Recycled Water Demand 140 140 140 140 140 140
Total Water Demand 18,936 19,754 20,061 20,453 20,905 21,403 Abbreviations:

AFY = acre-feet per year
AWE = Alliance for Water Efficiency

Notes:
(a) Water demand projections are estimated based on growth in accounts shown in Table 5-1 and the water demand factors identified in Table 5-3. Non-revenue water projections are estimated by water loss factors shown in Table 5-3 and the total growth in number of services from all sectors. (b) Water demand and buildout schedule for the Woodlands at Chanate are based on the project's Water Supply Assessment (Santa Rosa, 2025b).
(c) Passive water savings are based on the AWE Conservation Tracking Tool ; however, the savings were conservatively capped at the 2020 Water Demand and Conservation Measure Report estimates.

5.5 Projected Water Demand Through 2050
Future potable water demand was projected for each sector based on their respective demand factors, non-revenue water estimated as a proportion of total potable water production, and estimated passive savings, and is shown in Table 5-4. Given that there are no plans to expand the Section 5 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
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recycled water system, recycled water use projections are limited to its current capacity of 140 AFY. Potable water demand is projected to increase to 21,263 AFY in 205 0, which is an 30% increase over 2024 water demand.

Table 5-5 Projected Water Demand by Sector
Water Use Sector
Projected Demand (AFY) (a)
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Potable Water
Single Family Residential 9,302 9,722 9,832 9,994 10,192 10,417 Multifamily Residential 3,509 3,763 3,872 4,006 4,158 4,323 Commercial 2,186 2,163 2,133 2,106 2,084 2,063
Industrial 347 343 338 334 330 327
Institutional 333 329 325 321 317 314
Irrigation 1,823 1,907 1,991 2,075 2,159 2,243
Other 109 112 113 114 115 116
Non-Revenue Water 1,187 1,274 1,317 1,363 1,410 1,460
Total Potable Demand (b)(c) 18,796 19,614 19,921 20,313 20,765 21,263 Recycled Water
Recycled Water 140 140 140 140 140 140
Total Recycled Water
Demand 140 140 140 140 140 140
Abbreviation:

AFY = acre-feet per year

Notes:
(a) Water demand projections are estimated based on growth in accounts shown in Table 5-1 and the water demand factors identified in Table 5-3. Non-revenue water projections are estimated by water loss factors shown in Table 5-3 and the total growth in number of services from all sectors. (b) Passive savings for each sector calculated from the AWE Conservation Tracking Tool and adjusted to cap savings conservatively at levels estimated in the 2020 Water Demand and Conservation Measure Report.
(c) Totals may not sum due to rounding.

Power BI Desktop
Potable Water Demand
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
Year
Potable Water Demand (AFY)
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Source Historical Demand Projected Demand
Recycled Water Demand
80 100
120
140
160
Year
Recycled Water Demand (AFY)
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Source Historical Demand Projected Demand
Figure 5-2 Water Demand Projections
City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Abbreviations:

AFY = acre-feet per year
*Axis scale is truncated to show detail.
*Axis scale is truncated to show detail.

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5.6 Projected Compliance with UWUOs
To forecast the City’s Objective compliance, a analysis was conducted comparing the City’s projected water use to its Objectives for 2025, 2030, 2035, and 2040 . The projected water demands subjective to the Objectives and the corresponding Objectives are calculated using the following data sources and assumptions:
• Projected population, water use components subjective to the objectives (e.g., residential water use and dedicated irrigation water use) , and real water loss described in Sections

5.1 and 5.5;
• Decreasing Objective water use standards through 2040 as described in Section 2.2.1; • Residential landscape area based on values reported in the City’s iscal ear ( ) 0 -24 UWUO Annual Report and increasing proportional to population projections; • Existing (2024) CII landscape area on DIMs irrigated with potable water estimated from FY 2023-24 water use assuming a LEF of 0.80;
• Future CII landscape area on DIMs irrigated with potable water increasing proportionally with City’s irrigation accounts; and
• CII landscape area on DIMs irrigated with recycled water (i.e., Special Landscape Area) estimated from a water use of 140 AFY assuming a LEF of 1.0.

The results of this analysis show that the City is anticipated to comply with its Objectives through 2040, as shown below in Table 5-6 and Figure 5-3. Figure 5-4 compares projected values of each Objective component from 2025 through 2040 to examine relative contributions to Objectives compliance. However, agencies are only assessed against the overall Objective (i.e., they are not required to comply with the individual water use standards as long as they meet the overall Objective.

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Table 5-6 Actual and Projected Water Use vs. Urban Water Use Objectives Year (a)
Actual and Projected
Water Use Subject to
the Objectives (b)
(AFY)
UWUO
(AFY)
FY 2023-24 13,804 22,029
2025 15,577 23,076
2030 15,707 23,259
2035 15,830 21,753
2040 16,156 21,398
Figure 5-3 Actual and Projected Water Use vs. Urban Water Use Objectives

Abbreviations:

AFY = acre-feet per year
CY = calendar year
FY = fiscal year
UWUO = Urban Water Use Objective

Notes:
(a) Calendar years unless otherwise noted.
(b) Only includes the water use components that are subject to the Objective.

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Figure 5-4 Projected Water Use vs. Urban Water Use Objectives by Component

Abbreviations:

AFY = acre-feet per year
CII = commercial, industrial, and institutional
DIM = dedicated irrigation meter

Notes:

This figure provides a comparison for each component to examine their relative contributions to Objectives compliance. However, agencies are only assessed against the overall Objective (i.e., they are not required to comply with the individual water use standards as long as they meet the overall Objective

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6 CONSERVATION MEASURES UPDATE
The following section evaluates current and potential conservation programs and measures for both the City and the SMSWP. The purpose of this section is to compile programs and measures that are prioritized by both the City and by all Water Contractors in the SMSWP collectively and calculate the potential water savings and economic feasibility of the programs. Section 6.1 discusses the methodology used to prioritize conservation programs and measures. Section 6.2 describes the programs and measures given high priority for regional implementation by the nine Water Contractors collectively, and Section 6.3 describes programs and measures given high priority by the City. Next steps will include analyzing the potential water savings and cost-benefit for those programs selected by the City as both individual programs and in select program portfolios. By assessing the feasibility of these programs, the City can make more informed decisions regarding program selection and implementation.

6.1 Methodology for Screening of Potential Water Conservation Measures A comprehensive ranking list of over 100 conservation programs and measures was developed (Appendix D) to help agencies prioritize future conservation efforts and update the suite of common measures for modeling and future implementation, as required for the 2025 UWMPs.

The Water Contractors ranked their priority projects and measures, which will contribute to the broader goals of forecasting demand through 2050, evaluating demand management strategies, and meeting regulatory goals.

The list includes the measures from the prior (2015 and 2020) screenings, minus those that are now obsolete, and new measures and technologies. New measures came from the library of the AWE Conservation Tracking Tool, version 4.0 , and other identified measures per literature or implemented by other suppliers , including those that are available to the industry since 2020.

The list also included measures currently implemented by the Water Contractors and the priority rankings selected in 2020.

Each of the nine Water Contractors was first asked to review and identify any additional programs to add to the ranking list. Following receipt of feedback from the Water Contractors, each Water Contractor was asked to rank the list and identify:
• Priority (on a scale of one to five, with five being the highest priority) as a program to be implemented regionally through the SMSWP;
• Priority (on a scale of one to five, with five being the highest priority) as a program to be implemented locally through their agency;
• The current implementation status of each program with options of (1) currently administered by their agency, (2) previously administered by their agency, or (3) current regional program through SMSWP.

The list of water conservation measures is organized into four categories, specifically: (1) agency actions and water rates, ( ) public outreach and education, ( ) device based and financial incentive programs, and (4) policies and regulations.

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6.2 Screening of Conservation Measures for Regional Implementation The regional results of the water conservation measures prioritization screening are summarized for all Water Contractors combined, representing overall regional priorities and preferences (Table 6-1), which shows (1) the average prioritization ranking for all Water Contractors for each program for regional implementation, (2) the percentage of Water Contractors that prefer each program to be implemented at the regional level, and (3) an indication of each measure as a current SMSWP program or not.

Of the 116 measures and programs ranked, the Water Contractors screened these down to 11 high-priority measures that received an average score of three or higher, including two of the four categories: Public Outreach and Education-Based Conservation Programs, and Device-Based and Financial Incentive Programs.

6.2.1 Public Outreach and Education-Based Conservation Programs Of the 14 public outreach and education -based water conservation programs included in the screening, the Water Contractors identified the following eight programs as high priority (average score of three or higher), with a preference for regional implementation through SMSWP:
1) Public Outreach through Print & Electronic Media - Focused on Outdoor Irrigation 2) School Education Programs
3) Promote QWEL Training (Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper) 4) Public Outreach through Print & Electronic Media - Focused on Indoor Conservation 5) Educational Workshops
6) Garden Tour
7) Do-It-Yourself Home Energy and Water Savings Toolkit 8) Garden Sense Consultation
These eight programs are already being implemented by SMWSP.

6.2.2 Device and Financial Incentive-Based Conservation Programs Of the 60 device- and financial incentive -based water conservation programs included in the screening list, the Water Contractors identified the following three programs as high priority (average score of three or higher) , with a preference for regional implementation through SMSWP:
1) Pass-through grant funding for Landscape Conversion or Turf Removal – SFR 2) Pass through grant funding for Landscape Conversion or Turf Removal – MFR and CII 3) High Efficiency Clothes Washer Rebate – Residential

PUBLIC OUTREACH AND EDUCATION
Public Outreach through Print & Electronic
Media - Focused on Outdoor Irrigation 4.4 100% All X Irrigation School Education Programs 4.0 100% SFR,
MFR XX All
Promote QWEL Training (Qualified Water
efficient Landscaper)

3.9 89% All X All Outdoor
Public Outreach through Print & Electronic
Media - Focused on Indoor Conservation

3.7 89% All X All Indoor
Educational Workshops 3.3 78% All X All Outdoor
Garden Tour 3.2 78% SFR X All Outdoor
Garden Sense Consultation 3.1 78% SFR X All Outdoor
Do-It-Yourself Home Energy and Water Savings
Toolkit

3.2 78% SFR XX All

DEVICE-BASED AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVE

PROGRAMS
Landscape Conversion or Turf Removal - SFR 3.3 67% SFR X Irrigation Landscape Conversion or Turf Removal - MFR
and CII

3.2 67% MFR, CII X Irrigation
High Efficiency Clothes Washer Rebate -
Residential

3.1 67% SFR,
MFR X Clothes
Washer
Abbreviations:

Table 6-1 Regional Prioritization of Conservation Measures and Programs Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership
(a) Each Water Contractor was asked to rank each conservation program or measure in terms of priority as a regionally-administered program, where 5 indicated highest priority and 1 indicated the lowest priority. Results are presented as an average of the responses of all nine Water Contractors.

Preference
(b)Conservation Measure/Program
Current
SMSWP
Program
Primary End
Use
Indoor
Outdoor
Sector
(b) Presents the percentage of Water Contractors who indicated a priority of greater or equal to 3 for regional implementation.

Prioritization
(a)
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6.2.3 Regional Program Screening Findings
During the May 2025 project workshop, the Water Contractors indicated that the three device - and financial incentive -based programs identified under Section 6.2.2 are already being implemented at the local level and expressed a preference for them to continue being implemented at a local level. The takeaway from this exercise is that the existing SMWSP public and education-based programs should remain regional programs and that ther e is currently no preference for new regional programs.

6.3 Screening of Conservation Measures for Local Implementation The local results of water conservation program prioritization screening were summarized for all Water Contractors individually, representing their local priorities and preferences . Appendix D presents the results for the City and shows (1) the average prioritization ranking for each program for local implementation, (2) the targeted sector , (3) whether the program targets indoor or outdoor savings, (3) the primary end use, and (4) the implementation status as a local program.

6.3.1 Agency Actions and Water Rate Conservation Programs Ten (10) agency action and water rate-based conservation programs were identified for the City as high priority (score of three or higher) for potential future implementation. The programs currently implemented by the City primarily target water loss and irrigation across all customer sectors, or indoor appliance water waste across all customer sectors. All of these programs or actions are currently implemented at the local level.

6.3.2 Public Outreach and Education-Based Conservation Programs Nine public outreach and education-based programs were identified as high priority (average score of three or higher) for potential future implementation. Of these programs, three would target ou tdoor water use and four would target indoor and outdoor water use. All of these programs are currently implemented at the local level except one:
1) Provide Support with Smart Irrigation Controller Setup.

6.3.3 Device and Financial Incentive-Based Conservation Programs Thirty-nine (39) device- and financial incentive -based water conservation programs were identified as high priority (average score of three or higher) for potential future implementation, including 27 that would target indoor water use, ten that would target outdoor water use, and two that would target both. The City currently implements all 39 of these programs , primarily targeting bathroom fixture replacements across all customer sectors, CII equipment upgrades for CII customers, and residential irrigation improvements.

6.3.4 Policy and Regulation-Based Conservation Programs The City identified ten policy and regulation -based programs as high priority (average score of three or higher) , including three that would target indoor water use, four that would target outdoor water use, and three that would target both. The City currently implements all ten of these programs.

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6.4 Evaluation of Future Water Conservation Programs
Based on the conservation screening process described above, a suite of conservation programs to be considered for future implementation were evaluated. These programs were evaluated both individually and as components in four water conservation program scenarios, as shown in Table 6-2. The program scenarios each represent a potential approach or strategy for the City’s future conservation programs, specifically:
• Scenario A represents the City’s existing programs as a baseline, • Scenario B represents programs ranked most highly for local implementation by the City of Santa Rosa,
• Scenario C focuses on programs that target outdoor water savings under Scenario B, and • Scenario D focuses on programs that target water savings in CII customers under Scenario B.

Table 6-2 also identifies the customer sectors each program would target as well as whether the program focuses on indoor or outdoor water use, or both.

The benefits and costs associated with implementation of these programs were evaluated using the AWE model, using a series of assumptions documented in Appendix B. Key assumptions and considerations related to the methodology used by the AWE model and in this analysis are provided below:
• Water savings assumptions were based on a combination of (1) City-specific water savings estimates per Section 4.3.2, (2) information provided by City staff, (3) AWE model default assumptions, and (4) water savings factors developed based on other published literature sources.
• Costs to the utility were based on (1) rebate amounts of existing programs, (2) data used in the 2020 Report adjusted to 2025 dollars, or (3) AWE model default assumptions. • Utility benefit (i.e., avoided cost of water) is assumed to be $ 1,289/AF, consistent with the FY 2024-2025 cost of purchasing wholesale water from Sonoma Water. • Financial assumptions related to customer water rates were provided by the City. • Financial assumptions related to energy costs to the customer were assumed based on typical PG&E rates (PG&E, 2024).
• Assumed rate of program implementation was based on historical participation levels by City customers in similar programs.
• For purposes of near-term conservation program analysis, it is assumed that all programs are active from 2026 through 2030; water savings beyond this period reflect cumulative savings achieved over time from implementation during this five-year period. • Lost revenue due to reduced water sales is not included as a cost. • Additional program-specific considerations are provided as notes in the attached tables.

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Table 6-3 presents a combination of individual water conservation measures, and identifies the following information for each program:
• Net present value of costs and benefits – represents the present value over the 25-year period discounted to current 2025 dollars.
• Benefit to cost ratio – calculated as present value of costs divided by the present value of benefits.
• Water utility costs – costs that the City as a water utility will incur to operate the program including administrative costs.
• Customer costs – costs customers will incur to implement a program in the City’s service area.
• Utility benefits – the avoided cost to the City to produce the volume of water saved. • Customer benefits – the savings from reduced water/sewer utility bills and energy savings resulting from reduced use of hot water.
• Total water utility costs – includes costs to the City for program implementation from 2026-2030.
• Water savings in 2030 – one-year estimate water savings in 2030. • Water utility cost of water saved for individual programs – cost of water saved dividing by the lifetime water savings of that program.
• Water utility cost of water saved for program scenarios – weighted average of water utility cost of water saved for individual programs by the cumulative savings through 2050.

The analysis estimates active program savings based on the AWE model and does not include additional savings anticipated from passive savings (i.e., water savings associated with the natural replacement of less efficient water using fixtures and appliances due to both market shifts and increasing efficiency mandated by the building code and other regulatory requirements). Based on this analysis, and the assumptions presented in Appendix B, the benefit-cost ratios for the City range from 0.3 to 22.4. A benefit -cost ratio value greater than one indicates that the cost of implementing the program would be cheaper than purchasing supplies from Sonoma Water.

Table 6-4 presents the results of the analysis of the four conservation program scenarios identified in Table 6-3, and includes a summary of costs and benefits to the City and customers, estimated cumulative water savings through 2050 (based on assumed program implementation from 2026-2030), and the estimated cost of water saved to the City. Based on this, the City’s preferred water conservation measures for local implementation (i.e., Scenario B) and its existing programs (i.e., Scenario A) have similar benefit -to-cost ratios at 1.6 as the programs selected under each of the two scenarios are highly similar . In comparison, the benefit to cost ratio of outdoor programs (i.e., Scenario C) is 1.3 and CII programs (i.e., Scenario D) is 1.9. The projected cumulative water savings associated with implementation of locally preferred measures (i.e., Scenario B) is 1,974 AF by 2030 and 2,785 by 2050, at a cost of approximately $929/AF. The figure Section 6 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
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in Table 6-4 shows active savings in 2030 associated with each scenario as well as anticipated passive savings.

Table 6-2 Conservation Program Scenarios
City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Water Saving Partnership (A) Baseline
(B) Highly-
Ranked Local
Programs
(C) Highly-
Ranked
Outdoor
Programs
(D) Highly-
Ranked CII
Programs
AMI Leaks Notification Program All Both X X
HECW Rebate Program MFR, CII Indoor X X X
HECW Rebate Program SFR Indoor X X
WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program SFR Indoor X X
WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) Program SFR Outdoor X X X WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program MFR Indoor X X
WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program CII Indoor X X X
WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) Program MFR, CII Outdoor X X X X Irrigation Efficiency Rebate SFR Outdoor X X X
Irrigation Efficiency Rebate MFR, CII Outdoor X X X X
Pool Cover Rebate SFR, MFR, CII Outdoor X X X
Rain Water Harvesting Rebate SFR, MFR, CII Outdoor X X X Recirculating Hot Water Pump Rebate SFR, MFR, CII Indoor X High Efficiency Toilet Rebate SFR, MFR, CII Indoor X X
Efficient Fixture Direct Install Program SFR, MFR Indoor X X Efficient Fixture Direct Install Program CII Indoor X X X Greywater Rebate SFR, MFR, CII Both X X
Sustained Reduction (b) CII, MFR, SFR Both X X X
High Efficiency Urinal Rebate CII, MFR, SFR Indoor X X X Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program SFR Outdoor X X X Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program MFR, CII Outdoor X X X X Abbreviations
CII = Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional MFR = Multi‐family residential HECW = High-efficiency clothes washer SFR = Single-family residential Notes
Indoor/
Outdoor
Program Scenario (a)
(a) The program scenarios represent four potential approaches to program selection. Scenario 1 represents existing programs as a baseline, Scenario 2 represents programs prioritized for local implementation, Scenario 3 focuses on outdoor water savings, and Scenario 4 focuses on CII programs.

Program Sector
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Table 6-3 Costs and Savings of Potential Conservation Programs City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Water Saving Partnership Water
Utility Customers Water
Utility Customers Water
Utility Customers
AMI Leaks Notification Program All Both $350,894 $1,454,393 $271,929 $1,495,612 1.3 1.0 $297,138 61.3 $999 MFR, CII Indoor $16,422 $160,099 $5,973 $25,598 2.7 6.3 $7,000 1.9 $455 SFR Indoor (c) $33,588 $327,442 $8,211 $123,172 4.1 2.7 $10,200 2.4 $298 SFR Indoor (c) $31,759 $390,450 $72,700 $25,659 0.4 15.2 $81,940 5.6 $2,911 SFR Outdoor (c) $71,866 $127,995 $94,872 $33,484 0.8 3.8 $106,930 12.7 $1,679 MFR Indoor $981 $12,066 $3,167 $1,118 0.3 10.8 $3,570 0.2 $4,104 MFR, CII Outdoor (c) $466,651 $831,114 $201,890 $327,388 2.3 2.5 $227,550 82.7 $550 CII Indoor (c) $136,604 $1,679,426 $188,759 $306,095 0.7 5.5 $212,750 24.2 $1,757 SFR Outdoor $27,598 $49,153 $22,841 $13,704 1.2 3.6 $27,300 2.7 $1,026 MFR, CII Outdoor $236,532 $1,283,869 $10,542 $14,056 22.4 91.3 $12,600 22.8 $55 SFR,
MFR, CII Outdoor $2,288 $4,074 $879 $3,517 2.6 1.2 $1,000 0.4 $487 SFR,
MFR, CII Indoor $2,754 $69,981 $3,681 $25,769 0.7 2.7 $4,400 0.3 $1,657 SFR,
MFR, CII Indoor $4,249 $24,783 $555 $2,663 7.7 9.3 $2,375 0.2 $487 SFR, MFR Indoor $754,714 $5,475,092 $209,975 $0 3.6 - $610,200 44.9 $725 CII Indoor $213,065 $1,242,829 $60,901 $0 3.5 - $195,300 12.2 $816 SFR,
MFR, CII Both $1,129 $2,012 $753 $15,060 1.5 0.1 $900 0.1 $827 CII and MFR HECW Rebate Program
Pool Cover Rebate
Recirculating Hot Water Pump
Rebate
Program (a)
Irrigation Efficiency Rebate
Benefit to Cost
Ratio Water Utility
Cost of Water
Saved ($/AF)
Water
Utility Costs
2026-2030 (b)
Water
Savings in
2030 (AFY)
Sector Indoor/
Outdoor Note
Net Present Value of
Benefits Net Present Value of Cost
Efficient Fixture Direct Install
Program
Residential HECW Rebate Program
WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor)
Program
WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor)
Program
WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor)
Program
WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor)
Program
WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor)
Program
Irrigation Efficiency Rebate
High Efficiency Toilet Rebate
Greywater Rebate
Efficient Fixture Direct Install
Program
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Table 6-3 Costs and Savings of Potential Conservation Programs City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Water Saving Partnership Water
Utility Customers Water
Utility Customers Water
Utility Customers
Program (a)
Benefit to Cost
Ratio Water Utility
Cost of Water
Saved ($/AF)
Water
Utility Costs
2026-2030 (b)
Water
Savings in
2030 (AFY)
Sector Indoor/
Outdoor Note
Net Present Value of
Benefits Net Present Value of Cost

CII, MFR,
SFR Both $9,606 $244,110 $914 $4,568 10.5 53.4 $1,200 0.5 $113

CII, MFR,
SFR Indoor $985 $5,748 $2,295 $2,040 0.4 2.8 $3,150 0.1 $2,961 SFR Outdoor (c) $132,592 $236,150 $360,265 $4,323,183 0.4 0.1 $430,601 12.8 $3,369 MFR, CII Outdoor (c) $332,841 $592,796 $282,174 $3,386,091 1.2 0.2 $337,264 32.1 $1,051 SFR,
MFR, CII Outdoor $3,489 $6,213 $12,749 $152,986 0.3 0.0 $14,500 0.6 $4,630 Abbreviations
AFY = acre-feet per year SFR = Single-family residential CII = Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional sq ft = square feet MFR = multi‐family residential $/AF = dollars per acre-foot Notes
(a)
(b) For purposes of near-term conservation program analysis, it is assumed that all programs are active from 2026 through 2030. (c)
Estimated water savings, benefits, and costs are calculated using the AWE model. Program savings, cost, and implementation rate assumptions used are presented in Appendix B. Utility benefit (i.e., avoided cost of water) is assumed to be the cost of purchasing wholesale water from Sonoma Water. Customer benefit is assumed to be the variable cost of purchasing water from the utility (i.e., variable customer water rates).

Program savings are based on the past implementation of program (Section 4.3.2). Program participation sample size of the CII/MFR programs was limited, and thus conservation savings estimates may not be as robust as they would be with a larger sample size.

Rain Water Harvesting Rebate
Sustained Reduction
High Efficiency Urinal Rebate
Cash for Grass Rebate Green
Exchange Program
Cash for Grass Rebate Green
Exchange Program
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Table 6-4 Comparison of Program Scenarios – Costs and Savings City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Water Saving Partnership Water
Utility Customers Water
Utility Customers Water
Utility Customers 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
(A) Baseline 2,830,608$ 14,219,795$ 1,816,025$ 10,281,763$ 1.6 1.4 321 1,134 1,976 2,322 2,589 2,785 $929 (B) Highly-Ranked Local Programs 2,827,854$ 14,149,813$ 1,812,344$ 10,255,994$ 1.6 1.4 321 1,133 1,974 2,320 2,587 2,782 $929 (C) Highly-Ranked Outdoor Programs 1,273,857$ 3,131,364$ 986,211$ 8,254,410$ 1.3 0.4 167 542 1,045 1,186 1,186 1,186 $976 (D) Highly-Ranked CII Programs 1,412,707$ 6,039,992$ 753,447$ 4,065,836$ 1.9 1.5 177 577 1,088 1,243 1,304 1,350 $738 Abbreviations
AF = acre-feet $/AF = dollars per acre-foot
Notes
(a)
(b) The water utility cost is based on the cumulative savings achieved through 2050 cumulative water savings.

Water Utility
Cost of Water
Saved ($/AF)
(b)
For purposes of near-term conservation program analysis, it is assumed that all programs are active from 2026 through 2030. Cumulative water savings achieved beyond 2030 reflect the ongoing benefit of program implementation.

Scenario (a)
Present Value of Benefits Present Value of Cost Benefit to Cost Ratio Cumulative Active Water Savings (AF)Water Savings
in 2030
(AFY)
957 957 957 957
321 321 167 177
0 200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
(A) Baseline (B) Highly-Ranked Local Programs (C) Highly-Ranked Outdoor Programs
(D) Highly-Ranked CII Programs
Savings Potential (AFY)
Comparison of Program Scenarios - Savings in 2030
Passive Savings in 2030 Active Savings in 2030
Utility Unit Cost: $976/AFUtility Unit Cost: $929/AFUtility Unit Cost: $929/AF Utility Unit Cost: $738/AF EKI C40180.00 6-11
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Section 7 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
Conclusions City of Santa Rosa
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7 CONCLUSIONS
Although there have been no updates to the UWMP regulations since 2020, the MCCWL framework and related regulations will influence the 2025 UWMPs, as they will inform the water demand and conservation planning components. This project forecasted water demand through 2050 in accordance with CWC requirements and evaluated both historical and anticipated implementation of conservation programs.

7.1 Historical, Current, and Projected Water Demand
Water demand projections are developed consistent with CWC § 10631(d)(4)(A), which requires that “Water use projections, where available, shall display and account for the water savings estimated to result from adopted codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans identified by the urban water supplier, as applicable to the service area.” The assumptions used as the bases for demand projections were developed in close coordination with the City and reflect a land -use based approach cons istent with the City’s 2050 General Plan and housing element (PlaceWorks, 2023). It should be noted that all demand and conservation projections have limitations and should be considered estimates that require revisiting as factors that affect demands arise, such as economic or population shifts, extreme hydrological conditions, etc.

The methodology used to develop demand projections herein is also consistent with the CWC §10635(b)(4), requirement to consider climate change on projected demands. 13 The City’s per account water use declined significantly over the past 15 years as a result of the City’s conservation efforts and showed significant response to key events such as the 2014 -2017 drought, the 2021 -2023 drought, and the COVID -19 pandemic. The demand factors evaluated herein are based on water use during the 2017-2019 period, which assume a rebound in demand following the recent drought and represent a higher level of demand compared to current levels.

