Sunnyvale City Council
January 14, 2025

S
anta Clara County
Mu
ltijurisdictional Hazard
Mitigation Plan 2023 Update
City of Sunnyvale Annex
February 21, 2024
Attachment 3

This page intentionally left blank.

Attachment 3

1. City of Sunnyvale

1.1. Hazard Mitigation Plan Points of Contact
The point of contact during the Santa Clara County Multijurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) planning process for the City of Sunnyvale was the Office of Emergency Services Coordinator in the Public Safety Department. This annex within the MJHMP was developed using information provided by the City of Sunnyvale’s Local Planning Team.

Table 1: City of Sunnyvale Local Planning Team Members for the 2023 Santa Clara County MJHMP
Name Position Organization Role on Team and in Planning Process
Trudi Ryan Director,
Community
Development
City of Sunnyvale General oversight, hazard
identification, and plan development
Ramana
Chinnakotla
Director,
Environmental
Services
City of Sunnyvale Hazard identification and plan
development
Sean Smith Street Operations
Manager
City of Sunnyvale Hazard identification and plan
development
Mary
Jeyaprakash
Senior Planner City of Sunnyvale Hazard identification and plan development
Suzanne Park Chief Building
Official
City of Sunnyvale Hazard identification and plan
development

The City’s Local Planning Team Members participated in the MJHMP by attending meetings on the Plan Kick-Off, Risk Assessment, Capabilities Assessment, Mitigation Strategy, Wrap-up, and three one-on-one meetings with the planning consultant. In addition, the city filled out the requested forms on each section or provided the requested information verbally to the planning consultant, which were used to draft this annex. The city also shared information regarding public opportunities to participate in the draf t plan update utilizing the digital survey and seven in-person and virtual public outreach meetings. Further, the City team was provided the opportunity to review the draft plan prior to submittal to Cal OES and FEMA.

Attachment 3

Tab
le 2: External Stakeholders Invited to Be Involved in Planning Process Agency or Organization Stakeholder Type Description
American Red Cross Representatives of nonprofit
organizations, including
community-based organizations,
that work directly with and/or
provide support to underserved
communities and socially
vulnerable populations, among
others.

A nonprofit humanitarian
organization that provides
emergency assistance, disaster
relief, and disaster
preparedness education in the
United States.

Amateur Radio Emergency
Service (ARES)
Representatives of businesses,
academia, and other private
organizations.

A corps of trained amateur radio
operator volunteers organized to
assist in public service and
emergency communications.

California Office of Emergency
Services (Cal OES)
Local and regional agencies
involved in hazard mitigation
activities.

Office responsible for
overseeing and coordinating
emergency preparedness,
response, recovery, and
homeland security activities
within the state.

California Department of
Forestry and Fire Protection
Local and regional agencies
involved in hazard mitigation
activities.

The fire department of the
California Natural Resources
Agency.

California Department of
Transportation
Agencies that have the authority
to regulate development.

An executive department of the
U.S. state of California.

Cattlemen’s Association Representatives of businesses,
academia, and other private
organizations.

A nonprofit trade association
that represents California's
ranchers and beef producers in
political affairs.

City of East Palo Alto Neighboring communities. A city in San Mateo County, California, United States.

City of Menlo Park Neighboring communities. Menlo Park is a city at the eastern edge of San Mateo
County.

Cooper-Garrod Estate
Vineyards
Representatives of businesses,
academia, and other private
organizations.

Garrod Farms is a family-owned
and operated estate winery and
stables.

Department of Homeland
Security
Agencies that have the authority
to regulate development.

The U.S. federal executive
department responsible for
public security, roughly
comparable to the interior or
home ministries of other
countries.

Department of Toxic
Substances
Agencies that have the authority
to regulate development.

An agency of the government of
the state of California that
protects public health and the
environment from hazardous
waste.

Attachment 3

Agency or Organization Stakeholder Type Description
Downtown Streets Team Representatives of nonprofit
organizations, including
community-based organizations,
that work directly with and/or
provide support to underserved
communities and socially
vulnerable populations.

Teams that restore dignity,
inspire hope, and provide a
pathway to recover from
homelessness.

Emergency Medical Services Agencies that have the authority to regulate development.

Provides statewide coordination
and leadership for the planning,
development, and
implementation of
local
EMS systems.

Emergency Services Volunteer
Representative
Local and regional agencies
involved in hazard mitigation
activities.

Organization that ensures public
safety, s ecurity , and health by
addressing and resolving
different emergencies.

Federal Aviation Administration Agencies that have the authority to regulate development.

Offers civil aviation safety
enforcement services.

Google Representatives of businesses,
academia, and other private
organizations.

American multinational
technology company focusing
on artificial intelligence, online
advertising, search engine
technology, cloud computing,
computer software, quantum
computing, e-commerce, and
consumer electronics.

Hidden Villa Farm Representatives of nonprofit
organizations, including
community-based organizations,
that work directly with and/or
provide support to underserved
communities and socially
vulnerable populations, among
others.

Nonprofit educational
organization teaching programs
on environmental and
multicultural awareness.

Intel Corporation Representatives of businesses,
academia, and other private
organizations.

An American multinational
corporation and technology
company headquartered in
Santa Clara, California.

Kaiser Permanente—Santa
Clara
Representatives of businesses,
academia, and other private
organizations.

An American integrated
managed care consortium.

Life Moves Representatives of nonprofit
organizations, including
community-based organizations,
that work directly with and/or
provide support to underserved
communities and socially
vulnerable populations, among
others.

Provides interim housing and
supportive services for
homeless families and
individuals to rapidly return to
stable housing.

Attachment 3

Agency or Organization Stakeholder Type Description
Moffett Field Ames Research
Center, National Aeronautics
and Space Administration
(NASA)
Representatives of businesses,
academia, and other private
organizations.

Major NASA research center
at Moffett Federal Airfield in
California's Silicon Valley.

National Weather Service,
National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Local and regional agencies
involved in hazard mitigation
activities.

Scientific and regulatory agency
within the U.S. Department of
Commerce.

Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) Representatives of businesses, academia, and other private
organizations, and neighboring
communities.

One of the largest combination
natural gas and electric utilities
in the United States.

Regional Water Quality Control
Board
Agencies that have the authority
to regulate development.

Provides government regulatory
services related to water
pollution and control.

Rotating Safe Car Park Representatives of nonprofit
organizations, including
community-based organizations,
that work directly with and/or
provide support to underserved
communities and socially
vulnerable populations.

Allows for temporary overnight
parking for homeless individuals
or families living out of their
cars as a safe alternative to
sleeping on the streets or in a
homeless shelter.

Santa Clara County CERT Representatives of nonprofit
organizations, including
community-based organizations,
that work directly with and/or
provide support to underserved
communities and socially
vulnerable populations.

Trains residents to prepare for
and respond to life-threatening
events in their community.

Santa Clara County FireSafe
Council
Representatives of nonprofit
organizations, including
community-based organizations,
that work directly with and/or
provide support to underserved
communities and socially
vulnerable populations.

A nonprofit, grassroots
organization that provides
education and project
assistance for homeowners.

Santa Clara County Local
Oversight Program
Local and regional agencies
involved in hazard mitigation
activities.

Program to oversee assessment
and mitigation of contaminated
sites to protect groundwater
resources, human health,
safety, and the environment.

Santa Clara County Parks Agencies that have the authority to regulate development, and
neighboring communities.

Provide, protect, and preserve
regional parklands for the
enjoyment and education.

Santa Clara County Planning &
Development
Agencies that have the authority
to regulate development, and
neighboring communities.

Plays a key role in supporting
economic development and
ensuring opportunities for the
public to participate in
land development.

Attachment 3

Agency or Organization Stakeholder Type Description
Santa Clara County Sheriff’s
Office
Agencies that have the authority
to regulate development, and
neighboring communities.

A local law enforcement agency
that serves Santa Clara County,
California.

Santa Clara University Representatives of businesses,
academia, and other private
organizations.

A private Jesuit university in
Santa Clara, California.

Santa Clara Valley Open Space
Authority
Neighboring communities An independent special district in Santa Clara County.

St. Louise Hospital (Santa Clara
County Hospital System)
Representatives of nonprofit
organizations, including
community-based organizations,
that work directly with and/or
provide support to underserved
communities and socially
vulnerable populations.

Community hospital.

Stanford Healthcare Representatives of businesses,
academia, and other private
organizations, and neighboring
communities.

Multispecialty clinic that
provides convenient access to
advanced, specialty care in the
South Bay.

Vista Center for the Blind and
Visually Impaired
Representatives of businesses,
academia, and other private
organizations.

Empowers individuals who
are blind or visually impaired to
embrace life to the fullest
through evaluation, counseling,
education, and training.

County of Santa Clara Neighboring jurisdiction, local
agency involved in hazard
mitigation.

