Vernon City Council
March 19, 2024

JN 1132-008

CATEGORICAL EXEMPTION MEMORANDUM
TO: City of Vernon
Public Works Department – Planning Division
4305 S. Santa Fe Avenue
Vernon, CA 90058
FROM: Nicole Morse, Esq., Principal
DATE: January 26, 2024
RE: CEQA Class 2 Exemption – 5764 Alcoa Avenue
I. PROJECT UNDERSTANDING
Link Logistics (“Project Applicant”) seeks to redevelop an approximately 7.12-acre property located at 5764 Alcoa Avenue in the City of Vernon (“City”), County of Los Angeles. The subject property’s Assessor’s Parcel Number (APN) is 6310-005-003, 6310-005-004, 6310-005-009, and 6310-005-010 (“Project site”). The Project site is currently developed with existing warehouse buildings and associated structures totaling approximately 145,950 square feet (sf).

The Project Applicant proposes to demolish the existing warehouse buildings and associated structures and redevelop the Project site with a single new industrial concrete tilt-up dock high warehouse building (type III-B) totaling 153,000 sf, including 10,000 sf of office space (“Project”). The overall site plan is provided in Attachment A of this Memorandum. The building will be supported by a screened truck yard, vehicular parking areas, drive aisles, and landscaping. Onsite improvements will include storm drains, stormwater/water quality treatment facilities (including underground infiltration chambers), sewer, water, and dry utility systems. Additionally, gravity curbs and deepened building panels will be utilized. The existing onsite railroad tracks along the north property line and extending into the Project site would be removed as part of the Project. The Project is fully consistent with all applicable zoning regulations.

The information presented in this memorandum is based on our review and analysis of the following documents and information: (a) materials provided by the Project Applicant regarding the proposed Project; (b) publicly available documents and information from the City of Vernon website, including but not limited to the City’s General Plan, Zoning and Land Use Code, and (c) information provided by the City of Vernon staff.

CEQA Class 2 Exemption – 5764 Alcoa Avenue
January 26, 2024

II. EXISTING CONDITIONS
A. Existing Land Use
The Project site consists of four (4) square- to irregularly shaped parcels, totaling approximately 7.12 acres. The site is developed with three commercial/industrial-type buildings totaling approximately 145,950 sf and is almost completely paved, except for the northwest portion of the site which is dirt and gravel. One of the three buildings is unoccupied where the other two buildings are both used for shipping and receiving and warehouse/office uses.

Specifically, two tenants currently lease the site: Odyssey logistics and The Starco Group. The building located at 5708 Alcoa Boulevard is vacant and there are no structures at the 5700 Alcoa Avenue address.

Odyssey occupies the majority of this site, including the entire warehouse, the shipping and receiving portion of the 5764 Alcoa Avenue building. and the 3311 East Slauson Boulevard building for warehouse operations. The Starco Group has leased the office area of the 5764 Alcoa Avenue building from Odyssey since December 2020, exclusively for office operations. The 5708 Alcoa Avenue building is an approximately 16,000 sf vacant commercial building and the 5700 Alcoa Avenue parcel is undeveloped land.

There is no designed landscaping onsite, however, there are weeds and brush in the dirt and gravel areas. There are two existing onsite private spur tracks onsite, one in the northwest portion of the site (detached from drill track) and one along the north property line (still connected to drill track). The site is secured by a combination of block walls and various fence types.

B. Existing General Plan Designation
The City of Vernon General Plan designates the Project site as “Industrial (I).” The industrial designation is purposefully structured to allow for a broad range of uses that support the City’s desire to maintain its status as a regional manufacturing and industrial center. The Industrial land use designation allows manufacturing, industrial uses, refrigerated and cold storage warehouses, data centers, general warehousing, industrial gas manufacturing, and any use or activity undertaken by the City. Refineries, energy generating facilities, hazardous waste facilities, trash to energy facilities, petroleum related uses, and other complementary uses may be permitted with special approval such as a Conditional Use Permit (CUP). Certain ancillary uses may be permitted in accordance with Zoning Ordinance requirements. The maximum permitted FAR is 2:1. The Project site is consistent with the City’s General Plan land use designation of Industrial (I).

C. Existing Zoning
The Project site is located within the “General Industry (I)” zoning district, which is intended to provide for the orderly development and operation of most types of industrial use and to promote the concentration of such uses in a manner that will foster mutually beneficial relationships with each other. Development standards for properties within the General Industry (I) Zone are provided for in Vernon Municipal Code (VMC) Chapter 17.22 General Industry (I) Zone. The Project site is consistent with the General Industry (I) zoning.

The southern portion of the Project site has an overlay zone of Commercial-1 (C-1). The purpose of the Commercial-1 (C-1) Overlay Zone is to accommodate at limited and specific areas of the City those business uses that complement and do not detract from the purposely established industrial character of the City. The C-1 Overlay Zone is intended to provide areas for the development of mercantile facilities, including commercial CEQA Class 2 Exemption – 5764 Alcoa Avenue
January 26, 2024

uses, retail uses, offices, services, and business operations that would serve existing businesses and surrounding uses by improving access to a greater range of facilities and services.

D. Surrounding Land Uses
Surrounding land uses include primarily industrial uses within the City of Vernon limits with the nearest residential uses located approximately 1,200 feet to the east of the site. Surrounding land uses are zoned General Industry (I) with uses south, east, and west in the Commercial-1 (C-1) overlay zone. The Project is consistent with the General Plan and zoning and, therefore, would complement surrounding development.

III. CEQA CATEGORICAL EXEMPTION
The Project Applicant proposes to demolish the existing structures onsite and redevelop the Project site with a single new industrial concrete tilt-up dock high warehouse building (type III-B) totaling 155,420 sf, including 10,000 sf of office space on a property located in the General Industry (I) Zone. The Project is fully consistent with all applicable zoning regulations.

A. Class 2 Exemption
Guidelines Section 15302, Replacement or Reconstruction, states that a Class 2 exemption consists of replacement of reconstruction of existing structures and facilities where the new structure will be located on the same site as the structure replaced and will have substantially the same purpose and capacity as the structure replaced, including but not limited to:
(a) Replacement or reconstruction of existing schools and hospitals to provide earthquake resistant structures which do not increase capacity more than 50 percent. (b) replacement of a commercial structure with a new structure of substantially the same size, purpose, and capacity.
(c) Replacement or reconstruction of existing utility systems and/or facilities involving negligible or no expansion of capacity.
(d) Conversion of overhead electric utility distribution system facilities to underground including connection to existing overhead electric utility distribution lines where the surface is restored to the condition existing prior to the undergrounding.

The Project involves demolition of existing warehouse buildings and associated structures totaling approximately 145,950 sf and redevelopment of the site with a single new industrial concrete tilt-up dock high warehouse building (type III-B) totaling 153,000 sf. The Class 2 Categorical Exemption is allowed where the proposed Project would result in the redevelopment of the site with a building of substantial similar size, purpose, and capacity.

The Project’s proposed warehouse building is substantially the same size as the existing uses, with 7,050 sf increase compared to the existing warehouse buildings onsite. The proposed Project would redevelop the site with substantially similar uses and purpose by replacing existing warehouse and office buildings with a new modern warehouse and office building. Additionally, the proposed uses are consistent with the underlying General Plan and zoning designations and, therefore, serve substantially the same purpose as planned for the site.

CEQA Class 2 Exemption – 5764 Alcoa Avenue
January 26, 2024

The proposed Project would have substantially similar capacity as the existing uses. A trip generation assessment (Attachment B of this Memorandum) was prepared by Urban Crossroads to evaluate the potential change in capacity by comparing the trip generation of the existing operation with the proposed operation. To determine the existing trips associated with the existing use, traffic counts were collected at the driveways on October 10 through 12, 2023. The existing site currently generates an average of 232 two-way trips per day, with 23 trips during the AM peak hour and 17 trips during the PM peak hour. Trip generation for the proposed use was determined based on the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), Trip Generation Manual, Eleventh Edition (2021), ITE land use code 150 (Warehousing). The proposed Project is anticipated to generate 264 two-way trips per day with 25 AM peak hour trips and 26 PM peak hour trips. As a result, the proposed Project would result in 32 additional two-way trips per day with an increase of 2 AM peak hour trips and 9 PM peak hour trips as compared to the existing uses. Furthermore, using the highest trip rate by vehicle type for the Project in an effort to provide a conservative calculation of Project trips, the Project would result in an increase of 80 passenger cars and 8 trucks (for a total of 88 two-way trips). Because the proposed Project would generate similar traffic conditions as the existing use, it would have substantially similar capacity as the existing uses. Furthermore, based on the County’s Transportation Impact Analysis Guidelines, dated July 23, 2020, a traffic report is not warranted because the Project would generate fewer than 110 net new two way trips per day and would contribute fewer than 50 net new peak hour trips to any off site study area intersection.

B. Review Of Exceptions to The Categorical Exemption
Furthermore, CEQA Guidelines include exceptions to all exemptions. As codified in Guidelines Section 15300.2, a project that would otherwise fit into an exemption must not be disqualified by the following sections:
a) Location. Classes 3, 4, 5, 6, and 11 are qualified by consideration of where the project is to be located – a project that is ordinarily insignificant in its impact on the environment may in a particularly sensitive environment be significant. Therefore, these classes are considered to apply all instances, except where the project may impact on an environmental resource of hazardous or critical concern where designated, precisely mapped, and officially adopted pursuant to law by federal, state, or local agencies. b) Cumulative Impact. All exemptions for these classes are inapplicable when the cumulative impact of successive projects of the same type in the same place, over time is significant. c) Significant Effect. A categorical exemption shall not be used for an activity where there is a reasonable possibility that the activity will have a significant effect on the environment due to unusual circumstances. d) Scenic Highways. A categorical exemption shall not be used for a project which may result in damage to scenic resources, including but not limited to, trees, historic buildings, rock outcroppings, or similar resources, within a highway officially designated as a state scenic highway. This does not apply to improvements which are required as mitigation by an adopted negative declaration or certified EIR. e) Hazardous Waste Sites. A categorical exemption shall not be used for a project located on a site which is included on any list compiled pursuant to Section 65962.5 of the Government Code. f) Historical Resources. A categorical exemption shall not be used for a project which may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource.

Condition a) would not apply under a Class 2 exemption as it only applies to Classes 3, 4, 5, 6, and 11.

CEQA Class 2 Exemption – 5764 Alcoa Avenue
January 26, 2024

Condition b) and c) would not apply because replacing the existing structures with a modern industrial building consistent with the City’s General Plan and zoning is not an unusual circumstance and would not create a cumulative impact or significant effect.

Condition d) requires consideration of the nearest officially designated state scenic highways. According to the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) California Scenic Highway Mapping System, the nearest officially designated state scenic highways is a portion of California State Route 2 located approximately 16 miles to the north and is not visible from the Project site or surrounding areas. 1 As such, the Project site would not
result in damage to scenic resources within a highway officially designated as a state scenic highway, and this exception does not apply.

Condition e) would not apply. Pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5, the Hazardous Waste and Substances Sites (Cortese) List is a planning document used by the State and local agencies to comply with the California Environmental Quality Act requirements in providing information about the location of hazardous materials release sites. Below are the data resources that provide information regarding the facilities or sites identified as meeting the Cortese List requirements.
• List of Hazardous Waste and Substances sites from Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) EnviroStor database.
• List of Leaking Underground Storage Tank Sites from the State Water Board’s GeoTracker database. • List of solid waste disposal sites identified by Water Board with waste constituents above hazardous waste levels outside the waste management unit.
• List of “active” Cease and Desist Orders and Cleanup and Abatement Orders from Water Board. • List of hazardous waste facilities subject to corrective action pursuant to Section 25187.5 of the Health and Safety Code, identified by DTSC.

Based on a review of the Cortese List maintained by the CalEPA, the Project site is not identified as a hazardous materials site pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5. 2 As the Project site is not listed in any hazardous
waste sites, this exception would not apply.

Condition f) requires consideration of whether the Project may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource. The definition of "historical resources" is contained in CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5. Buildings or structures that are 45 years or older meet the minimum age requirement for consideration as a potential historical resource under CEQA; historical resources are evaluated as defined in CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5. Both warehouse/office buildings located at 5764 Alcoa Avenue and 3321 East Slauson Avenue were constructed after 1981 and are not of historic age. The oldest building at the site (5708 Alcoa Avenue commercial building) was constructed in approximately 1941. 3 Additionally, the rail spurs on site were constructed 1 https://caltrans.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=465dfd3d807c46cc8e8057116f1aacaa. 2 https://calepa.ca.gov/sitecleanup/corteselist/ 3 https://portal.assessor.lacounty.gov/parceldetail/6310005004 CEQA Class 2 Exemption – 5764 Alcoa Avenue
January 26, 2024

in the early 1940s. To determine whether the 5708 Alcoa Avenue building and rail spurs are considered historical resources Chronicle Heritage, LLC prepared a Cultural Resources Assessment on December 8, 2023 (see Attachment C of this Memorandum). The resources were documented and evaluated for significance; the evaluation found that neither resource meets the criteria for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources. Given the extent of existing disturbance, along with the lack of known archaeological sites in the Project vicinity, the property contains a relatively low sensitivity for in situ buried archaeological deposits. Based on these results, the proposed Project will have no impact on known historical or archaeological resources under CEQA. As such, the Project would not cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource.

C. Conclusion
Based on the foregoing analysis, the Project meets the conditions of a Class 2 exemption and would not conflict with any of the exceptions as codified in CEQA Guidelines Section 15300.

CEQA Class 2 Exemption – 5764 Alcoa Avenue
Attachments
Attachment A:

Overall Site Plan
Owner: Project: Consultants: Project Number: Revision: Date: Drawn by: Title: Sheet: tel: 949 863 1770 email: [email protected] 92612 irvine, ca 18831 bardeen avenue, - ste. #100
hpa, inc. 22779 SLM 06/29/2023 CAUTION: IF THIS SHEET IS NOT 30"X42" IT IS A REDUCED PRINT Civil: Structural: Mechanical: Plumbing: Electrical: Landscape: Soils Engineer: Fire Protection: -------- 5764 ALCOA AVE. VERNON, CA 3333 MICHELSON DR., STE 725 IRVINE, CA 92612 TEL: (310)967-9436 5764 ALCOA AVE., OVERALL SITE PLAN DAB-A1.1 VICINITY MAP SITE PROPERTY OWNER/APPLICANT TABULATION SITE PLAN KEYNOTES ADDRESS OF THE PROPERTY ASSESSOR'S PARCEL NUMBER CONSTRUCTION TYPE APPLICANT'S REPRESENTATIVE ZONING SITE PLAN GENERAL NOTES SITE LEGEND CEQA Class 2 Exemption – 5764 Alcoa Avenue
Attachments
Attachment B:

Trip Generation Assessment
DATE: January 24, 2024
TO: Nicole Morse, T&B Planning, Inc.

FROM: Charlene So, Urban Crossroads, Inc.

JOB NO: 15661-03 TG Memo
5764 ALCOA TRIP GENERATION ASSESSMENT
Urban Crossroads, Inc. is pleased to provide the following Trip Generation Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa development (Project), which is located in the City of Vernon (APN: 6310-005-003, -004, -009, and -010). This trip letter describes the proposed Project trip generation and determines whether any traffic operations analysis is required based on the County’s Transportation Impact Analysis Guidelines (County’s Guidelines) dated July 23, 2020, since the City does not have their own guidelines.

PROPOSED PROJECT
The Project will demolish the existing warehouse buildings and associated structures totaling approximately 145,877 square feet on the 7.12-acre property.

