— Santee City Council, May 14, 2025 (part 3 of 3)

The landslide debris varies from dense sandstone/claystone blocks to a variable mixture of intensely sheared and pulverized claystone breccia suspended in a stiff clay matrix. Highly disturbed cobble clay mixtures resembling debris flow materials have also been encountered and are known to exist within graben zones.

The majority of the landslides appear to have occurred along inherently weak, previously sheared, low-angle, pre-existing bedding plane shears as part of a weak, thinly laminated claystone within the Friars Formation. This is suggested by the relatively uniform, near-horizontal slip surfaces typically observed along the base of the landslides, and because of the general correlation within exploratory borings at which bedding plane shears are present within the Friars Formation outside the limits of the landslides at the same elevation as the landslide basil shear zone. Further discussion of this correlation and an apparent regional zone of bedding plane shears within the Friars Formation are discussed in the Geologic Structure section of this report.

In general, new developments should be planned to avoid or mitigate ancient landslide deposits, where possible. Where landslide materials are present below proposed fill embankments, or exposed in cut slopes or building pad areas, remedial grading is often required to properly buttress the existing landslides or proposed slopes. Some landslides will require complete removal, while other landslides will only require partial removals of the loose and compressible portions to be replaced with new compacted fills. Localized areas of deeper removals may be required in looser graben zones and/or more pulverized portions of the landslides. Still other landslides will require only minor processing of the surficial materials prior to placing fill embankments. Slope stability analyses of landslide materials are typically included in geotechnical reports.

Cut slopes exposing landslide materials or basil slip planes, or areas where basal slip surfaces occur near finish grade, typically require stabilization by construction of stability fills, drained earthen buttresses, shear keys, shear pins or other means. A discussion of slope stability issues is presented in the Geologic Hazard section of this report.

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5.2.8 Older Alluvium (Qoa)
Older alluvial flood-plain deposits of Pleistocene-age exist within former flood-plain areas and are exposed at the surface between the younger alluvial deposits and formational sedimentary or rock units. The older alluvium was deposited during previous geologic stream flow events with the soils typically consolidated by burial, cemented, and subsequently eroded to current valley floor elevations.

These deposits are generally located within the flatter portions of the valleys and consist of slightly cemented, clayey sands with little gravel and cobble. These materials are generally dense to very dense and do not possess a potential for liquefaction or significant settlement.

5.2.9 Stadium Conglomerate (Tst) and Pomerado Conglomerate (Tp) The Stadium Conglomerate (middle to late Eocene age) occurs throughout the southwestern, central, and northern parts of the City. The Pomerado Conglomerate has a limited extent and is located in the northern portion of the City. These geologic units have similar characteristics and are difficult to distinguish between each other unless separated by the Mission Valley Formation. However, the Mission Valley Formation is not present within the City limits, and therefore, the Pomerado Conglomerate conformably overlies the Stadium Conglomerate above an elevation of roughly 1,000 feet MSL. The Stadium Conglomerate conformably overlies the Friars Formation at elevations ranging from approximately 610 to 1,000 feet MSL. The inferred thickness of this deposit within the City varies from approximately 40 feet when eroded to an estimated 375 feet on less eroded ridgelines.

Geomorphically, the Stadium Conglomerate forms characteristic resistant, dissected ridges within the upper elevations of the City. Localized, steeply eroded scars occur within this formation where debris flows originated at the head of tributary canyons.

The Stadium Conglomerate generally consists of dense to very dense, slightly cemented, sandy to clayey, gravel and cobble conglomerate with interbedded silty sandstone. The cobble content of the Stadium Conglomerate can sometimes be up to about 60 percent with diameters up to 24 inches. The Stadium Conglomerate is regionally part of the upper Eocene Poway Geologic Group that also includes the Mission Valley Formation and Pomerado Conglomerate.

Moderate to very heavy excavation effort should be anticipated during grading and trenching within the Stadium Conglomerate due to its cementation and high cobble size and percentage and randomly occurring highly cemented zones. Cut or fill slopes composed of the Stadium Conglomerate generally possess adequate slope stability characteristics.

5.2.10 Friars Formation (Tfr)
The Friars Formation was deposited on an irregular erosion surface formed on the crystalline basement rock of the Southern California Batholith. The Friars Formation may be observed overlying granitic rocks in the southern and north-central parts of the City. This unit generally occupies the gentler, Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 March 29, 2021
lower portions of valley slopes below elevations ranging from 600 to 700 feet MSL depending on the locality. The age of the Friars Formation is considered to be middle to late Eocene-age based on vertebrate fossil evidence (Kennedy and Moore, 1971). In the southwestern portion of the City, this unit is exposed between Cuyamaca Street and the eastern base of Cowles Mountain and throughout the northern part of the City except the most northeasterly section.

Numerous large, ancient landslides occur within the Friars Formation. These are discussed in detail in the Geologic Hazards section of this study. The Friars Formation consists of relatively flat-lying lagoonal and alluvial claystone, sandstone, and conglomerate units. Specifically, weak, waxy claystone, and thinly laminated siltstone/claystone, sandstone, and conglomerate occur in the northern undeveloped portion of Santee below an approximate elevation of 610 to 630 feet MSL. Translational landslides are common throughout areas underlain by this geologic formation. Most of these landslides are remnants of wetter climatic conditions that occurred in late Pleistocene to early Holocene time (last 30,000 years).

As seen in the undeveloped area of Santee (see Figure 4), the Friars Formation comprises a relatively continuous sequence of characteristic subunits consisting of thinly bedded sandstone/siltstone, underlain by relatively thin lenses of gravel/cobble conglomerate, which are in turn underlain by massive sandstone. A generally weak, fractured, waxy claystone unit containing abundant bedding plane shear zones underlies this sequence. It is likely the inherently weak nature of this basal claystone unit in combination with the presence of pre-existing shear zones is the causation of landsliding and landslide-prone hillsides.

With the exception of the sandstone, and portions of the conglomeratic facies, soils derived from the Friars Formation typically possesses a “medium” to “high” expansion potential (expansion index of 51 to 130) and relatively low shear strength. Portions of the Friars Formation possess a “very high” expansion potential (expansion index of greater than 130) and require specialized grading and foundation recommendations. Where exposed in cut slopes, the claystone facies of the Friars Formation can be prone to surficial instability, and often requires stabilization measures. Bedrock creep zones and areas of deeply weathered material also exist in the Friars Formation. During development, where weak, waxy, or highly weathered portions of this unit are exposed in embankments and/or “toe key” areas of proposed fill slopes; deeper remedial grading is typically required to provide a competent surface to support embankments.

Bedding plane shears are relatively common within the Friars Formation and are significant in that they represent inherent planes of weakness within the formation. Bedding plane shears have recently also been called Bedding Parallel Shears by Hart, 2020 (see reference). As the term implies, these shear zones are typically parallel to the bedding and are characterized by thin seams of very soft, wet, Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 March 29, 2021
remolded plastic clay. During development, where the shears are anticipated to “daylight” in cut slopes, stabilization measures such as drained stability fills, buttresses and/or shear pins are necessary.

5.2.11 Granitic Rock (Kgu, Kgh, Kgr, Kt) and Santiago Peak Volcanics (Ksp, Mzu) Cretaceous-age granitic rocks have a wide variety of compositions based on the percentage of quartz, plagioclase and mafic mineralogy. Granitic rock also has a wide range of weathering and can vary from highly weathered decomposed granitic soils to hard fresh rock. Granitic rock can be classified as quartz-diorite, tonalite and granodiorite with their finer-grained equivalents occurring in some areas.

The granitic rocks that are deeply weathered can form extensive deposits of residuum or decomposed granitic rock that are locally mined for DG soils. The less weathered, more resistant rock has been utilized in the past as quarry stone and can be observed as large, rounded boulders on the hills east of Gillespie Field, near Carlton Oaks Golf Course, on Cowles Mountain and the eastern part of the City.

These hard rock units would require blasting prior to excavation and would require specialized grading techniques.

Santiago Peak Volcanic rock also called Mesozoic Metavolcanic rock from the lower Cretaceous and upper Jurassic Geologic Period is exposed in limited areas on the southwest corner and east portion of the City.

5.3 Geologic Structure
Bedding within the Eocene-age sediments is nearly horizontal or gently dipping. In general, strata within the Friars Formation and Stadium Conglomerate units dip very gently at inclinations of less than 5 degrees to the west and southwest. On the northern, undeveloped portion of the City, the Friars Formation/Stadium Conglomerate contact dips generally south-southwest, and varies in elevation from approximately 610 to 630 MSL. Locally, bedding dip directions may vary, or even reverse, depending on configuration of ancient buried topography or other geologic structures. High-angle depositional contacts are also common locally between the sedimentary formations and underlying granitic rocks.

A high percentage of bedding plane shears and weak claystone materials were found to occur within this relatively narrow elevation range. A similar, less prominent grouping of shear zones was observed at other elevations within the Friars Formation. The elevations at which bedding plane shears occur in bedrock material, and the elevation of basal slip surfaces in landslide areas are generally similar. This correlation has been observed on other projects in San Diego County where the Friars Formation is present.

Regionally, the marine terraces within coastal plain westerly of the Peninsular Ranges is underlain by flat-lying sediments with a few notable exceptions occurring near the coast. In the City of San Diego to the west of Santee, the terraces are broken in many areas by Tertiary and Pleistocene-age active and Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 March 29, 2021
potentially active faults. In Santee, however, there are no known active or potentially active faults (movement within the last 1.8 million years) which cut Pleistocene-aged materials nor are there any known major faults which cut Eocene or Cretaceous-age rocks.

Bedding plane shears or more recently called bedding parallel shears (a term applied to minor shears within parallel bedding surfaces) are common in the Friars Formation and are believed to be a significant factor in landsliding processes, both in the geologic past, and at present. These features do not represent a seismic hazard; however, they are a significant geotechnical consideration in the analysis of slope and landslide stability.

6. GEOLOGIC HAZARDS
This section presents a discussion of the potential geologic hazards anticipated in the study area.

Included is a discussion of landslides and potential slope instability as a result of reactivated ancient landslides, bedding plane shears, and weak claystone beds of the Friars Formation. A general description of the mechanism of landsliding and the locations of ancient landslides are also presented.

Additional or lesser hazards within the area such as mud flows or debris flows, colluvial soils, and others are discussed. A discussion of groundwater and seepage related problems is also presented.

6.1 Ancient Landslides/Slope Stability
A landslide is defined as a mass movement of earth occurring below the limits of the soil mantle caused by shear failure along one or several surfaces. Ancient landslides have been dated by radiocarbon methods as being 8 to 30 thousand years old in the southern California area by Stout (1969) and others. They are believed to have occurred primarily as a response of weak claystones exposed to intense rainfall causing high water table conditions in slopes during late Pleistocene and early Holocene time.

Landslides occur throughout the area underlain by the Friars Formation. The approximate locations of known or suspected landslides are shown on the Geologic Map and the Geotechnical/Seismic Hazard Map, Figures 1 and 2, respectively. The largest of the ancient landslides are typically 1,000 to 1,500 feet in width and length (as in Carlton Hills and Fletcher Hills) and extend to depths of 20 to 100 feet below the ground surface. Landslide complexes or clusters of more than one individual slide component are common in the Fanita Ranch and Fletcher Hills regions. Figure 4 presents a characteristic geologic section of the Santee area typically prone to landsliding.

The reactivation of ancient landslides and the creation of new landslides have been most commonly caused by grading activities, a rise in groundwater level in a slide area, or areas containing bedding plane shears, or by seismic activity. Identification of slide prone areas through detailed geotechnical studies is of primary importance in predicting future slope failure and landslides. The most common method of Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 March 29, 2021
stabilizing landslides and landslide prone areas is through remedial grading or buttressing and installation of subdrains and drainage panels to reduce the potential for buildup of excessive hydrostatic pressures. Other development options may include structural setbacks or stabilizing shear pins.

The landslide areas within the City can usually be mitigated using generally accepted remedial grading techniques and buttresses. These techniques may consist of partial or complete removal and compaction of the deposits, or stabilizing them with earthen buttresses, shear keys, stability fills or other means such as shear pins or retaining structures. Similar remedial grading procedures could be required where landslides are not present but where weak claystone beds, bedding plane shears, or thick surficial soil deposits are encountered. Such areas should be generally limited to where the Friars Formation will be exposed in cut slopes.

Reactivation of ancient landslides have been responsible for either partial or complete loss of 20 to 30 homes in the Santee area. Geotechnical firms that possess experience in landslide evaluation and stabilization should evaluate the potential for additional loss in areas already developed when building additions are proposed.

6.2 Debris Flow Deposits
A debris flow is a rapid downslope movement of saturated soil and near surface rock debris.

Numerous debris flows or mudflows have occurred within the Stadium Conglomerate. The locations of some of the larger flows identified are shown on Figure 2.

The debris flows or mudflows are initiated near the crests of very steep ridges underlain by Stadium Conglomerate and probably occur as a result of high intensity rainfall. As the near surface soils become saturated and pore water pressure increases, the soils lose strength and fail relatively rapidly to form a river of mud and rock with considerable destructive power. These deposits consist of the accumulation of topsoil, colluvium and debris derived from formational “parent material” near the base of moderate to steep slopes caused by rapid flow of saturated near-surface soils.

The physical appearance of these features indicates that they are relatively young compared to the ancient landslides. Most appear to be only a few hundred years old or less and are easily eroded. While the causes of debris flows are generally well understood, specific details concerning these events make them difficult to predict. Several well-formed debris flows can be observed on the north side of Highway 52 west of the City. High rainfall, loss of vegetation cover through fire or other causes, and the steepness of the slope appear to be the main causative factors.

The primary difference, in terms of the potential for activation, between ancient landslides and debris flows is that, by definition, debris flows do not possess a basal slip surface. Thus, they are much less Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 March 29, 2021
likely than ancient landslides to become reactivated by grading. In areas of proposed development, mitigation of debris flow deposits is typically similar to that for alluvium and colluvium, and the presence of these materials are not likely to significantly affect development unless directed toward the boundary of the site.

6.3 Groundwater and Seepage
Groundwater and seepage conditions are significant factors in assessing engineering and geologic hazards.

Groundwater is typically found in the deep alluvial drainage areas (such as the San Diego River and Sycamore Creek) but may also be found in shallower drainages as a result of storm water infiltration (such as the Santee Lakes area). Because of fluctuating water levels in a given area, as a result of seasonal variations in surface water runoff, the prediction of groundwater occurrence is difficult.

Seepage is typically the result of a groundwater table or perched water, either seasonal or permanent, being exposed. However, some man-made seepage conditions can develop in rural areas downslope of septic systems. Seepage conditions in slopes, either graded or natural, are usually the result of water flowing at the contact between materials of widely different permeabilities with the water perched on an underlying, less permeable layer. When the water flow encounters a slope face, it is manifested as seepage.

In addition to the nuisance caused by minor seepage from new slopes in residential areas, groundwater and seepage caused by excess irrigation are a major contributing factor to landsliding in San Diego County, especially in the reactivation of old landslides. As pore pressures rise along an old slip surface as a result of rainfall or heavy landscape irrigation, the factor of safety against sliding will decrease.

The potential for groundwater and seepage conditions should be addressed in geotechnical reports submitted to the City for new developments and improvements. Procedures for mitigation for the water related problems, such as canyon subdrains and proper grading procedures, should also be addressed.

Groundwater conditions typically increase as a result of development primarily due to increased irrigation.

Groundwater related problems may develop in areas where no problem was previously evident.

Perched groundwater or seepage has been encountered during previous investigations in the City of Santee within alluvial drainages, hillside areas and landslide zones. The groundwater/seepage in drainage courses is presumed to be associated with surface runoff of rainwater along the natural watershed. Subdrain systems are often necessary in areas of proposed development to intercept and convey seepage migrating along impervious strata. In particular the main drainages, stability/buttress fill areas, and possibly where impervious layers daylight near the ultimate graded surface, typically require subdrains. Specific subdrain locations and design details should be provided with the detailed grading plans for the site. Seepage conditions also occur in bedrock materials, and at the base of landslide areas perched on relatively impervious strata within the Friars Formation and ancient Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 March 29, 2021
landslide deposits. Additionally, relatively minor natural surface seeps were observed in the northern portion of the city at the Friars Formation/Stadium Conglomerate contact. The existing perched groundwater levels in alluvial areas can be expected to fluctuate seasonally and may affect remedial grading.

7. SEISMIC HAZARDS
This section presents a discussion of the seismic hazards anticipated to affect the City of Santee.

Seismic hazards are caused by earthquake-induced ground shaking, specifically, liquefaction potential and seismically-induced settlement and landsliding. A discussion of local and regional faulting and its impact on the City of Santee is also presented. Although not strictly a seismically related hazard, a brief discussion of flooding as a result of dam failure is also included in this section.

7.1 Local and Regional Faulting and Associated Ground Shaking Seismic hazards pertain to threats to life and property caused by earthquake-induced ground shaking.

Based on current maps prepared by the State of California and local geology maps, active or potentially active faults are not known to occur within or adjacent to the City of Santee. However, the City is similar to all other areas in California in that it is subject to periodic seismic shaking due to earthquakes along remote or regional active faults.

A review of geologic literature indicates that there are no known active or potentially active faults crossing the city. An active fault is defined by the California Geological Survey (CGS) as a fault showing evidence for activity within the last 11,700 years. The Rose Canyon/Newport Inglewood Fault Zone, located approximately 10 miles west of the City of Santee, is the closest known active fault. The CGS has included portions of this Fault Zone within the State of California (Alquist-Priolo) Earthquake Fault Zone. Currently, restrictions on development due to faulting (i.e., fault setback zones) related to the State of California requirements are not present in the City of Santee.

Considerations important in seismic design include the frequency and duration of motion and the soil conditions underlying the site. Seismic design of structures should be evaluated in accordance with the most recent applicable California Building Code (CBC) guidelines currently adopted by the local agency.

The USGS has developed a program to evaluate the approximate location of faulting in the area of properties. The following figure shows the location of the existing faulting in the San Diego County and Southern California region. The fault traces are shown as solid, dashed and dotted that represent well-constrained, moderately constrained and inferred, respectively. The fault line colors represent faults with ages less than 150 years (red), 15,000 years (orange), 130,000 years (green), 750,000 years (blue) and 1.6 million years (black).

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Faults in Southern California
The County of San Diego and Southern California region is seismically active. The following figure presents the occurrence of earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 2.5 from the period of 1900 through 2015 according to the Bay Area Earthquake Alliance website. The occurrence of earthquakes are generally aligned along active faults.

Earthquakes in Southern California
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The 2020 Earthquake Engineering Research Institute’s (EERI) publication (see references) includes earthquake planning scenario maps. These maps include seismic intensity distributions, location of schools, fire stations, government and healthcare facilities, and impact scenario maps to water and wastewater systems, electrical power systems, transportation systems, fuel transportation systems, and federal infrastructure that are located within the City of Santee and San Diego County in general.

7.1.1 Seismic Design Criteria
The California Building Code (CBC) establishes the seismic design criteria for site-specific analysis.

At the time of this report, the 2019 CBC (based on the 2018 International Building Code [IBC] and ASCE 7-16), Chapter 16 Structural Design, Section 1613 Earthquake Loads is the latest adopted standard.

Proposed developments and improvements should be designed using the applicable design procedures outlined in the current versions of the CBC and ASCE 7 documents (or other applicable design guidelines). The following tables include the estimated peak ground accelerations in accordance with the 2019 CBC seismic design criteria. Four locations are selected within the City of Santee to evaluate the general estimated ground accelerations as shown in Table 7.1.1.

TABLE 7.1.1

SELECTED SITES WITHIN THE CITY OF SANTEE FOR GROUND ACCELERATION ESTIMATES Site
Directional
Area of the
City
Closest Street Locations Site Latitude
(Degrees)
Site Longitude
(Degrees)
1 NW Cadwell Road & Lasso Way 32.869663 -116.993656
2 NE Oak Creek Drive & Ohana Way 32.896980 -116.957457
3 SW Willowgrove Avenue & Willowgrove Court 32.842774 -116.994441 4 SE Magnolia Avenue & Cottonwood Avenue 32.847362 -116.970412 The computer program U.S. Seismic Design Maps, provided by the Structural Engineers Association (SEA) was used to estimate the ground accelerations assuming a risk category of II. The Site Classes evaluated are based on the discussion in Section 1613.2.2 of the 2019 California Building Code (CBC), Table 20.3-1 of ASCE 7-16, and on the varying geologic units across the City of Santee.

Table 7.1.2 presents the site class designations.

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TABLE 7.1.2

SITE CLASSIFICATION
Site
Class Soil Type Shear Wave Velocity, vS (Feet/Second)
Blow Counts (N
Values)
Undrained Shear
Strength, SU (psf)
A Hard Rock 5,000+ NA NA
B Rock 2,500 to 5,000 NA NA
C Very Dense Soil
and Soft Rock 1,200 to 2,500 50+ 2,000+
D Stiff Soil 600 to 1,200 15 to 50 1,000 to 2,000
E
Soft Clay Soil Less Than 600 Less Than 15 Less Than 1,000 Plasticity Index 20+ / Moisture Content 40%+ / SU<500
F Liquefiable Soil Site Response Analysis Required
Table 7.1.3 presents the estimated Mapped MCEG Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA in accordance with ASCE 7-16, Figure 22-7), Site Coefficient, (FPGA in accordance with ASCE 7-16, Table 11.8-1) and the Site Class Modified MCEG Peak Ground Acceleration (PGAM in accordance with ASCE 7-16, Section 11.8.3 – Eqn 11.8-1).

TABLE 7.1.3

ESTIMATED PEAK GROUND ACCELERATIONS
Site Mapped MCEG Peak
Ground Acceleration (PGA)
Site
Class
Site Coefficient
(FPGA)
Site Class Modified MCEG Peak
Ground Acceleration (PGAM)
1 0.332g
A 0.8 0.265g
B 0.9 0.299g
C 1.2 0.399g
D 1.268 0.421g
2 0.335g
A 0.8 0.268g
B 0.9 0.301g
C 1.2 0.402g
D 1.265 0.423g
3 0.331g
C 1.2 0.398g
D 1.269 0.42g
E 1.537 0.51g
4 0.329g
C 1.2 0.395g
D 1.271 0.418g
E 1.542 0.507g
The estimated PGAM across the city of Santee ranges from 0.265g to 0.51g as listed in Table 7.1.3.

Table A-4 (Appendix A) lists the Modified Mercalli Intensity (Damage) Scale. This scale. composes of increasing levels of intensity with corresponding expected levels of damage based on the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and the surrounding built environment. Based on Table A-4, that range Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 March 29, 2021
categorizes the city to expect an intensity value VII: Damage slight in specially designed structures, considerable in ordinary substantial buildings, with partial collapse, great in poorly built structures; panel walls thrown out of frame structures; fall of chimneys, factory stacks, columns, monuments, walls; heavy furniture overturned; sand and mud ejected in small amounts; changes in well water; persons driving motor cars disturbed.