Response for engaging the
whole community in assessing
needs and developing strategies
to achieve stronger mitigation
capabilities within the Santa
Clara County Operational Area.

City of Campbell Neighboring communities. A city in Santa Clara County.

City of Cupertino Neighboring communities. Located in Silicon Valley.

City of Gilroy Neighboring communities. A city in Santa Clara County.

City of Los Altos Neighboring communities. A city in Santa Clara County.

Town of Los Altos Hills Neighboring communities. A city in Santa Clara County.

Town of Los Gatos Neighboring communities. A city in Santa Clara County.

City of Milpitas Neighboring communities. A city in Santa Clara County.

City of Morgan Hill Neighboring communities. A city in Santa Clara County.

City of Mountain View Neighboring communities. A city in Santa Clara County.

City of Palo Alto Neighboring communities. Located in Silicon Valley.

City of San José Neighboring communities. Located in Silicon Valley.

City of Santa Clara Neighboring communities. A city near San Jose, in California’s Silicon Valley.

City of Saratoga Neighboring communities. Located in Silicon Valley.

Attachment 3

Agency or Organization Stakeholder Type Description
Santa Clara County Fire
Department
Local and regional agencies
involved in hazard mitigation
activities, and neighboring
communities.

A California Fire Protection
District serving Santa Clara
County.

Santa Clara Valley Water
District
Representatives of businesses,
academia, and other private
organizations, and neighboring
communities.

Provides stream stewardship,
wholesale water supply, and
flood protection for Santa Clara
County, California.

The City of Sunnyvale met with and solicited input on the draft plan from a broad range of stakeholders including local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities (including the Chief Building Official and Environmental Services Director), agencies that have the authority to regulate development (including the town’s Community Development Director, Senior Planner, and NOAA), neighboring communities (such as the City of Santa Clara and City of Mountain View), representatives of business, academia, and other private organizations (like the utility company PG&E and major employer Intel), as well as representatives of nonprofit organizations, including community-based organizations, that work directly with and/or provide support to underserved communities and socially vulnerable populations (including the American Red Cross and Downtown Street Teams which helps the unhoused in Sunnyvale).

I
n addition to inviting a wide range of stakeholders, the City supported public outreach and engagement through distributing a digital survey utilizing social media. This survey reached members of underserved populations, including primarily non-English speaking households.

Attachment 3

F
igure 1: Sunnyvale Social Media Outreach for Community Meeting

Attachment 3

F
igure 2: Sunnyvale Social Media Outreach for Public Survey

In addition, the MJHMP was discussed at two virtual and five in-person public meetings across Santa Clara County. These in-person meetings were targeted towards areas with socially vulnerably populations. In this case, the plan focused on those who are socially vulnerable as they belong to an access and functional needs (AFN) population. This plan update utilized the legal definition of AFN for this approach. The California Government Code Section 8593.3 defines Access and Functional Needs as “Individuals who have: Developmental, intellectual, or physical disabilities; Chronic conditions or injuries; Limited English proficiency or non-English speaking; Or individuals who are: older adults, children, or pregnant; living in institutional settings; or Low-income, homeless, and/or transportation disadvantaged.” In Saratoga, according to the U.S. Census an estimated 46.1% of the population speaks a language other than English, a key factor to consider while developing any kind of emergency management and mitigation approach to public outreach. The C-MIST framework is used to integrate AFN populations in the operational area into emergency management through communications, maintain health, independence, support, safetyand self-determination, and transportation. These meetings were also designed to be accessible for AFN (access and functional needs) populations. The public was also provided the opportunity to comment on the draft plan.

Comments from the public survey were reviewed, evaluated for alignment with planning priorities, and incorporated as appropriate. The top hazards of concern included wildfire (including wildfire smoke), flooding, and extreme heat. Specifically,, the public highlighted the risk of flooding in Sunnyvale all the way to El Camino. Overall, the public emphasized the need for public education and outreach and partnership building, including with utility and water districts. These suggestions are incorporated into the mitigation actions Sunnyvale has selected.

The participation of the City of Sunnyvale and its stakeholders helped inform the development of the MJHMP and this annex in accordance with current priorities. The new plan continues to expand upon the work of the prior plan including emphasizing partnerships both within jurisdictions and special districts as well as with external stakeholders. Further, there is an increased emphasis on climate change, reflecting the increased understanding of the risk this hazard poses to the OA. The City did not identify additional changes in priorities to be highlighted in their annex.

1.2. Jurisdiction Profile
The following is a summary of key information about the jurisdiction and its history:
 Date of Incorporation: 1912
 Current Population: 153,091 as of July 1, 2022
 Population Growth: Based on data tracked by the California Department of Finance and the U.S. Census Bureau, Sunnyvale has experienced a population increase since the last plan update. The overall population has increased from an estimated 55,811 people in January 2017 to 153,091 on July 1, 2022.
 Location and Description: The City of Sunnyvale is located in Santa Clara County, California. It encompasses 24 square miles. Santa Clara County makes up the southern portion of the San Francisco Bay Area. Sunnyvale is bordered by the San Francisco Bay and portions of San José to the north, Moffett Federal Airfield to the northwest, Mountain View to the west, Los Altos to the southwest, Cupertino to the south, and Santa Clara to the east. U.S. Highway 101 and the historic El Camino Real traverse the City.
 Brief History: Sunnyvale’s history has always revolved around its economy. Initially, the area’s vast open space and fertile soil were ideal for the fruit orchards that supported the settlement’s first residents. With the arrival of the railroad in 1864, the economic base of the community was able to expand, as canneries to process the fruit from the surrounding orchards were built near Attachment 3

t
he rail lines. In 1906, the Hendy Iron Works relocated from San Francisco to Sunnyvale, continuing the area’s industrial development. By 1940, the population had grown to about 4,400, and the Hendy Iron Works was taken over by Westinghouse to support the war effort. After the war, the defense-related industry arrived, capitalizing on the pleasant climate and Moffett Naval Air Station. Lockheed Missiles & Space Company moved to Sunnyvale in 1956, and soon became Sunnyvale’s largest employer. The 1950s and 1960s became the periods of greatest growth for the community, resulting in a population of 96,000 in 1970. The defense era gave way to the high-tech era when the microprocessor was introduced in 1971. During the years that followed, companies with foresight saw the potential of computers and the power of semiconductors. The city became the nexus of research, development, and manufacturing that created Silicon Valley, and that legacy continues today in the era of the Internet.  Climate: Sunnyvale’s weather is typical of the Northern California coast, which can be categorized as a Mediterranean climate. It has mild, moist winters and comfortably warm, very dry summers. The average precipitation in inches per year is approximately 15.71. The average temperature ranges from 71 to 53 degrees Fahrenheit (°F). Average daytime summer temperatures are in the high 70s, and during the winter, average daytime high temperatures rarely stay below 50 °F.
 Governing Body Format: The City of Sunnyvale is a charter City. The charter authorizes the creation of the City and outlines its powers, functions, and organization. The original Charter of the City of Sunnyvale was established by vote of the people of the City of Sunnyvale as t he organic law of the City under the authority of the Constitution of the State of California and became effective on May 18, 1949. The municipal government provided by the Charter is known as the “Council-Manager” form of government. The elective officers of the City consist of a City Council composed of seven members selected from geographic districts within the City. The Mayor and Vice Mayor are directly elected serving two-year and one-year terms, respectively.

The City of Sunnyvale consists of 11 departments: City Attorney, City Manager, Community Development, Environmental Services, Finance, Human Resources, Information Technology, Library and Recreational Services, NOVA Workforce Services, Public Safety, and Public Works.

The City of Sunnyvale has a strong tradition of community participation, one of which is through service on a board or commission. There are 11 boards and commissions that report to the City Council. The City Council assumes responsibility for the adoption of this plan, while the City Manager will oversee its implementation.

1.3. Development Trends
Development for the City of Sunnyvale can be categorized from moderate to high within the last few years, consisting of residential as well as commercial development. The City of Sunnyvale adopted its general plan in 2011 and is the City’s blueprint for long-term growth. The Land Use element of this plan, which was updated in 2022, describes a significant level of future growth. The city can be expected to change based on an increase in population, changing demographics, the need for newer infrastructure, and other forces like climate change. New areas where noticeable change may occur under new Land Use and Transportation goals and policies include designated parcels on El Camino Real, within the newly identified Village Centers, the Lawrence Station area, and the Peery Park industrial and office area.

The City of Sunnyvale is surrounded by other cities and the Bay of San Francisco. All new development will be infill and density. Building higher density projects, will bring more people who will be vulnerable to the current hazards. New development replacing current buildings will strengthen the cities resilience as older buildings are taken out of the building stock and new buildings are built to new codes.