The Project includes the development of a new 153,000 square foot warehouse building. There is one passenger car and truck driveway on Alcoa Avenue and two driveways on Slauson Avenue. The westerly driveway on Slauson Avenue will serve passenger cars only while the easterly driveway on Slauson Avenue will serve both passenger cars and trucks. A preliminary site plan for the proposed Project is shown on Exhibit 1.

Nicole Morse, T&B Planning, Inc.

January 24, 2024

15661-03 TG Memo
EXHIBIT 1: PRELIMINARY SITE PLAN
Nicole Morse, T&B Planning, Inc.

January 24, 2024

15661-03 TG Memo

TRIP GENERATION
Trip generation represents the amount of traffic which is both attracted to and produced by a development. Determining traffic generation for a specific project is therefore based upon forecasting the amount of traffic that is expected to be both attracted to and produced by the specific land uses being proposed for a given development.

EXISTING USE
The site is currently occupied by existing warehouse buildings and associated structures totaling approximately 145,877 square feet on the 7.12-acre property. These structures will be demolished with the development of the proposed Project. In an effort to understand the existing traffic associated with the current use, traffic counts were collected at the driveways on October 10 through 12, 2023 (Tuesday through Thursday). A detailed summary of the count data collected at all driveway locations by day is shown in Attachment A.

Table 1 below summarizes the average existing trip generation based on the count data collected over the three consecutive days. The existing site currently generates an average of 232 two-way trips per day, with 23 trips during the AM peak hour and 17 trips during the PM peak hour (in actual vehicles).

TABLE 1: EXISTING TRIP GENERATION
PROPOSED PROJECT: WAREHOUSE
The Project includes the development of a new 153,000 square foot warehouse building. In order to develop the traffic characteristics of the proposed Project, trip-generation statistics published in the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual (11th Edition, 2021) were used. In an effort to conduct a conservative analysis, the Warehousing (ITE 150) land use category has been used for the proposed Project. Table 2 summarizes the trip generation rates. For purposes of this assessment, the following ITE land use code and vehicle mix has been utilized:
• ITE land use code 150 (Warehousing) has been used to derive site specific trip generation estimates for up to 153,000 square feet. A warehouse is primarily devoted to the storage of materials but may also include office and maintenance areas. The vehicle mix has been obtained from the ITE’s Trip Generation Manual. The truck percentages were further broken Land Use In Out Total In Out Total Daily
Existing Use
Passenger Cars: 6 1 7 1 10 11 90
2-axle Trucks: 3 1 4 1 1 2 28
3-axle Trucks: 1 1 2 1 2 2 24
4+-axle Trucks: 6 4 10 1 1 2 90
Total Truck Trips (Actual Vehicles): 10 6 16 3 4 7 142
Total Trips (Actual Vehicles)1 16 7 23 4 13 17 232
1 Total Trips = Passenger Cars + Truck Trips.

AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
Nicole Morse, T&B Planning, Inc.

January 24, 2024

15661-03 TG Memo
down by axle type per the following South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) recommended truck mix: 2-Axle = 16.7%; 3-Axle = 20.7%; 4+-Axle = 62.6%.

TABLE 2: TRIP GENERATION RATES
The trip generation summary illustrating daily and peak hour trip generation estimates for the proposed Project are summarized on Table 3. The proposed Project is anticipated to generate 264 two-way trips per day with 25 AM peak hour trips and 26 PM peak hour trips (in actual vehicles).

TABLE 3: PROJECT TRIP GENERATION SUMMARY
Alternatively, Project trip generation has also been calculated based on trip generation rates derived from the existing uses and count data summarized in Table 1. Specifically, the trips presented in Table 1 have been divided by 145,877 square feet to develop a trip generation rate on a per thousand square foot basis. The trip generation rates based on the existing uses were then applied to the 153,000 square foot proposed Project. As shown on Table 4, the proposed Project is anticipated to generate 244 two-way trips per day with 24 AM peak hour trips and 18 PM peak hour trips (in actual vehicles).

ITE LU
Land Use Units2 Code In Out Total In Out Total Daily
Trip Generation Rates:1
Warehousing3 TSF 150 0.131 0.039 0.170 0.050 0.130 0.180 1.710 Passenger Cars (AM=88.2%, PM=83.3%, Daily=64.9%) 0.120 0.030 0.150 0.034 0.116 0.150 1.110 2-Axle Trucks (AM=1.97%, PM=2.79%, Daily=5.86%) 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.005 0.100 3-Axle Trucks (AM=2.44%, PM=3.46%, Daily=7.27%) 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.124 4+-Axle Trucks (AM=7.39%, PM=10.45%, Daily=21.97%) 0.007 0.006 0.013 0.010 0.009 0.019 0.376 1 Trip Generation & Vehicle Mix Source: Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), Trip Generation Manual, Eleventh Edition (2021). 2 TSF = thousand square feet
3 Truck Mix: South Coast Air Quality Management District’s (SCAQMD) recommended truck mix, by axle type.

Normalized % - Without Cold Storage: 16.7% 2-Axle trucks, 20.7% 3-Axle trucks, 62.6% 4-Axle trucks.

AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
Land Use Quantity Units1 In Out Total In Out Total Daily Project Trip Generation:

Warehousing 153.000 TSF
Passenger Cars: 18 5 23 5 18 23 170
2-axle Trucks: 0 0 0 0 0 0 16
3-axle Trucks: 0 0 0 0 0 0 20
4+-axle Trucks: 1 1 2 2 1 3 58
Total Trucks 1 1 2 2 1 3 94
Total Project Trips 19 6 25 7 19 26 264
1 TSF = thousand square feet
AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
Nicole Morse, T&B Planning, Inc.

January 24, 2024

15661-03 TG Memo
TABLE 4: PROJECT TRIP GENERATION SUMMARY USING EXISTING RATES

TRIP GENERATION COMPARISON
Table 5 shows the trip generation comparison between the existing uses and proposed Project trip generation calculated using ITE and identifies the resulting net change in trips. As shown, there is an anticipated net reduction to truck trips with the development of the proposed Project but an increase to passenger car trips as compared to the existing uses. The net effect of the development of the proposed Project would result in 32 additional two-way trips per day with an increase of 2 AM peak hour trips and 9 PM peak hour trips as compared to the existing uses.

Land Use Units2 In Out Total In Out Total Daily
Trip Generation Rates:1
Warehousing TSF 0.107 0.039 0.170 0.050 0.130 0.180 1.710 Passenger Cars 0.041 0.007 0.048 0.007 0.066 0.073 0.617 2-Axle Trucks 0.018 0.009 0.027 0.007 0.007 0.014 0.192 3-Axle Trucks 0.005 0.007 0.011 0.005 0.011 0.016 0.165 4+-Axle Trucks 0.043 0.027 0.071 0.009 0.007 0.016 0.617 1 Trip Generation & Vehicle Mix Source: Table 1 trip generation divided by existing 145,877 square feet. 2 TSF = thousand square feet
Land Use Quantity Units1 In Out Total In Out Total Daily Project Trip Generation:

Warehousing 153.000 TSF
Passenger Cars: 6 1 7 1 10 11 94
2-axle Trucks: 3 1 4 1 1 2 30
3-axle Trucks: 1 1 2 1 2 3 26
4+-axle Trucks: 7 4 11 1 1 2 94
Total Trucks 11 6 17 3 4 7 150
Total Project Trips 17 7 24 4 14 18 244
1 TSF = thousand square feet
AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
Nicole Morse, T&B Planning, Inc.

January 24, 2024

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TABLE 5: TRIP GENERATION COMPARISON (ITE RATES)
Table 6 shows the trip generation comparison between the existing uses and proposed Project trip generation calculated using the empirical data (existing surveyed counts) and identifies the resulting net change in trips. As shown, there is nominal to no changes anticipated for the passenger cars and trucks during the peak hour with a net increase of 4 passenger cars and 8 truck two-way trips per day as compared to the existing uses.

Land Use In Out Total In Out Total Daily
Proposed Project (Table 3)
Passenger Cars: 18 5 23 5 18 23 170
Total Truck Trips (Actual Vehicles): 1 1 2 2 1 3 94
Total Trips 19 6 25 7 19 26 264
Existing Uses
Passenger Cars: 6 1 7 1 10 11 90
Total Truck Trips (Actual Vehicles): 10 6 16 3 4 7 142
Total Trips 16 7 23 4 13 17 232
Net Change
Passenger Cars: 12 4 16 4 8 12 80
Total Truck Trips (Actual Vehicles): -9 -5 -14 -1 -3 -4 -48 Total Trips 3 -1 2 3 6 9 32
AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
Nicole Morse, T&B Planning, Inc.

January 24, 2024

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TABLE 6: TRIP GENERATION COMPARISON (EMPIRICAL RATES)

FINDINGS
The traffic impact study area is to be defined in conformance with the requirements of the County’s Guidelines, which state that a transportation impact analysis may be required if it does not meet one of the defined screening criteria. One of the screening criteria for non-retail projects identifies a project will meet the screening criteria if the development results in a net change in the trip generation of less than 110 daily vehicle trips.

The County’s Guidelines identifies that an operations analysis is required if:
• A project is required to submit a Transportation Impact Analysis; or • A development project involves discretionary action.

The trip generation comparison of the proposed Project based on the ITE rates as shown on Table 5 has been utilized for the purposes of this assessment as the net change is a higher net increase than that summarized on Table 6, where the Project trip generation is based on empirical data.

As shown on Table 5, the Project is anticipated to generate fewer than 110 net new two-way trips per day and would contribute fewer than 50 net new peak hour trips to any off-site study area intersection. As such, additional traffic analysis beyond this trip generation assessment is not necessary.

Furthermore, using the highest trip rate by vehicle type for the Project in an effort to provide a conservative calculation of Project trips, would result in an increase of 80 passenger cars and 8 trucks (for a total of 88 two-way trips as shown on Table 7). Using the highest trip rate per vehicle Land Use In Out Total In Out Total Daily
Proposed Project (Table 4)
Passenger Cars: 6 1 7 1 10 11 94
Total Truck Trips (Actual Vehicles): 11 6 17 3 4 7 150
Total Trips 17 7 24 4 14 18 244
Existing Uses
Passenger Cars: 6 1 7 1 10 11 90
Total Truck Trips (Actual Vehicles): 10 6 16 3 4 7 142
Total Trips 16 7 23 4 13 17 232
Net Change
Passenger Cars: 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Total Truck Trips (Actual Vehicles): 1 0 1 0 0 0 8
Total Trips 1 0 1 0 1 1 12
AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
Nicole Morse, T&B Planning, Inc.

January 24, 2024

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type for the proposed Project would also result in fewer than 110 net new two-way trips and 50 peak hour trips to any off-site study area intersection.

TABLE 7: COMPARISON OF MAXIMUM TRIP RATE BY VEHICLE TYPE If you have any questions or comments, I can be reached at [email protected].

Land Use In Out Total In Out Total Daily
Proposed Project1
Passenger Cars: 18 5 23 5 18 23 170
2-axle Trucks: 3 1 4 1 1 2 30
3-axle Trucks: 1 1 2 1 2 3 26
4+-axle Trucks: 7 4 11 2 1 3 94
Total Truck Trips (Actual Vehicles): 11 6 17 4 4 8 150
Total Trips 29 11 40 9 22 31 320
Existing Uses (Table 1)
Passenger Cars: 6 1 7 1 10 11 90
2-axle Trucks: 3 1 4 1 1 2 28
3-axle Trucks: 1 1 2 1 2 2 24
4+-axle Trucks: 6 4 10 1 1 2 90
Total Truck Trips (Actual Vehicles): 10 6 16 3 4 7 142
Total Trips 16 7 23 4 13 17 232
Net Change
Passenger Cars: +12 +4 +16 +4 +8 +12 +80
2-axle Trucks: 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2
3-axle Trucks: 0 0 0 0 0 +1 +2
4+-axle Trucks: +1 0 +1 +1 0 +1 +4
Total Truck Trips (Actual Vehicles): +1 0 +1 +1 0 +1 +8 Total Trips +13 +4 +17 +5 +9 +14 +88
1 Source: Maximum peak hour and daily trips from either Table 3 or Table 4 for each vehicle type.

AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
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ATTACHMENT A: DRIVEWAY COUNTS
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TABLE A-1: SUMMARY OF EXISITNG DRIVEWAY COUNTS BY DAY
Existing Surveyed Sites In Out Total In Out Total Daily Trip Generation Summary of Existing Uses:1
Tuesday, October 10, 2023
Passenger Cars: 6 0 6 1 13 14 103
2-axle Trucks: 2 3 5 2 1 3 49
3-axle Trucks: 2 1 3 0 0 0 27
4+-axle Trucks: 9 5 14 1 2 3 115
Total Trucks (Actual Vehicles) 13 9 22 3 3 6 191
Tuesday Total Trips (Actual Vehicles) 19 9 28 4 16 20 294 Wednesday, October 11, 2023
Passenger Cars: 4 1 5 2 11 13 86
2-axle Trucks: 2 0 2 1 2 3 16
3-axle Trucks: 0 2 2 1 4 5 25
4+-axle Trucks: 5 2 7 3 1 4 91
Total Trucks (Actual Vehicles) 7 4 11 5 7 12 132
Wednesday Total Trips (Actual Vehicles) 11 5 16 7 18 25 218 Thursday, October 12, 2023
Passenger Cars: 8 2 10 0 5 5 82
2-axle Trucks: 4 1 5 0 0 0 20
3-axle Trucks: 0 0 0 1 1 2 21
4+-axle Trucks: 5 5 10 0 0 0 62
Total Trucks (Actual Vehicles) 9 6 15 1 1 2 103
Thursday Total Trips (Actual Vehicles) 17 8 25 1 6 7 185 1 Data presented based on sum of all driveways collected over 3 days.

AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
City:

Location:

Date:

Count Type:

Pass
Veh
Large
2 Axle 3 Axle 4+ Axle Total
Pass
Veh
Large
2 Axle 3 Axle 4+ Axle Total
0:00 0 0 0 0 0 0:00 0 0 0 0 0
0:15 0 0 0 0 0 0:15 0 0 0 0 0
0:30 0 0 0 0 0 0:30 0 0 0 0 0
0:45 0 0 0 0 0 0:45 0 0 0 0 0
1:00 0 0 0 0 0 1:00 0 0 0 0 0
1:15 0 0 0 0 0 1:15 0 0 0 0 0
1:30 0 0 0 0 0 1:30 0 0 0 0 0
1:45 0 0 0 0 0 1:45 0 0 0 0 0
2:00 0 0 0 0 0 2:00 0 0 0 0 0
2:15 0 0 0 0 0 2:15 0 0 0 0 0
2:30 0 0 0 1 1 2:30 0 0 0 0 0
2:45 0 0 0 0 0 2:45 0 0 1 0 1
3:00 0 0 0 0 0 3:00 0 1 0 1 2
3:15 0 0 0 0 0 3:15 0 0 0 0 0
3:30 0 0 0 0 0 3:30 0 0 0 0 0
3:45 1 0 0 1 2 3:45 0 0 0 0 0
4:00 0 0 0 0 0 4:00 0 0 0 0 0
4:15 0 0 0 0 0 4:15 0 0 0 0 0
4:30 1 0 0 0 1 4:30 0 0 0 2 2
4:45 0 0 0 0 0 4:45 0 0 0 0 0
5:00 1 0 0 0 1 5:00 0 0 0 0 0
5:15 0 0 0 1 1 5:15 0 0 0 1 1
5:30 0 0 0 1 1 5:30 0 0 0 0 0
5:45 2 0 0 0 2 5:45 0 0 0 0 0
6:00 2 0 0 1 3 6:00 0 0 0 1 1
6:15 0 0 0 0 0 6:15 0 0 0 1 1
6:30 1 0 1 0 2 6:30 1 0 0 1 2
6:45 1 0 0 0 1 6:45 0 0 0 0 0
7:00 1 0 0 0 1 7:00 0 0 1 0 1
7:15 2 0 0 1 3 7:15 0 0 0 0 0
7:30 0 0 0 2 2 7:30 0 0 0 1 1
7:45 2 1 0 2 5 7:45 0 1 0 1 2
8:00 3 0 1 3 7 8:00 0 1 0 0 1
8:15 1 1 1 2 5 8:15 0 1 1 3 5
8:30 1 0 0 0 1 8:30 0 0 0 0 0
8:45 2 0 0 3 5 8:45 0 1 1 1 3
9:00 0 0 0 1 1 9:00 1 0 0 2 3
9:15 2 0 1 4 7 9:15 0 2 0 6 8
9:30 0 1 0 2 3 9:30 1 0 1 1 3
9:45 1 0 0 0 1 9:45 1 0 0 1 2
10:00 1 2 0 1 4 10:00 1 2 0 3 6
10:15 0 0 0 1 1 10:15 0 1 0 1 2
10:30 0 2 0 0 2 10:30 1 2 0 0 3
10:45 1 0 0 1 2 10:45 0 0 0 1 1
11:00 1 0 0 2 3 11:00 0 1 0 0 1
11:15 0 0 0 1 1 11:15 1 1 0 0 2
11:30 1 1 1 0 3 11:30 1 0 0 2 3
11:45 1 0 0 1 2 11:45 1 1 0 2 4
Exiting
Vernon
TOTALS
Tuesday, October 10, 2023
Driveway Classification
Entering
Counts Unlimited, Inc.

