drying out and producing a "rain shadow" of lighter precipitation on leeward slopes and across the valleys. This pattern is repeated as the air rises and falls, like a roller coaster, over inland hills and valleys. This weather phenomenon ensures that Sebastopol, Healdsburg, Santa Rosa Rohnert Park and Windsor get less rain than their westerly neighbors in the hills. Southern areas around Petaluma and Sonoma typically get less rain than northern areas such as Cloverdale.
Winter storms cause extended power outages and road closures throughout the County.
Widespread localized flooding, creek and stream flooding and river flooding are prevalent.
Communication system failures are not unusual and may hamper alert and warning efforts.
History
Beginning on February 13, 1986 and continuing for the next nine days, a massive winter storm battered Sonoma County. The rain was torrential, quickly swelling creeks, lakes and rivers. The winds came, toppling power and phone lines, trees, fences, and signboards. Drivers stopped their vehicles for fear of being blown off the highway. California Department of Forestry officially clocked one gust at 82 miles per hour. Trees and power lines came down through houses and vehicles. Roads were closed in all directions. During the storm, nearly twenty-five inches of rain fell on Sonoma County. By February 21, Sonoma County had been designated a major disaster area by President Reagan. The Final impact of the February 1986 storm were two deaths and approximately $25 million in damage. Those areas of the County most affected by the storm were low-lying lands near the Russian and Petaluma Rivers, San Antonio, Sonoma, Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Lichau Creeks, Schellville, and the Laguna de Santa Rosa.
A series of devastating rainstorms accompanied by high winds struck the state during January and March of 1995. For the first time in history, a State of Emergency was declared in all 58 counties in California. Damages statewide were estimated at $1.8 billion - making this the costliest winter storm/flood disaster in California history and one of the highest in the nation. In Sonoma County, severe flooding occurred along the lower reaches of the Russian River, downed power and telephone lines knocked out power to most of the West County, and large numbers of low-lying roads and areas throughout the County were flooded. Two deaths were attributed to the storms. Total storm and flood damages in the County were estimated at $32 million.
In January of 1997, the County/Op Area EOC was activated and the experienced staff rang in the New Year while responding to yet another federally declared winter storm. Localized flooding occurred in Petaluma, Cloverdale, and Sonoma. Damage estimates totaled $31 million.
In 1998, the El Nino phenomena brought large amounts of rain to the County. As the lower Russian River began to subside from moderate flood levels, the saturated ground began to give way in a dozen locations. Landslides and debris flows destroyed homes and roads throughout the County, with the single largest event being the Rio Nido Debris Flow. Three homes were destroyed and several others damaged when the hillside above a neighborhood in Rio Nido gave way. This debris flow eventually resulted in the mandatory evacuation of some 300 residents as well as a federal buyout of the entire neighborhood. Additional isolated incidents included coastal slides at Gleason’s Beach, numerous smaller slides countywide, levee breaks, & a logjam on Sonoma Creek. There were four storm-related deaths, 200 roads closed and/or damaged and Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
over 1200 residents voluntarily evacuated. The County/Op Area EOC was activated continuously for 21 days. The Rio Nido Incident Command Post (ICP) was active for 56 days.
Response costs and damages totaled $28 million.
The most recent significant flooding event, the 2006 New Year’s Flood, occurred following a series of winter storms that hit California late in 2005. During December, Santa Rosa received over 17inches of rain, with 4 inches falling on December 31 alone. This made it the second wettest December since record keeping began in 1888. The Russian & Petaluma rivers, Sonoma, Santa Rosa, Mark West & Lichau creeks flooded many roads, businesses and homes.
The Russian River rose to 41.7 feet January 1, 2006. The damage costs were estimated at $110 million. Sonoma County received a Federal Major Disaster Declaration in February 2006.
Nearly 800 individual claims were processed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Just two months later, Spring 2006 brought weeks of heavy rainfall. In March, it rained for 25 days in Santa Rosa; a record for the most rainy days in one month. Numerous county roads were closed due to slides and pavement damage caused by the saturated soil. Several homes were threatened by slides. This federally declared storm inflicted damages over $36 million, primarily to infrastructure.
Threat Assessment 3: Flood
General Situation
Floods are generally classified as either slow-rise or flash floods. Slow-rise floods may be preceded by a warning time lasting from hours, to days, or possibly weeks. Evacuation and sandbagging for a slow-rise flood may lessen flood-related damage. Conversely, flash floods are the most difficult to prepare for, due to the extremely short warning time. Flash flood warnings usually require immediate evacuation within the hour.
No area is immune to flash floods. On small streams, especially near the headwaters of river basins, water levels may rise quickly in heavy rainstorms, and flash floods can begin before the rain stops falling. There is little time between the detection of flood conditions and the arrival of the flood crest. Swift action is essential to protect life and property.
Flash floods also occur in or near mountainous areas where torrential rains can quickly change a dry watercourse or small brook into raging treacherous torrents of water.
The National Weather Service may issue a flood watch, advisory or warning. A FLOOD WATCH is issued to inform the public and cooperating agencies that current and developing hydrometeorological conditions are such that there is a threat of flooding within the next 48 hours, but the occurrence is neither certain nor imminent. A FLOOD ADVISORY is for events that may cause significant inconvenience, and if caution is not exercised, could lead to situations that may threaten life and/or property. A FLOOD WARNING is to inform the public of flooding along larger streams and rivers in which there is a serious threat to life or property -- all persons should take necessary precautions.
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Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
All low lying areas, both coastal and inland, are subject to flood conditions. Urban development in flood plain areas are often subject to seasonal inundation. The flood plain is a natural extension of any waterway, although infrequently used. Storm water runoff that exceeds the capabilities of the physical characteristics of stream and drainage channels, results in the natural flooding of a localized area, stranding vehicles and causing considerable damage to infrastructure, residential and industrial properties.
Once flooding begins, personnel will be needed to assist in rescuing persons trapped by floodwater, securing utilities, cordoning off flooded areas and controlling traffic. These actions may overtax local agencies, and additional personnel and resources may be required. It is anticipated that existing mutual aid resources would be used as necessary to augment local resources.
Specific Situation
Floods are the most frequent natural hazard impacting Sonoma County. Nationally, Sonoma County has the distinction of the highest repetitive flood damage rate west of the Rocky Mountains. A large percentage of the County may be subject to flooding due to flash flooding, urban flooding (storm drain failure/infrastructure breakdown), river channel overflow, downstream flooding, etc. The County has historically been vulnerable to storm surge inundation associated with cyclones and tropical storms.
The majority of areas subject to river flooding in Sonoma County are adjacent to the Russian River in the north and the county bordered by Mirabel Park on the east and Duncans Mills on the west. Historically, the Petaluma River has also produced significant flood problems, causing damage in Petaluma and other areas in the basin. Other locales that flood periodically are low lying lands near the San Antonio, Sonoma, Santa Rosa, Mark West and Lichau Creeks, and the vicinity around the Laguna de Santa Rosa. Coyote and Warm Springs Dams afford an appreciable level of flood protection from Russian River overflows during the winter and spring months.
State and federal weather/river forecasters monitor the Russian River through a series of stations located along the river and its tributaries. The system affords a degree of advance flood warning for emergency responders. Flooding has occurred along the lower and middle reaches of the Russian River on a regular basis throughout the last one hundred years of recorded river history.
Major floods have happened in 1937, 1940, 1955, 1964, 1982, 1986, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1998, and 2006.
Besides this type of flooding, Sonoma County may experience coastal flooding at harbors and inlets, such as Bodega Bay, which are susceptible to storm surges accompanied by wave action.
Additionally, tidal flooding occurs along San Pablo Bay. These areas may also be vulnerable to the effects of tsunamis.
Emergency Response Actions
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Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Emergency response actions associated with flooding on the Lower Russian River are presented in the Sonoma County Op Area Lower Russian River Response Plan.
Threat Assessment 4: Landslide
General Situation
The rolling hills, coastal ranges, and steep canyons that characterize Sonoma County’s landscape contribute to an increased landslide susceptibility. Landslides are described as downward mass movement of a slope of materials under the force of gravity. Extended periods of intense rainfall during the winter months is the primary cause of landslides in the County. Landslides can also be triggered by seismic activity. Landslides are a significant secondary hazard to wildland fire, where periods of heavy rainfall on denuded slopes cause landslide hazards.
The main mass movement types that occur in Sonoma County include:
Slides - Characterized by a distinct zone of weakness that separates the slide material from more stable underlying material.
Falls - Abrupt movements of geologic materials, predominantly rocks and boulders that become detached from steep slopes or cliffs.
Flows - A combination of loose soil materials, air, and water that rapidly mobilize as slurry.
These are most often caused by heavy precipitation and channelized surface water runoff.
Creep - Slow, natural, steady, downward movement of a slope-forming, often over decades.
The susceptibility of landslides is increased by human factors but also occurs naturally. Some natural factors include location, soil properties, and surface cover/vegetative factors. Human factors include infrastructure placement and land management practices.
Specific Situation
In Sonoma County, the complex geology and groundwater formations mixed with the many creeks and micro-watersheds and large differential magnitude of rainfall patterns facilitates a high susceptibility for landslide hazards. The hazards are greatest on slopes of thirty percent or greater but can occur on slopes of fifteen percent or less depending on geologic deposits, vegetation, and building patterns. Landslides are also likely along coastal cliffs. Historic landslides are perhaps the best indicator of where landslides will occur again, unless the conditions that contributed to the prior landslide have been mitigated.
During the 1906 earthquake a large landslide occurred in the Maacama Creek area, 6 miles east of Healdsburg, along with many smaller landslides along many creeks throughout the county.
Most seismic events can trigger small slides along their faults when in confluence with a flowing water way.
The winters of 1982, 1983, 1986, and 1998 provided a grim reminder of the degree of landslide hazards in Sonoma County. An extraordinarily intense storm in late January 1983 saturated the County triggering landslides in the Blucher Valley, Glen Ellen, and north Petaluma areas. The Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Rio Nido slide of 1998 destroyed 3 homes, and damaged many others resulting in a significant part of the community having to be relocated. Numerous other slides occurred in other areas of the county including Monte Rio, Gold Ridge, Hidden Acres, Blucher Valley and Fitch Mountain.