The City of Sunnyvale has not
experienced a significant amount of development in previously undeveloped areas, but has had re-development.. New buildings are constructed under current structural standards. Population growth has been in decline in recent years, so new population exposure is expected to be minimal in the coming years. Climate change may increase heat, drought, and weather- related risks in the future. Recent and new development may be susceptible to impacts from hazards with Attachment 3

a possibly large geographic extent, such as heavy rain, high winds, extreme heat, and drought. It is not anticipated that there is an increased risk for wildfire and landslide, which have limited risk in Sunnyvale.

Rigorous implementation of current building codes is expected to limit increased vulnerability to flood and earthquake. Overall, vulnerability is likely to increase.

Table 3: R ecent and Expected Future Development Trends Criterion Response
Has your jurisdiction annexed any land
since the development of the previous
hazard mitigation plan?
 If yes, give the estimated area annexed
and estimated number of parcels or
structures.

No
Is your jurisdiction expected to annex any
areas during the performance period of
this plan?
 If yes, please describe land areas and
dominant uses.
 If yes, who currently has permitting
authority over these areas?
No
Are any areas targeted for development
or major redevelopment in the next five
years?
 If yes, please briefly describe,
including whether any of the areas are
in known hazard risk areas.

Yes, all development in the City is considered
r
edevelopment because the current city is essentially
built-upon, and new development requires
redevelopment of existing properties.

Hazard risk areas:
 Moffett Park is in the floodplain.
 Numerous industries in the city are hazardous
occupancies.

How many building permits were issued
in your jurisdiction since the
development of the previous hazard
mitigation plan?
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Total
Number
of
Permits
No
response
(NR)

NR NR NR NR NR
Please provide the number of permits for
each hazard area or provide a qualitative
description of where development has
occurred.

No response
Please describe the level of buildout in
the jurisdiction, based on your
jurisdiction’s buildable lands inventory. If
no such inventory exists, provide a
qualitative description.

No response

Attachment 3

1.4. Capability Assessment

1.4.1. Resources for the 2023 Planning Initiative
The following technical reports, plans, and regulatory mechanisms were reviewed to provide information for inclusion into the 2023 Multijurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan for both Volume 1 and Volume 2 (City of Sunnyvale Annex). All the below items were additionally reviewed as part of the full capability assessment for the City of Sunnyvale.
 Sunnyvale General Plan: The General Plan was reviewed to incorporate relevant information, such as development trends.
 Building and Zoning Codes: Current building codes were reviewed to assess capabilities and identify any potential gaps to incorporate in the mitigation strategy.  Sunnyvale Economic Development Plan: This plan was reviewed to identify any potential mitigation gaps and cross planning initiatives.

1.4.2. Full Capability Assessment
An assessment of legal and regulatory capabilities is presented in Table 200 and Table 201. An assessment of fiscal capabilities is presented in Table 202. An assessment of staffing capabilities is presented in Table 203. An assessment of administrative and technical capabilities is presented in Table 204. Information on National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) compliance is presented in Table 205. An assessment of education and outreach capabilities is presented in Table 206. Classifications under various community mitigation programs are presented in
Table 207. Development and permitting capabilities are presented in Table 208, and the community’s adaptive capacity for the impacts of climate change is presented in Table 209.

Table 4: Legal and Regulatory Capabilities: Codes, Ordinances, and Requirements Legal and Regulatory Capability Local
Authority
Other
Jurisdiction
Authority
State
Mandated
Integration
Opportunity?
Building Code Yes No Yes Yes
Comment: 2022 California Building Code
Zoning Ordinance Yes No Yes Yes
Comment: Sunnyvale Municipal Code, Title 19
Subdivision Ordinance Yes Yes Yes Yes
Comment: Sunnyvale Municipal Code Title 18
Stormwater Management Ordinance No No No No
Comment: SMC 12.60
Other Natural Hazard-Specific
Ordinances
No No No No
Comment: None Identified.

Post-Disaster Recovery No No No No
Comment: None Identified.

Attachment 3

Legal and Regulatory Capability Local
Authority
Other
Jurisdiction
Authority
State
Mandated
Integration
Opportunity?
Real Estate Disclosure No No Yes No
Comment: None Identified.

Growth Management Yes No Yes No
Comment: Sunnyvale Municipal Code, Title 9
Site Plan Review No No No No
Comment: None Identified.

Environmental Protection No No No No
Comment: None Identified.

Flood Damage Prevention No No No No
Comment: Sunnyvale Municipal Code, Title 16, Chapter 62 Emergency Management Yes No No No
Comment: Sunnyvale Municipal Code, Title 2
Climate Change No No No No
Comment: None Identified.

Acquisition of land for open space
and public recreation uses
No No No No
Comment: None Identified.

Table 5: Planning, Legal, and Regulatory Capabilities
Planning, Legal, or Regulatory
Capability
Local
Authority
Other
Jurisdiction
Authority
State
Mandated
Integration
Opportunity?
General Plan Yes No Yes Yes
Is the plan compliant with Assembly Bill 2140?
Comment: Plan was adopted 7/26/2011
Capital Improvement Plan Yes No No Yes
How often is the plan updated? Every two years
Comment: The City has adopted a Capital Improvement Plan and the Sunnyvale website lists project and infrastructure project summaries.

Floodplain or Watershed Plan No No No No
Comment: None Identified. City relies on FEMA floodplain maps.

Stormwater Management Plan No No No No
Comment: None identified.

Urban Water Management Plan Yes Yes Yes Yes
Comment: The City updates the Urban Water Management Plan every 5 years.

Habitat Conservation Plan No No No No
Comment: None identified.

Attachment 3

Planning, Legal, or Regulatory
Capability
Local
Authority
Other
Jurisdiction
Authority
State
Mandated
Integration
Opportunity?
Green Infrastructure Plan No No No No
Comment: None identified.

Parks or Open Space Plan No No No No
Comment: None identified, but there is a ‘Parks of the Future’ document.

Economic Development Plan No No No No
Comment: Economy is addressed in the General Plan Land Use and Transportation chapter.

Transportation Plan Yes No No Yes
Comment: The General Plan’s Chapter 3 - Land Use and Transportation was updated 6/2022.

Shoreline Management Plan No No No No
Comment: None identified.

Community Wildfire Protection Plan No No No No
Comment: None identified.

Forest Management Plan No No No No
Comment: None identified.

Climate Action Plan Yes No No Yes
Comment: Sunnyvale has adopted the Climate Action Playbook.

Comprehensive Emergency
Management Plan
Yes No No Yes
Comment: The General Plan Safety Element and the City EOP address emergency management goals, issues, and contingencies.

Local Emergency Operations Plan Yes No No Yes
Comment: The City has adopted an EOP in 2017.

Threat and Hazard Identification and
Risk Assessment (THIRA)
No No No No
Comment: None identified.

Post-Disaster Recovery Plan No No No No
Comment: None identified.

Continuity of Operations Plan No No No No
Comment: None Identified.

Public Health Plan No Yes No No
Comment: Santa Clara County Strategic Public Health Plan Attachment 3

Tab
le 6: Financial Capabilities
Financial Capability Could the resource be
used to fund future
mitigation activities?
Has the funding resource been
used in the past for mitigation
activities? If yes, for what type
of mitigation activities?
Community Development
Block Grants
Not unless the funds are
specifically dedicated to
Disaster Response: CDBG-
DR funds.

No
Other Federal Funding
Programs
Only for public facility
buildings that serve the
whole community.

No
Capital Improvements Project
Funding
Yes Road Maintenance and
Rehabilitation, Streetlight Conduit
Replacement, Upgrading Fuel
Stations, Emergency Generator
Installation projects and Widening
and Retrofitting Bridges and
Overpasses to meet current seismic
requirements receive CIP funding.

Authority to Levy Taxes for
Specific Purposes
Yes Unknown
User Fees for Water, Sewer,
Gas or Electric Services
Yes Unknown
Stormwater Utility Fee There is no current
stormwater utility fee
Incur Debt through General
Obligation Bonds
Yes Unknown
Incur Debt through Special
Tax Bonds
Yes Unknown
Incur Debt through Private
Activity Bonds
No N/A
Withhold Public Expenditures
in Hazard-Prone Areas
Unknown Unknown
State Funding Programs Yes Road Maintenance and
Rehabilitation, Streetlight Conduit
Replacement, Intelligent
Transportation Systems, Traffic
Signal Controller Maintenance
Replacement and Upgrades, Future
Traffic Calming projects and
preventative maintenance on various
bridges received funding from SB1
and Gas Tax funding sources.