PO Box 1178
Corona, CA 92878
(951) 268-6268
City:

Location:

Date:

Count Type:

Pass
Veh
Large
2 Axle 3 Axle 4+ Axle Total
Pass
Veh
Large
2 Axle 3 Axle 4+ Axle Total
Exiting
Vernon
TOTALS
Tuesday, October 10, 2023
Driveway Classification
Entering
12:00 2 2 0 3 7 12:00 1 2 0 1 4
12:15 2 1 0 2 5 12:15 3 0 0 1 4
12:30 2 0 1 0 3 12:30 0 0 1 2 3
12:45 1 0 1 0 2 12:45 2 0 0 1 3
13:00 2 0 0 0 2 13:00 1 1 0 2 4
13:15 0 0 2 2 4 13:15 0 0 0 2 2
13:30 0 2 0 2 4 13:30 0 1 0 1 2
13:45 0 1 0 2 3 13:45 2 3 1 0 6
14:00 2 1 0 1 4 14:00 2 1 1 0 4
14:15 1 1 0 2 4 14:15 2 0 0 3 5
14:30 0 0 1 0 1 14:30 0 0 0 1 1
14:45 3 0 0 1 4 14:45 1 0 0 2 3
15:00 0 0 0 2 2 15:00 1 0 0 1 2
15:15 2 0 0 1 3 15:15 3 0 0 2 5
15:30 0 0 0 1 1 15:30 2 1 0 1 4
15:45 1 0 0 0 1 15:45 1 1 0 0 2
16:00 1 0 0 1 2 16:00 1 1 0 1 3
16:15 1 0 0 0 1 16:15 4 0 0 0 4
16:30 0 2 0 1 3 16:30 3 0 0 0 3
16:45 0 0 0 0 0 16:45 2 1 0 1 4
17:00 0 0 0 0 0 17:00 4 0 0 1 5
17:15 0 1 0 0 1 17:15 1 1 0 0 2
17:30 0 1 0 0 1 17:30 0 1 0 0 1
17:45 1 0 0 0 1 17:45 2 0 0 0 2
18:00 0 0 0 0 0 18:00 0 0 0 0 0
18:15 0 0 0 0 0 18:15 0 0 0 0 0
18:30 0 0 0 0 0 18:30 0 0 0 0 0
18:45 1 0 0 0 1 18:45 1 0 0 0 1
19:00 1 0 1 0 2 19:00 0 0 1 0 1
19:15 0 0 1 0 1 19:15 0 0 0 1 1
19:30 0 0 0 0 0 19:30 0 0 0 1 1
19:45 0 0 0 0 0 19:45 0 0 0 0 0
20:00 0 0 0 0 0 20:00 1 0 0 0 1
20:15 0 0 0 0 0 20:15 0 0 0 0 0
20:30 0 0 0 0 0 20:30 0 0 0 0 0
20:45 0 0 0 0 0 20:45 0 0 0 0 0
21:00 0 0 0 0 0 21:00 0 0 0 0 0
21:15 0 0 1 2 3 21:15 0 0 2 0 2
21:30 0 0 0 1 1 21:30 0 0 0 1 1
21:45 0 0 0 0 0 21:45 0 0 1 0 1
22:00 1 0 1 0 2 22:00 1 0 0 0 1
22:15 0 0 0 0 0 22:15 0 0 0 0 0
22:30 0 0 0 0 0 22:30 0 0 0 0 0
22:45 0 0 0 0 0 22:45 0 0 0 0 0
23:00 0 0 0 0 0 23:00 0 0 0 0 0
23:15 0 0 0 0 0 23:15 0 0 0 0 0
23:30 0 0 1 0 1 23:30 0 0 0 0 0
23:45 0 0 0 0 0 23:45 0 0 0 1 1
TOTAL 53 20 15 56 144 50 29 12 59 150
Counts Unlimited, Inc.

PO Box 1178
Corona, CA 92878
(951) 268-6268
City:

Location:

Date:

Count Type:

Pass
Veh
Large
2 Axle 3 Axle 4+ Axle Total
Pass
Veh
Large
2 Axle 3 Axle 4+ Axle Total
0:00 0 0 0 0 0 0:00 0 0 0 0 0
0:15 0 0 0 0 0 0:15 0 0 0 0 0
0:30 0 0 0 0 0 0:30 0 0 0 0 0
0:45 0 0 0 0 0 0:45 0 0 0 0 0
1:00 0 0 0 0 0 1:00 0 0 0 0 0
1:15 0 0 0 0 0 1:15 0 0 0 0 0
1:30 0 0 0 0 0 1:30 0 0 0 0 0
1:45 0 0 0 0 0 1:45 0 0 0 0 0
2:00 0 0 0 0 0 2:00 0 0 0 0 0
2:15 0 0 0 0 0 2:15 0 0 0 0 0
2:30 0 0 0 0 0 2:30 0 0 0 0 0
2:45 0 0 0 0 0 2:45 0 0 0 0 0
3:00 0 0 0 0 0 3:00 0 0 0 0 0
3:15 0 0 0 0 0 3:15 0 0 0 0 0
3:30 0 0 0 0 0 3:30 0 0 0 0 0
3:45 1 0 0 0 1 3:45 0 0 0 0 0
4:00 1 0 0 0 1 4:00 0 0 0 0 0
4:15 0 0 0 0 0 4:15 0 0 0 1 1
4:30 0 0 0 1 1 4:30 0 0 0 0 0
4:45 0 0 0 3 3 4:45 0 0 0 0 0
5:00 0 0 0 1 1 5:00 0 0 0 0 0
5:15 0 0 0 2 2 5:15 0 0 0 1 1
5:30 0 0 0 0 0 5:30 0 0 0 1 1
5:45 4 0 0 0 4 5:45 1 0 0 1 2
6:00 0 1 0 0 1 6:00 0 0 0 2 2
6:15 0 0 0 0 0 6:15 0 0 0 1 1
6:30 1 0 0 0 1 6:30 0 0 0 2 2
6:45 3 0 0 0 3 6:45 0 0 0 0 0
7:00 1 0 0 1 2 7:00 0 0 1 0 1
7:15 0 0 0 1 1 7:15 1 1 0 0 2
7:30 1 0 0 0 1 7:30 0 0 0 0 0
7:45 1 0 0 1 2 7:45 0 0 0 1 1
8:00 1 1 0 2 4 8:00 0 0 0 1 1
8:15 1 0 0 1 2 8:15 0 0 1 1 2
8:30 1 1 0 0 2 8:30 0 0 1 0 1
8:45 1 0 0 2 3 8:45 1 0 0 0 1
9:00 1 0 0 1 2 9:00 1 0 0 1 2
9:15 2 0 0 2 4 9:15 1 0 0 1 2
9:30 0 0 1 2 3 9:30 0 0 2 2 4
9:45 2 0 0 1 3 9:45 2 0 0 2 4
10:00 0 0 0 1 1 10:00 0 0 0 0 0
10:15 2 0 0 2 4 10:15 0 0 0 1 1
10:30 1 0 0 3 4 10:30 1 0 0 2 3
10:45 1 0 1 1 3 10:45 2 0 1 0 3
11:00 3 0 0 1 4 11:00 2 0 0 3 5
11:15 0 1 0 0 1 11:15 0 0 1 0 1
11:30 0 0 0 0 0 11:30 0 0 0 0 0
11:45 0 0 0 1 1 11:45 3 1 0 0 4
Exiting
Vernon
TOTALS
Wednesday, October 11, 2023
Driveway Classification
Entering
Counts Unlimited, Inc.

PO Box 1178
Corona, CA 92878
(951) 268-6268
City:

Location:

Date:

Count Type:

Pass
Veh
Large
2 Axle 3 Axle 4+ Axle Total
Pass
Veh
Large
2 Axle 3 Axle 4+ Axle Total
Exiting
Vernon
TOTALS
Wednesday, October 11, 2023
Driveway Classification
Entering
12:00 0 1 1 1 3 12:00 0 1 1 3 5
12:15 0 0 0 0 0 12:15 1 0 0 0 1
12:30 3 0 0 1 4 12:30 1 0 0 0 1
12:45 2 0 0 0 2 12:45 0 1 0 0 1
13:00 2 0 0 2 4 13:00 0 0 0 2 2
13:15 0 0 1 1 2 13:15 0 0 1 3 4
13:30 0 0 0 1 1 13:30 2 0 0 1 3
13:45 0 0 0 1 1 13:45 0 0 0 1 1
14:00 1 0 0 0 1 14:00 1 0 0 1 2
14:15 0 1 0 0 1 14:15 0 0 0 0 0
14:30 0 0 0 0 0 14:30 0 0 0 0 0
14:45 1 0 0 1 2 14:45 2 0 0 1 3
15:00 1 0 0 1 2 15:00 0 0 0 0 0
15:15 0 1 0 0 1 15:15 1 0 0 0 1
15:30 0 1 0 4 5 15:30 0 0 1 3 4
15:45 0 1 1 0 2 15:45 1 0 0 1 2
16:00 2 1 0 0 3 16:00 0 2 0 0 2
16:15 0 0 0 0 0 16:15 5 0 1 1 7
16:30 0 0 0 2 2 16:30 2 0 0 0 2
16:45 0 0 1 1 2 16:45 4 0 3 0 7
17:00 0 0 0 0 0 17:00 1 0 0 0 1
17:15 0 0 0 1 1 17:15 1 0 0 0 1
17:30 0 0 0 0 0 17:30 0 0 1 0 1
17:45 2 0 0 0 2 17:45 1 0 0 0 1
18:00 0 0 0 0 0 18:00 0 0 0 1 1
18:15 0 0 0 0 0 18:15 1 0 0 0 1
18:30 0 0 0 0 0 18:30 2 0 0 0 2
18:45 0 0 2 0 2 18:45 0 0 1 1 2
19:00 0 0 0 0 0 19:00 1 0 0 0 1
19:15 0 0 0 0 0 19:15 1 0 0 0 1
19:30 0 0 0 0 0 19:30 0 0 0 0 0
19:45 0 0 0 0 0 19:45 0 0 0 0 0
20:00 0 0 0 0 0 20:00 0 0 0 0 0
20:15 0 0 0 0 0 20:15 0 0 0 0 0
20:30 0 0 0 0 0 20:30 0 0 0 0 0
20:45 0 0 0 0 0 20:45 0 0 0 0 0
21:00 0 0 0 1 1 21:00 0 0 0 0 0
21:15 0 0 0 0 0 21:15 0 0 1 0 1
21:30 0 0 0 0 0 21:30 0 0 0 0 0
21:45 0 0 0 0 0 21:45 0 0 0 0 0
22:00 0 0 0 0 0 22:00 0 0 0 0 0
22:15 0 0 0 0 0 22:15 0 0 0 0 0
22:30 0 0 0 0 0 22:30 0 0 0 0 0
22:45 0 0 0 0 0 22:45 0 0 0 0 0
23:00 0 0 0 0 0 23:00 0 0 0 0 0
23:15 0 0 0 0 0 23:15 0 0 0 0 0
23:30 0 0 0 0 0 23:30 0 0 0 0 0
23:45 0 0 0 0 0 23:45 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 43 10 8 48 109 43 6 17 43 109
Counts Unlimited, Inc.

PO Box 1178
Corona, CA 92878
(951) 268-6268
City:

Location:

Date:

Count Type:

Pass
Veh
Large
2 Axle 3 Axle 4+ Axle Total
Pass
Veh
Large
2 Axle 3 Axle 4+ Axle Total
0:00 0 0 0 0 0 0:00 0 0 0 0 0
0:15 0 0 0 0 0 0:15 0 0 0 0 0
0:30 0 0 0 0 0 0:30 0 0 0 0 0
0:45 0 0 1 0 1 0:45 0 0 0 1 1
1:00 0 0 0 0 0 1:00 0 0 0 0 0
1:15 0 0 0 0 0 1:15 0 0 0 0 0
1:30 0 0 0 0 0 1:30 0 0 0 0 0
1:45 0 0 0 0 0 1:45 0 0 0 0 0
2:00 0 0 0 0 0 2:00 0 0 0 0 0
2:15 0 0 0 0 0 2:15 0 0 0 0 0
2:30 0 0 0 0 0 2:30 0 0 0 0 0
2:45 0 0 0 0 0 2:45 0 0 0 0 0
3:00 0 0 0 0 0 3:00 0 0 0 0 0
3:15 0 0 0 0 0 3:15 0 0 0 0 0
3:30 0 0 0 0 0 3:30 0 0 0 0 0
3:45 1 0 0 1 2 3:45 0 0 0 0 0
4:00 0 0 0 0 0 4:00 0 0 0 0 0
4:15 0 0 0 0 0 4:15 0 0 0 0 0
4:30 1 0 0 0 1 4:30 0 0 0 1 1
4:45 0 0 0 1 1 4:45 0 0 0 1 1
5:00 0 0 0 1 1 5:00 0 0 0 0 0
5:15 0 0 0 0 0 5:15 0 0 0 0 0
5:30 0 0 0 1 1 5:30 0 0 0 2 2
5:45 1 0 0 0 1 5:45 0 0 0 0 0
6:00 2 0 1 1 4 6:00 0 0 0 1 1
6:15 0 0 0 1 1 6:15 0 0 0 0 0
6:30 0 0 1 1 2 6:30 0 0 0 0 0
6:45 0 0 1 0 1 6:45 0 0 0 1 1
7:00 3 2 0 2 7 7:00 0 0 0 0 0
7:15 2 0 0 0 2 7:15 1 0 0 2 3
7:30 1 0 0 2 3 7:30 1 0 0 3 4
7:45 2 2 0 1 5 7:45 0 1 0 0 1
8:00 0 0 0 0 0 8:00 0 0 0 0 0
8:15 1 0 0 2 3 8:15 0 0 0 0 0
8:30 1 0 0 0 1 8:30 0 0 0 0 0
8:45 1 0 0 3 4 8:45 0 0 0 1 1
9:00 2 0 0 1 3 9:00 1 0 0 3 4
9:15 2 1 0 1 4 9:15 1 1 1 0 3
9:30 1 0 0 0 1 9:30 1 0 0 3 4
9:45 0 0 0 0 0 9:45 0 0 0 0 0
10:00 0 0 0 0 0 10:00 0 0 0 0 0
10:15 0 0 0 1 1 10:15 0 0 0 2 2
10:30 0 1 0 0 1 10:30 0 0 0 0 0
10:45 0 0 1 1 2 10:45 0 1 0 0 1
11:00 2 0 0 0 2 11:00 3 0 0 0 3
11:15 0 1 0 0 1 11:15 1 0 0 1 2
11:30 0 0 0 3 3 11:30 2 0 0 0 2
11:45 1 1 0 0 2 11:45 0 2 0 0 2
Exiting
Vernon
TOTALS
Thursday, October 12, 2023
Driveway Classification
Entering
Counts Unlimited, Inc.