Thus, the periods used to develop the demand projections reflect conditions representative of the hotter, drier weather expected as a result of climate change.

Although MCCWL Objective water use standards are expected to become more stringent over time, the City is projected to remain in compliance with its Objectives through 2040 based on forecasted population and baseline water use, prior to accounting for active conservation savings. In addition, the City’s current estimated indoor residential water use is already lower than the UWUO residential indoor water use standard of 42 GPCD through 2040.

7.2 Conservation Measures Participation, Savings, and Update Participation data indicate that several of the City’s conservation programs, particularly WaterSmart Check-ups, Irrigation Efficiency Rebates, HECW Rebates, Cash for Grass Rebates, HET Rebates, and Efficiency Fixture Direct Installs , have been widely adopted and successful in achieving water savings between 2010 and 2024. Most programs have a lower adoption rate over

13 CWC §10635(b)(4) requires that suppliers consider plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions specific to their five-year drought risk assessments. Section 4.5 of the draft 2020 UWMP Guidebook more generally recommends that consideration of climate change be incorporated into all demand projections.

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the recent five years compared to historical rates, with higher popularity observed during drought periods.

Statistical analysis of residential water use shows that indoor water use in residential customers exhibits lower variability and remaining potential for efficiency gains. In contrast, outdoor water use among SFR customers shows a broader range, indicating that water conservation programs that target outdoor water use, particularly for higher-using customers, could continue to provide benefits.

A difference-in-difference analysis of six selected programs c onfirms that participants typically reduced water use following participation, consistent with program objectives. However, the magnitude of savings varied across accounts and years, suggesting that estimated savings should be interpreted as general trends rather than precise values.

Spatial and demographic analyses further identified opportunities to expand participation. For SFR customers, the greatest potential lies in the northern and southern portions of the service area and in neighborhoods characterized by lower income, higher r entership, and younger household demographics. For MFR customers, participation in the Cash for Grass Rebate Program could be expanded outside the already saturated northwest area, particularly in areas with pre-1994 buildings and similar socioeconomic characteristics.

Finally, a benefit-cost analysis of future program scenarios shows that all options yield a benefit- to-cost ratio greater than one , meaning program implementation is more cost -effective than purchasing additional water supplies from Sonoma Water. The preferred program portfolio achieves an estimated benefit-to-cost ratio of 1.6, comparable to existing programs (1.6) . The benefit-to-cost ratio of outdoor programs is 1.3 and CII programs is 1.9.

Section 8 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
References City of Santa Rosa
19 December 2025
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8 REFERENCES
AWE, 2021. Water Conservation Tracking Tool Version 4, Release 3, Alliance for Water Efficiency (AWE).

ABAG, 2018. Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG), Plan Bay Area Projections 2040, released in November 2018.

Columbia Public Health, 2013. Difference in Difference Estimation. Columbia Public Health, https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/research/population-health- methods/difference-difference-estimation#Overview, accessed 28 September 2020.

DOF, 2024a. E-4 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties , and the State, 2021 -2024, with 2020 Census Bookmark. State of California, Department of Finance (DOF), May 2024.

DOF, 2024b. E-5 Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties , and the State — 1 January 2021-2024. State of California, Department of Finance (DOF), May 2024.

EKI, 2020. 2020 Water Demand Analysis and Water Conservation Measure Update .

Report prepared by EKI Environment & Water, Inc. , on behalf of the City of Santa Rosa, November 2020.

HCD, 2023. Memorandum: State Income Limits for 2023 . California Department of Housing and Community Development, dated June 6, 2023.

PG&E, 2024. Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) Electric Rate Advisory, effective 1 March 2024.

Pacific Gas and Electric, 2024.

PlaceWorks, 2023 . 2023 -2031 Housing Element. Prepared for the City of Santa Rosa by PlaceWorks, Inc., 14 February 2023.

Santa Rosa, 2020. SB 610 Water Supply Assessment For Santa Rosa Downtown Station Area Specific Plan Update. City of Santa Rosa, 3 March 2020.

Santa Rosa, 2021. City of Santa Rosa 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. Report prepared by West Yost Associates on behalf of the City of Santa Rosa, 10 June 2021.

Santa Rosa, 2025a. Response to Request for Information, provided by the City of Santa Rosa on 11 March 2025.

Santa Rosa, 2025b. Water Supply Assessment for the Woodlands at Chanate, prepared by the City of Santa Rosa, dated 12 November 2025.

Sonoma County, 2025. Sonoma County Assessor Parcel Data. Provided via City of Santa Rosa, 6 May 2025.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 202 4. Consumer Price Index: 2024 in Review , dated 24 January 2024, https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2025/consumer-price-index-2024-in-review.htm, accessed 19 November 2025.

U.S. Census Bureau, 2024. 2019-2023 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates .

TIGER/Line Shapefiles by Block Group. United States Census Bureau, 2024. https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping-files/time-series/geo/tiger-line-file.html Section 8 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
References City of Santa Rosa
19 December 2025
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U.S. Census Bureau, 2025. Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) Origin-Destination Employment Statistics, 2010-2022. United States Census Bureau, accessed 10 April 2025. 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
City of Santa Rosa

APPENDIX A
Methodology for Estimating Indoor and Outdoor Water Use Appendix A 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
City of Santa RosaMethodology for Estimating Indoor and Outdoor Water Use A-1
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Methodology for Estimating Indoor and Outdoor Water Use This appendix documents the methodology used in Section 3.3 of the 2025 Water Demand and Conservation Measure Update for the nine participating members of the Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership (Water Contractors) prepared by EKI Environment & Water (EKI).

For customer accounts without dedicated irrigation meters, the amount of water used indoors versus outdoors is not directly measured and must be estimated. Traditionally, indoor and outdoor water use has been estimated using the “minimum winter month” method, which assumes that water use during the lowest -demand winter month is entirely attributable to indoor consumption. However, winter irrigation is common in California and this assumption tends to overestimate indoor water use.

EKI has developed the method below to estimate water use for meters with mixed indoor and outdoor water use (i.e. mixed-use meters, or MUMs) using an annual irrigation scaling factor developed based on data collected from dedicated irrigation meters. This method is consistent with the “Seasonal Adjustment Method” utilized in the Department of Water Resources’ residential indoor water use study to inform water use efficiency standards as part of the Making Conservation a California Way of Life Legislation (DWR, 2021).
1 DATA SOURCES
The analysis is based on potable water consumption data covering calendar year 2024. While multi-year water consumption data are available, indoor and outdoor use estimates were derived from the most recent complete calendar year (2024) to reflect current usage and seasonal patterns.

The dataset was parsed for the analysis herein and includes the following fields:
• Year and Month – Derived from service period or billing date. • Sector Group – Consolidated customer sectors, including Single Family, Multi-family, Commercial/Industrial/Institutional (CII Total), and Irrigation. • Consumption – Monthly water use converted to acre-feet. • Water Type – Only potable water use was included in the analysis.

Potable irrigation accounts were used to infer the seasonal profile of outdoor water use. Estimates of indoor and outdoor use were produced for sector groups where both types of use are present (e.g., Single Family, Multi-family, CII Total).
2 METHODOLOGY
This section describes the method used to estimate the indoor and outdoor components of total annual water use for each sector group.

2.1 Step 1: Identify Analysis Year
The most recent year with complete monthly data (2024) was selected to represent current conditions and ensure seasonal variation is captured accurately.

2.2 Step 2: Calculate Seasonal Scaling Factor
Potable dedicated irrigation meters (DIMs) were assumed to represent purely outdoor water use.

Monthly water use in the most recent year (2024) was aggregated for all irrigation accounts (i.e. accounts on DIMs), and a seasonal scaling factor (SF) was calculated as:

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𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝑆𝐹) = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 (𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑙𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑒)
𝑀𝑖𝑛 (𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑙𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑒)
This metric reflects the ratio between peak summer irrigation and baseline winter irrigation, which is assumed to persist year-round at a reduced level. The metric also reflects the local conditions and climatic conditions during 2024. As shown on Figure 2-1, the variations in monthly water use from DIMs generally follow a consistent pattern: highest water use in the summer months and early fall ( July through September), lowest water use in the winter month and early spring (January through March).

Figure 2-1 Example Irrigation Outdoor Use by DIMs Used to Calculate Scaling Factor

2.3 Step 3: Filter Target Sector Groups
The analysis focuses on three sector groups on MUMs expected to include both indoor and outdoor use:
• Single Family
• Multi-family
• CII Total
Only potable water demand from MUMs is considered.

2.4 Step 4: Extract Seasonal and Annual Demand
Monthly potable water demand by MUMs was aggregated by sector group. The representative low - irrigation month (winter) is selected by finding the minimum water use across the months of January, February, and March. Similarly, the high-irrigation month (summer) is selected by finding the maximum

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water use from the months of July, August, and September. Total annual demand was also computed for each sector group.

2.5 Step 5: Estimate Indoor and Outdoor Use
The SF calculated under Step 2 are used to estimate the proportion of water used for irrigation purposes by MUMs. This method assumes that indoor water use is generally consistent over the course of the year and that customers within the Water Contractor’s service area experience similar irrigation patterns. This assumption tends to hold more strongly for residential customers . However, for CII customers, although some use water through MUMs for outdoor irrigation , they may also have seasonally variable ind oor demands, such as cooling towers . As a result, this method may underestimate indoor use and overestimate outdoor use in service areas with significant CII cooling demands.

Figure 2-2 illustrates the annual water use pattern and the components of the equations below used to derive estimated indoor and outdoor water use for sectors with MUMs.

Figure 2-2 Indoor and Outdoor Separation Methodology for Water Use on MUMs Indoor use was estimated as the month with the least water use in January, February, or March, adjusted to remove residual winter irrigation using the SF.

Winter irrigation is estimated as:

𝑆𝐹 = 𝑊 + (𝑀𝑎𝑥 − 𝑀𝑖𝑛)
𝑊
= 1 + 𝑀𝑎𝑥 − 𝑀𝑖𝑛
𝑊
⇒ 𝑊 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 − 𝑀𝑖𝑛
𝑆𝐹 − 1

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Where:
• W = Outdoor winter irrigation during the lowest water use month • Max = Max monthly use in one of July, August, or September • Min = Min monthly use in January, February, or March
• SF = Scaling factor
Indoor monthly use is then:

𝐼 = 𝑀𝑖𝑛 − 𝑊
Indoor annual use is computed as:

𝐼 × 12
Outdoor annual use is then the residual between total annual use and indoor annual use:

𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑈𝑠𝑒 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑈𝑠𝑒 − 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑈𝑠𝑒 3 ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS
• DIMs reflect purely outdoor use, with consistent year-round patterns across groups. • Low point of outdoor irrigation happens in one of January, February, or March; similarly peak summer irrigation happens in one of July, August, or September. • Indoor water use is assumed to be consistent throughout the year. • Customers within each sector group are assumed to exhibit similar usage patterns. • The scaling factor derived from DIMs is representative of outdoor demand across all MUMs, which is a stronger assumption for residential customers but less so for CII customers due to seasonal cooling demands.
4 REFERENCES
DWR, 2021. Recommendations for urban water use efficiency standards, variances, performance measures, and annual water use reporting (Report No. WUES-DWR-2021-01A). California Department of Water Resources. Available at: https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web- Pages/Programs/Water-Use-And-Efficiency/2018-Water-Conservation-Legislation/Performance- Measures/UWUE_STD_VAR_PM_REPORT_WUES-DWR-2021-01A_COMPLETE.pdf 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
City of Santa Rosa

APPENDIX B
Conservation Program Savings Assumptions
Table B-1 Conservation Program Savings Assumptions
City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Agency Program Name Units
Savings
Assumption
(gpd/unit)
Life of
Savings
(Years)
Decay Rate
(%/Yr)
Free Riders
(% activity) Source(s)
AMI Leak Notifications Program (SFR) AMI Meter 0.7 1 0% 0% AWE Tool Conservation Program Library.

AMI Leak Notifications Program (MFR, CII, IRR) AMI Meter 2.0 1 0% 0% AWE Tool Conservation Program Library.

SFR WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program Household 15.5 5 20% 0% Per detailed conservation savings analysis performed for 2025 Demand/Cons Report.

SFR WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) Program Household 26.9 5 20% 0% Per detailed conservation savings analysis performed for 2025 Demand/Cons Report.

MFR WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program Household 11.0 5 20% 0% AWE Tool Conservation Program Library.

CII WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program Site 198 5 20% 0% Calculated based on the potential water savings from CII audits per Reference 3 and typical CII water usage in the service area.

CII/MFR WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) Program Site 893.0 5 20% 0% AWE Tool Conservation Program Library for Large Landscape Water Audit.

Residential HECW Rebate Program Washer 10.7 14 0% 0% (a) CII and MFR HECW Rebate Program Washer 85.9 8 0% 0% Per detailed conservation savings analysis performed for 2020 Demand/Cons Report.

Irrigation Efficiency Rebate (SFR) Controller 26.1 10 0% 0% AWE Tool Conservation Program Library for Smart Irrigation Controller Rebate.

Irrigation Efficiency Rebate (CII/MFR) Controller 727.0 10 0% 0% AWE Tool Conservation Program Library for Smart Irrigation Controller Rebate.

Pool Cover Rebate Household 18.3 5 0% 0% (b)
Rain Water Harvesting Rebate Household 9.6 5 0% 0% AWE Tool Conservation Program Library for an average cisterm at approximately 1,000 gallons per household.

Recirculating Hot Water Pump Rebate Household 5.4 10 0% 0% Calculated based on the hot water recirculation system savings and system useful life in References 1 and 2.

High Efficiency Toilet Rebate Toilet 5.0 25 0% 0% (c)
Efficient Fixture Direct Install Program Residential Household 31.2 25 0% 0% AWE Tool Conservation Program Library.

Efficient Fixture Direct Install Program Commercial Site 52.6 25 0% 0% AWE Tool Conservation Program Library.

Greywater Rebate Household 10.9 10 0% 0% AWE Tool Conservation Program Library.

Sustained Reduction Site 6,733 25 0% 0% Estimated per City's record of participants.

High Efficiency Urinal Rebate Urinal 9.6 25 0% 0% (d)
SFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program Square Feet 0.03 10 0% 0% Per detailed conservation savings analysis performed for 2025 Demand/Cons Report.

CII and MFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange
Program Square Feet 0.1 10 0% 0% Per detailed conservation savings analysis performed for 2020 Demand/Cons Report.

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Table B-1 Conservation Program Savings Assumptions
City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Abbreviations
AMI = advanced metering infrastructure HECW = high-efficiency clothes washer AWE = Alliance for Water Efficiency Water Conservation Tracking Tool IRR = irrigation CII = commercial, industrial, institutional MFR = multi-family residential gpd = gallons per day SFR = single-family residential
gpf = gallons per flush
Notes
(a) Provided by City staff and calculated based on replacing 23 gallons per load (gpl) washers with 13 gpl washers and 392 loads per year. This assumption is lower compared to the default in the AWE Tool Conservation Program Library and reflects the typical pre-retrofit appliance stock within the City of Santa Rosa. (b) Calculated assuming a 500 square foot pool; 95% reduction in evaporation based in Reference 1; the cover is being used properly 50% of the time; and an annual evaporation rate of 45 inches.
(c) Provided by City staff and calculated based on replacing 1.6 gallon per flush (gpf) toilets with 0.8 gpf toilets, 5 flushes per person, 2.5 persons per household and 2 toilets per household. This assumption is lower compared to the default in the AWE Tool Conservation Program Library and reflects the typical pre-retrofit fixture stock within the City of Santa Rosa.
(d) Water savings are estimated based on replacing 1.0 gallon per flush (gpf) urinals with 0.125 gpf urinals, assuming an average of 11 flushes per day. This assumption reflects the typical pre-retrofit fixture stock within the City of Santa Rosa.

References

1. ORNL, 2002. A case study of five homes in Palo Alto, California: Potential for savings using on-demand hot‑water recirculation systems (ORNL/TM-2002/245). Oak Ridge National Library.

2. USDOE, 2001. Pump lifecycle costs: A Guide to LLC Analysis for Pumping Systems. U.S. Department of Energy, January 2001.

3. NM OSE, 1999. Water conservation guide for commercial, institutional, and industrial users. New Mexico Office of the State Engineer.

4. AWE, 2021. Water Conservation Tracking Tool. Version 4.0. Alliance for Water Efficiency.

5. EKI, 2020. 2020 Water Demand Analysis and Water Conservation Measure City of Santa Rosa. EKI Environment & Water, Inc., November 2020.

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Table B-2 Conservation Program Cost Assumptions
City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Agency Program Name Units Utility Cost
per Unit
Customer Cost
per Unit Source(s)
AMI Leak Notifications Program (SFR) AMI Meter $1.0 $5.5 Utility cost from AWE Tool Conservation Program Library.

Customer costs based on Note (a).

AMI Leak Notifications Program (MFR, CII, IRR) AMI Meter $1.0 $5.5 Similar to SFR AMI Leak Notifications Program.

SFR WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program Household $170 $60 Consistent with 2020 Demand/Cons Report and adjusted to 2025 dollars.

SFR WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) Program Household $170 $60 Consistent with 2020 Demand/Cons Report and adjusted to 2025 dollars.

MFR WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program Household $170 $60 Similar to SFR Indoor Check-up program.

CII WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program Site $1,850 $3,000 Consistent with 2020 Demand/Cons Report and adjusted to 2025 dollars.

CII/MFR WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor) Program Site $1,850 $3,000 Consistent with 2020 Demand/Cons Report and adjusted to 2025 dollars.

Residential HECW Rebate Program Washer $50 $750 Utility cost based on City's rebate amount. Customer cost based on cost of a low-end ENERGY STAR residential washer model.

CII and MFR HECW Rebate Program Washer $350 $1,500 Utility cost based on City's rebate amount. Customer cost based on cost of light ENERGY STAR commercial washer model.

Irrigation Efficiency Rebate (SFR) Controller $300 $180 Utility cost based on City's rebate amount. Customer cost consistent with 2020 Demand/Cons Report and adjusted to 2025 dollars.

Irrigation Efficiency Rebate (CII/MFR) Controller $450 $600 Utility cost based on City's rebate amount. Customer cost consistent with 2020 Demand/Cons Report and adjusted to 2025 dollars.

Pool Cover Rebate Household $50 $200 Utility cost based on City's rebate amount. Assumes a total cost of $250 for a typical pool cover.

Rain Water Harvesting Rebate Household $250 $3,000 Utility cost based on City's rebate amount. Customer cost from Marin Municipal Water District's SWSA modeling.

Recirculating Hot Water Pump Rebate Household $100 $700 Utility cost based on City's rebate amount. Assumes a total cost of $800 for installation.

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Table B-2 Conservation Program Cost Assumptions
City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Agency Program Name Units Utility Cost
per Unit
Customer Cost
per Unit Source(s)
High Efficiency Toilet Rebate Toilet $62.5 $300
Utility cost based on City's rebate amount. Customer cost consistent with 2020 Demand/Cons Report and adjusted to 2025 dollars.

Efficient Fixture Direct Install Program Residential Household $450 - Utility cost based on AWE Tool Conservation Program Library adjusted to 2025 dollars. Assumes no cost to customers.

Efficient Fixture Direct Install Program Commercial Site $900 - Assumes twice the utility cost of residential direct install program and no cost to customers.

Greywater Rebate Household $100 $2,000 Utility cost based on City's rebate amount. Customer cost from Marin Municipal Water District's SWSA modeling.

Sustained Reduction Site $400 $2,000 Utility cost based on City's rebate amount. Customer cost assumed to be $2,000 every 1,000 gallons reduced.

High Efficiency Urinal Rebate Urinal $450 $400 Utility cost based on City's rebate amount. Assumes a total cost of $850 for installation.

SFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program Square Feet $1.0 $12 Utility cost based on City's rebate amount. Customer cost from Marin Municipal Water District's SWSA modeling.

CII and MFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange
Program Square Feet $1.0 $12 Utility cost based on City's rebate amount. Customer cost from Marin Municipal Water District's SWSA modeling.

Abbreviations
AMI = advanced metering infrastructure HECW = high-efficiency clothes washer AWE = Alliance for Water Efficiency Water Conservation Tracking ToolIRR = irrigation CII = commercial, industrial, institutional MFR = multi-family residential gpd = gallons per day SFR = single-family residential
gpf = gallons per flush
Notes
References

1. AWE, 2021. Water Conservation Tracking Tool. Version 4.0. Alliance for Water Efficiency.

2. EKI, 2020. 2020 Water Demand Analysis and Water Conservation Measure City of Santa Rosa. EKI Environment & Water, Inc., November 2020.

3. USEPA, 2025. Water Sense Statistics and Facts, https://www.epa.gov/watersense/statistics-and-facts, accessed October 14, 2025. (a) An average household leak is estimated to be 180 gallons per week per Reference 3. It is assumed that fixing such leak costs $200, averaged across the entire customer base with AMI.

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Table B-3 Conservation Program Implementation Rate Assumptions City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Agency Program Name Implementation
Rate Unit Source(s)
AMI Leak Notifications Program - / year Assumes full AMI implementation.

Residential HECW Rebate Program 41 rebate / year Based on past program participation rates from 2020–2025.

CII and MFR HECW Rebate Program 4 / year
Based on past program participation rates
from 2015–2019 as no participation was
reported for 2020-2025.

SFR WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor)
Program 96 / year
SFR WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor)
Program 126 / year
MFR WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor)
Program 75 / year
CII/MFR WaterSmart Check-up (Outdoor)
Program 75 / year
CII WaterSmart Check-up (Indoor) Program 23
Irrigation Efficiency Rebate (SFR) 18 rebate / year
Irrigation Efficiency Rebate (CII/MFR) 6 rebate / year
Pool Cover Rebate 4 rebate / year
Rain Water Harvesting Rebate 12 gal of storage
/ year
Recirculating Hot Water Pump Rebate 9 rebate / year
High Efficiency Toilet Rebate 8 rebate / year
Efficient Fixture Direct Install Program
Residential 271 / year
Efficient Fixture Direct Install Program
Commercial 43 / year
Greywater Rebate 2 rebate / year
Sustained Reduction 1 rebate / year
High Efficiency Urinal Rebate 1 rebate / year
SFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange
Program 86,120 sq ft / year
CII and MFR Cash for Grass Rebate Green
Exchange Program 67,453 sq ft / year
Abbreviations
AMI = advanced metering infrastructure MFR = multi-family residential AWE = Alliance for Water Efficiency Water Conservation Tracking Tool SFR = single-family residential CII = commercial, industrial, institutional sq ft = square feet IRR = irrigation
Based on past program participation rates
from 2020–2025.

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APPENDIX C
Methodology for Water Conservation Program Savings Analyses Appendix C 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
Methodology for Water Conservation Program Savings Analyses DRAFT | October 2025
C-1 EKI C40180.00
Methodology for Water Conservation Program Savings Analyses This Appendix describes the methodology used to estimate water conservation program savings based on customer billing data, for the analyses presented in report Section 4.3.2, Estimated Water Savings for Six Selected Programs Based on Customer Billing Data.

Water use savings associated with conservation programs are typically estimated based on literature values, which may or may not accurately capture the specific ways customers in a specific area (i.e., City of Santa Rosa [City]) use water. Therefore, City customer billing data were analyzed in order to assess the amount of water typically saved through implementation of each of the six selected conservation programs. Water use by program participants was compared to water use by a representative cohort over the same time period, that was stratified based on key criteria. Water use savings were estimated for the six conservation programs identified below:

1. Commercial, industrial and institutional ( CII) and multi-family residential ( MFR) Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program

2. Single family residential (SFR) Cash for Grass Rebate Green Exchange Program

3. SFR WaterSmart Indoor Check-up Program

4. SFR WaterSmart Outdoor Check-up Program

5. CII/MFR Outdoor Check-up Program

6. CII Indoor Check-up Program
Specifically, water use before and after implementation of a given action (e.g., device replacement or turf removal) by program participants is compared to the water use by a cohort of accounts who have not participated in the same or other programs in the given time frame. The incremental volume of water saved by program participants compared to that o f the cohort group can then be attributed to program participation, as other factors have been normalized. This analytical technique is a version of the “Difference-in-Differences Estimation” method. The Difference -in-Differences Estimation method is a standard method used in economics and social science for quantitatively evaluating observational study data by studying the differential effect of a treatment, or in this case participation in a given program as compared to a “control group,” when a true controlled experiment cannot be performed (Columbia Public Health, 2013).

By comparing water use over time by program participants to a cohort group and identifying the incremental change in water use due to program participation, this methodology controls for variation s in water use due to climat ic, economic, and other temporally related factors. By stratifying (or grouping)the cohort group based on key factors (i.e., Census Block Group or neighborhood for SFR programs), this method also effectively controls for geographic-linked water use influencing factors, such as house and yard size, housing age, general socio -economic factors, g eneral landscape management factors, etc.
1 METHODOLOGY

1.1 Data Cleanup
The following steps were performed on program participation and water use data prior to the analysis • Exact duplicate program participation records were removed; • Missing account numbers in program data were backfilled using meter numbers from billing data; • Customer sectors were assigned based on account type and meter billing codes; Appendix C 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
Methodology for Water Conservation Program Savings Analyses DRAFT | October 2025
C-2 EKI C40180.00
• Program names (e.g., SFR Cash for Grass) were verified against account sector (SFR), corrections were made as needed;
• Outliers in billed usage (>99th percentile) were excluded; • Complete billing records were required-accounts missing any months or with zero-use years were excluded.

These steps represent refinements to the prior 2020 analysis, adding systematic outlier removal, duplicate record resolution, and account backfilling for improved accuracy and consistency.

1.2 Participant Sample Groups
In order to estimate water saving s attributable to a single conservation program, participant sample groups for this analysis were limited to accounts that participated in only one program 1, and who participated in that program in only one year (e.g., did not receive several rebates from the same program over several years), except as indicated in savings results tables, as appropriate . The participant sample groups were further limited to just those accounts that had active water use over the study period. Active accounts were identified as those who received twelve water bills and had non-zero water use in a given year.

1.3 Comparison Cohort Sample Groups
Accounts included in the cohort groups are limited to those accounts that had not participated in any program based on available data and that meet the same active account thresholds as described above for the participant sample groups (i.e., received twelve bills per year and non-zero annual water use) 2. It is possible that members of the cohort group participated in a program that was not included in this study; however, given the large number of accounts included in these cohort groups the effect of participation in other programs would be expected to be minimal.

Although not participants in a specific program, a portion of the cohort group members would be expected to have replaced older water-using devices with more efficient models through natural turnover.

In addition, during recent drought periods, many custom ers substantially reduced water use through voluntary conservation actions. As a result, the estimated program savings based on this cohort comparison may be understated, since the cohort group itself likely achieved significant independent water savings, leading to a more conservative estimate of program effectiveness.

1.4 Study Periods
Since account-level water use billing data are available from 2010 to 2024, the participation data from 2013 to 2021 are analyzed so that two to three years of water use data can be used to capture the average water use before and after the participation year and excluding the participation year from the analysis.

1 Participation data collected for the CII/MFR high efficiency clothes washer (HECW) program for the 2020 Demand and Conservation Study was used to eliminate accounts that participated in multiple programs. 2 Participation data collected for the CII/MFR HECW program for the 2020 Demand and Conservation Study was considered when identifying accounts for the cohort group.

Appendix C 2025 Demand & Conservation Update
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1.5 Stratification
For SFR accounts, cohorts were stratified by Census Block Group, while for CII and MFR accounts, cohorts were stratified by sector (e.g., MFR, MFR irrigation, commercial, industrial, institutional, and CII irrigation). This ensured comparisons accounted for geographic and sector-specific factors.

