City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds
96 new and existing buildings to reduce natural gas consumption within the City. Implementation of these actions could involve minor alterations to existing natural gas infrastructure as natural gas use is reduced. However, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 would serve as a pathway to reduce GHG emissions, including emissions related to energy consumption, and other beneficial environmental and sustainability effects. These benefits include a reduction in natural gas consumption. Therefore, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds would result in a less-than-significant impact related to construction, removal, or relocation of natural gas power facilities and infrastructure.
Telecommunications Facilities/Infrastructure
Sunnyvale is served by existing telecommunications companies such as AT&T and Comcast. The Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 would not alter existing telecommunications facilities and infrastructure and would not involve new land uses or development that would require new telecommunications infrastructure. Therefore, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 would result in no impact related to need for construction or expansion of telecommunication facilities and infrastructure.
Overall, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 would result in a less-than-significant impact related to need for construction, relocation, or expansion of utilities. b. Would the project have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years? c. Would the project result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments?
The CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds is a guidance document and does not propose development or changes to land use and zoning. Thus, implementation of the CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds would not result in construction or operational impacts related to water supplies or wastewater.
Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 is a policy-level document that does not propose development or changes to land use and zoning designations or include site-specific infrastructure designs or project proposals, nor does it grant entitlements for development that would have the potential to increase demand for water supply or wastewater treatment. Rather the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 contains Plays and Moves to reduce water use, such as Play 4.2, which includes actions to require water efficient fixtures and landscaping irrigation, promote graywater use, and education the community on water conservation, and Play 4.3, which would increase green stormwater infrastructure and groundwater infiltration in the City. Therefore, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds would result in no impact related to water supply and wastewater treatment. d. Would the project generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals?
e. Would the project comply with federal, State, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste?
The City contracts with Specialty Solid Waste and Recycling to provide solid waste collection services to residents and businesses in Sunnyvale. Collected waste is transported to the Sunnyvale Materials Attachment 7
Environmental Checklist
Utilities and Service Systems
Final Initial Study–Negative Declaration 97
Recovery and Transfer Station, where it is sorted to remove recyclable materials from mixed waste and prepare them and source-separated recyclables and compostable materials for shipment to markets. The City of Sunnyvale has an agreement for solid waste disposal with Waste Management of California that currently directs the City’s waste to the Kirby Canyon Landfill. If, in the future, Waste Management of California closed the Kirby Canyon Landfill, Waste Management would be required to provide Sunnyvale disposal capacity at an alternative disposal site.107 The Kirby Canyon Landfill has a remaining capacity of 16,191,600 cubic yards with a maximum daily throughput of 2,600 tons of waste and is permitted to operate through 2059.108 The Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds do not propose development or changes to land use and zoning designations and would not facilitate increased development and, thus, would not result in an increase in solid waste collection and disposal demand. Rather, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 includes Play 4.1, which would reduce solid waste production, increase the diversion of organic and food waste, and increase participation in recycling programs in order to minimize waste being sent to the landfill.
Therefore, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds would result in no impact related to solid waste.
Cumulative Impacts
The cumulative projects scenario is the population, employment, and households forecasts identified in the supporting documentation for the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028, based on demographic data contained in Plan Bay Area 2040 (refer to Table 5). As a guidance document, the CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds would not result in cumulative impacts. Other cumulative projects that occur to accommodate Sunnyvale’s anticipated population, employment, and housing growth could result in increases in population and additional use of or need for utilities and service systems. However, implementation of the CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds and Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and related infrastructure projects would not contribute to increases in population or induce additional population growth that would require additional use of existing utilities or service systems. Rather, implementation of the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 would result in reduced energy and water consumption and solid waste and wastewater generation. Therefore, implementation of the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds would result in an overall less-than- significant cumulative impact related to utilities and service systems.
107 Sunnyvale, City of. 2016. Land Use and Transportation Element Draft Environmental Impact Report. https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/608/637819113538930000 (accessed February 2024). 108 CalRecycle. 2024. Kirby Canyon Recycle and Disposal Facility. https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/SolidWaste/SiteActivity/Details/1370?siteID=3393 (accessed February 2024).