Current County codes restrict placing new structures on known landslide hazard areas.
However, existing development on or near susceptible areas, much of it constructed to previous codes, is at risk. Communities such as Monte Rio and Rio Nido with histories of landslide hazards remain at risk from future events.
Threat Assessment 5: Hazardous Material Incident
General Situation
A release of hazardous materials has the potential for adverse impacts upon human health, the environment and property, depending upon the type, location, and quantity of material released.
Although hazardous material incidents can happen almost anywhere, certain areas of the County are at higher risk. Jurisdictions near roadways that are frequently used for transporting hazardous materials and that host industrial facilities that use, store, or dispose of such materials, have increased potential for accidental releases. Hospital emergency departments are at risk for contamination and closure of services if exposed victims arrive without prior decontamination.
Specific Situation
Sonoma County is considered to be a combined suburban and rural area, removed from the multiple risks of hazardous materials emergencies normally associated with a more urbanized environment. With the exception of the Geysers geothermal fields in the northeast corner of the County, the central portion of the County along the U.S. 101 corridor contains the majority of facilities that utilize hazardous materials for business purposes. These facilities are generally limited to industrial parks within or near the incorporated cities. The eastern and western portions of the County are primarily rural and is mostly forested or agricultural. There are moderate concentrations of fertilizers, pesticides, fuel, and other related substances consistent with the agricultural activities of these areas.
The County and the nine cities do not have the large industrial complexes normally associated with a high incidence of hazardous material emergencies. However, when a hazardous material emergency does occur, the multiple resources that many urban communities draw upon may not be immediately available to Sonoma County. If the incident occurs at a peak traffic time, it is estimated that significant out of county assistance may be delayed for two to five hours or longer.
Road, Air, and Maritime Spill Potential
Sonoma County's highway and road network includes approximately 250 miles of federal and state highways, 1400 miles of County maintained roads, and 900 miles of city-maintained streets and roads. U.S. 101 carries the bulk of truck traffic and is the most frequent location of hazardous materials spills that occur on major roads. Geysers Road from the Geysers Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
geothermal fields to Highway 128 is heavily traveled by trucks carrying hazardous materials to the power plants and has been the scene of frequent spills. Highways 12, 37, 116, 121, 128, and Highway 1 (the Pacific Coast Highway), handle a smaller volume of truck traffic, but are prone to vehicle accidents consistent with heavy traffic on two-lane roadways.
The Charles M. Schultz Sonoma County Airport is located six miles northwest of downtown Santa Rosa. Air transportation of hazardous materials involves the smallest quantity estimates but still poses a potential hazard.
Coastal areas, including San Francisco and San Pablo Bay, are subject to maritime hazardous materials spills, primarily oil product. In 2007, the oil tanker Cosco Busan struck a bridge in the San Francisco Bay, resulting in extensive shore contamination and cleanup operations in the coastal areas. Since then, the Sector San Francisco Area Contingency Plan was developed to address removal of oil and hazardous substances from waterways. The plan, prepared by the San Francisco Bay and Delta Area Committee, is designed to be implemented in conjunction with the National Contingency Plan and the Sonoma County Oil Spill Contingency Plan.
Spill history in the County shows most problems occurring in transportation corridors and of a relatively minor nature. Nonetheless, the potential still exists for a hazardous materials incident that poses an extreme threat to life, the environment, and property.
Emergency Response Actions
Emergency response actions associated with hazardous materials are presented in the Sonoma County Op Area Hazardous Material Incident Response Plan and the Sonoma County Oil Spill Contingency Plan.
Threat Assessment 6: Transportation Accident
General Situation
A major incident involving automobile, truck, bus, airplane, helicopter or any combination of vehicles could result in a large number of casualties and significantly impact regional transportation systems. The ability of emergency responders to minimize suffering, disability, death and transport victims to hospitals will be directly affected by the time of day and traffic congestion. A major incident on any of the primary transportation routes often produces road closures of at least four hours. Extensive search and rescue operations may be required to assist trapped and injured persons. Emergency medical care and temporary shelter may be required for injured or displaced persons. Identification, movement and temporary storage of significant number of dead will be challenging with local resources. Families may be separated, particularly if the incident should occur during working hours. In some instances, the loss of communications and disruption of other essential services may hamper emergency operations.
Under certain circumstances, if may be necessary to remove debris and clear roadways, demolish unsafe structures, and assist in reestablishing public services. It may be essential to provide continuing care and welfare for the affected population, including temporary housing for displaced persons and psychological support to survivors and emergency response workers.
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Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Each of these hazards encompass many threats, such as a hazardous materials incident, fire, severe damage to nearby buildings or vehicles. Loss of life and injuries can happen in either adjacent buildings or in vehicles and to pedestrians.
Threat Assessment 6-A: Transportation Accident – Air Crash General Situation
An air crash into the urban environment is always a possibility, although the probability risk factor in Sonoma County is low. A major air crash that occurs in a heavily populated residential area can result in considerable loss of life and property. The impact of a disabled aircraft as it strikes the ground creates the likely potential for multiple explosions, resulting in intense fires.
Regardless of where the crash occurs, the resulting explosions and fires have the potential to cause injuries, fatalities and the destruction of property at and adjacent to the impact point. The time of day when the crash occurs will affect the number of dead and injured. Damage assessment and disaster relief efforts associated with an air crash incident will require support from local governments, private organizations, airlines and in certain instances, the state and federal governments.
It can be expected that few, if any, airline passengers will survive a major air crash. The intense fires, until controlled, will limit search and rescue operations. Police barricades will be needed to block off the affected area. Crowds of onlookers and media personnel will have to be controlled. Injured or displaced persons will require emergency medical care, food and temporary shelter. Many families may be separated, particularly if the crash occurs during working hours. Investigators from the National Transportation and Safety Board and the Sonoma County Sheriff’s Office Coroner Unit will have short-term jurisdiction over the crash area and site scene investigations will be completed before the area is released for cleanup. The clean-up operation may consist of the removal of large debris, clearing of roadways, demolishing unsafe structures and towing of demolished vehicles.
Law enforcement efforts in a major air crash would focus on the impacted location, maintaining open traffic lanes for ambulance service and establishing a perimeter. Responding firefighting and law enforcement units would be charged with containment and search and rescue. Mobile command and communication centers would be established as appropriate.
It can be anticipated that the mental health needs of survivors and surrounding residents will greatly increase due to the trauma associated with such a catastrophe. A coordinated response team, comprised of mental health professionals, will identify and address mental health needs stemming from any traumatic disaster. There is a system in place for emergency workers; however, there are limited resources available to respond to the general public. Airlines also have an obligation to provide such services to the families of victims.
Specific Situation
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
There are six airports in Sonoma County open for public use. Two privately owned and operated: Sonoma Skypark and Sonoma Valley. Three are owned and operated by cities:
Cloverdale, Healdsburg, and Petaluma airports. The County of Sonoma owns and operates the Charles M. Schultz Sonoma County Airport. These airports all have general aviation activity consisting of single-engine, twin-engine piston-powered aircraft, and helicopters. Twin-engine turboprop and jet powered aircraft utilize the Charles M. Schultz Sonoma County Airport and, to a lesser extent, the Petaluma Airport.
The Charles M. Schultz Sonoma County Airport is the largest airport in the County. The airport is located approximately six miles northwest of the Santa Rosa on Airport Boulevard west of U.S. 101. The County Airport is the only service point for commuter airlines and scheduled airlines. CAL FIRE has designated the airport as an Air Attack Base for its fixed wing aerial fire-fighting efforts during the summer months. The Sheriff’s helicopter, Henry 1 and an air ambulance service is based at the airport with the primary flight path over Windsor.
Threat Assessment 6-B: Transportation Accident – Trucking Incident General Situation
A major truck incident that occurs in a heavily populated industrial area or residential area can result in considerable loss of life and property. Potential hazards could be overturned tank trailers, direct impact either into a residence or industrial building, or entering into the normal flow of traffic.
Each of these hazards encompasses many threats, such as hazardous materials incident, fire, severe damage to either adjacent buildings or vehicles, and loss of life to pedestrians or those in either the adjacent buildings or vehicles.
Specific Situation
The main transportation arteries through Sonoma County are U.S. 101 and Highways 1, 12, 37, 116, 121 and 128. U.S. 101 and Highway 37 are heavily used most hours of the day. Control of vehicular traffic around the affected area of a multi-casualty or hazardous materials incident will be a challenge at any time. During commute hours, the problem will be severely compounded.
Expediting the flow of emergency response vehicles through the area and diverting nonessential traffic will be problematic. In cases where emergency traffic movement requirements exceed available road space, traffic must be rerouted with alternate routes and closure points.
Threat Assessment 6-C: Transportation Accident – Train Crash General Situation
The two primary rail incident threats are from derailments at operating speed and collisions with motor vehicles at-grade crossings. These events could result in a mass-casualty incident with up to 300 victims, a hazardous materials spill and traffic disruptions on major and local roadways as well as the rail corridor itself.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Response to rail emergencies must take into account the challenges presented by the rail line’s proximity to major waterways, rivers and wetlands, the remoteness of the rail line in certain areas which creates access challenges by emergency responders, and the ability of responders to operate around large, heavy transportation vehicles.
Specific Situation
Sonoma County has a long history of rail freight transport and passenger service since the late 1800’s. The North Bay rail network was extensive through the first half of the 20th century.
Along the primary north-south rail line that generally parallels Highway 101, freight ran until the late 1990’s and began again in 2011. Passenger service ceased in 1958 and has resumed in 2016 with the Sonoma Marin Area Rail Transit District (SMART).
SMART has ownership/primary emergency response planning responsibility for the portions of rail in the southern area of Sonoma County along the Highway 12, 121 and 37 corridors as well as the rail line paralleling Hwy 101 from the Marin County border to downtown Healdsburg.
The North Coast Rail Authority (NCRA) along with their freight rail provider, the Northwestern Pacific Company (NWP Co.), has ownership/planning responsibility from Downtown Healdsburg north to the Mendocino County border. Emergency planning includes system security and safety, emergency response and coordination along the rail corridor. A railroad Emergency Preparedness Plan is required and regulated by the Federal Railroad Administration, 49 CFR part 239.