7.2 Soil Liquefaction
Liquefaction typically occurs when a site is located in a zone with seismic activity, onsite soils are cohesionless or silt/clay with low plasticity, groundwater is encountered within 50 feet of the surface and soil densities are less than about 70 percent of the maximum dry densities. If the four previous criteria are met, a seismic event could result in a rapid pore water pressure increase from the earthquake-generated ground accelerations.

Within the City of Santee, the soil deposits that may be susceptible to liquefaction are the young alluvial soils found in the San Diego River and its deeper tributary channels such as Sycamore Creek. The general extent of the liquefaction-susceptible materials is shown on Geotechnical/Seismic Hazard Map, Figure 2. Although the major deposits of alluvial soils have been shown on Figure 2 as being susceptible to liquefaction, some areas may have a water table sufficiently deep or may have particular soil conditions that result in a very low potential for liquefaction based on the anticipated maximum intensity of shaking for the area. In general, for deposits with a water table below a depth of 50 feet, a seismic event would have to be especially strong for liquefaction to occur and, therefore, these deposits will have a low potential for liquefaction as a result of the maximum events anticipated. The evaluation of liquefaction should be performed on a project specific basis by the geotechnical engineer of record.

Liquefaction-related distress could range from small, localized areas, wherein specially designed structures may experience damage; to liquefaction covering a large area, resulting in lateral movement of the nearsurface deposits and subsequent heavy damage to any affected structures. The potential risk to a structure should be evaluated whenever development is proposed in a liquefaction susceptible area. Liquefaction studies should conform to the recommendations of the 2008 CGS Special Publication 117A titled Guidelines for Evaluating and Mitigating Seismic Hazards in California or other approved publications.

Sand boils occur where liquefiable soil is extruded upward through the soil deposit to the ground surface. Providing an increase in overburden pressure and a compacted fill mat can mitigate surface manifestation. Proposed projects that possess a potential for liquefaction should also include an evaluation of the likelihood of sand boils.

Lateral spreading occurs when liquefiable soil is in the immediate vicinity of a free face such as a slope.

Factors controlling lateral displacement include earthquake magnitude, distance from the earthquake Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 March 29, 2021
epicenter, thickness of liquefiable soil layer, grain size characteristics, fines content of the soil and SPT blow counts. Lateral spreading should be evaluated on projects where liquefaction potential exists.

The mitigation of potential hazards due to liquefaction can be accomplished by the densification or removal of the potentially liquefiable soil or the use of foundation systems that still provide acceptable structural support should liquefaction occur. Soil densification can be accomplished by compaction grouting, vibrocompaction, soil mixing, and deep dynamic compaction (among others). Soil densification is generally used to increase the density and provide liquefaction mitigation of sensitive soil to relatively shallow depths over large areas. Deep foundation systems may be used to transmit structural loads to bearing depths below the liquefiable zones and may consist of driven piles or drilled piles. Deep foundations are designed to mitigate damage to the structures supported on the piles; however, they do not generally reduce the potential for damage to underground utilities and peripheral site improvements. The effects of differential settlement between rigid structures and attached settlement-sensitive surface improvements can be mitigated by designing the utilities to accommodate differential movement at the connections.

7.3 Seismically-Induced Settlement
Settlement due to seismic shaking can occur on sites if liquefaction potential exists or not (e.g. loose sands). As with the susceptibility to liquefaction, the soils most susceptible to seismically-induced settlement within the Santee area are the loose alluvial soils of the San Diego River and its tributaries.

The limits of these soils are indicated on Figure 2 as soils susceptible to liquefaction. Site-specific studies should be performed in these areas to evaluate the settlement potential during anticipated maximum seismic events.

7.4 Seismically-Induced Landslides and Rock Falls
Seismically induced landslides and rock falls are common in areas of high seismicity near the earthquake source. Over 11,000 such landslides occurred during the 1994 Northridge earthquake and mostly occurred in the mountains surrounding the Santa Clara River Valley. Seismically-induced landslide and rock fall studies should be performed in accordance with current and applicable design standards (e.g. CGS, 2008).

7.5 Tsunamis and Seiches
A tsunami is a series of long period waves generated in the ocean by a sudden displacement of large volumes of water. Causes of tsunamis include underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or offshore slope failures. Wave heights and run-up elevations from tsunamis along the San Diego Coast have historically fallen within the normal range of the tides. The City of Santee is not included within a high-risk tsunami hazard area due to the elevation and distance from the Pacific Ocean.

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A seiche is a run-up of water within a lake or embayment triggered by fault- or landslide-induced ground displacement. Seiches may be a hazard when located adjacent to the bodies of water within the City of Santee limits. Site-specific evaluations and discussions would be required for proposed site developments located adjacent to the inland bodies of water.

7.6 Inundation Due to Dam Failure
The central portion of the City of Santee is located in the San Diego River Valley downstream of three major dams in San Diego County. These include the San Vicente Dam, the El Capitan Dam, and the Chet Harritt Dam (Lake Jennings Reservoir). The Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) San Diego Chapter’s publication San Diego Earthquake Planning Scenario, Magnitude 6.9 on the Rose Canyon Fault Zone expects these dams to remain in service due to recent seismic retrofit and their distance from any major active faults. A seismic stability analysis, reviewed by the California Department of Water Resources, Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD), establishes the operating requirements to properly and safely operate the dam. The DSOD and the County of San Diego classify these dams as possessing an “extremely high” downstream hazard and “high” hazard rating, respectively.

The San Vicente Dam is a concrete gravity structure located approximately 3½ miles northeast of the City.

The dam was originally constructed in 1943 with a capacity of 90,200 acre-feet and then raised an additional 117 vertical feet in 2016 using roller-compacted concrete, expanding its capacity to 245,000 acre-feet.

The El Capitan Dam is a hydraulically-filled earth structure located approximately 9 miles east of Santee. It has a capacity of 112,800 acre-feet and was built in 1934.

The Chet Harritt Dam (Lake Jennings) is an earth-filled dam located approximately 3 miles east of Santee. Lake Jennings, which is retained by the dam, has approximately 9,790 acre-feet of capacity.

The dam was built in 1962 and was constructed by procedures to resist seismic damage.

Studies of the potential for, or the consequences of dam failure are beyond the scope of this study.

Information regarding dam failure risk can be found in the County of San Diego’s “MultiJurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan” dated Maps prepared by the DSOD showing areas of inundation in the event of dam failure can be found online. The inundation limits for each of the three dams located upstream of the City of Santee have been reproduced on the Dam Inundation Map included herein (See Figure 3). The inundation map for the Chet Harritt (Lake Jennings) Dam was generated on October 19, 2018; the El Capitan Dam map was generated on March 15, 2019; and the San Vicente map was generated on May 13, 2020. Information concerning the safety of these dams, which is reviewed annually by the DSOD may be obtained from that department. In addition, Annex Q of the County of San Diego’s Office of Emergency Services’ “Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan” outlines the evacuation procedures in the event of a dam failure.

Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 March 29, 2021

LIMITATIONS AND UNIFORMITY OF CONDITIONS

1. The findings of this report pertain only to the City of Santee area and are based on the assumption that the soil conditions do not deviate from those disclosed herein. If any variations or undesirable conditions are encountered during future studies, we should be notified so that supplemental discussion can be provided, as necessary. The evaluation or identification of the potential presence of hazardous or corrosive materials was not part of the scope of services provided by Geocon Incorporated.

2. This report is issued with the understanding that it is the responsibility of the owner or his representative to ensure that the information contained herein are brought to the attention of the architect and engineer for the project and incorporated into the plans. The property owners and developers should evaluate their projects on a site-specific basis. This report should not be relied upon for design recommendations for proposed developments. This report should be considered a general guideline

3. The findings of this report are valid as of the present date. However, changes in the conditions of an area can occur with the passage of time, whether they be due to natural processes or the works of man on this or adjacent properties. In addition, changes in applicable or appropriate standards may occur, whether they result from legislation or the broadening of knowledge.

Accordingly, the findings of this report may be invalidated wholly or partially by changes outside our control. Therefore, this report is subject to review and should not be relied upon after a period of 10 years.

Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water

SAN DIEGO RIVER

FORRESTER CREEK
T15S
T14S

CITY OF

SANTEE LIMITS
6960 FLANDERS DRIVE - SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92121 - 2974 PHONE 858 558-6900 - FAX 858 558-6159 SHEET OF
PROJECT NO.

SCALE DATE
FIGURE
Plotted:03/29/2021 1:41PM | By:RUBEN AGUILAR | File Location:Y:\PROJECTS\G2647-52-01 Santee Seismic Safety Study\SHEETS\G2647-52-01 SanteeSeismicSafetyStudy-GeologicMap.dwg

GEOTECHNICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
1" =

GEOLOGIC MAP

CITY OF SANTEE SEISMIC SAFETY STUDY

SANTEE, CALIFORNIA
1,500' 03 - 29 - 2021
G2647 - 52 - 01
1 1 1
LEGEND
........LANDSLIDE DEPOSITS
........YOUNG ALLUVIAL FLOOD-PLAIN DEPOSITS
........ALLUVIAM AND COLLUVIUM, UNDIVIDED
........OLD ALLUVIAL FLOOD-PLAIN DEPOSITS, UNDIVIDED
........POMERADO CONGLOMERATE
........MISSION VALLEY FORMATION
........STADIUM CONGLOMERATE
........FRIARS FORMATION
........LUSARDI FORMATION
........GRANODIORITE AND TONALITE, UNDIVIDED
........HYPABYSSAL ROCKS, UNDIVIDED
........GRANITOID ROCKS
........SANTIAGO PEAK VOLCANICS
........TONALITE, UNDIVIDED
........METAMORPHOSED AND UNMETAMORPHOSED

VOLCANIC AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS, UNDIVIDED
........GEOLOGIC CONTACT
SOURCES: THIS DATA WAS CREATED AND COMPILED BY CALIFORNIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

THE GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION MADE AVAILABLE FOR DISPLAY WAS PROVIDED BY GOOGLE EARTH, SUBJECT TO A LICENSING AGREEMENT. THE INFORMATION IS FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY; IT IS NOT INTENDED FOR CLIENT'S USE OR RELIANCE AND SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED BY CLIENT. CLIENT

SHALL INDEMNIFY, DEFEND AND HOLD HARMLESS GEOCON FROM ANY LIABILITY INCURRED AS A RESULT OF SUCH USE OR RELIANCE BY CLIENT.

Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water

SAN DIEGO RIVER

FORRESTER CREEK
T15S
T14S

CITY OF

SANTEE LIMITS
Santee
Lakes
WINTER

GARDENS

LAKESIDE
FARMS

RIVERVIEW
FARMS

LAKEVIEW
SANTEE

RIVERWALK

GILLESPIE
FIELD

SKY RANCH
Eucalyptus Hills

BOSTONIA
Mast Blvd
N Magnolia Ave
N Marshall Ave
Mission Gorge Rd
Prospect Ave
N Magnolia Ave
Riverside Dr
Carlton Oaks Dr
San Diego River
Mast Blvd
Weld Blvd
Cuyamaca St
Woodside Ave
6960 FLANDERS DRIVE - SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92121 - 2974 PHONE 858 558-6900 - FAX 858 558-6159 SHEET OF
PROJECT NO.

SCALE DATE
FIGURE
Plotted:03/29/2021 1:43PM | By:RUBEN AGUILAR | File Location:Y:\PROJECTS\G2647-52-01 Santee Seismic Safety Study\SHEETS\G2647-52-01 SanteeSeismicSafetyStudy-GeotechnicalHazMap.dwg

GEOTECHNICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
1" =

GEOTECHNICAL/SEISMIC HAZARD MAP

CITY OF SANTEE SEISMIC SAFETY STUDY

SANTEE, CALIFORNIA
1,500' 03 - 29 - 2021
G2647 - 52 - 01
1 1 2
?
........APPROX. LOCATION OF GEOLOGIC CONTACT-LANDSLIDES/ DEBRIS FLOW (C2, D1, D2)
........APPROX. DIRECTION OF LANDSLIDE MOVEMENT
........POSSIBLE LANDSLIDE
LEGEND
........LANDSLIDE DEPOSITS
........YOUNG ALLUVIAL FLOOD-PLAIN DEPOSITS
........ALLUVIAM AND COLLUVIUM, UNDIVIDED
........OLD ALLUVIAL FLOOD-PLAIN DEPOSITS, UNDIVIDED
........POMERADO CONGLOMERATE
........MISSION VALLEY FORMATION
........STADIUM CONGLOMERATE
........FRIARS FORMATION
........LUSARDI FORMATION
........GRANODIORITE AND TONALITE, UNDIVIDED
........HYPABYSSAL ROCKS, UNDIVIDED
........GRANITOID ROCKS
........SANTIAGO PEAK VOLCANICS
........TONALITE, UNDIVIDED
........METAMORPHOSED AND UNMETAMORPHOSED

VOLCANIC AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS, UNDIVIDED
........APPROX. LOCATION OF GEOLOGIC CONTACT
SOURCES: THIS DATA WAS CREATED AND COMPILED BY CALIFORNIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

SAN DIEGO RIVER

FORRESTER CREEK
T15S
T14S

CITY OF

SANTEE LIMITS
6960 FLANDERS DRIVE - SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92121 - 2974 PHONE 858 558-6900 - FAX 858 558-6159 SHEET OF
PROJECT NO.

SCALE DATE
FIGURE
Plotted:03/29/2021 1:44PM | By:RUBEN AGUILAR | File Location:Y:\PROJECTS\G2647-52-01 Santee Seismic Safety Study\SHEETS\G2647-52-01 SanteeSeismicSafetyStudy-DamReservoirInundationMap.dwg

GEOTECHNICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
1" =

DAM/RESERVOIR INUNDATION MAP

CITY OF SANTEE SEISMIC SAFETY STUDY

SANTEE, CALIFORNIA
1,500' 03 - 29 - 2021
G2647 - 52 - 01
1 1 3
LEGEND
........LAKE JENNINGS (CHET HARRITT) INUNDATION ZONE
........SAN VICENTE INUNDATION ZONE
........EL CAPITAN INUNDATION ZONE

INUNDATION ZONE VICINTY MAP

NOT TO SCALE

EL CAPITAN

RESERVOIR DAM

SAN VICENTE

RESERVOIR DAM

LAKE JENNINGS

RESERVOIR DAM
SOURCES: SanGIS/SANDAG GIS data warehouse.

SHALL INDEMNIFY, DEFEND AND HOLD HARMLESS GEOCON FROM ANY LIABILITY INCURRED AS A RESULT OF SUCH USE OR RELIANCE BY CLIENT.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ML ML ML
GM
SM
CL
CL
ML-SC
ML-SC

ML-SC SM
COBBLE

CONGLOMERATE

COBBLE CONGLOMERATE
(Thickness Varies)
Bedding Plane Shear Bedding Plane Shear
Massive, thinly bedded, tan to light gray to light reddish brown,micaceous, Silty, fine SANDSTONE. Poorly cemented, Interbeds of reddish brown, Sandy/Clayey SILTSTONE
Massive, thinly bedded, light green to tan to light reddish brown, Silty, fine SANDSTONE. Poorly to moderately cemented. Grades to Clayey SANDSTONE/Sandy CLAYSTONE and reddish brown
and green siltstone but mainly, SANDSTONE
Weak, highly fractured, waxy CLAYSTONE; bedding plane shear thicknessvaries; grades to Clayey SANDSTONE and Silty SANDSTONE (INTERBEDS OF SC-ML)
GM

GENERAL
ELEVATION OF 625'

ORIGINAL GROUNDSURFACE

GENERAL
ELEVATION OF 590'

CHARACTERISTIC GEOLOGY OF SANTEE AREA

NO SCALE, CONCEPTUAL ONLY
Qls
Tst
Tf
Tf
Tf
Tf
Tf Tf
? ? ?
4 1 1
Plotted:03/29/2021 1:44PM | By:RUBEN AGUILAR | File Location:Y:\PROJECTS\G2647-52-01 Santee Seismic Safety Study\SHEETS\G2647-52-01 ProfileView-CharacteristicGeologyNorthernSantee.dwg GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANTS6960 FLANDERS DRIVE - SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92121 - 2974 PHONE 858 558-6900 - FAX 858 558-6159 SHEET OF

CITY OF SANTEE SEISMIC SAFETY STUDY

SANTEE, CALIFORNIA

NOT TO SCALE
PROJECT NO.

SCALE
G2647 - 52 - 01
DATE
FIGURE
03 - 29 - 2021

CHARACTERISTIC GEOLOGY OF

SANTEE AREA

GEOCON LEGEND
........LANDSLIDE DEPOSITS........STADIUM CONGLOMERATE........FRIARS FORMATION Qls
Tst
Tf

APPENDIX A
Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 - A-1 - March 29, 2021

APPENDIX A

TECHNICAL TABLES FROM SEISMIC SAFETY REPORT DISCUSSIONS TABLE A-1

DETERMINATION OF GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES REQUIRED
Group/Risk Category
(Examples)
Group I
(Parks, Open Spaces,
Golf Courses,
Agricultural Land,
Landfills, Barns, Storage
Shelters)
Group II
(Residential, Commercial
and Industrial Buildings,
Warehouses, Apartment
Buildings, Motels, Secondary
Roadways)
Group III
(Theatres, Lecture Halls, Dining
Halls, Schools, Churches, Prisons,
Small Healthcare Facilities,
Infrastructure Plants, Storage for
Explosives/Toxins, Main Roads, Mid
to High-Rise Buildings, Large
Structures Intended for Human
Occupancy)
Group IV
(Hazardous Material Facilities,
Hospitals, Fire and Rescue,
Emergency Facilities and
Shelters, Police Stations, Power
Stations, Aviation Control
Facilities, National Defense,
Water Storage)
Stability Category
Generally Stable Areas.

Underlain by Granitic Rock
or Gentle Slopes.

Geologic
Reconnaissance
Geotechnical Investigation
Geologic Reconnaissance
Geotechnical Investigation
Geologic Investigation
Seismic Hazard Study
Geotechnical Investigation
Geologic Investigation
Seismic Hazard Study
Moderately Stable Areas.

Underlain by Stadium
Conglomerate.

Geologic
Reconnaissance
Geotechnical Investigation
Geologic Investigation
Geotechnical Investigation
Geologic Investigation
Seismic Hazard Study
Geotechnical Investigation
Geologic Investigation
Seismic Hazard Study
Generally Unstable Areas.

Underlain by Friars
Formation, Landslides or
Debris Flows.

Geologic
Reconnaissance
Geotechnical Investigation
Geologic Investigation
Seismic Hazard Study
Geotechnical Investigation
Geologic Investigation
Seismic Hazard Study
Geotechnical Investigation
Geologic Investigation
Seismic Hazard Study
Potentially Liquefiable
Areas.

Possibly Underlain by
Alluvium and a High Water
Table.

TYPES OF GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES
Report Type Description
Geologic
Reconnaissance
 Performed under the supervision of, and signed by a Certified Engineering Geologist (CEG) in the State of California.  Conducted during the initial planning stages.
 Includes a literature search (available reports, published geologic maps, stereo aerial photographs), research on existing problems in the areas, a site description, and a field inspection to identify/assess potential geologic hazards requiring further study.  Recommends the scope for additional geotechnical studies.  Engineering design recommendations are not included in a Geologic Reconnaissance.

Geologic
Investigation
 Performed under the supervision of, and signed by a Certified Engineering Geologist (CEG) in the State of California.  Can be conducted during the environmental review process, but usually occurs at the tentative map stage.  Considers the conditions of preliminary grading plans, i.e., hazardous building sites, stabilization, excavations, and/or avoidance of hazardous soil types.
 Includes literature review, field investigation, subsurface testing, laboratory analysis, and special design criteria.  Includes preparation of a Geologic Map and a description of geologic conditions.  Recommends the scope for additional geotechnical studies.

Geotechnical
Investigation
 Performed under the supervision of, and signed by a Certified Engineering Geologist (CEG) and licensed Registered Civil Engineering (RCE) practicing in the field of soil engineering or a Geotechnical Engineer (GE) registered in the State of California.  Normally conducted in conjunction with Geologic Investigations.  Considers final grading plans and tentative maps.
 Includes literature review, field investigation, subsurface testing, laboratory analysis, and special design criteria. Conclusions and recommendations include foundation design and recommended grading specifications.  Includes preparation of a Geologic Map and a description of geologic conditions.

Seismic Hazard
Study
 Performed under the supervision of, and signed by a Certified Engineering Geologist (CEG) and licensed Registered Civil Engineering (RCE) practicing in the field of soil engineering or a Geotechnical Engineer (GE) registered in the State of California.  Conducted in accordance with the guidelines set forth by the California Geological Survey.

Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 - A-3 - March 29, 2021
TABLE A-3

GEOTECHNICAL/SEISMIC HAZARD MAP LEGEND
Legend Soil Type Location Relative Landslide
Susceptibility
Liquefaction
Hazard
Expansion
Condition
A Granitic Rock
Hard Rock Outcrops and Decomposed Granitics,
Northern Slopes (Fanita Ranch), Central Area
(Ramsgate Way), Southwestern Area (Rancho Fanita
Drive, Cowles Mountain)
Least Susceptible Nominal Very Low
B Stadium Conglomerate Northwestern and Northern Slopes (Fanita Ranch), Southern Undeveloped Area
Marginally Susceptible
(Generally Susceptible
to Debris Flow)
Nominal Low
C1 Alluvium Main Drainage Channels, Possible Shallow
Groundwater, San Diego River Marginally Susceptible Moderate to High Variable C2 Alluvium/Debris Flow Secondary Drainage and Tributary Channels, Fluctuating Groundwater Variable Nominal to Low Moderate C3 Older Alluvium
Gentle Slopes Western Area, Flanks of the San
Diego River (Carlton Oaks Drive),
Central Area (Woodpark Drive)
Generally to Marginally
Susceptible (Where
underlain by Friars
Formation)
Low to Moderate Variable
D1 Landslides Confirmed Sloping Southern Area (Route 125 and Fanita Drive), Fanita Ranch, Carlton Hills, Castlerock Most Susceptible Nominal Moderate to High D2 Landslides Possible Various Areas Throughout Friars Formation Most Susceptible Nominal Moderate to High
D3 Friars Formation
Northern Slopes (Cuyamaca Street, Lake Canyon
Road, Fanita Ranch) and Southern Slopes (Mesa
Heights Road, Route 125)
Most Susceptible Nominal Moderate to
High
--
Unmapped Surficial
Deposits:

Undocumented Fill,
Topsoil, Colluvium
Undeveloped Areas Variable Variable Variable
--
Unmapped Surficial
Deposits:

Previously Placed Fill
Developed Areas Variable Variable Variable
Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 - A-4 - March 29, 2021
TABLE A-4
MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY (DAMAGE) SCALE OF 1931 (ABRIDGED) Intensity
Value
Quantitative Description
[Average Peak Velocity (cm/s), Average Peak Acceleration (m/s2), Rossi-Forel Scale] I Not felt except by a very few under especially favorable circumstances. [--, --, I] II Felt only by a few persons at rest, especially on upper floors of buildings; delicately suspended objects may swing. [--, --, I to II] III Felt quite noticeable indoors, especially on upper floors of buildings, but many people do not recognize it as an earthquake; standing motor cars may rock slightly; vibration like passing truck; duration estimated. [--, --, III] IV During the day felt indoors by many, outdoors by few; at night some awakened; dishes, windows and doors disturbed; walls making creaking sound; sensation like heavy truck striking building; standing motor cars rocked noticeably. [1-2 cm/s, 0.015g-0.02g, IV to V] V Felt by nearly everyone; many awakened; some dishes, windows etc., broken; a few instances of cracked plaster; unstable objects overturned; disturbances of trees, piles and other tall objects sometimes noticed; pendulum clocks may stop. [2-5 cm/s, 0.03g-0.04g, V to VI] VI Felt by all; many frightened and run outdoors; some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen plaster or damaged chimneys; damage slight. [5-8 cm/s, 0.06g-0.07g, VI to VII]
VII
Everybody runs outdoors; damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate in well-built ordinary structures; considerable in poorly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken; noticed by persons driving motor cars. [8-12 cm/s, 0.10g-0.15g, VIII]
VIII
Damage slight in specially designed structures, considerable in ordinary substantial buildings, with partial collapse, great in poorly built structures; panel walls thrown out of frame structures; fall of chimneys, factory stacks, columns, monuments, walls; heavy furniture overturned; sand and mud ejected in small amounts; changes in well water; persons driving motor cars disturbed. [20-30 cm/s, 0.25g-0.30g, VIII+ to IX]
IX Damage considerable in specially designed structures; well-designed frame structures thrown out of plumb; great in substantial buildings, with partial collapse; buildings shifted off foundations; ground cracked conspicuously; underground pipes broken. [45-55 cm/s, 0.50g-0.55g, IX+] X
Some well built wooden structures destroyed; most masonry and frame structures destroyed with foundations; ground badly cracked; rails bent; landslides considerable from river banks and steep slopes; shifted sand and mud; water splashed (slopped) over banks. [> 60 cm/s, >

0.60g, X]
XI Few, if any (masonry) structures remain standing; bridges destroyed; broad fissures in ground; underground pipelines completely out of service, earth slumps and land slips in soft ground; rails bent greatly. [--, --, --] XII Damage total. Waves seen on ground surfaces. Line of sight and level distorted. Objects thrown upward into the air. [--, --, --] (g = gravity = 9.80 m/s2)
Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 - A-5 - March 29, 2021
TABLE A-5

GEOLOGIC TIME

APPENDIX B
Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 - B-1 - March 29, 2021

APPENDIX B

DEFINITION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
Active Fault An Active Fault is one that exhibits separation in historic time or along which separation of Holocene deposits can be demonstrated. If Holocene deposits are not offset, but numerous epicenters have been recorded on or in close proximity to the fault, a classification of active may be used.

Alluvium Surficial, stream deposited materials that have undergone no significant cementation or consolidation; typically, loose sands, gravels, or clays deposits in valleys and other drainage areas in the last 11,000 years.

Bed A layer or tabular body of sedimentary rock greater than one centimeter thick, that lies essentially parallel to the surface or surfaces on or against which it was formed.

Bedding The arrangement of sedimentary rocks in layers than are more than one centimeter thick.

Bedding Plane The surface that separates each successive layer of a sedimentary rock from its proceeding layer.

Bedding Plane Shear A shear that parallels a bedding plane. Also known as bedding parallel shear.

Boulder A detached rounded rock that is larger than 12 inches.

Cementation The process by which loose sediments become cohesive sedimentary rock through the addition of natural cementing agents such as calcium carbonate, iron oxide, or silica.

Cobble Particles of rock that possess a size of 3 inches to 12 inches.

Clast An individual constituent, grain, or fragment of rock, produced by weathering of a larger rock mass.

Expansive Refers to a clayey soil that will expand and contract with changes in moisture content.

Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 - B-2 - March 29, 2021
Fault A fracture in rock along which there has been displacement.

Formation A general term used in describing soil or rock masses that have been mapped as distinct units.

Fracture A general term for any break in a rock mass.

Friars Formation The Friars Formation is composed of beds of brown, red, and green mudstones and claystones alternating with loosely to moderately well cemented, fine to medium grained, light gray to brown sandstones. The thickness of these beds ranges from 2 to 40 feet or more. Studies by various geotechnical firms have confirmed that the Friars Formation contain a significant cobble conglomerate bed 25 to 50 feet thick and lying at an elevation of approximately 450 feet.

Gravel Particle of rock that will pass a 3-inchg sieve but be retained on a No. 4 sieve.

Inactive Fault A fault is classified Inactive when a fault trace exhibits no separation of Holocene deposits or if the fault is overlain by unfaulted Pleistocene deposits.

Intensity Intensity refers to the degree or strength of shaking at a specified place. It is not based on the energy released by an earthquake but is a rating assigned by an experienced observer using a descriptive scale with grade indicated by Roman numerals from I to XII. Intensity is a rating of the severity of damage producing properties of the ground motion at a specific location.

The scale of measurement is based upon the sensation of persons and upon physical damage to structural and man-made objects. The most widely used and accepted intensity scale is the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (Appendix A)
Interbedded A term used to describe soil or rock material lying between beds, or lying in a bed parallel to other beds of a different material.

Joint A surface of actual or potential fracture or parting in a rock.

Landslide Any mass movement that occurs below the soil mantle that is caused by shear failure along one or several surfaces.

Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 - B-3 - March 29, 2021
Liquefaction Liquefaction is a process or condition in which a soil mass below the water table suddenly loses its strength during shaking, such as an earthquake, and behaves like a fluid. The primary factor affecting the potential of a soil to liquefy are proximity of the water table to the ground surface; soil type; relative density or void ratio; initial confining pressure; intensity of ground shaking; and, duration of ground shaking. In general, poorly graded materials are more susceptible to liquefaction than are well graded material and of the poorly grade materials, fine sand and silts tend to “liquefy” more readily than do coarse sands, gravelly soils or clay. Typically, soil containing more than about 30 to 40 percent (by weight) clay particles have a very low potential for liquefaction. In general, Modified Mercalli Intensities on the order of VII may create sufficient ground shaking to cause liquefaction of very susceptible deposits. As the intensity of seismic event increases, the range of susceptible deposits also increases.

Magnitude Magnitude is related to that energy which is radiated from the earthquake source in the form of elastic waves. Basically, magnitude is the rating of a given earthquake related to the earthquake energy released in the hypocentral area and is independent of the base of observation since it is calculated from measurement on seismograms. It is expressed in ordinary numbers and decimals. Magnitude was originally defined by C. F. Richter as a logarithm (base 10) of the maximum amplitude of a Wood-Anderson seismogram at a distance of 100 kilometers (62 miles) from the focus. For other distances or for instruments of other types, conversion to the standard is accomplished.

Massive A general term used to describe homogeneous sedimentary rock that is free of joints and bedding planes.

Matrix The natural material in which a rock clast is embedded. In a rock in which certain constituents are much larger than the others, the smaller sized constituents compose the matrix.

Medium-Grained A general term used to describe grains larger than 1 millimeter and smaller than 2 millimeters.

Mudstone A rock composed of indefinite and varying proportions of clay, silt, and sand.

Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 - B-4 - March 29, 2021
Outcrop Rock that is exposed at the surface of the earth.

Pebble A rounded rock fragment between 4 millimeters and 64 millimeters in size.

Poorly Sorted A general term used to describe materials composed of nonuniform sized constituents.

Sand Applies to unconsolidated minerals or rock particles that are less than 4 millimeters and more than 0.05 millimeters in size.

Sandstone A consolidated sedimentary rock composed of cemented sand grains.

Sedimentary Rock A term used to describe rock formed from a sediment. Generally composed of sand to clay-sized particles.

Silt Applies to unconsolidated rock particles that are greater than 0.005 millimeters and less than 0.05 millimeters in size.

Siltstone A consolidated rock composed predominantly of silt.

Slopewash Soil and rock material that is or has been transported down a slope by running water not confined to channels.

Soil Creep An imperceptibly slow and continuous downward and outward movement of soil on a slope.

Stadium Conglomerate The cobble-sized clasts of the conglomerate are chiefly volcanic in origin with some quartzite and granitic cobbles and boulders which attain diameters of two to three feet. These clasts (rounded cobbles and boulders) are set in a matrix of red-brown to light brown, poorly to well sorted, and medium to coarse-grained sands. Cementation is highly variable, from strongly cemented to poorly cemented. Thick lenses of well-sorted sandstones are common.

Weathered The physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of rock due to effects of the atmosphere.

Well-Sorted Applies to materials composed of particles of approximately uniform size.

APPENDIX C
Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 - C-1 - March 29, 2021

APPENDIX C

LIST OF REFERENCES
2019 California Building Code, California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2, based on the 2018 International Building Code, prepared by California Building Standards Commission, dated July 2019.

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), ASCE 7-16, Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, 2017.

Bay Quake Alliance, How Close to a Fault do You Live? Interactive Map. https://bayquakealliance.org/howclose/
BSI Consultants, San Diego River Flood Study, Hec 2 Runs Using Santee Discharge Rates, July 1992.

California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, White Paper, An Evaluation of Future Earthquake Losses in California, 2000.

California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, DMG Note 42, Earthquake Fault Zones, A Guide for Government Agencies, Property Owners / Developers, and Geoscience Practitioners for Assessing Fault Rupture Hazards in California, Revised 2018.

California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Michael P. Kennedy and Gary L. Peterson, Bulletin 200, Geology of the San Diego Metropolitan Area, California, Section B, Eastern San Diego Metropolitan Area, La Mesa, Poway, and SW1/4 Escondido 7½ Minute Quadrangles, 1975, Reprint 2001.

California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, C. W. Jennings, Fault Map of California with Locations of Volcanoes, Thermal Springs and Thermal Wells, 1975 (revised 1994).

California Department of Conservation, California Geologic Survey, CGS Note 41, General Guidelines for Reviewing Geologic Reports, 1998.

California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, DMG Note 43, Recommended Guidelines for Determining the Maximum Credible and the Maximum Probable Earthquakes, 1986.

California Department of Conservation, California Geologic Survey, California Landslide Inventory, January 5, 2016. https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/lsi/ California Department of Conservation, California Geologic Survey, CGS Note 48 Checklist for the Review of Engineering Geology and Seismology Reports for California Public Schools, Hospitals, and Essential Services Buildings, November 2019.

California Department of Conservation, California Geological Survey, Seismic Shaking Hazards in California, Based on the USGS/CGS Probabilistic Seismic Hazards Assessment (PSHA) Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 - C-2 - March 29, 2021
Model, 2002 (revised April 2003). 10% probability of being exceeded in 50 years. http://redirect.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/rghm/pshamap/pshamain.html California Department of Conservation, California Geologic Survey, Special Publication 117, Guidelines for Evaluating and Mitigating Seismic Hazards in California 2008, Revised and Re-adopted September 11, 2008.

California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, DMG Open-File Report 95-04, Landslide Hazards in the Northern Part of the San Diego Metropolitan Area, San Diego County, California, Landslide Hazard Identification Map No. 35.

California Department of Water Resources, Bulletin 55, San Dieguito and San Diego Rivers Investigation, 245 pages, No. 55, 1949.

California Department of Water Resources, Division of Safety of Dams, Dam Breach Inundation Map Web Publisher, Chet Harritt, October 19, 2018.
https://fmds.water.ca.gov/webgis/?appid=dam_prototype_v2 California Department of Water Resources, Division of Safety of Dams, Dam Breach Inundation Map Web Publisher, El Capitan – Main Dam, March 15, 2019.
https://fmds.water.ca.gov/webgis/?appid=dam_prototype_v2 California Department of Water Resources, Division of Safety of Dams, Dam Breach Inundation Map Web Publisher, San Vicente – Main Dam, May 13, 2020.
https://fmds.water.ca.gov/webgis/?appid=dam_prototype_v2 California Department of Water Resources, Division of Safety of Dams, Dams Within Jurisdiction of the State of California, September 2019.

City of San Diego, Guidelines for Geotechnical Reports, 2018.

City of Santee, General Plan, August 27, 2003.

County of San Diego, Department of Planning and Land Use, General Plan Update, Groundwater Study, April 2010.

County of San Diego, General Plan, Chapter 7, Safety Element, adopted August 2011 and amended January 2020.

County of San Diego, San Diego County Multi Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan, San Diego, California – Final Draft, 2017.

Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, San Diego Chapter, San Diego Earthquake Planning Scenario, Magnitude 6.9 on the Rose Canyon Fault Zone, 2020.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), FIRM, Flood Insurance Rate Map, San Diego County, California and Incorporated Areas, Map Index and Panels 1370, 1387, 1389, 1391, 1393, 1400, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1656, and 1660 of 2375, Effective Date May 16, 2012.

Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 - C-3 - March 29, 2021
https://msc.fema.gov/portal/search?AddressQuery=santee%2C%20california#searchresultsa nchor
Geocon Incorporated, Final Report of Testing and Observation Services Performed During Site Grading, Castlerock North, Phase 2, Unit 5, I.O. No. 24005920, Project No. 427031, Drawing No. 38921-D, San Diego, California, October 11, 2019 (Geocon Project No. G06696-42-04).

Geocon Incorporated, Final Report of Testing and Observation Services Performed During Site Grading, Castlerock South Phase 1, Units 1 Through 4, I.O. No. 24004857, Project No. 377877, Drawing No. 38150-D, San Diego, California, December 7, 2018 (Geocon Project No. 06696-42-04).

Geocon Incorporated, Geotechnical Investigation, Castlerock, San Diego, California, July 14, 2003 (Geocon Project No. 06696-42-01).

Geocon Incorporated, Geotechnical/Seismic Study for the Safety Element of the Santee General Plan, October 31, 2002 (Geocon Project No. 06828-32-01).

Geocon Incorporated, Supplemental Geotechnical Investigation, Castlerock, San Diego, California, August 6, 2015 (Geocon Project No. 06696-42-03).

Handfelt, Leo D.; Wong, Ivan; Thomas, Patricia; Dawson, Timothy; Zhou, Jim; and Kavanagh, Nicola, Seismic Hazard Evaluation for Design of San Vicente Dam Raise, International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics. 4, 2010. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/icrageesd/05icrageesd/session07c/4 Harp, Edwin L. and Randall W. Jibson. Landslides Triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California Earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1996.

Hart, Michael W., Landslides of West-Central San Diego County, California, Plate 1, 1971.

Hart, Michael W., Bedding-Parallel Shear Zones as Landslide Mechanisms in Horizontal Sedimentary Rocks, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, Vol. VI, No. 2, May, 2000.

Kennedy, M. P., and S. S. Tan, Geologic Map of the San Diego 30’x60’ Quadrangle, California, USGS Regional Map Series Map No. 3, Scale 1:100,000, 2008.

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Geocon Project No. G2647-52-01 - C-4 - March 29, 2021
SEAOCC, Seismic Design Maps, website interface that queries the U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS) web servers and retrieves the seismic design variables using ASCE 7-16, ASCE 7-10, ASCE 41-13, ASCE 41-17, IBC 2015, IBC 2012, NEHRP-2015, and NEHRP 2009 seismic design map data, 2018. http://seismicmaps.org
Southern California Earthquake Center, University of Southern California, and the ASCE Los Angeles Section Geotechnical Group, Recommended Procedures for Implementation of DMG Special Publication 117, Guidelines for Analyzing and Mitigating Landslide Hazards in California, February 2002.

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State of California, Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, General Plan Guidelines, 2017.

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Todd, Victoria R., Preliminary Geologic Map of the El Cajon 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, Southern California, USGS, Scale 1:100,000, 2004.

Unified San Diego County Emergency Services Organization & County of San Diego, Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan, Annex Q, September 2018.

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United States Geological Survey (USGS) Interactive Quaternary Faults Database computer program, https://usgs.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer.

United States Geological Survey, El Cajon 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Map, 1967, photorevised 1975.

United States Geological Survey, La Mesa 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Map, 1967, photorevised 1975.

United States Geological Survey, Poway 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Map, 1967, photorevised 1975.

United States Geological Survey, San Vicente Reservoir 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Map, 1955, photorevised 1971.

United States Geologic Survey, John A Izbicki for County of SD Water Authority and CDWR, USGS Water Resources 85-4032, Evaluation of the Mission, Santee, and Tijuana Hydrologic Subareas for Reclaimed Water Use, 1985.

Appendix D. Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment

Appendix D. Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment Environmental Justice
Existing Conditions Assessment
City of Santee Safety and
Environmental Justice Element
July 2023
Prepared for:

City of Santee
10601 Magnolia Avenue
Santee, California 92071
Contact: Christina Rios, Senior Planner
Prepared by:
600 B Street, Suite 2000
San Diego, California 92101
(619) 236-1778
Contact: Darin Neufeld, AICP, Director
Environmental Justice
Existing Conditions Assessment
City of Santee Safety and
Environmental Justice Element
July 2023
Prepared for:

Santee
City of Santee
10601 Magnolia Avenue
Santee, California 92071
Contact: Christina Rios, Senior Planner
Prepared by:
sy : ° = Harris & Associates
600 B Street, Suite 2000
San Diego, California 92101
(619) 236-1778
Contact: Darin Neufeld, AICP, Director
This page intentionally left blank. This page intentionally left blank.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment i July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Table of Contents
Section 1 Introduction...........................................................................................................1 Section 2 Disadvantaged Communities...............................................................................3

2.1 Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 1: CalEnviroScreen.............3

2.2 Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 2: Statewide Median Income...........................................................................................................6

2.3 Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 3: HCD State Income Limit...............................................................................................................8

2.4 Disadvantaged Communities Screening Results..........................................10 Section 3 Pollution Exposure .............................................................................................13

3.1 Air Quality ....................................................................................................13

3.2 Water Quality, Accessibility, and Affordability...............................................19 Section 4 Access to Public Facilities and Services ..........................................................24 Section 5 Access to Healthy Food .....................................................................................34 Section 6 Access to Physical Activity and Recreational Opportunity .............................40

6.1 Active Transportation ...................................................................................43 Section 7 Access to Safe, Sanitary, and Affordable Homes.............................................48

7.1 Housing Quality and Safety..........................................................................48

7.2 Housing Affordability ....................................................................................51 Section 8 Unique or Compounded Health Risks...............................................................54

8.1 Climate Change ...........................................................................................54 Section 9 References ..........................................................................................................56 Figures
Figure 1. Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method..........................................................3 Figure 2. Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 1: CalEnviroScreen ..........................5 Figure 3. Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 2: Statewide Median Income ............7 Figure 4. Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 3: HCD State Income Limits .............9 Figure 5. City of Santee Disadvantaged Communities ..............................................................11 Figure 6. SDAB NOx Emission Trends......................................................................................14 Figure 7. Residential Relative to Freeways ...............................................................................15 Figure 8. Residential Relative to Industrial ................................................................................17 Figure 9. Asthma Prevalence....................................................................................................18 Figure 10. Storm Water Illicit Discharges ..................................................................................21 Figure 11. Walkable Access to Schools ....................................................................................26 Figure 12. Walkable Access to Daycare....................................................................................27 Table of Contents
Section 1 Introduction. ................ cece ii i ni nn nn nn nn eee e eee e eee e eens ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenees 1 Section 2 Disadvantaged Communities .................cccce eect eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 3

2.1 Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 1: CalEnviroScreen............. 3

2.2 Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 2: Statewide Median INCOM G 2. ceeeeeeeeeece cece eee eeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeaeeeeeeeeeaaaeaaeeeeeeeeeaaaeaceeeeeeeeesaaaeneeeeseseeseaaa 6

2.3 Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 3: HCD State Income LiMIt 2... eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 8

2.4 Disadvantaged Communities Screening ReSults.............ccccccsseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 10 Section 3 Pollution Exposure ..............ccccccccsseesseeeeeeeeeeeeeeasseeeeeeeseeeaaaessaeeeeseeeeaaaasneeeeesseseaaaes 13

3.1 Air QUamMILY 2... cece eee cececeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeetess 13

3.2 Water Quality, Accessibility, and Affordability ...............ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 19 Section 4 Access to Public Facilities and Services ............ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 24 Section 5 Access to Healthy Food ...........cccccssseeeeeeeeeeeseeassseeeeeeeseeeaasssseeeeeseeeaaaasseeeeesseesaaags 34 Section6 Access to Physical Activity and Recreational Opportunity ..................cccceeee 40

6.1 Active Transportation .............ccccccseeeeccceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaegeeessaeeseeesseneeeesaaeeeess 43 Section 7 Access to Safe, Sanitary, and Affordable Homes.............:ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 48

7.1 Housing Quality and Safety ...........cccccccccccccccccccccecceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeenenenees 48

7.2 Housing Affordability ........... cc ccccccccccccceeeeeeseeeeeeeeeseeseeeeeeceeeeeseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeees 51 Section 8 Unique or Compounded Health RiSKS................cccccceeessssssseeeeeeeeseeeeasseeeeeeseeeaaaas 54