Development Impact Fees for
Homebuyers or Developers
No N/A
Public or Private Partnership
Funding Sources
Yes, State and Federal Yes - Mary Carson water tank
seismic retrofitting
Other Funding Sources No N/A
Attachment 3

T
able 7: Staffing Capabilities
Staffing Capability Have Capability? Is staffing adequate to enforce regulations?
Is staff trained on
natural hazards
and mitigation?
Chief Building Official  Ye s
 Full Time
 Community
Development
Yes Yes
Parks and Recreation
Director
 No N /A N/A
Emergency Manager  Ye s
 Full Time
 Office of Emergency
Services
Yes Yes
Community Planner  Yes
 Full Time
 Community
Development
Department
Yes Yes
Civil Engineer  Yes
 Full Time
 Public Works
Yes Yes
Engineers or
professionals
trained in building or
infrastructure
construction practices
Yes – CDD covers private
building structures only.

Yes-CDD Flood and
Earthquake
hazards-CDD
Planners or engineers
with knowledge of land
development and land
management practices
 Ye s
 Full Time
 Community
Development and
Public Works
Yes, as appropriate Yes
Planners or engineers
with an understanding
of natural hazards
 Ye s
 Full Time
 Community
Development and
Public Works
Yes Yes
Surveyors  No N/A N/A
GIS Coordinator or
personnel skilled or
trained in GIS
applications
 Yes
 Full Time
 ITD
No No
Attachment 3

Staffing Capability Have Capability? Is staffing adequate to enforce regulations?
Is staff trained on
natural hazards
and mitigation?
Public Works Director  Ye s
 Full Time
 Public Works and
Parks
Yes Yes
Fire Chief  Ye s
 Full Time
 Public Safety
Yes Yes
Environmental Director  Ye s

Yes Yes
Staff with training in
benefit/cost analysis
 Unknown

Unknown Unknown
Scientist familiar with
natural hazards in local
area
 No -N/A -N/A

Table 8: Administrative and Technical Capabilities
Administrative or Technical
Capability
Have Capability? Has the capability been used to
assess or mitigate risk in the past? If
yes, what type of hazard event?
Maintenance programs to
reduce risk
Yes
Mutual aid agreements Yes D PS has the ability to deploy as a single resource or as a crew when requests for
mutual aid are received.

Hazard data and information Yes T he Office of Emergency Services keeps records of extreme weather, pandemics,
and other emergencies on the City’s
share drive.

Hazus analysis or GIS
software
Yes Y es, during emergency notifications,
mapping software has helped dispatch
and OES send out alerts (weather,
dangerous animals on the loose, active
threats).

Grant writing Yes Yes, the City received FEMA funds for t
he 2017 President’s Day storm damage
and for COVID-19 emergency response
costs.

Attachment 3

Administrative or Technical
Capability
Have Capability? Has the capability been used to
assess or mitigate risk in the past? If
yes, what type of hazard event?
Does your jurisdiction have
any established warning
systems or services for
hazard events?
Yes A lertSCC alerts are sent directly to your
mobile device, landline, and or
email. Alerts for fire, earthquake, Heavy
rain, heavy winds, extreme
temperatures, crime, and instructions
during a disaster. Also, Sunnyvale uses
Nixle, which is a zip code-b
ased, opt-in
service messaging platform. Rave
Mobile Safety is a mass notification
platform to communicate internal/work-
related emergency conditions to all City
staff (e.g., building closure, power
outages, criminal activity, Heavy rain,
heavy winds, extreme temperatures-
related issues). For creek and dam
related water emergencies, Valley Water
utilizes Blackboard, a mass notification
system for jurisdictions.

Table 9: National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Compliance Topic Response
What department in your jurisdiction is
responsible for floodplain management?
Department of Community Development
Who acts as your jurisdiction’s floodplain
administrator?
Community Development Director delegated to
Building Official
Is the floodplain administrator or NFIP
Coordinator certified?
Yes
Is floodplain management an auxiliary
function in your jurisdiction?
No
What is the date of adoption of your flood
damage prevention ordinance?
Adopted November 1, 1994: Ordinance 2486-94.

Update will be adopted in October 2023.

Do floodplain development regulations meet
or exceed FEMA or state minimum
requirements? If regulations exceed
requirements, in what ways?
Yes
Attachment 3

Topic Response
How are the substantial
improvement/substantial damage provisions
implemented?
Both the Floodplain Administrator and Building
O
fficial are authorized to make substantial
improvement and substantial damage
determinations in accordance with subsection

16.62.120(e) of Sunnyvale’s Municipal Code. The
Floodplain Administrator and Building Official are
responsible for coordinating together to determine
market value, compare cost of improvements or
repair to market value, making SD/SI
determinations, and notifying permit applicants
when their work constitutes SD/SI. The Floodplain
Administrator is responsible for reviewing all
permits. The Floodplain Administrator is
responsible for permanently keeping and making
available for public inspection all permits as it
relates to the administration of these regulations
and flood provisions of the building codes.

Provide an explanation of the permitting
process for development within the floodplain.

Flood Insurance Manual:
h
ttps://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance-manual.

CRS Manual: https://www.fema.gov/media-
library/assets/documents/8768?id=2434
Does your floodplain management program
meet or exceed minimum requirements?
Yes
When did your jurisdiction enter the NFIP? May 15, 1978 Current Effective FIRM: May 18, 2009
Is your jurisdiction in good standing with the
NFIP?
Yes
Are the jurisdiction’s Flood Insurance Rate
Maps (FIRMs) digital, paper, or both?
Digital
Explanation of NFIP administration services
within your jurisdiction.

Provide permits, site reviews, and mapping
services
Barriers to running an effective NFIP program
in your jurisdiction.

None
When was the most recent Community
Assistance Visit (CAV) or Community
Assistance Contact (CAC)?
March 12, 2015
Is a CAV or CAC scheduled or needed? Scheduled
Does your jurisdiction have any outstanding
NFIP compliance violations that need to be
addressed?
No
Do your flood hazard maps adequately
address the flood risk within your jurisdiction?
Yes
Does your floodplain management staff need
any assistance or training to support its
floodplain management program?
Yes
Does your jurisdiction participate in the
Community Rating System (CRS)?
Yes, Class 7
Attachment 3

Topic Response
How many structures are exposed to flood risk
within your jurisdiction?
 I n 10% annual chance flood hazard area:
1,020
 In 1% annual chance flood hazard area: 1,475
 In 0.2% annual chance flood hazard area:
23,666
How many flood insurance policies are in
force in your jurisdiction?
 What is the insurance in force?
 What is the premium in force?
 1, 057 policies in force
 $275,627,200 insurance in force
 $996,831 premium in force
Areas of flood risk with limited NFIP policy
coverage.

No
How many total loss claims have been filed in
your jurisdiction?
 How many claims were closed without
payment or are still open?
 What is the total amount of paid claims?
 How many claims were for substantial
damage?
 10 total loss claims have been filed
 5 claims closed without payment
 $68,655.19 total payments for losses
How NFIP compliance will be continued during
the next 5 years.

Provide permits, site reviews, and mapping
se
rvices; public education and outreach

Table 10: Education and Outreach Capabilities
Education or Outreach
Capability Response
How does the
personnel, program, or
organization relate to
disaster resilience and
mitigation?
Could the personnel,
program, or
organization help
implement future
mitigation activities?
Does your jurisdiction have
a Public Information Officer
or Communications Office?
Yes T he Public Information
Officer can directly
communicate hazard or
disaster related
information.

Yes
Does your jurisdiction have
personnel skilled or trained
in website development?
Yes O CM houses the
Communications Office
which manages the city’s
website.

Yes
Does your jurisdiction have
hazard mitigation
information available on
your website?
Yes T he City website
includes disaster
preparedness and
emergency services
information.

Yes
Does your jurisdiction
utilize social media for
hazard mitigation education
and outreach?
Yes The City utilizes the
Facebook and Instagram
platforms.

Yes
Attachment 3

Education or Outreach
Capability Response
How does the
personnel, program, or
organization relate to
disaster resilience and
mitigation?
Could the personnel,
program, or
organization help
implement future
mitigation activities?
Does your jurisdiction have
any citizen boards or
commissions that address
issues related to hazard
mitigation?
Yes T he City has various
boards and commissions
that address hazard
mitigation related issues;
Boards and
Commissions |
Sunnyvale, CA.

Yes
Does your jurisdiction have
any ongoing public
education or information
programs that could be
used to communicate
hazard-related information?
Yes T he Department of
Public Safety’s Office of
Emergency Services
provides training,
support, and services to
ensure the City is
prepared to respond to
and recover from the
effects of major
emergencies.

Yes
Does your jurisdiction have
local citizen groups or
nonprofit organizations
focused on environmental
protection, emergency
preparedness, and/or
underserved populations?
Yes The Sunnyvale Office of
Emergency Services
offers a Community
Emergency Response
Team (CERT) Basic
Training class.

Yes
Does your jurisdiction have
natural disaster or safety
related school programs?
Yes Every school, private or
public, has their own
preplanned natural
disaster operational
plan.  This plan often
involves the ICS system.

These plans can be
found in their "safety
plan" that is signed off by
a Neighborhood
Resource Officer (NRO)
each year.