Threat Assessment 7: Wildland Urban/Interface Fire
General Situation
The combination of highly flammable fuel, long dry summers and steep slopes creates a significant natural hazard of large wildland fires in many areas of Sonoma County. A wildland fire is a fire in which the primary fuel is natural vegetation. Wildland fires can consume thousands of acres of vegetation, timber and agricultural lands. Fires ignited in wildland areas can quickly spread, to areas where residential or commercial structures are intermingled with wildland vegetation. Similarly, fires that start in urbanized areas can grow into wildland fires.
Wildland/urban interface (WUI) fire hazards are especially pronounced in areas of high structure densities adjacent to undeveloped open space areas narrow roads with dense vegetation. A Wildland/urban interface fire may result in death, injury, economic loss and a large public investment in firefighting activities.
Wildland fire season in Sonoma County spans the months after the last spring rains have fallen and until the first fall or winter rains occur. The months of August, September and October have the greatest potential for wildland fires as vegetation dries out, humidity levels fall, and offshore winds blow. Wildland fire behavior is based on three primary factors: weather, topography and fuel.
Specific Situation
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Wildland/urban interface fire hazards are especially pronounced in the residential communities such as: Fitch Mountain, The Sea Ranch, Trinity Road/Cavedale, Montecito Heights, Porter Creek, Bennett Valley and other areas contiguous to the city limits of many incorporated cities within Sonoma County.
In many of these high hazard areas, old (pre-building code) structures can be found intermingled with modern structures. These older structures were designed as a summer home/weekend retreats and are now being used as year around residences. These areas are situated on narrow roads with very poor access/egress and do not have adequate parking spaces. This will severely hinder access by fire apparatus and other emergency vehicles.
Sonoma County Fire Safe Code addresses new building construction in the unincorporated area, including providing a residential water supply, ensuring emergency vehicle access, consistent road naming and addressing and residential fire sprinkler requirements. The code also addresses fuel modification and defensible space requirements to reduce the possibility and intensity of a wildfire. However, there are no ordinances that address older buildings and their construction.
For these reasons, older residential areas are dangerously exposed to hosting a “large and damaging” wildland/urban interface fire that would pose extremely difficult for firefighters to contain.
In order to mitigate the potential for a “large and damaging fire” in these areas, Fire Safe Sonoma has been established. Fire Safe Sonoma is a private, nonprofit organization of fire protection professionals, representatives of community action groups, homeowners and other concerned individuals. Its primary purposes are to educate, exchange information, foster fire prevention and fire safety practices, promote vegetation management, obtain grants, support local fire agency efforts and involve everyone who works, lives or recreates in rural areas to address the wildland fire threat. It works with community groups on issues including sudden oak death and vegetation management. Important stakeholders such as Pacific Gas & Electric, insurance companies and others work together through this group. Fire Safe Sonoma maintains an educational website at http://www.firesafesonoma.org.
The population of tan oak vegetation in various areas of the County has particular risk due to the rise of Sudden Oak Death Syndrome. In specific areas, tan oak proliferation and the rapid encroachment of the disease has created an environment of increased vulnerability to wildland fire. See the Sonoma County Sudden Oak Death Strategic Response Plan for more detailed information about this hazard.
Specific Topographic and Climatic Features
Winds
The western portion of the county is heavily influenced by the Pacific Ocean in terms of local climate. In these environs the fire hazard is mitigated by summer fog intrusion and lower temperatures. However, during the two to three weeks of “off-shore” wind events each fall, even the coastal areas become an extreme fire hazard. The 1978 Creighton Ridge Fire near Cazadero Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
burned 11,000 acres and destroyed 56 dwellings, is an example of how these offshore winds can influence local fire behavior.
The Russian River has carved out a large channel for winds to migrate from the coast to the inland areas each day. As the land is heated inland and the air rises, replacement air from the coast flows through this Russian River channel. It is not unusual for the winds to peak in the late afternoon and early evening at around 15-20 miles per hour.
Topography
The topography in the county is typical of the mountains in the Coastal Range where they abruptly rise upward from the rugged shoreline to elevations of more than 2000 feet. This creates an opportunity for a wildland fire to spread uphill in many directions making it extremely difficult for the firefighters to control a fire in these areas. Adding dwellings into the mix, firefighting efforts become more problematic as attempts to protect structures and stop the spread stretch already limited resources.
The topography in the inland areas, although not as steep, can also cause significant firefighting challenges due to hotter, drier climatic conditions. The higher density of homes and population further complicates fire-fighting efforts.
Fire Causes
Wildfires can be caused by natural events, such as lightning or high winds. However, most wildland fires are human caused. Campfires, careless smokers, electrical sparks, and arson cause most wildland and wildland/urban interface fires. In Sonoma County, electrical equipment, such as power lines and transformers, have caused numerous fires. An emerging cause for concern is fires started by mowing, use of power equipment and other work around very dry vegetation.
The September 2004 Geysers Fire was started by arcing in an electrical circuit box as the result of a faulty splice, and consumed 12,525 acres. Trees growing into power lines have caused large and damaging fires within the county. One example, the Cavedale Fire in 1996 near Sonoma burned 2000 acres and caused 8.1 million dollars damage.
Level of Fire Protection Services
Much of the County’s unincorporated area is designated by the State Board of Forestry as “State Responsibility Areas” (SRA). California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) provides “primary” wildland fire protection in these areas. While the SRA designation implies that CAL FIRE provides protection for these areas, local fire districts and Community Services Areas (CSA) also assist with protecting and responding to fires. Technically, a fire district/CSA that has SRA lands within it, is responsible for providing fire protection to structures, and other improvements. In practice, when a wildland fire occurs in SRA, a mutual aid system is in place that immediately responds CAL FIRE and local fire resources. The Redwood Empire Dispatch Communications Authority (REDCOM) is responsible for notifying local fire resources and CAL FIRE’s Sonoma/Lake/Napa Unit (LNU) Emergency Command Center dispatches CAL FIRE resources.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Ground fire resources are augmented by CAL FIRE’s helicopter stationed at Bogg’s Mountain in Lake County and two air tankers based at the Sonoma Air Attack Base at the Charles M. Schultz Sonoma County Airport. The Sheriff’s Helicopter Unit (Henry 1) is equipped with a 150-gallon water-dropping bucket that can assist in the effort when other resources are not available.
Sonoma County’s 40 plus fire agencies have signed a countywide mutual aid agreement to ensure that firefighting resources and personnel will be available to combat a wildland/urban interface fire. (See Part Three – Legal References) If these resources are not enough to meet the threat, fire resources from throughout California can be summoned under the State’s Master Mutual Aid Agreement administered by the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services.
Threat Assessment 8: Explosion
General Situation
A major explosion has the potential to cause numerous injuries and fatalities, extensive property damage and other ensuing hazards and disruptions. The type and location of any explosive accident or intentionally placed device would have a direct effect upon the amount of damage caused. A major explosion could possibly exceed the immediate response capability of the local jurisdiction. Response to the incident might require the implementation of the mutual aid system.
Mass evacuation operations could be required to move affected populations. Many families could be separated, particularly if the incident should occur during working and school hours.
Extensive search and rescue operations could be required to assist trapped and injured persons.
Injured and displaced persons would require emergency medical care, food and temporary shelter. The disruption of public utilities and services, as well as the effect on transportation routes within and peripheral to the major explosion could seriously hamper emergency operations.
Assistance would be required for damage assessment, removal of debris and clearance of roadways, demolition of unsafe structures, assistance in reestablishing public services and utilities, and provision of continuing care and welfare for the affected population, including temporary housing for displaced persons.
Specific Situation
Sonoma County is considered to be a combined suburban and rural area, removed from the multiple risks of explosive material accidents normally associated with a more urbanized environment. With the exception of the facilities of several large manufacturers in the County, the central portion of the County along the U.S. 101 corridor contains the majority of facilities associated with explosive materials accidents. These facilities are generally limited to small industrial parks within or near the incorporated cities. The eastern and western portions of the County are primarily rural and most of this area is forested or agricultural. There are little or no explosive materials associated with the agricultural activities of these areas.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
The County’s accident history shows that most explosive incidents are likely to occur in the transportation corridors. Although there have been very few incidents involving explosive materials, the potential for an extreme threat to life, the environment, and property is high.
Emergency Response Actions
Emergency response actions associated with explosive devices are presented in the Sonoma County Op Area Weapons of Mass Destruction Response Plan.
Threat Assessment 9: Terrorism
General Situation
Terrorism is the use of force or violence against persons or property in violation of the criminal laws of the United States for purposes of intimidation, coercion or ransom. Terrorists often use threats to create fear among the public, to try to convince citizens that their government is powerless to prevent terrorism, and to get immediate publicity for their causes.
Acts of terrorism include threats of terrorism, assassinations, kidnappings, hijackings, bomb scares and bombings, cyber-attacks (computer-based) and the use of chemical, biological and nuclear weapons.
The status of the United States as the sole remaining superpower makes it an attractive target for a rogue state seeking worldwide attention or political gain. Efforts to minimize this scenario are actively being pursued by the DOD, DHS, CIA and FBI. The distinct surety of a massive military response is a convincing deterrent to such renegade government activity, and aids in dramatically reducing this threat. Unfortunately, massive military response is not a credible deterrent to terrorist groups.
Terrorist activities are an increasing threat to our society, and attacks have occurred against both the public and private sectors. Attacks have been directed against government and corporate leaders, private individuals, governing bodies and related agencies, police and other public service personnel and their facilities, public utility facilities, financial institutions, mass gatherings, transportation modes, communication facilities, etc. The likelihood of terrorist attack against such targets is higher than at any time in modern American history.
Since the terrorist attack of September 11th, 2001, intelligence gathering capabilities and cooperative working relationships between law enforcement agencies, local, state and federal governments have been enhanced to thwart additional terrorist attacks. Government can, to some extent, prepare for these types of attacks with plans to deter or react to a given scenario.