8.1 Climate CHANnge ............ccccccccccceseeceeccceeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeaseeeeeeeceeesssaesseeeeeeseessaeanees 54 Section 9 RePEENCES ......ccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeseeeeeeeeseeseaeeesseaeaeaaes 56 Figures
Figure 1. Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method................ccccccccceeeceesseeeeeeeeeeeeeaeaeeeeeeeees 3 Figure 2. Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 1: CalEnviroScreen ..............:000e 5 Figure 3. Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 2: Statewide Median Income ............ 7 Figure 4. Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 3: HCD State Income Limits ............. 9 Figure 5. City of Santee Disadvantaged COMMUNItIES ............ eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeetaaaes 11 Figure 6. SDAB NOX EmiSSion Trends.............cccccccccesseseeeeeeceeeeeaeeeeeceeeeeeeeeaseaeseeeeeeeeesaaaeeeseeeenees 14 Figure 7. Residential Relative to FreewayS ...........:::::cseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeteneeieieeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 15 Figure 8. Residential Relative to INdUStrial ............ cc eeeecccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesseeeeeeeeeeeesssaaeeeeeeeees 17 Figure 9. Asthma Prevalence ............ccccccccccsseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeessasaeeseeeeeeeessaaaaaseeeees 18 Figure 10. Storm Water Illicit Discharges .0.............ccceeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeiaaeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeaaes 21 Figure 11. Walkable Access to SCHOOIS ............cccccccccsseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeesseeeeeeeeeeeesaaaaeeeeeeeees 26 Figure 12. Walkable Access to DayCare.............:::::eeeeeteteeenetettnttnttininininineeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 27 Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment _ i July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment ii July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Figure 13. Walkable Access to Transit ......................................................................................30 Figure 14. Population without Health Insurance ........................................................................32 Figure 15. Food Access ............................................................................................................36 Figure 16.Select Food Retailers Distribution .............................................................................39 Figure 17. Walkable Access to Park..........................................................................................42 Figure 18. Pedestrian and Bike Paths .......................................................................................44 Figure 19. Bicycle and Pedestrian Collisions.............................................................................46 Figure 20. Residential Housing Stock by Year Built ..................................................................50 Figure 21. Heat Health Action Index..........................................................................................55 Tables
Table 1. CalEnviroScreen Categories and Indicators ..................................................................4 Table 2. HCD 2021 State Income Limits by Household Size.......................................................8 Table 3. Indicators to Identify Areas with Greater Exposure to Air Pollution ..............................13 Table 4. OEHHA Right to Water, Water Quality Indicator Scores..............................................19 Table 5. OEHHA Right to Water, Water Accessibility Indicator Scores......................................22 Table 6. OEHHA Right to Water, Water Affordability Indicator Scores ......................................22 Table 7. Indicators to Assess Existing Conditions: Public Facility Access .................................24 Table 8. MTS Transit Fares.......................................................................................................29 Table 9. Healthy Food Indicators ..............................................................................................34 Table 10. Physical Activity and Recreational Opportunity Indicators .........................................40 Table 11. Bicycle and Pedestrian Collisions per 1,000 people/yr ..............................................45 Table 12. Safe, Sanitary and Affordable Housing Indicators......................................................48 Table 13. Average Household Size...........................................................................................51 Figure 13. Walkable Access to Transit ...........0 00: :eceeeeeeeeeeentetttttti ieee 30 Figure 14. Population without Health INSUraANCe ............c ce ccccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeesseaaeeseeeeees 32 Figure 15. FOOd ACCESS ....... 0. eee nn nn nnn nn nnenneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 36 Figure 16.Select Food Retailers DistriDUtion ............ cc ccccccccccceeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeessseeeeeeeeeesesssaaeeeeeeeees 39 Figure 17. Walkable ACCceSS to Park............cccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeseeeeeeeeseaseeeeseeeeeeeesaaeaeeeeeeenees 42 Figure 18. Pedestrian and Bike Path ...........0..cccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeaseeeeeeeeeesaaaaeeeeeeeeees 44 Figure 19. Bicycle and Pedestrian ColliSions.............::::::cscsceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 46 Figure 20. Residential Housing Stock by Year Built ...................ccscceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeneeeeeeeees 50 Figure 21. Heat Health Action [email protected] cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeaeeeeeeeeeeeaaeaeeeeeeeesesaaaneteeeeeeees 55 Tables
Table 1. CalEnviroScreen Categories and INdICAtOIS ...........ccecccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaeeeeeeeeeeeeseaaaeaaees 4 Table 2. HCD 2021 State Income Limits by Household SiZe ............eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeetteeeeeeeees 8 Table 3. Indicators to Identify Areas with Greater Exposure to Air Pollution .................:cccccceeeees 13 Table 4. OEHHA Right to Water, Water Quality Indicator SCOreS..............c:::ceceeeeeeeeeeeeeteteeeeeeees 19 Table 5. OEHHA Right to Water, Water Accessibility Indicator SCOreS...........::cceceeeeeteeetteeeeeees 22 Table 6. OEHHA Right to Water, Water Affordability Indicator SCOres ............ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 22 Table 7. Indicators to Assess Existing Conditions: Public Facility AcCeSS .............ee 24 Table 8. MTS Transit Fares. ...........cccccccccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeaeesaeaaaaaaaaas 29 Table 9. Healthy Food Indicators .............ccccccccsceeeeeecceeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeesseaaeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeseceeeeeessaaaaeeeees 34 Table 10. Physical Activity and Recreational Opportunity Indicators ..............ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 40 Table 11. Bicycle and Pedestrian Collisions per 1,000 people/yr ...............cccceseeeessseeeeeeeeeeeeeaeees 45 Table 12. Safe, Sanitary and Affordable Housing Indicators. .............cceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 48 Table 13. Average Household SIZ ........ ec ececeecceceee cece eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneaees 51 Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment __ ii July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 1 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Section 1 Introduction
Government Code (GOV) Section 65040.12[e] defines “Environmental Justice” as the fair treatment of people of all races, incomes, and ethnicity with respect to the development, adoption, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. In practice, pursuing environmental justice involves improving the quality of life for people by reducing exposure to environmental hazards and burdens and improving access to goods and services that promote health and well-being.

In 2016, the State of California passed Senate Bill (SB) 1000—the Planning for Healthy Communities Act—requiring cities and counties to address environmental justice in their general plans. The purpose of the Environmental Justice Element is to develop objectives and policies to minimize pollution and its effects on communities and to ensure residents have the opportunity to provide input in decisions that affect their quality of life. Per California law (GOV Section 65040.12[e]), environmental justice includes, but is not limited to:
• The availability of a healthy environment for all people • The deterrence, reduction, and elimination of pollution burdens for populations and communities experiencing the adverse effects of that pollution, so that the effects of the pollution are not disproportionately borne by those populations and communities • Governmental entities engaging and providing technical assistance to populations and communities most impacted by pollution to promote their meaningful participation in all phases of the environmental and land use decision-making process • The meaningful consideration of recommendations from populations and communities most impacted by pollution into environmental and land use decisions In June 2020, the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) released updated guidelines (OPR Guidelines) for the preparation of Environmental Justice Elements in compliance with SB 1000. OPR Guidelines recommend that local agencies document existing conditions with respect to Environmental Justice Element topic areas to understand the drivers of inequality. Therefore, the City of Santee (City) has prepared this Existing Conditions Assessment to identify areas with greater pollution exposure and reduced access to public goods and services that improve quality of life for residents. The findings of the Existing Conditions Assessment were used to inform Environmental Justice Element policies in the City’s General Plan. The Existing Conditions Assessment is organized by the following Environmental Justice Element topics:
• Pollution exposure, including access to clean air and water; • Access to public facilities and services;
• Access to healthy food;
• Access to physical activity and recreational opportunities; Section1 Introduction
Government Code (GOV) Section 65040.12[e] defines “Environmental Justice” as the fair treatment of people of all races, incomes, and ethnicity with respect to the development, adoption, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. In practice, pursuing environmental justice involves improving the quality of life for people by reducing exposure to environmental hazards and burdens and improving access to goods and services that promote health and well-being.

In 2016, the State of California passed Senate Bill (SB) 1000—the Planning for Healthy Communities Act—requiring cities and counties to address environmental justice in their general plans. The purpose of the Environmental Justice Element is to develop objectives and policies to minimize pollution and its effects on communities and to ensure residents have the opportunity to provide input in decisions that affect their quality of life. Per California law (GOV Section 65040.12[e]), environmental justice includes, but is not limited to:
e The availability of a healthy environment for all people e The deterrence, reduction, and elimination of pollution burdens for populations and communities experiencing the adverse effects of that pollution, so that the effects of the pollution are not disproportionately borne by those populations and communities e Governmental entities engaging and providing technical assistance to populations and communities most impacted by pollution to promote their meaningful participation in all phases of the environmental and land use decision-making process e The meaningful consideration of recommendations from populations and communities most impacted by pollution into environmental and land use decisions In June 2020, the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) released updated guidelines (OPR Guidelines) for the preparation of Environmental Justice Elements in compliance with SB 1000. OPR Guidelines recommend that local agencies document existing conditions with respect to Environmental Justice Element topic areas to understand the drivers of inequality. Therefore, the City of Santee (City) has prepared this Existing Conditions Assessment to identify areas with greater pollution exposure and reduced access to public goods and services that improve quality of life for residents. The findings of the Existing Conditions Assessment were used to inform Environmental Justice Element policies in the City’s General Plan. The Existing Conditions Assessment is organized by the following Environmental Justice Element topics:
e Pollution exposure, including access to clean air and water; e Access to public facilities and services;
e Access to healthy food;
e Access to physical activity and recreational opportunities; Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 1 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 2 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
• Access to safe and sanitary homes; and
• Unique or compounded health risks, including exposure to climate hazards.

The City utilized indicators to assess existing conditions with respect to each Environmental Justice Element topic area based on public, open-source datasets. Many of the indicators rely on U.S. Census data or other data aggregated at the census tract level. Although census data is the primary and standard source of high-resolution geographic information about the United States population, some indicators have large margins of error, attributable to specific methodological decisions made by the Census Bureau. Furthermore, census tracts do not directly align with City boundaries. Therefore, values assigned at the census tract level may be influenced by conditions outside the City’s jurisdiction. In the case of Santee, several census tracts in the southern portion of the City overlap with the City of El Cajon. As a result, scores associated with those census tracts are influenced by conditions in the City of El Cajon. Therefore, the planning team supplemented census data with local data and knowledge where feasible and determined appropriate by the City.

Specifically, the City developed a community survey (Community Survey) to identify what environmental justice topic areas were of greatest concern to residents. The Community Survey was made available in English and Spanish, and 121 responses were received from Englishspeaking residents. Key findings of the Community Survey (City of Santee 2021) are discussed throughout the Existing Conditions Assessment, and survey results are provided in Appendix B of the Safety and Environmental Justice Element.
e Access to safe and sanitary homes; and
e Unique or compounded health risks, including exposure to climate hazards.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 2 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 3 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Section 2 Disadvantaged Communities
The first step in assessing conditions in support of the Environmental Justice Element was to identify disadvantaged communities. “Disadvantaged communities” are defined as low-income areas that are disproportionately affected by environmental pollution and other hazards that can lead to negative health effects, exposure, or environmental degradation (GOV Section 65302[h][4][A]). SB 1000 defines “disadvantaged communities” as those disproportionally burdened by multiple sources of pollution and with population characteristics that make them more sensitive to pollution. As a result, they are more likely to suffer from a lower quality of life and worsened health outcomes compared to areas that are more affluent. To identify disadvantaged communities within a city or county, OPR Guidelinesrecommend utilizing the following screening method (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method
Source: OPR 2020, as adapted by Harris & Associates.

2.1 Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 1:

CalEnviroScreen
CalEnviroScreen is a computer mapping tool published by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) that identifies communities that are most affected by pollution and are especially vulnerable to its adverse effects (OPR 2020). CalEnviroScreen uses several factors, called “indicators” to determine whether a community is disadvantaged and disproportionately affected by pollution. These indicators fall into two main categories labeled “pollution burden” and “population characteristics.” Pollution burden indicators include exposure indicators that measure different types of pollution to which residents may be exposed and the proximity of environmental hazards to a community. Population characteristics represent characteristics of the community that can make them more susceptible to environmental hazards (such as poverty, low educational attainment, and linguistic isolation). These main categories can be separated into four distinct sub-categories: 1) Exposure, 2) Environmental Effect, 3) Sensitive Population, and 4) Socioeconomic Factor. A summary of the CalEnviroScreen indicators and how they relate to environmental justice is outlined in Table 1.

Section2 Disadvantaged Communities
The first step in assessing conditions in support of the Environmental Justice Element was to identify disadvantaged communities. “Disadvantaged communities” are defined as low-income areas that are disproportionately affected by environmental pollution and other hazards that can lead to negative health effects, exposure, or environmental degradation (GOV Section 65302[h][4][A]). SB 1000 defines “disadvantaged communities” as those disproportionally burdened by multiple sources of pollution and with population characteristics that make them more sensitive to pollution. As a result, they are more likely to suffer from a lower quality of life and worsened health outcomes compared to areas that are more affluent. To identify disadvantaged communities within a city or county, OPR Guidelines recommend utilizing the following screening method (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method
+([/ +/ sp
HN == SS

1. 2. 3. 4.

Map the planning area Map the planning area Map the area at or below the Incorporate community- Environmental Justice census tracts that have a census tracts at or below Department of Housing and specific data and examine Screen combined score of 75% or statewide median income. Community Development's for additional pollution higher in CalEnviroScreen. state income limits. burden.

Source: OPR 2020, as adapted by Harris & Associates.

2.1 Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 1:

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 3 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 4 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Table 1. CalEnviroScreen Categories and Indicators
Category Rationale Sub-Category Indicator
Pollution Burden Exposure to hazardous
substances can cause and/or
worsen certain health
conditions.

Exposure
Ozone concentrations in air
PM 2.5 concentrations in air
Diesel particulate matter emissions
Drinking water contaminants
Use of high-hazard, high-volatility
pesticides
Toxic releases from facilities
Traffic Density
Environmental Effect
Toxic cleanup sites
Groundwater threats from leaking
underground storage
Hazardous waste facilities and generators
Impaired water bodies
Solid waste sites and facilities
Population
Characteristics
People with lower income
levels, educational attainment
and fluency in English tend to
live in areas that are more
affected by air pollution and
other environmental toxins. In
addition, certain health
conditions may be caused or
worsened by toxins in the
environment.

Sensitive Population
Asthma emergency department visits
Cardiovascular disease (emergency
department visits for heart attacks)
Low birth-weight infants
Socioeconomic
Factor
Educational attainment
Housing burdened low-income households
Linguistic Isolation
Poverty
Unemployment
Source: CalEPA 2017.

CalEnviroScreen uses a weighted scoring system to derive average pollution burden and population scores for each census tract1, and arrives at the final CalEnviroScreen score by multiplying the pollution burden and population characteristics components together.2 CalEnviroScreen converts indicator scores to percentiles that can be compared with other areas throughout the state. In general, the higher the score or percentile, the more impacted a community is compared to other areas of the state. For example, a 75th percentile score means that the census tract is higher (more burdened) than 75 percent of other census tracts in California. Census tracts in the highest quartile of scores (75 to 100) are considered to be disadvantaged communities under SB 1000.

Census tracts in the City range in percentile scores between 34 and 88. Only the northern tip of one census tract (0162.02) intersecting the City exceeds the 75th percentile and, therefore, is considered to be disadvantaged, as shown in Figure 2.
1 Although some census tracts follow City boundaries, others overlap City boundaries. As a result, CalEnviroScreen Scores at the census tract level may be affected by conditions outside the jurisdiction’s authority (e.g., City of El Cajon). 2 The CalEnviroScreen website can be found at https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen.

Table 1. CalEnviroScreen Categories and Indicators
Category Rationale Sub-Category Indicator
Ozone concentrations in air
PM 25 concentrations in air
Diesel particulate matter emissions
Drinking water contaminants Exposure Use of high-hazard, high-volatility pesticides ; Exposure to hazardous
Pollution Burden substances can cause and/or Toxic releases from facilities worsen certain health Traffic Density
conditions. ; ; Toxic cleanup sites
Groundwater threats from leaking
underground storage
Environmental Effect Hazardous waste facilities and generators Impaired water bodies
Solid waste sites and facilities
Asthma emergency department visits
Cardiovascular disease (emergency
department visits for heart attacks)
People with lower income
levels, educational attainment | Sensitive Population
and fluency in English tend to
live in areas that are more Low birth-weight infants
Population affected by air pollution and Educational attainment Characteristics other environmental toxins. In addition, certain health Housing burdened low-income households conditions may be caused or Socioeconomic Linguistic Isolation worsened by toxins in the : Poverty environment. Unemployment Source: CalEPA 2017.

CalEnviroScreen uses a weighted scoring system to derive average pollution burden and population scores for each census tract!, and arrives at the final CalEnviroScreen score by multiplying the pollution burden and population characteristics components together.” CalEnviroScreen converts indicator scores to percentiles that can be compared with other areas throughout the state. In general, the higher the score or percentile, the more impacted a community is compared to other areas of the state. For example, a 75th percentile score means that the census tract is higher (more burdened) than 75 percent of other census tracts in California. Census tracts in the highest quartile of scores (75 to 100) are considered to be disadvantaged communities under SB 1000.

Census tracts in the City range in percentile scores between 34 and 88. Only the northern tip of one census tract (0162.02) intersecting the City exceeds the 75th percentile and, therefore, is considered to be disadvantaged, as shown in Figure 2.
’ Although some census tracts follow City boundaries, others overlap City boundaries. As a result, CalEnviroScreen Scores at the census tract level may be affected by conditions outside the jurisdiction’s authority (e.g., City of El Cajon). ? The CalEnviroScreen website can be found at https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 4 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 5 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 2.

Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 1:

CalEnviroScreen
7_: City Boundary
(_) Census Tracts
©) Disadvantaged Community County of San Diego
CalEnviroScreen Score
<25%
25 - 50%
50 - 75% ae
m™ > 75% i
I
i
i
!
San Diego 1
f i
| i
| i | —
i ° { a 7 OODSID A
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é Ag [Source UrbanFootprint 2018. :
4 0158.01
cay of Santee Justice EI Figure 2.
nvironmen I men . ng: . onmental Justice Element Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 1:

CalEnviroScreen
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 5 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 6 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element

2.2 Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 2: Statewide Median Income
In addition to utilizing CalEnviroScreen, OPR Guidelines recommend mapping low-income areas to identify other areas of the City that may be underserved, but do not qualify as disadvantaged communities in CalEnviroScreen. The average statewide median household income (in 2018 dollars) between 2015 and 2019 was $95,100. Figure 3 identifies census tracts that meet the second criteria for the OPR disadvantaged communities guidelines - that the median household income is below the statewide household median income and that at least one of the CalEnviroScreen exposure indicators is in the highest 25 percent of all California tracts for that specific indicator. Only the northern tip of one census tract (0162.02) intersecting the City is below the statewide median income threshold and is considered disadvantaged, as shown in Figure 3.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 6 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 7 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 3.

Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 2:

Statewide Median Income
— i_: City Boundary
Census Tracts
©) Disadvantaged Community
Census Tracts at or Below Statewide Median
Income
County of San Diego
i
I
' I Hi
I :
r \ I
i
:
i aoe
ea “a : PA WOOD SIDLEY ag
0166.05
Source: UrbanFootprint 2018.

Uae 0165.02 { 0165.04)
JEl Cajon
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element
Figure 3.

Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 2:

Statewide Median Income
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment
City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
7 July 2023
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 8 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element

2.3 Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 3: HCD State Income Limit
OPR Guidelines also recommend screening for areas that are below the California Department of Housing and Community Development’s (HCD) state income limits. Income limits reflect updated median income and household income levels for extremely low-, very low-, low-, and moderateincome households for California’s 58 counties. The 2021 State Income Limits are on the department’s website at https://www.hcd.ca.gov/grants-funding/income-limits/state-and-federalincome-limits/docs/income-limits-2021.pdf. HCD’s 2021 state income limits (Table 2) went into effect on April 30, 2020. Table 2 shows that the median income for a four-person household (“baseline”) in County of San Diego (County) is $95,100. Income limits are adjusted for family size based on the “baseline” four-person household. Median income thresholds were used to identify census tracts below the state income limit in Figure 4.

Table 2. HCD 2021 State Income Limits by Household Size Source: HCD 2021
Figure 4 identifies four census tracts (0162.02, 0166.17, 0166.16, 0166.05) intersecting the City with an average median household income below HCD’s state income limits for the specified region and with at least one of the CalEnviroScreen exposure indicators in the highest 25 percent of all California tracts for that specific indicator.

Table 2. HCD 2021 State Income Limits by Household Size Number of PersonsinHousehold:| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 8 Extremely Low 25450 | 29100 | 32750 | 36350 | 39300 | 42200 | 45100 48000 San Diego County Very Low Income 42450 | 48500 | 54550 | 60600 | 65450 70300 | 75150 80000 Area Median Income: |Low Income 67900 | 77600 | 87300 | 97000 | 104800 | 112550 | 120300] 128050 $95,100 Median Income | 66550 | 76100 | 85600 | 95100 | 102700 | 110300 | 117900] 125550 Moderate Income | 79850 | 91300 | 102700 | 114100] 123250 | 132350 | 141500] 150600 Source: HCD 2021
Figure 4 identifies four census tracts (0162.02, 0166.17, 0166.16, 0166.05) intersecting the City with an average median household income below HCD’s state income limits for the specified region and with at least one of the CalEnviroScreen exposure indicators in the highest 25 percent of all California tracts for that specific indicator.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 8 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 9 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 4.

Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 3:

HCD State Income Limits
i_: City Boundary
(_) Census Tracts
©) Disadvantaged Community County of San Diego
a Census Tracts at or Below CDHCD's State
Income Limits
San Diego

PA IGODSIDE NE
EJE COCE Siste income mad
Se Gea ti
0166.16)

FANITA DR,
62027 - Lextavedby
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[source UrbanFootprint 2018.

City of Santee Figure 4.

Environmental Justice Element se
Disadvantaged Communities Screening Method 3:

HCD State Income Limits
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 9 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 10 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element

2.4 Disadvantaged Communities Screening Results
The City overlaid each individual screening criteria layer (Disadvantaged Communities Screening Methods 1-3) to identify all census tracts within the City considered to be disadvantaged. Figure 5 shows the results of the disadvantaged communities screening method. As shown in Figure 5, disadvantaged communities are located in the southernmost portions of the City, west of State Route (SR-) 67, south of Mission Gorge Road, and bound by the City boundary to the west and south. The Existing Conditions Assessment assesses to what extent designated disadvantaged communities are more exposed to environmental burdens or lacks access to public goods and services. When there are designated disadvantaged communities in a local jurisdiction, the State requires the Environmental Justice Element to identify objectives and policies to reduce unique or compounded health risks, promote civic engagement in public decision-making processes, and prioritize improvements and programs in disadvantaged communities.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 10 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 11 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 5.

City of Santee Disadvantaged Communities
i? City Boundary
Census Tracts
©) Disadvantaged Community County of San Diego
v4 I
San Diego Ww I
/ # I
I
: i 3 as
J PASSA SIDEZAVE | i 7 ae aa
0166.05
a 0165.02 0165.04
EI Cajon
Source: UrbanFootprint 2018.

City of Santee Figure 5.

Environmental Justice Element City of Santee Disadvantaged Communities Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 11 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 12 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
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Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 12 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 13 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Section 3 Pollution Exposure
The following section documents the conditions and factors that contribute to local pollution and identifies areas within the City that experience greater exposure to air and water pollution.

3.1 Air Quality
The City of Santee is located in the San Diego Air Basin (SDAB), and falls under the regulatory authority of the San Diego Air Pollution Control District (SDAPCD). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) designate air basins or portions of air basins and counties as being in “attainment” or “nonattainment” for criteria pollutants. Areas that do not meet the standards are classified as nonattainment areas. The USEPA classifies the SDAB as nonattainment for 8-Hour Ozone (SDAPCD). Additionally, CARB classifies the SDAB as in nonattainment with the California Ambient Air Quality Standards for 8- Hour Ozone, 1-Hour Ozone, PM10, and PM2.5.

Although air quality is generally regarded as a regional issue, there are also local contributors to air pollution in and near the City. Proximity to high-volume roadways, hazardous waste sites, and heavy industrial land use types and other high-emission sources can result in adverse health impacts. Disadvantaged communities are often disproportionately subjected to adverse air quality due to proximity to polluting activities and are more likely to have underlying medical conditions that may be worsened by pollution.

Poor air quality can result in negative health outcomes ranging from higher rates of asthma to cardiovascular disease and even premature death (CARB 2020). To assess residents’ potential exposure to polluting activities, the City identified residential parcels near major roads & highways and industrial activities, identified as indicators in Table 3.