1.6 Water Savings Calculation
For each active account, the average annual water use for a period of three years prior to program participation is compared to the average annual water use in the two to three years following program participation, dependent on available data. The change in water use by program participants is then compared to that of the cohort group over the same time period. The difference between the change in water use of the participants and the change in water use of the cohorts is the water savings due to the given conservation program. A positive average water savings suggests the program resulted in water savings, while a negative average water savings suggests the program was not successful in saving water. 2 REFERENCES
Columbia Public Health, 2013. Difference in Difference Estimation. Columbia Public Health, https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/research/population-health-methods/difference- difference-estimation#Overview, accessed 28 September 2020. 2025 Dem
and & Conservation Update
City of Santa Rosa

APPENDIX D
Prioritization and Screening of Future Water Conservation Measures Table E-1 Regional Prioritization of Conservation Measures and Programs Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership
Regional Local Regional Local

AGENCY ACTIONS AND WATER RATES
Increase Enforcement of Customer Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) Requirement 1.5 1.6 25% 25%
Increase Enforcement of Indoor Fixture Retrofit at Time of Sale 1.7 2.4 33% 56% Increase Enforcement of State Water Waste Regulations 2.0 2.6 38% 63% Rate Structure Evaluation 2.0 2.0 25% 50%
Regional UHET and/or Urinal Bulk Purchase Program 1.3 1.1 11% 0% Water Budgeting/Monitoring for Large Landscape Accounts 1.8 2.9 33% 67% Establish Separate Pricing Structure for Irrigation Accounts 1.4 2.7 13% 50% Implementation or Modification of Tiered Water Rates
(Conservation Pricing) 2.4 3.3 38% 75%
Water Budget Based Billing for All Customers 1.3 1.9 11% 33% Water Budget Based Billing for Only Irrigation Customers 1.7 2.9 22% 56% Install AMI for Existing Accounts 2.6 4.3 25% 88%
Install AMI for High Water Users and Large Landscape Accounts 2.8 4.4 50% 88% Install AMI in New Development 2.4 4.3 38% 88%
End Point Leak Detection and Flow Monitoring 2.1 3.0 25% 50% CalWEP District Distribution Program 1.8 2.3 33% 33%
Behavior Based Customer Messaging Platforms 1.9 2.9 25% 63% Average by Program Type 1.9 2.8

PUBLIC OUTREACH AND EDUCATION
Water Use Surveys/Audits - CII 2.3 2.9 44% 56%
Water Use Surveys/Audits - MFR 2.7 3.1 67% 67%
Water Use Surveys/Audits - SFR 2.6 3.0 67% 67%
Garden Sense Consultation 3.1 2.3 78% 56%
Educational Workshops 3.3 2.7 78% 56%
Conservation Measure/Program
Current
SMSWP
Program
Prioritization (a) Preference (b)
E-1 EKI C40180.00

Table E-1 Regional Prioritization of Conservation Measures and Programs Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership
Regional Local Regional Local
Conservation Measure/Program
Current
SMSWP
Program
Prioritization (a) Preference (b)
Garden Tour 3.2 1.6 78% 11%
SFR Home Water Report 2.0 2.8 44% 67%
Promote Green Building and Certification 2.4 1.3 56% 11% Provide Support with Smart Irrigation Controller Setup 2.7 2.6 67% 56% Public Outreach through Print & Electronic Media - Focused on Indoor Conservation 3.7 3.4 89% 89%
Public Outreach through Print & Electronic Media - Focused on Outdoor Irrigation

4.4 4.1 100% 89%
Promote QWEL Training (Qualified Water efficient Landscaper) 3.9 2.6 89% 33% School Education Programs 4.0 2.6 100% 67%
Do-It-Yourself Home Energy and Water Savings Toolkit 3.2 2.2 78% 44% Average by Program Type 3.1 2.7

DEVICE-BASED AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVE PROGRAMS
High Efficiency Faucet Aerator / Showerhead Giveaway - CII Customers 2.4 3.1 44% 56%
High Efficiency Faucet Aerator / Showerhead Giveaway -
Residential Customers

2.7 4.0 56% 89%
Toilet Flapper Giveaway - Residential and CII 2.2 3.0 44% 67% UHET Direct Installation - Residential and CII 1.7 2.2 33% 33% Urinal Direct Installation - CII 1.7 2.0 44% 33%
Thermostatic Shut-Off Valve Showerheads/Tub Spouts Rebates 1.7 1.8 33% 33% HET (<1.28 gal/flush) Replacement Rebates 2.3 2.6 44% 44% High Efficiency Urinal (<0.25 gal/flush) Replacement Rebates - CII 2.1 2.6 44% 44% Plumber Initiated UHET and / or HEU Retrofit Program 1.7 2.0 22% 22% Direct Install of Efficient Indoor Fixtures - Commercial and Industrial

1.9 2.4 33% 44%
Direct Install of Efficient Indoor Fixtures - Government Buildings 2.1 2.4 44% 44% Direct Install of Efficient Indoor Fixtures - Low Income Residential 2.3 2.9 44% 56% Direct Install of Efficient Indoor Fixtures - Residential 2.3 2.7 44% 44% E-2 EKI C40180.00

Table E-1 Regional Prioritization of Conservation Measures and Programs Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership
Regional Local Regional Local
Conservation Measure/Program
Current
SMSWP
Program
Prioritization (a) Preference (b)
High Efficiency Clothes Washer Install - Low Income Residential Customers 1.6 1.2 22% 11%
High Efficiency Clothes Washer Rebate - Residential 3.1 3.1 67% 67% High Efficiency Clothes Washer Rebate Program - CII 2.0 2.8 44% 78% Efficient Dishwasher Rebates 1.9 1.9 44% 44%
Indoor Fixture Program For Hotels & Motels 2.0 2.8 44% 67% Indoor Fixture Program For Schools 2.1 2.0 44% 33%
Water Savings Incentive Program for CII 1.8 2.9 33% 78% Nonresidential Incentive for Self-closing or Metering Faucets 1.9 2.6 22% 44% Laminar Flow Restrictor Rebate for Health Care Related Facilities 1.9 2.8 22% 67% Autoclave (Steam-Sterilizer) Retrofit Rebates 1.3 1.4 11% 22% Air Cooled Ice Machine Rebates 1.7 1.9 22% 44%
Connectionless Food Steamer Rebates 2.0 1.9 33% 44%
Commercial Kitchen High Efficiency Dishwasher Rebate 1.3 1.8 11% 33% Dipper Well Rebates 2.2 2.3 44% 67%
Hot Water on Demand Pump System Rebate/ Hot Water
Recircling System

1.7 2.2 33% 56%
Dry Vacuum Pumps 1.3 1.9 11% 44%
Ozone Laundry Washer Rebate - CII 1.6 2.1 22% 56%
Plumbing Flow Control Valve - CII (Faucets and Showerheads) 1.9 2.7 22% 56% Incentivize Cooling Tower Upgrades 1.3 2.1 11% 56%
Rebates for Conductivity Controllers on Cooling Towers 1.6 2.1 22% 56% Sustained Reduction, or rebates for any CII project which demonstrates water savings 1.6 2.0 22% 33%
Landscape Conversion or Turf Removal - MFR and CII 3.2 4.7 67% 100% Landscape Conversion or Turf Removal - SFR 3.3 4.8 67% 100% Mulch Rebate 2.4 3.4 44% 67%
E-3 EKI C40180.00

Table E-1 Regional Prioritization of Conservation Measures and Programs Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership
Regional Local Regional Local
Conservation Measure/Program
Current
SMSWP
Program
Prioritization (a) Preference (b)
Incentivize Irrigation Equipment Upgrades - SFR 2.0 3.4 33% 67% Commerical Landscape Irrigation Improvement Program (CLIIP) Rebates 2.4 3.5 50% 75%
Rotating Sprinkler Nozzle Giveaway 2.4 2.8 56% 56%
Nozzle Replacement Irrigation - Residential 1.9 2.9 33% 44% Nozzle Replacement Irrigation CII - Large Landscape 1.9 3.0 33% 56% In-Stem Flow Regulators 1.9 2.1 33% 33%
Smart Irrigation Controller (Weather-Based Irrigation Controller) Giveaway - Large Landscape 1.9 2.3 44% 44%
Smart Irrigation Controller (Weather-Based Irrigation Controller) Giveaway - SFR 1.9 2.7 44% 44%
Soil Moisture Sensor Giveaway 2.0 2.1 44% 22%
Soil Moisture Sensor Rebate 1.9 2.0 44% 22%
Pilot Spring Irrigation Repairs Rebate 2.0 2.2 44% 33%
Rain Barrel Rebate 2.2 3.1 44% 67%
Rain Barrel Rebate - MFR & Large Landscapes 2.0 2.9 33% 56% Incentivize Gray Water Retrofit for Existing SFR Customers 1.9 2.7 22% 56% Incentivize Gray Water Systems for New CII Development 1.8 1.9 22% 33% Incentivize Submetering for Existing Customers - MFR, CII 1.7 2.4 33% 56% Incentivize Submetering of Cooling Towers for Existing Customers 1.1 1.9 0% 33% Flow Sensor Rebate Irrigation System 1.7 2.3 33% 44%
SFR Wireless Flow Monitor 1.7 2.0 33% 33%
Incentivize Replacement of Pressure Reducing Valves (PRVs) with 60-70 psi PRVs

1.4 1.7 11% 22%
Pool Removal Rebates 1.8 2.6 22% 44%
Swimming Pool and Hot Tub Cover Rebates 1.6 2.7 33% 56% Tiered Water Rate Exemption Assitance Program 1.0 1.4 0% 11% Average by Program Type 1.9 2.5
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POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
Demand Offset/Water Neutral Policy for Large New
Developments 2.7 3.7 44% 78%
Prohibit Once through Cooling Systems 2.7 3.9 44% 78%
Require <0.25 gal/flush Urinals in New Development 1.6 1.9 22% 33% Require <1.0 gal/flush Toilets in New Development 2.1 3.1 33% 56% Require Cooling Tower Retrofits 2.2 2.6 44% 56%
Require High Efficiency Clothes Washers in New Development 1.7 2.6 22% 44% Require Hot Water on Demand / Structured Plumbing in New Residential Development 2.0 2.4 44% 56%
Require Irrigation Designers / Installers be Certified (QWEL) 1.6 1.9 22% 33% Require On-Site Water Reuse Systems (Grey Water or Black Water) for Large CII Developments 1.8 1.9 33% 33%
Require Plumbing for Gray Water in New SFR Development 2.2 1.9 33% 33% Require Plumbing for Recycled Water in New CII Development 1.6 3.0 11% 56% Require Plumbing for Recycled Water in New MFR Development 1.8 2.3 33% 33% Require Rain Barrels in New Development 1.8 2.0 33% 44% Require Submetering by Unit for Existing Commercial Customers 1.8 2.1 33% 44% Require Submetering by Unit for New Commercial Developments 1.6 2.8 22% 67% Require Submetering for New MFR Developments 2.1 2.4 44% 44% Require Submetering for New Mobile Home Park Developments 2.2 2.1 33% 44% Require Submetering of Cooling Towers for Existing Customers 1.8 2.3 22% 33% Require Submetering of Cooling Towers for New Development 1.1 2.1 0% 33% Require Submetering of Existing MFR (and Mobile Home Park) Customers 1.3 1.7 11% 22%
Require Submetering of Landscaping for Existing MFR and Commercial Customers 1.3 2.0 11% 33%
Require Submetering of Landscaping for New MFR and
Commercial Developments

1.8 2.8 11% 44%
Require Swimming Pool and Hot Tub Covers 1.6 2.4 11% 33% E-5 EKI C40180.00

Table E-1 Regional Prioritization of Conservation Measures and Programs Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership
Regional Local Regional Local
Conservation Measure/Program
Current
SMSWP
Program
Prioritization (a) Preference (b)
Require Water Efficiency Plan Reviews for New CII Development 1.8 2.8 22% 56% Require Weather Adjusting Smart Irrigation Controllers, Rain Sensors, and/or Soil Moisture Sensors in New Development 1.8 3.1 22% 56% Restrict Landscape Irrigation to Designated Days/Times 1.3 2.1 11% 33% Water Conserving Landscape and Irrigation Codes, More
Stringent than MWELO 2.2 3.6 33% 67%
Water Waste Ordinance 2.7 4.2 33% 78%
Average by Program Type 1.9 2.6
Abbreviations:

AMI = advanced metering infrastructure MFR = multi-family residential CalWEP = California Water Efficiency Partnership MWELO = Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance CII = commercial, industrial, institutional PRV = pressure reducing valve COM = commercial SFR = single-family residential
HEU = High-Efficiency Urinals SMSWP = Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership IRR = irrigation UHET = ultra high efficiency toilet
Notes:
(a) Each Water Contractor was asked to rank each conservation program or measure in terms of priority as a regionally-administered program, and as a locally administered program, where 5 indicated highest priority and 1 indicated the lowest priority. Results are presented as an average of the responses of all nine Water Contractors. (b) Presents the percentage of Water Contractors who indicated a priority of greater or equal to 3 for regional or local implementation.

E-6 EKI C40180.00

Conservation Measure/Program Prioritization (a) Sector
Indoor
Outdoor
Primary End
Use
Local
Program

AGENCY ACTIONS AND WATER RATES
Increase Enforcement of Customer Pressure
Reducing Valve (PRV) Requirement
1 All XX Water loss;
Irrigation No
Establish Separate Pricing Structure for Irrigation
Accounts
5 IRR X Irrigation Yes, currently
Implementation or Modification of Tiered Water
Rates (Conservation Pricing)
5 All XX All Yes, currently
Rate Structure Evaluation 1 All XX All No
Regional UHET and/or Urinal Bulk Purchase Program 1 All X Toilet / Urinal No
Water Budget Based Billing for Only Irrigation
Customers
5 CII, IRR X Irrigation Yes, currently
Install AMI for Existing Accounts 5 All XX Water loss;
Irrigation Yes, currently
Install AMI for High Water Users and Large
Landscape Accounts
5 All X Water loss;
Irrigation Yes, currently
Water Budget Based Billing for All Customers 2 All XX All No Install AMI in New Development 5 All XX Water loss;
Irrigation Yes, currently
Increase Enforcement of Indoor Fixture Retrofit at
Time of Sale
3 All XX
Toilet,
Urinal,
Faucet,
Showerhead
Yes, currently
Increase Enforcement of State Water Waste
Regulations
3 All X Irrigation Yes, currently
Behavior Based Customer Messaging Platforms 3 All XX All Yes, currently End Point Leak Detection and Flow Monitoring 1 All XX Water loss; Irrigation No
CalWEP District Distribution Program 1 SFR, MFR,
COM XX All No
Water Budgeting/Monitoring for Large Landscape
Accounts
5 IRR XX Irrigation Yes, currently
PUBLIC OUTREACH AND EDUCATION #N/A
Water Use Surveys/Audits - CII 5 CII XX All Yes, currently Water Use Surveys/Audits - MFR 5 MFR X All Yes, currently Water Use Surveys/Audits - SFR 5 SFR XX All Yes, currently Garden Sense Consultation 1 SFR X All Outdoor Yes, currently Table E-2 Prioritization of Conservation Measures and Programs City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership E-7 EKI C40180.00
Conservation Measure/Program Prioritization (a) Sector
Indoor
Outdoor
Primary End
Use
Local
Program
Table E-2 Prioritization of Conservation Measures and Programs City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Educational Workshops 5 All X All Outdoor Yes, currently Garden Tour 1 SFR X All Outdoor Yes, currently
Provide Support with Smart Irrigation Controller
Setup
4 All X Irrigation No
Promote Green Building and Certification 1 CII XX All No Public Outreach through Print & Electronic Media -
Focused on Indoor Conservation
4 All X All Indoor Yes, currently
Public Outreach through Print & Electronic Media -
Focused on Outdoor Irrigation
4 All X Irrigation Yes, currently
SFR Home Water Report 3 SFR XX All Yes, currently
School Education Programs 3 SFR, MFR XX All Yes, currently Promote QWEL Training (Qualified Water efficient
Landscaper)
2 All X All Outdoor Yes, currently

DEVICE-BASED AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVE
PROGRAMS #N/A
High Efficiency Faucet Aerator / Showerhead
Giveaway - CII Customers
5 CII X Faucet,
Showerhead Yes, currently
High Efficiency Faucet Aerator / Showerhead
Giveaway - Residential Customers
5 SFR, MFR X Faucet,
Showerhead Yes, currently
Toilet Flapper Giveaway - Residential and CII 5 All X Toilet Yes, currently UHET Direct Installation - Residential and CII 5 CII X Toilet Yes, currently Urinal Direct Installation - CII 5 CII X Urinal Yes, currently Thermostatic Shut-Off Valve Showerheads/Tub
Spouts Rebates
1 SFR, MFR, CII X Shower No
HET (<1.28 gal/flush) Replacement Rebates 1 SFR, MFR X Toliet No High Efficiency Urinal (<0.25 gal/flush) Replacement
Rebates - CII
5 CII X Urinal Yes, currently
Plumber Initiated UHET and / or HEU Retrofit
Program
5 All X Toilet /
Urinal Yes, currently
Direct Install of Efficient Indoor Fixtures -
Commercial and Industrial
5 CII X
Toilet,
Urinal,
Faucet,
Showerhead
Yes, currently
Direct Install of Efficient Indoor Fixtures -
Government Buildings
5 CII X
Toilet,
Urinal,
Faucet,
Yes, currently
E-8 EKI C40180.00
Conservation Measure/Program Prioritization (a) Sector
Indoor
Outdoor
Primary End
Use
Local
Program
Table E-2 Prioritization of Conservation Measures and Programs City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Direct Install of Efficient Indoor Fixtures - Low
Income Residential
5 SFR, MFR X
Toilet,
Faucet,
Showerhead
Yes, currently
Direct Install of Efficient Indoor Fixtures - Residential 5 SFR, MFR X Toilet,
Faucet,
Showerhead
Yes, currently
Do-It-Yourself Home Energy and Water Savings
Toolkit
1 SFR XX All Yes, currently
High Efficiency Clothes Washer Install - Low Income
Residential Customers
1 SFR, MFR X Clothes
Washer No
High Efficiency Clothes Washer Rebate - Residential 1 SFR, MFR X Clothes Washer Yes, currently
Indoor Fixture Program For Hotels & Motels 5 CII X All Indoor Yes, currently Efficient Dishwasher Rebates 1 SFR X Dishwashers No
Water Savings Incentive Program for CII 5 CII X All Indoor Yes, currently Landscape Conversion or Turf Removal - MFR and
CII
5 MFR, CII X Irrigation Yes, currently
Landscape Conversion or Turf Removal - SFR 5 SFR X Irrigation Yes, currently Incentivize Irrigation Equipment Upgrades - SFR 5 SFR X Irrigation Yes, currently Rain Barrel Rebate 5 SFR X Irrigation Yes, currently
Rain Barrel Rebate - MFR & Large Landscapes 5 MFR, CII X Irrigation Yes, currently Incentivize Submetering for Existing Customers -

MFR, CII
5 MFR, COM,
IRR X All Indoor Yes, currently
Incentivize Submetering of Cooling Towers for
Existing Customers
5 CII X Cooling
Towers Yes, currently
Pool Removal Rebates 5 SFR, MFR X Pool/Hot
Tub Yes, currently
Swimming Pool and Hot Tub Cover Rebates 5 SFR, MFR X Pool/Hot Tub Yes, currently
Hot Water on Demand Pump System Rebate/ Hot
Water Recircling System
1 SFR, MFR X Hot Water Yes,
previously
High Efficiency Clothes Washer Rebate Program - CII 4 CII X Clothes Washer Yes, currently
Sustained Reduction, or rebates for any CII project
which demonstrates water savings
4 CII XX All Yes, currently
Incentivize Gray Water Retrofit for Existing SFR
Customers
4 SFR X Irrigation /
Gray Water Yes, currently
Flow Sensor Rebate Irrigation System 4 SFR, MFR X Irrigation Yes, currently E-9 EKI C40180.00
Conservation Measure/Program Prioritization (a) Sector
Indoor
Outdoor
Primary End
Use
Local
Program
Table E-2 Prioritization of Conservation Measures and Programs City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Nonresidential Incentive for Self-closing or Metering
Faucets
3 CII X Faucet Yes, currently
Laminar Flow Restrictor Rebate for Health Care
Related Facilities
3 Institutional X Faucet Yes, currently
Autoclave (Steam-Sterilizer) Retrofit Rebates 3 CII X CII Equipment Yes, currently
Air Cooled Ice Machine Rebates 3 CII X CII
Equipment Yes, currently
Mulch Rebate 2 SFR X Irrigation No
Connectionless Food Steamer Rebates 3 CII X CII
Equipment Yes, currently
Commerical Landscape Irrigation Improvement
Program (CLIIP) Rebates
2 Commercial X Irrigation No
Rotating Sprinkler Nozzle Giveaway 2 All X Irrigation No Nozzle Replacement Irrigation - Residential 2 SFR, MFR X Irrigation No Nozzle Replacement Irrigation CII - Large Landscape 2 CII X Irrigation No In-Stem Flow Regulators 2 Commercial X Irrigation No
Smart Irrigation Controller (Weather-Based
Irrigation Controller) Giveaway - Large Landscape
1 MFR, CII X Irrigation No
Smart Irrigation Controller (Weather-Based
Irrigation Controller) Giveaway - SFR
1 SFR X Irrigation No
Soil Moisture Sensor Giveaway 1 All X Irrigation No
Soil Moisture Sensor Rebate 1 All X Irrigation No
Pilot Spring Irrigation Repairs Rebate 1 MFR, COM,
IRR X Irrigation No
Commercial Kitchen High Efficiency Dishwasher
Rebate
3 Commercial X Dishwashers Yes, currently
Dipper Well Rebates 3 CII X CII
Equipment Yes, currently
Dry Vacuum Pumps 3 CII X CII
Equipment Yes, currently
Ozone Laundry Washer Rebate - CII 3 CII X Clothes
Washer Yes, currently
Plumbing Flow Control Valve - CII (Faucets and
Showerheads)
3 Commercial X Faucet Yes, currently
Incentivize Cooling Tower Upgrades 3 CII X Cooling
Towers Yes, currently
E-10 EKI C40180.00
Conservation Measure/Program Prioritization (a) Sector
Indoor
Outdoor
Primary End
Use
Local
Program
Table E-2 Prioritization of Conservation Measures and Programs City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Rebates for Conductivity Controllers on Cooling
Towers
3 CII X Cooling
Towers Yes, currently
SFR Wireless Flow Monitor 1 SFR XX Water Loss No
Incentivize Gray Water Systems for New CII
Development
3 CII X Irrigation /
Gray Water Yes, currently
Indoor Fixture Program For Schools 2 CII X All Indoor Yes, currently Incentivize Replacement of Pressure Reducing
Valves (PRVs) with 60-70 psi PRVs
1 All XX Water loss;
Irrigation Yes, currently
Tiered Water Rate Exemption Assitance Program 1 SFR XX
Toilet,
Faucet,
Showerhead
, Clothes
Washer,
Irrigation
No

POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
Demand Offset/Water Neutral Policy for Large New
Developments
5 All XX All Yes, currently
Prohibit Once through Cooling Systems 5 CII XX CII
Equipment Yes, currently
Require <0.25 gal/flush Urinals in New Development 0 CII X Urinal No Require <1.0 gal/flush Toilets in New Development 5 All X Toilet Yes, currently Require Cooling Tower Retrofits 1 CII X Cooling
Towers No
Require High Efficiency Clothes Washers in New
Development
1 SFR, MFR X Clothes
Washer No
Require Hot Water on Demand / Structured
Plumbing in New Residential Development
1 SFR, MFR X Shower/Sin
k No
Require Irrigation Designers / Installers be Certified
(QWEL)
1 All X Irrigation No
Require On-Site Water Reuse Systems (Grey Water
or Black Water) for Large CII Developments
1 CII X
Irrigation /
Recycled
Water
No
Require Plumbing for Gray Water in New SFR
Development
1 SFR X Irrigation /
Gray Water No
Require Plumbing for Recycled Water in New CII
Development
1 CII X
Irrigation /
Recycled
Water
No
Require Plumbing for Recycled Water in New MFR
Development
1 MFR X
Irrigation /
Recycled
Water
No
Require Rain Barrels in New Development 1 SFR X Irrigation No E-11 EKI C40180.00
Conservation Measure/Program Prioritization (a) Sector
Indoor
Outdoor
Primary End
Use
Local
Program
Table E-2 Prioritization of Conservation Measures and Programs City of Santa Rosa, Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership Require Submetering by Unit for Existing
Commercial Customers
1 CII X All Indoor No
Require Submetering by Unit for New Commercial
Developments
5 CII X All Indoor Yes, currently
Require Submetering for New MFR Developments 5 MFR X All Indoor Yes, currently Require Submetering for New Mobile Home Park
Developments
1 MFR X All Indoor No
Require Submetering of Cooling Towers for Existing
Customers
1 CII X Cooling
Towers No
Require Submetering of Cooling Towers for New
Development
1 CII X Cooling
Towers No
Require Submetering of Existing MFR (and Mobile
Home Park) Customers
1 MFR X All Indoor No
Require Submetering of Landscaping for Existing
MFR and Commercial Customers
1 MFR, CII X Irrigation No
Require Submetering of Landscaping for New MFR
and Commercial Developments
5 CII X Irrigation Yes, currently
Require Swimming Pool and Hot Tub Covers 1 SFR,MFR X Pool/Hot Tub No
Require Water Efficiency Plan Reviews for New CII
Development
5 CII XX All Indoor Yes, currently
Require Weather Adjusting Smart Irrigation
Controllers, Rain Sensors, and/or Soil Moisture
Sensors in New Development
5 All X Irrigation Yes, currently
Restrict Landscape Irrigation to Designated
Days/Times
1 All X Irrigation No
Water Conserving Landscape and Irrigation Codes,
More Stringent than MWELO
5 All X Irrigation Yes, currently
Water Waste Ordinance 5 All X All Outdoor Yes, currently Abbreviations
AMI = advanced metering infrastructure
CalWEP = California Water Efficiency Partnership
CII = commercial, industrial, institutional
COM = commercial SFR = single-family residential
HEU = High-Efficiency Urinals
IRR = irrigation
MFR = multi-family residential UHET = ultra high efficiency toilet Notes
(a) Each Water Contractor was asked to rank conservation programs and measures in terms of priority as a locally-administered program, where 5 indicated highest priority and 1 indicated the lowest priority.