Homeland Security grant funding has provided Sonoma County Op Area agencies with many additional first responder capabilities that would be used to respond to such an attack. Working relationships and training with first responders and specialized response teams have been enhanced and expanded.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Since terrorism could occur anywhere in the Sonoma County Op Area, plans have been developed on a generalized basis that would have adaptability throughout the county. A terrorist activity emergency has its own unique characteristics and must be dealt with in accordance to its magnitude and with an appropriate level of response. Determination of the type of response and overall direction remains the responsibility of local officials, both elected and appointed. Plans and procedures have been created, exercised and revised for both the most likely and worst-case scenarios.
The Sonoma County Op Area may also be affected by terrorist events originating or occurring in other parts of the Bay Area. Regional events may start or encourage civil unrest in the Sonoma County Op Area. Response to such an event is the primary responsibility of law enforcement.
However, the Sonoma County Op Area emergency management organization could be heavily tasked to provide fire, emergency medical, planning, logistics, traffic control, and public information support.
Certain facilities, installations or service centers in both public and private sectors have been identified as potential targets for attack by individuals or groups, either by fire, bombing, sabotage, looting or a combination thereof. Local law enforcement agencies have identified and evaluated possible targets and threats.
Specific Situation
Sonoma County Op Area consists of combined urban, suburban and rural areas, and has a mix of various groups with diverse backgrounds, outlooks, interests and objectives. This environment brings together in relative proximity diverse societal groups with a wide spectrum of interests that are not necessarily compatible or of a local nature. Activities occurring throughout the country or world can influence local attitudes. If behavior created by these attitudes becomes a threat to the Sonoma County Op Area, local leadership must be prepared to react appropriately.
The County's leadership must be sensitive to these changes that may occur on a continuing basis.
Developing and using various sources of information that provide indicators of potential disruptive activity are instrumental in preventing a terrorist incident.
The threat of a terrorist chemical or biological weapon detonation/dispersal has increased since the anthrax cases of October 2001. The increased public awareness regarding mail-borne chemicals resulted in over 400 calls for service in the Sonoma County Op Area alone. Just the threat of terrorism can be overwhelming to our first response agencies. Specific protocols have been developed and practiced locally by the first responder community to maximize public safety and minimize calls for service.
Nuclear
Although there are no known incidents of non-governmental groups in control of nuclear weapons, there have been circumstances where groups have been found to have possession of nuclear grade material, including radiological. However, terrorists may eventually be able to gain control of a nuclear weapon.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
A nuclear weapon detonation would have distinct and unique characteristics. Some of the expected dangers from such a detonation would be blast and overpressure, intense heat and light, nuclear radiation (fission and fusion), electromagnetic pulse (EMP), and radioactive fallout. The damage caused by a nuclear explosion is related to the yield of the weapon, type of burst, proximity to the blast, geography, weather, the vicinity to population centers, time of day and the types of construction of the impacted buildings.
Unquestionably, any explosion of a nuclear device, no matter the yield, would severely strain, and perhaps cripple the local emergency response infrastructure. The multiple, large-scale hazards resulting from such a blast would, at minimum, delay response. Damage and casualties near the blast would be horrific and massive. The out-lying areas would also have numerous fires, collapsed and damaged buildings, significant casualties and be subject to radioactive fallout. Great numbers of people would be killed, injured, displaced, and the need for medical, morgue and shelter services would be tremendous.
Chemical/Biological
Intentional release of such weapons would cause considerable damage. If an incident were to occur in a densely populated area, large numbers of casualties could be expected. There are several factors that would determine the scope of such an event. The amount and effectiveness of the selected agent or chemical, method of dispersal, weather conditions, vicinity to population centers, time of day and the expertise of the responding agencies to recognize such an attack would dramatically affect the outcome.
Similar to emerging infectious diseases, early detection and control of biological or chemical attacks is vital to the success in limiting the scope of damage. Chemical terrorism acts are likely to be identified by police, fire and EMS because of their immediate and obvious symptoms. The proper response is similar to the conventional response to acts of violence, hazardous materials incidents and fire.
Conversely, attacks with biological agents are liable to be covert, and therefore much more difficult to recognize. Biological agents will not have an immediate impact because of the delay between exposure and the onset of illness (the incubation period), thus compounding the difficulty of early detection. Moreover, the first casualties will probably be identified by physicians or other primary healthcare providers, and most likely be exhibiting signs of an ordinary viral infection. Recognizing that the symptoms are a result of a biological agent will be extremely difficult without prior experience or training, and an awareness of a preceding event.
Only a short window of time exists between the identification of the first cases and before a second, larger wave of the populace becomes ill. During this phase, emergency officials will need to determine that an attack has occurred, identify the organism, and enact prevention and prophylactic strategies. Responding to large-scale outbreaks caused by bacterial pathogens will require the speedy mobilization of public health workers, emergency responders, and private health care providers. They will also require rapid procurement and distribution of large quantities of drugs and vaccines, which must be available quickly to prevent successive waves of transmission.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Sonoma County Department of Health Services has created, exercised and revised a Public Health Preparedness plan as an annex to this EOP. The primary emphasis of the plan is to provide for early surveillance and recognition of such an attack or disease outbreak, and mobilization of mass dispensing sites for prophylaxis.
Radiological Dispersal Device / “Dirty Bomb”
A Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD)/Dirty Bomb combines a conventional explosive with radioactive material. In most instances, the conventional explosive would have more immediate lethality than the radioactive material. The most probable sources of radiation in a dirty bomb would not emit enough radiation to kill or cause severe illness in humans.
The extent of local contamination would depend on a number of factors, including the size of the explosive, the amount and type of radioactive material used, and weather conditions. Prompt identification of the kind of radioactive material employed would greatly assist local authorities in advising the community on protective measures, such as quickly leaving the immediate area, or going inside until being further advised. Subsequent decontamination of the affected area could involve considerable time and expense.
However, certain radioactive materials, dispersed in the air, could contaminate up to several city blocks. Prompt and accurate public information should be distributed to prevent the panic sought by terrorists.
A second type of RDD might involve a powerful radioactive source hidden in a public place, such as a trash receptacle in a busy bus or transit station, where people passing close to the source might get a significant dose of radiation.
Recovery, following any attack, will not be instantaneous. Restoration will require a continued effort by all involved departments and agencies and elements of the private sector. Community interaction will include restoration of the area to its former condition by terminating emergency regulations and restrictions, removal of barricades, clean-up of debris, and the normalization of services, utilities, transportation routes, and traffic movement and patterns.
Emergency Response Actions
Emergency response actions associated with terrorist events are presented in the Sonoma County Op Area Weapons of Mass Destruction Response Plan, Hazardous Materials Response Plan, Public Health Preparedness Plan and the Mass Casualty Response Plan.
Threat Assessment 10: Civil Unrest
General Situation
The spontaneous disruption of normal, orderly conduct and activities in urban areas, or outbreak of rioting or violence that is of a large nature is referred to as civil unrest. Civil unrest can be Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
spurred by specific events, such as large sporting events or criminal trials, or can be the result of long-term disfavor with authority. Civil unrest is usually noted when normal on-duty police and safety forces cannot adequately the situation until additional resources can be deployed. This is the critical stage when civil unrest can grow to large proportions.
Threats to law enforcement and safety personnel are very real in such circumstances. Every effort must be made to quickly prevent such incidents from growing out of control. Securing of essential facilities and services is necessary. Looting and fires can take place as a result of perceived or actual non-intervention by authorities.
During the response phase to such an event, security for command-and-control locations such as ICPs and EOCs must also be provided.
Specific Situation
There are numerous potential targets for civil disobedience or civil unrest in the Sonoma County Op Area. The Bohemian Grove, defense contractors, college campuses, public utilities, downtown areas, and public buildings are all considered to be at risk from this threat.
Local political issues may generate protests that strain local resources. Police actions, criminal trials, environmental issues, and labor strife could result in serious situations.
Additionally, we may be affected by civil unrest originating or occurring in other parts of the Bay Area. Regional events may start or encourage civil unrest in the Sonoma County Op Area.
Response to such an event is the primary responsibility of law enforcement. However, the Sonoma County Op Area emergency management team could be tasked to provide fire, emergency medical, planning, logistics, traffic control, and public information support, as requested.
Threat Assessment 11: Drought
General Situation
Drought is a fact of life in California. A gradual phenomenon, drought often takes two or three consecutive winters with less than average precipitation to produce a significant impact.
California has experienced droughts in 1912-13, 1918-20, 1923-24, 1929-34, 1947-50, 1959-61, 1976-77, 1987-92, 2008-10 and 2013-14.
Drought produces a complex web of impacts that spans many sectors of the economy and reaches well beyond the area experiencing physical drought. This complexity exists because water is integral for producing goods and providing services.
Impacts are commonly referred to as direct or indirect. Reduced crop, rangeland, and forest productivity; increased fire hazard; reduced water levels; increased livestock and wildlife mortality rates; and rationing are examples of direct impacts of drought. The consequences of Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
these impacts illustrate indirect impacts. For example, a reduction in crop, rangeland, and forest productivity may result in reduced income for farmers and agribusiness, increased prices for food and timber, unemployment, reduced tax revenues, increased crime, foreclosures on bank loans to farmers and businesses, migration, and disaster relief programs. 1976-77 Drought
The drought of 1976-77 was the worst in the state’s recent history due to the driest (1977) and fourth driest (1976) years on record. Statewide, California’s average annual rainfall is 200,000,000 acres-feet. In 1977, precipitation totaled only 90,000,000 acres-feet, or 45 percent of average. This drought left California with dangerously low reservoir and ground water levels.
Forty-seven of the state’s 58 counties declared emergencies. Economic losses totaled $2.4 billion. In Sonoma County, the Russian River saw only 6 percent of its normal runoff in 1977.
The reduction of flow from this water source significantly impacted communities throughout Sonoma, Marin and Mendocino counties.
Specific Situation
The Sonoma County Op Area is very sensitive to the impacts of drought due to its growing population, dependence on a single primary water source for drinking water, affects to the agricultural economic base and environmental concerns.
Drought response measures include rationing or eliminating water allocations for industry, agriculture, landscaping, and fish flows. New, high-capacity emergency wells may be drilled to bring additional ground water into the water distribution system. Water may be hauled to communities whose wells run dry. Public education campaigns will be undertaken to convince the public to use less water. Low water levels threaten to reduce water pressure in firefighting hydrant systems. Water quality is expected to decline due to the dependence on ground water sources.