3.1. Air Quality
The City of Santee is located in the San Diego Air Basin (SDAB), and falls under the regulatory authority of the San Diego Air Pollution Control District (SDAPCD). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) designate air basins or portions of air basins and counties as being in “attainment” or “nonattainment” for criteria pollutants. Areas that do not meet the standards are classified as nonattainment areas. The USEPA classifies the SDAB as nonattainment for 8-Hour Ozone (SDAPCD). Additionally, CARB classifies the SDAB as in nonattainment with the California Ambient Air Quality Standards for 8- Hour Ozone, 1-Hour Ozone, PMio, and PM2.s.

Table 3. Indicators to Identify Areas with Greater Exposure to Air Pollution Indicator Description
Proximity of residential zones to major roads Residential parcels near high-traffic corridor or major roadway
Proximity of residential zones to industrial activities Residential parcels near industrial parcels Asthma Prevalence Asthma ER Visits/10,000 people by Census Tract Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 13 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 14 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Mobile Sources
The primary contributor of air pollution (approximately 67 percent) in the SDAB is mobile source emissions from cars and trucks traveling on local freeways and roadways (SDAPCD 2016). As shown in Figure 6, nitrogen oxides (NOx) from on-road vehicles, including motor vehicles operating on roads, highway ramps, and during idling that use gasoline, diesel, and other fuels – account for approximately 50 percent of oxides and nitrogen emissions. In comparison, NOx emissions from stationary sources – which includes factories, boilers, cement plants, and power plants – account for approximately 6 percent of SDAB’s emissions.

Figure 6. SDAB NOx Emission Trends
Source: SDAPCD 2016
The City boundary intersects several freeways including SR-52, SR-67, and SR-125. As shown in Figure 7, there are many residential land uses in close proximity to these freeways in the City’s disadvantaged communities. Approximately 40 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated that air pollution from traffic and roadways made it difficult to have good health and living conditions (City of Santee 2021).

Mobile Sources
The primary contributor of air pollution (approximately 67 percent) in the SDAB is mobile source emissions from cars and trucks traveling on local freeways and roadways (SDAPCD 2016). As shown in Figure 6, nitrogen oxides (NOx) from on-road vehicles, including motor vehicles operating on roads, highway ramps, and during idling that use gasoline, diesel, and other fuels — account for approximately 50 percent of oxides and nitrogen emissions. In comparison, NOx emissions from stationary sources — which includes factories, boilers, cement plants, and power plants — account for approximately 6 percent of SDAB’s emissions.

Figure 6. SDAB NOx Emission Trends
250)
200)
E 150
5 B Other Mobile Sources
a
M m Onroad
= 100 B Areawide
m@ Stationary
50)
0 Vear
Source: SDAPCD 2016
The City boundary intersects several freeways including SR-52, SR-67, and SR-125. As shown in Figure 7, there are many residential land uses in close proximity to these freeways in the City’s disadvantaged communities. Approximately 40 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated that air pollution from traffic and roadways made it difficult to have good health and living conditions (City of Santee 2021).

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 14 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 15 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element
Figure 7.

Residential Relative to Freeways
os i_: City Boundary
©) Disadvantaged Community
=== |nterstate
State Route
Residential Parcels
San Diego
County of San Diego
El Cajon
Source: Homeland Infrastructure Foundation Data 2018; @) City of Santee 2021b; UrbanFooiprint 2018. |
City of Santee Figure 7.

Environmental Justice Element Residential Relative to Freeways Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 15 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
July 2023
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 16 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Stationary Sources
While stationary sources of pollution make up a much smaller percentage of total emission sources in the SDAB, the City has several sources of point source air pollution, including the Sycamore Landfill to the northwest of the City, the Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Miramar airport to the west of the City, and Gillespie Field to the South. Though these facilities are not regulated or owned by the City, the City acknowledges the potential health risk to those living in close proximity to these facilities.

Of these facilities, the Gillespie Field Airport is located closest to the City’s disadvantaged communities, less than one mile south of the City’s boundary, on County property located in El Cajon. Residents have expressed concern of increased emissions, air traffic, noise, and low-level flights over homes. The City acknowledges that living near industrial facilities and other industrialbased land uses exposes residents to greater levels of air quality contaminants, and increases the likelihood of associated health impacts. Figure 8 identifies residential land uses near industrial land use types. As shown in Figure 8, there are some residential areas (including mobile home and multi-family land uses) in the southern portion of the City along Prospect Avenue that are located in close proximity to industrial land uses. Nearly 17 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated that air pollution from industrial activity limited their ability to have good health and living conditions (City of Santee 2021).

Greater levels of exposure to air contaminants from industrial activity can result in negative health impacts, such as asthma. Figure 9 shows the distribution of asthma prevalence throughout the City (defined as the number of asthma emergency room visits per 10,000 people). The map indicates that the southern portion of the City, near Gillespie Field and other industrial land uses, has the highest asthma prevalence. The City averages approximately 35 asthma emergency department visits per 10,000 people, compared to 41 countywide (CEC 2018).

While asthma is commonly associated with poor air quality, other potential contributors to high asthma rates include substandard housing conditions (such as excessive moisture and dampness, poor heating and ventilation systems, deteriorated carpeting, second-hand smoke, etc.), as discussed in Section 7.1.

Stationary Sources
While stationary sources of pollution make up a much smaller percentage of total emission sources in the SDAB, the City has several sources of point source air pollution, including the Sycamore Landfill to the northwest of the City, the Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Miramar airport to the west of the City, and Gillespie Field to the South. Though these facilities are not regulated or owned by the City, the City acknowledges the potential health risk to those living in close proximity to these facilities.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 16 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 17 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element
Figure 8.

Residential Relative to Industrial
we i_: City Boundary
©) Disadvantaged Community
Residential Parcels County of San Diego
@ Industrial Parcels
San Diego
fee EJE Residertiol nese fishes) Risk ond Resilience! Santee GS) Mac PelutieriSant sxci Baste © MseRindy De ods recbox (Herds $4 edby Randy Deceit — 2027 - Leste Source: Ciyt of Santee 202 1b; UrbanFootprint 2018.

City of Santee Figure 8.

Environmental Justice Element Residential Relative to Industrial Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 17 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 18 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 9.

Asthma Prevalence
oe 1. City Boundary
(_) Census Tracts
©) Disadvantaged Community
Rate of Emergency Department
Visits for Asthma per 10,000 People
<20
20 - 30
30-35
@ 35-50
@ >50
San Diego

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e| [ Ssource CEC 2018; UrbanFootprint 2018.

City of Santee Figure 9.

Environmental Justice Element Asthma Prevalence
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 18 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 19 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element

3.2 Water Quality, Accessibility, and Affordability
Assembly Bill (AB) 685 (2012) added Section 106.3 to the California Water Code, which declares that “every human being has the right to safe, clean, affordable, and accessible water adequate for human consumption, cooking, and sanitary purposes.” More recently, SB 200 (2019) directed the State to “bring true environmental justice” to its residents, and to “begin to address the continuing disproportionate environmental burdens in the state by creating a fund, known as the Safe and Affordable Drinking Water Fund, to provide safe drinking water in every California community, for every Californian” (CA Water Boards 2020).

The City of Santee receives its water from Padre Dam Municipal Water District (PDMWD), which imports 100 percent of its drinking water supply from the San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA). The water PDMWD imports through the SDCWA comes from the State Water Project and the Colorado River Aqueduct. PDMWD services residents of Santee, El Cajon, Blossom Valley Crest, Harbison Canyon, Alpine, and Lakeside.

As recommended by OPR Guidelines, the City employed OEHHA indicators to assess water quality, accessibility, and affordability.

Water Quality
As shown in Table 4, the PDMWD scored 0 out of 4 (with zero being the best) for water quality and each sub-component and indicator, which indicates acceptable levels of water contaminant concentrations and a high level of compliance with regulatory standards. More information on the methodology for each indicator can be found in the 2020 Achieving the Human Right to Water in California: Assessment of the State’s Community Water Systems (CalEPA 2020).

Table 4. OEHHA Right to Water, Water Quality Indicator Scores Sub-Component Indicator Description Score Score Explanation Exposure High Potential
Exposure
Identifies how many contaminants (out of
19) had at least one year with an average
annual concentration above MCL.
0 The water system had
0 contaminants with
high potential
exposure
Presence of Acute
Contaminants
Identifies if any of the contaminants for
which there was high potential exposure are
acute contaminants as defined by
regulatory standards.
0 The water system had
0 acute contaminants
with high potential
exposure.

Duration of High
Potential Exposure
Identifies for how long high potential
exposure occurred for each of the 19
contaminants.
0 The water system had
0 years of high
potential exposure.

Data Availability Identifies whether data exists for 14 contaminants that should have data
following monitoring requirements
0 The water system had
all 14 contaminants
with the minimum
required data in the
time period.

As recommended by OPR Guidelines, the City employed OEHHA indicators to assess water quality, accessibility, and affordability.

Table 4. OEHHA Right to Water, Water Quality Indicator Scores Sub-Component Indicator Description Score | Score Explanation Exposure High Potential Identifies how many contaminants (out of 0 The water system had Exposure 19) had at least one year with an average 0 contaminants with annual concentration above MCL. high potential
exposure
Presence of Acute Identifies if any of the contaminants for 0 The water system had Contaminants which there was high potential exposure are 0 acute contaminants acute contaminants as defined by with high potential
regulatory standards. exposure.

Duration of High Identifies for how long high potential 0 The water system had Potential Exposure exposure occurred for each of the 19 0 years of high contaminants. potential exposure.

Data Availability Identifies whether data exists for 14 0 The water system had contaminants that should have data all 14 contaminants
following monitoring requirements with the minimum
required data in the
time period.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 19 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 20 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Table 4. OEHHA Right to Water, Water Quality Indicator Scores Sub-Component Indicator Description Score Score Explanation Non-Compliance Non-compliance with
primary drinking
water standards
Counts how many contaminants received
an MCL violation at least once from 2011-
2019 for 18 out of 19 contaminants.
0 The water system had
0 contaminants with
MCL violations.

Maximum Duration of
Non-Compliance
Score
Sums the total number of years for which a
system had at least 1 MCL violation in a
given year (from 2011-2019), for each
contaminant.
0 The water system had
0 years of noncompliance
Source: CalEPA 2020.

Notes: MCL = Maximum Contaminant Levels
As indicated in Table 4, PDMWD’s potable water supply meets state and federal drinking water standards. In 2019, the PDMWD’s Water Quality Report found that drinking water met or surpassed every public health requirement set by the SWRCB and the USEPA, with the exception of one incident at the Twin Oaks Treatment Plant3 (PDMWD 2019).

Only 12 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated they were concerned with water quality from industrial activity, though some noted that they were concerned with water quality in general (not just from industrial activity) (City of Santee 2021).

Separate from the potable water drinking system, stormwater runoff water quality can also be affected by illicit discharges, or the release of any non-rain water to the storm drain system. The City of Santee maintains a list of illegal discharges reported through a resident hotline, the City website, and by City employees.

Illicit discharges often involve the following pollutant sources:
• Cooking grease, oil, or residue
• Dust, dirt, drain clog or construction issue
• Over-irrigation or line breaks
• Metal fragments/shavings, or rust
• Any fluid or leak from a vehicle or machinery
• Trash, recycling, or organic matter disposed of illegally • Pool water or chemicals
• Transport of sewage, fecal coliform, or bacteria
• Pressure or car washing
Figure 10 identifies areas with higher concentrations of illicit discharges. Water, sediment, and oil were the most common pollutants reported between 2018 and 2021 3 The San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA) experienced a treatment process failure at its regional treatment plant (Twin Oaks).

Table 4. OEHHA Right to Water, Water Quality Indicator Scores Sub-Component Indicator Description Score | Score Explanation Non-Compliance | Non-compliance with | Counts how many contaminants received 0 The water system had primary drinking an MCL violation at least once from 2011- 0 contaminants with water standards 2019 for 18 out of 19 contaminants. MCL violations.

Maximum Duration of | Sums the total number of years for which a 0 The water system had Non-Compliance system had at least 1 MCL violation in a 0 years of nonScore given year (from 2011-2019), for each compliance contaminant.

Source: CalEPA 2020.

Illicit discharges often involve the following pollutant sources:
e Cooking grease, oil, or residue
e Dust, dirt, drain clog or construction issue
e Over-irrigation or line breaks
e Metal fragments/shavings, or rust
e Any fluid or leak from a vehicle or machinery
e Trash, recycling, or organic matter disposed of illegally e Pool water or chemicals
e Transport of sewage, fecal coliform, or bacteria
e Pressure or car washing
Figure 10 identifies areas with higher concentrations of illicit discharges. Water, sediment, and oil were the most common pollutants reported between 2018 and 2021 3 The San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA) experienced a treatment process failure at its regional treatment plant (Twin Oaks).

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 20 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 21 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 10.

Storm Water Illicit Discharges
+ 1. City Boundary
©) Disadvantaged Community
Pollutants County of San Diego
© Chemical
OD Litter
6 Ol
e Other
Sediment
Sewage
Trash
Water
a # }
San Diego
fee EJE ligt Ciachavges md Hep PoluicrSen istes/ ish sod Resilience Sepinel GS: depo El Cajon
sued by RondyDeode: - Path ¢ \Users'Rendy Deals! Dronbos (aris GOT - Lasts Source: City of Santee 2021f. UrbanFootprint 2018. sa)
City of Santee Figure 10.

Environmental Justice Element Storm Water Illicit Discharges Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 21 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 22 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Accessibility
In addition to water quality, the OEHHA Right to Water Framework assesses water accessibility, defined by Padre Dam’s ability to provide sufficient and continuous amounts of water to meet everyday household needs (CalEPA 2020). As shown in Table 5, the Padre Dam’s water system scored 0 out of 4 for water accessibility, indicating good accessibility.

Table 5. OEHHA Right to Water, Water Accessibility Indicator Scores Sub-Component Indicator Description Score Score Explanation Physical
Vulnerability
Physical Vulnerability to
Water Outages
Examines the system’s main water
source and how many permanent and
back up sources a system could use in
the case of emergency
0 The system has 4 or
more sources of
surface, groundwater,
or combined
groundwater-surface
water.

Source: CalEPA 2020.

Affordability
Another important aspect of environmental justice is ensuring residents (customers) can afford to pay for water to meet their household needs, taking into consideration other household living expenses, as well as the direct and indirect costs associated with obtaining access to the water (CalEPA 2020). The PDMWD scored 3 out of 4 for water affordability based on the indicators listed in Table 6 below.

Table 6. OEHHA Right to Water, Water Affordability Indicator Scores Indicator Description Score Score Explanation
Affordability Ratio for Median
Household Income (MHI)
Measures the annual system-wide
average water bill for 6 hundred cubic feet
relative to the annual MHI of the water
system
2 The average water
bill ranges from

0.75% to 1% of the
MHI.

Affordability Ratio for County
Poverty Threshold (CPT)
Measures the annual system-wide
average water bill for 6 hundred cubic feet
relative to the County poverty threshold
for the water system’s County.
4 The average water
bill is >=2.5% of
CPT
Affordability Ratio for Deep
Poverty Threshold (DPT)
Measures the annual system-wide
average water bill for 6 hundred cubic feet
relative to the County deep poverty
threshold for the water system’s County
4 The average water
bill is >=2.5% of
DPT
Source: CalEPA 2020.

Accessibility
In addition to water quality, the OEHHA Right to Water Framework assesses water accessibility, defined by Padre Dam’s ability to provide sufficient and continuous amounts of water to meet everyday household needs (CalEPA 2020). As shown in Table 5, the Padre Dam’s water system scored 0 out of 4 for water accessibility, indicating good accessibility.

Table 5. OEHHA Right to Water, Water Accessibility Indicator Scores Sub-Component Indicator Description Score | Score Explanation Physical Physical Vulnerability to | Examines the system’s main water 0 The system has 4 or Vulnerability Water Outages source and how many permanent and more sources of back up sources a system could use in surface, groundwater, the case of emergency or combined
groundwater-surface
water.

Source: CalEPA 2020.

Table 6. OEHHA Right to Water, Water Affordability Indicator Scores Indicator Description Score Score Explanation
Affordability Ratio for Median Measures the annual system-wide 2 The average water Household Income (MHI) average water bill for 6 hundred cubic feet bill ranges from relative to the annual MHI of the water 0.75% to 1% of the system MHI.

Affordability Ratio for County Measures the annual system-wide 4 The average water Poverty Threshold (CPT) average water bill for 6 hundred cubic feet bill is >=2.5% of relative to the County poverty threshold CPT
for the water system's County.

Affordability Ratio for Deep Measures the annual system-wide 4 The average water Poverty Threshold (DPT) average water bill for 6 hundred cubic feet bill is >=2.5% of relative to the County deep poverty DPT
threshold for the water system's County
Source: CalEPA 2020.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 22 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 23 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Low-income populations spend a greater percentage of their income on utility bills, and many may struggle to afford their water bill. According to the OEHHA Right to Water Tool, PDMWD does not perform as well with respect to water affordability as it did for water quality and accessibility.

Nevertheless, PDMWD meets the federal water affordability target. The USEPA defines water affordability as a rate below four percent of Median Household Income (MHI) – two percent for water and two percent for wastewater. As shown in the Affordability Ratio for Median Household Income, the average water bill ranges from 0.75 percent to less than 1 percent of the Median Household Income.

Key Findings: Pollution Exposure
The City assessed disadvantaged communities exposure to air and water pollution. Disadvantaged communities experience greater exposure to air pollutants due to their proximity to high-traffic corridors and industrial activity.

While drinking water quality is not an issue for the City, Santee’s disadvantaged communities experience greater instances of chemical, sediment, and sewage pollutants from illicit storm water discharges due to their proximity to the San Diego River; however, these discharges do not impact the community’s potable water quality. Though not analyzed explicitly in this section due to lack of data availability, the pollution source that residents (46 percent of Community Survey respondents) are most concerned about is the prevalence of trash and debris throughout the City (City of Santee 2021), with many specifically pointing to homeless encampments along the river as a source of the pollution.

Low-income populations spend a greater percentage of their income on utility bills, and many may struggle to afford their water bill. According to the OEHHA Right to Water Tool, PDMWD does not perform as well with respect to water affordability as it did for water quality and accessibility.

Nevertheless, PDMWD meets the federal water affordability target. The USEPA defines water affordability as a rate below four percent of Median Household Income (MHI) — two percent for water and two percent for wastewater. As shown in the Affordability Ratio for Median Household Income, the average water bill ranges from 0.75 percent to less than | percent of the Median Household Income.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 23 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 24 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Section 4 Access to Public Facilities and Services
Access to public facilities and community-serving amenities is important for quality of life, as well as disaster preparedness and recovery capacity. Therefore, an important component of environmental justice is equitable access and connections to public facilities and community services including schools, daycare, public transit, and health care.

The City assessed the access of disadvantaged communities to public facilities and services in Santee, including schools, and daycare centers4 as indicated in Table 7. Several indicators rely on a buffer analysis, which is used to determine proximity or distance of one feature from another.

Buffer analyses are used to identify areas (on a map) within the City that can experience greater environmental exposure or lack physical access to services based on proximity to, or distance from, residential areas. They also provide a metric (approximate percent of residential zoned areas within or outside of a given radius) for the City to gauge progress with respect to a given Environmental Justice Element topic area over time.

Table 7. Indicators to Assess Existing Conditions: Public Facility Access Indicator Description
Walkable Access to Schools Percent of residential parcels further than ½ mile from nearest school Walkable Access to Daycare Centers Percent of residential parcels further than ½ mile from nearest day care center Walkable Access to Transit Percent of residential parcels further than ½ mile from nearest bus stop Transit Affordability Transportation cost as a percentage of income for renters Transit Quality Vehicle miles traveled per capita
Distribution of Health Care Facilities Distribution of medical offices and urgent cares throughout the City Health Insurance Percent of population without health insurance Schools & Daycares
Approximately 33 and 64 percent of residential parcels are within walking distance of schools and day care centers, respectively (Figure 11 and Figure 12). Day care centers refer to child care centers that provide before or after school care, day care, or head start programs. Residential areas in the southeast portion of the City have the least walkable access to schools, as many households are bound by SR-52 and SR-67. Though the southeast portion of the City has the least walkable access to schools, it is not considered to be disadvantaged. Daycare centers are in walkable distance from most residential areas, though the southwest and southeast portions of the City have relatively less access to child care.

While proximity to schools and daycare centers is an important indicator in assessing access, it does not represent the multitude of barriers that prevent low-income families from accessing quality education and daycare services for their children or supplementary resources available to help low4 The assessment only included commercial daycare centers and did not include informal daycare centers in residences.

Section 4 Access to Public Facilities and Services
Access to public facilities and community-serving amenities is important for quality of life, as well as disaster preparedness and recovery capacity. Therefore, an important component of environmental justice is equitable access and connections to public facilities and community services including schools, daycare, public transit, and health care.

The City assessed the access of disadvantaged communities to public facilities and services in Santee, including schools, and daycare centers‘ as indicated in Table 7. Several indicators rely on a buffer analysis, which is used to determine proximity or distance of one feature from another.

Table 7. Indicators to Assess Existing Conditions: Public Facility Access Indicator Description
Walkable Access to Schools Percent of residential parcels further than 4 mile from nearest school Walkable Access to Daycare Centers | Percent of residential parcels further than “4 mile from nearest day care center Walkable Access to Transit Percent of residential parcels further than “4 mile from nearest bus stop Transit Affordability Transportation cost as a percentage of income for renters Transit Quality Vehicle miles traveled per capita
Distribution of Health Care Facilities Distribution of medical offices and urgent cares throughout the City Health Insurance Percent of population without health insurance Schools & Daycares
Approximately 33 and 64 percent of residential parcels are within walking distance of schools and day care centers, respectively (Figure 11 and Figure 12). Day care centers refer to child care centers that provide before or after school care, day care, or head start programs. Residential areas in the southeast portion of the City have the least walkable access to schools, as many households are bound by SR-52 and SR-67. Though the southeast portion of the City has the least walkable access to schools, it is not considered to be disadvantaged. Daycare centers are in walkable distance from most residential areas, though the southwest and southeast portions of the City have relatively less access to child care.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 24 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 25 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
income families to access such services. For example, one key factor in determining access to daycare is affordability. ProjectSAFE is a year round before and after school program operating at eight schools in the Santee School District from 6:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. The out-of-school time program supports the school district through quality child-centered programs that provide a safe environment and a variety of opportunities for children (SSD 2021). Child Development Associates, Inc. (CDA) is a community based, non-profit agency that provides child care reimbursement for parents who cannot afford child care (CDA 2021). The County also offers subsidized child care to qualifying families through their Centralized Eligibility List (SDCCEL 2021). income families to access such services. For example, one key factor in determining access to daycare is affordability. ProjectSAFE is a year round before and after school program operating at eight schools in the Santee School District from 6:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. The out-of-school time program supports the school district through quality child-centered programs that provide a safe environment and a variety of opportunities for children (SSD 2021). Child Development Associates, Inc. (CDA) is a community based, non-profit agency that provides child care reimbursement for parents who cannot afford child care (CDA 2021). The County also offers subsidized child care to qualifying families through their Centralized Eligibility List (SDCCEL 2021).