Yes
Does your jurisdiction have
public/private partnership
initiatives addressing
disaster-related issues
No N/A N/A

Attachment 3

T
able 11: Community Classifications
Participating? Classification Date
Classified
Community Rating System Yes 7
Building Code Effectiveness Grading
Schedule
Yes 3
Insurance Services Office (ISO) Fire Rating Unknown - - National Weather Service StormReady
Program®
No N/A N/A
Firewise USA® Program No N/A N/A

Table 12: Development and Permitting Capabilities
Development or Permitting Capability Response
Does your jurisdiction issue development
permits?
 If no, who does? If yes, which department?
Yes, Community Development
Does your jurisdiction have the ability to track
permits by hazard area?
Yes. The City tracks flood zones.

Does your jurisdiction have a buildable lands
inventory?
No. With few exceptions, all private lands are
buildable.

Table 13: Adaptive Capacity for Climate Change
Adaptive Capacity Assessment Question Jurisdiction Rating Technical Capacity
Jurisdiction-level understanding of potential climate change impacts Medium
Comment: Most staff is aware of issues, but more could be done to provide information on specific impacts and how to address.

Jurisdiction-level monitoring of climate change impacts Low Comment: Project specific impacts including greenhouse gas emissions as well as compliance with the City’s Climate Action Plan are evaluated on project-by-project basis during California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) review. If project does not meet the State allowances, mitigation measures are required but the City Council can still approve the project with “overriding considerations” if the project will result in significant Green House Gas (GHG) emissions beyond what can be mitigated. Sunnyvale does not currently have the resources/tools to conduct jurisdiction- level monitoring of climate change impacts.

Technical resources to assess proposed strategies for feasibility and externalities Low
Comment: Do not have this capacity.

Jurisdiction-level capacity for development of greenhouse gas emissions inventory High
Attachment 3

Adaptive Capacity Assessment Question Jurisdiction Rating Comment: Sunnyvale has conducted GHG emissions inventories and plans to conduct them biennially per City’s Climate Action Plan.

Capital planning and land use decisions informed by potential climate impacts Medium
Comment: Project specific impacts including greenhouse gas emissions as well as compliance with the City’s Climate Action Plan are evaluated on project-by-project basis during California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) review. If project does not meet the State allowances mitigation measure are required but the City Council can still approve the project with “overriding considerations” if the project will result in significant GHG emissions beyond what can be mitigated.

Participation in regional groups addressing climate risks Medium Comment: City staff participate in several regional groups addressing climate risks including but not limited to Joint Venture Silicon Valley Public Sector Climate Protection Task Force, Santa Clara Valley Water District South Bay Shoreline Study, and County of Santa Clara Silicon Valley 2.0 Risk Assessment Tool. However, each of these forums tends to be more information sharing. South Bay lacks unified approach to adaptation planning and response. It seems there are multiple entities involved but not a single lead agency.

Implementation Capacity
Clear authority/mandate to consider climate change impacts during public decision-making processes Low
Comment: Sunnyvale’s adopted Climate Action Plan and Adaptation Chapter. Action A.3.1 calls for City to “analyze and disclose possible impacts of climate change on the project or plan area with an emphasis on sea level rise.” Project specific impacts including greenhouse gas emissions as well as compliance with the City’s Climate Action Plan are evaluated on project-by-project basis during California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) review. If project does not meet the State allowances mitigation measure are required but the City Council can still approve the project with “overriding considerations” if the project will result in significant GHG emissions beyond what can be mitigated.

Identified strategies for greenhouse gas mitigation efforts Medium Comment: City Council adopted Sunnyvale’s Climate Action Plan in May 2014. City is currently implementing; however, while plan will meet the State’s near-term 2020 target, CAP does not meet 2030 or 2050 GHG reduction targets. City Council considering actions to update CAP to meeting long- term targets and formally adopt State targets as local goal.

Identified strategies for adaptation to impacts Low
Comment: Sunnyvale’s CAP includes a chapter on Adaptation; however, the identified actions are general and emphasize participation on regional groups. The City could benefit through the development of a City specific adaption plan; however, resources and capacity are limited.

Champions for climate action in local government departments Medium Comment: Most staff are generally aware of Climate Change issues, especially CDD, DPW, ESD involved in CAP and development projects. Staff could benefit from more information about specific climate impacts to Sunnyvale and by having more tools and resources on how to address adaption as a part of their work.

Political support for implementing climate change adaptation strategies High
Comment: Elected officials, Sustainability Commission, and community groups (SunnyvaleCool, Livable Sunnyvale, etc.) are actively engaged on climate issues and supportive of City action.

Financial resources devoted to climate change adaptation Low Comment: City currently has no funding dedicated to climate change adaptation; any funding would have to come from the General Fund.

Attachment 3

Adaptive Capacity Assessment Question Jurisdiction Rating Local authority over sectors likely to be negative impacted Low Comment:

Public Capacity
Local residents’ knowledge of and understanding of climate risk Medium Comment: Small group of Sunnyvale resident community is aware and actively engaged; broader community is aware but not engaged.

Local residents’ support of adaptation efforts Low
Comment: Small group of Sunnyvale resident community is aware and actively engaged; broader community is aware but not engaged or interested in changing their behaviors or taking actions on climate issues.

Local residents’ capacity to adapt to climate impacts Medium Comment: Not a lot of information on specific adaptation actions a resident can take; broader community may be aware but not engaged or interested in changing their behaviors or taking actions on climate issues.

Local economy current capacity to adapt to climate impacts Medium Comment: Most large companies in area are engaged and take precautions to adapt/mitigate their own effects on climate. Mid-size and small companies may not have the resources to address or engage on the issue.

Local ecosystems capacity to adapt to climate impacts Low Comment: North Sunnyvale borders the South San Francisco Bay and its wetland and marsh habitats.

This area is included in the South San Francisco Shoreline Study. The goal of the Shoreline Study is to protect the parts of Santa Clara County’s shoreline with the highest potential damages and threats to human health and safety from flooding, using a combination of flood protection levees and wetlands.

This approach using natural infrastructure would provide increased flood protection and restored Bay habitats, as well as a flood protection system that can evolve in the future. The Shoreline Study is coordinated with another project in the area, the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, which seeks to restore historic wetlands on 15,100 acres of former salt ponds in the South Bay. This study is moving forward in phases and the first phase selected is the Alviso Reach which does not include Sunnyvale.

1.4.3. Opportunities to Expand Upon and Improve Existing Capabilities The hazard mitigation planning process presented the opportunity for the community to discuss and evaluate their current capabilities however, building mitigation capabilities is an ongoing process. New capabilities can be added which will support mitigation. Current capabilities can also be enhanced to actively support mitigation and reduce risk. Significant efforts have been made to increase the capabilities of jurisdictions across the OA. By participating in this plan update, each community is reinforcing their support for mitigation and understanding of the capabilities they need to successfully implement mitigation measures. Actions that can expand and improve existing authorities, plans, policies, and resources for mitigation include:
 Developing a Climate Action Plan which incorporates hazard data and actions to adapt to a c
hanging climate.
 Budgeting and passing policies and procedures for mitigation actions.  Adopting and implementing stricter mitigation regulations.  Approving the training of staff for mitigation activities.

Attachment 3

 Approving mitigation updates to existing plans as new needs are recognized.  Continuing to update plans as necessary to ensure they are current and reflect the needs of the community or special district.
 Further developing warning systems and messaging.
 Creating and implementing additional public education and outreach offerings and increasing the volume of translated materials.
 Ensuring grant opportunities are capitalized upon to meet mitigation goals.

Each type of the four FEMA-identified capabilities were evaluated, in addition to OA-priority capabilities like adaptive capacity. Gaps and limitations, if any, are discussed in the tables above. Additional jurisdiction-specific opportunities to expand on and improve capabilities for reducing risk include:
 Continue to participate in the Community Rating System and identify additional actions to both reduce flood risk and reduce flood insurance premiums.
 Support public outreach and engagement on hazard mitigation, climate risks, and climate adaptation.
 Expand engineering capabilities to support public infrastructure mitigation measures.  Update the city’s Climate Action Plan including hazard data and actions to adapt to a changing climate.
 Support staff in increasing their familiarity with anticipated natural hazard and climate impacts, particularly local impacts and risk reduction related tools and resources.  Identify and utilize additional federal or local funding sources for hazard mitigation. Since the last update, multiple new grant programs that support mitigation measures have been established.

FEMA’s annual BRIC grant program funds a variety of mitigation actions, including infrastructure projects, nature-based solutions, climate adaptation, hazard resistant building codes, and projects benefitting disadvantaged communities.


1.5. Integration with Other Planning Initiatives
This section describes the process for integrating the hazard mitigation plan into local planning mechanisms.