PO Box 1178
Corona, CA 92878
(951) 268-6268
City:

Location:

Date:

Count Type:

Pass
Veh
Large
2 Axle 3 Axle 4+ Axle Total
Pass
Veh
Large
2 Axle 3 Axle 4+ Axle Total
Exiting
Vernon
TOTALS
Thursday, October 12, 2023
Driveway Classification
Entering
12:00 2 1 0 2 5 12:00 3 2 1 2 8
12:15 3 0 1 0 4 12:15 2 0 0 0 2
12:30 1 0 0 1 2 12:30 0 0 1 1 2
12:45 0 0 0 0 0 12:45 0 0 0 1 1
13:00 1 0 0 0 1 13:00 2 0 0 0 2
13:15 2 0 0 0 2 13:15 2 1 0 0 3
13:30 0 0 0 0 0 13:30 0 0 0 0 0
13:45 0 0 0 1 1 13:45 3 0 0 1 4
14:00 0 0 0 0 0 14:00 0 0 0 1 1
14:15 0 0 0 0 0 14:15 1 0 0 0 1
14:30 3 0 0 1 4 14:30 3 0 0 1 4
14:45 1 0 2 0 3 14:45 0 0 1 0 1
15:00 0 1 0 0 1 15:00 0 1 1 1 3
15:15 1 0 1 0 2 15:15 0 0 0 0 0
15:30 0 0 1 0 1 15:30 2 0 1 0 3
15:45 0 0 0 0 0 15:45 0 0 0 0 0
16:00 0 0 1 0 1 16:00 1 0 0 0 1
16:15 0 0 0 0 0 16:15 0 0 0 0 0
16:30 0 0 0 0 0 16:30 3 0 1 0 4
16:45 0 0 0 0 0 16:45 1 0 0 0 1
17:00 0 0 0 0 0 17:00 2 0 0 0 2
17:15 0 0 0 0 0 17:15 0 0 0 0 0
17:30 1 0 0 0 1 17:30 0 0 0 0 0
17:45 0 0 0 0 0 17:45 3 0 0 0 3
18:00 0 0 0 0 0 18:00 1 0 0 0 1
18:15 0 0 0 0 0 18:15 0 0 0 0 0
18:30 0 0 1 0 1 18:30 0 0 0 0 0
18:45 0 0 0 0 0 18:45 0 0 0 1 1
19:00 0 0 0 0 0 19:00 0 0 0 0 0
19:15 0 0 0 0 0 19:15 1 0 0 0 1
19:30 1 0 0 0 1 19:30 1 1 0 0 2
19:45 0 0 0 0 0 19:45 0 0 0 0 0
20:00 0 0 0 0 0 20:00 0 0 0 0 0
20:15 0 0 0 0 0 20:15 0 0 0 0 0
20:30 0 0 1 0 1 20:30 0 0 0 1 1
20:45 0 0 0 0 0 20:45 0 0 0 0 0
21:00 0 0 0 0 0 21:00 0 0 0 0 0
21:15 0 0 0 0 0 21:15 0 0 0 0 0
21:30 0 0 0 0 0 21:30 0 0 0 0 0
21:45 0 0 0 0 0 21:45 0 0 0 0 0
22:00 0 0 0 0 0 22:00 0 0 0 0 0
22:15 0 0 1 0 1 22:15 0 0 0 0 0
22:30 0 0 0 0 0 22:30 0 0 0 1 1
22:45 0 0 0 0 0 22:45 0 0 0 0 0
23:00 0 0 0 0 0 23:00 0 0 0 0 0
23:15 0 0 0 0 0 23:15 0 0 0 0 0
23:30 0 0 0 0 0 23:30 0 0 0 0 0
23:45 0 0 0 0 0 23:45 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 40 10 14 29 93 42 10 7 33 92
Counts Unlimited, Inc.

PO Box 1178
Corona, CA 92878
(951) 268-6268
CEQA Class 2 Exemption – 5764 Alcoa Avenue
Attachments
Attachment C:

Cultural Resources Assessment
Cultural Resources Assessment for the
5764 Alcoa Avenue Project, City of Vernon, Los
Angeles County, California
Cultural Resources Assessment for the
5764 Alcoa Avenue Project, City of Vernon, Los Angeles
County, California
Prepared by:

Chronicle Heritage
Tiffany Clark, Ph.D., RPA
Scott Torres, M.A.

Prepared for:

T&B Planning, Inc.
3200 El Camino Real, Suite 100
Irvine, CA 92602
Chronicle Heritage, LLC
55 East Huntington Drive
Arcadia, California, 91006
December 8, 2023
Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project i
Management Summary
The proposed 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project (Project) involves the development of a warehouse facility on approximately 7.12 acres of land (Assessor Parcel Numbers 6310-005-003, 6310-005- 004, 6310-005-009, and 6310-005-010) along Alcoa Avenue immediately north of East Slauson Avenue in the city of Vernon, Los Angeles County, California. The proposed Project would include the demolition of the existing warehouse buildings and associated structures and construction of an approximate 155,420 square foot warehouse building. PaleoWest LLC (dba Chronicle Heritage) was contracted to conduct a cultural resource assessment of the Project area in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The City of Vernon is the Lead Agency for CEQA compliance.

This report summarizes the methods and results of the cultural resource assessment for the Project. The investigation included a record search, archival research, a site visit, and resource documentation and evaluation. The purpose of the investigation was to determine if the proposed Project will qualify for a Class 2 categorical exemption under CEQA.

This report summarizes the methods and results of the cultural resource assessment for the Project. The investigation included a record search, archival research, a site visit, and resource documentation and evaluation. The purpose of the investigation was to determine if the proposed Project will qualify for a Class 2 categorical exemption under CEQA.

As part of the background research, Chronicle Heritage conducted a records search at the South Central Coastal Information System to identify previously recorded cultural resources and studies located within 0.5-mile radius of the Project area. The records search indicated that no fewer than seven previous studies have been conducted within the record search area. Twenty-seven cultural resources have been documented within 0.5 mile of the Project area, all of which date to the historic period. No previously recorded cultural resources are mapped within the Project area.

Chronicle Heritage conducted a survey of the proposed Project area on November 7, 2023. The results of the field work effort indicate that the property is fully developed with surficial deposits across the property disturbed by the construction of existing buildings and associated structures.

No exposed native sediments were observed in the Project area.

Archival research indicates that a railroad spur and a building were both constructed in the Project area by the early 1940s . Because the two resources are more than 45 years old, they meet the minimum age requirements for consideration as potential historical resources under CEQA. The resources were documented and evaluated for significance; the evaluation found that neither resource meets the criteria for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources. Given the extent of existing disturbance, along with the lack of known archaeological sites in the Project vicinity, the property contains a relatively low sensitivity for in situ buried archaeological deposits.

Based on these results, Chronicle Heritage finds that the proposed Project will have no impact on known historical or archaeological resources under CEQA. No additional cultural resource management is recommended for the proposed Project.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project ii
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Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project iii
Contents
1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION.............................................................. 1

1.2 PROJECT PERSONNEL........................................................................................ 1

1.3 REPORT ORGANIZATION...................................................................................... 1 2 REGULATORY CONTEXT............................................................................................................ 4

2.1 CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT....................................................... 4

2.2 LOCAL ................................................................................................................ 5 3 NATURAL AND CULTURAL SETTING.......................................................................................... 6

3.1 NATURAL SETTING ............................................................................................. 6

3.2 CULTURAL SETTING ........................................................................................... 6

3.2.1 Prehistory................................................................................................ 6

3.2.2 Ethnography............................................................................................ 8

3.2.3 History .................................................................................................... 9 4 CULTURAL RESOURCE INVENTORY .........................................................................................12

4.1 PREVIOUS CULTURAL RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS .......................................... 12

4.2 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED CULTURAL RESOURCES ............................................. 12

4.3 HISTORIC MAPS AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS..................................................... 14

4.4 REVIEW OF PERMIT AND BUILDING RECORDS.................................................... 14 5 RESOURCE INVENTORY............................................................................................................15

5.1 METHODS ..........................................................................................................15

5.2 RESULTS...........................................................................................................15

5.2.1 Railroad Spur..........................................................................................15

5.2.2 5708 Alcoa Avenue..................................................................................19 6 SUMMARY................................................................................................................................ 23 7 REFERENCES CITED................................................................................................................ 24 Appendices
Appendix A. Records Search Results (Confidential)
Appendix B. DPR Resource Forms
Figures
Figure 1-1. Project vicinity map. .................................................................................................... 2 Figure 1-2. Project area map......................................................................................................... 3 Figure 5-1. Overview of Project area from Alcoa Avenue showing modern building, facing northeast. ..............................................................................................................16 Figure 5-2. Overview of graveled area in northwest corner of Project area, facing south. ..............16 Figure 5-3. Resource location map. .............................................................................................17 Figure 5-4. View of in-use railroad spur (left) and abandoned railroad spur (far right) in northern Project areas, facing east. ......................................................................................18 Figure 5-5. East Façade of building at 5708 Alcoa Avenue, facing southeast. ...............................20 Figure 5-6. East Façade showing addition on building at 5708 Alcoa Avenue, facing east..............20 Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project iv
Tables
Table 4-1. Previous Cultural Resource Studies within 0.5-Mile of the Project Area ........................ 12 Table 4-2. Previously Documented Cultural Resource Studies in 0.5 Mile of the Project Area.........13 Table 4-3. 5708 Alcoa Avenue Building Permit History ................................................................. 14 Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 1 1 Introduction
PaleoWest, LLC (dba Chronicle Heritage) was retained by T&B Planning, Inc. to conduct a cultural resource assessment for the proposed 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project (Project) in the city of Vernon, Los Angeles County, California. The proposed Project involves the redevelopment of a 7.12-acre parcel in the southern extent of the city. The Project requires compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) with the City of Vernon (City) acting as the CEQA lead agency. The purpose of the cultural resource assessment is to provide information that will be used to determine if the proposed Project will qualify for a Class 2 categorical exemption under CEQA. This report summarizes the methods and results of the culturalresource investigations conducted for the proposed Project.

1.1 Project Location and Description
The proposed Project lies along Alcoa Avenue immediately north of East Slauson Avenue in the city of Vernon (Figures 1-1 and 1-2). The Project area consists of four contiguous parcels (Assessor Parcel Numbers [APNs] 6310-005-003, 6310-005-004, 6310-005-009, and 6310-005-010) that total approximately 7.12 acres (Figure 1-2). More specifically, the Project area is in an unsectioned portion of Township 1 South, Range 13 West, San Bernardino Baseline and Meridian, as depicted on the South Gate, CA 7.5' U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic quadrangle (Figure 1-2). The elevation of the Project area is approximately 170 feet above mean sea level.

The Project proposes to construct an approximate 155,420 square foot (sf) warehouse building including 10,000 sf of office space on the approximate property. The warehouse building would provide 153 stalls for automobile parking, 7 stalls for truck trailer parking, 14 dock doors, and approximately 30,592 sf of landscaping. The Project would include demolition of the existing warehouse buildings and associated structures on the property that total approximately 145,877 sf.

1.2 Project Personnel
Tiffany Clark, Ph.D., Register of Professional Archaeologists (RPA), Regional Principal Investigator at Chronicle Heritage, served as Principal Investigator and provided senior oversight, technical expertise, and was co-authored of the report. Scott Torres, M.A., Architectural Historian at Chronicle Heritage was responsible for conducting the historic built-environment survey and was the primary author of the report. Carrie Chasteen, M.S., Senior Architectural Historian, completed the record search of the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) and conducted senior technical review of the report. Brian Spelts served as the GIS analyst.

1.3 Report Organization
This report documents the results of the cultural resource assessment conducted for the proposed Project. Chapter 1 has introduced the Project location and description. Chapter 2 states the regulatory context for the Project. Chapter 3 synthesizes the natural and cultural setting of the Project area and surrounding region. The results of the previous cultural investigations are presented in Chapter 4. The field methods employed during this investigation and the findings are presented in Chapter 5. Management recommendations are provided in Chapter 6. These are followed by bibliographic references and appendices.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 2 Figure 1-1. Project vicinity map.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 3 Figure 1-2. Project area map.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 4 2 Regulatory Context
This section includes a discussion of the applicable laws, ordinances, regulations, and standards governing cultural resources that may pertain to the proposed Project.

2.1 California Environmental Quality Act
The proposed Project is subject to compliance with CEQA, as amended. Compliance with CEQA statutes and guidelines requires both public and private projects with financing or approval from a public agency to assess the project’s impact on cultural resources (Public Resources Code Section 21082, 21083.2 and 21084 and California Code of Regulations 10564.5). The first step in the process is to identify cultural resources that may be impacted by the project and then determine whether the resources are “historically significant” resources.

CEQA defines historically significant resources as “resources listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR)” (Public Resources Code Section 5024.1). A cultural resource may be considered historically significant if the resource is 45 years old or older and possesses integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.1 In addition, it must meet any of the following criteria for listing on the CRHR:

1. Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage;

2. Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past;

3. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values; or,

4. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history (Public Resources Code Section 5024.1).

Cultural resources are buildings, sites, humanly modified landscapes, traditional cultural properties, structures, or objects that may have historical, architectural, cultural, or scientific importance. A resource can also be determined historically significant under CEQA by virtue of being included in a local register of historical resources regardless of CRHR eligibility (see Title 14 CCR §15064.5(a)(2)). CEQA states that if a project will have a significant impact on important cultural resources, deemed “historically significant,” then project alternatives and mitigation measures must be considered. Additionally, the Office of Historic Preservation (OHP) may choose to comment on the CEQA compliance process for specific local government projects in an informal capacity but does not seek to review all projects that may affect historically significant cultural resources under CEQA provisions.
1 The Office of Historic Preservation (OHP) guidelines recognize a 45-year-old criteria threshold for documenting and evaluating cultural resources (assumes a 5-year lag between resource identification and the date that planning decisions are made) (OHP 1995:2). The age threshold is an operational guideline and not specific to CEQA statutory or regulatory codes.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 5 2.2 Local
The City has goals and policies related to historic preservation in the Resource Element of their General Plan (City of Vernon 2015). The following presents the goals and policies related to cultural resources.

GOAL R-4 Recognize and preserve Vernon’s contributions to the industrial and architectural history of Los Angeles.

POLICY R-4.1: Expand available cultural resource information by establishing a Citymaintained database of historic sites and facilities.

POLICY R-4.2: Support the efforts of interested agencies or private organizations to undertake surveys or other research efforts to document buildings and places in Vernon of historic and/or architectural significance.

POLICY R-4.3: Ensure compliance with CEQA provisions regarding cultural resources at the time buildings or places of identified or potential historic or architectural merit are proposed for demolition.

POLICY R-4.4: Establish local programs and practices that recognize places of local or other historic significance.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 6 3 Natural and Cultural Setting

3.1 Natural Setting
The Project area is in the Los Angeles Basin, a sedimentary depression currently composed of coastal lowlands areas. The Los Angeles Basin can be further divided into four structural blocks:
the northeastern block, the northwestern block, the central block, and the southwestern block.