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 25 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 26 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 11.

Walkable Access to Schools
a+ 7 1_: City Boundary
©) Disadvantaged Community
7) School 1/2-Mile Buffer
& Elementary School
4 High School
(__) Residential Parcels
Residential Parcels Not Within 1/2-Mile of a
School
San Diego
2 BIE School Soceas md see\GiSi) MaiPublisFeciiies Senice’S ere iste) isk ond Risslignae'S.m sci ‘Udgera Randy Dede rechex (Haris & fs dy RendyDecdst - Path Ll
62027 - Lezt svedby RendyDeedet - Path ©
County of San Diego
El Cajon i FF
0 05 1 Mile
Source: City of Santee 2021b; City of Santee 202 jc; @) UrbanFootprint 2018. |
City of Santee Figure 11.

Environmental Justice Element Walkable Access to Schools Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 26 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
July 2023
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 27 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 12.

Walkable Access to Daycare
a i_: City Boundary
©) Disadvantaged Community
@ Day Care Centers
(_) Day Care Centers 1/2-Mile Buffer
{_) Residential Parcels
Residential Parcels Further than 1/2-Mille of a
Day Care Center
San Diego
Core mt ‘gers Rend Ceoda!Dropbss (Harris 5 AasccistealRisk and Resiisnor\S antes GS MecPublick: 2 JED sy amedby RendyDecdst - Pah C County of San Diego
-
oan
El Cajon
| Source: Homeland Infrastructure Foundation Data 2018; 54) “| City of Santee 2021b, UrbanFootprint 2018.

City of Santee Figure 12.

Environmental Justice Element Walkable Access to Daycare Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 27 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
July 2023
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 28 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Public Transit
Studies have shown that a private automobile can cost 13 percent of household income (ITDP 2019). Therefore, access to public transit is another important factor of environmental justice.

Assessing baseline conditions related to public transit routes and stops/stations can help identify areas that could benefit from improved transit. Local transit services, including the trolley and fixed route bus service, is provided by the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS). The project area is also served directly by one trolley transit line provided by MTS: the Green Line.

To assess resident’s access to public transportation, the City identified residential parcels outside of a 0.5-mile radius of City bus stops. Approximately 18 percent of residential parcels are located further than 0.5 mile from the nearest transit stop. As shown on Figure 13, residential parcels in the southwest (non-disadvantaged communities) and southeast area (designated disadvantaged communities) of the City are outside the 0.5-mile buffer. Specifically, the area southwest of Prospect Avenue and Fanita Drive is a disadvantaged community that lacks walkable access to transit. Approximately 22 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated that public transit was not within walking or biking distance from their home (City of Santee 2021).

In addition to physical proximity, transit quality affects resident’s ability to access transit services.

Service via the Green Line is provided on 15-minute headways during the weekday commute and varies from 15- to 20-minute headways on the weekend mid-day hours. Though the Green Line offers an opportunity for residents to access employment opportunities in downtown San Diego by transit, it takes an hour to get from the Santee Green Line to the Santa Fe Depot station downtown (compared to 25 minutes by car). Approximately 31 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated that they do not use public transit because it takes too long (City of Santee 2021). Less than one percent of Santee residents utilize mass transit for their commute compared to 5.1 percent nationally (Best Places 2021) and 2.6 percent county-wide (USD 2018).

Affordability is an important factor in making public transit accessible to all residents. The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD’s) Transportation Cost Index estimates transportation costs as a percent of income for renters.5 Values range from 0 to 100. The higher the transportation cost index value, the lower the cost of transportation in that census tract.

The City has an average transportation cost index value of 68.83, same as the County, indicating generally low costs of transit based on resident incomes. The MTS transit fares are shown below in Table 8.
5 Renters are defined here as a three-person single-parent family with income at 50% of the median income for renters for the region.

Public Transit
Studies have shown that a private automobile can cost 13 percent of household income (ITDP 2019). Therefore, access to public transit is another important factor of environmental justice.

In addition to physical proximity, transit quality affects resident’s ability to access transit services.

Affordability is an important factor in making public transit accessible to all residents. The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD’s) Transportation Cost Index estimates transportation costs as a percent of income for renters.” Values range from 0 to 100. The higher the transportation cost index value, the lower the cost of transportation in that census tract.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 28 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 29 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Table 8. MTS Transit Fares
Type Regular Discounted*
MTS Trolley (One-Way) $2.50 $1.25
MTS Bus (One-Way) $2.50 $1.25
Regional 30-day Pass $72 $23
1-Day Pass $6 $3
Source: MTS 2021
*Senior/Disabled/Medicare
Table 8. MTS Transit Fares
Type Regular Discounted*
MTS Trolley (One-Way) $2.50 $1.25
MTS Bus (One-Way) $2.50 $1.25
Regional 30-day Pass $72 $23
1-Day Pass $6 $3
Source: MTS 2021
*Senior/Disabled/Medicare
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 29 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
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Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 30 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 13.

Walkable Access to Transit
it City Boundary
©) Disadvantaged Community
(1 Transit Stops 1/2-Mile Buffer
e Public Bus Stops
@ Green Line Trolley Station
Bus Route
Trolley Route
(_) Residential Parcels
Residential Parcels Further than 1/2-Mille of a
Transit Stop
San Diego
a3 mad 2 JE Tree: 5. MepPublicE ssocisies| Risk ond Resilience! Seniee'G ‘Users Rend Ge ods Dropbox (Heres 8 4 # amed by RerdyDecdst - Path © ad 05 1 Mle a ye ewes a * : CC —_————— P %_« Source: Cit of Santee 202 1b; Transitlan§ 2019;
4} UrbanFootprint 2018.

County of San Diego
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element
Figure 13.

Walkable Access to Transit
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 30 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
July 2023
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 31 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Health Care
Populations at higher risk to environmental stressors include those who are uninsured or underinsured or lack access to health care. Approximately 10 percent of City residents are uninsured (PHASC 2017). These groups are also the ones more likely to have greater exposure to environmental stress, resulting in more significant physical and mental health impacts that would require health care. Figure 14 maps health care facilities, including urgent care facilities and medical clinics, in the City relative to percent of uninsured adults. Urgent care facilities are defined by any location that is capable of providing emergency medical care and must provide emergency medical treatment beyond what can normally be provided by an EMS unit, must be able to perform surgery, or must be able to provide recuperative care beyond what is normally provided by a doctor’s office. Medical offices refer to offices providing consultation, diagnosis, therapeutic, preventative, or corrective personal treatment services by doctors and small practitioners of medical and healing arts for humans licensed for such practice by the State. There is a greater percent of uninsured adults in the south and southwestern portion of the City, indicating that disadvantaged communities have less access to healthcare services. Only 17 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated that they lacked affordable and nearby health care services (City of Santee 2021).

The County’s Live Well San Diego initiative developed community indicators to measure the collective impact of their programs on health, safety, and quality of life. While there is no data on life expectancy for Santee residents, the data portal reported that 97 percent of the population is “sufficiently healthy to live independently,” up three percent since 2012 and higher than the 95 percent countywide.

Key Findings: Access to Public Facilities and Services
Many residences in disadvantaged communities are not within walking distance to their nearest school. However, residences in disadvantaged communities are generally within walking distance of daycare centers and transit, which can provide residents with opportunities to access other community services without using their personal vehicle. Despite low transit fares and welldistributed bus stops, most residents still rely on their personal vehicle. Nevertheless, 21 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated that heavy traffic restricted access to key destinations. 6 Residents in disadvantaged communities are less likely to have health insurance, which may result in higher rates of avoidable emergency room visits. There are several medical facilities serving the area in and around Santee’s disadvantaged communities.
6 While the Community Survey did not ask about traffic, 21% of respondents mentioned it in the open-ended questions.

Health Care
Populations at higher risk to environmental stressors include those who are uninsured or underinsured or lack access to health care. Approximately 10 percent of City residents are uninsured (PHASC 2017). These groups are also the ones more likely to have greater exposure to environmental stress, resulting in more significant physical and mental health impacts that would require health care. Figure 14 maps health care facilities, including urgent care facilities and medical clinics, in the City relative to percent of uninsured adults. Urgent care facilities are defined by any location that is capable of providing emergency medical care and must provide emergency medical treatment beyond what can normally be provided by an EMS unit, must be able to perform surgery, or must be able to provide recuperative care beyond what is normally provided by a doctor’s office. Medical offices refer to offices providing consultation, diagnosis, therapeutic, preventative, or corrective personal treatment services by doctors and small practitioners of medical and healing arts for humans licensed for such practice by the State. There is a greater percent of uninsured adults in the south and southwestern portion of the City, indicating that disadvantaged communities have less access to healthcare services. Only 17 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated that they lacked affordable and nearby health care services (City of Santee 2021).

Key Findings: Access to Public Facilities and Services
Many residences in disadvantaged communities are not within walking distance to their nearest school. However, residences in disadvantaged communities are generally within walking distance of daycare centers and transit, which can provide residents with opportunities to access other community services without using their personal vehicle. Despite low transit fares and welldistributed bus stops, most residents still rely on their personal vehicle. Nevertheless, 21 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated that heavy traffic restricted access to key destinations. ° Residents in disadvantaged communities are less likely to have health insurance, which may result in higher rates of avoidable emergency room visits. There are several medical facilities serving the area in and around Santee’s disadvantaged communities.
8 While the Community Survey did not ask about traffic, 21% of respondents mentioned it in the open-ended questions.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 31 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 32 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 14.

Population without Health Insurance
i_? City Boundary
(_) Census Tracts
©) Disadvantaged Community
Medical Office
* Urgent Care
Percent Uninsured
<5%
5 - 10%
©) 10 - 15%
@ 15-20%
@ > 20%
5 ay
>
Back SOE
EVEL
gllisS iON GORGE RD
ifRisk end - Pah c
CUYAMA CAST:

Source: Public Health Alliancejof Souther Galifornia 2077; UrbanFootprint 2018.

City of Santee Figure 14.

Environmental Justice Element Date: T1M62027 - Last aved by Population without Health Insurance
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 32 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 33 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
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Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 33 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 34 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Section 5 Access to Healthy Food
While many people associate environmental justice with reducing pollution problems, access to healthy food is similarly essential to improving health outcomes (Kavi et al. 2019). Disadvantaged communities are more likely to have limited access to healthy and affordable foods (PolicyLink 2013). Access to healthy food has become a greater priority given that the percentage of obese adults and children has been increasing, particularly in low-income communities.

Many Californians also experience “food insecurity,” defined as a household’s inability to provide enough food for every person to live an active, healthy life. Although individuals make food choices, those choices are made within the context of what is consistently accessible, affordable, or available. Approximately 11 percent of people in the County experience food insecurity, a decrease in approximately 4 percent since 2015 (UWPHI 2021). However, the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has caused a public health and economic crisis that has resulted in a significant increase in the number of people experiencing food insecurity in 2020 (Feeding America 2020).

The City assessed disadvantaged communities’ access to healthy food in Santee using the indicators listed below (Table 9).

Table 9. Healthy Food Indicators
Sub-Topic Indicator Description
Food Access Food Distribution Sites Number and location of summer meal sites and food banks
Modified Retail Food Environment Index Number of healthy food retailers/ (No. of healthy + No. of less healthy food retailers)
*100
Food Insecurity SNAP Enrollment Percent of population receiving SNAP/CalFresh benefits
SNAP Vendors Location of SNAP/CalFresh Certified Vendors Free or Reduced Lunch Program
Enrollment
Percent of students in Santee School District
that qualify for free and reduced lunches
Community Health Obesity Rate Percent of adults and children that are considered obese
Fast Food/Supermarket Distribution Location of fast food/convenience stores/ supermarkets
Notes: SNAP = Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program Food Access
In addition to financial access, physical access to supermarkets, grocery stores, and other retail food establishments is critical to food security. Food deserts are geographic locations where lowincome neighborhoods lack physical access to supermarkets. Approximately 3 percent of the population in the County have limited access to healthy foods, defined by percentage of the population that is low income and does not live close to a grocery store (UWPHI 2021).

Section5 Access to Healthy Food
While many people associate environmental justice with reducing pollution problems, access to healthy food is similarly essential to improving health outcomes (Kavi et al. 2019). Disadvantaged communities are more likely to have limited access to healthy and affordable foods (PolicyLink 2013). Access to healthy food has become a greater priority given that the percentage of obese adults and children has been increasing, particularly in low-income communities.

The City assessed disadvantaged communities’ access to healthy food in Santee using the indicators listed below (Table 9).

Table 9. Healthy Food Indicators
Sub-Topic Indicator Description
Food Access Food Distribution Sites Number and location of summer meal sites and food banks
Modified Retail Food Environment Index | Number of healthy food retailers/ (No. of healthy + No. of less healthy food retailers)
*100
Food Insecurity SNAP Enrollment Percent of population receiving SNAP/CalFresh benefits
SNAP Vendors Location of SNAP/CalFresh Certified Vendors Free or Reduced Lunch Program Percent of students in Santee School District Enrollment that qualify for free and reduced lunches
Community Health Obesity Rate Percent of adults and children that are considered obese
Fast Food/Supermarket Distribution Location of fast food/convenience stores/ supermarkets
Notes: SNAP = Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program Food Access
In addition to financial access, physical access to supermarkets, grocery stores, and other retail food establishments is critical to food security. Food deserts are geographic locations where lowincome neighborhoods lack physical access to supermarkets. Approximately 3 percent of the population in the County have limited access to healthy foods, defined by percentage of the population that is low income and does not live close to a grocery store (UWPHI 2021).

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 34 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 35 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Figure 15 scores census tracts access to healthy food using the Modified Food Environment Index, which provides an indication (score 0-100) of the number of healthy food retailers relative to the number of less healthy food retailers (CDPH 2020). An index score of zero (lower score) generally corresponds with the concept of a food desert or less access to healthy food. The County’s mean Food Environment Index score is 18.5, compared to the City’s score of 15.9. The southeastern portion of the City to the east of SR-67 (not considered disadvantaged) has the least access to healthy food. Disadvantaged communities; however, still have less access to healthy food than other areas of the City, as shown in Figure 15.

For families that do not have adequate access to healthy foods or are otherwise food insecure, there are several food banks serving Santee residents. In addition to food bank programs, the Summer Meal Program, a federal meal program, provides children from low-income areas access to free nutritious meals during school vacation and off-track periods. There are four summer meal service sites located in the City of Santee. Food banks7 and summer meal sites are mapped in Figure 15 in relation to Modified Food Environment Index scores. The southwest portion of the City has less access to healthy food and is not currently served by a food bank or Summer Meal Program site.

According to the Community Survey, only 12 percent of respondents indicated they lacked grocery stores or markets that provided fresh produce, and 9 percent indicated that affordable produce or food assistance was not accessible to them. Overall, about 9 percent of respondents indicated that lack of access to healthy food was a key issue for the City to address (City of Santee 2021). 7 Food banks include food distribution centers and food pantries.

Figure 15 scores census tracts access to healthy food using the Modified Food Environment Index, which provides an indication (score 0-100) of the number of healthy food retailers relative to the number of less healthy food retailers (CDPH 2020). An index score of zero (lower score) generally corresponds with the concept of a food desert or less access to healthy food. The County’s mean Food Environment Index score is 18.5, compared to the City’s score of 15.9. The southeastern portion of the City to the east of SR-67 (not considered disadvantaged) has the least access to healthy food. Disadvantaged communities; however, still have less access to healthy food than other areas of the City, as shown in Figure 15.

For families that do not have adequate access to healthy foods or are otherwise food insecure, there are several food banks serving Santee residents. In addition to food bank programs, the Summer Meal Program, a federal meal program, provides children from low-income areas access to free nutritious meals during school vacation and off-track periods. There are four summer meal service sites located in the City of Santee. Food banks’ and summer meal sites are mapped in Figure 15 in relation to Modified Food Environment Index scores. The southwest portion of the City has less access to healthy food and is not currently served by a food bank or Summer Meal Program site.

According to the Community Survey, only 12 percent of respondents indicated they lacked grocery stores or markets that provided fresh produce, and 9 percent indicated that affordable produce or food assistance was not accessible to them. Overall, about 9 percent of respondents indicated that lack of access to healthy food was a key issue for the City to address (City of Santee 2021). ’ Food banks include food distribution centers and food pantries.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 35 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 36 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 15.

Food Access
z_: City Boundary
(_) Census Tracts
©) Disadvantaged Community County of San Diego
4% Summer Meal Sites
@ Food Banks
Modified Retail Food Environment
Index 2254] eee
No Healthy Food Outlets

0.1-10

10.1-15
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ee San Diego oe
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Source: California Department of Public Health Nutrition Program 2020; California Department of Education 2021; UrbanFOotprint 2018. : :
8 3
City of Santee Figure 15.

Environmental Justice Element Food Access
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 36 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 37 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Food Insecurity
Food insecurity describes a household’s inability to provide enough food for each person to live a healthy life. Food insecurity is one way to measure and assess the risk of hunger. Numerous programs are available to Santee households to help support nutritious diets and mitigate food insecurity. The Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program, known as CalFresh in California, provides money to needy families to purchase food. Accessing CalFresh benefits increases the purchasing power of low-income families, enabling them to acquire more healthy and nutritious food. Approximately 6 percent of Santee households receive CalFresh benefits to supplement their food expenditures, compared to 7 percent in the County and 9 percent in California (ACS 2019).

Another program that helps families to access healthy food is the Free and Reduced-Price lunch program. The program provides both breakfast and lunch five days a week. Approximately 38 percent of Santee School District students were eligible for free and reduced-price meals in 2019- 2020 (CDE 2020).

In October 2020, Feeding America released a report that provided an analysis of how food insecurity may increase in 2020 due to COVID 19 pandemic. The report identified that prepandemic, the United States had the lowest food insecurity rates in more than 20 years, but that the current crisis has reversed improvements made over the past decade (Feeding America 2020).

Community Health
Obesity increases the risk for many chronic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, and many cancers. While all people may be affected by obesity, lowresource and food insecure communities are particularly vulnerable. According to the State of Childhood Obesity in San Diego 2019 Supplemental Report, approximately 36 percent of children in Santee are considered obese or overweight, slightly higher than the county average of 34 percent (SDCOI 2019). The report provides an update to the 2016 State of Childhood Obesity Report, relying on data collected through the FITNESSGRAM® test. To learn about additional indicators measured and tracked through the County’s Childhood Obesity Initiative and State of Childhood Obesity Report, please visit the initiative’s website here: www.sdcoi.org Food Insecurity
Food insecurity describes a household’s inability to provide enough food for each person to live a healthy life. Food insecurity is one way to measure and assess the risk of hunger. Numerous programs are available to Santee households to help support nutritious diets and mitigate food insecurity. The Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program, known as CalFresh in California, provides money to needy families to purchase food. Accessing CalFresh benefits increases the purchasing power of low-income families, enabling them to acquire more healthy and nutritious food. Approximately 6 percent of Santee households receive CalFresh benefits to supplement their food expenditures, compared to 7 percent in the County and 9 percent in California (ACS 2019).

Community Health
Obesity increases the risk for many chronic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, and many cancers. While all people may be affected by obesity, lowresource and food insecure communities are particularly vulnerable. According to the State of Childhood Obesity in San Diego 2019 Supplemental Report, approximately 36 percent of children in Santee are considered obese or overweight, slightly higher than the county average of 34 percent (SDCOI 2019). The report provides an update to the 2016 State of Childhood Obesity Report, relying on data collected through the FFTNESSGRAM8® test. To learn about additional indicators measured and tracked through the County’s Childhood Obesity Initiative and State of Childhood Obesity Report, please visit the initiative’s website here: www.sdcoi.org Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 37 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 38 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Easy access (close proximity) to fast food restaurants, especially absent adequate access to grocery stores that provide fresh produce, can contribute to higher obesity rates. Low-income and racialethnic minorities are more likely than white residents to live near unhealthy food retailers, which has been associated with poor diet (Cooksey-Stowers et al. 2017). Increasing the number of fullservice grocery stores relative to fast food restaurants in neighborhoods can help to combat these health conditions. Figure 16 maps the location of food retailers by type, including fast food restaurants8
, small markets, and grocery stores9, using data layers developed by the California Department of Public Health Nutrition Education & Obesity Prevention Branch (CHDPH 2020).

Key Findings: Access to Healthy Food
The data presented in the Modified Retail Environment Index suggests that disadvantaged communities have slightly less access to healthy food outlets compared to other areas in the City and the County. Less access to healthy food and higher prevalence of fast food establishments in disadvantaged communities may contribute to higher obesity rates. While the City does have several food banks and summer meal program sites, the southwest portion of the City that is considered disadvantaged is not served by these food distribution sites. Overall, Community Survey respondents felt that they had sufficient access to healthy food. 8 Includes fast food, pizza, and sandwiches.
9 Grocery stores include supermarket chains and large grocery stores.

Easy access (close proximity) to fast food restaurants, especially absent adequate access to grocery stores that provide fresh produce, can contribute to higher obesity rates. Low-income and racialethnic minorities are more likely than white residents to live near unhealthy food retailers, which has been associated with poor diet (Cooksey-Stowers et al. 2017). Increasing the number of fullservice grocery stores relative to fast food restaurants in neighborhoods can help to combat these health conditions. Figure 16 maps the location of food retailers by type, including fast food restaurants*®, small markets, and grocery stores’, using data layers developed by the California Department of Public Health Nutrition Education & Obesity Prevention Branch (CHDPH 2020).

Key Findings: Access to Healthy Food
The data presented in the Modified Retail Environment Index suggests that disadvantaged communities have slightly less access to healthy food outlets compared to other areas in the City and the County. Less access to healthy food and higher prevalence of fast food establishments in disadvantaged communities may contribute to higher obesity rates. While the City does have several food banks and summer meal program sites, the southwest portion of the City that is considered disadvantaged is not served by these food distribution sites. Overall, Community Survey respondents felt that they had sufficient access to healthy food. 8 Includes fast food, pizza, and sandwiches.
® Grocery stores include supermarket chains and large grocery stores.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 38 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 39 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 16.

Select Food Retailers Distribution
z_: City Boundary
©) Disadvantaged Community
(2) Grocery Store
Small Market
@ Fast Food
San Diego
Ss ee x:

County of San Diego SPS WACN OE LCAVE
ASTELY Do
“ey 3
“eed Z
is
= be =
El Cajon i #
Source: California Department of Public Health Nutrition Program 2020; 2) UrbanFootprint 2018.

City of Santee Figure 16.