Water sources
Sonoma County has two principal sources of water for domestic, commercial, industrial and agricultural use: the Russian River and groundwater. Additional water sources include diversions from small streams and reservoirs.
Russian River Watershed
The Russian River watershed extends for 1100 square miles and collects water from rainfall, groundwater seepage, reservoir releases, and Eel River diversions. The two major reservoirs regulating flow on the Russian River are Lake Mendocino (Coyote Valley Dam) and Lake Sonoma (Warm Springs Dam). Lake Mendocino is located on the East Fork of the Russian River in Mendocino County. Lake Mendocino collects water from the watershed around Potter Valley and the Eel River diversion at Pacific Gas & Electric Company’s hydroelectric facility.
Lake Sonoma is located below the headwaters of Dry Creek in Sonoma County and collects water from the upper Dry Creek watershed. With the ability to provide water storage in central and northern Sonoma County, the addition of Warm Springs Dam in 1984, increases our resiliency from the effect of drought. Dry Creek joins the Russian River below Healdsburg. The Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) manages flood control operations at the two reservoirs. The Sonoma Water manages water supply operation at the reservoirs. The State Water Resources Control Board (State Board) sets minimum stream flow requirements on the Russian River and Dry Creek.
In addition to Sonoma County, the Russian River supplies much of the water for Marin and Mendocino counties. In Mendocino County, major users of Russian River water include the Potter Valley Irrigation District, the Redwood Valley Water District, the City of Ukiah and numerous individual diverters along the main stem of the river. In Sonoma County, major users of Russian River water include the cities of Cloverdale and Healdsburg; numerous individual diverters along the main stem of the Russian River and Dry Creek; and the Sonoma Water.
Groundwater
Sonoma County has seven subsurface groundwater basins of which only three underlie the County's most populous areas: the Santa Rosa Plain, Petaluma Valley and Sonoma Valley.
Distribution of water from these sources is managed by a wide variety of public and private agencies, with the type and size of distribution system largely dependent on whether the area served is urban or rural.
Water Agencies
Over four hundred Public Water Systems supply water to most urbanized areas of the county, including all nine incorporated cities and the larger unincorporated communities. Public Water Systems are regulated by the State of California Department of Health Services, Division of Drinking Water. The principal source of supply is the Russian River, although the majority of the smaller agencies rely entirely on wells, springs or streams. Most systems whose primary water source is the Russian River also maintain other sources (wells, springs or streams) which either augment, or back up, the Russian River supply.
The Sonoma Water was formed in 1949 to manage the storage and delivery of Russian River water as a regional water wholesaler. The system operated by Sonoma Water consists of: water storage at Lake Mendocino and Lake Sonoma, a series of six collector wells and seven vertical wells at Wohler and Mirabel Park, and five aqueducts. Sonoma Water also operates and maintains three ground water wells in the Santa Rosa Plain. Sonoma Water serves customers throughout Sonoma and Marin counties, including the cities of Santa Rosa, Rohnert Park, Sebastopol, Petaluma, Sonoma and the Town of Windsor. The Sonoma Water also supplies the Valley of the Moon Water District, Forestville Water District, North Marin Water District, and Marin Municipal Water District. The Sonoma Water has a number of other customers with small demands.
Small Water Systems (From 5 to 14 Service Connections)
About 72 Small Water Systems (5 to 14 service connections) supply water to a wide variety of users in Sonoma County, including campgrounds, small commercial establishments, mobile home parks, isolated rural residences and subdivisions, and small unincorporated communities.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Permitting, inspecting and monitoring are conducted through County Department of Health Services, Division of Environmental Health.
Threat Assessment 12: Pandemic Influenza
General Situation
The worst natural disaster in modern times was the infamous “Spanish flu” of 1918-1919, which caused 20 million deaths worldwide and over 500,000 deaths in the U.S. Although the Asian influenza pandemic of 1957 and the Hong Kong influenza pandemic of 1968 were not as deadly as the Spanish influenza pandemic, both were associated with high rates of illness and social disruption.
Influenza is a highly contagious viral disease. Pandemics occur because of the ability of the influenza virus to change into new types, or strains. People may be immune to some strains of the disease either because they have had that strain of influenza in the past or because they have recently received influenza vaccine. However, depending on how much the virus has changed, people may have little or no immunity to the new strain. Small changes can result in localized epidemics. But, if a novel and highly contagious strain of the influenza virus emerges, an influenza pandemic can occur and affect populations around the world.
California, with its West Coast location and several major ports of entry for flights and shipping from Asia (a likely location for the development of a novel virus), could likely be among the first U.S. locations for an influenza pandemic to establish a foothold. The California Department of Public Health (CDH) estimates that the impact of an influenza pandemic on California’s population of 35 million would include:
• 8.8 million persons ill with influenza (estimated range: 5.3 million to 12.3 million) • 4.7 million outpatient visits (estimated range: 2.8 million to 6.6 million) • 97,200 persons hospitalized (estimated range: 58,300 to 136,000) • 21,500 deaths (estimated range: 12,900 to 30,200).
An influenza pandemic is unlike any other public health emergency or community disaster:
• Many experts consider influenza pandemics to be inevitable, yet no one knows when the next one will occur.
• There may be very little warning. Most experts believe that we will have between one and six months between the time that a novel influenza strain is identified and the time that outbreaks begin to occur in the U.S.
• Outbreaks are expected to occur simultaneously throughout much of the U.S., preventing sharing of human and material resources that normally occur with other natural disasters. • The effect of influenza on individual communities will be relatively prolonged -- weeks to months -- when compared to minutes-to-hours observed in most other natural disasters.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
• Because of the substantial lead times required for vaccine production once a novel strain has been identified, it is likely that vaccine shortages will exist, especially during the early phases of the pandemic. Effective preventive and therapeutic measures -- including antiviral agents -- will likely be in short supply, as may some antibiotics to treat secondary infections.
• When vaccine becomes available, it is expected that individuals will need an initial priming dose followed by a second dose approximately 30 days later to achieve optimal antibody responses and clinical protection.
• Health-care workers and other first responders will likely be at even higher risk of exposure and illness than the general population, further impeding the care of victims. • Widespread illness in the community will also increase the likelihood of sudden and potentially significant shortages of personnel in sectors who provide critical community services: health-care workers, military personnel, police, firefighters, utility workers, and transportation workers are vulnerable.
Specific Situation
Based on estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and County Public Health, a future pandemic could produce the following results:
Figure 2: CDC Pandemic Influenza Estimates
Result United States Sonoma County
Severe Illness 40 - 120 million 123,400
Hospitalized 314,000 – 734,000 1,800 (775-2,380)
Death 89,000 – 207,000 375 (235-600)
Economic Losses $71 billion - $166 billion $1billion-$3 billion The Sonoma County Op Area cannot be isolated and thus its residents are subject to contracting and spreading the illness. The population is centered along the U.S. 101 transportation corridor which could speed the transmission of the influenza as well as impact response efforts.
Depending on the perceived risk, large numbers of the public may leave the urban centers of the Bay Area.
Under California law and Sonoma County Code, the County Health Officer has the primary responsibility for responding to a public health emergency such as influenza pandemic.
Emergency Response Actions
Emergency response actions associated with pandemic are presented in the Sonoma County Op Area Public Health Preparedness Response Plan.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Threat Assessment 13: Energy Loss
General Situation
Energy is the essential force powering homes, business, manufacturing, and the transportation of goods and services within our communities. Energy is derived from renewable and nonrenewable sources and then transported from its point of origin to the point of consumption.
Electric power is conveyed via long-distance transmission and distribution lines, natural gas is conveyed via pipelines, and vehicle fuels and propane are conveyed via tankers. While the county is ready to handle small energy disruptions, possible long-term impacts of a major energy disruption include the failure of businesses, increased unemployment, elevated risk of disease, increased rates of general illness and mortality and decreased tax revenue. Dangers and damages due to energy loss are dependent on weather, the season of the year, the duration of the energy loss, the severity of the energy loss, and the facilities that become affected by the power or fuel loss.
Specific Situation
The Sonoma County Op Area obtains electric power from a variety of in- and out-of-county sources, including gas-fired power plants, nuclear power plants, fuel cells, hydropower and renewable sources such as wind, geothermal and solar power. The Operational Area’s main distributor of electricity, Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E), draws on a variety of these sources to feed its regional power grids. According to the 2010 California Energy Commission & American Community Survey, Sonoma County consumed 5,925 kWh of electricity per capita and 118 million therms of natural gas. While residential gas consumption makes up 2/3 of natural gas consumption, non-residential electrical consumption makes up makes up more than 1/2 (52.9%) of electrical consumption within the Operational Area. • Sonoma County’s energy production, storage and distribution systems are vulnerable to physical hazards as well as shortages caused by market forces, weather and operating conditions.
• Energy disruption may have significant impacts on the Operational Area’s economy, environment and standard of living. During extreme weather, an energy disruption may result in increased risks to public health and safety.
Sonoma County Energy Sources
The County General Services Department manages and maintains 1.5 million square feet of owned space and 350,000 square feet of leased space. The County-owned facilities use approximately 18.5 million kilowatt-hours per year (kWh/y) of electricity. Natural gas-fired boilers heat most facilities. Added in 2011, the electrical system is supplemented by the waste heat from a 1.4 MW hydrogen fuel cell which powers approximately 90% of the County’s Administrative Center.
Constructed in 1993, expanded in 2003, and operated by the County Department of Transportation and Public Works, a power plant at the Central Landfill off Meacham Road Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
generates 7,500 kW of electricity through the combustion of methane gas from the landfill. The County uses a small fraction of the energy for on-site uses and sells the remainder to Power and Water Resources Pooling Authority (PWRPA).
The Sonoma Water uses large amounts of electricity, primarily to operate its water extraction pumps at its Wohler diversion facility along the Russian River; they use approximately 44,500 MWh of electricity annually. The Water Agency operates a hydroelectric facility at Warm Springs Dam rated at 2.6 MW. The annual electricity production of the facility is about 13,000 MWh. The Water Agency sells electricity from the hydroelectric facility to PWRPA. The Water Agency has recently enlarged its solar power production facilities to produce additional electricity.