The Project area is on the northern edge of the southwestern block of the Los Angeles Basin, which is bounded on the north by the Santa Monica system and on the east by the NewportInglewood fault system. The southwestern block is underlain by late Jurassic to late Cretaceous basement rocks that form anticlinal ridges on top of which thick, mostly marine younger geologic units have been deposited since the Oligocene (33.9 to 23 million years ago) (Norris and Webb 1990).

Prior to the development of the area, the dominant plant community consist of coastal sage scrub, freshwater and salt marshes, and riparian woodlands. Common flora found within a coastal sage scrub community consist of California sagebrush (Artemisia californica), black sage (Salvia mellifera), white sage (Salvia apiana), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), coast brittlebush (Encelia californica), golden yarrow (Eriophyllum confertifolium), and lemonade berry (Rhus integrifolia).

3.2 Cultural Setting

3.2.1 Prehistory
The most widely used chronological sequence in the Project vicinity distinguishes Early, Middle, and Late periods. It was initially outlined by King (1981) and later revised to include additional radiocarbon dates (King 1990) and to incorporate refinements in our understanding of cultural developments (Arnold 1992).

Early Holocene
Archaeological data compiled over the last two decades indicate that initial settlement along the coast of Southern California began at least 12,000 years before present (B.P.). Some of the earliest evidence of human occupation specifically derives from Daisy Cave (CA-SMI-261) on San Miguel Island where radiocarbon samples date the oldest cultural layer at the site between 11,550–10,950 cal B.P. (Erlandson et al. 1996).

In the Southern California coastal region, the discovery of fluted projectile points indicates human use of the area possibly as early as possibly 13,000 B.P. (Erlandson et al. 1996; Stickel 2010), while sites on San Miguel and Santa Rosa islands have yielded radiocarbon dates older than 10,000 B.P. (Erlandson 1991; Johnson et al. 2001). However, few known sites date to this earliest period (i.e., pre-10,000 B.P.) and relatively few sites have been identified specifically within the Los Angeles Basin that date to the early Holocene. The earliest evidence of human occupation in the Los Angeles region is represented by a set of female human remains that were discovered in association with a handstone in the tar pits of Rancho La Brea in 1914 (Merriam 1914). Possible low population densities may explain the scarcity of sites dating to the early Holocene in the region, but the few known sites do suggest that they tend to be on elevated landforms, and their presence on the Northern Channel Islands indicates early knowledge and use of marine resources.

Diagnostic tools associated with this period for coastal California have not been identified and Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 7 cultural assemblages dating to this period have fewer of the grinding implements common to subsequent periods. Research suggests that inhabitants of this period lived in small groups that had a relatively egalitarian social organization and a forager-type land-use strategy (Erlandson 1994; Glassow 1996; Greenwood 1972; Moratto 1984).

Middle Holocene
Shortly after 9,000 B.P., sites in the coastal region begin to be characterized by an abundance in milling tools, and the broader subsistence regime, including use of plants and seeds, terrestrial animals, and shellfish (Glassow 1996; Glassow et al. 1988; Sutton and Gardner 2010). Increasing populations composed of small, dispersed groups with more generalized tool kits, and a mixed subsistence regime indicating a heavier reliance on shellfish than on fish and terrestrial food sources are also identifiers of the period (Erlandson 1991, 1994, 1997). Population densities appear to have decreased substantially between 6500–5000 B.P. throughout the region, and little is known about this period. It has been suggested that the arid conditions associated with the Altithermal (a mid-Holocene period of predominantly warm/dry climate) damaged the environment to the point that only low population densities were sustainable (Glassow 1996; Glassow and Wilcoxon 1988).

After 5000 B.P., population densities increased significantly as conditions became cooler and moister. Between 5000–3000 B.P., mortars and pestles became increasingly common throughout the region, suggesting intensified use of acorns (Basgall 1987) and possibly the pulpy roots or tubers (Glassow 1997). Large side-notched and stemmed projectile points became more prevalent, presumably reflecting increased hunting. 1996).

Coastal and inland sites of this period exhibit shallow midden accumulations, suggesting seasonal camping. Based on the distribution of sites assigned to this period, larger groups likely occupied a base camp during a portion of the year, while smaller groups of people used satellite camps to exploit seasonally available floral resources such as grass seeds, berries, tubers, and nuts (cf.

Binford 1980; Warren 1968). Site assemblages in coastal Southern California dating to this time contain numerous manos and metates, charmstones, cogged stones, discoidals, and some stone balls. A significant technological change in ground stone is seen at this time with the appearance of mortars and pestles which suggests the adoption of acorn, nut, and seed processing by coastal groups (Sutton and Gardner 2010). The quantity of projectile points also increases during this time, indicating a subsistence shift toward greater reliance on large game. Burial practices also suggest that society was primarily egalitarian (Glassow 1996). Secondary burials among coastal communities continue to be the dominant mortuary regime with a smaller number of flexed inhumations during the Middle Holocene.

Late Holocene
Cultural complexity appears to have increased around 3000–2500 B.P. Mortuary data research suggests a substantial change in social organization and political complexity during this period (King 1990). According to King, high-status positions became hereditary and individuals began to accumulate wealth and control exchange systems. Arnold (1991, 1992) proposes that this evolutionary step in socioeconomic complexity occurred around 700–800 B.P. Technological innovation as well as a continued increase in cultural complexity marks the period between 2,500 and 800 B.P. Fishing and sea mammal hunting became increasingly important. This corresponds to the development of the tomol (plank canoe), single-piece shell fishhooks, and harpoons (Glassow 1996; King 1990). In addition, the bow and arrow were introduced during this period. Use of imported obsidian continued to increase during this period as well (Jones et al. 2007).

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 8 A number of these new cultural traits have been thought to be attributable to the arrival of Takic speaking people from the southern San Joaquin Valley in the coastal California region (Sutton 2009). Biological, archaeological, and linguistic data indicate that the Takic groups who settled in the Los Angeles Basin were ethnically distinct from the indigenous Hokan-speaking Topanga populations. These Takic speakers are believed to be ancestral to the ethnographic Gabrielino groups (Sutton 2009).

Due to the archaeological evidence gathered it is suggested that Hokan-speaking groups were largely replaced or subsumed by the Gabrielino and Chumash by 2000 B.P. (Sutton and Gardner 2010). Several new types of material cultural appear in the archaeological record during 700 B.C.– A.D. 1800, including the presence of Cottonwood series points, birdstone and “spike” effigies, Olivella cupped beads, and Mytilus shell disk beads. Additionally, the presence of Southwestern pottery, Patayan ceramic figurines, and Hohokam shell bracelets at some of these later sites suggests interaction between populations in Southern California and the Southwest. Additionally, potential changes in trade networks at this time may be evidenced by an increase in the number and size of steatite artifacts, including large vessels, elaborate effigies, and comals in the archaeological record.

3.2.2 Ethnography
The prehistory of California’s coast spans the entire Holocene and may extend back to late Pleistocene times. At the time of contact however, the ethnographic record indicates that the Gabrielino populations inhabited what is now known as the Los Angeles Basin and the Project region. Traditionally, the Gabrielino occupied a large territory, including the entire Los Angeles Basin, the coast from Malibu to Aliso Creek, parts of the Santa Monica Mountains, the San Fernando Valley, the San Gabriel Valley, the San Bernardino Valley, the northern part of the Santa Ana Mountains, and much of the middle and lower Santa Ana River reaches. In addition, the Gabrielino also inhabited the islands of Santa Catalina, San Clemente, and San Nicolas. The Gabrielino language was a Cupan language which is part of the Takic language family and part of a larger language group called Uto-Aztecan (Harrington 1981, Kroeber 1925).

It is believed that more than 50 communities with populations that ranged from 50–150 individuals inhabited the traditional territory of the Gabrielino pre-contact. Each autonomous community or village consisted of one or more patrilineages that maintained permanent placement and the maintenance of surrounding hunting and gathering areas, and ceremonial sites as well. The chief, his family, and elite members were typically the epicenter of the village sites. The village members would encompass and surround the homes of the chief and elite with smaller houses/structures.

Other common structures found in Gabrielino villages included sweathouses, clearings for ceremonies and playing fields, as well as cemeteries or burial grounds (McCawley 1996:32–33).

Management of food and resources was implemented by the chief and food stores were also kept for each family when supply was low.

The material culture of the Gabrielino is elaborate and has been compared to that of the Chumash.

Sources including Padre Geronimo Boscana’s accounts (Boscana 1846), Hugo Reid’s 1852 letters to the Los Angeles Star (Reid and Heizer 1968), and Harrington’s (Harrington 1981) early twentieth century interviews describe the common use of shell ornaments and beads, baskets, bone tools, flint weapons and drills, fishhooks, mortars and pestles, wooden bowls and paddles, shell spoons, wooden war clubs, and a variety of steatite items (cooking vessels, comals, ornaments) as many of artifact types common in descriptions of Gabrielino culture (Blackburn 1963). Additionally, artesian development has been observed in the artifact assemblage with the implementation of inlaid with shell (using asphalt) and in the steatite items from production centers on Catalina Island.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 9 Trade was an important element of the Gabrielino economy. Although the principal Gabrielinoproduced commodity—steatite vessels from centers on Catalina Island—originated well outside the defined study region, trade in steatite items was conducted throughout local territory and involved external relations with desert, Southwestern, mountain, and coastal groups beyond Gabrielino borders (Kroeber 1925). Subsistence resources were also supplemented by additional supplies of deer skins, seeds, and acorns from interior groups such as the Serrano (Kroeber 1925:629).

Additionally, Olivella shell callus beads, manufactured on the northern Channel Islands by the Chumash and their predecessors, were reportedly used quite frequently as a currency or as a status symbol by the Gabrielino and other Southern California groups.

As described in ethnographic sources, the subsistence resource base for the Gabrielino people included native grass seeds, six or more types of acorns, pinyon pine nuts, seeds and berries from various shrubs, fresh greens and shoots, mule deer, pronghorn, mountain sheep, rabbits and rodents, quail and waterfowl, snakes, lizards, insects, and freshwater fish, plus a wide variety of marine fish, shellfish, and sea mammals in coastal zones. Resource exploitation techniques were also described in ethnographic accounts and include rabbit drives in conjunction with seasonal controlled burning of chaparral, and the use of throwing sticks or nets in the capture of waterfowl in the low-lying marshlands. Reed rafts may have been employed for marshland hunting (Priestley 1937).

The first contact between the Europeans and the Gabrielino is thought to have occurred in 1542 when Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo’s small fleet arrived at Santa Catalina Island when the Spanish exploration of North America began in the early 1500s, and Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo began exploring the Alta California coastline in 1542. Additionally, contact with the Gabrieleno by the Spanish likely occurred again in 1602 with the Sebastían Vizcaíno expedition (McCawley 1996:207) and in 1769 with the Gaspar de Portolá expedition.

Mission San Gabriel was founded on September 8, 1771, but moved to its present location around 1774, due to the second location consisting of more suitable land for agriculture. A second mission, San Fernando, was established within Gabrielino territory in 1797. The assimilation of the Gabrielino people into the mission system had gross negative affect on the traditional Gabrielino communities as they were depopulated, had become estranged from many of their traditional cultural practices, their lands, political autonomy, and had even become enslaved and even killed, and suffered from epidemics caused by the introduction of European diseases further reduced the indigenous population. Between 1832 and 1834, as the primary result of secularization of the former mission lands, which was theoretically designed to turn over ownership of some of the lands back to the Native peoples of California, consequently increased the displacement of the Gabrielino (McCawley 1996:208). The establishment of California as a state in 1850 brought further hardships to the Gabrielino, forcing many to eventually settle into smaller groups of Native American and Mexican settlements in places like the Eagle Rock and Highland Park districts of Los Angeles as well as in Pauma, Pala, Temecula, Pechanga, and San Jacinto.

3.2.3 History
Spanish exploration of North America in the early 1500s marked some of the first European contact with the indigenous peoples in the Los Angeles area. The mission system was established by the Catholic Church and the Spaniards to settle, colonize the Native Americans to utilize their labor to develop the lands, and spread Catholicism from Baja California to what is known today as northern California. The first mission was established in 1769 in present-day San Diego. The mission system’s goal was for each mission to be self-sustaining. This required the conversion of indigenous peoples to claim lands in the name of Spain and required the Native American Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 10 population to grow crops, raise livestock, and sustain the mission settlement and provide commodities for trade. The Mission San Gabriel Archangel was the fourth mission established in Alta California in 1771. The Native Americans that traditionally inhabited the region of the Project were assimilated into the Mission San Gabriel.

In addition to establishing the mission system in 1779, Spanish settlement of Alta California also included the establishment of pueblos and presidios. These settlements were used as bases from which to colonize the rest of California. The Spanish also laid out pueblos, or towns along the coast. Providing supplies, animals, and colonists to the Spanish missions and presidios by way of ship was difficult, time-consuming, expensive, and dangerous. Thus, an overland route was necessary to initiate a strong colonizing effort in Alta California. The city of Los Angeles was initially established by a mixed group of settlers, known as the Pobladores, as a pueblo in 1781 (Starr 2005:37). The original site of the plaza was constructed within the Los Angeles River floodplain but was moved to its current location after flooding a quickly became a center for economic, political, and social/cultural activities.

Although much of the land in California was under the supervision of the Spanish missions, the Spanish government also granted lands to individuals who had served the government (Beedle et al. 2008). Portions of present-day city of Vernon were part of a 29,513-acre land grant, known as Rancho San Antonio, which was given to Corporal Antonio Maria Lugo in 1810 (Avina 1932; Barrows 1896). Mexico achieved independence from Spain in 1821. In 1838, the Mexican Governor Juan B.

Alvarado confirmed the land grant to Antonio Maria Lugo.

The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War, took place between 1846 and 1848.

One key battle in the war – the Battle of La Mesa –was fought in the Project vicinity on January 9, 1847. During the battle, the U.S. General Stephen W. Kearny defeated the Mexican General José María Flores, who later fled southeast to Sonora. With the signing of the Treaty of GuadalupeHidalgo on February 2, 1848, California formally became an American territory, and two years later, on September 9, 1850, California became the thirty-first state in the Union. Prior to becoming a state, California was divided into 27 counties, and Los Angeles was one of them. In those two years (1848–1850) there was an influx of Americans to California seeking their fortunes, triggered by James Marshall’s 1848 discovery of gold at Sutter’s Mill. However, statehood and an extensive drought in the 1860s eventually ended the prosperity of the ranchos (Beedle et al. 2008).

Development boom also occurred with the establishment of rail lines in California that made stagecoach companies obsolete. The establishment of a Southern Pacific Railroad and its completed Los Angeles route in 1880 and the Santa Fe Railway in 1886. Banning also successfully lobbied for a branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad to connect the port to Los Angeles. The establishment of these rail lines further boosted Los Angeles’ role in the economic development of Southern California and the United States (Starr 2005:114–118).

The city of Vernon was founded in 1905 by ranchers James J. and Thomas J. Furlong and John B.

Leonis, a merchant (City of Vernon 2023). Recognizing the importance of the three major railroads running through the area, Leonis persuaded railroad executives to run a network of spur tracks off the main rail lines in the area southeast of downtown Los Angeles. Known as the first "exclusively industrial" city in the southwestern United States, Leonis named the new city after a dirt road, Vernon Avenue, which crossed its center.

As industry slowly developed in the area, the founders of the city decided to market Vernon as a "Sporting Town." In 1907, on land leased from Leonis, an entrepreneur named Jack Doyle opened the Vernon Avenue Arena where 20-round world championship fights were held starting in 1908 Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 11 (City of Vernon 2023). Soon after, the Pacific Coast League built a ballpark for baseball. The Vernon Tigers won three Consecutive league pennants.