1.5.1. Existing Integration
The following plans and programs currently integrate the goals, risk assessment and/or recommendations of the 2017 hazard mitigation plan:
 Sunnyvale General Plan: The General Plan is aligned with and includes references to the HMP and will be amended with the new plan update.
 Building and Zoning Codes: Current building codes are and will be incorporated to reflect mitigation priorities per city process.
 Public Outreach Programs: Programs include direct outreach to property owners of earthquake vulnerable buildings and general public education through the City website and utility mailers.  Government Functions: Day-to-day government functions ensure building permit applicants comply with the hazard mitigation requirements.

Attachment 3

 Stormwater Management Plans and Procedures: Planning applications require a preliminary review of stormwater management plans.

These plans and programs will continue to integrate the 2023 hazard mitigation plans and goals and will be updated to match new information as each of these plans and programs are updated.

1.5.2. Opportunities for Future Integration
The following plans and programs do not currently integrate the goals, risk assessment and/or recommendations of the hazard mitigation plan, but provide an opportunity for future integration:
• Capital Improvement Plan: There is an opportunity to include mitigation actions, projects, and priorities in the next Capital Improvement Plan. The plan is updated every 2 years and is expected to be completed in 2024.
• Climate Action Plan: The city is considering updating the CAP, or actions within the CAP.

Adaptation actions that relate to the impacts of climate change and associated hazards as described in this plan’s risk assessment could be incorporated if and when this update occurs.

The Draft Game Plan 2028 will go before city council in March 2024. • Urban Water Management Plan: This plan is updated every 5 years. There will be the opportunity to incorporate additional hazard data, GIS products, goals, and actions into this plan next update. This plan was last published in 2020 and anticipated to be renewed in 2025.

The Department of Community Development houses the Planning responsibilities for the City of Sunnyvale. The Director of Community Development, as well as the city’s Senior Planner, participated in this plan update. They, along with the city’s other team members, will be responsible for disseminating information on this plan and ensuring it’s integration into other planning mechanisms moving forward.

1.6. Jurisdiction-Specific Natural Hazard Event History Table 210 lists all past occurrences of natural hazards within the jurisdiction.

Table 14: Natural Hazard Events
Type of Event FEMA Disaster #
(if applicable)
Date Preliminary
Damage Assessment
COVID-19 Pandemic DR-4482 3/22/2020 Unknown

1.7. Jurisdiction-Specific Vulnerabilities
 Hazus earthquake models show potential structural losses of $2.2 billion for a 100- year probabilistic earthquake and $8 billion for a 500-year probabilistic earthquake. Of the fault-based scenarios, the highest loss-estimates for Sunnyvale were from the San Andreas fault, with an estimated $2 billion in damage, which is 6.17% of the total replacement value. Although specific population impact counts are not available, it can be anticipated that numerous human impacts from injuries, disruption to basic services, and people seeking shelter from being displace from homes will occur. Sunnyvale has mostly moderate liquefaction potential, which contributes to the effects of ground shaking.
 Sunnyvale is less at risk to wildfire than many cities in the OA. 366 structures and 1,037 people are located in wildfire hazard areas. These structures are valued at $15 million, or 0.53% of the total replacement value. Sunnyvale is primarily urban, so wildfire risk is primarily concentrated in Attachment 3

undev
eloped open space near the bay. Wildfire is expected to increase as climate change contributes to increasingly dry and hot conditions. Vegetation management in open space can reduce wildfire risk.
 Sunnyvale has the 4th highest number of people within potential dam inundation areas. 30,143 people are at risk. $6.3 billion in structures are exposed to inundation from dam failure of the Stevens Creek Dam. Because dam ownership and maintenance are the dam owner’s responsibility, public education of dam risk and ability to evacuate safely are important methods for risk reduction in the city.
 Hazus was used to generate loss estimates from riverine flooding. 13.969 people (9% of total) are within the 1% annual flood hazard zone, and 21,284 (13.75%) are within the 0.2% annual flood hazard zone. Both are the 4th highest population percentage exposed to flood in the OA. Damage estimates for a 1% flood hazard are $833 million, or 9.02% of the total replacement value. $1.36 billion in losses are estimated for a 0.2% flood, which is 4.64% of the total value. Levees help reduce flood risk to a significant portion of Sunnyvale. Proper maintenance and monitoring of levees is needed to maintain these benefits. Areas of high social vulnerability do overlap with potential flooding areas.
 Landslide potential is of less concern for Sunnyvale than many cities in the OA. 611 people (0.39% of the total population) are in potential landslide areas. Structures potentially at risk to landslide have a total value of $200 million. Landslide potential in Sunnyvale is most common along highway interchanges, which will likely be smaller slope failures possibly related to heavy rain events or earthquake. Slopes along creeks may also experience erosion and failure.  It is anticipated that the impacts of drought will be consistent across the OA. Drought impacts make vegetation more vulnerable to disease and wildfire. Extended drought may necessitate limits on landscape irrigation or higher costs for irrigation, which can have economic impacts.

Although agriculture is not a primary economic sector in the OA, drought can have severe negative impacts on growth of crops and gardens. Droughts are expected to become more common and possibly of greater intensity or longevity due to ongoing climate change.

Conservation and other water management efforts are needed to help maintain an adequate water supply. Water use restrictions will likely have greater negative impact on low-income households and other disadvantaged communities.
 Impacts from inclement weather such as heavy rain, hail, and wind are likely to be very similar across the OA. Individual events may impact only limited areas, but the entire OA is at risk to similar conditions. Heavy rain may cause localized flooding on roadways and low -lying areas which may disrupt transportation for the general public and can also delay emergency response.

Heavy rain can also have cascading impacts on landslide potential or strain the capacity of dams.

High winds can disrupt power, communication and other services and cause damage to structures. Trees and branches may fall during high winds and damage aboveground power lines.

High winds can also contribute to wildfire risk. Extreme heat or cold can be harmful to health, particularly for those with inadequate housing with adequate warming and cooling systems, which may be a greater risk for those in older housing or multi-unit housing or those with less income for higher energy costs associated with cooling. Climate change will likely increase the number of extreme heat events in the future, and events may extend over a longer number of days. This can contribute to increased health risks for older populations, outdoor workers, and unhoused populations. Extended extreme heat events can also strain power systems and contribute to rolling blackouts. Climate change may also change precipitation patterns and heavy rain or wind events.
 Extreme cold events are infrequent and expected to occur less in the future due to warming trends associated with climate change. Impacts to critical facilities, infrastructure, and other assets are minimal. Primary concerns associated with extreme cold are potential health impacts to vulnerable populations such as unhoused individuals, outdoor workers, or individuals without adequate heat in their homes. The very young and very old have more difficulty maintaining body temperature and may be more likely to be adversely affected by extremes in cold and heat.

Attachment 3

 Sunnyvale has no assets directly at risk to tsunami. Tsunami risk is not profiled in this annex.

Repetitive loss records are as follows:
 Number of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)-identified Repetitive-Loss Properties (RL): 0
 Number of FEMA-identified Severe-Repetitive-Loss (SRL) Properties: 0  Number of RL Properties or SRL Properties that have been mitigated: 0

Other noted vulnerabilities include:
 Ten URM buildings remain in Sunnyvale, all of which are located in the South Murphy Avenue historical area, which is exempt from the State URM legislation; none of these URMs are residential structures.
 A major industrial zone in the City is in an area considered to be more vulnerable to damage resulting from an earthquake. This land is at or below sea level and is protected by a system of dikes and levees.
 The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission system needs to be upgraded and designed to current seismic standards so that it is able to deliver water even in the event of a major earthquake.
 Minor roadway and pedestrian crossing flooding during heavy rain events occurs at Fair Oaks/Tasman, Evelyn/Hendy, and Fair Oaks/California. Flooding may cause unsafe conditions for vehicle and pedestrian access and cause damage to cars. Flooding may also r estrict access to nearby Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) and Caltrain stations. Some residents in these areas may not have access to private transportation and, therefore, likely use public transit to commute to work or reach essential services.
 Private property, utility easements, and public infrastructure along the east areas of Stevens Creek. Areas along Robin Way, Mockingbird Lane, W. Cardinal Drive, and W. Knickerbocker Drive with steep slopes have an increased risk of damage from landslides. Extra maintenance efforts or capital improvement projects may need to occur to ensure drainage systems remain adequate and function properly.

1.7.1. Social Vulnerability
As seen in Figure 136, Sunnyvale has a complex mix of low to moderately high social vulnerability. This indicates a variety of social characteristics that may make recovery from a disaster more difficult for some residents. More resources may be needed to address the specific needs of individuals in these areas.

The Social Vulnerability Index shows that some census tracts in the city have as high as 21% of the population below the 150% poverty estimate and 32% in cost-burdened occupied housing units with an income of less than $75,000 (more than 30% of income spent on housing). In the central portion of the city, as much as 46 % of housing is in multi-unit structures of 10 or more units. Those in multi-unit housing are often more likely to be displaced following a disaster but may also have fewer financial resources to seek alternate housing.