Attachment 7
City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds
98 20 Wildfire
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact No Impact
If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project:
a. Substantially impair an adopted
emergency response plan or emergency
evacuation plan? □ □ □ ■
b. Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other
factors, exacerbate wildfire risks and
thereby expose project occupants to
pollutant concentrations from a wildfire
or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire? □ □ □ ■
c. Require the installation or maintenance
of associated infrastructure (such as
roads, fuel breaks, emergency water
sources, power lines or other utilities)
that may exacerbate fire risk or that may
result in temporary or ongoing impacts
to the environment? □ □ □ ■
d. Expose people or structures to significant
risks, including downslopes or
downstream flooding or landslides, as a
result of runoff, post-fire slope instability,
or drainage changes? □ □ □ ■
a. If located in or near State responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?
b. If located in or near State responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks and thereby expose project occupants to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire?
c. If located in or near State responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment? Attachment 7
Environmental Checklist
Utilities and Service Systems
Final Initial Study–Negative Declaration 99
d. If located in or near State responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslopes or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes?
According to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CalFIRE), the City is not located in a Local Responsibility Area or State Responsibility Area Fire Hazard Severity Zones.109 The nearest Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFHSZ) is located within southern Cupertino, approximately 2.4 miles south of the Sunnyvale City limits at its closest point. According to the Santa Clara Operational Area Hazard Mitigation Plan-Sunnyvale Annex, Sunnyvale is urbanized and categorized as having no risk of wildland fire.110
The Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds are policy- level documents that do not propose new residential, commercial, or institutional development that could be at risk from wildfire, nor do they grant entitlements for development that would have the potential to directly cause wildfire. Rather, these documents would aim to reduce Sunnyvale’s contributions to and vulnerability to the effects of climate change, such as drought and flooding.
Thus, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds would result in no impact related to wildfire exposure, exacerbation, or related emergency evacuation.
Cumulative Impacts
The cumulative projects scenario is the population, employment, and households forecasts identified in the supporting documentation for the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028, based on demographic data contained in Plan Bay Area 2040 (refer to Table 5). The City is not at risk of wildfire. Furthermore, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds do not propose habitable development that could be at risk from wildfire, nor do they grant entitlements for development that would have the potential to directly cause wildfire. Thus, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and the CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds would result in no cumulative impact related to wildfire.
109 California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CalFIRE). 2023. Fire Hazard Severity Zone Viewer. https://egis.fire.ca.gov/FHSZ/ (accessed October 2023). 110 County of Santa Clara. 2017. Santa Clara Operational Area Hazard Mitigation Plan; Volume 2—Partner Annexes. https://sunnyvaleca.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=3216998&GUID=7E0A85F2-3134-4300-B6FC-DF5ACC14A82C&FullText=1 (accessed February 2024).
Attachment 7
City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds
100
21 Mandatory Findings of Significance
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
Does the project:
a. Have the potential to substantially degrade
the quality of the environment,
substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or
wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife
population to drop below self-sustaining
levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or
animal community, substantially reduce
the number or restrict the range of a rare
or endangered plant or animal or eliminate
important examples of the major periods
of California history or prehistory? □ □ ■ □
b. Have impacts that are individually limited,
but cumulatively considerable?