After 1919, Vernon returned to being exclusively industrial (City of Vernon 2023). With the opening of two giant stockyards, meat packing quickly became the City’s signature industry. In the 1920s and 30s, heavy industries such as steel (U.S. and Bethlehem), aluminum (Alcoa), glass (Owens), canmaking (American Can) and automobile production (Studebaker) grew in the city. The 1940s and 1950s added aerospace contractors (Norris Industries), box and paper manufacturers, drug companies (Brunswig), and food processors (General Mills, Kal Kan) (Los Angeles Daily News 1943).

Giant meat packers (Farmer John and Swift) continued to grow.

Throughout the twentieth century, Vernon’s industries have changed in response to broader economic changes in Southern California. However, the City has maintained its focus on providing a favorable environment for business and remains an ideal location for industry (City of Vernon 2023). Today, Vernon houses more than 1,800 businesses that employ approximately 50,000 people, serving as a vital economic engine in the region (City of Vernon 2023).

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 12 4 Cultural Resource Inventory
Chronicle Heritage conducted an in-person records search at the SCCIC, housed at California State University, Fullerton on November 6, 2023. This inventory effort included the Project area along with a corresponding 0.5-mile buffer, collectively termed the records search area. The objective of the SCCIC records search was to identify cultural resources that have been previously recorded within the records search area during prior investigations.

As part of the cultural resources inventory, Chronicle Heritage staff also conducted archival research to characterize the developmental history of the Project area, A summary of the results of the record search and background research is provided below.

4.1 Previous Cultural Resource Investigations
The data review indicates that no fewer than seven previous investigations have been conducted within 0.5 mile of the Project area since 1994 (Table 4-1). None of the prior cultural resource studies included the Project area. A map showing the location of the prior cultural studies is provided in Appendix A.

Table 4-1. Previous Cultural Resource Studies within 0.5-Mile of the Project Area Report Number Author Year Title
LA-3408 Stickel, E. Gary 1994 A Cultural Resource Literature Search for the Rio Hondo Water Reclamation Program
LA-04834 Jones & Stokes
Associates, Inc. 1999
Cultural Resources Inventory Report for Williams
Communications, Inc. Proposed Fiber Optic Cable
System Installation Project, Los Angeles to Anaheim,
Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California
LA-06357 Christy, Juliet L. 2001 Malburg Generating Station Project, Vernon, California LA-09638 Wlodarski, Robert 2009 Proposed Bechtel Wireless Telecommunications Site EL 0324 (Leonis Substation)
LA-10539 Parsons 2003 Malburg Generating Station Cultural Resources Inventory and Evaluation Report
LA-10962 Bonner, Wayne 2011
Cultural Resources Records Search and Site Visit
Results for AT7T Mobility, LLC Facility EL 0324-02, USID 103391
LA-12987 Brunzell, David 2014
Cultural Resources Assessment of the Compton College
Project, Long Beach, Los Angeles County, California
(BCR Consulting Project No. TRF1415)

4.2 Previously Recorded Cultural Resources
The review of the record search data indicate that 27 cultural resources have been previously documented within 0.5 mile of the Project area (Table 4-2). All these resources date to the historic period and include 25 buildings, 1 structure, and 1 district. No prehistoric archaeological resources were identified within the record search area. None of the documented historic-era resources are in the proposed Project area. A map showing the locations of the resources are provided in Appendix A.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 13 Table 4-2. Previously Documented Cultural Resource Studies in 0.5 Mile of the Project Area Primary No. Resource Type Resource Description
P-19-186110 Structure Union Pacific Railroad
P-19-188181 Building Huntington Park High School Pool Building P-19-188728 District Vernon Historic District
P-19-188736 Building Commercial building at 3089 East Slauson Avenue P-19-188737 Building Commercial building at 5800 South Boyle Avenue P-19-188738 Building Commercial building at 6001 State Street P-19-188739 Building Single-family residence at 6009 State Street P-19-188740 Building Commercial building at 6013 State Street P-19-188741 Building Multi-family residence at 6023 State Street P-19-188742 Building Multi-family residence at 3081 East 60th Place P-19-188743 Building Commercial building at 6069 State Street P-19-188744 Building Commercial building at 5008 South Boyle Avenue P-19-188745 Building Multi-family residence at 3210 Randolph Street P-19-188746 Building Multi-family residence at 6003 Hood Avenue P-19-188747 Building Multi-family residence at 6204 Hood Avenue P-19-188748 Building Multi-family residence at 3264 Randolph Street P-19-188749 Building Commercial building at 5503 South Boyle Avenue P-19-188750 Building Commercial building at 5511 South Boyle Avenue P-19-188751 Building Commercial building at 5601 South Boyle Avenue P-19-188752 Building Commercial building at 5215 South Boyle Avenue P-19-188753 Building Industrial building at 3200 Fruitland Avenue P-19-188754 Building Commercial building at 5401 South Boyle Avenue P-19-188755 Building Commercial building at 5100 South Boyle Avenue P-19-188756 Building Commercial building at 3063 Fruitland Avenue P-19-188758 Building Commercial building at 5875 South Boyle Avenue P-19-188759 Building Multi-family residence at 6203 Newell Street P-19-188760 Building Commercial building at 6061 State Street Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 14 4.3 Historic Maps and Aerial Photographs
Historical topographic maps and aerial photographs were reviewed as part of the background research. Historic maps that were consulted include the Downey, CA (1896, 1902, 1942) 15-minute, Southern California Sheet 1, CA (1901, 1904) 1 degree x 2 degrees, Watts, CA (1923, 1924, 1937) 7.5- minute, Fruitland, CA (1943) 30-minute, and South Gate, CA (1949, 1952, 1964, 2012) 7.5-minute USGS topographic quadrangles. Aerial photographs available at NETROnline (2023) dated 1948, 1952, 1963, 1972, 1980, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020 were also reviewed.

In the late 1900s, the Los Angeles Terminal Line of the Union Pacific Railroad had been constructed east of the Project. Although no development is present in the Project area, scattered buildings and roadways are shown in the vicinity, including the community of Fruitland to the north (USGS 1896). By the early 1920s, a series of railroad spurs had been constructed that ran west from the Union Pacific Railroad north of Slauson Avenue; sections of two of these spurs lie in the Project area. A 1924 map depicts two buildings in the Project area (USGS 1924). By 1937, the Project area contained seven buildings with a transmission line running along its eastern boundary (USGS 1937).

The earliest aerial photograph of the Project area dates to 1948 and shows the property as fully developed with a complex of industrial buildings and the railroad spur (NETROnline 2023).

Additional buildings were constructed in the 1950s and 1960s. Most of these buildings were demolished between 1993 and 1994 with only three buildings remaining in the northwestern extent of the Project area (5700, 5704, and 5708 Alcoa Avenue) (NETROnline 2023). New industrial buildings appear in the northeast and southern portions of the Project area in the late 1990s.

Although the original buildings at 5700 Alcoa Avenue and 5704 Alcoa Avenue were demolished after 2020, the building at 5708 Alcoa Avenue is still standing.

4.4 Review of Permit and Building Records
The Los Angeles County Assessor records revealed that the extant building at 5708 Alcoa Avenue was constructed in 1941. Because the original building permit from the City could not be located, the architect associated with the building design and the contractor associated with construction are not known. A newspaper article indicates the building sustained substantial fire damage in 1945 and may have been re-constructed (Pasadena Star News 1945). No building permits were found that identified re-construction or repairs associated with fire damage. The permit record includes alterations that took place between 1976 and 2016 (Table 4-3). City building permit records indicate a second fire took place sometime between 2015 and 2016. No information regarding the fire was found in local newspaper publications.

Table 4-3. 5708 Alcoa Avenue Building Permit History
Permit No. Year Work Completed
31365 1976 Permit issued to complete a roof repair.

N/A 1977 Permit issued for inspection to determine compliance with City ordinance. 43428 1977 Permit issued to foundation support repair.
52057 1985 Permit issued to add a T-bar to office ceiling.

B-2016-1520 2016 Permit issued to replace charred rafters and roofing material due to fire damage.

B-2016-1645 2016 Permit issued to complete a roofing repair associated with fire damage.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 15 5 Resource Inventory

5.1 Methods
Mr. Torres conducted a site visit of the Project area on November 7, 2023. As part of this field work effort, the current site conditions were assessed, including the extent of exposed ground surface across the subject parcel. Notes and photographs of the standing buildings, as well as overviews of the Project site, were taken during the visit.

5.2 Results
Results of the field visit indicate that the Project area is fully developed. No areas of undisturbed native ground surface were present in the Project area. Much of the ground surface is obscured by extant buildings, pavement, and gravel (Figure 5-1 and 5-2). Based on these findings, Chronicle Heritage concluded that an archaeological survey of the Project area was not warranted.

Chronicle Heritage documented two historic-era resources in the Project area – the Union Pacific Railroad spur and the commercial building at 5708 Alcoa Avenue (Figure 5-3). Archival information indicates that the railroad spur was in use by the early 1920s (USGS 1923) with the building constructed in 1941 (Los Angeles County Assessors 2023). Because the spur and building are more than 45 years of age, they meet the minimum age guidelines to be considered a historic property under the CRHR. A description and significance evaluation of the two historic-era resources are provided below. Department of Parks and Recreation 523 forms are included in Appendix B.

5.2.1 Railroad Spur
This resource consists of portions of an intact and abandoned railroad spur track located north of East Slauson Avenue and south of Fruitland Avenue (Figure 5-3). Based on historic topographic maps, the structure was constructed by 1923 and was one of a series of railroad spurs in this area that ran west from the Union Pacific Railroad to access industrial and commercial businesses. The intact spur track measures approximately 320 feet in length and consists of a single standard gauge set of tracks with wooden ties; the spur runs in a northwest-southeast direction with the track terminating at the edge of a transmission line easement (Figure 5-3). A hand switch just east of Alcoa Avenue appears to have been used to direct rail cars off the main spur into an adjacent oil and lubricant manufacturing facility (Figure 5-4). A second set of tracks branches off from the main spur immediately east of Alcoa Avenue and runs in an arc for a distance of 380 feet. The tracks have been partially paved over with only the rails visible from the ground surface.

The railroad spurs are associated are part of the Union Pacific and San Pedro, Los Angeles, & Salt Lake Railroad. The San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad Company, incorporated in Utah on March 20, 1901. The railroad operated between Los Angeles and Salt Lake City via Las Vegas. It originated as a small line, the Los Angeles Terminal Railway, which was incorporated in 1890. The San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad was owned by the U.S. Senator from Montana, William Andrews Clark. Competition between the San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad to build a route between Southern California and Salt Lake through Las Vegas ended in 1903 when Senator Clark sold Union Pacific Railroad a half interest in the San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake and its subsidiaries. The two companies agreed to proceed jointly in the construction of the line. In May 1905, construction of the main line was completed between Los Angeles and Las Vegas and from Salt Lake City to Las Vegas. A joint trackage agreement Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 16 Figure 5-1. Overview of Project area from Alcoa Avenue showing modern building, facing northeast.

Figure 5-2. Overview of graveled area in northwest corner of Project area, facing south.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 17 Figure 5-3. Resource location map.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 18 Figure 5-4. View of in-use railroad spur (left) and abandoned railroad spur (far right) in northern Project areas, facing east.
allowed the railroad to use Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway tracks over the Cajon Pass. San Pedro was dropped from the corporate name effective August 25, 1916. On April 27, 1921, Union Pacific purchased the remaining half of Senator Clark's holdings in the railroad. The Los Angeles and Salt Lake remained the official name of the "Salt Lake Route," until it was formally merged into the Union Pacific (effective January 1, 1988).

CRHR Evaluation
A previous evaluation of the Union Pacific railroad system was completed by Jones and Stokes (Ashkar 1999). The evaluation concluded that the entire railroad system in the Los Angeles area was eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under criteria A and B. As the railroad was determined eligible for listing on the NRHP, it is automatically eligible for listing on the California Register of Historic Places (CRHR) under criterion 1 and 2. However, the portions of the rail line in the Project area does not appear to be significant. The following presents a CRHR evaluation of the switch track and spur lines in which the potential of the features to contribute to the overall eligibility of the railroad property is assessed.

Criterion 1
A review of historic aerial images and topographic maps indicates that the spur lines were constructed by the early 1920s to service the industrial businesses along Alcoa Avenue. The spur no longer appears to be operational and at least one segment has been partially paved over. Aside from the rails, ties, and manual switch, no other railroad-related features are associated with the resource. No information was found to indicate that this minor section of railroad and spur line was historically significant in local, statewide, or national contexts. Because the spur was built Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 19 after the construction of the Union Pacific Railroad, it cannot be associated with any events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history. Therefore, the railroad spur does not appear to contribute to the overall eligibility of the Union Pacific Railroad under CRHR Criterion 1.

Criterion 2
Although the Union Pacific Railroad is eligible under Criterion 2 for its association with the lives of persons who are important in our past, the individuals who built the spur or sponsored its construction are not known. Because no known individuals significant to the past are associated with the construction or operation of the railroad spur, the resource does not appear to contribute to the overall eligibility of the Union Pacific Railroad under CRHR Criterion 2.

Criterion 3
The spur is no longer in use with portions of the tracks having been paved over. No evidence was found in the archival records to suggest that the spur was designed by a master engineer.

Additionally, no evidence was found to suggest that the builders employed unusual or unique construction techniques. All indications are that the techniques and materials used were typical of railroad spurs of the time. The railroad spur does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period or method of construction, or represent the work of a master, or possess high artistic values, or possess any significant distinguishable components. Therefore, the railroad spur does not appear to contribute to the overall eligibility of the Union Pacific Railroad under Criterion 3.

Criterion 4
The railroad spur does not have potential to yield information important in prehistory or history.

Archival research potential for the railroad spur has been exhausted, and the path of the spur is fairly well documented in the archival record. The railroad spur cannot provide additional historically important information, and there is no potential for it to provide additional information that is not already represented in the archival record. Therefore, the railroad spur does not appear to contribute to the overall eligibility of the Union Pacific Railroad under Criterion 4.

5.2.2 5708 Alcoa Avenue
The commercial concrete block and brick building at 5708 Alcoa Avenue is a rather modest example of an industrial Streamline Moderne style building (Figure 5-5). It is partially clad in stucco and features a flat roof. The building has an asymmetrical footprint and is 15,952 sf in size (Los Angeles County Assessor 2023). Notable style elements include radiused corners on the entryway of the building, radiused ribbon of windows, and a vertical blade sign (Figure 5-5).

Building records revealed that the industrial building was constructed in 1941 (Los Angeles County Assessor 2023). The original building permit from the City was not available for review and archival research found no information on the architect associated with the building design or the contractor associated with its construction. A newspaper article indicates that the building sustained substantial fire damage in 1945 and may have been re-constructed (Pasadena Star News 1945); no building permits associated with the re-construction or repairs associated with fire damage were located during the archival review. An addition was constructed onto the southern side of building in 1951 (Figure 5-6) (Los Angeles County Assessor 2023). The permit record includes several additional alterations were completed to the property between 1975 and 2016 (Los Angeles County Assessor 2023). Based on a review of the City building permit records, a fire took place at the building sometime between 2015 and 2016.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 20 Figure 5-5. East Façade of building at 5708 Alcoa Avenue, facing southeast.