MWELO = Model Water Efficient Landscape
Ordinance
PRV = pressure reducing valve
SMSWP = Sonoma-Marin Saving Water
Partnership
E-12 EKI C40180.00

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
June 2026
APPENDIX E: WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN

Jointly prepared by
City of Santa Rosa
2025 Water Shortage
Contingency Plan
June 2026

DRAFT 2025
Water
Shortage
Contingency
Plan
June 2026

City of Santa Rosa i 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 1-1

1.1 Overview of the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan .............................................................. 1-1

2. WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT ................................ ................................ ................2-1

2.1 Water Demand Characterization............................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Water Supply Characterization .................................................................................................................. 2-2

2.3 Water Service Reliability Findings............................................................................................................. 2-4

2.4 Emergency Response Planning ................................................................................................................. 2-7

2.4.1 Catastrophic Supply Interruption ................................................................................................. 2-7

2.4.2 Area-Wide Power Failure or Shutoff ........................................................................................... 2-7

2.4.3 Seismic Risk and Mitigation ............................................................................................................ 2-8

3. PROCEDURES FOR ANNUAL WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT ............................ 3-1

3.1 Decision Making Process ............................................................................................................................. 3-1

3.2 Key Data Inputs ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3

3.3 Assessment Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 3-3

3.3.1 Water Supply Forecast for the Annual Assessment .............................................................. 3-4

3.3.2 Unconstrained Customer Demand for the Annual Assessment ....................................... 3-4

3.3.3 Planned Water Use Current Year Considering Dry Subsequent Year for Annual Assessment ............................................................................................................................................ 3-4

3.3.4 Infrastructure Considerations for Annual Assessment ......................................................... 3-4

3.3.5 Other Factors for Annual Assessment ........................................................................................ 3-4

3.4 Adoption of the Annual Assessment Each Year .................................................................................. 3-5

4. WATER SHORTAGE STAGES ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........4-1

5. SHORTAGE RESPONSE ACTIONS ................................ ................................ ................................ ...5-1

5.1 Supply Augmentation ................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Demand Reduction Actions ........................................................................................................................ 5-2

5.2.1 Public Information Campaign ........................................................................................................ 5-2

5.2.2 Programs to Help Customers Reduce Water Use .................................................................. 5-3

5.2.3 Water Use Prohibitions and Restrictions ................................................................................... 5-4

5.2.3.1 Water Waste Ordinance ................................................................................................... 5-4

5.2.3.2 Restrictions on Water Features ...................................................................................... 5-4

5.2.3.3 Prohibitions and Restrictions by Shortage Stage ................................................... 5-4

5.2.4 Water Waste Patrols .......................................................................................................................... 5-5

5.2.5 Locally Appropriate Operational Changes ................................................................................ 5-5

5.2.6 Water Shortage Charge .................................................................................................................... 5-5

5.2.7 Water Allocations................................................................................................................................ 5-6

5.2.8 Excess Use Penalties .......................................................................................................................... 5-7

5.3 Shortage Response Action Effectiveness ............................................................................................... 5-8

6. COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS ................................ ................................ ................................ ...6-1

City of Santa Rosa ii 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

7. COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT ................................ ................................ .............................. 7-1

7.1 Compliance and Enforcement Procedures ............................................................................................ 7-1

7.2 Appeal Process ................................................................................................................................................. 7-2

7.3 Exemption and Reassessment Process ................................................................................................... 7-3

8. LEGAL AUTHORITIES ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................8-1

9. FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN ............................. 9-1

9.1 Revenue and Expenditure Impacts ........................................................................................................... 9-1

9.1.1 Water Shortage Charge .................................................................................................................... 9-2

9.1.2 Excess Use Penalty.............................................................................................................................. 9-3

9.1.3 Water Shortage Charge Rate and Excess Use Penalty Structure and Impact ............. 9-3

9.2 Use of Reserves ................................................................................................................................................ 9-6

9.3 Capital Improvement Program Reductions .......................................................................................... 9-7

10. MONITORING AND REPORTING ................................ ................................ ................................ 10-1

11. SHORTAGE PLAN REFINEMENT PROCEDURES ................................ ................................ ......... 11-1

12. PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND AVAILABILITY ................................ ................................ 12-1

12.1 Notice of Public Hearing ........................................................................................................................... 12-1

12.1.1 Notice to Cities and Counties Regarding Preparation of the 2025 Shortage Plan 12-1

12.1.2 Notice to the Public for the 2025 Shortage Plan ................................................................ 12-2

12.2 Public Hearing and Adoption .................................................................................................................. 12-2

12.3 Plan Submittal ............................................................................................................................................... 12-2

12.4 Public Availability ......................................................................................................................................... 12-2

12.5 Amending an Adopted Water Shortage Contingency Plan ........................................................ 12-2

TABLES
Table 1-1: Agency Identification (DWR Table 2-3)
Table 2-1: Projected Water Demand 2030-2050
Table 2-2: Estimated Water Use 2026-2030 for Drought Risk Assessment Table 2-3. Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Table 7-2) Table 2-4. Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Table 7-3) Table 2-5. Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Table 7-4) Table 2-6. Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Tables to Address Water Code Section 10635(b) (DWR Table 7-5)
Table 3-1: Proposed Schedule of Decision-Making Activities (Subject to Change) Table 4-1: City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan Levels Table 4-2: City’s Shortage Levels Comparison to DWR Standards (DWR Table 8-1) Table 5-1: City Well Pump Capacity
Table 5-2: Supply Augmentation Shortage Response Actions (DWR Table 8-2 Retail) Table 5-3: Incremental Changes in Water Rates
Table 5-4: Excess Use Penalty (EUP) Structure for Stages 5 - 8 Table 5-5: Demand Reduction Actions (DWR Table 8-2)

City of Santa Rosa iii 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Table 9-1: Water Usage Rates Effective July 2025
Table 9-2: Water Shortage Charge (WSC) for All Water Sold – Stages 2 through 8 Table 9-3: Excess Use Penalty (EUP) Structure for Stages 5 - 8 Table 9-4: Water Shortage Rate Structures – July 2025(a) Table 9-5: Impact of Water Shortage on Revenues and Expenditures with proposed Water Shortage Strategy (FY 24-25)
Table 9-6: Sample Single Family Residential Charges
Table 12-1: Notification to Cities and Counties (DWR Table 10-1 Retail)

APPENDICES
Appendix A: 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan Response Actions Appendix B: Communication Protocols
Appendix C: Sample Resolution of the Council of the City of Santa Rosa Declaring a Water Shortage Emergency

City of Santa Rosa iv 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Acronym Definition
AB Assembly Bill
AF Acre-Feet
AFY Acre-Feet Per Year
AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure
ASR Aquifer Storage and Recovery
AWE Alliance for Water Efficiency
AWIA America’s Water Infrastructure Act
AWSDA Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment
BMP Best Management Practice
BPU Board of Public Utilities
CalWEP California Water Efficiency Partnership
CII Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional
City City of Santa Rosa
CUWCC California Urban Water Conservation Council
CWC California Water Code
DDW Division of Drinking Water
DMM Demand Management Measure
DWR Department of Water Resources
EKI EKI Environment and Water, Inc.

ET Evapotranspiration
EUP Excess Use Penalties
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
FY Fiscal Year
GPCD Gallons Per Capita Per Day
GSP Groundwater Sustainability Plan
LHMP Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
MJLHMP Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan MOU Memorandum of Understanding
P.O.W.E.R. Public Officials for Water and Environmental Reform PG&E Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Restructured Agreement Restructured Agreement for Water Supply dated June 2006 RRA Risk and Resilience Assessment
SCADA System Control and Data Acquisition
SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
Shortage Methodology Water Shortage Allocation Methodology Shortage Plan Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Sonoma Water Sonoma County Water Agency
TGAL 1000 gallons

City of Santa Rosa v 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
UWMP Urban Water Management Plan
WSAP Water Supply Alternatives Plan
WSC Water Shortage Charge
WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan
WUE Water Use Efficiency

City of Santa Rosa 1-1 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview of the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan The City of Santa Rosa (City) Water Shortage Contingency Plan (Shortage Plan) is a detailed operational plan that documents how the City will respond to a variety of water shortage scenarios. The Shortage Plan establishes protocols for triggering City -wide water supply shortage levels, implementing corresponding demand reduction strategies to respond to actual supply conditions, and ensures the strategic management of a short- or long-term water shortage event.

A water shortage may occur due to a variety of potential scenarios, such as drought, climate change, regulatory constraints, natural or human caused disasters, and catastrophic events which may occur at any time. The Shortage Plan is the City’s operating m anual that allows the City Council, staff, and the public to identify and efficiently implement pre-determined steps to manage a water shortage.

Trigger points for determining water shortage conditions on the Russian River system are determined by the Sonoma County Water Agency (Sonoma Water) and water shortage provisions for the Sonoma Water system are governed by the Restructured Agreement for Wa ter Supply dated June 2006 (Restructured Agreement). The contractual provisions of the Restructured Agreement dictate how water supply reductions will be administered by Sonoma Water in the event of a water shortage. For the City and the other parties to the Restructured Agreement (2006), the shortage provisions are defined in Section 3.5 of that agreement and are further defined in the Water Shortage Allocation Methodology (Shortage Methodology) (2022). The Restructured Agreement Section 3.5 provisions, and the Shortage Methodology, are designed to take into account the demand hardening associated with water conservation. The City continues to implement aggressive water conservation programs and has one of the lowest per capita water use rates among all of Sonoma Water’s Water Contractors.

The City’s first Shortage Plan was adopted by Santa Rosa’s City Council on February 11, 1992, in response to emergency legislation, California Assembly Bill 11X. The Shortage Plan has been updated periodically, at a minimum every five years as part of the City’s Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) as required by State law. Legislation has changed the requirements of water shortage contingency planning several times since the initial bill was passed. The current requirements are in Section 10632 of the California Water Code (CWC), the Urban Water Management Planning Act.

The City’s 1992 Shortage Plan was revised in 1996 with updated demand and financial data. In 2002, the City completed a comprehensive revision with updates to the demand projections, financial analysis, rate structure for each rationing stage, and rationing methodology for per capita allocations and landscape allocations. In 2005, the City updated the demand and financial data for its Shortage Plan. In 2006, the City added two sections to the document addressing minimum water supply during drought and emergency planning actions. In 2010, the revision included updates to the demand projections, financial analysis, and per capita allocations, and the City added a new rationi ng stage. In 2015 the City updated the demand projections and financial analysis, added two new rationing stages, and revised the water allocations in those stages. In 2020, the City updated long-term demand projections, updated the financial analysis, added one additional shortage stage, added per capita allocations in rationing stages, and developed a crosswalk to map the existing water shortage stages to the California Department of Water Resources ’s (DWR) required six shortage levels.

City of Santa Rosa 1-2 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
The City’s 2025 Shortage Plan updates the long-term demand projections, and financial analysis.

The City prepared this Shortage Plan on a calendar year basis, with the calendar year starting on January 1 and ending on December 31 of each year. The City reports water volumes in units of acre -feet (AF) and acre-feet per year (AFY) in this plan. The City’s reporting methods for this 202 5 UWMP are summarized in Table 1-1.

TABLE 1-1: AGENCY IDENTIFICATION (DWR TABLE 2-3)
Type of Supplier
Supplier is a wholesale supplier
 Supplier is a retail supplier
Fiscal or Calendar Year
 UWMP Tables are in calendar years
UWMP Tables are in fiscal years
Units of measure used in UWMP
Unit AF
The Shortage Plan includes the following sections:

1. Introduction provides a basic overview of the plan.

2. Water Service Reliability Assessment summarizes key elements of the water supply reliability analysis conducted for the City’s 2025 UWMP and discussed primarily in its Chapters 4, 6, and 7.

3. Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Procedures outlines the process that the City will use to conduct assessments each year to determine if a shortage exists or is anticipated and provides written decision-making steps for any subsequent actions.

4. Water Shortage Stages describes the City’s eight water shortage levels and illustrates how these align with the State’s six standard water shortage levels.

5. Shortage Response Actions describes the shortage response actions the City will implement for each shortage level and estimates the extent these actions will address the gap between supplies and demand.

6. Communication Protocols explains the procedures that the City will use to inform customers, the public, and government entities of any current or predicted water shortages and associated response actions.

7. Compliance and Enforcement details the means the City will use to ensure compliance and enforcement of triggered shortage response actions and describes appeal and exemption procedures.

8. Legal Authorities describes the legal authorities that will empower the City’s implementation of shortage response actions during water shortage emergencies.

City of Santa Rosa 1-3 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

9. Financial Consequences of Shortage Conditions provides a discussion of the potential revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activating shortage response actions and describes the City’s mitigation actions.

10. Monitoring and Reporting Program summarizes how the City will ensure appropriate data is collected to monitor customer compliance and to respond to any state reporting requirements.

11. Procedures for Reevaluating and Improving the Shortage Plan describes steps the City will take to assess the functionality of the Shortage Plan and make appropriate adjustments as may be warranted.

12. Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Availability outlines how the City will adopt, submit, implement, and amend (if necessary) the Shortage Plan, and how the City will make it publicly available.

City of Santa Rosa 2-1 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

2. WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT
This section relies on the water supply planning analysis and reliability findings from the City’s 2025 UWMP.

The discussion below includes a concise summary of the City’s water supply reliability assessment for 2030- 2050 and the Drought Risk Assessment for 2026 -2030 (from Chapter 7 of the City’s 2025 UWMP). Further information about existing and projected water use can be found in Chapter 4 of the City’s 2025 UWMP, while more details on existing and planned water supplies by source can be found in Chapter 6 of the City’s 2025 UWMP.

2.1 Water Demand Characterization
The long-term water demand analysis is provided in five-year increments through 2050. It includes a realistic prediction of future potable and non-potable (recycled) water use based on the City’s past and current use, combined with considerations of anticipated trends in water use, population growth, employment projections, new development, land use planning data, plum bing code information, new regulations, and climate change. The demand projections consider all customer sectors as well as authorized unbilled uses (for activities such as firefighting and line flushing) and water losses from the potable water system (real loss from the distribution system and apparent loss due to things such as billing errors).

The total projections have been adjusted to account for anticipated “passive” water savings which result from new and existing plumbing codes and local ordinances which help reduce water use. In addition to analyzing the passive savings, an analysis of the potential “active” potable water savings was conducted.

The assessment of active water savings focused on customer participation in the City’s water use efficiency programs. To be conservative, the City did not reduce its long -term demand projections to a djust for anticipated active water savings due to the variation year over year of program participation.

Under contract with the City, EKI Environment and Water, Inc. (EKI) completed a detailed demand analysis which is provided in Appendix D of the City’s 2025 UWMP. The City’s projected water demand in five -year increments through 2050 is provided in Table 2-1.

City of Santa Rosa 2-2 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
TABLE 2-1: PROJECTED WATER DEMAND 2030-2050
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Potable 19,613 19,921 20,313 20,765 21,263
Non-potable (recycled) 140 140 140 140 140
Total 19,753 20,061 20,453 20,905 21,403
Source: 2025 UWMP Table 4-9 (DWR Table 4-2)
The water supply reliability assessment in the 2025 UWMP also includes a Drought Risk Assessment that considers annual water use for the next five years (2026 -2030) at “unconstrained” levels. Unconstrained refers to anticipated water use under normal water year conditions when the City is not experiencing a water shortage. To estimate unconstrained demand for 2026 -2030, the City interpolated between 2025 actual use and the projected demand for 2030, as shown in Table 2-2.

Non-potable (recycled) water use for 2026-2030 was estimated at 140 AFY. The City has no plans to expand the recycled water system in the urban setting for the foreseeable future. Therefore, demands for urban recycled water for 2026 -2030 have been projected based on average use for the last ten years (110 AFY) adjusted to 140 AFY to allow for possible impacts of climate change.

TABLE 2-2: ESTIMATED WATER USE 2026-2030 FOR DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT

2026
Estimated
2027
Estimate)
2028
Estimated
2029
Estimated
2030
Projected
Potable(a) 17,660 18,148 18,637 19,125 19,613
Non-potable (recycled)(b) 140 140 140 140 140
Total 17,800 18,288 18,777 19,265 19,753
(a) Estimated potable water demand for 2026-2030 was based on interpolating between actual 2025 use and projected 2030 demands from Table 5-4 in Appendix D (EKI report).
(b) Estimated non-potable (recycled water) demand is expected remain at or below 140 AFY.

2.2 Water Supply Characterization
The City has three existing sources of water supply that are summarized at a high level below. Bullets under each source of supply summarize the long-term supply projections for 2030-2050 under varying hydrologic conditions (normal, single dry, and dry five -year periods). More details on existing and planned water supplies by source can be found in Chapter 6 of the City’s 2025 UWMP.

Purchased Water: The City receives approximately 95 percent of its potable water supply from Sonoma Water under the provisions of the 2006 Restructured Agreement for Water Supply (Restructured Agreement). Sonoma Water’s primary source of supply is the Russian River, with a small amount of water coming from three groundwater wells. The City’s annual entitlement is 29,100 AFY.

Section 3.5 of the Restructured Agreement contains supply shortage provisions, which are further defined in the Shortage Methodology. Under the Shortage Methodology, if Sonoma Water’s surface water rights and Russian River supply remain limited to 75,000 AFY and the Water Contractors’ total demands reach Sonoma Water’s 75,000 AFY available supply, then the City’s allocation during a shortage would still be

City of Santa Rosa 2-3 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
29,100 AFY, the City’s full entitlement under the Restructured Agreement. Because the City has implemented an aggressive water conservation program over the past 30 years, it has one of the lowest per capita water uses among all of Sonoma Water’s customers , which is why demand hardening is reflected in the Restructured Agreement.
• Normal Year: 29,100 AFY; Sonoma Water’s model projects being able to provide the City’s full entitlement during normal water years through 2050.
• Single Dry Year : Sonoma Water’s model does not project a supply shortfall of potable water supply during single-dry years. For the purpose of single -dry year supply projections for the City’s 2025 UWMP, purchased water volume is assumed equal to total projected demands. • Dry Five-Year Period: Sonoma Water’s model projects having less water than normal during dry five-year periods that are hydrologically equivalent to the driest five -year period on record (1987-1991) through 2050, but the City does not anticipate experiencing water shortages during such periods. For the purpose of multiple dry years supply projections for the City’s 2025 UWMP, purchased water volume is assumed equal to total projected demands. • Drought Risk Assessment (2026-2030): Sonoma Water assessed its water supply for 2026 -2030 assuming dry conditions equivalent to the driest five year period on record (1987 -1991).

Sonoma Water determined it could provide supplies equal to unconstrained total City demands (less the volume of groundwater and recycled water supplies available) for each of the upcoming five years if a similar drought occurred.

Groundwater: The City produces approximately five percent of its potable water supply from groundwater wells located within the Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin (Subbasin) of the Santa Rosa Valley Groundwater Basin.

The Subbasin is managed via a Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) developed in response to the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). With the adoption of the 2023 Water Supply Alternatives Plan (WSAP), the City has a renewed focus on new production capacity. This could include developing new groundwater wells, converting emergency wells to production and exploration of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) wells. With the WSAP, the City anticipates developing new production groundwater wells, up to approximately 4,100 AFY, including existing supply of 2,300 AFY. • Normal Year: 4,100 AFY
• Single Dry Year : 4,100 AFY; the City projects that groundwater supply would not be reduced during a single-dry year due to the short duration of a single-dry year and the historic artesian conditions of the City’s Farmers Lane wells (currently the sole production wells f or the City). • Dry Five -Year Period : 4,100 AFY; the City projects that groundwater supply would not be reduced during dry five-year periods due to the quantity of groundwater storage available and the City’s observation that its wells have historically always quickly returned to artesian conditions each year (even during drought conditions).
• Drought Risk Assessment (2026 -2030): 2,300 AFY; the City projects that groundwater supply would not be reduced if the next five years were equivalent to the driest five -year period on record. 2,300 AFY is the current groundwater supply before new groundwater wells are installed (as described above).

Recycled Water: The City offsets approximately 0.7 percent of total demand for potable water in the urban system with recycled water produced from the Santa Rosa Regional Water Reuse System (Regional System).

City of Santa Rosa 2-4 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
The City is not planning to expand the urban recycled water system for the duration of the planning period of the 2025 UWMP. Urban recycled water customers are considered “non -interruptible” and have priority for recycled water deliveries. Therefore, the City projects being able to provide up to 140 AFY of non-potable water (recycled water) to urban recycled water customers through 2045. • Normal Year: The Regional System provides up to approximately 140 AFY for urban recycled water customers.
• Single Dry Year : 140 AFY; t he City projects non-potable (recycled) water supply would not be reduced during single-dry years.
• Dry Five-Year Period: 140 AFY; the City projects non-potable (recycled) water supply would not be reduced during a dry five-year period.
• Drought Risk Assessment (2026 -2030): 140 AFY; the City projects non -potable (recycled) water supply would not be reduced if the next five years were equivalent to the driest five-year period on record.

2.3 Water Service Reliability Findings
This section summarizes the findings of the reliability analysis of the City’s water service under various scenarios. The analysis considers projected water demands discussed in Section 2.1 and planned water supplies in Section 2.2 to determine if, and when, water shortages might be anticipated. Water service reliability was evaluated through 2050 in five-year increments for normal water years, single dry water years, and dry periods lasting five consecutive years. Separately, a Drought Risk Assessment was evaluated for 2026-2030 assuming drought conditions equivalent to the driest five-year period on record. Full details on the water service reliability analyses can be found in Chapter 7 of the City’s 2025 UWMP. • Normal Water Years: The City projects having adequate water supplies in normal years to meet demands through 2050 (see Table 2-3).
• Single Dry Water Years: The City does not project a shortfall in contract water supply from Sonoma Water in any single dry year that is hydrologically equivalent to the driest water year on record (1977). The City also does not anticipate a shortfall in groundwater supply or recycled water supply (see Table 2-4).
• Dry Five-Year Periods: The City projects having adequate water supplies during dry five -year periods to meet normal demands through 2050 (see Table 2-5). • Drought Risk Assessment: The City projects having adequate water supplies to meet unconstrained demands for 2026-2030, assuming the hydrology will be equivalent to the driest five-year period on record (1987-1991) (see Table 2-6).

City of Santa Rosa 2-5 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
TABLE 2-3. NORMAL YEAR SUPPLY AND DEMAND COMPARISON (DWR TABLE 7-2) 2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) 2050 (AF)
Supply totals 31,540 32,340 33,340 33,340 33,340
Use totals 19,753 20,061 20,453 20,905 21,403
Surplus/(shortfall) 11,787 12,279 12,887 12,435 11,937 TABLE 2-4. SINGLE DRY YEAR SUPPLY AND DEMAND COMPARISON (DWR TABLE 7-3) 2030
(AF)
2035
(AF)
2040
(AF)
2045
(AF)
2050
(AF)

Supply totals 22,053 23,161 24,553 25,005 25,503
Use totals 19,753 20,061 20,453 20,905 21,403
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,300 3,100 4,100 4,100 4,100
TABLE 2-5. MULTIPLE DRY YEARS SUPPLY AND DEMAND COMPARISON (DWR TABLE 7-4) 2030
(AF)
2035
(AF)
2040
(AF)
2045
(AF)
2050
(AF)
First year
Supply totals 22,053 23,161 24,553 25,005 25,503
Use totals 19,753 20,061 20,453 20,905 21,403
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,300 3,100 4,100 4,100 4,100
Second year
Supply totals 22,053 23,161 24,553 25,005 25,503
Use totals 19,753 20,061 20,453 20,905 21,403
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,300 3,100 4,100 4,100 4,100
Third year
Supply totals 22,053 23,161 24,553 25,005 25,503
Use totals 19,753 20,061 20,453 20,905 21,403
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,300 3,100 4,100 4,100 4,100
Fourth year
Supply totals 22,053 23,161 24,553 25,005 25,503
Use totals 19,753 20,061 20,453 20,905 21,403
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,300 3,100 4,100 4,100 4,100
Fifth year
Supply totals 22,053 23,161 24,553 25,005 25,503
Use totals 19,753 20,061 20,453 20,905 21,403
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,300 3,100 4,100 4,100 4,100

City of Santa Rosa 2-6 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
TABLE 2-6. FIVE-YEAR DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT TABLES TO ADDRESS WATER CODE SECTION 10635(B) (DWR TABLE 7-5)
2026 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 17,800
Total Supplies (AF) 17,801
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 1
2027 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 18,288
Total Supplies (AF) 18,289
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 1
2028 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 18,777
Total Supplies (AF) 18,777
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
2029 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 19,265
Total Supplies (AF) 19,266
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 1
2030 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 19,753
Total Supplies (AF) 19,754
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 1
All water consumed by the City comes from local supply sources. No water is imported from other regions, nor does the City anticipate importing water from other regions throughout the UWMP planning period.

It is important to note that Sonoma Water can store 245,000 AF of water in Lake Sonoma and can divert up to 75,000 AFY for water supply purposes under current water rights permits. This means that Lake Sonoma can store approximately three years of normal w ater supply, possibly more. In 2023, USACE approved a request from Sonoma Water for a minor deviation to the Lake Sonoma/Warm Springs Dam Water Control Manual. The deviation authorizes USACE to store up to an additional 9,500 ac -ft of water in Lake Sonoma at its discretion until February 15, increasing to 19,000 ac -ft on March 1. The minor deviation expires on September 30, 2026 . While purchased water supply volumes in Table 2-4 are assumed to exactly meet demands in single dry years when shortages might occur, it is anticipated that additional water would remain in storage in Lake Sonoma to meet future demands. In addition, the City’s groundwater wells would only be pumped as needed to meet water use, even though the groundwater supply could produce more water.

In addition, the City’s existing water management tools have increased the reliability of water supplies. By funding, staffing, and implementing water use efficiency programs for three decades, the City has helped

City of Santa Rosa 2-7 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
ensure water is used wisely by customers during all water supply conditions. Details about these efforts are discussed in more detail in Chapter 9 of the City’s 202 5 UWMP. These programs have helped the City decrease gallons per capita per day (GPCD) 50 percent over the past 35 years, decreasing from 177 GPCD in 1990 to 88 GPCD in 2025. Total water use went down 24 percent, decreasing from 22,494 AF in 1990 to 17,172 AF in 2025, despite an increase in population of 54 percent. Going forward, the City will continue to provide ongoing water use efficiency programs. The City will also respond to water shortage conditions that may require immediate action during mild to severe drought periods or catastrophic supply interruptions by implementing this Shortage Plan.

2.4 Emergency Response Planning
In addition to responding to drought conditions, the City’s Shortage Plan can be used to respond to sudden conditions that interrupt water supplies to the City. Water supplies may be interrupted in the future due to a catastrophic supply interruption, area -wide power failures or shutoffs, or natural disasters such as an earthquake.

In accordance with America’s Water Infrastructure Act (AWIA), the City completed a Risk and Resilience Assessment (RRA) of its water system in 2020 and updated it in 2025. The RRA systematically evaluated the City’s assets, threats, and risks, and countermeasures that might be implemented to minimize overall risk to the water system. The RRA screened assets for vulnerability, including critical water system components and facilities such as storage tanks, wells, water mains, chemical tanks, water valves, pu mp stations, portable pumps, emergency generators, fire hydrants, and System Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems.

To ensure the security of the City’s water system, the RRA is being retained by the City as a confidential document.

Sonoma Water’s facilities are also subject to catastrophic supply interruption, area -wide power failures or shutoffs, or a natural disaster such as an earthquake . Sonoma Water facilities serving the City have backup provisions for responding to such emergencies. Additional information about Sonoma Water’s emergency response and hazard mitigation plans can found in its 2025 UWMP.

In the event of an emergency such as those described below, the Water Department would respond according to the then -current City of Santa Rosa Water Department Water System Emergency Response Plan.

2.4.1 Catastrophic Supply Interruption
If Sonoma Water’s Russian River supply becomes contaminated (e.g., due to a chemical spill or other environmental incident), it may be possible that no water would be available from Sonoma Water for a period of time. In such a case, the City would rely on water from Sonoma Water’s distribution system storage facilities and/or the City’s distribution system storage facilities, the Farmers Lane wells, and/or emergency wells. If such an event were to occur, the City would also implement the corresponding stage of this Shortage Plan and immediately notify customers of the need to reduce water use until Sonoma Water’s water supply is restored.

2.4.2 Area-Wide Power Failure or Shutoff
In the event of an area-wide electrical power failure or localized public safety power shutoff within the City’s water service area, the City would activate stationary and/or mobile standby generators to ensure facilities

City of Santa Rosa 2-8 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
have adequate power to operate. In addition, the City has numerous pumper connectors and pressure regulating valves throughout the water system to move water from different pressure zones during an emergency. Since the devastating Tubbs Wildfire in October 2017, the City has made substantial investment in backup power at critical facilities, successfully responded to dozens of public safety power shutoffs by PG&E of varying geographic scale and duration, and the City has also responded to additional wildfire events which have threatened or impacted the water system. Despite the challenges these circumstances have posed, the City has maintained water deliveries and the safe operation of its water facilities throughout each event.

2.4.3 Seismic Risk and Mitigation
CWC Section 10632.5(a) requires that Water Shortage Contingency Plans include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan to assess water system vulnerabilities and mitigate those vulnerabilities. A Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) may be incorporated into Water Shortage Contingency Plans to address this requirement if it addresses seismic risk.