(“Cumulatively considerable” means that
the incremental effects of a project are
considerable when viewed in connection
with the effects of past projects, the effects
of other current projects, and the effects of
probable future projects)? □ □ ■ □
c. Have environmental effects which will
cause substantial adverse effects on
human beings, either directly or indirectly? □ □ ■ □
a. Does the project have the potential to substantially degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, substantially reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory? The intent of the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds is to reduce GHG emissions from Sunnyvale community operations through implementation of Plays and Moves related to energy use, water consumption, transportation, solid waste, and carbon sequestration. The Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds are consistent with the Sunnyvale General Plan and encourage residents, businesses, and institutions to reduce energy and water use, fuel use, VMT, and solid waste generation and the associated GHG emissions. The Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 would not facilitate development that would eliminate or threaten wildlife habitats or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory. Therefore, as discussed in more detail in Attachment 7
Environmental Checklist
Mandatory Findings of Significance
Final Initial Study–Negative Declaration 101
Section 4, Biological Resources, Section 5, Cultural Resources, and Section 18, Tribal Cultural Resources, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds would result in an overall less-than-significant impact related to biological and cultural resources. b. Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? (“Cumulatively considerable” means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects)? Implementation of the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds would result in a cumulatively beneficial reduction of GHG and air pollutant emissions across Sunnyvale. In addition, as discussed throughout the respective cumulative impacts discussions within this document, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds would not result in significant cumulative impacts. Rather, implementation of the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 would be consistent with the Sunnyvale General Plan policies aimed at reducing emissions of GHGs and air pollutants, VMT, energy and water supply demands on utilities, and solid waste generation. Therefore, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds would result in an overall less-than-significant cumulative impact related to the various CEQA topics addressed within this document. c. Does the project have environmental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly?
In general, impacts to human beings are associated with air quality, GHG emissions, hazards and hazardous materials, noise, transportation, and wildfire impacts. As detailed in the preceding sections, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds would not result, either directly or indirectly, in substantial adverse effects related to air quality, GHG emissions, hazards, noise, transportation, or wildfire. As discussed in more detail in Section 3, Air Quality, Section 13, Noise, and Section 17, Transportation, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 could cause temporary construction impacts related to transportation, air quality, and noise that could, in turn, affect human beings but would not result in substantial adverse effects. In addition, as discussed throughout this document, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 would serve as a pathway to reduce operational GHG emissions and would result in other positive environmental and sustainability effects. These benefits include reduction in building energy and water consumption, VMT, and solid waste generation, as well as improved air quality and resiliency to the effects of climate change and natural disasters. Therefore, the Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds would result in an overall less-than-significant impact related to potential for adverse effects on human beings.
Attachment 7
City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds
102
References
List of Citations
Association of Bay Area Governments and Metropolitan Transportation Commission (ABAG-MTC). 2021. Plan Bay Area 2050. https://www.planbayarea.org/finalplan2050 (accessed November 2023).
Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). 2017. Air Quality Standards and Attainment Status. http://www.baaqmd.gov/research-and-data/air-quality-standards-and-attainment- status (accessed December 2023).
______. 2017. Final Clean Air Plan: Spare the Air Cool the Climate: A Blueprint for Clean Air and Climate Protection in the Bay Area. Final 2017 Clean Air Plan. https://www.baaqmd.gov/plans-and-climate/air-quality-plans/current-plans (accessed December 2023).
______. 2022. CEQA Thresholds for Evaluating the Significance of Climate Impacts from Land Use Projects and Plans. https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and- research/ceqa/ceqa-guidelines-2022/appendix-b-thresholds-for-evaluating-significance-of- climate-impacts_final-pdf.pdf?la=en (accessed November 2023).
California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2005. Air Quality and Land Use Handbook: A Community Health Perspective. https://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/california- air-resources-board-air-quality-and-land-use-handbook-a-community-health- perspective.pdf (accessed December 2023).
______. 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan.
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic//cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf (accessed November 2023).
______. 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/2022-sp.pdf (accessed November 2023). ______. 2022. 2022 State Strategy for the State Implementation Plan. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-08/2022_State_SIP_Strategy.pdf (accessed November 2023).
______. 2023. SB 375 Regional Plan Climate Targets. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our- work/programs/sustainable-communities-program/regional-plan-targets (accessed November 2023).
CARB and California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA). 2009. Environmental Health and Equity Impacts from Climate Change and Mitigation Policies in California: A Review of the Literature. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Seth-
Shonkoff/publication/237420289_ENVIRONMENTAL_HEALTH_AND_EQUITY_IMPACTS_FRO M_CLIMATE_CHANGE_AND_MITIGATION_POLICIES_IN_CALIFORNIA_A_REVIEW_OF_THE_LI TERATURE/links/0deec533acf69321ea000000/ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH-AND-EQUITY-
IMPACTS-FROM-CLIMATE-CHANGE-AND-MITIGATION-POLICIES-IN-CALIFORNIA-A-REVIEW- OF-THE-LITERATURE.pdf (accessed February 2024).