Figure 5-6. East Façade showing addition on building at 5708 Alcoa Avenue, facing east.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 21 Although the original use of the building is not known, a newspaper article indicates it housed the “Modern Foundry and Pattern Making Company”, which served as a “war plant” in 1945 (Pasadena Star News 1945). Additional employment advertisements for the property were found dating between 1941 and 1960; these advertisements were for tool and pattern making trades but no company name or ownership information was provided. The oldest building permit available indicate that the building was occupied by Westco Forest Products between 1975 and 1977. The building permits from this time period also identified Seymour Lehrer as the owner of business. No additional information was found regarding the life of Seymour Lehrer. A building permit revealed that the building was occupied in 1985 by “Baskets Unlimited” and the listed owner of the business was W.M. Zimmer. The permit also revealed the building was used for storage. Building permits show that in 2016, the property was occupied by Royal Roofing and the business was owned by Tom Beattie. No additional information regarding the current tenants and building ownership was available for review.

CRHR Evaluation
Criterion 1
The subject property does not appear to be a significant building in the city of Vernon or Los Angeles County. Archival research did not provide any information to indicate that the commercial/industrial building was associated with an event or pattern of events pertinent to industrial development in the city. Industrial development in the area began shortly after the city was incorporated in 1905 and was well established by the early 1940s. The building was constructed in 1941 and does not appear to be associated with significant industrial commerce. A newspaper article claimed the building served as a “war plant” in 1945 but no information was found regarding what specific products that were manufactured at the facility. It appears that the subject property may have manufactured products in to support the Military Industrial Complex for the duration of World War II. However, industrial manufacturing in support of the war was not a unique occurrence within a larger national and statewide context. Furthermore, no additional records were found to indicate that the building was a major industrial contributor to the war effort between 1941 and 1945. Therefore, it does not appear to be eligible for listing in the CRHR under Criterion 1.

Criterion 2
Research does not indicate the subject property is associated with a person or persons of historic significance at the local, state, or national level. Therefore, the buildings are not eligible for listing in the CRHR under Criterion 2.

Criterion 3
The subject property is a modest example of a Streamline Moderne building. Archival research found no information on the architect or builder associated with the design and construction.

Based on the modest design elements and common building materials used, the building does not reflect the work of a master architect and builder. The building sustained substantial fire damage in 1945 and may have been re-constructed; no building permits were found that identified reconstruction or repairs associated with fire damage. The building does not appear to be an excellent example of a Streamline Moderne style and does not appear to be a significant building project in the city. Therefore, the building is not eligible for listing in the CRHR under Criterion 3.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 22 Criterion 4
The additional study of the historic building at 5708 Alcoa Avenue is unlikely yield significant information that broadens our understanding of the building’s uses or the history of the city of Vernon. As a result, the property is not significant for listing in the CRHR under Criterion 4.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 23 6 Summary
This cultural resource assessment included a SCCIC records search, archival research, and a field survey of the Project Area. A historic railroad spur and building were identified in the Project area because of these efforts. An evaluation of significance concluded that neither resource meets the eligibility criteria for listing on the CRHR.

Results of the field visit indicate that surficial deposits across the Project area have been extensively disturbed by the construction of existing buildings and structures. Based on the extent of existing disturbance, along with the lack of known archaeological sites in the Project vicinity, the property contains a relatively low sensitivity for in situ buried archaeological deposits.

Based on these results, Chronicle Heritage finds that the proposed Project will have no impact on known historical or archaeological resources under CEQA. No additional cultural resource management is recommended for the proposed Project.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 24 7 References Cited
Ashkar, S.
1999 C-Los Angeles-A-1/South Pacific Railroad/Union Pacific Railroad. Department of Parks and Recreation 523 Form. On file at the South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton.

Arnold, Jeanne
1991 Transformation of a Regional Economy: Sociopolitical Evolution and the Production of Valuables in Southern California. American Antiquity 56:953–962. 1992 Complex Hunter-Gatherer-Fishers of Prehistoric California: Chiefs, Specialists, and Maritime Adaptations of the Channel Islands. American Antiquity 57:60–84.

Avina, Rose H.
1932 Spanish and Mexican Land Grants in California. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Department of History, University of California, Berkeley.

Basgall, Mark E.
1987 Resource Intensification among Hunter-Gatherers: Acorn Economies in Prehistoric California. Research in Economic Anthropology 9:21–52.

Barrows, H.D.
1896 “Don Antonio Maria Lugo: A Picturesque Character in California” Annual Publication of the Historical Society of Southern California, Los Angeles 3:4, 28-34 Beedle, Peggy, Keith Warren, and David Earle
2008 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey Simi Valley Landfill and Recycling Center Expansion, Simi Valley, California. Applied EarthWorks, Inc.

Blackburn, Thomas
1963 Ethnohistoric Descriptions of Gabrielino Material Culture. UCLA Archaeological Survey Annual Reports 5:1–50.

Binford, L.R.
1980 Willow Smoke and Dogs’ Tails: Hunter Gatherer Settlement Systems and Archaeological Site Formation. American Antiquity 45:4–20.

Boscana, Gerónimo
1846 "Chinigchinich; a Historical Account of the Origin, Customs, and Traditions of the Indians at the Missionary Establishment of St. Juan Capistrano, Alta California Called The Acagchemem Nation." In Life in California by Alred Robinson. Pp. 227–341. New York, Wiley & Putnam.

City of Vernon
2015 General Plan. Accessed on November 28, 2023 at
https://www.cityofvernon.org/home/showpublisheddocument/1306/6376358808505 70000
Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 25 City of Vernon (continued)
2023 About Vernon . Accessed on November 28, 2023 at
https://web.archive.org/web/20120830015520/http://www.cityofvernon.org//about_ vernon/history.htm
Erlandson, Jon M.
1991 Early Maritime Adaptations on the Northern Channel Islands. In Hunters and Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal California, edited by Jon M. Erlandson and Roger H. Colten, pp. 101–111. Perspectives in California Archaeology, vol. 1. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.
1994 Early Hunter-Gatherers of the California Coast. Plenum, New York. 1997 The Middle Holocene along the California Coast. In Archaeology of the California Coast during the Middle Holocene, edited by Jon M. Erlandson and Michael A. Glassow, pp. 1–

10. Perspectives in California Archaeology, vol. 4. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.

Erlandson, Jon M., Douglas J. Kennett, B. Lynn Ingram, Daniel A. Guthrie, Don P. Morris, Mark A.

Tveskov, G. James West, and Phillip L. Walker
1996 An Archaeological and Paleontological Chronology for Daisy Cave (CA-SMI-261), San Miguel Island, California. Radiocarbon 38(2):355–373.

Glassow, Michael A.
1996 Purisimeño Chumash Prehistory: Maritime Adaptations along the Southern California Coast. Case Studies in Archaeology. Jeffrey Quilter, series editor. Harcourt Brace College Publishers, San Diego, California.
1997 Middle Holocene Cultural Development in the Central Santa Barbara Channel Region. In Archaeology of the California Coast during the Middle Holocene, edited by Jon M.

Erlandson and Michael A. Glassow, pp. 73–90. Perspectives in California Archaeology, vol. 4. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.

Glassow, Michael, and Larry Wilcoxon
1988 Coastal Adaptations near Point Conception, California, with Particular Regard to Shellfish Exploitation. American Antiquity 53(1):36–51.

Glassow, Michael A., Larry R. Wilcoxon, and Jon Erlandson 1988 Cultural and Environmental Change during the Early Period of Santa Barbara Channel Prehistory. In The Archaeology of Prehistoric Coastlines, edited by Geoff N. Bailey and John E. Parkington, pp. 64–77. Cambridge University Press.

Greenwood, Roberta
1972 Obispeño and Purisimeño Chumash. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 520– 523. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor.

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Harrington, John Peabody
1981 The Papers of John Peabody Harrington in the Smithsonian Institution 1907–1957.

Edited by Elaine L. Mills and Ann J. Brickfield, Vol. 3. Kraus International Publications, White Plains, New York.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 26 Johnson, John R., Thomas W. Stafford, Jr., Henry O. Ajie, and Don P. Morris 2001 Arlington Springs Revisited. In Proceedings of the Fifth California Islands Symposium, edited by D.R. Brown, K.C. Mitchell, and H.W. Chaney, pp. 541–545. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California.

Jones, Terry L., Nathan E. Stevens, Deborah A. Jones, Richard T. Fitzgerald, and Mark G. Hylkema 2007 The Central Coast: A Midlatitude Milieu. In California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity, edited by Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, pp. 125–146. AltaMira Press, Lanham, Maryland.

King, Chester D.
1981 The Evolution of Chumash Society: A Comparative Study of Artifacts Used in Social System Maintenance in the Santa Barbara Channel Region before A.D. 1804. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, California. 1990 Evolution of Chumash Society: A Comparative Study of Artifacts Used for Social System Maintenance in the Santa Barbara Channel Region before A.D. 1804. The Evolution of North American Indians, edited by David Hurst Thomas. Garland, New York.

Kroeber, Albert L.
1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 78.

Washington, D.C.

Los Angeles County Assessor
2023 5708 Alcoa Avenue, Vernon, CA, 90038. Accessed on November 14, 2023, https://portal.assessor.lacounty.gov/parceldetail/6310005004 Los Angeles Daily News
1943 “Vernon’s Royal Family Due For Court Appearance Today.” September 27, 1943, Page 3.

McCawley, William
1996 The First Angelinos: The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles. 2nd printing. Malki Museum Press/Ballena Press Cooperative Publication, Banning or Novato, California.

Merriam, J.C.
1914 Preliminary Report on the Discovery of Human Remains in an Asphalt Deposit at Rancho La Brea, Science 40:197–203.

Moratto, Michael J.
1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, New York.

Norris, Robert M., and Robert W. Webb
1990 Geology of California. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

NETROnline
2023 Aerial images of Project area and Vicinity. Accessed November 28, 2023 at https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 27 Office of Historic Preservation (OHP)
1995 Instructions for Recording Historical Resources. Office of Historic Preservation, Sacramento. Accessed on December 18, 2020 at
https://scic.sdsu.edu/_resources/docs/manual95.pdf.

Pasadena Star News
1945 “Us Probes $250,000 War Plant Blaze,” April 30, 1945, Page 12.

Priestley, H.J.
1937 A Historical, Political, and Natural Description of California by Pedro Fages, Soldier of Spain. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Reid, Hugo, and Robert F. Heizer
1968 The Indians of Los Angeles County: Hugo Reid’s Letters of 1852. Southwest Museum Papers, No. 21. Southwest Museum, Los Angeles.

Starr, Kevin
2005 California: A History. Modern Library, New York.

Stickel, E. Gary
2010 Ice Age Man in Malibu: The Clovis Culture Discovery at the Farpoint Site. Presentation to the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society, March 11, Irvine, California.

Sutton, Mark Q.
2009 People and Language: Defining the Takic Expansion in Southern California. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 41(2–3):31–93.

Sutton, Mark Q., and Jill K. Gardner
2010 Reconceptualizing the Encinitas Tradition of Southern California. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 42(4):1–64.

U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. (USGS)
1896 Downey, CA (1:62,500) topographic quadrangle.
1901 Southern California Sheet 1, CA (1: 250,000) topographic quadrangle. 1902 Downey, CA (1:62,500) topographic quadrangle.
1904 Southern California Sheet 1, CA (1: 250,000) topographic quadrangle. 1923 Watts, CA (1:24,000) topographic quadrangle.
1924 Watts, CA (1:24,000) topographic quadrangle.
1942 Downey, CA (1:62,500) topographic quadrangle.
1943 Fruitland, CA (1:125,000) topographic quadrangle.
1949 South Gate, CA (1:24,000) topographic quadrangle.
1952 South Gate, CA (1:24,000) topographic quadrangle.
1964 South Gate, CA (1:24,000) topographic quadrangle.
2012 South Gate, CA (1:24,000) topographic quadrangle.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 28 Warren, Claude N.
1968 Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation on the Southern California Coast. Eastern New Mexico University Contributions in Archaeology 1(3):1–15.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project 29 This page intentionally left blank.

Appendix A.

Records Search Results (Confidential)

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL
Appendix B.

DPR Resource Forms
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial
NRHP Status Code:

Other Listings
Review Code Reviewer Date
*Resource Name or #: 5708 Alcoa Avenue
DPR 523A (9/2013) *Required information

P1. Other Identifier: 5708 Alcoa Avenue
*P2. Location: ☐ Not for Publication ☒ Unrestricted
*a. County: Los Angeles and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Southgate Date: 1981 T2S; R13W; Sec ; S.B. B.M. c. Address: 5708 Alcoa Avenue City: Vernon Zip: 90058
d. UTM (Give more than one for large and/or linear resources) Zone: 637460 mE/ 3618410 mN.

Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate): APN 6310-005-004 *P3a. Description (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries):

The commercial concrete block and brick building was constructed in 1941 and faces west onto Alcoa Avenue. The building is a rather modest example of an industrial Streamline Moderne style building in the City. The building is partially clad in stucco and features a flat roof. The building has an asymmetrical footprint and is 15,952 square feet (Los Angeles County Assessor 2023). A review of the Los Angeles County Assessor’s Portal revealed the building was added onto in 1951 (Los Angeles County Assessor 2023). Notable style elements include radiused corners on the entryway of the building, radiused ribbon of windows, and a vertical blade sign. The boundary is limited to the legal parcel boundary. (See Continuation Sheet page 4) *P3b. Resource Attributes (List attributes and codes): HP8. Industrial Building *P4. Resources Present: ☒ Building ☐Structure ☐Object ☐Site ☐District ☐Element of District ☐Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo (view, date, accession #):

Primary façade of building at 5708
Alcoa Avenue, November 7, 2023
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Source:
☒Historic ☐Prehistoric ☐Both
1941 (Los Angeles County Assessor
records)
*P7. Owner and Address:

N/A
*P8. Recorded by (Name, affiliation, and address):

Scott Torres
Chronicle Heritage
55 Huntington Drive
Arcadia, CA 91106
*P9. Date Recorded: November 7, 2023
*P10. Survey Type (Describe): Intensive
*P11. Report Citation (Cite survey report and
other sources, or enter “none”): Clark,
Tiffany, and Scott Torres (2023) Cultural Resource Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project, Los Angeles County, California. Report prepared by Chronicle Heritage, Arcadia, California.

Attachments: ☐ NONE ☒ Location Map ☒ Sketch Map ☒ Continuation Sheet ☒ Building, Structure, and Object Record ☐ Archaeological Record ☐ District Record ☐ Linear Feature Record ☐ Milling Station Record ☐ Rock Art Record ☐ Artifact Record ☐ Photograph Record ☐ Other (List):

P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) State of California  The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
*Resource Name or #: 5708 Alcoa Avenue
DPR 523B (9/2013) *Required information

B1. Historic Name: 5708 Alcoa Avenue
B2. Common Name: 5708 Alcoa Avenue
B3. Original Use: Commercial Industrial B4. Present Use: Commercial Industrial *B5. Architectural Style: N/A
*B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) The Los Angeles County Assessor records revealed that the industrial building was constructed in 1941. The original building permit from the City of Vernon was not available for review. Archival research found no information on the architect associated with the building design or the contractor associated with its construction. Based on the building design, it does not appear to be the work of a master architect and builder. The building does not appear to be an excellent example of a Streamline Moderne style and does not appear to be a significant building. A newspaper article indicates that the building sustained substantial fire damage in 1945 and may have been reconstructed. A building permit that identified re-construction or repairs associated with fire damage was not available for the review. The permit record includes alterations that took place between 1975 and 2016 (see continuation form for detailed permit history). Based on a review of the City building permit records, a fire took place at the building sometime between 2015 and 2016. *B7. Moved? ☒ No ☐ Yes ☐ Unknown Date: Original Location: N/A *B8. Related Features: N/A
B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Uknown
*B10. Significance: Theme: Streamline Moderne Area: Vernon Period of Significance: 1941 Property Type: Commercial Industrial Applicable Criteria: N/A (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.)
The building is a modest reflection of the Streamline Moderne style. Streamline Moderne building designs became a popular design concept that followed the Art Deco period of the 1920s. The period of significance associated with Streamline Moderne buildings was 1935-1945(SurveyLA 2021).