The City’s 2016 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (2016 LHMP) was adopted by the City Council on January 10, 2017 (Resolution No. RES -2017-004). The 2016 LHMP was submitted to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which found it in conformance with Title 44 Code of Federal Regulations Part 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans. The 2016 LHMP was updated in 2021 . The newest draft plan, now called the Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJLHMP 2026) is expected to go to Council in 2026.1 As discussed in the 2021 LHMP and draft 2026 MJLHMP, seismic activity is a known and historic threat to the City. The Rodgers Creek fault is an active fault running through the City and its Urban Growth Boundary.

In addition, Santa Rosa’s location in the San Francisco Bay Area makes the City vulnerable to regional seismic impacts.

Historically, very few earthquakes have caused damage in the City. The 1906 earthquake that notoriously impacted San Francisco also caused strong shaking impacts in Santa Rosa, stemming from a nearly 300-mile fault rupture along the San Andreas Fault. The shaking collapsed Santa Rosa City Hall and many other buildings across the City. In 1969, two earthquakes along the Healdsburg Fault (with epicenters two miles north of the City) caused some damage in Santa Rosa, including bursting City water pipelines along two creeks. In 1989, the Loma Prieto earthquake (one of the most significant earthquakes in recent history in the San Francisco Bay Area) caused ground shaking in Santa Rosa but did not damage the City’s water system.

The City’s proximity to active fault zones means the City will continue to face earthquake hazards in the future. The Rodgers Creek and San Andreas faults are among the most active Bay Area faults and have experienced movement within the last 150 years. Ac cording to the 2016 LHMP and MJLHMP 2026, some utility facilities (water, sewer, wastewater treatment, and recycled water systems) are at risk of damage from moderate to very high ground shaking events.

As mentioned earlier, the City completed a RRA of its water system in 2020. The RRA systematically evaluated the City’s assets, threats, and risks, and evaluated countermeasures that might be implemented to minimize overall risk to the system. The RRA scre ened assets for vulnerability, including critical water system components and facilities such as storage tanks, wells, water mains, chemical tanks, water valves,

1 www.srcity.org/540/Local-Hazard-Mitigation-Plan

City of Santa Rosa 2-9 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
pump stations, portable pumps, emergency generators, fire hydrants, and SCADA systems. The RRA determined that some water assets are at risk of damage due to earthquakes with very strong to severe shaking. The RRA also determined that critical water assets are not located in areas considered highly susceptible to liquefaction.

In response to the 2016 LHMP, 2026 MJLHMP and 2020 RRA, the City has been integrating the findings into its master planning processes and implementing seismic retrofit projects through its Capital Improvement Program to enhance the resiliency of the water system. Additionally, the City’s f acilities have been constructed in accordance with the applicable building codes to minimize potential damage during an earthquake. While some facilities may be damaged as the result of a strong earthquake, the City has planned for this potential by constructing redundancy into its water system. The City has multiple storage facilities, looped distribution pipelines, and a hose reel trailer with over 2,500 linear feet of potable hose in various sizes with fittings to allow potentially damaged portions of the City’s system to be quickly isolated and repaired as well as being able to construct manifolds for temporary emergency water stations. The City also participates in local, regional, and statewide emergency response assis tance networks and mutual aid agreements.

City of Santa Rosa 3-1 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

3. PROCEDURES FOR ANNUAL WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND

ASSESSMENT
Beginning July 1, 2022, CWC Section 10632.1 requires water suppliers to complete an Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment (AWSDA) and submit an Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report to DWR. The first annual assessment report was due July 1, 2022.

This Shortage Plan provides the procedures for the City to conduct its AWSDA and prepare an Annual Water Shortage Assessment report to discuss the findings and recommended response actions. The procedures provided below are intended to assist the City in planning for, and responding to, potential foreseeable shortages in water supplies. These procedures provide the steps the City needs to take to complete the AWSDA and Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report, the results of which may lead to declaring a water shortage emergency and water shortage stage and implementation of the water shortage response actions detailed in this Shortage Plan.

3.1 Decision Making Process
The decision-making process described below will be used by the City annually to determine its water supply reliability in a consistent manner. The City may adjust this process as needed for improved decision- making during implementation.

Each year beginning in 2022, a team of City Water Department staff is responsible for preparing the AWSDA and the Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report and submitting the report to DWR by July 1 of each year.

The City Team will gather key data inputs described in Section 3.2 and conduct the AWSDA in accordance with Section 3.3. The Team will complete the AWSDA and develop the Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report based on an analysis of data and information . The report will include findings and make recommendations for actions, as needed. The Team will present the AWSDA and Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report to the Deputy Director Water Resources , or designee, for review. The final approved documents are submitted to DWR by July 1 each year.

If the AWSDA finds that available water supply will be sufficient to meet expected demands for the current year and one subsequent dry year, no further action will be required.

Upon a determination by the AWSDA that supply will not meet projected demand, the Team will prepare a resolution or ordinance, as needed, for required City Council consideration and authorization at a public meeting, with optional review and recommendation prior to that by the Board of Public Utilities.

Additionally, the Team and the Director of Water, or designee, will coordinate internally across divisions and departments and externally with Sonoma Water and other local water suppliers for the possible proclamation of a local water emergency. In addition, state officials will be informed.

If a shortfall is projected, the AWSDA findings will be presented optionally to the Board of Public Utilities for recommendation and to City Council at a public meeting, along with the recommendations from the Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report . Recommended actions may include declaration of a water

City of Santa Rosa 3-2 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
shortage emergency, declaration of a water shortage stage, authorization of water shortage response actions, and/or other actions as needed.

After City Council acts, the City will implement the water shortage responses as authorized by City Council and will report as required to State and local officials and stakeholders.

The City will follow Table 3-1 for its decision making.

TABLE 3-1: PROPOSED SCHEDULE OF DECISION-MAKING ACTIVITIES (SUBJECT TO CHANGE) Start
Date End Date Activities Responsible Party
May 15 May 30 Based on determinations of AWSDA, prepare the Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report with recommendations
on water shortage condition determination and response
actions. Submit to Deputy Director, or designee, for review.

Team
Jun 1 Jun 15 Review AWSDA and Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report and provide comments as needed.

Deputy Director
Water Resources
Jun 1 Ongoing
as
needed
Coordinate interdepartmentally, with the region’s water service provider, and with County for the possible
proclamation of a local emergency.

Team
Jun 15 June 30 Finalize and approve AWSDA and Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report.

Team
Jul 1 Jul 1 Submit approved Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report to the State.

Team
As
needed
As
needed
If a shortage is projected, prepare City Council resolution or ordinance (as needed) approving determinations and
actions.
• Schedule public meeting and meet requirements
for public notification.
• Present AWSDA findings and Annual Water
Shortage Report recommendations (optional:

Board of Public Utilities for recommendation) at
City Council public meeting, along with resolution
or ordinance (as needed) approving determinations
and response actions.
• Council to conduct public meeting, consider the
findings and recommendations, and act on
resolution (and/or ordinance as needed) to declare
a water emergency and water shortage stage, and
authorize water shortage response actions for
implementation.
• Implement the Shortage Plan response actions as
authorized by City Council.
• Report as required to State officials.

Team,
Director of Water,
Board of Public
Utilities, City
Council, Outreach
Team, and Water
Use Efficiency
Section

City of Santa Rosa 3-3 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

3.2 Key Data Inputs
The AWSDA requires the evaluation of supply and demands for the current year and one dry year that is assumed to follow the current year. The following key data inputs will be used to evaluate the City's water supply reliability.

Planned water supplies will be used as input to the AWSDA for the current year and the following one dry year. In planning for water supplies, the following factors are considered:

1. Hydrological conditions

2. Regulatory conditions

3. Contractual constraints

4. Surface water and groundwater quality conditions

5. Infrastructure capacity constraints or changes

6. Capital improvement projects implementation

7. Supply availability and/or production issues
Planned water supply sources and quantities will be described and will be reasonably consistent with the supply projections in the City’s adopted UWMP Chapter 6 (Water Supply Characterization ) and based on updated modeling by Sonoma Water each year for contract water. Should the supply sources and projections deviate significantly from projections, an explanation for the difference will be provided.

Planned unconstrained water demands will be used as inputs to the AWSDA for the current year and the following one dry year. Unconstrained water demands are customer demands where no water conservation measures are in effect. In planning for water demands, the following factors are considered:

1. Weather conditions

2. Water year type

3. Population changes

4. Anticipated new demands

5. Pending policy changes that may impact demands

6. Infrastructure operations
Planned water demands types and quantities will be described and be reasonably consistent with the demand projections in the City’s adopted UWMP Chapter 4 (Water Use Characterization). Should the demand projections deviate significantly from projections, an explanation for the difference will be provided.

3.3 Assessment Methodology
In preparing the AWSDA, the City will use the following methodology and evaluation criteria to assess the agency's water supply reliability for the current year and following one dry year.

City of Santa Rosa 3-4 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
The City will use a spreadsheet to plan for current year and future year demands. Planned supply for each water source and estimated demand inputs described in Section 3.2 will be utilized for the forecast.

Projected supplies will be compared to demands to determine the reliability of the City’s water supply in the current year and one subsequent dry year. The City’s water supply will be determined to be reliable if water supply is sufficient to meet the plan ned water demands for the current and subsequent year. If unconstrained demands exceed water supply in the current year and/or one subsequent dry year, the water supply will be determined to have an existing or anticipated water shortage condition.

3.3.1 Water Supply Forecast for the Annual Assessment
Planned water supply sources and quantities will be described and will be reasonably consistent with the supply projections in the City’s adopted UWMP Chapter 6 (Water Supply Characterization) for each water supply source and based on updated modeling by Sonoma Water each year for contract water. Should the supply sources and projections deviate significantly from projections, an explanation for the difference w ill be provided. The City may adjust its water supply projections as needed to account for hydrol ogical conditions, regulatory conditions, contractual constraints, water quality conditions, infrastructure capacity constraints or changes, capital improvement project implementation, or other issues.

3.3.2 Unconstrained Customer Demand for the Annual Assessment Estimated unconstrained water demands will be reasonably consistent with the projections in the City’s adopted UWMP Chapter 4 (Water Demand Characterization). Should the demand estimates deviate significantly from projections, an explanation for the difference will be provided. The City may adjust its customer demand forecast as needed to account for factors such as weather, population changes, anticipated new demands, prior year conditions, infrastructure operations, and other factors pertinent to land use and customer patterns.

3.3.3 Planned Water Use Current Year Considering Dry Subsequent Year for Annual Assessment
The City will evaluate how anticipated water supplies for the coming year will be used, while assuming the subsequent year will be a dry year. This assessment will be informed by the factors that affect the availability and management of all water supplies under varying hydrologic and regulatory cond itions, unique water rights or contract provisions, and infrastructure risks.

3.3.4 Infrastructure Considerations for Annual Assessment The City will evaluate how infrastructure capabilities and constraints may affect the City’s ability to deliver supplies to meet expected water use needs in the coming year. This will include consideration of anticipated capital projects that may influence capabilities, such as repairs that may constrain capabilities or new projects that may add capacity.

3.3.5 Other Factors for Annual Assessment
The City will describe any locally appropriate factors that can influence or disrupt supplies, along with other unique local considerations that are considered as part of the AWSDA.

City of Santa Rosa 3-5 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

3.4 Adoption of the Annual Assessment Each Year
Each year beginning in 2022, the City has and will continue to conduct the AWSDA and develop the Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report, as outlined above, to determine whether a water shortage exists or is anticipated in the current and/or one subsequent dry year.

The AWSDA and Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report will be presented to the Director of Water, or designee, for review and approval. The approved report will then be submitted to DWR by July 1 each year.

If the AWSDA finds that available water supply will be adequate to meet expected demands for the current year and one subsequent dry year, no further action will be required.

If the AWSDA finds that available supply will not meet expected demands, the City may present the findings and recommendations to the Board of Public Utilities for recommendation . The City will present these findings to the City Council at a public meeting, along with a resolution or ordinance (as needed) approving the findings and response actions. After City Council acts, the City will implement the authorized water shortage response actions.

City of Santa Rosa 4-1 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

4. WATER SHORTAGE STAGES
Recent updates to CWC section 10632 (a)(3) indicate that Shortage Plans must include standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive ranges of up to 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 percent shortages and greater than 50 percent shortage. The CWC allows water suppliers to use their own water shortage levels provided they include a narrative or graphic describing the relationship of their water shortage levels to the standard water shortage levels prescribed by the CWC.

To allow for a more refined response to water shortages, the City’s Shortage Plan includes eight shortage levels rather than the State’s standard six levels. Section 5 describes the shortage response actions to be implemented during each water shortage level to address the water supply gap.

In normal water supply circumstances, the City meets its anticipated customer water demand with 100 percent available supply. If the City determines that its normally available supply is reduced by up to 10 percent, it will implement Stage 1 of this Shortage Plan, which includes locally appropriate response actions to address the water supply gap. The same shortage considerations apply to the remaining water shortage levels, including Stage 2 (11-15 percent shortage), Stage 3 (16-20 percent shortage), Stage 4 (21- 25 percent shortage), Stage 5 (26 -30 percent shortage), Stage 6 (31 -40 percent shortage), Stage 7 (41 - 50 percent shortage) and Stage 8 (over 50 percent shortage).

Table 4-1 summarizes the City’s eight water shortage levels.

TABLE 4-1: CITY’S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN LEVELS Shortage
Level
Percent Shortage Range
Numerical value as
a percent
Water Shortage Condition
(Narrative description)
1 Up to 10% Voluntary 10% reduction in use community-wide 2 Up to 15% Mandatory 15% reduction in use community-wide 3 Up to 20% Mandatory 20% reduction in use community-wide 4 Up to 25% Mandatory 25% reduction in use community-wide 5 Up to 30% Mandatory 30% reduction in use community-wide, with water allocations assigned to each customer
6 Up to 40% Mandatory 40% reduction in use community-wide, with water allocations assigned to each customer
7 Up to 50% Mandatory 50% reduction in use community-wide, with water allocations assigned to each customer
8 Over 50% Mandatory more than 50% reduction in use community- wide, with water allocations assigned to each customer
The State requires water providers to indicate how their water shortage levels compare to the State’s standard six stages for shortages. The City wishes to have more flexibility in less severe shortages. Table 4- 2 illustrates how the City’s eight water shortage stages align with the State’s six standard stages.

City of Santa Rosa 4-2 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
TABLE 4-2: CITY’S SHORTAGE LEVELS COMPARISON TO DWR STANDARDS (DWR TABLE 8-1) State Standard
Shortage Levels
Percent Shortage
Range
Santa Rosa’s Shortage
Levels
Percent Shortage
Range (City Shortage
Stage)
1 Up to 10% 1(a) Up to 10%
2 Up to 20% 2 & 3 Up to 15% (2)
Up to 20% (3)
3 Up to 30% 4 & 5 Up to 25% (4)
Up to 30% (5)
4 Up to 40% 6 Up to 40%
5 Up to 50% 7 Up to 50%
6 >50% 8 >50%
NOTES: (a) Stage 1 is voluntary.

City of Santa Rosa 5-1 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

5. SHORTAGE RESPONSE ACTIONS
This Shortage Plan provides for a broad range of shortage response actions for reducing water use and managing demands as needed during water shortages (see Section 5.2). It also includes one supply augmentation shortage response action (see Section 5.1). Specific actions differ depending on the severity of the shortage level and the anticipated water use reduction impact of each action.

5.1 Supply Augmentation
The City may find that, under certain conditions, its contract water supply is reduced catastrophically and suddenly. In this situation, the City may activate its production wells (if not already in use ). Under normal water conditions, the City’s production wells provide water supply during dry, peak demand irrigation months (typically April through October). If these production wells were to be activated during non- irrigation months, this could be an augmentation of water supply of up to 2,300 AFY as shown in Table 5- 1 and Table 5-2. The City may also activate its standby wells, if available, to augment emergency water supply.

TABLE 5-1: CITY WELL PUMP CAPACITY
Well Name/Number Well Status Capacity (AFY)
A Place to Play (W7) In construction. Will be used for emergency potable purposes.

To Be
Determined
(TBD)
Leete (W1) Offline for rehabilitation; used for emergency potable purposes only.

TBD
Carley (W21) Offline for rehabilitation; used for emergency potable purposes and some landscape irrigation. May be re-
permitted as a production well.

TBD
Peter Springs (W22) Offline for rehabilitation; used for emergency potable purposes, landscape irrigation and filling of a nearby lake.

TBD
Farmers Lane (W4-1) Active Status(a) 2,300
(combined with
W4-2)
Farmers Lane (W4-2) Active Status(a) 2,300
(combined with
W4-1)
NOTES: (a) Change in status approved by California Department of Public Health (now Division of Drinking Water (DDW)) on July 20, 2005.

City of Santa Rosa 5-2 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
TABLE 5-2: SUPPLY AUGMENTATION SHORTAGE RESPONSE ACTIONS (DWR TABLE 8 -2 RETAIL) No Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? Shortage
Level
Supply
Augmentation
Methods and Other
Actions by Water
Supplier
How much is this going to reduce
the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or
Reference
(OPTIONAL) Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
(May be a
range) (AF)
Any Other Actions
(describe) Volume 2,300
In non-irrigation months,
production wells can be activated
as emergency augmented water
supply in the case of
catastrophic/sudden water
supply reduction.

5.2 Demand Reduction Actions
Demand reduction strategies will be employed at all stages of a water shortage emergency. These methods include:
• Public information campaign
• Programs to help customers reduce water use
• Water use restrictions and prohibitions
• Water Waste Patrols
• Locally appropriate operational changes
• Water shortage rates
• Water allocations
• Excess use penalties
The shortage response actions for each water shortage level are described below, with a corresponding estimate of the extent the action will address the gap between supplies and demands in Section 5.3.

5.2.1 Public Information Campaign
During water shortages of any level, the City will implement an information campaign to inform customers, officials, water suppliers, and interested parties about the water shortage, the water use reduction target, actions customers can take to help achiev e the water use reduction target, assistance the City can provide its customers, and water use prohibitions and restrictions. The City may also choose to develop an outreach campaign specifically for any number of CII accounts that meets either of the following designation: 1) water use was reported in the top 20% within the Annual Water Use Report submitted to the State Board and/or 2) has nonfunctional turf present that is subject to AB 1572. A comprehensive communication plan is detailed in Section 6 of this Shortage Plan.

City of Santa Rosa 5-3 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
During each drought experienced by the City to date, public outreach and education efforts have proven to be extremely effective in achieving water reduction targets to ensure demand does not exceed supply.

The City’s public information campaigns during past water shortages have been designed to help customers understand and implement measures to reduce water use by eliminating water waste, reducing nonessential uses, conserving water, and participating in the City’s Water Use Efficiency Programs. During shortages, the community has quickly reduced water use in response to the public information campaign.

5.2.2 Programs to Help Customers Reduce Water Use
Water conservation and demand management are an integral part of the City’s water supply strategy. The City has been implementing water conservation programs since the 1976-1977 drought. In the early 1990s, the City expanded these efforts by hiring a full-time Water Conservation Coordinator. By 1998, the City had established its first rebate and incentive programs and had hired three full time staff dedicated to water conservation program implementation. Additionally, in 1998 the City became a signatory to the California Urban Water Conservation Council (CUWCC) Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation (MOU) dated September 1997. The City continued to expand its demand management and conservation programs to address the requirements of the Best Management Practices (BMPs) identified by the CUWCC. As a result of these efforts, the City was recognized by the Public Officials for Water and Environmental Reform (P.O.W.E.R) 2007 Water Conservation Scorecard as one of only two water retailers in the State of California to successfully complete all 14 of the CUWCC’s B MPs outlined in the 1998 CUWCC MOU, without an exemption. Following the CUWCC’s restructuring in 2018 to become the California Water Efficiency Partnership (CalWEP), a state chapter of the national organization the Alliance for Water Efficiency (AWE), BMPs are no longer required. However, the City still implements a suite of Demand Management Measures (DMMs) and conservation programs and intends to expand these per new state conservat ion regulations which became effective in January 2025.

Since the early 1990s, the City has spent approximately $30 million on its water conservation programs, including replacement of approximately 58,000 toilets with ultra low flow and high efficiency toilets and conversion of over 4.3 million square feet of high water use turf grass to low water use landscaping. The City’s cumulative water conservation implementation and passive savings has resulted in a 50 percent reduction in per capita use (compared to 1990).

Currently, the City implements the following DMMs and BMPs under all water supply conditions to help the City and its customers use water wisely in all sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and large landscape irrigation):
• Full-time water conservation program coordination and staffing • Distribution system water loss auditing and water loss controls • Enforcement of a Water Waste Ordinance
• Implementation of the Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance • Metering (Advanced Metering Infrastructure [AMI]) and monthly billing of all water customers • Conservation pricing and rate structure
• Public education and outreach
• WaterSmart Customer Portal
• Free fixtures (such as high efficiency faucet aerators and showerheads)

City of Santa Rosa 5-4 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
• Technical assistance and site evaluations
• Incentives and rebates
During water shortages of any level, the City can decide to increase the monetary amount of various customer incentives and rebates to drive additional program participation. Additional details regarding the City’s conservation efforts can be found in the City’s 2025 UWMP in Chapter 9 Demand Management Measures.

5.2.3 Water Use Prohibitions and Restrictions
In addition to any state -mandated prohibitions and the City’s Water Waste Ordinance, the City has established prohibitions for each water shortage stage. Compliance and enforcement procedures are discussed in Section 6 of this Shortage Plan.

5.2.3.1 Water Waste Ordinance
The City adopted a Water Waste Ordinance in 1999, which is in effect at all times during normal and shortage conditions. The Ordinance includes provisions for the following:
• Prohibits waste of water due to breaks or leaks in the water delivery system or water use in outdoor areas resulting in runoff.
• Requires all new water services using evaporative cooling systems, decorative water fountains, conveyer car washes, and industrial clothes washers to be equipped with water recycling or reuse systems.
• Provides the City the authority to discontinue service and/or place a fee on the water bill if the water waste is not corrected.

The City typically receives reports of potential water waste violations from a range of sources, such as the general public, the City’s Water Waste Patrols (discussed in Section 5.2.4), other City staff, automated Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) alerts of continuous use, automated billing system alerts of unusually high use during a billing cycle, and/or automated or manual review of customer use data and water allocations. Section 7 provides a detailed discussion of compliance and enforcement procedures for water waste and other violations of the Shortage Plan provisions which occur during water shortages.

5.2.3.2 Restrictions on Water Features
In compliance with the CWC Section 10632(b), the City provides separate restrictions on water use for swimming pools and spas from those on other water features, such as decorative water features and ornamental fountains. These water use restrictions are called out separately in this Shortage Plan.

5.2.3.3 Prohibitions and Restrictions by Shortage Stage See Appendix A for a full list of each prohibition and restriction by shortage stage.

City of Santa Rosa 5-5 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

5.2.4 Water Waste Patrols
During a water shortage of any level, the City may implement proactive water waste patrols to identify and inform customers about violations of the Water Waste Ordinance (e.g., water running off a site due to over- irrigation or broken irrigation equipment) and/or violations of other irrigation restrictions (prohibition against all irrigation in Stage 8, for example). Water Waste Patrol efforts may include physical patrols in vehicles as well as “patrols” using AMI d ata to monitor for compliance. The frequen cy and scope of Water Waste Patrols will increase or decrease as needed, depending on the time of year, weather conditions, and shortage level restrictions in place. When a violation has been observed by the Water Waste Patrol, the customer will be notified and offered technical assistance, recommendations, and information on incentive and rebate programs to help the customer correct the violation. Section 7 provides a detailed discussion of compliance and enforcement procedures.

5.2.5 Locally Appropriate Operational Changes
During a water shortage of any level, the City may elect to implement operational measures to support implementation of the Shortage Plan. This may include hiring temporary workers, reassigning staff, and/or increasing overtime to provide staffing for a ra nge of efforts, such as conducting Water Waste Patrols, implementing the communication protocols, responding to customer service requests, scheduling and conducting site assessments and consultations, processing incentive and rebate applications, and conducting compliance and enforcement efforts. The City may also elect to limit water main flushing and restrict potable water use for fire department drills. Operational changes will be considered at each level of water shortage to determine whether and when to implement such measures.

5.2.6 Water Shortage Charge
During water shortage Stages 2 through 8, the Water Shortage Charge (WSC) can be implemented to encourage customers to reduce water use commensurate with the water shortage target and to help the City recover a portion of the cost of the revenue from the shortfall from the entire community. If a customer reduces water use consistent with the water shortage target, their water bill will not significantly change (relative to standard rates with normal usage) even after the water usage rates are increased by t he WSC.

See Section 9 for a discussion of the financial analysis used to set the WSC for each Stage.

Under normal water supply conditions and in shortage Stage 1, the current water rate structure remains in place. Beginning in Stage 2, a WSC of 5 percent can be added to the customer usage rates on every unit of water sold for all customer services. The WSC will increase to 7.5 percent in Stage 3, 10 percent in Stage 4, 15 percent in Stage 5, 25 percent in Stage 6, 35 percent in Stage 7, and finally 45 percent in Stage 8. In addition, beginning in Stage 5 and continuing through Stage 8, the tiered water usa ge rate structure for Single Family, Duplex, and Dedicated Irrigation services is replaced by the then-current uniform water usage rate applicable to Multi-Family and Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional (CII) services.

Table 5-3 summarizes the incremental changes in water rates as a function of water shortage stages. More detail is provided in Section 9.

City of Santa Rosa 5-6 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
TABLE 5-3: INCREMENTAL CHANGES IN WATER RATES
Stage Water Shortage Condition Water Shortage Charge
1 Up to 10 percent No Water Shortage Charge
2 Up to 15 percent 5 percent of customer use rate
3 Up to 20 percent 7.5 percent of customer use rate
4 Up to 25 percent 10 percent of customer use rate
5 Up to 30 percent 15 percent of customer use rate
6 Up to 40 percent 25 percent of customer use rate
7 Up to 50 percent 35 percent of customer use rate
8 Over 50 percent 45 percent of customer use rate

5.2.7 Water Allocations
Under normal conditions and under shortage conditions in Stages 1 through 4, water services are not subject to water rationing (water allocations). In shortage Stages 5 through 8, water allocations will be assigned to each water service as follows:

Stage 5: 30 percent overall water use reduction, with mandatory allocations assigned to each water service as follows:
• Single Family services receive 40 GPCD (gallons per permanent resident at the house) plus a landscape allocation of 2,000 gallons per billing cycle for use from May through October (the irrigation season).
• Multi-Family services receive 40 GPCD plus a landscape allocation of 2,000 gallons (if irrigation usage is not on a separate dedicated service) per billing cycle for use from May through October.
• Commercial/Industrial/Institutional services receive 85 percent of the previous 12 months’ usage or of the most recent 12-month period with no water shortage restrictions in place. • Dedicated Irrigation Meter services, including recycled water accounts, receive a water budget based on 40 percent of historical net evapotranspiration1 based demand for the square footage of the irrigated area.
• Health care and public safety services re ceive 95 percent of the most recent 12 month period with no water shortage restrictions in place (prior to declaration of Stage 1).

Stage 6: 40 percent overall water use reduction, with mandatory allocations assigned to each water service as follows:
• Single Family services receive 36 GPCD plus a landscape allocation of 1,000 gallons per billing cycle for use from May through October.

1 Historical net ET is based on the average of ten years of ET data from two weather stations in Santa Rosa.

City of Santa Rosa 5-7 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
• Multi-Family services receive 36 GPCD plus a landscape allocation of 1,000 gallons (if irrigation usage is not on a separate dedicated service) per billing cycle for use from May through October.
• Commercial/Industrial/Institutional services receive 80 percent of the previous 12 months’ usage or of the most recent 12-month period with no water shortage restrictions in place. • Dedicated Irrigation Meter services receive a water budget based on 20 percent of historical net evapotranspiration based demand for the square footage of the irrigated area. • Health care and public safety services receive 90 percent of the most recent 12 -month period with no water shortage restrictions in place.