There are two major wastewater treatment plants in Sonoma County, Ellis Creek Water Recycling Facility and the Laguna Treatment Plant. The treatment plants use anaerobic digestion to produce methane, which is then used to produce power and heat during the treatment process. The fuel is used for the plant boilers, thus reducing energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions.
Sonoma County currently does not have any onshore or offshore fossil fuel (e.g., oil or gas) production facilities.
Private Energy Generation Facilities
The main private energy generator in the county is the Geysers Geothermal Power Plants that total approximately 850 MW and generate approximately five million MWh/y. Other private energy generation facilities include small-scale solar photovoltaic (PV), hydroelectric, and wind systems used to generate power for residences, agricultural operations, and commercial uses, particularly in the rural areas of the county.
Threat Assessment 14: Food and Agriculture Emergency
General Situation
Agriculture includes animal and plant products that are transported, produced and consumed within the Sonoma County Op Area. Damage to agriculture, including loss of crops and death of animals, can be a secondary impact of another emergency such as severe weather, flooding, drought or can result from disease and pest infestation. The California Department of Food Agriculture (CDFA), in conjunction with the United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) play a significant role in the response to a food or agriculture emergency.
Specific Situation
The Sonoma County economy is dependent upon the rich agricultural industry that provides the impetus for food production, jobs and tourism. The wine, dairy, nursery and farm industries are integral parts of our diverse economic landscape. Each year the Sonoma County Agricultural Commission releases a crop report. The crop report value for 2013 was $848 million, which was an increase of approximately 4% from the 2012 report. Wine grape production slightly exceeded Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
the yield for 2012, which had been the largest wine grape crop on record in Sonoma County.
Livestock and poultry products such as eggs and milk experienced a 5.5% increase in value.
Increases in other crops were also experienced.
The robust nature of the agricultural community is dependent upon a safe and reliable environment. During times of disaster, such conditions may not exist and impact the agricultural sector in significant ways.
• Disruption in production or distribution of agriculture products can result in food shortages and lost economic revenue.
• Agriculture products produced in and shipped into the County, are at risk of contamination at various points in the production/transportation cycle. • Disease vectors may require costly and/or time-consuming mitigations, animal or food isolation and/or quarantines and potentially force culling of herds. • Widespread, mass culling of herds will create disposal and air quality issues. • Food contamination can result in both localized and widespread food-borne illness, thereby causing a public health emergency or long-term economic impacts.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
APPENDIX B: RESPONSE AND SHORT-TERM RECOVERY
Concept of Operations
The emergency management organization in Sonoma County will identify potential threats to life, property and the environment and develop plans and procedures to protect those assets.
These plans and procedures will direct emergency response and recovery activities and will be validated by the conduct of actual responses or by exercising. The goal is to maintain a robust emergency management organization with strong collaborative ties among local, regional and state governments, community-based organizations and volunteers, special needs community, public service agencies, and the private sector under the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) and National Incident Management System (NIMS) structure (See SEMS in this section).
The four emergency management phases listed below provide the structure to categorize governmental actions. Not every disaster necessarily includes all emergency management phases.
Preparedness Phase
The preparedness phase involves activities taken in advance of an emergency. Preparedness activities develop operational capabilities and effective responses to a disaster. These actions might include mitigation activities, emergency/disaster planning, training, exercises and public education. Members of the emergency management organization regularly prepare Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and checklists detailing personnel assignments, policies, notification rosters, and resource lists. Personnel assigned to the Emergency Operation Center should be familiar with these SOPs and checklists.
Training and Exercising
Those with responsibilities under this plan must ensure their personnel are properly trained to carry out these responsibilities. Training directly supports the Operational Area EOC by standardizing ICS/SEMS/NIMS training requirements and recommendations. Following the program will improve EOC staff effectiveness and confidence in delivering high quality service to the public even under the most difficult conditions. The program is based on initially identifying common skills and courses and working toward specific position training for all EOC functions.
Training shall follow the guidance established in the National Incident Management System Training Program and the Combined Training Matrix developed by CAL OES. EOC Section Chiefs are expected to ensure each of their staff members attend and complete required EOC trainings outlined in the SDP. The Director of Emergency Services will regularly review and update the courses and exercises.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
The best method of training emergency responders is through exercises. Exercises allow emergency responders to become familiar with the procedures, facilities and systems that they will use in emergency situations.
Exercises will be conducted on a regular basis to maintain readiness and validate plans.
Exercises will include as many Operational Area member jurisdictions as possible, focus on EOC functional areas as needed in order to develop or strengthen assorted capabilities, and incorporate participants from the whole community, to include residents with disabilities and others with access and functional needs. Following all major exercises, drills, and actual incidents, the Sonoma County Op Area requires that an After Action Report (AAR) and Improvement Plan (IP) be developed outlining areas for improvement of plans and systems. The Sonoma County Op Area has developed a Corrective Action Plan process that makes assignments for implementing improvements outlined in AARs. This system is a best practice and in accordance with Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) and NIMS requirements.
The Director of Emergency Services will inform County departments and Operational Area jurisdictions of training and exercise opportunities associated with emergency management.
Training and exercise opportunities will be published and distributed quarterly in conjunction with each Emergency Coordinators’ Forum and Emergency Council Meeting.
Response Phase
Pre-Emergency
When a disaster is imminent, actions are precautionary and emphasize protection of life. Typical responses might be:
• Activation of a local EOC.
• Information gathering and assessment of the emergency. • Sharing information and consulting with local response partners. • Alerting necessary agencies, placing critical resources and personnel on stand-by. • Advising threatened populations of the emergency and apprising them of safety actions to be taken.
• Identifying the need for requesting mutual aid.
Emergency Response
During this phase, emphasis is placed on saving lives and property, attempting to establish and maintain control of the situation and minimizing effects of the disaster. Immediate response is accomplished within the affected area by local government agencies and segments of the private sector.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
• Evacuation of threatened populations to safe areas.
• Proclamation of a Local Emergency by local authorities. • Requesting mutual aid.
Sustained Emergency
In addition to continuing life safety and property protection operations, mass care, relocation, public information, situation analysis, status and damage assessment operations may be initiated.
Recovery Phase
At the onset of an emergency, actions should be taken to enhance the effectiveness of recovery operations. The recovery phase is both short-term activities intended to restore vital lifeline systems and long-term activities designed to return infrastructure systems to pre-disaster conditions. The recovery phase may also include cost recovery activities.
The recovery period has major objectives which may overlap, including:
• Reinstatement of family autonomy.
• Provision of essential public services.
• Permanent restoration of private and public property. • Identification of residual hazards.
• Plans to mitigate future hazards.
• Recovery of costs associated with response and recovery efforts. • Coordination with State and Federal governments offering private and public assistance.
Mitigation Phase
Mitigation efforts can occur both before and following disaster events. Post-disaster mitigation is part of the recovery process. Eliminating or reducing the impact of hazards that exist within the Sonoma County Op Area that are a threat to life and property are part of the mitigation efforts. Mitigation tools include:
• Local ordinances and statutes (zoning ordinances, building codes and enforcement, etc.). • Structural measures.
• Tax levy or abatements.
• Public information and community relations.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
• Land use planning.
• Hazard mitigation planning.
See the Sonoma County Hazard Mitigation Plan for additional information on mitigation efforts and priorities in the county.
Private Sector Responsibilities
Sonoma County Residents
Residents of Sonoma County play an important role in emergency management by ensuring that their families are prepared for disasters. This plan assumes that many of our residents have made the appropriate and necessary preparations for disaster, lessening the burden on the emergency management organization.
It is recommended that all residents prepare for disaster by taking first aid and CPR training, maintaining disaster supplies of food and water, safekeeping personal documentation consisting of, but not limited to, personal identification and individual medical records. These actions will better prepare residents to evacuate or shelter-in-place for several days. Those families or residents with disabilities and others with access and functional needs may require additional personal planning before, during, and after an emergency to accommodate their need for assistance with communication, maintaining health and medical supplies, independence, support and safety, or transportation.
Many local government agencies have individual, family and community preparedness initiatives. Residents may participate in the disaster response by joining disaster volunteer programs such as American Red Cross (ARC), Auxiliary Communications Service (ACS), Sonoma County Sheriff’s Search & Rescue, or by forming a local Community Emergency Response Team (CERT). During an emergency, residents should monitor emergency alert and warnings and carefully follow directions from authorities. By being prepared, residents can increase their safety for their family, their community and reduce demands on first responders and the emergency management organization. Additional preparedness information, resources and assorted training opportunities can be found on the Sonoma County Fire and Emergency Services Department website.
The County encourages members of the public with complaints regarding access to a facility, program or service to attempt to informally resolve those complaints or file a grievance with the County ADA Coordinator.
Businesses
Much of the county’s critical infrastructure is owned or maintained by businesses and must be protected during a response to ensure a quick and complete recovery from an emergency. These businesses provide valuable resources before, during and after an emergency and play a critical role in meeting the needs of those impacted by an emergency.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Target Hazards: Some key industries are potential targets for terrorist attacks and must institute measures to prevent attacks and protect their infrastructure and the surrounding community.
This requires businesses to coordinate with federal, state and local governments to ensure that their emergency plans are integrated with government plans.
Hazardous Materials Area Plans: Businesses that handle hazardous materials in Sonoma County are required to file a Hazardous Materials Business Plan (HMBP) and Risk Management Plans to Certified Unified Program Agencies (CUPAs). The California Health & Safety Code (Division 20, Chapter 6.95) defines a hazardous material as "any material that, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristics, poses a significant present or potential hazard to human health and the environment if released into the workplace or the environment." Common hazardous materials include new and used oil, gasoline, diesel fuel, propane, antifreeze, solvents, etc.
The Hazardous Materials (HazMat) Division in the Sonoma County Fire & Emergency Services Department has the responsibility for the County's Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA) Programs. There are three other CUPA agencies in Sonoma County which regulate facilities in their communities: Santa Rosa Fire Department, Petaluma Fire Department and Healdsburg Fire Department, which regulates facilities within Sebastopol and Healdsburg through a Joint Powers Agreement.
Business Emergency Plans: This plan recommends that all businesses develop comprehensive emergency plans that include employee injury and illness prevention programs, business resumption and continuity of operations elements. A comprehensive business emergency plan can assist the business and the community at-large by providing:
• Information to the employees to protect themselves and their families from the effects of likely emergencies.