Attachment 7
References
Final Initial Study–Negative Declaration 103
California Department of Conservation. 2023. California Important Farmland Finder Map. https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/dlrp/ciff/ (accessed December 2023).
California Department of Finance (DOF). 2023. E-5 Population and Housing Estimates. https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/estimates/e-5-population-and-housing- estimates-for-cities-counties-and-the-state-2020-2023/ (accessed November 2023).
California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CalFIRE). 2023. Fire Hazard Severity Zone Viewer. https://egis.fire.ca.gov/FHSZ/ (accessed October 2023).
California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2018. California State Scenic Highway System Map.
https://caltrans.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=465dfd3d807c46cc8e 8057116f1aacaa (accessed December 2023).
______. 2020. Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual (CT-HWANP-RT-13- 069.25.3). https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/environmental- analysis/documents/env/tcvgm-apr2020-a11y.pdf (accessed February 2024).
California Energy Commission (CEC). 2023. Electricity Consumption by County. http://www.ecdms.energy.ca.gov/elecbycounty.aspx (accessed October 2023). ______. 2023. Gas Consumption by County. http://www.ecdms.energy.ca.gov/gasbycounty.aspx (accessed October 2023).
California Geological Survey. 2023. Earthquake Zones of Required Investigation. https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/EQZApp/app/ (accessed October 2023).
CalRecycle. 2024. Kirby Canyon Recycle and Disposal Facility. https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/SolidWaste/SiteActivity/Details/1370?siteID=3393 (accessed February 2024).
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 2006. FHWA Highway Construction Noise Handbook. (FHWAHEP-06-015; DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-06-02).
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/Environment/noise/construction_noise/handbook/handbook00. cfm (accessed February 2024).
Federal Transit Administration. 2018. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual. https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/research- innovation/118131/transit-noise-and-vibration-impact-assessment-manual-fta-report-no- 0123_0.pdf (accessed February 2024).
Rincon Consultants, Inc. 2023. Sunnyvale 2019 Community Inventory Memorandum. February 6, 2023.
______. 2023. Sunnyvale Playbook Update GHG Forecast Report. February 2023.
Santa Clara County. 2017. Santa Clara Operational Area Hazard Mitigation Plan; Volume 2—Partner Annexes.
https://sunnyvaleca.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=3216998&GUID=7E0A85F2 - 3134-4300-B6FC-DF5ACC14A82C&FullText=1 (accessed February 2024). ______. 2022. Williamson Act Properties.
https://sccplanning.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=1f39e32b4c0644b 0915354c3e59778ce (accessed December 2023).
Attachment 7
City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds
104
______. 2023. Climate Roadmap 2030. https://sustainability.sccgov.org/climate-roadmap-2030 (accessed November 2023).
State of California. 2019. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment Statewide Summary Report. http://www.climateassessment.ca.gov/state/ (accessed February 2024).
Sunnyvale, City of. 2011. Community Character Element.
https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/598/637819113519200000 (accessed January 2024).
______. 2011. General Plan Safety and Noise Element.
https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/602/638370338402370000 (accessed February 2024).
______. 2016. Land Use and Transportation Element Draft Environmental Impact Report. https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/608/637819113538930000 (accessed November 2023).
______. 2018. Heritage Resources Inventory.
https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/1556/63782085091527000 0 (accessed January 25, 2024).
______. 2020. Sunnyvale Active Transportation Plan.
https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/2844/63782267042657000 0 (accessed October 2023).
______. 2021. Nonresidential and Multifamily Residential Reach Codes. https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/1496/63782084752027000 0 (accessed November 2023).
______. 2021. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan.
https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/380/637889141541470000 (accessed March 2024).______. 2022. Land Use and Transportation Element. https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/596/638130909277830000 (accessed December 2023).