Stage 7: 50 percent overall water use reduction, with mandatory allocations assigned to each water service as follows:
• Single family and Multi-Family services receive 32 GPCD. • Commercial/Industrial/Institutional services receive 75 percent of the previous 12 months’ usage or of the most recent 12-month period with no water shortage restrictions in place. • Dedicated Irrigation Meter services receive a water budget based on 10 percent of historical net evapotranspiration -based demand for the square footage of the irrigated area, which is encouraged to be utilized to support mature trees and shrubs. • Health care and public safety services receive 85 percent of the most recent 12 -month period with no water shortage restrictions in place.

Stage 8: Over 50 percent overall water use reduction, with mandatory allocations assigned to each service. • Allocations shown below are for up to 60 percent mandatory reduction. However, allocations may be adjusted as needed to respond to the severity of the water shortage. • Single Family and Multi-Family services receive 28 GPCD. • Commercial/Industrial/Institutional services receive 70 percent of the previous 12 months’ usage or of the most recent 12-month period with no water shortage restrictions in place. • Dedicated Irrigation Meter services receive no allocation. • Health care and public safety services receive 80 percent of the most recent 12-month period with no water shortage restrictions in place.

If a customer has an extraordinary circumstance, such as a medical condition where additional water is needed, the City reserves the right to grant an exemption to the allocations described above. See Section 7.2 and 7.3 which describes the appeal and exemptions process, respectively.

5.2.8 Excess Use Penalties
During any water shortage emergency stage that requires water allocations (water rationing) (Stages 5 to 8), water use in excess of individual account water allocations is prohibited. The City will enforce allocations with Excess Use Penalties (EUP) for water usage that exceeds the water allocation established for each water service. Section 7 discusses compliance and enforcement procedures.

City of Santa Rosa 5-8 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
The structure of the EUP supports a 1,999 gallon “buffer” for each customer prior to the assessment of the penalty; the penalty begins after the use is 2,000 or more gallons over the assigned allocation for that stage.

The structure of the EUP is summarized in Table 5-4.

TABLE 5-4: EXCESS USE PENALTY (EUP) STRUCTURE FOR STAGES 5 - 8 Excess Use Over Allocation in thousand gallon
units (TGALs)
Penalty per TGAL
Stage 5 Stage 6 Stage 7 Stage 8
2 to 10 $ 5.00 $10.00 $20.00 $40.00
Over 10 $10.00 $20.00 $40.00 $80.00
Example One:

In Stage 5, in the month of December, single family customer one has an allocation of 5,000 gallons based on the number of people in the household. They use 6,000 gallons of water this month. No penalty is assessed as the customer is within the “buffer” of the penalty.

Example Two:

In Stage 5, in the month of December, single family customer two has an allocation of 6,000 gallons based on the number of people in the household. They use 10,000 gallons in December. They will be assessed a penalty of 10,000 - 6,000 = 4,000 extra gallons used – 1,999 gallons “buffer” = 2,001 gallons over allocation. 2,000 gallons x $5 per thousand gallons = $10 on the next bill.

The EUP is entirely avoidable by all customers. Therefore, no EUP revenues are planned for or relied upon.

EUP revenues are not intended to be used as general operating revenues during the emergency but may be used to: offset the extraordinary costs of the water shortage emergency such as additional conservation support; rebuild the Catastrophic Reserve; and/or establish a rate stabilization fund for the post-emergency recovery. Section 8 includes additional discussion about the EUP.

To help alleviate the financial burden of an EUP to the customer, the City may allow for a one -time EUP dismissal upon proof of completion of an educational workshop that addresses water use efficiency BMPs and hosted by the City. Such models referred to as “Water School” have been successful at empowering customers with the tools and resources needed to curb their use.

5.3 Shortage Response Action Effectiveness
Table 5-5 summarizes the City’s water shortage response actions with their estimated water reductions for each stage using the DWR-provided categories. For each action identified, the City has estimated the extent to which that action will reduce the gap between supplies and demands city -wide. The City has estimated the effective ness of the shortage response actions based on water use reductions that have occurred historically and on expected reductions associated with implementing the WSC, Water Allocations, and EUP in more severe shortages of 30 percent or more (such shortages have not been experienced to date in Santa Rosa). Appendix A provides an expanded table showing all response actions by shortage stage using the City’s preferred naming convention for shortage response action.

City of Santa Rosa 5-9 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
TABLE 5-5: DEMAND REDUCTION ACTIONS (DWR TABLE 8-2)
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction Actions

How much is
this going to
reduce the
shortage gap?
Additional
Explanation or
Reference
(optional)
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
1 Target:
voluntary
up to 10%
reduction
Expand Public Information
Campaign 15-20%
Based on
community
response to calls
for reductions over
the past 30 years
No
1 Offer Water Use Surveys Less than 0.5%
Always offered.

Expect increase in
participation.

Water savings
based on 2014-
2016 drought
No
1 Provide Rebates on Plumbing
Fixtures and Devices Less than 0.5%
Always offered.

Expect increase in
participation.

Water savings
based on 2014-
2016 drought
No
1 Provide Rebates for Landscape
Irrigation Efficiency Less than 0.5%
Always offered.

Expect increase in
participation.

Water savings
based on 2014-
2016 drought
No
1 Provide Rebates for Turf
Replacement Less than 0.5%
Always offered.

Expect increase in
participation.

Water savings
based on 2014-
2016 drought
No
1 Decrease Line Flushing Less than 0.5%
Average total
annual flushing is
approximately

0.5% of total
water.

No
1 Increase Water Waste Patrols Less than 0.5%
Includes all water
waste enforcement
efforts.

Yes
1 Landscape - Restrict or prohibit
runoff from landscape irrigation Less than 0.5%
Always prohibited
(Water Waste
Ord).

Yes

City of Santa Rosa 5-10 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction Actions

How much is
this going to
reduce the
shortage gap?
Additional
Explanation or
Reference
(optional)
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
1 Other - Customers must repair
leaks, breaks, and malfunctions
in a timely manner
Less than 0.5%
Always prohibited
(Water Waste
Ord).

Yes
1 Other - Require automatic shut
off nozzles on hoses Less than 0.5%
Required for
garden and utility
hoses
Yes
1 Other - Prohibit use of potable
water for washing hard surfaces,
unless required for public health
and safety purposes.

Less than 0.5% Prohibit hosing off
hard surfaces. Yes
2 Target:
up to 15%
reduction
Expand Public Information
Campaign 15-20%
Based on
community
response to calls
for reductions over
the past 30 years
No
2 Other 1-3%
Combined savings
for actions
continued from
previous stage
Yes
2 Implement or Modify Drought
Rate Structure or Surcharge 1-5%
Water Shortage
Charge (5% of
customer usage
rates)
Yes
2 CII - Restaurants may only serve
water upon request Less than 0.5% Yes
2 CII - Lodging establishment must
offer opt out of linen service1 Less than 0.5% Yes
3 Target:
up to 20%
reduction
Expand Public Information
Campaign 15-20%
Based on
community
response to calls
for reductions over
the past 30 years
No
3 Other 1-3%
Combined savings
for actions
continued from
previous stages
Yes
3 Implement or Modify Drought
Rate Structure or Surcharge 5-7%
Water Shortage
Charge (7.5% of
customer usage
rates)
Yes

City of Santa Rosa 5-11 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction Actions

How much is
this going to
reduce the
shortage gap?
Additional
Explanation or
Reference
(optional)
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
3 Other - Prohibit use of potable
water for washing hard surfaces,
unless required for public health
and safety purposes.
0-5%
Prohibit use of
potable water for
pressure washing.

Yes
3 Landscape - Limit landscape
irrigation to specific times 0-15%
Irrigation limited
to 8 PM to 6 AM.

Savings varies
based on time of
year/season
Yes
4 Target:
up to 25%
reduction
Expand Public Information
Campaign 15-20%
Based on
community
response to calls
for reductions over
the past 30 years
No
4 Other 3-5%
Combined savings
for actions
continued from
previous stages
Yes
4 Implement or Modify Drought
Rate Structure or Surcharge 7-10%
Water Shortage
Charge (10% of
customer usage
rates)
Yes
4 Water Features - Restrict water
use for decorative water features,
such as fountains
Less than 0.5%
Prohibit operation
of ornamental
fountains and
water features
Yes
5 Target:
up to 30%
reduction
Expand Public Information
Campaign 15-20%
Based on
community
response to calls
for reductions over
the past 30 years
No
5 Other 3-5%
Combined savings
for actions
continued from
previous stages
Yes
5 Implement or Modify Drought
Rate Structure or Surcharge 10-15%
Water Shortage
Charge (15% of
customer usage
rates)
Yes
5 Implement or Modify Drought
Rate Structure or Surcharge 5-10% Water Allocations
in effect and Yes

City of Santa Rosa 5-12 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction Actions

How much is
this going to
reduce the
shortage gap?
Additional
Explanation or
Reference
(optional)
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
enforced by Excess
Use Penalty
5 Other water feature or swimming
pool restriction Less than 0.5% Prohibit filling of
new pools/spas Yes
5 Other - Prohibit use of potable
water for construction and dust
control
Less than 0.5%
Require use of
recycled water if
available and
filling station
within one-mile
radius
Yes
5 Moratorium or Net Zero Demand
Increase on New Connections 0-1%
New construction
must offset
demand by 1:1
ratio
Yes
6 Target:
up to 40%
reduction
Expand Public Information
Campaign 15-20%
Based on
community
response to calls
for reductions over
the past 30 years
No
6 Other 3-5%
Combined savings
for actions
continued from
previous stages
Yes
6 Implement or Modify Drought
Rate Structure or Surcharge 15-20%
Water Shortage
Charge (25% of
customer usage
rates)
Yes
6 Implement or Modify Drought
Rate Structure or Surcharge 10-15%
Water Allocations
in effect and
enforced by Excess
Use Penalty
Yes
6 Other water feature or swimming
pool restriction Less than 0.5%
Prohibit filling or
topping off
existing
pools/spas
Yes
6 Landscape - Prohibit certain
types of landscape irrigation Less than 0.5%
Prohibit
installation of
water-using
landscape at new
construction
Yes

City of Santa Rosa 5-13 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction Actions

How much is
this going to
reduce the
shortage gap?
Additional
Explanation or
Reference
(optional)
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
7 Target:
up to 50%
reduction
Expand Public Information
Campaign 15-20%
Based on
community
response to calls
for reductions over
the past 30 years
No
7 Other 3-5%
Combined savings
for actions
continued from
previous stages
Yes
7 Implement or Modify Drought
Rate Structure or Surcharge 15-20%
Water Shortage
Charge (35% of
customer usage
rates)
Yes
7 Implement or Modify Drought
Rate Structure or Surcharge 20-25%
Water Allocations
in effect and
enforced by Excess
Use Penalty
Yes
7 Landscape - Prohibit certain
types of landscape irrigation Less than 0.5%
Prohibit
installation or
replanting of any
water-using
landscape
Yes
8 Target:
over 50%
reduction
Expand Public Information
Campaign 15-20%
Based on
community
response to calls
for reductions over
the past 30 years
No
8 Other 3-5%
Combined savings
for actions
continued from
previous stages
Yes
8 Implement or Modify Drought
Rate Structure or Surcharge 15-20%
Water Shortage
Charge (45% of
customer usage
rates)
Yes
8 Implement or Modify Drought
Rate Structure or Surcharge 20-25%
Water Allocations
in effect and
enforced by Excess
Use Penalty
Yes

City of Santa Rosa 5-14 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction Actions

How much is
this going to
reduce the
shortage gap?
Additional
Explanation or
Reference
(optional)
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
8 Landscape - Prohibit all
landscape irrigation 0-20%
Savings varies
based on time of
year/season
Yes
NOTES: (1) Stage 2 “CII - Lodging establishment must offer opt out of linen service” includes short-term rentals.

City of Santa Rosa 6-1 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

6. COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
When a water shortage level is triggered by the AWSDA (or for any reason), the City’s Water Department will convene a Water Shortage Communication Team to work with the City’s Public Information Office to gain assistance. The City will also coordinate with other local water suppliers and the Sonoma Marin Saving Water Partnership to ensure messaging and outreach efforts remain consistent with and leverage the scope and extent of regional outreach efforts.

The Water Shortage Communication Team will keep stakeholders up to date on critical issues, such as:
• Current or anticipated water shortage level
• Corresponding water use reduction target
• Prohibitions and restrictions on water use
• Shortage response actions water users can take to eliminate water waste, minimize non - essential uses, conserve water, and improve water use efficiency • Available assistance from the City’s Water Use Efficiency program such as rebates, technical assistance, site evaluations, do-it-yourself kits, workshops, free fixtures, and other resources • Water Shortage Charge (Stages 2-8)
• Water shortage allocations (Stages 5-8)
• Excess Use Penalties (Stages 5-8)
Printed and online messaging materials will be available in English and Spanish. Communication channels to reach these stakeholders will leverage a range of avenues, such as:
• Bill inserts and envelope messaging
• Letters and other direct mail (such as postcards) to customers • Direct outreach efforts to reach target markets, such as high use customers, residential customers, and other stakeholders (e.g., property managers and landscape professionals) • Social media posts
• Media releases
• Updated website content
• Santa Rosa’s City Connections e-newsletter
• Ad buys: Radio, Print, Digital, and Social Media
• Presentations to City and regional policy makers and governing bodies • Presentations to civic groups, nonprofits, businesses, large employers, schools • Information booths at local events, fairs, festivals, etc. • Partnering with community groups such as Community Action Partnership, business districts, Latino Service Providers, and other key stakeholders
• Meetings with officials and regulators and reports documenting regulatory compliance

City of Santa Rosa 6-2 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
If a water shortage occurs due to a catastrophic event (for example, earthquake, wildfire, or infrastructure failure), the City’s then-current emergency response communication protocols will be implemented.

Appendix B provides a table listing the shortage response actions for Stages 1 through 8 and the associated communication protocols for each shortage level.

City of Santa Rosa 7-1 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

7. COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT
This section describes how the City will ensure compliance with, and enforcement of, provisions of this Shortage Plan. The City’s procedures include protocols for treatment of violations and actions associated with more egregious levels of violation. The procedures include appeal and exemption processes.

The City employs multiple methodologies to enforce prohibitions and restrictions on end uses identified in Table 5-5 (DWR Table 8-2) of this Shortage Plan, including exceedances of water allocations in shortage Stages 5 through 8. Primarily, the City relies on outreach and education to ensure customers are aware of water shortage conditions and the corresponding prohibitions and restric tions that exist for the declared water shortage stage.

The City’s enforcement approach is progressive to the extent feasible, starting with customer service, education, and communication programs. Customers will be notified of violations and offered technical assistance to help them come back into compliance. In response to unresolved violations, enforcement action will then include one or more written warnings. If the customer still does not comply, the City may take progressive actions such administering a fine onto the water bill and ultimately shutting off water service if necessary. In addition to these actions, the City will enforce water allocations with EUPs for customers that exceed their delineated water service allocations in Water Shortage Stages 5 through 8 according to the procedures outlined below. See Section 9 of this Shortage Plan for additional information about water allocations and the EUP.

7.1 Compliance and Enforcement Procedures
Customer Education: The first step for ensuring customer compliance during a water shortage will be to proactively inform customers about the water shortage condition, water use reduction target, and prohibitions and restrictions on end uses, including water-service-specific water allocations described in Section 5.2.7. In addition, customers will be informed of the City’s water use efficiency programs and assistance to help customers comply with the Shortage Plan. Customer education will be accomplished by implementing the Communication Plan discussed in Section 6 and detailed in Appendix B.

Reports: The City anticipates receiving reports of potential violations from a range of sources, such as the general public, the City’s online reporting tool, the City’s Water Waste Patrol, other City staff, automated AMI alerts of continuous use, and automated b illing system alerts of unusually high use during a billing cycle.

Investigations: When the City receives a report of a violation of prohibitions or restrictions (including water waste and irrigation malfunctions), staff will take steps to determine whether a violation occurred and whether it has been resolved. Investigative steps may include (and are not limited to) actions such as seeking additional information from reporting parties, attempting to observe the violation directly, contacting the customer to gather additional information, and/or reviewing customer water us e data directly or through automated processes (for example, for water allocation exceedances in Stages 5 -8). Cases that appear to violate other City codes or regulations (for example, by causing or threatening harm to property, public health and safety, creeks, etc.) will be referred to other City staff as needed for corresponding investigation and enforcement.

City of Santa Rosa 7-2 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Initial Notice/First Warning: When following up on a customer’s first violation, staff will attempt to contact the customer by phone, email, and/or by mail to inform them of the violation and compliance requirements, including the timeline for resolving the violation and consequences for noncompliance. In non-urgent cases, if the customer is actively working toward resolving the issue, the deadline to comply may be extended.

Staff will also offer to provide information about available City assistance and pr ograms (to the extent relevant and feasible) which may help the customer come into compliance. The verbal and written notices are intended to serve as educational resources to inform the customers about water waste prohibitions, water use restrictions, the violation, the period for resolving the violation, and information about available City technical assistance and programs.

Second Warning: If the violation remains unresolved within the time specified in the First Warning, staff will send a Second Warning letter. It will reference the date of the First Warning Letter. It will also include the same or similar information as outlined for the First Letter, including the period for resolving the issue and information about the consequences of noncompliance as well as appeal and exemption processes. In non-urgent cases in which the customer is making progress, the period for resolvi ng the issue may be extended to three weeks after the date of the Second Warning letter.

Third Warning: If the violation remains unresolved within the time specified in Second Warning letter, a Third Warning letter signed by the Director or their designee will be sent to the customer to inform them that City action is imminent if the violation is not corre cted by a date certain. The letter will indicate which of these will occur: water service shut off and/or other enforcement action deemed appropriate by the Director of Water or their designee. Water allocation violations will be subject to the EUP. The letter will also indicate the dates of the Initial Notice/First Warning and Second Warning letter and include appeal and exemption processes. In most cases, the period for resolving the issue may be as short as a few days after the date of the Third Warning letter.

Urgent Cases: If at any time during an investigation or enforcement process it is discovered that a violation appears to be urgent and warrants immediate City action, the City will seek to contact the customer directly by phone or in person to inform them of the viola tion, the need for immediate corrective action by a date certain, and the imminent action(s), including water service shut off, that the City will take if the violation is not resolved by that date. The Director or their designee will also prov ide this information in writing to the customer. In most cases, the period for resolving the issue may be 15 or fewer days after the date of the urgent warning letter.

Multiple Violations: If a water service is found to have at least three violations within a rolling six -month period during a water shortage, enforcement may be elevated to Urgent status.

7.2 Appeal Process
If a Water customer wishes to appeal a City action taken in response to a violation, the customer may file an appeal in writing within 21 days (3 weeks) of the written notification of the violation to:

[email protected]
or
Deputy Director of Water Resources
Santa Rosa Water

City of Santa Rosa 7-3 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
69 Stony Circle
Santa Rosa, CA 95401
The Deputy Director or designee will decide on the matter within 30 calendar days of receiving the appeal.

The appeal should include:
• The street address of the subject property
• The water account number
• The water customer’s name, phone number, mailing address, and, if available, email address • An explanation of the grounds upon which the appeal is being filed • The specific action the customer wishes the Deputy Director to take • The appeal must be signed by the Water customer and dated If a customer is not satisfied with the decision, an appeal may be filed within 30 days of the decision to:

Director of Santa Rosa Water
69 Stony Circle
Santa Rosa, CA 95401
The Director will decide on the matter within 30 calendar days of receiving the appeal. The Director’s decision is final.

7.3 Exemption and Reassessment Process
If a Water customer wishes to request an exemption from a water use prohibition or restriction, or if a customer wishes to request a reassessment of the water allocation assigned to a Water service, the customer must file a request in writing to:

[email protected]
or
Deputy Director of Water Resources
Santa Rosa Water
69 Stony Circle
Santa Rosa, CA 95401
The Deputy Director or designee will decide on the matter within 30 calendar days of receiving the request.

The request should include:
• The prohibition, restriction, or water allocation of concern • The street address of the subject property
• The water account number
• The water customer’s name, phone number, mailing address, and, if available, email address

City of Santa Rosa 7-4 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
• An explanation of the grounds upon which the request for exemption or allocation reassessment is being requested; for example, grounds might include documentation of a significant health and safety need that must be met
• The specific action the customer wishes the Deputy Director to take • The request must be signed by the Water customer and dated If a customer is not satisfied with the decision, a request may be filed within 30 days of the decision to:

Director of Santa Rosa Water
69 Stony Circle
Santa Rosa, CA 95401
The Director will decide on the matter within 30 calendar days of receiving the appeal. The Director’s decision is final.

City of Santa Rosa 8-1 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

8. LEGAL AUTHORITIES
At the time of a water shortage emergency, the Santa Rosa City Council will, by resolution, declare a state of water shortage emergency and empower enactment of the Water Shortage Contingency Plan. A draft Water Shortage Emergency Resolution is found in Appendix C. With water emergencies that trigger the WSC rate structure (Stages 2 through 8), water allocations (Stages 5 through 8), or the EUP (Stages 5 through 8), the City Council will also adopt an ordinance.

If a water shortage emergency occurs while the City Council cannot assemble to adopt a Water Shortage Emergency Resolution or Ordinance, the City Manager, or designee, is authorized to implement the appropriate stage of the Shortage Plan based on the reduction in water supply. The determination by the City Manager, or designee, to implement the Shortage Plan shall remain effective until the City Council meeting immediately following such determination, at which time the Santa Rosa City Council will consider adopting a Water Shortage Resolution or Ordinance.

The City’s public water system does not provide potable water service to other cities or counties. However, if it does so in the future, the City will coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water supply services for the possible procla mation of a local emergency, as defined in Section 8558 of the Government Code.

City of Santa Rosa 9-1 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

9. FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
This section describes the potential revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activating shortage response actions and describes the City’s mitigation actions. The water rate structure changes during water shortages are necessary to help cover water system costs and protect the financial stability of the water system as water demands are reduced. In addition, changes to the water rate structure are designed to encourage customers to reduce water use commensurate with water use reduction targ ets.

9.1 Revenue and Expenditure Impacts
Under normal water conditions and in Stage 1 (with a voluntary community-wide water use reduction target of 10 percent), the City’s water rate structure is designed to encourage efficient water use. This is achieved through a low fixed service charge and relatively high usage rates applicable to each unit of water use. This conservation-oriented rate structure introduces some financial risk in that a significant portion of fixed costs is recovered through the usage charge, based on water usage.

The City’s water rate structure consists of a two -tier water rate structure for Single Family and Duplex Residential customers, a uniform water usage rate structure for Multi-Family Residential and CII customers, and a water-budget based two-tier water rate structure for Dedicated Irrigation customers. As of July 2025, the normal water usage rates per 1,000 gallons are listed in Table 9-1. The water rate structure also includes fixed monthly service charges, which vary with the size of the water meter.

TABLE 9-1: WATER USAGE RATES EFFECTIVE JULY 2025
Customer Sector Water Usage Rates
per 1,000 Gallons
Single Family and Duplex Residential Tiered Rate
Tier 1 (up to sewer cap) $ 7.21
Tier 2 (above sewer cap) $ 8.43
Single Family with No Irrigation Needs $ 7.21
Multi-Family Residential $ 7.66
Commercial, Industrial, & Institutional $ 7.66
Irrigation Water-Budget Based Tiered Rate
Tier 1 (up to 125 percent of water budget) $ 7.33
Tier 2 (above 125 percent of water budget) $ 9.36
Irrigation Water-Budget Based Tiered Rate (Recycled Water) Tier 1 (up to 125 percent of water budget) $ 6.96
Tier 2 (above 125 percent of water budget) $ 9.36

City of Santa Rosa 9-2 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
During water shortage emergencies, a reduction in water usage can result in revenues not covering all fixed costs. In addition, implementing triggered water shortage response actions and procedures for compliance and enforcement will lead to an increase in costs. To address this, the City has developed three approaches for its water shortage financial strategy and rate structure. They are summarized here and discussed below:
• Water customers will be subject to an increased water usage charge (WSC) during Stage 2 through Stage 8 to help cover water system costs, encourage water conservation, and help protect the financial condition of the water utility. The WSC (described below and in Section

5.2.6) is designed such that customers meeting use reduction goals will have lower water bills than they do with standard rates and normal usage.
• In Stages 1 through 8, Undesignated Reserves and/or the Catastrophic Reserve may be drawn down to absorb part of the financial deficit caused by a reduction in water rate revenues (due to lower water sales) and increase in costs (due to implementation of triggered water shortage actions and procedures for compliance and enforcement). • Reductions in Capital Improvement Program expenditures can be implemented in Stage 2 through Stage 8 to offset reduced revenue resulting from decreased water sales and increased costs resulting from implementation of the Shortage Plan.

The WSC is designed to recover a portion of revenue reductions during water shortage Stages 2 through 8.

The EUP is designed to reinforce the importance of limiting water use to water allocations in Stages 5 through 8 and is not designed to address revenue shortfalls associated with water shortages.

9.1.1 Water Shortage Charge
Water usage rates during a shortage condition will be based on modifications to the water rate structure in place at the time of the declared emergency for all water sold in Stages 2 through 8. The WSC is added on top of each unit of water sold and will he lp recover a portion of revenue shortfalls due to declining water sales and increasing costs for responding to the water shortage. The WSC is designed such that a typical customer’s bill will not change significantly even though the water usage rates are i ncreased (this assumes the typical customer will reduce water usage consistent with use reduction goals).

Beginning in Stage 5 and continuing through Stage 8, the tiered water usage rates for Single Family Residential and Dedicated Irrigation services are eliminated and the uniform water usage rate applicable to Multi-Family Residential and CII services is imp osed on all customer services. Table 9-2 illustrates incremental changes in the WSC as a function of the shortage stage.

City of Santa Rosa 9-3 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
TABLE 9-2: WATER SHORTAGE CHARGE (WSC) FOR ALL WATER SOLD – STAGES 2 THROUGH 8 Stage Single Family and
Duplex Accounts
Dedicated
Irrigation Accounts
Multi-Family
Residential
Accounts (3 units
or more)
Commercial,
Industrial,
Institutional, Health
, Safety
2 5 Percent of Tier 1 & Tier 2 Rates 5 percent of Uniform Rate 3 7.5 Percent of Tier 1 & Tier 2 Rates 7.5 percent of Uniform Rate 4 10 Percent of Tier 1 & Tier 2 Rates 10 percent of Uniform Rate 5 15 percent of Uniform Rate
6 25 percent of Uniform Rate
7 35 percent of Uniform Rate
8 45 percent of Uniform Rate

9.1.2 Excess Use Penalty
During water shortage Stages 5 through 8, water allocations are assigned to all service connections and water use in excess of individual account water allocations is prohibited (see more details in Section 5.2.7).

Water allocations will be enforced with the EUP for water usage that exceeds the water allocation established for each water service. The EUP provides an inclining penalty structure designed to reinforce the need for all customers to limit water use to the assigned water allocations. Customers who achieve the reduction target will not be penalized. Customers who exceed their water allocation will be subject to an EUP (see more details and an example in Section 5.2.8). See Section 7 for compliance and enforcement procedures.

The structure of the EUP is summarized in Table 9-3 (same as Table 5-4 in Section 5.2.8).