U.S. Census Bureau Quick Facts indicate that 59% of Sunnyvale’s population speaks a language other than English at home, 49.6% of the population is of Asian origin, and 49.4% of the population is foreign born. These are important considerations in public education outreach efforts to inform residents of hazard risks.

Heavy rain, wind, extreme heat or cold, and drought can occur throughout the city, so all vulnerable populations could potentially experience greater impacts from those hazards. Earthquake , liquefaction, Attachment 3

and f
lood risk are also high throughout the city and could potentially impact all vulnerable populations. In particular, cultural or language barriers may limit their access to information regarding hazard risks and post-disaster relief. Landslide susceptibility is minimal in Sunnyvale and not a high concern for vulnerable populations. Wildfire hazard is also limited, but poor air quality from wildfires in nearby jurisdictions could contribute to health consequences for vulnerable populations such as children or people over age 65, outdoor workers, or those with respiratory or other chronic health conditions.

Figure 3: Sunnyvale Social Vulnerability

The Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool (CEJST) in Figure 137 identifies census tracts that are overburdened and underserved. Two tracts in Sunnyvale meet the thresholds for disadvantaged communities. Linguistic isolation, percentage of individuals with less than a high school diploma, exposure to air pollutants, traffic proximity and volume, and proximity to superfund and hazardous waste sites are among the factors contributing to Sunnyvale’s disadvantaged status.

Attachment 3

F
igure 4: CEJST Disadvantaged Communities in Sunnyvale

1.8. Hazard Risk Index
Table 211 presents the hazards of concern from highest risk index number to lowest, as assigned by the City of Sunnyvale.

Table 15: Hazard Risk Index
Hazard Probability Life Impact Property
Impact
Percentage
of Area
Impacted
Maximum
Probable
Extent
Earthquake Highly Likely Catastrophic Catastrophic Significant Major Dam/Levee
Failure Unlikely Catastrophic Catastrophic Significant Major Heavy Rain Highly Likely Minor Limited Minimal Moderate High Wind Likely Minor Limited Minimal Moderate
Extreme Heat Likely Minor Limited Minimal Moderate
Extreme Cold Likely Minor Limited Minimal Moderate
Wildfire Likely Limited Minor Minimal Moderate
Drought Likely Minor Minor Extensive Weak
Flood Occasional Minor Minor Minimal Moderate
Climate Change Occasional Minor Minor Negligible Weak
Attachment 3

Hazard Probability Life Impact Property
Impact
Percentage
of Area
Impacted
Maximum
Probable
Extent
Landslide/Mass
Movement Unlikely Minor Minor Negligible Weak
Table 16: Comparison of Sunnyvale Risk Scores to Operational Area (OA) Risk Score Earth-
quake
Dam/
Levee
Failure
Heavy
Rain
High
Wind
Extreme
Heat Wildfire Drought Flood Landslide Climate
Change
Sunnyvale 2.9 2 1.25 1.15 1.15 1.05 0.9 0.3 0.85 0.3
OA 2.24 1.19 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.68 1.21 0.90 0.36 1.13

1.9. Future Needs to Understand Risk and Vulnerability
A better understanding of the City’s vulnerable population, especially those needing assistance in evacuation, are needed. An evaluation of public properties would be helpful in assessing the level of seismic retrofits needed. Additionally, timely inspections and assessment of bridges , culverts, and other critical infrastructure would be beneficial in proactively identifying potential vulnerabilities.

1.10. Status of Previous Plan Actions
Participants were asked to report the status of their mitigation actions listed in the previous plan as a part of this plan update. Where further information isn’t provided, the answers are defined as follows:
 Completed – work on this action is totally complete.
 Completed and ongoing – work on this action is complete; however, it is an ongoing project that will continue to be implemented. An example is a public outreach campaign that was created and will continue to be implemented.
 In progress – work on this action has begun and is in progress, but the action is not yet complete.  Retain – work on this action has not begun yet, the action is still relevant, and it should be in th e 2023
MJHMP.
 No longer relevant – Action item is no longer relevant due to reduce or eliminated risk, it no l
onger being feasible, there has been a change in jurisdictional or organizational priorities, or another reason as stated.

U
nless specifically requested otherwise, only those actions listed as “retain” are incorporated into the 2023 action plan.

Table 17: Status of Action Items from the 2017 MJHMP
Action Item
Number*
Action Item Description Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Current
Status and
Comments
SNY-1 Flex couplings being added to the Mary Carson
Water Tank #1. This is a water storage tank
owned by the City.

Earthquake Complete
Attachment 3

Action Item
Number*
Action Item Description Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Current
Status and
Comments
SNY-2 Flex coupling will be added to the Mary Carson
Water Tank #2.

Earthquake Complete
SNY-3 Widening and retrofitting to meet current seismic requirements of the Fair Oaks Overpass Bridge.

Earthquake Complete
SNY-4 Widening and retrofitting to meet current seismic requirements of the Old Mountain View-Alvsio
Overpass Bridge.

Earthquake Complete
SNY-5 Flood related improvement project on the East
Channel. This project is in the permitting stage.

Flood In progress
SNY-6 Flood related improvement project on the West
Channel. This project is in the permitting stage.

Flood In progress
SNY-7 Develop a disaster recovery plan. All Hazards No longer relevant. No
longer a
priority for
the City.

SNY-8 Review/update the debris management plan. All Hazards Complete SNY-9 Enhance emergency preparedness page on City
website by cross-referencing different City
department mitigation efforts like flood control
projects and climate change initiatives.

All Hazards Complete
SNY-10 Where appropriate, support retrofitting, purchase or relocation of structures located in high hazard
areas and prioritize those structures that have
experienced repetitive losses.

All Hazards On going
SNY-11 Integrate the hazard mitigation plan into other
plans, ordinances and programs that dictate land
use decisions within the community.

All Hazards On going
SNY-12 Actively participate in the plan maintenance
protocols outlined in Volume 1 of the hazard
mitigation plan.

All Hazards Complete
SNY-13 Continue to maintain good standing and
compliance under the National Flood Insurance
Program (NFIP). This will be accomplished
through the implementation of floodplain
management programs that will, at a minimum,
meet the requirements of the NFIP:
 Enforcement of the flood damage prevention
ordinance.
 Participate in floodplain identification and
mapping updates.
 Provide public assistance/information on
floodplain requirements and impacts.

Flood Ongoing
Attachment 3

1.11. Hazard Mitigation Action Plan and Evaluation of
Recommended Actions
Table 214 lists the actions that make up the City of Sunnyvale hazard mitigation action plan. The maps in Figure 138 through Figure 145 present the City’s critical infrastructure, facilities, and identified hazard areas.

Descriptions of the expected time frames for actions are provided below:
• Short term: 1–5 years
• Medium term: 5–10 years
• Long term: Over 10 years
• Ongoing: Currently being funded and implemented under existing programs

T
he planning partners utilized the following criteria to prioritize action items into the categories of high, medium, or low.
 High Priority— A project that:
 Meets multiple goals and objectives (i.e., multiple hazards);  Addresses multiple hazards;
 Has benefits that exceed cost;
 Has funding secured or is an ongoing project;
 Meets eligibility requirements for Hazard Mitigation Assistance grants;  Can be completed in the short term (1 to 5 years);
 Addresses immediate short-term impacts of climate change;  Benefits underserved and/or socially vulnerable populations; AND  Considers the Multi-Benefit Criteria utilized by the Santa Clara County Climate Collaborative, including equity, long-term value, ecosystem benefit, community benefit, and cross- jurisdictional alignment.
 Medium Priority— A project that:
 Meets multiple goals and objectives;
 Addresses multiple hazards;
 Has benefits that exceed costs;
 Has funding has not been secured, but that is grant eligible under Hazard Mitigation Assistance grants or other grant programs;
 Project can be completed in the short term (1-5 years), once funding is secured. Medium priority projects will become high priority projects once funding is secured;  Addresses immediate short-term impacts of climate change;  Benefits underserved and/or socially vulnerable populations; AND  Considers the Multi-Benefit Criteria utilized by the Santa Clara County Climate Collaborative, including equity, long-term value, ecosystem benefit, community benefit, and cross- jurisdictional alignment.

Attachment 3

 Low Priority— A project that:
 Will mitigate the risk of at least one hazard;
 Has benefits that do not exceed the costs or are difficult to quantify:
 Does not have secured funding;
 Is not eligible for Hazard Mitigation Assistance grant funding;  Has a timeline for completion that is long term (greater than 5 years). Low priority projects may be eligible for other sources of grant funding from other programs;  May address impacts of climate change;
 May benefit underserved and/or socially vulnerable populations; AND  Considers the Multi-Benefit Criteria utilized by the Santa Clara County Climate Collaborative, including equity, long-term value, ecosystem benefit, community benefit, and cross- jurisdictional alignment.