______. 2023. Single-Family, Duplex, and Townhome Reach Codes. https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/1780/63811447601866293 6 (accessed November 2023).
______. 2023. Draft Sunnyvale Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028. https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/5082/638430745425470000 (accessed February 2024).
______. 2023. Design Guidelines, Standards, and Specific Plans. https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/business-and-development/planning-and-building/permit- center/design-guidelines-standards-and-specific-plans (accessed December 2023). ______. 2023. Sunnyvale Municipal Code Section 19.42.050. https://ecode360.com/42730956 (accessed December 2023).
______. 2023. Sunnyvale Municipal Code Chapter 19.80.
https://ecode360.com/42732806#42732806 (accessed December 2023). ______. 2023. Sunnyvale Municipal Code Chapter 19.96, Heritage Preservation. https://ecode360.com/42733144#42733144 (accessed December 2023).
Attachment 7
References
Final Initial Study–Negative Declaration 105
______. 2024. Sunnyvale Municipal Code Chapter 12.60, Stormwater Management. https://ecode360.com/42718251#42718251 (accessed January 2024). ______. 2024. Sunnyvale Municipal Code Chapter 13.08, Right-of-Way Encroachments. https://ecode360.com/42719687?highlight=encroachments&searchId=1649154395713111 3#42719687 (accessed February 2024).
______. 2024. Sunnyvale Municipal Code Section 16.08.030, Hours of construction—Time and noise limitations.
https://ecode360.com/42720748?highlight=&searchId=16742406866224120#42720748 (accessed February 2024).
______. 2024. Sunnyvale Municipal Code Chapter 16.16, Building Code. https://ecode360.com/42720766?highlight=&searchId=16482460774455457#42720766 (accessed February 2024).
______. 2024. Sunnyvale Municipal Code Section 18.12.100, Grading. https://ecode360.com/42728788?highlight=&searchId=16481596759239067#42728788 (accessed February 2024).
______. 2024. Sunnyvale Municipal Code Section 18.20.100, Final or parcel map—Action before filing.
https://ecode360.com/42728788?highlight=&searchId=16481596759239067#42728788 (accessed February 2024).
______. 2024. Sunnyvale Municipal Code Section 19.42.030, Noise or sound level. https://ecode360.com/42730950?highlight=&searchId=16742807840881719#42730950 (accessed February 2024).
______. 2024. Sunnyvale Municipal Code Section 19.42.060, Ground vibration regulated. https://ecode360.com/42730957?highlight=&searchId=16744449726465578#42730957 (accessed February 2024).
______. 2024. Sunnyvale Municipal Code Chapter 19.94, Tree Preservation. https://ecode360.com/42733058#:~:text=It%20is%20unlawful%20to%20damage,a%20prot ected%20tree%20removal%20permit.&text=%C2%A7%2019.94.,- 050%20Permits%20required (accessed January 2024).
______. 2024. Draft CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds.
______. N.d. Bird-Safe Building Design Guidelines.
https://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/1542/63827343833313000 0 (accessed May 2024).
U.S. Energy Information Administration (USEIA). 2023. “California - Profile Overview.” https://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=CA.(accessed October 2023).
Valley Transportation Authority (VTA). 2014. Valley Transportation Plan 2040. http://vtaorgcontent.s3-us-west-
1.amazonaws.com/Site_Content/VTP2040_final_hi%20res_030315.pdf (accessed November 2023).
______. 2023. Valley Transportation Plan (VTP) 2050 webpage. https://www.vta.org/projects/valley-transportation-plan-vtp-2050 (accessed November 2023).
Attachment 7
City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds
106
Weather Spark. 2023. Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Sunnyvale. https://weatherspark.com/y/571/Average-Weather-in-Sunnyvale-California-United-States- Year-Round#:~:text=Over%20the%20course%20of%20the,or%20above%2087%C2%B0F (accessed November 2023).
Attachment 7
References
Final Initial Study–Negative Declaration 107
List of Document Preparers
Rincon prepared this Sunnyvale Playbook Update-Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds Initial Study-Negative Declaration under contract to the City of Sunnyvale. Persons involved in data gathering, environmental impact analysis, quality review, graphics preparation, and document formatting include the following.