• A business emergency organization with identified positions having clear and specific emergency roles, responsibilities, delegated authority and identified successors. • An identification of actions necessary to protect company property and records during emergencies.
• A listing of critical products and services.
• Production shut-down procedures.
• A company command post.
• Alternate work sites.
• Methods and channels of communication.
• Contacts with local emergency management officials.
• A method to provide and accept goods and services from other companies.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Business Operations Centers: This plan promotes the use of business operations centers to enhance public and private coordination. State and local governments can effectively coordinate with businesses by establishing a business operations center that is linked to an existing emergency operations center.
People with Access and Functional Needs
The Access and Functional Needs Plan provides an overview of the City policy with respect to emergency planning and emergency services for citizens with access and functional needs. The City of Sebastopol is committed to achieving and fostering a whole community emergency management system that is fully inclusive of individuals with disabilities and others with access and functional needs. Through the integration of community-based organizations, service providers, government programs, and individuals with disabilities and others with access and functional needs into the planning process, meaningful partnerships have been introduced into the emergency management system. Sebastopol has included in its planning to ensure alert and warning, mass care and shelter, public information, and evacuation planning are inclusive of the Whole Community.
Furthermore, Sebastopol is committed to maximizing compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and providing the best service to Sebastopol Area residents and visitors. As such, the Operational Area adheres to the guidelines outlined below:
• Disability will not prevent accessibility to services or facilities provided by the Operational Area.
• The Operational Area will not exclude or deny benefits of any sort based on a disability, access, or functional need
• The Operational Area will work to accommodate people with disabilities and those with access and/or functional needs in the most integrated setting possible. • During all phases of disaster response, the Operational Area will make reasonable modifications to policies, practices, and procedures, if necessary, to ensure programmatic and architectural access to all.
• The Operational Area will shelter people with disabilities and those with access and/or functional needs with their families, friends and/or neighbors as feasible in the most integrated setting possible.
In the Operational Area, all programs, services, and activities provided to residents during times of emergency, to the maximum extent feasible, will be inclusive of individuals with disabilities and others with access and functional needs. The following are key focus areas for inclusive service delivery and support:
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
• Accessible transportation
• Assistance animals
• Dietary restrictions and needs
• Assistive equipment and services
• Accessible public messaging
• Evacuation assistance
• Restoration of essential services
• Language translation and interpretation services
• Service delivery site ADA compliance
In addition to observing inclusive planning practices, the Operational Area is also attentive to Federal and State laws that govern the service of individuals with disabilities and others with access and functional needs during emergency planning and response efforts. The Operational Area complies with Federal laws that prohibit discrimination in emergency management programs on the basis of disability. Those laws are cited in the Authorities section of this plan.
Additionally, the Operational Area complies with California Government Code § 8593.3, which requires government agencies to integrate planning for the needs of individuals with access and functional needs into emergency operations plans. As stated in the Code, this includes planning for individuals who have developmental or intellectual disabilities, physical disabilities, chronic conditions, injuries, limited English proficiency or who are non-English speaking, older adults, children, people living in institutionalized settings, or those who are low income, homeless, or transportation disadvantaged, including, but not limited to, those who are dependent on public transit or those who are pregnant.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
City of Sebastopol Emergency Management Organization
The City of Sebastopol, functions as Operational Area, has defined specific roles and responsibilities to respond to disasters and perform emergency management. These roles and responsibility outlined in this EOP and are part of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Management Organization.
The Fire Chief serves as the Director of Emergency Services and will direct the City of Sebastopol’s emergency management organization, including emergency response and recovery.
Director of Emergency
Services
Alt. City Manager
Operations
Lieutenant
Alt. Sergeant
Law Enforcement
Sergeant
Alt. FTO
Communications
Records/Dispatch Manager
Alt. Senior Dispatcher
Public Works/Utilities
PW Supervisor
Alt. Asst. PW Supervisor
Fire and Rescue
Asst. Fire Chief
Alt. Senior Firefighter
Planning/Logistics
Planning Director
Alt. Engineer Manager
Situation Analysis/Damage
Assessment
Building Official
Alt. City Engineer
Documentation/
Resource Status
PW Associate Planner
Alt. PW Admin. Analyst
Staff Care/Shelter
Planning SR. Admin. Asst.
Alt. FD Senior Admin. Asst.
Recovery
Director of Emer. Svs.
Alt. City Manager
Finance
Admin. Svcs. Director
Alt. Accountant/Analyst
Time Unit/Human Resources
Accountant/Analyst
Alt. Admin. Svcs. Director
Compensation/Claims
Admin. Svcs. Director
Alt. Accountant/Analyst
Transportation/Supply/Cost/
Records
PW Admin. Amalyst
Alt. FD Senior Admin. Asst.
EOC Coordinator/Safety
Officer
Chief of Police
Alt. Director of Emer. Svs.
Public Information/Liaison Officer
City Clerk
Alt. Police Chief
Legal
City Attorney
Alt.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
In a large-scale disaster, the Director of Emergency Services accomplishes these responsibilities by activating, staffing and managing the City of Sebastopol Area EOC. The Director of Emergency Services is supported by the emergency management organization and has overall responsibility for:
• Operating communications and warning systems
• Providing information and guidance to the public
• Maintaining information on the status of resources, services, and operations • Directing overall emergency management operations
• Obtaining support for the City of Sebastopol and providing support to other jurisdictions as required
• Identifying and analyzing potential hazards and recommending appropriate mitigations • Collecting, evaluating and sharing damage assessment and other essential information Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
APPENDIX C: MESSAGE TEMPLATES
Earthquake (Initial Message)
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center. There's been an earthquake centered at _________________________ with the magnitude of __________. Aftershocks are a strong possibility.
• Use the telephone for life threatening emergencies ONLY. • Don't go outside unless you think the building you're in is unsafe. • If the shaking starts again, protect yourself by staying away from windows and taking cover in a doorframe or under a sturdy piece of furniture.
• If you're outdoors, stay in the open away from buildings, bridges, signs and overhead wires.
Emergency Response Personnel are in the area and beginning their response. • Remain calm and do an assessment of those in your building and on your block if it is safe to do so. It may take responders some time to get to your area. If you have made a family and neighborhood plan, begin them with the help of those around you. There may be citizens nearby with first aid and emergency training. Use them to help do an assessment and begin a response in your building or block.
We will provide more information as it is available. This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Earthquake (First Response Report Message)
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center. At approximately _ _ today, an earthquake with the magnitude of _______struck the area, with its epicenter at .
Fire and police units were immediately dispatched to assess damage and provide emergency response.
(Indicate injuries, deaths, property damage, fires, etc., reported to date.) Aftershocks were felt, the largest occurring at . At (time) no additional damage had been reported (specify damage).
Emergency Operations Centers at _________________ and _______________ have been opened. Shelters have/have not been opened at .
The County Board of Supervisors/ and the Sebastopol City Council have proclaimed the existence of a Local Emergency and requested that the Governor proclaim a State of Emergency as well. First response agencies and Citizen Emergency Response Teams are in the process of conducting Damage Assessments. We are asking that you remain calm and use the telephone for life threatening emergencies ONLY.
If another earthquake or aftershock should occur, take the following actions:
• If indoors, protect yourself by taking cover in a doorframe, or beneath sturdy furniture. • Do not attempt to run outdoors. It is usually safer inside the building. • If you're outdoors, stay in the open away from buildings, bridges, signs and overhead wires.
• Do not attempt to use elevators. (They are designed to safely shut down during an earthquake.)
• If driving, pull over to the side of the road (not under a bridge).
We will provide more information as it is available. This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Earthquake (Aftershock Advisory Message)
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center. In response to the ________-magnitude Earthquake in Sonoma County, the Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center has been activated to support all local response efforts. We do advise all residents to be prepared for a period of aftershocks.
The earthquake that struck at____________ (today, yesterday, etc.) and caused initial reports of damage in ______________________.
USGS officials have advised that there is a 90 percent or greater probability that there will be strong aftershocks of within the next seven days. There is a 5 percent to 10 percent probability of an earthquake equal to or larger than the main shock within that time. Because of the potential for aftershocks, it is critical that we all practice earthquake safety procedures in the days to come.
You can protect yourself from falling objects during shaking by getting beneath a sturdy desk or table. Hang on to the furniture to prevent it from sliding away and leaving you exposed. If no furniture is available, crouch and cover your head at the base of an interior wall or hallway, away from windows, bookshelves, mirrors or other damaging objects. If driving, pull over to the side of the road. Once the shaking stops, you can help people who might be trapped or injured, and exit the building. Get prepared now by packing an earthquake preparedness kit. A kit should include a portable radio with extra batteries so as to listen for emergency instructions. It should also include a flashlight with extra batteries and enough food, water and medical supplies to sustain you and your family for three days. Emergency crews might only be available to assist the most critically injured immediately after an earthquake. We will provide more information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Earthquake (Public Safety Message)
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center. As a result of today’s earthquake in _______________, we are recommending the following safety precautions be taken:
• Check for damage, especially to utilities, foundation, walls, and chimneys • If you smell or hear leaking gas, open your windows and get everyone out of the building right away. Don't switch electric lights on or off. If you need more light, use flashlights NOT matches, lighters or candles. A spark or open flame could cause an explosion or start a fire. • If you smell smoke, get everyone out now. Use a fire extinguisher to put out small fires.
Don't use water on electrical or gas fires
• Check on your family members. Then help the people around you, your family, neighbors and coworkers. You'll find first aid instructions in the front pages of your telephone directory • Inspect your home's foundation, walls, and chimneys. Look and listen for any signs of possible collapse. Clean up flammable liquids and other hazardous materials. • Stay off the telephone... including your cell phone... unless you're reporting a life-threatening injury or fire. Keep lines open for emergency responders. If you must move from where you are now, leave a note on the front door to tell family and emergency workers know where you've gone.
• Try to store water now for use later on. Start by filling your bathtub and any other large containers. If your water heater is undamaged, the water inside it will be useful for drinking and cooking.