Environmental Justice Element Select Food Retailers Distribution Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 39 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
July 2023
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 40 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Section 6 Access to Physical Activity and
Recreational Opportunity
Increasing physical activity is one of the most important contributors to improved health. It helps people manage weight; reduces risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and some cancers; and improves mental health and well-being. Cities can work to ensure all residents are able to engage in physical activity and recreation by providing adequate and equitable access to parks and recreational centers, as well as investing in infrastructure that supports active transportation. The City assessed residents’ access to physical activity using the indicators listed in Table 10.

Table 10. Physical Activity and Recreational Opportunity Indicators Indicator Description
Walkable Access to Outdoor
Recreation
Provides a measurement of level of service for any location within the City based on “walkable access” referring to ½ mile proximity (10-minute walk) to outdoor recreation facility (including parks).

Parkland to Resident Ratio Acres of parkland per 1,000 residents Walkable Access to Indoor
Recreation
Provides a measurement of level of service for any location within the City based on “walkable access” referring to ½ mile proximity (10 minute walk) to indoor recreation facility
Walkability/Bikeability The Walkability Index dataset characterizes every Census 2010 block group in the U.S. based on its relative walkability. Also maps the location of bike paths throughout the City.

Bicycle and Pedestrian Collisions Number of pedestrian and bike collisions per capita Top intersections in Santee with highest number of bicycle-involved and pedestrianinvolved collisions, and number of collisions by severity Note: PRMP = Parks and Recreation Master Plan
Parks and Recreation
Just as low-income communities are more likely to live in close proximity to polluting land uses, they are similarly less likely to have equitable access to parks and recreation centers. Recognizing the role planners have in helping communities increase access to healthier living environments, the City has developed and maintained a Parks and Recreation Master Plan. Last updated in 2017, the plan assesses the City’s parks and recreation systems, and plans for future growth of the community.

Section6 Access to Physical Activity and
Recreational Opportunity
Increasing physical activity is one of the most important contributors to improved health. It helps people manage weight; reduces risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and some cancers; and improves mental health and well-being. Cities can work to ensure all residents are able to engage in physical activity and recreation by providing adequate and equitable access to parks and recreational centers, as well as investing in infrastructure that supports active transportation. The City assessed residents’ access to physical activity using the indicators listed in Table 10.

Table 10. Physical Activity and Recreational Opportunity Indicators Indicator Description
Walkable Access to Outdoor
Recreation
Provides a measurement of level of service for any location within the City based on “walkable access” referring to % mile proximity (10-minute walk) to outdoor recreation facility (including parks).

Parkland to Resident Ratio Acres of parkland per 1,000 residents Walkable Access to Indoor
Recreation
Provides a measurement of level of service for any location within the City based on “walkable access” referring to % mile proximity (10 minute walk) to indoor recreation facility
Walkability/Bikeability The Walkability Index dataset characterizes every Census 2010 block group in the U.S. based on its relative walkability. Also maps the location of bike paths throughout the City.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 40 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 41 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
The Plan provides a level of service analysis of the City’s park system. The level of service analysis measures access to recreation by walking, using 15-minute walk time catchment radii around each park. The City supplemented this level of service analysis with one that identifies households that are further than 1/2-mile from a park or school (Figure 17). Schools are included in the analysis because the City, as of 1986, has a joint-use agreement in place with the Santee School District, wherein the District agreed to make available year-round a minimum of five school sites throughout the City for the operation of the City of Santee (City of Santee 1986). Walker Preserve Trail, a 1.3-mile-long linear park, is also included in Figure 17. The trail is along the San Diego River from Magnolia Avenue east to the City limits, connecting to Lakeside Baseball Park and the Lakeside Riverpark Conservancy trail system. Amenities include a picnic shelter, shaded picnic areas, park benches, picnic tables, drinking water fountains, bike racks, and a bike repair station.

The Plan provides a level of service analysis of the City’s park system. The level of service analysis measures access to recreation by walking, using 15-minute walk time catchment radii around each park. The City supplemented this level of service analysis with one that identifies households that are further than 1/2-mile from a park or school (Figure 17). Schools are included in the analysis because the City, as of 1986, has a joint-use agreement in place with the Santee School District, wherein the District agreed to make available year-round a minimum of five school sites throughout the City for the operation of the City of Santee (City of Santee 1986). Walker Preserve Trail, a 1.3-mile-long linear park, is also included in Figure 17. The trail is along the San Diego River from Magnolia Avenue east to the City limits, connecting to Lakeside Baseball Park and the Lakeside Riverpark Conservancy trail system. Amenities include a picnic shelter, shaded picnic areas, park benches, picnic tables, drinking water fountains, bike racks, and a bike repair station.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 41 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 42 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 17.

Walkable Access to Park
—. _ i_: City Boundary
©) Disadvantaged Community
é Joint Use School
@® Lakes
=—— Walker Preserve Trail
Parks and Recreation Sites
Ci Parks 1/2-Mile Buffer
(_) Residential Parcels
Residential Parcels Not Within 1/2-Mile of a
County of San Diego
Park
I
I
I
I
a i . od SI San Diego” aN Nt
/ : Nay 1
a? \ i ]
‘ \ é | }
7 \ é / _ ee ae
a a SS i a)
: a } ‘ 4
3 x = = ; é ; é 1 we ; i
I
3 el Z
‘ El Cajon
| Source: US. EPA2019; City of Santee 2021b;
*! City of Santee 2021d; City of Santee 202 1g; @)
‘| City of Santee 202 1h, UrbanFootprint 2018
City of Santee Figure 17.

Environmental Justice Element Walkable Access to Park
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 42 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 43 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
In general, these level of service analyses suggest that Santee parks are equitably distributed throughout the City; however, the disadvantaged area bound by Magnolia Avenue, Prospect Avenue, Cuyamaca Street, and Mission Gorge Road is not served by a City park. Only 15 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated they lacked parks or recreation centers within walking or biking distance of their home, and only 9 percent indicated that organized activities and sports at neighborhood parks and recreation centers were not available or affordable (City of Santee 2021).

The 2017 Parks and Recreation Master Plan Update provides a list of key findings and recommendations, including additional need for community and neighborhood parks (City of Santee 2017).

6.1 Active Transportation
Active transportation incorporates physical activity into one’s daily routine, such as walking or biking to work, school, or nearby open space or community centers to pursue recreation. According to the National Household Travel Survey (2017), nearly half of the trips people make are under three miles away, and over a fifth are within one mile (FHWA 2017). To help facilitate making these short distance trips by means other than driving, transportation systems can be designed to increase and encourage “active transportation” options (i.e., walking and biking). Providing equitable infrastructure investments to support active transportation can help reduce some of the disparate health outcomes seen across California. Active transportation options also allow for less time spent in vehicles and can help to reduce vehicle miles traveled, resulting in less greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution.

Walkability is a measure of how friendly an area is to walking. Walkability depends upon characteristics of the built environment that influence the likelihood of walking being used as a mode of travel, such as the presence and width of sidewalks, path connection uses, and traffic conditions, including separation from vehicles. Approximately 26 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated there was a lack of sidewalks, crosswalks, and bicycle lanes for people to safely move around the City (City of Santee 2021). Figure 18 identifies existing sidewalks, trails, existing bike paths by class type, and proposed bike paths by class type throughout the City. Bike path class types include the following:
• Class I: Shared-use paths with exclusive right of way for bicyclists and pedestrians, away from the roadway and with minimized cross flows by motor traffic. • Class II: Bike lanes established along streets, defined by pavement striping and signage to delineate a portion of a roadway for bicycle travel. • Class III: Bike routes that designate a preferred route for bicyclists on streets shared with motor traffic not served by dedicated bikeways.
• Class IV: Protected bike lane for the exclusive use of bicycles, physically separated from motor traffic with a vertical feature like posts, parking, or inflexible barriers.

Furthermore, as shown in Figure 18, disadvantaged communities have less sidewalks, trails, and bike paths than other residential areas in the City.

In general, these level of service analyses suggest that Santee parks are equitably distributed throughout the City; however, the disadvantaged area bound by Magnolia Avenue, Prospect Avenue, Cuyamaca Street, and Mission Gorge Road is not served by a City park. Only 15 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated they lacked parks or recreation centers within walking or biking distance of their home, and only 9 percent indicated that organized activities and sports at neighborhood parks and recreation centers were not available or affordable (City of Santee 2021).

The 2017 Parks and Recreation Master Plan Update provides a list of key findings and recommendations, including additional need for community and neighborhood parks (City of Santee 2017).

6.1 Active Transportation
Active transportation incorporates physical activity into one’s daily routine, such as walking or biking to work, school, or nearby open space or community centers to pursue recreation. According to the National Household Travel Survey (2017), nearly half of the trips people make are under three miles away, and over a fifth are within one mile (FHWA 2017). To help facilitate making these short distance trips by means other than driving, transportation systems can be designed to increase and encourage “active transportation” options (i.e, walking and biking). Providing equitable infrastructure investments to support active transportation can help reduce some of the disparate health outcomes seen across California. Active transportation options also allow for less time spent in vehicles and can help to reduce vehicle miles traveled, resulting in less greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution.

Walkability is a measure of how friendly an area is to walking. Walkability depends upon characteristics of the built environment that influence the likelihood of walking being used as a mode of travel, such as the presence and width of sidewalks, path connection uses, and traffic conditions, including separation from vehicles. Approximately 26 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated there was a lack of sidewalks, crosswalks, and bicycle lanes for people to safely move around the City (City of Santee 2021). Figure 18 identifies existing sidewalks, trails, existing bike paths by class type, and proposed bike paths by class type throughout the City. Bike path class types include the following:
e Class I: Shared-use paths with exclusive right of way for bicyclists and pedestrians, away from the roadway and with minimized cross flows by motor traffic. e Class II: Bike lanes established along streets, defined by pavement striping and signage to delineate a portion of a roadway for bicycle travel. e Class Ill: Bike routes that designate a preferred route for bicyclists on streets shared with motor traffic not served by dedicated bikeways.
e Class IV: Protected bike lane for the exclusive use of bicycles, physically separated from motor traffic with a vertical feature like posts, parking, or inflexible barriers.

Furthermore, as shown in Figure 18, disadvantaged communities have less sidewalks, trails, and bike paths than other residential areas in the City.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 43 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 44 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 18.

Pedestrian and Bike Paths
z=? City Boundary
© Disadvantaged Community
—— Existing Sidewalk
—— Existing Trails
Exsiting Bike Paths
—-+ Class |
—-- Class Il
—— Class || Buffered
—-= Class Ill
—= Multi-Use (Paved)
——= Multi-Use (Unpaved)
Proposed Bike Paths
eee Class |
cece Class Il
eeee Class || Buffered
eece Class Ill
eeee Multi-Use (Paved)
County of San Diego aa Te fay =
i 4 ‘ : 3 > " Uh = i
: WAN: { Sent hy
: a me T-SRIUIERCSGIlneel! : iam cee———G "|
: fe 7 ; ost +P] Ney
H va aft” ty
E a sti aati F | ri a Re EAN Ee J £ ~ 3 r Fi a
2 fra
Fi
; a
i 0 05 1 Mie dl
8 Source: US. EPA 2019; City of Santee 202th;
:| City of Santee 2021i. UrbanFootprint 2018.

City of Santee . y Figure 18. Environmental Justice Element Pedestrian and Bike Paths
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 44 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
July 2023
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 45 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
The City of Santee recognizes the value of providing opportunities for local residents and visitors to bicycle for work and recreation, as well as to use off-road trails for hiking, equestrian use, and jogging. Such opportunities help to reduce auto trips, improve the environment, and promote healthy lifestyles.

The City’s bikeway network is shown in Figure 18. As shown in Figure 18, bikeways are welldistributed throughout the City, with an exception of the southeast portion of the City, which only has access to one bikeway along Woodside Avenue. Adding proposed bike lanes along Mission Gorge Road will increase opportunities for residents living in the southeast portion to access more destinations via bike. Furthermore, the City trail network connects to off-site trail networks in other jurisdictions. For example, the trails on the west side of the City connect to the City of San Diego Mission Trails Regional Park.

Residents’ decision to walk or bike instead of drive is also dependent on their perception of the safety of such activities. Figure 19 maps the location of bicycle and pedestrian collisions from 2010 to 2020. As expected, these figures indicate a greater number of collisions occur along major intersections, including:
• Carlton Hills Boulevard & Willowgrove Avenue
• Cuyamaca Street & Mission Gorge Road
• Magnolia Avenue & Woodside Avenue
• Mission Gorge Road & Railroad Avenue
Table 11 compares Santee’s bicycle and pedestrian per capita (per 1,000) collision data between 2010-2015 and 2015-2020. The City has significantly reduced the number of both pedestrian and bicycle collisions in the last five years.

Table 11. Bicycle and Pedestrian Collisions per 1,000 people/yr Collision Type Total 2010-2014* 2015-2020**
Pedestrian 27 0.16 0.09
Bicycle 24 0.20 0.08
Source: UC Berkeley 2020
*Using 2015 ACS Estimate for Population = 56,255
** Using 2019 ACS Estimate for Population = 58,081
The City of Santee recognizes the value of providing opportunities for local residents and visitors to bicycle for work and recreation, as well as to use off-road trails for hiking, equestrian use, and jogging. Such opportunities help to reduce auto trips, improve the environment, and promote healthy lifestyles.

Residents’ decision to walk or bike instead of drive is also dependent on their perception of the safety of such activities. Figure 19 maps the location of bicycle and pedestrian collisions from 2010 to 2020. As expected, these figures indicate a greater number of collisions occur along major intersections, including:
e Carlton Hills Boulevard & Willowgrove Avenue
e Cuyamaca Street & Mission Gorge Road
e Magnolia Avenue & Woodside Avenue
e Mission Gorge Road & Railroad Avenue
Table 11 compares Santee’s bicycle and pedestrian per capita (per 1,000) collision data between 2010-2015 and 2015-2020. The City has significantly reduced the number of both pedestrian and bicycle collisions in the last five years.

Table 11. Bicycle and Pedestrian Collisions per 1,000 people/yr Collision Type Total 2010-2014* 2015-2020**
Pedestrian 27 0.16 0.09
Bicycle 24 0.20 0.08
Source: UC Berkeley 2020
*Using 2015 ACS Estimate for Population = 56,255
** Using 2019 ACS Estimate for Population = 58,081
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 45 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 46 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 19.

Bicycle and Pedestrian Collisions
* City Boundary
o Disadvantaged Community
« Collisions
Collisions per Square Mile
| Max
- Min
San Diego
Tops a o oF MISS
; oa : ~ Fi a if
H = pa ae
3 a
q
a
4 GORGE.RD. inten) Risk and Resiianoe!S mntee\GiS
County of San Diego
S : 1 : g ,
F ElCajon — Ih ee
4 €
Source: Berkley 2020; UrbanFootprint 2018. 54)
City of Santee Figure 19.

Environmental Justice Element Bicycle and Pedestrian Collisions Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 46 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
July 2023
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 47 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
The City’s Mobility Element of the General Plan, adopted in 2017, provides guidance to decisions that expand and improve the transportation system and accommodate the diverse transportation needs of City residents. The first goal of the Mobility Element is to “Ensure that the existing and future transportation system is accessible, safe, reliable, efficient, integrated, convenient, well‐ connected and multimodal,” and “accommodate(s) active transportation,” including pedestrians and bicyclists (City of Santee 2017). The City intends to meet this goal by designing complete streets and developing a “connected system of multi-modal corridors that encourage walking, biking, and riding transit” (City of Santee 2017). The City of Santee has completed the first Active Transportation Plan (Active Santee Plan) that provides a framework for the development of a complete system that accommodates bicyclists and pedestrians.

Key Findings: Access to Physical Activity and Recreation Disadvantaged communities in the southwest portion of the City have less sidewalks and bike paths compared to other areas of the City, limiting the ability to utilize active transportation modes.

Though transportation collisions occur near the intersection of Magnolia Ave. and Mast Blvd., there are a significant number of reported collisions on Mission Gorge Rd., which is a heavily trafficked road to the north of designated disadvantaged communities. Nearly 46 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated that limited access to and deterioration of city infrastructure and facilities that support physical activity; including sidewalks, bicycle lanes, parks, and recreation centers, is the most important issue for the City to address to ensure all residents have access to healthy living conditions (City of Santee 2021).

The City’s Mobility Element of the General Plan, adopted in 2017, provides guidance to decisions that expand and improve the transportation system and accommodate the diverse transportation needs of City residents. The first goal of the Mobility Element is to “Ensure that the existing and future transportation system is accessible, safe, reliable, efficient, integrated, convenient, wellconnected and multimodal,” and “accommodate(s) active transportation,” including pedestrians and bicyclists (City of Santee 2017). The City intends to meet this goal by designing complete streets and developing a “connected system of multi-modal corridors that encourage walking, biking, and riding transit” (City of Santee 2017). The City of Santee has completed the first Active Transportation Plan (Active Santee Plan) that provides a framework for the development of a complete system that accommodates bicyclists and pedestrians.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 47 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 48 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Section 7 Access to Safe, Sanitary, and Affordable Homes Housing location, quality, affordability, and stability have health implications. Often, individuals who experience unique or compounding health risks face multiple, interrelated barriers to accessing safe, stable, and affordable housing (Taylor 2018). The City assessed residents’ access to safe and sanitary homes in Santee using the indicators of housing stock age and cost-burdened households (Table 12).

Table 12. Safe, Sanitary and Affordable Housing Indicators Indicator Description
Age of residential housing stock Age of residential housing stock Substandard Housing Percent of “substandard housing”
Overcrowded Houses Percent of overcrowding of owner/renter households Cost Burdened Households Percent of households who spend more than 30% of income on rent
Notes: MHI = median household income, SCAG = Southern California Association of Governments

7.1 Housing Quality and Safety
The quality of available housing stock has direct health implications. Older housing that has not been maintained or updated can lead to unsafe conditions due to pest infestation, water intrusion, mold, poor insulation, and exposure to toxins, such as lead and second- and third-hand smoke.

Water intrusion, poor insulation, and mold can exacerbate respiratory illnesses such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exposure to lead, a known neurotoxin, can have lifelong health consequences for young children. Figure 20 maps residential housing stock by age, which can be used as a proxy for housing stock quality.

As shown in Figure 20, the majority of older residential buildings are located in the southcentral portion of the City between SR-125 and SR-67. In general, areas with older housing stock are also in areas with higher asthma rates. Excessive moisture and dampness, poor heating and ventilation systems, and deteriorated carpeting, all of which are associated with older, substandard housing, may contribute to asthma prevalence in the City (Krieger 2010). Only 7 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated concern about unsafe or unhealthy conditions in homes (such as lead based paint, mold, poor ventilation, poor insulation, or other needed repairs) (City of Santee 2021).

The American Community Survey includes surveys about three factors of what may be considered substandard housing: availability of telephone service, plumbing facilities, and kitchen facilities.

In Santee, 227 housing units (1.2 percent) lack telephone service, 112 units (0.6 percent) lack plumbing facilities, and 295 units (1.5 percent) lack complete kitchen facilities (ACS 2019).

Approximately 20 percent of Community Survey respondents also indicated that air conditioning is not available or affordable (City of Santee 2021).

Section7 Access to Safe, Sanitary, and Affordable Homes Housing location, quality, affordability, and stability have health implications. Often, individuals who experience unique or compounding health risks face multiple, interrelated barriers to accessing safe, stable, and affordable housing (Taylor 2018). The City assessed residents’ access to safe and sanitary homes in Santee using the indicators of housing stock age and cost-burdened households (Table 12).

7.1. Housing Quality and Safety
The quality of available housing stock has direct health implications. Older housing that has not been maintained or updated can lead to unsafe conditions due to pest infestation, water intrusion, mold, poor insulation, and exposure to toxins, such as lead and second- and third-hand smoke.

The American Community Survey includes surveys about three factors of what may be considered substandard housing: availability of telephone service, plumbing facilities, and kitchen facilities.

In Santee, 227 housing units (1.2 percent) lack telephone service, 112 units (0.6 percent) lack plumbing facilities, and 295 units (1.5 percent) lack complete kitchen facilities (ACS 2019).

Approximately 20 percent of Community Survey respondents also indicated that air conditioning is not available or affordable (City of Santee 2021).

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 48 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 49 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
The Community Survey also asked residents about their perception of safety in their homes. Many survey respondents indicated safety concerns from vagrant populations living near their neighborhood. While only a few indicated concerns about their home being in a fire or flood zone, nearly 17 percent of respondents indicated that flood, fire, or renter’s insurance was not affordable (City of Santee 2021). Community Survey respondents also expressed concern about heavily trafficked neighborhoods, with many cars speeding through residential areas.

The Community Survey also asked residents about their perception of safety in their homes. Many survey respondents indicated safety concerns from vagrant populations living near their neighborhood. While only a few indicated concerns about their home being in a fire or flood zone, nearly 17 percent of respondents indicated that flood, fire, or renter’s insurance was not affordable (City of Santee 2021). Community Survey respondents also expressed concern about heavily trafficked neighborhoods, with many cars speeding through residential areas.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 49 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 50 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 20.

Residential Housing Stock by Year Built
it City Boundary
C) Disadvantaged Community
Year Built
@® 1800s
@® 1900-1912
@® 1920 - 1940
@® 1940 - 1960
@® 1960 - 1980
1980 - 2000
2000 - Present
San Diego
County of San Diego
yo 05 1 Mie
| Source: UrbanFootprint 2018.

El Cajon
ie
pe ieee
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element
Figure 20.

Residential Housing Stock by Year Built
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 50 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
July 2023
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 51 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element

7.2 Housing Affordability
Jurisdictions can take actions to preserve existing quality, affordable housing stock in addition to pursuing a path to create additional affordable housing. Access to affordable housing helps alleviate undue stress suffered from unstable living conditions. Many families in disadvantaged communities often have relatively low and fixed incomes; thus, affordable housing allows them to put their remaining income toward other goods and services, health care needs, and other necessities. Lower housing costs allow for less financial burden and can allow for more time to pursue other healthy behaviors, such as exercise or cooking healthy meals.

When housing prices rise, household occupancy rates often increase, which can result in overcrowded and unsafe living conditions and increase the risk of spreading infectious diseases.

The median value of owner-occupied housing in Santee is $445,500 and the median household income home cost in Santee is $527,600, and the median household income is $87,098. In comparison, the County’s median value of owner-occupied housing is $563,700, and the median household income is $78,980 (ACS 2019). Table 13 compares the average household size between 2020 and 2017 in the City of Santee, relative to the County (ACS 2019).

Table 13. Average Household Size
Jurisdiction 2010 2017
City of Santee 2.72 2.86
County of San Diego 2.75 2.87
Approximately 1.6 percent of owner-occupied households are overcrowded and 6.5 percent of renteroccupied households in the City are overcrowded, defined as a household with more than one person per room (ACS 2019). This suggests that renters are disproportionately affected by overcrowding.