RINCON CONSULTANTS, INC.
Kelsey Bennett, Principal-in-Charge
Emily Marino, Project Manager
Nichole Yee, Environmental Planner
Dario Campos, Document Formatting Specialist
Chris Jackson Jordan, Graphics Specialist
Attachment 7
Appendix A
Sources, Health Effects, and Typical Controls Associated with Criteria Pollutants
Attachment 7
Sources, Health Effects, and Typical Controls Associated with Criteria Pollutants
Draft Initial Study–Negative Declaration A-1
Sources, Health Effects, and Typical Controls Associated with Criteria Pollutants Pollutant Sources Health Effects Typical Controls
Ozone (O3) Formed when reactive organic
gases (ROG) and nitrogen
oxides react in the presence of
sunlight. ROG sources include
any source that burns fuels
(e.g., gasoline, natural gas,
wood, oil); solvents;
petroleum processing and
storage.
Breathing difficulties, lung
tissue damage, vegetation
damage, damage to rubber
and some plastics.
Reduce motor vehicle reactive
organic gas (ROG) and
nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions
through emission standards,
reformulated fuels,
inspections programs, and
reduced vehicle use. Limit
ROG emissions from
commercial operations,
gasoline refueling facilities,
and consumer products. Limit
ROG and NOX emissions from
industrial sources such as
power plants and
manufacturing facilities.
Carbon monoxide
(CO)
Any source that burns fuel
such as automobiles, trucks,
heavy construction and
farming equipment, residential
heating.
Chest pain in heart patients,
headaches, reduced mental
alertness.
Control motor vehicle and
industrial emissions. Use
oxygenated gasoline during
winter months. Conserve
energy
Nitrogen dioxide
(NO2)
See Carbon Monoxide. Lung irritation and damage.
Reacts in the atmosphere to
form ozone and acid rain.
Control motor vehicle and
industrial combustion
emissions. Conserve energy.
Sulfur dioxide
(SO2)
Coal or oil burning power
plants and industries,
refineries, diesel engines.
Increases lung disease and
breathing problems for
asthmatics. Reacts in the
atmosphere to form acid rain.
Reduce use of high sulfur fuels
(e.g., use low sulfur
reformulated diesel or natural
gas). Conserve energy.
Respirable
particulate matter
(PM10)
Road dust, windblown dust,
agriculture and construction,
fireplaces. Also formed from
other pollutants (NOX, SOX,
organics).
Increased respiratory disease,
lung damage, cancer,
premature death, reduced
visibility, surface soiling.
Control dust sources,
industrial particulate
emissions, woodburning
stoves and fireplaces. Reduce
secondary pollutants which
react to form PM10. Conserve
energy.
Fine particulate
matter (PM2.5)
Fuel combustion in motor
vehicles, equipment, and
industrial sources; residential
and agricultural burning. Also
formed from reaction of other
pollutants (NOX, SOX, organics,
and NH3).
Increases respiratory disease,
lung damage, cancer, and
premature death, reduced
visibility, surface soiling.
Particles can aggravate heart
diseases such as congestive
heart failure and coronary
artery disease.
Reduce combustion emissions
from motor vehicles,
equipment, industries, and
agricultural and residential
burning. Precursor controls,
like those for ozone, reduce
fine particle formation in the
atmosphere.
Lead Metal smelters, resource
recovery, leaded gasoline,
deterioration of lead paint.
Learning disabilities, brain and
kidney damage. Control metal
smelters.
No lead in gasoline or paint.
Sulfur Dioxide
(SO2)
Coal or oil burning power
plants and industries,
refineries, diesel engines.
Increases lung disease and
breathing problems for
asthmatics. Reacts in the
atmosphere to form acid rain.
Reduce use of high sulfur fuels
(e.g., use low sulfur
reformulated diesel or natural
gas). Conserve energy.
Sulfates Produced by reaction in the air
of SO2, (see SO2 sources), a
component of acid rain.
Breathing difficulties,
aggravates asthma, reduced
visibility.