Attachment 3

T
able 18: City of Sunnyvale 2023 Action Items
Action Item
Number
Action Item
Description Hazard(s) Mitigated
Lead Position, Office,
Department, or
Division Responsible
for Implementation
Potential
Funding
Sources
Expected
Timeline for
Completion
Priority

1. Include the Safety
Element as part of
the General Plan
references to
Climate Action
Playbook and the
MJHMP.

Climate Change,
Drought, Flood
Environmental Services
Department (ESD)/
Department of Public
Safety (DPS)/
Department of Public
Works (DPW)/
Community
Development
Department (CDD)
General fund Short term High

2. Create and enforce
environmental
justice policies.

Climate Change,
Drought, Flood

ESD/DPS/DPW/CDD
(Depending on issue)
General fund Short term High

3. Install solar panels
at existing and
future city-owned
facilities.

Climate Change, Heavy
Precipitation/Atmospheric
River, Extreme Heat,
High Wind, Wildfires
ESD/DPW General fund,

DOE SETO
Grants
Long term Medium

4. Upgrade pedestrian
and bicyclist
infrastructure with
green infrastructure
and additional
mitigation methods
to protect non-
motorists during
evacuations and
from Heavy rain,
heavy winds,
extreme
temperatures.

Climate Change, Heavy
Precipitation/Atmospheric
River, Extreme Heat,
High Wind, Wildfires
DPW General fund,
DOT Grants,
IIJA Funding,
RAISE
Grants, FHAA
Transportation
Funding
Long term Medium
Attachment 3

Action Item
Number
Action Item
Description Hazard(s) Mitigated
Lead Position, Office,
Department, or
Division Responsible
for Implementation
Potential
Funding
Sources
Expected
Timeline for
Completion
Priority

5. Install charging
stations for electric
vehicles at all
existing and future
facilities, especially
along evacuation
routes.

Climate Change,
Wildfires
DPW General fund,
DOT Grants,
DOE Grants,
BIL Funding,
FHWA
Funding
Short term Medium

6. Retrofit earthquake-
vulnerable
structures, including
URMs.

Earthquake CDD General fund,

FEMA HMA
Grants
Long term Medium

7. Install emergency
generators in all
existing and future
critical facilities.

All Hazards, including
Earthquake, Flood, Dam
Failure, Heavy Rain,
High Wind
DPW General fund,

FEMA HMA
Grants
Short term Medium

8. Replace the Public
Safety Emergency
Generator with one
with more capacity.

Hazardous Materials,
Power Outages,
Earthquake, Flood,
Heavy Rain, High wind
DPW General fund,

FEMA HMA
Grants
Short term Medium

9. Upgrade Fuel
Stations to be more
resilient to hazards.

All Hazards DPW General fund,
USDA Grants,
DOE Grants
Short term Medium

10. Address gaps in
data and missing
information within
this Annex for the
next plan update.

All Hazards, including
Earthquake, Flood,
Dam/Levee Failure,
Wildfire, Drought, Heavy
Rain, High Wind,
Landslide
All Departments General fund,

FEMA HMA
Grants
Short term Medium
Attachment 3

Action Item
Number
Action Item
Description Hazard(s) Mitigated
Lead Position, Office,
Department, or
Division Responsible
for Implementation
Potential
Funding
Sources
Expected
Timeline for
Completion
Priority

11. Partner with Valley
Water to complete
levee restoration
and upgrade
projects to protect
high-risk areas,
including Moffett
Park. Partner with
ongoing feasibility
study with USACE
to identify preferred
alignment and
develop cost
estimate.

Climate Change: Sea
Level Rise, Earthquake,
Dam/Levee Failure
Environmental Services
Department (ESD)/
Santa Clara Valley
Water District, U.S.

Army Corps of
Engineers.

USACE,
Valley Water
Short-term Medium

12. Continue to
collaborate with
San Francisco
Public Utilities
Commission in
upgrading water
transmission
systems to current
seismic standards
to ensure reliable
water supply
following a major
earthquake. Sierra
Mountain tunnel
system continuing
thru 2024.

Earthquake SFPUC General fund,
San Francisco
Public Utilities
Commission
Short-term High
Attachment 3

Action Item
Number
Action Item
Description Hazard(s) Mitigated
Lead Position, Office,
Department, or
Division Responsible
for Implementation
Potential
Funding
Sources
Expected
Timeline for
Completion
Priority

13. To maintain access
to public
transportation,
install measures to
manage flooding or
improve flow
remediation,
particularly in
pedestrian areas
noted in
jurisdictional
vulnerabilities
where flood control
is impractical.

Procure and deploy
signage, road
closures, sandbags,
or other flood
management
strategies when
outflow backs into
streets.

Flooding, Heavy Rain Sunnyvale
Environmental Services
Department/Department
of Public Works
General fund,
FMA
Short-term Medium

14. Inspect steep
slopes along the
creek and execute
capital projects to
rehabilitate outfalls
and surrounding
failing creek
embankments.

Landslide, Heavy Rain,
Flood
Sunnyvale
Environmental Services
Department/Department
of Public Works
General fund Short-term Medium
Attachment 3

Action Item
Number
Action Item
Description Hazard(s) Mitigated
Lead Position, Office,
Department, or
Division Responsible
for Implementation
Potential
Funding
Sources
Expected
Timeline for
Completion
Priority

15. Coordinate with
Santa Clara Valley
Water District and
City of Mountain
View to improve
and enhance creek
slope infrastructure
to make slope more
reliable.

Landslide, Heavy Rain Sunnyvale
Environmental Services
Department/
Department of Public
Works, SCVWD
General Fund,
City of
Mountain
View, Santa
Clara Valley
Water District,
PA Mitigation
Short-term Medium

16. Conduct vegetation
management,
wildfire fuels
reduction projects
in public areas such
as the closed
Sunnyvale landfill
and Baylands park,
including use of
goats to consume
fuel, to reduce
wildfire risk.

Wildfire Sunnyvale
Environmental Services
Department
General fund Short-term Medium

17. Partner with
SCVWD to
implement rebate
program for
drought-tolerant
landscaping and
replacing water
fixture.

Drought, Climate Change Sunnyvale
Environmental Services
Department
General fund,
SCVWD
Short-term Medium
Attachment 3

Action Item
Number
Action Item
Description Hazard(s) Mitigated
Lead Position, Office,
Department, or
Division Responsible
for Implementation
Potential
Funding
Sources
Expected
Timeline for
Completion
Priority

18. Create canopy
cover and open
space across
Moffett Park to
reduce stormwater
runoff, address heat
island effects, and
increase resilience
to climate change.

Climate Change,
Drought, Heavy Rain,
Extreme Heat
Sunnyvale
Environmental Services
Department
General fund,
BRIC
Short-term Medium

19. Provide education
through classes or
other materials on
reducing water use
in landscaping,
recycled water
programs, and
other methods to
reduce demand on
potable water.

Drought, Climate Change Sunnyvale
Environmental Services
Department
General fund Short-term Medium

20. Actively pursue
funding for
undergrounding of
utilities in
accordance with the
guidelines of Public
Utilities
Commission and
PG&E Tariff Rule
20-A.

Heavy Rain, High Wind,
Earthquake, Landslide,
Flood
Sunnyvale
Environmental Services
Department
General fund,
PG&E,
private/public
partnerships
Long-term Medium
Attachment 3

Action Item
Number
Action Item
Description Hazard(s) Mitigated
Lead Position, Office,
Department, or
Division Responsible
for Implementation
Potential
Funding
Sources
Expected
Timeline for
Completion
Priority

21. Develop and
maintain public
education materials
and outreach in
multiple languages
to ensure the public
is knowledgeable
regarding hazard
disaster
preparedness.

All hazards, including
Drought, Dam Failure,
Climate Change,
Earthquake, Flood,
Landslide, Heavy Rain,
High Wind, Extreme
Temperature, Wildfire
Environmental Services
Department
General Fund Short-term Medium

Attachment 3

F
igure 5: City of Sunnyvale Critical Facilities
Attachment 3

F
igure 6: City of Sunnyvale Critical Infrastructure
Attachment 3

F
igure 7: City of Sunnyvale Flood Hazard Area Map
Attachment 3

Fi
gure 8: City of Sunnyvale Deep-Seated Landslide Susceptibility Attachment 3

F
igure 9: City of Sunnyvale Liquefaction Susceptibility
Attachment 3

F
igure 10: City of Sunnyvale Fire Hazard Severity Zones
Attachment 3

F
igure 11: City of Sunnyvale Wildfire Hazard Classification Attachment 3

Fi
gure 12: City of Sunnyvale Wildfire Risk to Structures
Attachment 3