TABLE 9-3: EXCESS USE PENALTY (EUP) STRUCTURE FOR STAGES 5 - 8 Excess Use Over Allocation
in thousand-gallon units (TGALs)
Penalty per TGAL
Stage 5 Stage 6 Stage 7 Stage 8
2 to 10 $ 5.00 $10.00 $20.00 $40.00
Over 10 $10.00 $20.00 $40.00 $80.00
EUPs are entirely avoidable by all customers. Therefore, EUP revenues are not intended to be used as general operating revenues during the emergency and are not considered an element of the water shortage financial strategy and rate structure but may be used to offset the extraordinary costs of the water shortage emergency such as additional conservation support, to rebuild the Catastrophic Reserve, and/or to establish a rate stabilization fund for the post-emergency recovery.

9.1.3 Water Shortage Charge Rate and Excess Use Penalty Structure and Impact Table 9-4 summarizes the WSC rate structure and the EUP structure for each water shortage stage based on the current (effective July 2025) water rates.

City of Santa Rosa 9-4 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
TABLE 9-4: WATER SHORTAGE RATE STRUCTURES – JULY 2025(a)

Normal
Water
Usage
Rates(b)
Water Use Reduction Ranges(c)
Stage 2
11% to
15%
Stage 3
16% to
20%
Stage 4
21% to
25%
Stage
5 26%
to
30%
Stag
e 6
31%
to
40%
Stage
7 41%
to 50%
Stage
8 Over
50%
Water Shortage
Charge(d) - 5% 7.5% 10% 15% 25% 35% 45%
Excess Use Penalties(e) - - - -
Penalty based on amount of use
over allocation (per thousand-
gallon unit)
Water Usage Rates ($/1,000 gallons)
Single Family and Duplex Accounts
Tier 1 $7.21 $7.57 $7.75 $7.93 - - - -
Tier 2 $8.43 $8.85 $9.06 $9.27 - - - -
Single Family with No Irrigation Needs
All water use $7.21 $7.57 $7.75 $7.93 - - - -
Multi-Family/Comm./Indus./Inst.

All water use $7.66 $8.04 $8.23 $8.43 - - - -
Irrigation (potable water)
Tier 1 $7.33 $7.70 $7.88 $8.06 - - - -
Tier 2 9.36 $9.83 $10.06 $10.30 - - - -
Irrigation (recycled water)
Tier 1 $6.96 $7.31 $7.48 $7.66 - - - -
Tier 2 9.36 $9.83 $10.06 $10.30 - - - -
All Water Customers
Water use up to
100% of water
allocation
- - - - $8.81 $9.58 $10.34 $11.11
Excess Use Penalties
for use over
allocation
- - - -
Penalty based on amount of use
over allocation (per thousand-
gallon unit)(e)
(a) Water shortage charges and excess use penalties are expressed as percentages applied to normal water usage rates.

Monthly service charges are unaffected by the water shortage rates and charges. The normal water usage rates shown herein are the water usage rates proposed for July 2025 and are used for illustrative purposes. (b) Applies to normal water conditions and Stage 1 water shortages. (c) Stages 2 through 8 are mandatory water reduction stages. (d) When the water use reduction goal exceeds 10 percent, the normal water usage rates are increased by the water shortage charge percentage shown. The water shortage charge increment provides supplemental revenue to help bridge the financial deficit created by shortage conditions.
(e) Penalties are shown in Table 5-2 and Table 9-3.

City of Santa Rosa 9-5 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Table 9-5 details the City’s projected annual revenue and expenditure status (based on a normalized budget and water supply/demand condition for Fiscal Year (FY) 24-25) in non-shortage (normal supply) conditions and at each stage in the water shortage program.

TABLE 9-5: IMPACT OF WATER SHORTAGE ON REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES WITH PROPOSED WATER SHORTAGE STRATEGY (FY 24-25)

(1) Reflects estimated FY 25 revenues and expenses under "normal" budgetary, water supply, water demand, and economic conditions, as a basis for financial analysis. Normal water demand, revenues, and expenses were derived from the 2024 water rate study recently completed by the City.
(2) Source: Attachment 1 - 2024 Water and WasteWater Rate Study Report (3) Pass through rate revenue. Only includes water sold (production and purchased). (3) Shortage charges are imposed in conjunction with mandatory measures when the use reduction goal exceeds 10 percent and escalate through higher stages to limit the operating deficit. (4) Water purchases, energy, and chemical costs would all decline in proportion to reduced water usage. (5) Water conservation and demand management costs would increase in inverse proportion to reduced water sales. (6) Funding of the capital program could be restricted when the use reduction goal exceeds 10 percent to help bridge the financial deficit and lessen the impact on reserves.
(7) Assumes Catastrophic Reserve is fully funded and available at the outset of a water shortage. Undesignated reserves may also be available at the outset of a water shortage and would be used prior to drawing from the Catastrophic Reserve. (8) Excess use penalties would be imposed in Stages 5, 6, 7, and 8, but are not expected to generate any revenue, as the penalties can be avoided. Any penalty revenue received would be used to replenish the Catastrophic Reserve and/or fund conservation activities.
(9) Undesignated Reserves and/or the Catastrophic Reserve would be used to offset any operational deficit. (10) Bold and purple indicates Fixed Costs that are not affected by a water shortage.

Table 9-6 summarizes a sample water bill (not including wastewater fees) for an average Single Family Residential service that uses water consistent with the use reduction goals compared to a sample bill for an average Single Family Residential service that does not reduce water use during declared shortages.

Customers who reduce their water use consistent with declared water use reduction goals should expect to see a decrease in the water portion of their monthly utility bill.

City of Santa Rosa 9-6 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
TABLE 9-6: SAMPLE SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL CHARGES

(a) Stage 1 water reduction goal is voluntary. Stages 2-5 water reduction goals are mandatory. (b) Assumes Single Family customer with 5/8" meter, a 3‑person household allocation (per -person allocation decrease by stage), and a wintertime month that doesn't include an allocation for summer irrigation. (c) During Stages 5, 6, 7, and 8 customers would be subject to specific water allocations in order to meet required use reduction targets.
(d) Calculated Excess Use is (Monthly Water Use) - (Household Water Allocation) - (1,999 gal buffer), rounded down to the nearest 1,000 gal.
(e) Comparison is with water bill based on normal water usage and standard water rates.

9.2 Use of Reserves
To compensate for loss of revenue from reduced water sales and for increased costs for implementing water shortage response s and compliance and enforcement efforts , the Undesignated Reserve and/or Catastrophic Reserve may be employed in Stages 1 through 8 . In the event of a water shortage, adoption of a Water Shortage Resolution by the Santa Rosa City Council will allow the appropriation of funds from these reserves, which may be drawn down to absorb part of the financial deficit caused by a reduction in water rate revenues (due to lower water sales) and increase in costs (due to implementation of triggered water shortage actions and procedures for compliance and enforcement ) that exceeds the reduction in operating costs during a water shortage emergency. This discretionary decision to draw down reserves would be made at the time of a water shortage and would depend on conditions that may exist at that time.

Monthly Water
Usage
Water
Shortage
Household
Water
Allocation
Calculated
Excess Use Excess Use Total
Monthly Change from
Service
Charge Charge Charge (gal) (b) (gal) (d) Penalty Water Bill Normal Bill (e) Normal Conditions 0% 10,000 $15.38 $80.03 n/a n/a n/a n/a $95.41 Stage 1 10% 9,000 $15.38 $71.60 n/a n/a n/a n/a $86.98 ($8.43) Stage 2 15% 8,500 $15.38 $67.39 $3.37 n/a n/a n/a $86.14 ($9.28) Stage 3 20% 8,000 $15.38 $63.17 $4.74 n/a n/a n/a $83.29 ($12.12) Stage 4 25% 7,500 $15.38 $58.96 $5.90 n/a n/a n/a $80.24 ($15.18) Stage 5 (c) 6,500 $15.38 $49.79 $7.47 3,600 0 $0.00 $72.64 ($22.77) Stage 6 (c) 4,900 $15.38 $37.53 $9.38 3,240 0 $0.00 $62.29 ($33.12) Stage 7 (c) 3,200 $15.38 $24.51 $8.58 2,880 0 $0.00 $48.47 ($46.94) Stage 8 (c) 2,700 $15.38 $20.68 $9.31 2,520 0 $0.00 $45.37 ($50.04) Normal Conditions 0% 10,000 $15.38 $80.03 n/a n/a n/a n/a $95.41 Stage 1 10% 10,000 $15.38 $80.03 n/a n/a n/a n/a $95.41 $0.00 Stage 2 15% 10,000 $15.38 $80.03 $4.00 n/a n/a n/a $99.41 $4.00 Stage 3 20% 10,000 $15.38 $80.03 $6.00 n/a n/a n/a $101.41 $6.00 Stage 4 25% 10,000 $15.38 $80.03 $8.00 n/a n/a n/a $103.41 $8.00 Stage 5 (c) 10,000 $15.38 $76.60 $11.49 3,600 4,000 $40.00 $143.47 $48.06 Stage 6 (c) 10,000 $15.38 $76.60 $19.15 3,240 4,000 $80.00 $191.13 $95.72 Stage 7 (c) 10,000 $15.38 $76.60 $26.81 2,880 5,000 $200.00 $318.79 $223.38 Stage 8 (c) 10,000 $15.38 $76.60 $34.47 2,520 5,000 $400.00 $526.45 $431.04 Shortage Stage
Single
Family
Use
Reduction
Goal(a)
Monthly
Water
Use,
Gallons
Average Single Family Customer Meeting Reduction Goals (b) Average Single-Family Customer with No Water Use Reduction (b)

City of Santa Rosa 9-7 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

9.3 Capital Improvement Program Reductions
As progressive stages of the Shortage Plan are enacted, an additional measure may be taken to stabilize the financial outlook for the utility. Reductions in Capital Improvement Program expenditures could be implemented in Stage 2 through Stage 8. A decrease in capital spending would help to reduce the depletion of available reserves, as well as offset revenue losses resulting from decreased water sales and increased costs resulting from implementation of triggered water shortage actions and proc edures for c ompliance and enforcement. This discretionary decision to reduce capital spending would be made at the time of a water shortage and would depend on conditions that may exist at that time.

City of Santa Rosa 10-1 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

10. MONITORING AND REPORTING
Monitoring and reporting are essential for evaluating whether response actions are achieving their intended water use reduction purposes or if improvements or new actions need to be considered.

During all water supply conditions, the City collects, tracks, and analyzes water use data and submits monthly reports to the State on urban water use.

In Stages 1 through 4, the water reduction target ranges from 10 percent (Stage 1) to 25 percent (Stage 4).

The water use reduction targets associated with each stage apply to all customers and are not allocation based. As such, the water use reduction targets for Stages 1 through 4 will be implemented as community- wide targets, and compliance will be tracked based on community -wide water use. During all water supply conditions (including normal and shortage conditions), the City monitors water use and wate r supply volumes on a monthly basis. All City services are metered and delivery volumes are recorded monthly. In addition, water purchased from Sonoma Water and water produced by the City’s wells are separately metered and recorded monthly. During shortage conditions, the City also tracks which shortage response actions are being implemented. During water shortage Stages 1 through 4, the City will monitor overall water use each month compared to planned use under normal water conditions, using existing trac king systems to assess progress toward achieving the reduction target.

In Stages 5 through 8, the water reduction target ranges from 30 percent (Stage 5) to over 50 percent (Stage 8). During these stages, each water service will be assigned its own water allocation, and the water use reduction targets for Stages 5 through 8 will be achieved based on customer adherence to these allocations. Progress on achieving the water reduction t arget will be tracked both on a community -wide basis and on a service-by-service basis to identify whether customers are adhering to their allocations. The City tracks deliveries to each service monthly and tracks water supply volume by source each month. In addition, the City assigns each water service to a customer sector (e.g., Single Family Residential) and regularly collects pertinent information necessary for calculating allocations each month ( e.g., number of residents per dwelling unit). Furthermore, the City ’s AMI technology can allow for monitoring customer water usage as frequently as deemed necessary for assessing compliance with allocatio ns and helping customers achieve the reduction goal. The City will monitor overall water use each month compared to anticipated use under normal water conditions and will monitor use compared to customer allocations.

If reduction goals are not met through implementation of the Shortage Plan (during any water shortage Stage), the Director will notify the Board of Public Utilities and City Council and more aggressive action will be taken. Additionally, if it is determined that this Shortage Plan requires refinements to achieve reduction targets, the City will revise the Shortage Plan according to the procedures discussed in Section 11 and then adopt it and make it available as discussed in Section 12.

City of Santa Rosa 11-1 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

11. SHORTAGE PLAN REFINEMENT PROCEDURES
The Shortage Plan is best prepared and implemented as an adaptive management plan. Therefore, the City will use the results of its monitoring and reporting program described in Section 9 to evaluate whether this Shortage Plan requires refinements to ensure that its shortage response actions are effective and produce the desired results.

If it is determined that revised procedures and/or new or expanded actions would improve the Shortage Plan, the City will revise the Shortage Plan accordingly and then follow the procedures discussed in Section 12 to adopt the revised plan, submit it to DWR, and make it available to the public.

City of Santa Rosa 12-1 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

12. PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND AVAILABILITY
This section provides information regarding the notification, public hearing, adoption, and submittal of the City’s 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan. These processes were completed in parallel with those of the City’s 2025 UWMP. This section also includes discussion on implementation of the Shortage Plan.

12.1 Notice of Public Hearing
In accordance with CWC section 10642, the City must provide an opportunity for the public to provide input on the Shortage Plan and any amendments which may occur . The City must consider all public input prior to its adoption. There are two audiences to be notified for the public hearing: cities and counties, and the public.

12.1.1 Notice to Cities and Counties Regarding Preparation of the 2025 Shortage Plan Per CWC Section 10621, notice regarding preparation of the Shortage Plan was sent to Sonoma County and neighboring cities more than 60 days prior to the public hearing date as noted in Table 12-1. The notice of preparation sent to the County , local cities, and regional partners is included in Appendix B to the 2025 UWMP.

The City coordinated the preparation of its Shortage Plan internally and coordinated the preparation of its water resiliency analysis (for the UWMP) both internally and with Sonoma Water and the agencies participating in the Regional Alliance for SB X7-7 compliance.

Upon substantial completion of the 202 5 UWMP and Shortage Plan, the City provided the same agencies, including internally within the City and Sonoma County, notice of public hearing.

Notifications to cities and counties in accordance with the UWMP Act, are summarized in Table 12-1. In addition, the City notified Marin Municipal Water District, North Marin Water District, and Valley of the Moon Water District as well as the Santa Rosa Plain Groundwater Sustainability Agency.

TABLE 12-1: NOTIFICATION TO CITIES AND COUNTIES (DWR TABLE 10-1 RETAIL) City Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public
Hearing
City of Cotai Yes Yes
City of Petaluma Yes Yes
City of Rohnert Park Yes Yes
City of Sebastopol Yes Yes
City of Sonoma Yes Yes
Town of Windsor Yes Yes
County Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public
Hearing
Sonoma County Yes Yes

City of Santa Rosa 12-2 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026

12.1.2 Notice to the Public for the 2025 Shortage Plan
To encourage community and public input on the development of the Shortage Plan, the City included information about its preparation and how to participate through an insert in the Water bill and social media posts. The City also held a publicly noticed meeting of the City’s Water Conservation Subcommittee of the Board of Public Utilities and held meetings of the Board of Public Utilities and Santa Rosa City Council. The City also developed a dedicated webpage (srcity.org/UWMP) to provide information to the public related to development of the Shortage Plan and to provide access to the document for public review and comment .

Following completion of the Draft Shortage Plan, a notification of public hearing was placed in the local newspaper (Santa Rosa Press Democrat) about the 2025 Shortage Plan update process, and copies of the Draft Shortage Plan were made available online on the City’s website. During the public review period, local cities, and Sonoma County, as well as the general public, were encouraged to comment on the draft document which was available online at srcity.org/UWMP. Noticing for the public hearing was conducted pursuant to Section 6066 of the Government Code. Public hearing notifications were published in The Press Democrat. Copies of the published Notice of Public Hearing are included in Appendix B to the 2025 UWMP.

In addition, the City notified Sonoma Water, Marin Municipal Water District, North Marin Water District, and Valley of the Moon Water District.

12.2 Public Hearing and Adoption
City Council held a public hearing to discuss the 2025 Shortage Plan on June 2, 2026 (TO BE CONFIRMED), in conjunction with the City Council meeting.

The public hearing provided an opportunity for all City water users and the public to become familiar with the Shortage Plan and ask questions about the City’s planned responses for managing water demands and supply during water shortages. The 2025 Shortage Plan was also made available online on the City’s webpage (srcity.org/UWMP) for public inspection for 30 days prior to the public hearing. The 2025 Shortage Plan was adopted by the City Council on June 2, 2026 (TO BE CONFIRMED). A copy of the adopted resolution is provided as Appendix A to the 2025 UWMP.

12.3 Plan Submittal
An electronic copy of the 2025 Shortage Plan was submitted to DWR within 30 days of adoption using the Water Use Efficiency data submittal tool. A copy of the 2025 Shortage Plan was submitted to the California State Library, and an electronic copy was made available to the cities and counties to which the City provides water.

12.4 Public Availability
No later than 30 days after submittal to DWR, the Shortage Plan was made available online on the City’s website at srcity.org/UWMP.

12.5 Amending an Adopted Water Shortage Contingency Plan The City may amend its Shortage Plan and its UWMP jointly or separately. If the City amends the Shortage Plan in the future, the City will follow the notification, public hearing, adoption, and submittal process

City of Santa Rosa 12-3 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
described above. In addition to submitting amendments to DWR through the W ater Use Efficiency data Portal, copies of amendments or changes to the Shortage Plan will be submitted to the California State Library and any city or county within which the City provides water supplies within 30 days after adoption.

In addition, any amendments will be available online on the City’s website.

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
APPENDIX A: 2025 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN RESPONSE

ACTIONS

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Water Shortage Contingency Response Actions

Shortage Level
Stage 1
up to 10%
Voluntary
Stage 2
up to 15%
Mandatory
Stage 3
up to 20%
Mandatory
Stage 4
up to 25%
Mandatory
Stage 5
up to 30%
Mandatory
Stage 6
up to 40%
Mandatory
Stage 7
up to 50%
Mandatory
Stage 8
Over 50%
Mandatory Response Actions
Adopt Resolution declaring water
shortage emergency and shortage stage
and establishing water use prohibitions
Council
Action
Council
Action
Council
Action
Council
Action
Council
Action
Council
Action
Council
Action
Council
Action
Implement Communication Protocols ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Conduct compliance and enforcement as
needed ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Implement customer service and
assistance with Water Use Efficiency
programs
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Enforce Water Waste Ordinance ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Implement Water Waste Patrols (virtual
and/or in-person) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Increase staffing resources, as needed
(temporary, reassignments, and/or
overtime)
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Increase overtime budget for staff to
help implement the Shortage Plan, as
needed
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Require shut-off nozzles for garden and
utility hoses ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Prohibit washing hard surfaces
(sidewalks, driveways, patios, etc.) with
hose, unless required for public health
and safety
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Shortage Level
Stage 1
up to 10%
Voluntary
Stage 2
up to 15%
Mandatory
Stage 3
up to 20%
Mandatory
Stage 4
up to 25%
Mandatory
Stage 5
up to 30%
Mandatory
Stage 6
up to 40%
Mandatory
Stage 7
up to 50%
Mandatory
Stage 8
Over 50%
Mandatory Response Actions
Limit flushing of mains and hydrants, as
applicable and post explanatory signs
when flushing mains or hydrants
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Enforce Statewide mandatory
prohibitions as needed ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Adopt Ordinance to authorize Water
Shortage Charge
Council
Action –
5 %
Council
Action

7.5 %
Council
Action
10%
Council
Action
15%
Council
Action
25%
Council
Action
35%
Council
Action
45%
Require "Water on Request" program for
restaurants
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Require hotel and lodging industry to
incorporate signage and/or messaging
regarding washing of linens only upon
request
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Prohibit power washing with potable
water (except for public health and
safety and to paint buildings), unless a
variance is obtained
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Limit hours of irrigation to 7 PM - 9 AM ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Prohibit filling and operation of
ornamental fountains and water features
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Adopt Ordinance to authorize Water
Allotments and Excess Use Penalty
Council
Action
Council
Action
Council
Action
Council
Action
Assign allocation to each Single Family
Residential service

40 GPCD;
landscape
2,000 gals/mo
(May-Oct)
36 GPCD;
landscape
1,000 gals/mo
(May-Oct)
32 GPCD 28 GPCD
Offer “Water School” ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Assign allocation to each Multi-Family
Residential service
40 GPCD;
mod. landscape
36 GPCD;
mod. landscape 32 GPCD 28 GPCD

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Shortage Level
Stage 1
up to 10%
Voluntary
Stage 2
up to 15%
Mandatory
Stage 3
up to 20%
Mandatory
Stage 4
up to 25%
Mandatory
Stage 5
up to 30%
Mandatory
Stage 6
up to 40%
Mandatory
Stage 7
up to 50%
Mandatory
Stage 8
Over 50%
Mandatory Response Actions
budget (May-
Oct)
budget (May-
Oct)
Assign allocation to each CII service
85% of
previous 12
months usage
80% of
previous 12
months usage
75% of
previous 12
months usage
70% of
previous 12
months usage
Assign allocation to each Irrigation
service

40% of ET
based water
budget
20% of ET
based water
budget
10% of ET
based water
budget
No allocation
Assign allocation to each Health and
Safety service

95% of
previous 12
months
90% of
previous 12
months
85% of
previous 12
months
80% of
previous 12
months
Implement Excess Use Penalty to enforce
Water Allocations

See Table 5-4
in Shortage
Plan
See Table 5-4
in Shortage
Plan
See Table 5-4
in Shortage
Plan
See Table 5-4
in Shortage
Plan
Require new construction offset demand
new demand (1:1 ratio)
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Prohibit filling new swimming pools and
spas
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Pool and spa covers must be installed
and utilized at commercial, industrial and
institutional accounts, as well as
Homeowners Association common areas
and common interest developments with
outdoor pools and spas.
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Require use of recycled water for
construction dust control if available and
filling station is within one mile
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Accounts with cooling towers must
demonstrate optimization of system(s)
to achieve water use efficiency.
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Prohibit filling or topping off of existing
swimming pools
✓ ✓ ✓

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Shortage Level
Stage 1
up to 10%
Voluntary
Stage 2
up to 15%
Mandatory
Stage 3
up to 20%
Mandatory
Stage 4
up to 25%
Mandatory
Stage 5
up to 30%
Mandatory
Stage 6
up to 40%
Mandatory
Stage 7
up to 50%
Mandatory
Stage 8
Over 50%
Mandatory Response Actions
Prohibit installation of water-using
landscaping at new construction
✓ ✓ ✓
Prohibit installation or replanting of
water-using landscaping at all sites
✓ ✓
Irrigation is limited to maintaining the
health of trees and established perennial
plantings only.
✓ ✓
Prohibit landscape irrigation (reuse of
rainwater and graywater allowed)
✓

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
APPENDIX B: COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Communication Protocols for Water Shortages
Stage 1 Response Actions Stage 1 Communication Actions
• City Council adopts resolution declaring Stage 1 water shortage emergency, requesting 10 percent voluntary conservation, prohibiting water waste, reducing non-essential uses, and authorizing implementation of Shortage Plan, and triggering Stage 1 prohibitions and restrictions and State mandated prohibitions if any
• Launch/sustain public information campaign
• Implement Water Waste Patrols
• Implement compliance and enforcement procedures
Implement communication plan to keep stakeholders informed:
• State regulators and local officials
• Sonoma Water and local water providers
• Customers, general public, and interested parties
Messages (in English and Spanish):
• Stage 1 water shortage level in effect
• Reduction target is 10 percent voluntary, non-allocation-based, community-wide effort • New prohibitions and restrictions on end uses are in effect (describe all) • Eliminate water waste (requirements of ordinance and how to report water waste) • Highlight Water Use Efficiency programs (include contacts: phone number, email, website URL) • Inform State regulators, local officials, Sonoma Water, and local water providers via meetings, email, phone, US postal service, online portals
Inform customers, general public, and interested parties via:
• Bill inserts and envelope messages (customers)
• Letters and other direct mail marketing (such as postcards) to customer sectors and stakeholders (e.g., property managers and landscape professionals)
• Media releases
• Social media posts
• Updated website content
• Santa Rosa’s City Connections newsletter and- news alerts • Presentations at Board of Public Utilities (BPU) and City Council meetings • Presentations at meetings of regional policy makers and governing bodies • Presentations to civic groups, nonprofits, businesses, large employers, schools • Signs applied to City vehicles and/or banners posted in downtown core • Public information booths at local fairs, festivals, events • Sonoma Marin Saving Water Partnership public information campaign • Ad buys: Radio, print, digital, and social media

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Stage 2 Response Actions Stage 2 Communication Actions
• Actions from previous stage in effect
• City Council adopts resolution/ordinance declaring Stage 2 water shortage emergency, mandating 15 percent non-allocation- based water reduction community-wide for all user classes, and authorizing implementation of Shortage Plan and Water
Shortage Charge (5 percent), and triggering restrictions and prohibitions for Stages 1-2 and State mandated prohibitions if any
• Launch/expand public information campaign
• Implement Water Shortage Charge (5 percent)

Implement/expand communication plan to inform/update:
• State regulators and local officials
• Sonoma Water and local water providers
• Customers, general public, and interested parties
Messages (in English and Spanish):
• Same as previous stage with these modifications and/or additions o Stage 2 water shortage level
o Reduction target is 15 percent mandatory, non-allocation-based, community-wide o Additional prohibitions and restrictions on end uses are in effect (describe all) o Water Shortage Charge is in effect (5 percent of customer usage rate) Inform State Regulators, local officials, Sonoma Water, and local water providers via:
• Same as previous stage
Inform customers, general public, and interested parties via:
• Same as previous stage plus:
o Increase ad buys: Radio, print, digital, and social media o Send letter to customers to inform them about Stage 2 Water Shortage Charge and Stage 1-2 prohibitions and restrictions. Provide information about Water Use Efficiency programs and technical assistance. Request updated information in preparation for water allocations (Stage 5 or higher) o If Stage 3 or higher is anticipated, reach out to landscape and irrigation industry to inform them of potential need to limit irrigation hours

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Stage 3 Response Actions Stage 3 Communication Actions
• Actions from previous stage in effect
• City Council adopts resolution/ordinance declaring Stage 3 water shortage emergency, mandating 20 percent non-allocation- based water reduction community-wide for all user classes, and authorizing implementation of Shortage Plan and Water
Shortage Charge (7.5 percent), and triggering restrictions and prohibitions for Stages 1-3 and State mandated prohibitions if any
• Launch/expand public information campaign
• Implement Water Shortage Charge (7.5 percent)

Implement/expand communication plan to inform/update:
• State regulators and local officials
• Sonoma Water and local water providers
• Customers, general public, and interested parties
Messages (in English and Spanish):
• Same as previous stages with these modifications and/or additions o Stage 3 water shortage level
o Reduction target is 20 percent mandatory, non-allocation-based, community-wide o Additional prohibitions and restrictions on end uses are in effect (describe all) o Water Shortage Charge is in effect (7.5 percent of customer usage rate) Inform State Regulators, local officials, Sonoma Water, and local water providers via:
• Same as previous stages
Inform customers, general public, and interested parties via:
• Same as previous stages plus:
o Increase frequency and scope of ad buys
o Send letter to customers to inform them about Stage 3 Water Shortage Charge and Stage 1-3 prohibitions and restrictions. Provide information about Water Use Efficiency programs and technical assistance. Request updated information in preparation for water allocations (Stage 5 or higher) o Reach out to landscape and irrigation industry to inform them of irrigation hours. If Stage 4 or higher is anticipated, inform them about limits on irrigation and landscape installation that would be triggered. o Deliver more frequent presentations at BPU meetings and City Council meetings

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Stage 4 Response Actions Stage 4 Communication Actions
• Actions from previous stage in effect
• City Council adopts resolution/ordinance declaring Stage 4 water shortage emergency, mandating 25 percent non-allocation- based water reduction community-wide for all user classes, and authorizing implementation of Shortage Plan and Water
Shortage Charge (10 percent), and triggering restrictions and prohibitions for Stages 1-4 and State mandated prohibitions if any
• Launch/expand public information campaign
• Implement Water Shortage Charge (10 percent)

Implement/expand communication plan to inform/update:
• State regulators and local officials
• Sonoma Water and local water providers
• Customers, general public, and interested parties
Messages (in English and Spanish):
• Same as previous stages with these modifications and/or additions • Stage 4 water shortage level
• Reduction target is 25 percent mandatory, non-allocation-based, community-wide • Additional prohibitions and restrictions on end uses are in effect (describe all) • Water Shortage Charge is in effect (10 percent of customer usage rate) Inform State Regulators, local officials, Sonoma Water, and local water providers via:
• Same as previous stages
Inform customers, general public, and interested parties:
• Same as previous stages plus:
o Increase frequency and scope of ad buys
o Send letter to customers to inform them about Stage 4 Water Shortage Charge and Stage 1-4 prohibitions and restrictions. Provide information about Water Use Efficiency programs and technical assistance. Request updated information in preparation for water allocations (Stage 5 or higher) o Reach out to landscape and irrigation industry to inform them of current restrictions (Stage 4). If Stage 5 or higher is anticipated, inform them about limits on irrigation and landscape installation and about landscape related water allocations for all customer sectors in Stages 58 o Work with land use planners, developers, builders, general contractors, etc., to prepare for potential limits on new demand (offset program for Stages 5-8) Also inform them of other limits/restrictions related to landscape irrigation and installation (Stages 3-8) and operation and filling of pools/spas (Stages 4-8)

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Stage 5 Response Actions Stage 5 Communication Actions
• Actions from previous stage in effect
• City Council adopts resolution/ordinance declaring Stage 5 water shortage emergency, mandating Stage 5 allocation-based water reductions for each service, and authorizing implementation of Shortage Plan, Water Shortage Charge (15 percent), and Stage 5 Excess Use Penalty structure, and triggering restrictions and prohibitions for Stages 1-5 and State mandated prohibitions if any
• Launch/expand public information campaign
• Implement Water Shortage Charge (15 percent)
• Implement Stage 5 water allocations
• Implement Stage 5 Excess Use Penalty for water use over allocation

Implement/expand communication plan to inform/update:
• State regulators and local officials
• Sonoma Water and local water providers
• Customers, general public, and interested parties
Messages (in English and Spanish):
• Same as previous stages with these modifications and/or additions o Stage 5 water shortage level
o Reduction is mandatory and based on Stage 5 allocations assigned to each service o Stage 5 Excess Use Penalty structure for exceeding water allocation o Water Shortage Charge is in effect (15 percent of customer usage rate) o Additional prohibitions and restrictions on end uses are in effect o New construction must offset demand by ratio of 1 to 1 Inform State Regulators, local officials, Sonoma Water, and local water providers via:
• Same as previous stages
Inform customers, general public, and interested parties via:
• Same as previous stages plus:
o Increase frequency and scope of ad buys
o Send letter to customers to inform them about Stage 5 Water Shortage Charge, Water Allocations, and Stage 1-5 prohibitions and restrictions. Provide information about Water Use Efficiency programs and technical assistance and include information about Excess Use Penalty and appeal/exemption processes
o Reach out to landscape and irrigation industry to inform them of current restrictions (Stage 5). If Stage 6 or higher is anticipated, inform them about limits on irrigation and landscape installation about landscape related water allocations for all customer sectors in Stages 6-8 o Work with land use planners, developers, builders, general contractors, etc., to implement the water demand offset program.