See SO2
Attachment 7
City of Sunnyvale
Climate Action Playbook Update/Game Plan 2028 and CEQA GHG Emissions Thresholds
A-2
Pollutant Sources Health Effects Typical Controls
Hydrogen Sulfide Geothermal power plants,
petroleum production and
refining, sewer gas.
Nuisance odor (rotten egg
smell), headache and
breathing difficulties (higher
concentrations).
Control emissions from
geothermal power plants,
petroleum production and
refining, sewers, and sewage
treatment plants.
Visibility Reducing
Particulates
See PM2.5 Reduced visibility (e.g.,
obscures mountains and other
scenery), reduced airport
safety.
See PM2.5
Vinyl Chloride Exhaust gases from factories
that manufacture or process
vinyl chloride (construction,
packaging, and transportation
industries).
Central nervous system effects
(e.g., dizziness, drowsiness,
headaches), kidney irritation,
liver damage, liver cancer.
Control emissions from plants
that manufacture or process
vinyl chloride, installation of
monitoring systems.
Toxic Air
Contaminant
(TAC)
Combustion engines
(stationary and mobile), diesel
combustion, storage and use
of TAC-containing substances
(i.e., gasoline, lead smelting,
etc.)
Depends on TAC, but may
include cancer, mutagenic
and/or teratogenic effects,
other acute or chronic health
effects.
Toxic Best Available Control
Technologies (T-BACT), limit
emissions from known
sources.
Source: Compiled by Rincon Consultants, Inc. in January 2024 Attachment 7
Appendix B
Description of Greenhouse Gases of California Concern
Attachment 7
Attachment 7
Description of Greenhouse Gases of California Concern
Draft Initial Study–Negative Declaration B-1
Description of Greenhouse Gases of California Concern
Greenhouse Gas
Physical Description and
Properties
Global Warming
Potential
(100 years)
Atmospheric
Residence
Lifetime
(years) Sources
Carbon dioxide
(CO2)
Odorless, colorless, natural gas. 1 50–200 Burning coal, oil, natural gas, and wood; decomposition of
dead organic matter;
respiration of bacteria, plants,
animals, and fungus; oceanic
evaporation; volcanic
outgassing; cement
production; land use changes
Methane
(CH4)
Flammable gas and is the main
component of natural gas.
28 12 Geological deposits (natural
gas fields) extraction; landfills;
fermentation of manure; and
decay of organic matter
Nitrous oxide
(N2O)
Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) is a
colorless GHG.
298 114 Microbial processes in soil and
water; fuel combustion;
industrial processes
Chloro-fluoro-
carbons
(CFCs)
Nontoxic, nonflammable,
insoluble, and chemically
unreactive in the troposphere
(level of air at the Earth’s
surface); formed synthetically by
replacing all hydrogen atoms in
methane or ethane with
chlorine and/or fluorine atoms.
3,800–8,100 45–640 Refrigerants aerosol
propellants; cleaning solvents.
Hydro-fluoro-
carbons
(HFCs)
Synthetic human‐made
chemicals used as a substitute
for CFCs and contain carbon,
chlorine, and at least one
hydrogen atom.
140 to 11,700 1–50,000 Automobile air conditioners;
refrigerants
Per-fluoro-
carbons (PFCs)
Stable molecular structures and
only break down by ultraviolet
rays about 60 kilometers above
Earth’s surface.
6,500 to 9,200 10,000–50,000 Primary aluminum production; semiconductor manufacturing
Sulfur
hexafluoride
(SF6)
Human‐made, inorganic,
odorless, colorless, and
nontoxic, nonflammable gas.
22,800 3,200 Electrical power transmission
equipment insulation;
magnesium industry,
semiconductor manufacturing;
a tracer gas
Nitrogen
trifluoride
(NF3)
Inorganic, is used as a
replacement for PFCs, and is a
powerful oxidizing agent.
17,200 740 Electronics manufacture for
semiconductors and liquid
crystal disPlays.
Source: Compiled by Rincon Consultants, Inc. in January 2024
Attachment 7