• Plan on sterilizing any water that isn't already bottled. You can sterilize water by boiling it for five minutes... or by adding about 8 drops of bleach per gallon and letting the mixture stand for half an hour
• If your power is out, eat the perishable foods and the food in your refrigerator first... then the food from your freezer... save food stored on your shelves for last. Unless you're sure your gas and electric connections are safe, cook outside on a barbecue, a charcoal grill or a camping stove.
Remember that those are only for use outdoors.
We will continue to provide information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Tsunami
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center. We have been warned by the National Weather Service that a tsunami, or seismic sea wave (may) (has been) generated in the Pacific and may strike our coast. The wave, if one was generated, will arrive here at approximately .
The areas at risk from flooding are:
All persons in the risk areas should evacuate to . You should be able to return to your homes within _____hours. Security patrols will prevent anyone from entering the evacuated areas.
We urge you NOT to take this event lightly. In the last 40 years, 355 people have lost their lives and more than $485 million in property damage has occurred in the U.S. as a result of Tsunamis.
A tsunami is not a single wave, but a series of waves. Stay out of the risk area until you are advised that re-entry may begin. Waves may be as far apart as one hour and up to twenty feet high on this part of the coast.
DO NOT go to the beach to watch for a tsunami. The wave moves much faster than you can run.
The only way to avoid death or injury is to stay out of the strike path of a Tsunami.
During this emergency, local police, fire, and emergency services officials are trying to save your life. Give them your complete cooperation.
We will continue to provide information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Winter Storms/Floods/Flash Floods
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center. The recent storm has caused severe/moderate flooding in several/many areas of the city/county. As of today, law enforcement officials have closed the following roads/streets:
Please avoid these roads/streets. If you must travel, use alternate routes. Avoid all coastal roads.
Again, those roads/streets which have been closed are:
Please stay tuned to this station for additional road closure information.
We will continue to provide information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Approved Viewing Spots
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center. The following storm-damaged areas are still extremely hazardous and should be avoided:
Please do not try to sightsee in these areas. You could be hurt. If you feel you must observe the storm damage, the following are approved viewing spots:
Again, please avoid the storm-damaged areas. You may place your life and that of others in danger.
Thank you for your cooperation.
We will continue to provide information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Evacuation Ordered
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
The flooding situation continues in parts of county/city and may worsen. For your safety, you are requested to leave the area as soon as possible (give boundaries of local area, evacuation routes).
Be sure to take essential items -- medicine, special foods, personal items, baby supplies, clothing, money, and valuable papers -- but do not overload your car. Secure your home before you leave.
Be sure to check on any neighbors who may need assistance.
If you cannot stay with relatives or friends outside of the evacuation area, go to (one of) the Red Cross shelter(s) at
Pets will not be allowed in Red Cross shelters. If you cannot make arrangements for someone outside the evacuation area to take care of your pet, (give instructions). Do not allow your pet to run loose. If you cannot make arrangements for your large animals, (give instructions).
If you have no means of transportation or if you are physically unable to evacuate on your own, ask a neighbor to assist you or call Otherwise, please do not use your telephone except to report an emergency.
Emergency Operations Centers at _________________ and _______________ have been opened. Shelters have/have not been opened at .
The County Board of Supervisors/ and the Sebastopol City Council have proclaimed the existence of a Local Emergency and requested that the Governor proclaim a State of Emergency.
First response agencies and Citizen Emergency Response Teams are in the process of conducting Damage Assessments. We are asking that you remain calm and use the telephone for life threatening emergencies ONLY.
We will provide more information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Landslide/Mudslide/Debris Flow
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center. The recent storm has caused a __________________ in the _______________ area within Sonoma County. As of today, the following roads/streets have been closed by law enforcement officials:
Please avoid these roads/streets. If you must travel, use alternate routes. Avoid all coastal roads.
Again, those roads/streets which have been closed are:
Please stay tuned to this station for additional road closure information.
We will continue to provide information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Terrorism / National Security Incident
(ADAPT ACCORDING TO THE SITUATION)
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
At approximately AM/PM today a ___________________ incident was reported to ________________________ in ____________________
The situation has been verified and is a real threat to the public. Citizens in ________________________ within Sonoma County are urged to __________________ As a result of this incident. Precautionary evacuation of the area (immediately/X-block) surrounding the spill was (requested/required) by (agency). Approximately persons have been evacuated.
The City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center (has/has not) been activated.
At this time, we are urging citizens to ___________________________________ We will continue to provide information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Terrorism / National Security Incident Public Protective Actions (ADAPT ACCORDING TO THE SITUATION)
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Due to the_____________ incident that occurred at _______________. in __________________ involving ________________________
A precautionary evacuation of the area (immediately/X-block) surrounding the incident was implemented by (agency). Approximately persons were evacuated. (Describe in charge agencies and any public protective actions being taken or suggested.) We will continue to provide information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Explosion
(ADAPT ACCORDING TO THE SITUATION)
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center. At approximately AM/PM today an explosion occurred at ____________________ in ______________. The incident was reported by . (Police/fire) units were immediately dispatched to cordon off the area and direct traffic. The cause of the explosion (has/has not) been determined. (Describe the cause if known) Precautionary evacuation of the area (immediately/Xblock) surrounding the spill was (requested/required) by (agency). Approximately persons were evacuated. There were no injuries reported. (or persons, including (fire/police) personnel, were treated at area hospitals for . (All/number) were later released. Those remaining in the hospital are in condition. Response agencies involved were At this time, we are urging citizens to ___________________________________ We will continue to provide information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9 Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Building Collapse
(ADAPT ACCORDING TO THE SITUATION)
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
At approximately AM/PM today __________________________________ Building at ____________________________ collapsed. The cause of the building collapse is under investigation. Response teams from ____________________________ are at the site and working to organize rescue and search missions. They are being assisted by _____________________________________________________________ A precautionary evacuation of the area (immediately/X-block) surrounding the spill was (requested/required) by (agency). Approximately persons have been evacuated. (Describe injuries, deaths, and damages)
At this time, we are urging citizens to ___________________________________ We will continue to provide information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Public Health Emergency
(ADAPT ACCORDING TO THE SITUATION)
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
At approximately AM/PM today _____________________, Public Health Officer, for the Sonoma County Department of Health Services declared a Public Health Emergency for ____________________ within Sonoma County. The Order of a Public Health Emergency was deemed necessary because of ___________________________ That (occurred/was discovered) _________________ by _________________________ At this point, citizens in the area have been advised to ___________________________
(Describe and public protective actions being recommended or mandated) We will continue to provide information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Transportation Accident
(ADAPT ACCORDING TO THE SITUATION)
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
At approximately AM/PM today ___________________(describe vehicle or vehicles involved in the accident) was involved in a_______________ at _____________ The cause of the incident is _______________________(unknown/under investigation, etc.) At this time response crews from ________________________ are on scene and coordinating the search and rescue operations.
A team from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is en route to the site and will work with local Law Enforcement and other officials to conduct the investigation into the causes for the accident.
A precautionary evacuation of the area (immediately/X-block) surrounding the spill was (requested/required) by (agency). Approximately persons have been evacuated.
At this point, citizens in the area have been advised to ___________________________ (Describe and public protective actions being recommended or mandated) We will continue to provide information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Civil Unrest
(ADAPT ACCORDING TO THE SITUATION)
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
At approximately AM/PM today an incident at ______________________ occurred when _________________________________________________________ The (Sonoma County Sheriff’s Department and/or Local PD) is on the scene and has___________________________________________________________________ The cause of the incident is _______________________(unknown/under investigation, etc.)
At this point, citizens in the area have been advised to ___________________________ (Describe and public protective actions being recommended or mandated) We will continue to provide information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
Utility Emergency
(ADAPT ACCORDING TO THE SITUATION)
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
At approximately AM/PM today an incident at ______________________ occurred when _________________________________________________________ The cause of the incident is _______________________(unknown/under investigation, etc.) It is expected that the (utility) will return at ______________ At this point, citizens in the area have been advised to ___________________________ (Describe and public protective actions being recommended or mandated) We will continue to provide information as it is available.
This is ____________________ of the City of Sebastopol Emergency Operations Center.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
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APPENDIX D: SEBASTOPOL EVACUATION ZONES
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Sebastopol Evacuation Zone 1
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Sebastopol Evacuation Zone 2
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Sebastopol Evacuation Zone 3
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Sebastopol Evacuation Map Zone 4
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City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
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City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
APPENDIX F: SAMPLE PROCLAMATION
WHEREAS, Ordinance No. _________ of the City/County of _____________ empowers the Director of Emergency Services* to proclaim the existence or threatened existence of a local emergency when said City/County is affected or likely to be affected by a public calamity and the
City Council/County Board of Supervisors is not in session, and; WHEREAS, the Director of Emergency Services* of the City/County of _________does hereby find; that conditions of extreme peril to the safety of persons and property have arisen within said city/county, caused by _____________________(fire, flood, storm, mudslides, torrential rain, wind, earthquake, drought, or other causes); which began on the ______th day of ________________, 20_____. and;
WHEREAS, That these conditions are or are likely to be beyond the control of the services, personnel,
equipment, and facilities of said City/County, and;
WHEREAS, That the City Council/County Board of Supervisors of the City/County of ________________ is
not in session and cannot immediately be called into session.
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY PROCLAIMED that a local emergency now exists throughout said City/County, and;
IT IS FURTHER PROCLAIMED AND ORDERED that during the existence of said local emergency the powers, functions, and duties of the emergency organization of this City/County shall be those prescribed by state law, by ordinances, and resolutions of this City/County; and that this emergency proclamation shall expire 7 days after issuance unless confirmed and ratified by the governing body of the City/County of __________________________________.
Dated: __________________________ By:______________________________ Director of Emergency Services*
Print Name_________________________
Address____________________________
*Insert appropriate title and governing body
Note: Local governments should provide a description of the local efforts and identification of the specific
type and extent of state emergency assistance needed.
Note: It may not be necessary for a city to proclaim a local emergency if the county has already proclaimed an emergency that applies to the entire geographic county area or for a specific area that includes the impacted city or cities.
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025
APPENDIX F: RECORD OF CHANGES
DATE DESCRIPTION
Agenda Item Number: 9
Agenda Item Number: 9
City Council Meeting Packet for Meeting of: June 17, 2025