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Stage 6 Response Actions Stage 6 Communication Actions
• Actions from previous stages in effect
• City Council adopts resolution/ordinance declaring Stage 6 water shortage emergency, mandating Stage 6 allocation-based water reductions for each service, authorizing implementation of Shortage Plan, Water Shortage Charge (25 percent), and Stage 6 Excess Use Penalty structure, and triggering restrictions and prohibitions for Stages 1-6 and State mandated prohibitions if any
• Launch/sustain public information campaign
• Implement Water Shortage Charge (25 percent)
• Implement Stage 6 water allocations
• Implement Stage 6 Excess Use Penalty structure for water use over allocation

Implement/expand communication plan to inform/update
• State regulators and local officials
• Sonoma Water and local water providers
• Customers, general public, and interested parties
Messages (in English and Spanish):
• Same as previous stages with these modifications and/or additions o Stage 6 water shortage level
o Reduction is mandatory and based on Stage 6 allocations assigned to each service o Stage 6 Excess Use Penalty structure for exceeding water allocation o Water Shortage Charge is in effect (25 percent of customer usage rate) o Additional prohibitions and restrictions on end uses are in effect Inform State Regulators, local officials, Sonoma Water, and local water providers via:
• Same as previous stages
Inform customers, general public, and interested parties via:
• Same as previous stages plus:
o Increase frequency and scope of ad buys
o Send letter to customers to inform them about Stage 6 Water Shortage Charge, Water Allocations, and Stage 1-6 prohibitions and restrictions. Provide information about Water Use Efficiency programs and technical assistance and include information about Excess Use Penalty and appeal/exemption processes
o Reach out to landscape and irrigation industry to inform them of current restrictions (Stage 6). If Stage 7 or 8 is anticipated, inform them about limits on irrigation and landscape installation and water allocations for all customer sectors

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Stage 7 Response Actions Stage 7 Communication Actions
• Actions from previous stages in effect
• City Council adopts resolution/ordinance declaring Stage 7 water shortage emergency, mandating Stage 7 allocation-based water reductions for each service, authorizing implementation of Shortage Plan, Water Shortage Charge (35 percent), and Stage 6 Excess Use Penalty structure, and triggering restrictions and prohibitions for Stages 1-7 and State mandated prohibitions if any
• Launch/sustain public information campaign
• Implement Water Shortage Charge (35 percent)
• Implement Stage 7 water allocations
• Implement Stage 7 Excess Use Penalty for water use over allocation

Implement/expand communication plan to inform/update
• State regulators and local officials
• Sonoma Water and local water providers
• Customers, general public, and interested parties
Messages (in English and Spanish):
• Same as previous stages with these modifications and/or additions o Stage 7 water shortage level
o Reduction is mandatory and based on Stage 7 allocations assigned to each service o Stage 7 Excess Use Penalty structure for exceeding water allocation o Water Shortage Charge is in effect (35 percent of customer usage rate) o Additional prohibitions and restrictions on end uses are in effect Inform State Regulators, local officials, Sonoma Water, and local water providers via:
• Same as previous stages
Inform customers, general public, and interested parties via:
• Same as previous stages plus:
o Increase frequency and scope of ad buys
o Send letter to customers to inform them about Stage 7 Water Shortage Charge, Water Allocations, and Stage 1-7 prohibitions and restrictions. Provide information about Water Use Efficiency programs and technical assistance and include information about Excess Use Penalty and appeal/exemption processes
o Reach out to landscape and irrigation industry to inform them of current (Stage 7). If Stage 8 anticipated, inform them about limits on irrigation and landscape installation and water allocations for all customer sectors in Stage 8

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
Stage 8 Response Actions Stage 8 Communication Actions
• Actions from previous stages in effect
• City Council adopts resolution/ordinance declaring Stage 8 water shortage emergency, mandating Stage 8 allocation-based water reductions for each service, authorizing implementation of Shortage Plan, Water Shortage Charge (45 percent), and Stage 7 Excess Use Penalty structure, and triggering restrictions and prohibitions for Stages 1-8 and State mandated prohibitions if any
• Launch/sustain public information campaign
• Implement Water Shortage Charge (45 percent)
• Implement Stage 8 water allocations

Implement/expand communication plan to inform/update
• State regulators and local officials
• Sonoma Water and local water providers
• Customers, general public, and interested parties
Messages (in English and Spanish):
• Same as previous stages with these modifications and/or additions o Stage 8 water shortage level
o Reduction is mandatory and based on Stage 8 allocations assigned to each service o Stage 8 Excess Use Penalty structure for exceeding water allocation o Water Shortage Charge is in effect (45 percent of customer usage rate) o Additional prohibitions and restrictions on end uses are in effect (describe all) Inform State Regulators, local officials, Sonoma Water, and local water providers via:
• Same as previous stages
Inform customers, general public, and interested parties via:
• Same as previous stages plus
o Increase frequency and scope of ad buys:
o Send letter to customers to inform them about Stage 8 Water Shortage Charge, Water Allocations, and Stage 1-8 prohibitions and restrictions. Provide information about Water Use Efficiency programs and technical assistance and include information about Excess Use Penalty and appeals/exemption processes
o Reach out to landscape and irrigation industry to inform them of Stage 8 limits on irrigation and landscape installation

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan June 2026
APPENDIX C: SAMPLE RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

SANTA ROSA DECLARING A WATER SHORTAGE

EMERGENCY

RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA ROSA DECLARING A WATER SHORTAGE EMERGENCY, IMPLEMENTING STAGE __ OF THE CITY’S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY, CALLING FOR A _______% REDUCTION IN COMMUNITY -WIDE WATER USE, AND AUTHORIZING USE OF THE WATER DEPARTMENT’S UNDESIGNATED AND CATASTROPHIC RESERVES

WHEREAS, the City of Santa Rosa is a City empowered by the City Charter to provide water service within certain boundaries; and
WHEREAS the Sonoma County Water Agency (Sonoma Water) is the wholesaler of water to the City of Santa Rosa; and
WHEREAS, due to (current condition – drought, contamination, etc.), water supply conditions indicate that a ____% reduction in demand is required to ensure adequate supply in 20__; and WHEREAS, Sonoma Water has reduced delivery to the City and all prime contractors by ____%; and WHEREAS, the City of Santa Rosa has the authority, by City Charter, Sections 3 and 25(b) and City Code, Section 14-04.020 Administration and regulations authority, and the responsibility to adopt water demand reduction measures within its area of service; and
WHEREAS, the City of Santa Rosa has the authority through the activation of its Water Shortage Contingency Plan to employ the Undesignated Reserve and the Catastrophic Reserve during a Water Shortage Emergency; and WHEREAS, the Water Department staff is recommending implementation of Stage __ of the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan; and
WHEREAS, on ________ the Council of the City of Santa Rosa adopt a resolution declaring a water shortage emergency, directing staff to implement a program of demand management as defined by Stage ___ of the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan to realize community-wide water reduction of ___% and directing staff to utilize the Undesignated and Catastrophic Reserves to compensate for loss of revenue due to reduced water sales.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Council of the City of Santa Rosa declares a water shortage emergency and directs staff to implement a program of demand management as defined by Stage __ of the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan to realize community-wide water reduction of ____%.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City Council directs staff to utilize the Undesignated Reserve and Catastrophic Reserve to compensate for loss of revenue due to reduced water sales.

IN COUNCIL DULY PASSED THIS day of , 2026__
AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

ATTEST: APPROVED:

City Clerk
Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM:

City Attorney

woodardcurran.com

City of Santa Rosa 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
June 2026
APPENDIX F: DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES URBAN WATER

MANAGEMENT PLAN CHECKLIST
Retail
(x = required)
Wholesale
(x = required) Order 2025 Guidebook Location Water Code Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject Relevant Submittal Table 2025 UWMP Location x x 1 Chapter 1 10615 A plan shall describe and evaluate sources of supply, reasonable and practical efficient uses, reclamation and demand management activities. Introduction and overview n/a x x 1 Chapter 1 10630.5
Each plan shall include a simple description of the Supplier’s plan including water availability, future requirements, a strategy for meeting needs, and other pertinent information. Additionally, a Supplier may also choose to include a simple description at the beginning of each chapter.

Plan preparation n/a Executive Summary
x x 2.1 Section 2.1 10620(b) Every person that becomes a Supplier shall adopt UWMP within one year after it has become a Supplier. Plan preparation n/a 2.1
x n/a 2.5 Section 2.5 10644 Supplier shall report the Public Water Systems number, volume of delivered water, and number of connections that are included in this UWMP. Plan preparation 2-1 2.1 x x 2.5 Section 2.5 10644 Supplier shall report if this UWMP is an individual UWMP and whether the Supplier belongs to a regional UWMP or regional alliance. Plan preparation 2-2 2.3 x x 2.5 Section 2.5 10644 Supplier shall report whether the data is in fiscal or calendar years and the units of measure used for reporting water volumes. Plan preparation 2-3 2.4
x x 2.4 Section 2.4 10642
Provide supporting documentation that the Supplier has encouraged active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of the plan and contingency plan.

Plan preparation n/a 2.5
x x 2.4 Section 2.4.2 10620(d)(3)
Coordinate the preparation of its plan with other appropriate agencies in the area, including other Suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies, to the extent practicable.

Plan preparation n/a 2.5.2
x n/a 2.4 Section 2.4.1 10631(h) Retail Suppliers will include documentation that they have provided their Wholesale Supplier(s)—if any—with water use projections from that source. Plan preparation 2-4 R 2.5.1 n/a x 2.4 Section 2.4.1 10631(h)
Wholesale Suppliers will provide their Suppliers with identification and quantification of the existing and planned sources of water available from the Wholesale Supplier to the Supplier during various water year types.

Plan preparation 2-4 W 2.5.1
x x 3 Chapter 3.0 10631(a) Describe the Supplier service area. System description n/a 3.1 to 3.3 x x 3.3 Section 3.3 10631(a) Describe the climate of the Supplier’s service area. System description n/a 3.4 x x 3.4 Section 3.4.1 10631(a) Provide the current and projected service area populations for 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045 and optionally 2050. System description 3-1 3.5.1
x x 3.4 Section 3.4.2 10631(a) Describe other social, economic, and demographic factors affecting the Supplier’s water management planning. System description n/a 3.5.2
x x 3.5 Section 3.5 10631(a)
Describe the land uses within the service area… include the current and projected land uses within the existing or anticipated service area affecting the Supplier’s water management planning. Describe the land uses within the service area.

System description and
baselines n/a 3.6
x Optional 4.2 Sections 4.2.3 and 4.2.4 10631(d)(1) Quantify past, current, and projected water use, identifying the uses among water use sectors.System water use 4-1 and 4-2 4.3.3, 4.3.5, and 4.3.6 x Optional 4.3 Section 4.3.1 10631(d)(3)(A) Report the distribution system water loss for each of the five years preceding the plan update.System water use 4-5 4.3.4 x n/a 4.3 Section 4.3.2 10631(d)(3)(C) Retail Suppliers shall provide data to show the distribution loss standards were met.System water use 4-6 4.3.4 x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.4 10631.1(a) Include projected water use needed for lower income housing projected in the service area of the Supplier. System water use 4-3 4.4
x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(A) In projected water use, include estimates of water savings from adopted codes, plans, and other policies or laws. System water use 4-3 4.5
x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(B) Provide citations of codes, standards, ordinances, or plans used to make water use projections.System water use 4-3 4.5 x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(B)(ii)
To the extent that a Supplier reports the information described in subparagraph (A), an urban water Supplier shall… Indicate the extent that the water use projections consider savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans. Water use projections that do not account for these water savings shall be noted of that fact.

System water use 4-3 4.5
x x 4.2 Section 4.2.5.6 10635(b) Demands under climate change considerations must be included as part of the drought risk assessment. System water use n/a 4.6
n/a x 5.1 Section 5.1 10608.36 Wholesale Suppliers shall include an assessment of present and proposed future measures, programs, and policies to help their Retail Suppliers achieve targeted water use reductions.Baselines and targets n/a Not Applicable x n/a 5.2 Section 5.2 10608.4
Retail Suppliers shall report on their compliance in meeting their water use targets. Reporting requirements will vary depending on whether the Supplier:
- Was considered an urban retail water supplier in 2020, - Met its 2020 target in 2020, or
- Was part of a merger or consolidation since 2020.

Chapter 5 Subsections 5.2.1, 5.2.2, and 5.2.3 address each of these situations.

Baselines and targets 5-1 Chapter 5
x x 6.1 Section 6.1 10631(b)(2) When multiple sources of water supply are identified, describe the management of each supply in relationship to other identified supplies. System supplies n/a 6.1 and 6.2 x x 6.1 Sections 6.1 and 6.2 10631(b)(1)
Provide a discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal, single dry year, and a drought lasting five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of drought, including changes in supply due to climate change.

System supplies n/a 6.9
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(C)
Indicate whether groundwater is an existing or planned source of water available to the Supplier. If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water… (include) a detailed description and analysis of the location, amount and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the Supplier for the past five years.

Water supplies and recycled
water 6-1 6.2
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(A)
Indicate whether a groundwater sustainability plan or groundwater management plan has been adopted by the Supplier or if there is any other specific authorization for groundwater management.

Include a copy of the plan or authorization.

System supplies n/a 6.2.2
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B) Describe the groundwater basin. System supplies n/a 6.2.1 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B) Indicate if the basin has been adjudicated and include a copy of the court order or decree and a description of the amount of water the Supplier has the legal right to pump. System supplies n/a 6.2.3 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B) For unadjudicated basins… (include) information as to whether DWR has identified the basin as a high- or medium-priority basin in the most current official departmental bulletin… Water supplies and recycled
water n/a 6.2.2
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B) For unadjudicated basins… describe efforts by the Supplier to coordinate with sustainability or groundwater agencies to achieve sustainable groundwater conditions.

Water supplies and recycled
water n/a 6.2.2
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2. 10631(b)(4)(C)
If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water… (include) a detailed description and analysis of the location, amount and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the Supplier for the past five years.

System supplies n/a 6.2.4
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(D) Provide a detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped. System supplies 6-9 6.2.5
x x 6.1 Section 6.1 10631(b) Identify and quantify the existing and planned sources of water available for 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045 and optionally 2050. System supplies 6-8 and 6-9 6.8 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.7 10631(c) Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short-term or long-term basis.System supplies n/a 6.6 x n/a 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(a) Describe the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the Supplier’s service area with quantified amount of collection and treatment and the disposal methods. System supplies (recycled water) 6-2 6.3 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(b) Describe the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is otherwise available for use in a recycled water project. System supplies (recycled water) 6-3 6.3.1 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(c) Describe the recycled water currently being used in the Supplier's service area. System supplies (recycled water) 6-4 6.3.2 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(d) Describe and quantify the potential uses of recycled water and provide a determination of the technical and economic feasibility of those uses. System supplies (recycled water) 6-4 6.3.3 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(e)
Describe the projected use of recycled water within the Supplier's service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and describe the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected.

System supplies (recycled water) 6-4 and 6-5 6.3.3
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(f) Describe the actions that may be taken to encourage the use of recycled water and the projected results of these actions in terms of acre-feet of recycled water used per year. System supplies (recycled water) 6-6 6.3.3 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(g) Provide a plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the Supplier's service area. System supplies (recycled water) n/a 6.3.3 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.6 10631(g) Describe desalinated water project opportunities for long-term supply. System supplies 6-7 6.5 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.10 10631(f)
Describe the expected future water supply projects and programs that may be undertaken by the water Supplier to address water supply reliability in average, single-dry, and for a period of drought lasting five consecutive water years.

System supplies 6-7 6.8
x x 6.3 Section 6.3 and Appendix O 10631.2(a) The UWMP must include energy information, as stated in the code, that a Supplier can readily obtain. System suppliers, energy intensity O-1A, O-1B, O-1C, and O-2 6.1
x 7.1 Section 7.1 10634 Provide information on the quality of existing sources of water available to the Supplier and the manner in which water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a 7.1
x x 7.2 Section 7.2 10635(a)
Service Reliability Assessment: Assess the water supply reliability during normal, dry, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years by comparing the total water supply sources available to the Supplier with the total projected water use over the next 20 years.

Water supply reliability
assessment 7-2, 7-3, and 7-4 7.2
x x 7.2 Section 7.2.3 10620(f) Describe water management tools and options to maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a 7.2.5
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b) Provide a drought risk assessment as part of information considered in developing the demand management measures and water supply projects.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a 7.3
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(1)
Include a description of the data, methodology, and basis for one or more supply shortage conditions that are necessary to conduct a drought risk assessment for a drought period that lasts five consecutive years.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a 7.3.1
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(2) Include a determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a 7.2.1
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(3) Include a comparison of the total water supply sources available to the Supplier with the total projected water use for the drought period.

Water supply reliability
assessment 7-5 7.2.1
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(4)
Include considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a 6.9, 7.1
x x 8 Chapter 8 10632(a) Provide a water shortage contingency plan (WSCP) with specified elements below. Water shortage contingency planning n/a Appendix F
x x 8 Chapter 8 10632(a)(1) Provide an analysis of water supply reliability (from Guidebook Chapter 7) in the WSCP. Water shortage contingency planning n/a Appendix J, Section 2
x x 8.2 Section 8.2 10632(a)(2)(A) Provide the written decision-making process and other methods that the Supplier will use each year to determine its water reliability.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a Appendix J, Section 3
x x 8.2 Section 8.2 10632(a)(2)(B) Provide data and methodology to evaluate the Supplier’s water reliability for the current year and one dry year pursuant to factors in the code.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a Appendix J, Section 3
x x 8.3 Section 8.3 10632(a)(3)(A)
Define six standard water shortage levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% shortage, and greater than 50% shortage. These levels shall be based on supply conditions, including percent reductions in supply, changes in groundwater levels, changes in surface elevation, or other conditions. The shortage levels shall also apply to a catastrophic interruption of supply.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a Appendix J, Section 4
x x 8.3 Section 8.3 10632(a)(3)(B) Suppliers with an existing WSCP that uses different water shortage levels must cross reference their categories with the six standard categories.

Water shortage contingency
planning 8-1 Appendix J, Section 4, Table 4-2
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(A) Suppliers with WSCPs that align with the defined shortage levels must specify locally appropriate supply augmentation actions.

Water shortage contingency
planning 8-2 Appendix J, Section 5.1
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(B) Specify locally appropriate demand reduction actions to adequately respond to shortages. Water shortage contingency planning 8-3 Appendix J, Section 5.2
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(C) Specify locally appropriate operational changes. Water shortage contingency planning 8-2 Appendix J, Section 5.2.5
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(D) Specify additional mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices that are in addition to State-mandated prohibitions are appropriate to local conditions.

Water shortage contingency
planning Table 8-3 Appendix J, Section 5.2.3
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(E) Estimate the extent to which the gap between supplies and demand will be reduced by implementation of the action.

Water shortage contingency
planning 8-2 and 8-3 Appendix J, Section 5.3
x x 8.4 Section 8.4.6 10632.5 The UWMP shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan. Water shortage contingency plan n/a Appendix J, Section 2.4.3 x x 8.5 Section 8.5 10632(a)(5)(A) Suppliers must describe that they will inform customers, the public and others regarding any current or predicted water shortages.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a Appendix J, Section 5.2.1
x x 8.5 Section 8.5 10632(a)(5)(B),
10632(a)(5)(C)
Suppliers must describe that they will inform customers, the public and others regarding any shortage response actions triggered or anticipated to be triggered and other relevant communications.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a Appendix J, Section 6
x n/a 8.6 Section 8.6 10632(a)(6) Retail Supplier must describe how it will ensure compliance with and enforce provisions of the WSCP. Water shortage contingency planning n/a Appendix J, Section 7
x x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(A) Describe the legal authority that empowers the Supplier to enforce shortage response actions. Water shortage contingency planning n/a Appendix J, Section 8
x x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(B) Provide a statement that the Supplier will declare a water shortage emergency per Water Code Chapter 3. Water Shortage Emergencies.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a Appendix J, Section 3.1
x x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(C) Provide a statement that the Supplier will coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water for the possible proclamation of a local emergency.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a Appendix J, Section 3.1
x x 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(A) Describe the potential revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a Appendix J, Section 9.1
x x 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(B) Provide a description of mitigation actions needed to address revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a Appendix J, Section 9
x n/a 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(C) Retail Suppliers must describe the cost of compliance with Water Code Chapter 3.3, Excessive Residential Water Use During Drought.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a Appendix J, Section 9
x n/a 8.9 Section 8.9 10632(a)(9)
Retail Suppliers must describe the monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data are collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a Appendix J, Section 10
x x 8.10 Section 8.10 10632(a)(10) Describe reevaluation and improvement procedures for monitoring and evaluation the WSCP to ensure risk tolerance is adequate and appropriate water shortage mitigation strategies are implemented.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a Appendix J, Section 10
x n/a 8.11 Section 8.11 10632(b) Analyze and define water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a Appendix J, Section 5.2.3.2
x x 8.12 Section 8.12 10632(c) Make available the WSCP to customers and any city or county where it provides water within 30 days after adoption of the plan.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a Appendix J, Section 12.4
x n/a 9.1 Sections 9.1 10631(e)(1)
Retail Suppliers shall provide a description of the nature and extent of each demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The description will address specific measures listed in code.

Demand management measures n/a 9.2
n/a x 9.2 Sections 9.2 10631(e)(2) Wholesale Suppliers shall describe specific demand management measures listed in code, their distribution system asset management program, and Supplier assistance program.Demand management measures n/a Not Applicable x n/a 10 Chapter 10 10608.26(a) Retail Suppliers shall conduct a public hearing to discuss adoption, implementation, and economic impact of water use targets (recommended to discuss compliance).

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a 10.3
x x 10.2 Section 10.2.1 10621(b)
Notify, at least 60 days prior to the public hearing, any city or county within which the Supplier provides water that the Supplier will be reviewing the UWMP and considering amendments or changes to the plan.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation 10-1 10.2.1
x x 10.4 Section 10.4 10621(f) Each urban water Supplier shall update and submit its 2025 plan to DWR by July 1, 2026. Plan adoption, submittal, and implementation n/a 10.4
x x 10.2 Sections 10.2.2, 10.3, and 10.5 10642
Provide supporting documentation that the Supplier made the UWMP and WSCP available for public inspection, published notice of the public hearing, and held a public hearing about the UWMP and WSCP.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a 10.2
x x 10.2 Section 10.2.2 10642 The Supplier is to provide the time and place of the hearing to any city or county within which the Supplier provides water.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation 10-1 10.2.1
x x 10.3 Section 10.3.2 10642 Provide supporting documentation that the UWMP and WSCP has been adopted as prepared or modified.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a 10.3
x x 10.4 Section 10.4 10644(a) Provide supporting documentation that the Supplier has submitted their UWMP to the California State Library.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a 10.4
x x 10.4 Section 10.4 10644(a)(1) Provide supporting documentation that the Supplier has submitted their UWMP to any city or county within which the Supplier provides water no later than 30 days after adoption.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a 10.4
x x 10.4 Sections 10.4.1 and 10.4.2 10644(a)(2) The UWMP, or amendments to the UWMP, submitted to DWR shall be submitted electronically. Plan adoption, submittal, and implementation n/a 10.4
x x 10.7 Section 10.7.2 10644(b) If revised, submit a copy of the WSCP to DWR within 30 days of adoption. Plan adoption, submittal, and implementation n/a 10.6
x x 10.5 Section 10.5 10645(a) Provide supporting documentation that, not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its UWMP with DWR, the Supplier has or will make the plan available for public review during normal business hours.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a 10.5
x x 10.5 Section 10.5 10645(b) Provide supporting documentation that, not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its WSCP with DWR, the Supplier has or will make the plan available for public review during normal business hours.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a 10.5
x x 10.6 Section 10.6 10621(c) If Supplier is regulated by the Public Utilities Commission, include its plan and contingency plan as part of its general rate case filings.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a Not Applicable

woodardcurran.com

Santa Rosa City CouncilJune 16, 2026

Santa Rosa City Council
June 16, 2026