HUD defines moderate cost-burdened households as those “spending more than 30 percent of their income for housing” and severe cost-burdened households as those “spending more than 50 percent of their income on housing” (HUD 2017). Though housing cost burden is measured as a percentage of gross income spent on housing, lower-income households spending the same percent of income on housing as a higher-income household will likely experience more “burden.” Of Santee’s 5,413 renter households, 49 percent are moderate cost-burdened, compared to 51 percent county-wide. Additionally, 24 percent are severely cost-burdened compared to 26 percent for lowincome renters county-wide (ACS 2019; County of San Diego 2021). However, most Santee residents own their home; only 28 percent of households in Santee are renter-occupied (ACS 2015). Only 31 percent of home-owners are considered cost burdened. Nearly 32 percent of Community Survey respondents indicated that housing affordability was an important issue for the City to address in order to ensure all residents have access to good living conditions (City of Santee 2021). More information on housing affordability can be found in the City’s Housing Element.

When housing prices rise, household occupancy rates often increase, which can result in overcrowded and unsafe living conditions and increase the risk of spreading infectious diseases.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 51 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 52 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Key Findings: Access to Safe, Sanitary, and Affordable Homes Though housing costs are less expensive than in other areas in the County and State, 49 percent of renters and 32 percent of home-owners are cost-burdened (ACS 2019). Disadvantaged communities are more likely to live in older (and likely lower-quality) homes and spend a greater percentage of their income on housing compared to other areas on the City. High housing costs impact renters in disadvantaged communities more severely, as they often include low-income residents. Community Survey respondents were much more concerned with housing affordability than the safety and quality of homes – 32 percent of respondents thought affordable housing is the most important issue for the City to address, as opposed to the two percent who thought safe and sanitary housing was the most pressing issue.

Key Findings: Access to Safe, Sanitary, and Affordable Homes Though housing costs are less expensive than in other areas in the County and State, 49 percent of renters and 32 percent of home-owners are cost-burdened (ACS 2019). Disadvantaged communities are more likely to live in older (and likely lower-quality) homes and spend a greater percentage of their income on housing compared to other areas on the City. High housing costs impact renters in disadvantaged communities more severely, as they often include low-income residents. Community Survey respondents were much more concerned with housing affordability than the safety and quality of homes — 32 percent of respondents thought affordable housing is the most important issue for the City to address, as opposed to the two percent who thought safe and sanitary housing was the most pressing issue.

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Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 53 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 54 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Section 8 Unique or Compounded Health Risks

8.1 Climate Change
Climate change will likely increase the severity of existing hazards and their associated risks to people in Santee. Climate change may even cause displacement from increased frequency or severity of hazards like flooding, drought, wildfire, extreme heat, and other impacts. In 2018, the City approved the County’s Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJLHMP), which provides an analysis of potential natural and human-caused hazards. The City’s General Plan Public Safety Element builds from the 2018 MJLHMP to addresses the potential loss of life, injury, property damage, economic loss, and social dislocation due to hazard events, including those created or exacerbated by climate change.

Climate change is anticipated to present a significant threat to public health for decades to come.

It is also known that climate change can disproportionately impact some groups more than others.

Disadvantaged communities that suffer disproportionate environmental burdens are also likely to be more vulnerable to climate impacts. Extreme heat is unique in the significant and elevated threat it poses to public health. According to the Center for Climate Change and Health, extreme heat causes more deaths than any other type of natural disaster (Public Health Institute 2016). People living in low-income, disadvantaged communities often experience compounded risk due to poor housing conditions, lack of air conditioning, and unwillingness to use air conditioning due to high energy costs or open doors and windows due to safety concerns. Approximately 21 percent of Community Survey respondents cited heat as the reason they did not walk or bike as a mode of transportation (City of Santee 2021).

To assess heat vulnerability with respect to disadvantaged communities, the City utilized the Heat Health Action Index (HHAI). The HHAI score (ranging from 0 to 100) is a statistically weighted result of the indicators that include sensitive populations (i.e., children, elderly, outdoor workers), tree canopy, urban heat island, and ozone exceedance indicators, among others, and is intended to represent total heat and health vulnerability. Higher scores indicate higher heat vulnerability.

Figure 21 shows HHAI scores for Santee by census tract. The average HHAI score for the City of Santee is 33 compared to 34 for the County.

Key Findings: Unique or Compounded Health Risks
Disadvantaged communities experience unique or compounded health risks due to climate change.

The area with the greatest vulnerability to extreme heat, which poses a significant public health threat, is the southern portion of the City. However, overall the City, including disadvantaged communities, is not particularly vulnerable to extreme heat.

Section8 Unique or Compounded Health Risks

Climate change is anticipated to present a significant threat to public health for decades to come.

It is also known that climate change can disproportionately impact some groups more than others.

Figure 21 shows HHAI scores for Santee by census tract. The average HHAI score for the City of Santee is 33 compared to 34 for the County.

Key Findings: Unique or Compounded Health Risks
Disadvantaged communities experience unique or compounded health risks due to climate change.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 54 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 55 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
City of Santee
Environmental Justice Element Figure 21.

Heat Health Action Index
7? City Boundary
Census Tracts
©) Disadvantaged Community County of San Diego
Heat Health Action Index Score
0-25
25 - 35
35 - 45 re
m 45-60 ao
&
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wo
, |
San Diego 1
2 JE Heath ealth mad Compounded RiskalSarte Maginique s/Risk and Resilience Santee! Jssecint sers\ Randy CeodatDropbon Haris &. fEl Gajon
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Source: CEC 2018.

City of Santee Figure 21. Environmental Justice Element Heat Health Action Index Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 55 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 56 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Section 9 References
ACS (American Community Survey). 2019. 5 Yr. Estimates. City of Santee. U.S. Census.

Census.gov.

BestPlaces. 2021. “2021 Compare Cities Commuting.” Accessed July 2023. https://www.bestplaces.net/compare-cities/santee_ca/national_city_ca/transportation.

CalEPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 2017. Update to the California Communities Environmental Health Screening Tool, Version 3.0. Accessed July 2023. https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/calenviroscreen/report/ces20finalreport2014.pdf#page =42.

CalEPA. 2019. “Achieving the Human Right Water in California.” Accessed July 2023. https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/water/report/achievinghr2w08192019.pdf.

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2020. “Health and Air Pollution.” Accessed July 2023. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/health-air-pollution.

CA Water Boards. 2020. “Frequently Asked Questions Safe and Affordable Funding for Equity and Resilience Program.” Accessed July 2023. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/ publications_forms/publications/factsheets/docs/faq_safe_drinking_water_program_over view_factsheet.pdf.

CDA (Child Development Associates). “About.” Accessed July 2023. https://cdasd.org/about/.

CDE (California Department of Education). 2020. Ed Data. District Profile. Accessed July 2023. http://www.ed-data.org/county/San-Bernardino.

CDPH (California Department of Public Health). 2020. CalFresh Healthy Living GIS Map Viewer. Data Accessed July 2023. https://cdphdata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer /index.html?id=ae1c184e6901437099aa457c099f7423.

CEC (California Energy Commission). 2018. California Heat Assessment Tool. Accessed July 2023. https://www.cal-heat.org/about.

City of Santee. 1986. Resolution of the City Council No. 71-86.

City of Santee. 2017a. Parks and Recreation Master Plan Update. Accessed July 2023. https://www.cityofsanteeca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument?id=8489.

City of Santee. 2017b. Mobility Element.

City of Santee. n.d. Illicit Discharges. [EXCEL]. Department of Development Services.

Stormwater Division.

Cooksey-Stowers, K., Schwartz, M. B., & Brownell, K. D. 2017. Food Swamps Predict Obesity Rates Better Than Food Deserts in the United States. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(11), 1366. doi:10.3390/ijerph14111366.

CoreLogic. 2021. Accessed July 2023. https://www.corelogic.com/products/pxpointgeocoder.aspx.

Section9 References
ACS (American Community Survey). 2019. 5 Yr. Estimates. City of Santee. U.S. Census.

Census. gov.

BestPlaces. 2021. “2021 Compare Cities Commuting.” Accessed July 2023. https://www.bestplaces.net/compare-cities/santee_ca/national_city_ca/transportation.

CalEPA. 2019. “Achieving the Human Right Water in California.” Accessed July 2023. https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/water/report/achievinghr2w08 192019.pdf.

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2020. “Health and Air Pollution.” Accessed July 2023. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/health-air-pollution.

CA Water Boards. 2020. “Frequently Asked Questions Safe and Affordable Funding for Equity and Resilience Program.” Accessed July 2023. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/ publications _forms/publications/factsheets/docs/faq_safe drinking water_program_over view_factsheet.pdf.

CDA (Child Development Associates). “About.” Accessed July 2023. https://cdasd.org/about/.

CDE (California Department of Education). 2020. Ed Data. District Profile. Accessed July 2023. http://www.ed-data.org/county/San-Bernardino.

CEC (California Energy Commission). 2018. California Heat Assessment Tool. Accessed July 2023. https://www.cal-heat.org/about.

City of Santee. 1986. Resolution of the City Council No. 71-86.

City of Santee. 2017a. Parks and Recreation Master Plan Update. Accessed July 2023. https://www.cityofsanteeca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument?id=8489.

City of Santee. 2017b. Mobility Element.

City of Santee. n.d. Illicit Discharges. [EXCEL]. Department of Development Services.

Stormwater Division.

CoreLogic. 2021. Accessed July 2023. https://www.corelogic.com/products/pxpointgeocoder.aspx.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 56 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 57 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
County of San Diego. 2021. Draft Environmental Justice Element. Planning and Development Services. Accessed July 2023. https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/ pds/GPUpdate2021/DraftEJElement.pdf.

Feeding America. 2020. The Impact of Coronavirus on Food Insecurity in 2020. Accessed July 2023. https://www.feedingamerica.org/sites/default/files/2020-10/Brief_Local %20Impact_10.2020_0.pdf
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2017. “Popular Vehicle Trips Statistics.” Accessed July 2023. https://nhts.ornl.gov/vehicle-trips.

HUD (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development). 2017. Rent Burden in the Housing Choice Voucher Program. Prepared by University of Maryland. Accessed July 2023. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/Rent-Burden-HCV.pdf.

ITDP (Institute for Transportation & Development Policy). 2019. “The High Cost of Transportation in the United States.” Transport Matters Blog. Accessed July 2023. https://www.itdp.org/2019/05/23/high-cost-transportation-united-states/.

Johannson, Areile. 2012. “Supervisors Approve Gillepsie Field Resevelopment Despite Neigbors Concerns.” East County Magazine. Accessed July 2023. https://www. eastcountymagazine.org/supervisors-approve-gillespie-fieild-redevelopment-despiteneighbors-concerns.

Kavi, Lucy, Jair Sinisterra, Coline Bodenreider, Meslech Bellay, Kamran Ayub, Vivek Ravichandran, Jan-Michael Archer, and Sacoby Wilson. 2019. “Environmental Justice and the Food Environment in Prince George’s County, Maryland: Assessment of Three Communities.” In Frontiers in Built Environment. Accessed July 2023. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbuil.2019.00121.

Krieger, J. 2010. “Home is Where the Triggers Are: Increasing Asthma Control by Improving the Home Environment.” Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology 23(2): 139– 145. Accessed July 2023. https://doi.org/10.1089/ped.2010.0022.

MTS (Metropolitan Transit System). 2021. Fares and Passes. Accessed July 2023. https://www.sdmts.com/fares-passes.

OPR (Office of Planning and Research). 2020. “Section 4.8: Environmental Justice Element.” In General Plan Guidelines, Chapter 4, Required Elements. Accessed July 2023. https://opr.ca.gov/docs/20200706-GPG_Chapter_4_EJ.pdf.

Pearlman, Karen. 2021. “Santee residents concerned about toxins discovered at Sycamore Landfill.” The San Diego Union Tribune. Accessed July 2023. https://www. sandiegouniontribune.com/communities/east-county/santee/story/2021-03-10/santeeresidents-concerned-about-sycamore-landfill-toxicity.

PolicyLink. 2013. Access to Healthy Food and Why It Matters: A Review of the Research.

Prepared by J. Bell, G. Mora, E. Hagan, V. Rubin, and A. Karpyn. Accessed July 2023. http://thefoodtrust.org/uploads/media_items/access-to-healthy-food.original.pdf.

County of San Diego. 2021. Draft Environmental Justice Element. Planning and Development Services. Accessed July 2023. https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/ pds/GPUpdate202 1/DraftEJElement.pdf.

Krieger, J. 2010. “Home is Where the Triggers Are: Increasing Asthma Control by Improving the Home Environment.” Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology 23(2): 139— 145. Accessed July 2023. https://doi.org/10.1089/ped.2010.0022.

MTS (Metropolitan Transit System). 2021. Fares and Passes. Accessed July 2023. https://www.sdmts.com/fares-passes.

Pearlman, Karen. 2021. “Santee residents concerned about toxins discovered at Sycamore Landfill.” The San Diego Union Tribune. Accessed July 2023. https://www. sandiegouniontribune.com/communities/east-county/santee/story/202 1-03-10/santeeresidents-concerned-about-sycamore-landfill-toxicity.

PolicyLink. 2013. Access to Healthy Food and Why It Matters: A Review of the Research.

Prepared by J. Bell, G. Mora, E. Hagan, V. Rubin, and A. Karpyn. Accessed July 2023. http://thefoodtrust.org/uploads/media_items/access-to-healthy-food.original.pdf.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 57 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 58 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
PDMWD (Padre Dam Municipal Water District). 2019. 2019 Water Quality Report. Accessed July 2023. https://www.padredam.org/DocumentCenter/View/5386/Padre-Dam-WaterQuality-Report-2019.

PHASC (Public Health Alliance of Southern California). 2017. California Health Disadvantaged Index. Accessed July 2023. https://oehha.ca.gov/water/report/human-right-watercalifornia.

SDCCEL (San Diego County Childcare Eligibility List). 2021. “About us.” Accessed July 2023. http://www.childcaresandiego.com/SitePages/contact_us.

SDAPCD (San Diego Air Pollution Control District). n.d. “Attainment Status.” Accessed July 2023. https://www.sdapcd.org/content/sdc/apcd/en/air-quality-planning/ attainment-status.html.

SDCOI (San Diego Childhood Obesity Initiative), County of San Diego, Health and Human Services Agency. Live Well San Diego, State of Childhood Obesity in San Diego County: Supplemental Data Report September 2019. State of Childhood Obesity in San Diego. Accessed July 2023. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/55130907e4b018f9300 f3e63/t/5d793fd693617b2c414a75bb/1568227309908/StateofChildhoodObesityinSD_20 19SupplementalReport_Digital.pdf.

SSD (Santee School District). 2021. Project SAFE Childcare. Accessed July 2023. https://santeesd.net/cms/one.aspx?pageId=29202061.

Taylor, Lauren. 2018. “Housing and Health: An Overview of the Literature.” Health Affairs.

June 7. Accessed July 2023. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hpb20180313 .396577/full/.

UC (University of California) Berkeley. 2020. Statewide Transportation Injury Mapping System.

Accessed July 2023. https://tims.berkeley.edu/tools/query/.

UrbanFootprint. 2018. Environmental Justice Disadvantaged Communities Analysis. Accessed July 2023.

USD (University of San Diego). 2018. Transportation Choices. The Hub at The Nonprofit Institute. Accessed July 2023. https://www.sandiego.edu/soles/hub-nonprofit/initiatives/ dashboard/transportation.php.

USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2018. Walkability Index. Accessed July 2023. ftp://newftp.epa.gov/EPADataCommons/OP/WalkabilityIndex.zip.

UWPHI (University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute). 2021. 2020 County Health Rankings. Accessed July 2023. https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/california /2015/measure/factors/133/data.

VanDerslice, J. 2011. “Drinking Water Infrastructure and Environmental Disparities: Evidence and Methodological Considerations.” American Journal of Public Health 101 Suppl 1:

S109-14.

PDMWD (Padre Dam Municipal Water District). 2019. 2019 Water Quality Report. Accessed July 2023. https://www.padredam.org/DocumentCenter/View/5386/Padre-Dam-WaterQuality-Report-2019.

PHASC (Public Health Alliance of Southern California). 2017. California Health Disadvantaged Index. Accessed July 2023. https://oehha.ca.gov/water/report/human-right-watercalifornia.

SDCCEL (San Diego County Childcare Eligibility List). 2021. “About us.” Accessed July 2023. http://www.childcaresandiego.com/SitePages/contact_us.

SDAPCD (San Diego Air Pollution Control District). n.d. “Attainment Status.” Accessed July 2023. https://www.sdapcd.org/content/sdc/aped/en/air-quality-planning/ attainment-status.html.

SDCOI (San Diego Childhood Obesity Initiative), County of San Diego, Health and Human Services Agency. Live Well San Diego, State of Childhood Obesity in San Diego County: Supplemental Data Report September 2019. State of Childhood Obesity in San Diego. Accessed July 2023. https://static1 .squarespace.com/static/55 130907e4b018f9300 £3e63/t/5d793fd693617b2c4 14a75bb/1568227309908/StateofChildhoodObesityinSD_20 19SupplementalReport Digital pdf.

SSD (Santee School District). 2021. Project SAFE Childcare. Accessed July 2023. https://santeesd.net/cms/one.aspx?pageld=29202061.

Taylor, Lauren. 2018. “Housing and Health: An Overview of the Literature.” Health Affairs.

June 7. Accessed July 2023. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hpb20180313 .396577/full/.

UC (University of California) Berkeley. 2020. Statewide Transportation Injury Mapping System.

Accessed July 2023. https://tims.berkeley.edu/tools/query/.

UrbanFootprint. 2018. Environmental Justice Disadvantaged Communities Analysis. Accessed July 2023.

USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2018. Walkability Index. Accessed July 2023. ftp://newftp.epa.gov/EPA DataCommons/OP/WalkabilityIndex.zip.

UWPHI (University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute). 2021. 2020 County Health Rankings. Accessed July 2023. https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/california /2015/measure/factors/133/data.

VanDerslice, J. 2011. “Drinking Water Infrastructure and Environmental Disparities: Evidence and Methodological Considerations.” American Journal of Public Health 101 Suppl 1:

S109-14.

Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 58 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
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Environmental Justice Existing Conditions Assessment 59 July 2023 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element

Appendix E. Environmental Justice Community Survey Results Appendix E. Environmental Justice Community Survey Results Environmental Justice Community Survey Results E-1 November 2022 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
Environmental Justice Community Survey Results

1. What conditions make it difficult for you to have good health and living conditions?
a. Pollution - What sources of pollution, if any, affect your health or quality of life?
Answers Count %
Air pollution from freeways/roadways 48 39.7%
Air pollution from industrial activity 21 17.4%
Water pollution from industrial land uses 14 11.6%
Fumes, noises, and/or chemicals from industrial land
uses
34 28.1%
Trash and debris 56 46.3%
Other 26 21.5%
b. Health - What barriers, if any, limit your ability to live a healthy lifestyle? Answers Count %
Lack of grocery stores or markets that provide fresh
produce 14 11.6%
Lack of affordable produce and/or assistance for
food purchase or nutrition (i.e. food stamps) 11 9.1%
Lack of affordable and nearby health care services
(e.g., doctors, mental health professionals, dentists,
hospitals, health insurance)
20 16.5%
Other 25 20.7%
Environmental Justice Community Survey Results E-2 November 2022 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
c. Getting Around and Being Active - What barriers, if any, limit your ability to live an active lifestyle?
Answers Count %
Lack of sidewalks, crosswalks, and bicycle lanes for
people to safely move around the City 31 25.6%
It is too hot to walk or bike 25 20.7%
Public transit is not within walking or biking distance from my home (i.e., within 1/2 miles away) 27 22.3%
Public transit takes too long 37 30.6%
Lack of parks or recreation centers within walking or
biking distance of my home (i.e., within 1.2 miles
away)
18 14.9%
Organized activities and sports at neighborhood
parks and recreation centers and not affordable or
available
11 9.1%
Unsafe physical conditions at parks and recreation
centers
19 15.7%
Other 33 27.3%
d. Safe Homes - What conditions, if any, make your home unsafe or unhealthy?
Answers Count %
Unsafe or unhealthy conditions in homes (such as
lead-based paint, mold, poor ventilation, poor
insulation, or other needed repairs)
9 7.4%
Homes are located in areas that flood 5 4.1%
Flood insurance, fire insurance, or renter's insurance
is not affordable 21 17.4%
Air conditioning is not available or affordable 24 19.8% Other 29 24.0%
Environmental Justice Community Survey Results E-3 November 2022 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
e. City-Community Relations - What barriers, if any, limit your ability to participate in local decision-making processes?
Answers Count %
Information on City proposals and decisions that
could affect residents is difficult to find or access 50 41.3% Information on City proposals or decisions that could
affect residents is not communicated in a way that
meets the needs of differently-abled residents
23 19.0%
Information on City proposals and decisions that
could affect residents is not communicated in my
preferred language
2 1.7%
City Council meetings are not held at a time or
through a communication channel (i.e., phone, video
meeting, email) that is available for residents
30 24.8%
Other 21 17.4%

2. Which issues do you think are the most important for the City to address to ensure that all residents have access to healthy living conditions?
Please select the top 3 issues that affect your quality of life.

Answers Count %
Air or water pollution 26 21.5%
Limited access to healthy food and grocery stores 11 9.9% Limited access to affordable health care 17 14.1%
Limited access to and/or deterioration of city
infrastructure and facilities that support physical
activity, including sidewalks, bicycle lanes, parks,
and recreation centers
55 45.5%
Limited access to safe and sanitary housing 2 1.7%
Limited access to affordable housing 39 32.2%
Other 28 23.1%
Environmental Justice Community Survey Results E-4 November 2022 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element

3. What improvements would you like to see in your City?

4. How much influence do you think residents have on City decisions that affect community health and environmental issues?
Answers Count %
No influence 16 13.2%
Very little influence 48 39.7%
Some Influence 36 29.8%
Strong influence 16 13.2%

5. What is your age in years?
Answers Count %
17 or younger 0 0.0%
18 - 24 1 0.8%
25 - 34 8 6.6%
35 - 44 33 27.3%
45 - 64 47 38.8%
65 - 74 20 16.5%
75 and older 2 1.7%
Prefer not to say 7 5.8%

6. Which race/ethnicity category best describes you?
Answers Count %
American Indian or Alaska Native 3 2.5%
Asian 3 2.5%
Black or African American 4 3.3%
Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin 13 10.7%
Middle Eastern or North African 1 0.8%
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 2 1.7%
White 66 54.6%
Prefer not to say 37 30.6%
Environmental Justice Community Survey Results E-5 November 2022 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element

7. What is the highest education level you achieved?
Answers Count %
None to some high school 0 0.0%
High school diploma or equivalent 9 7.4%
Vocational training 7 5.8%
Some college 27 22.3%
Associate's degree 23 19.0%
Bachelor's degree or higher 61 50.4%
Environmental Justice Community Survey Results E-6 November 2022 City of Santee Safety-Environmental Justice Element
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Santee City CouncilMay 14, 2025

Santee City Council
May 14, 2025