See Continuation Sheet page 7)
B11. Additional Resource Attributes (List attributes and codes): None. *B12. References: See Continuation Sheet.
*B13. Remarks: None.
*B14. Evaluator:

Scott Torres
Chronicle Heritage
55 Huntington Drive
Arcadia, CA 91106
*Date of Evaluation: November 7, 2023
(This space reserved for official comments.)
(Sketch Map with north arrow required.)
Service Layer Credits: USA_Topo_Maps: Copyright:©
2013 National Geographic Society, i-cubed
State of California The Resources Agency

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION

LOCATION MAP
5708 ALCOA
AVE
°
Resource Name or #: 5708 Alcoa Avenue Scale: 1:24,000
Primary
HRI
Trinomial

Map Name: South Gate, CA (1982) 7.5' USGS Quad. Date: 2023 0 Miles 0.5
0 Feet 2,000
0 Kilometers 1
State of California  Natural Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial
*Resource Name or #: 5708 Alcoa Avenue
DPR 523L (9/2013) *Required information

*P3a. Description: (Continued from Primary Record page 1) Primary Façade (Western Façade)
The primary façade of the building is directly visible from the west side of Alcoa Avenue. The façade reveals stucco cladding and painted concrete block in addition to a flat roof. The roof parapet features rectangular drainage holes located on each corner. The entry way is recessed, and the corners of the entry way are radiused. The façade exhibits four windows. The primary picture window is a rectangular metal, three paneled window that features a radiused end. The remaining three windows are metal divided light units with a two-over-two hopper window in the center. The building also features a combination of two single panel entry doors that are devoid of any glazing, and two metal tilt-up bay doors. multiple features that stand out as a reflection of the Streamline Moderne style are the radiused window, entry way corners, and finally a horizontal awning the extends from the entryway to the edge of the building. The awning is sheathed in composition shingles and features a vertical blade sign the curves in to the awning.

Additional features include a low concrete block wall, low columns also of concrete, and a small rectangular planter bed filled with pebbles.

Primary (Western Façade) View East
Primary Façade View Southeast
State of California  Natural Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial

DPR 523L (9/2013) *Required information
Primary Façade View Southeast
Southern Façade
The southern façade is abutted to the property line of the adjacent parcel and remains devoid of any architectural ornamentation. The painted concrete block is exposed to the elements.

Southern Façade View northeast
State of California  Natural Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial

DPR 523L (9/2013) *Required information
Northern Façade
The northern façade faces into the adjacent parcel. The façade is concrete block and devoid of any architectural ornamentation.

Northern Façade View Southeast
The view of the eastern façade was not accessible due to the chain linked perimeter fencing along the eastern side of the lot.

State of California  Natural Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial

DPR 523L (9/2013) *Required information
*B10. Significance: (Continued from Building, Structure, Object Report page 2) The City of Vernon is an industrial city of 5.2 square miles located several miles to the southeast of Downtown Los Angeles in Southern California. Founded in 1905 as the first exclusively industrial city in the Southwestern United States, Vernon currently houses more than 1,800 businesses that employ approximately 50,000 people, serving as a vital economic engine in the region (CityofVernon.org 2023). Historical newspaper articles reveal that in a period of 38- years (1905-1943) since the incorporation of the City, industrial factories had taken over most of the tract space in the City.

A review of the City building permit records found no information on the architect or builder of the commercial building. The building appears to be a modest example of an industrial/commercial Streamline Moderne style building. Alterations made to the building over the course of time (1975- 2016) include: various roofing repairs, interior structural repairs, compliance with City ordinance, and fire damage repair to roof rafters (Table 1).

Table 1. 5708 Alcoa Avenue Building Permit History
Permit Number Year Work Completed
N/A 1975 Permit issued for inspection
to determine compliance with
City of Vernon ordinance.
31365 1976 Permit issued to complete a
roof repair.
43428 1977 Permit issued to foundation
support repair.
52057 1985 Permit issued to add a T-bar
to office ceiling.

B-2016-1520 2016 Permit issued to replace
charred rafters and roofing
material due to fire damage.

B-2016-1645 2016 Permit issued to complete a
roofing repair associated with
fire damage.

City building permit records and historical newspaper articles indicate the subject property has operated as various industrial service businesses between 1941 to the present. An article in the Pasadena Star News indicated that the Modern Foundry and Pattern Co. operated as a war plant out of the building in 1945 (Pasadena Star News 1945). Additional employment advertisements for the property were found dating between 1941 and 1960; these advertisements were for tool and pattern making trades but no company name or ownership information was provided. The oldest building permit available indicated that the building was occupied by Westco Forest Products between 1975 and 1977. The building permits between 1975 and 1977 also identified Seymour Lehrer as the owner of business. No additional information was found regarding the life of Seymour Lehrer. A building permit that was issued in 1985 revealed the building was occupied by “Baskets Unlimited” and the listed owner of the business was W.M. Zimmer. The permit also revealed the building was used for storage. Building permits issued in 2016 indicate that the building at that time was occupied by Royal Roofing and the business was owned by Tom Beattie. No additional information regarding the current tenants and building ownership was available for review.

CRHR Evaluation
Criterion 1
The subject property does not appear to be a significant building in the City or Los Angeles County. A desktop review of historical issues of the Los Angeles Daily News and the Pasadena Star News did not provide any information to indicate that the commercial/industrial building was associated with an event or pattern of events pertinent to industrial development in the City of Vernon. Based on a review of the City of Vernon’s website and newspaper articles, it appears that industrial development in the area began shortly after the City incorporated in 1905 and was well established by the early 1940s. The building was constructed in 1941 and based on newspaper articles that were reviewed, it does not appear to be associated with significant industrial commerce. A newspaper article in 1945 claimed the building served as a “war plant”.

In 1945, the building housed the “Modern Foundry and Pattern Making Company”; no information was found regarding what specific products that were manufactured at the facility. It appears that the subject property may have
State of California  Natural Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial
DPR 523L (9/2013) *Required information

manufactured products in to support the Military Industrial Complex for the duration of World War II. However, industrial manufacturing in support of the war was not a unique occurrence within a larger national and statewide context. Furthermore, no additional articles were found to indicate that the building was a major industrial contributor to the war effort between 1941 and 1945. Therefore, the building does not appear to be individually eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) pursuant to Criterion 1.

Criterion 2
Research does not indicate the subject property is associated with a person or persons of historic significance at the state level; therefore, the buildings are not eligible for listing in the CRHR under Criterion 2.

Criterion 3
The subject property is a modest example of a Streamline Moderne building. An original building permit was not available for review. Archival research found no information on the architect and builder associated with the design and construction. Based on the modest design elements and common building materials used, the building does not reflect the work of a master architect and builder.

The modest building features include a ribbon of windows with a rounded end and a blade sign. The building does not feature additional elements of style beyond the ribbon of windows and blade sign.

Based on a newspaper article that was published in 1945, the building sustained substantial fire damage and may have been re-constructed. No building permits were found that identified reconstruction or repairs associated with fire damage. The building does not appear to be an excellent example of a Streamline Moderne style and does not appear to be a significant building project in the City. Therefore, the building is not eligible for listing in the CRHR under Criterion 3.

Criterion 4
The additional study of the historic building at 5708 Alcoa Avenue is unlikely to yield significant information that broadens our understanding of the building’s uses or the history of the city of Vernon. As a result, the property is not significant for listing in the CRHR under Criterion 4.
*B12. References: (Continued from Building, Structure, Object Report page 2) “5708 Alcoa Avenue, Vernon CA, 90038,” Los Angeles County Assessor, accessed November 14, 2023, https://portal.assessor.lacounty.gov/parceldetail/6310005004 “Us Probes $250,000 War Plant Blaze,” Pasadena Star News, April 30, 1945. 12.

State of California  The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial
NRHP Status Code: 6Z
Other Listings
Review Code Reviewer Date

DPR 523A (9/2013) *Required information
P1. Other Identifier: Southern Pacific Railroad, San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad/ Los Angeles Terminal Railroad
*P2. Location: ☐ Not for Publication ☒ Unrestricted
*a. County: Los Angeles and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Southgate Date: 1981 T2S; R13W; Sec ; S.B. B.M. c. Address: 5700-5764 Alcoa Avenue City: Vernon Zip: 90058 d. UTM Zone: 637460 mE/ 3618410 mN.

Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate):
*P3a. Description (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries):

Resource consists of portions of an intact and abandoned railroad and spur track located north of East Slauson Avenue and south of Fruitland Avenue. Based on historic topographic maps, the structure was constructed by 1923 and was one of a series of railroad spurs in this area that ran west from the Union Pacific Railroad to access industrial and commercial businesses. The intact spur track measures approximately 320 feet in length and consists of a single standard gauge set of tracks with wooden ties. The spur runs in a northwest-southeast direction with the track terminating at the edge of a transmission line easement. A hand switch lies just east of Alcoa Avenue which appears to direct rail cars off the main spur into an adjacent oil and lubricant manufacturing facility.

An abandoned set of tracks branches off from the main spur immediately east of Alcoa Avenue and runs in an arc for a distance of 380 feet. The abandoned set of tracks appears to have been partially paved over with only the rails visible from the ground surface. (See Continuation Sheet)
*P3b. Resource Attributes (List attributes and codes): HP39. Other *P4. Resources Present: ☒ Building ☐Structure ☐Object ☐Site ☐District ☐Element of District ☐Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo (view, date, accession #):

View of Spur track and hand switch,
facing east
November 7, 2023
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Source:
☒Historic ☐Prehistoric ☐Both
Constructed by 1923 based on Watts,
CA topographic map (USGS 1923)
*P7. Owner and Address:

N/A
*P8. Recorded by (Name, affiliation, and address):

Scott Torres
Chronicle Heritage
55 Huntington Drive
Arcadia, CA 91106
*P9. Date Recorded: November 7, 2023
*P10. Survey Type (Describe): Intensive
*P11. Report Citation (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter “none”): Clark, Tiffany, and Scott Torres (2023) Cultural Resource Assessment for the 5764 Alcoa Avenue Project, Los Angeles County, California. Report prepared by Chronicle Heritage, Arcadia, California.

Attachments: ☐ NONE ☒ Location Map ☒ Sketch Map ☒ Continuation Sheet ☒ Building, Structure, and Object Record ☐ Archaeological Record ☐ District Record ☐ Linear Feature Record ☐ Milling Station Record ☐ Rock Art Record ☐ Artifact Record ☐ Photograph Record ☐ Other (List):

P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) State of California  The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD

DPR 523B (9/2013) *Required information
B1. Historic Name: Southern Pacific, San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad/ Los Angeles Terminal Railroad
B2. Common Name: Union Pacific Railroad
B3. Original Use: Railroad B4. Present Use: Not in Service *B5. Architectural Style: N/A
*B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) Based on a review of topographic maps of the area, the section of rail line was constructed some time before or in 1923 (USGS 1923). Ongoing maintenance and reconfiguration of the tracks has occurred over the course of time.
*B7. Moved? ☒ No ☐ Yes ☐ Unknown Date: Original Location: N/A *B8. Related Features: N/A
B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Uknown
*B10. Significance: Theme: Rail transportation Area: Vernon Period of Significance: ca. 1923 Property Type: Rail spur and switch Applicable Criteria: N/A (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) This section of railroad track, spur, and switch appear to be part of the Union Pacific and San Pedro, Los Angeles, & Salt Lake Railroad. The San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad Company, incorporated in Utah on March 20, 1901. The railroad operated between Los Angeles and Salt Lake City via Las Vegas. It originated as a small line, the Los Angeles Terminal Railway, which was incorporated in 1890. The San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad was owned by the U.S. Senator from Montana, William Andrews Clark. Competition between the San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad to build a route between Southern California and Salt Lake through Las Vegas ended in 1903 when Senator Clark sold Union Pacific Railroad a half interest in the San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake and its subsidiaries.

The two companies agreed to proceed jointly in the construction of the line. In May 1905, construction of the main line was completed between Los Angeles and Las Vegas (334 miles) and from Salt Lake City to Las Vegas. A joint trackage agreement allowed the railroad to use Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway tracks over the Cajon Pass. San Pedro was dropped from the corporate name effective August 25, 1916. On April 27, 1921, Union Pacific purchased the remaining half of Senator Clark's holdings in the railroad. The Los Angeles and Salt Lake remained the official name of the "Salt Lake Route," until it was formally merged into the UP (effective January 1, 1988)(OnlineArchiveofCalifornia 2023).

See Continuation Sheet
B11. Additional Resource Attributes (List attributes and codes): None. *B12. References: See Continuation Sheet.
*B13. Remarks: None.
*B14. Evaluator:

Scott Torres
Chronicle Heritage
55 Huntington Drive
Arcadia, CA 91106
*Date of Evaluation: November 7, 2023
(This space reserved for official comments.)
(Sketch Map with north arrow required.)
See attached sketch map
State of California  Natural Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial

DPR 523L (9/2013) *Required information
Remnants of the Spur View West
Railroad Line Crossing Alcoa Avenue View West
State of California  Natural Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial

DPR 523L (9/2013) *Required information
Railroad Switch and Spur line. Remaining views of the spur line (identified by red arrow) were not accessible from public righ-of-way, view east
*B10. Significance: (Continued)
A previous evaluation of the Union Pacific railroad system was completed in 1999 by Jones and Stokes(Ashkar 1999). The evaluation concluded that the entire railroad system in the Los Angeles area was eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under criteria A and B. As the railroad was determined eligible for listing on the NRHP, it is automatically eligible for listing on the California Register of Historic Places (CRHR). However, portion of the rail line that includes a switch track and spur lines does not appear to be significant and does not contribute to the overall eligibility of the railroad. A review of historic aerial images and topographic maps indicates that the spur lines were used to service the industrial businesses along Alcoa Avenue.

The spur no longer appears to be operational and at least one segment has been partially paved over. Aside from the rails, ties, and manual switch, no other railroad-related features are associated with the resource. No information was found to indicate that this minor section of railroad and spur line was historically significant in local, statewide, or national contexts. As such, the railroad spur is not recommended eligible under Criterion 1.

No known individuals significant to the past are recorded as being associated with the construction or operation of the railroad spur. As no individual of historical importance is associated with the railroad spur, it is therefore evaluated as not eligible for the CRHR under Criterion 2.

The spur is no longer in use with portions of the tracks having been paved over. No evidence was found in the archival records to suggest that the spur was designed by a master engineer.

Additionally, no evidence was found to suggest that the builders employed unusual or unique construction techniques. All indications are that the techniques and materials used were typical of railroad spurs of the time. The railroad spur does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period or method of construction, or represent the work of a master, or possess high artistic values, or possess any significant distinguishable components. Therefore, the railroad spur is evaluated as not eligible for the CRHR under Criterion 3.

The railroad spur does not have potential to yield information important in prehistory or history.

Archival research potential for the railroad spur has been exhausted, and the path of the spur is fairly well documented in the archival record. The railroad spur cannot provide additional historically important information, and there is no potential for the railroad spur to provide additional information that is not already represented in the archival record. As a result, the railroad spur is evaluated as not eligible for the CRHR under Criterion 4.

State of California  Natural Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial

DPR 523L (9/2013) *Required information
*B12. References: (Continued)
Jones & Stokes (Ashkar, S.)
1999 C-Los Angeles-A-1/Southern Pacific Railroad/Union Pacific Railroad. California Department of Parks and Recreation Primary Record, Building, Structure, and Object Report.

HistoricAerials.com
2023 “5700 Alcoa Avenue, Vernon CA, 90038,” https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer accessed December 6, 2023.
“California State Railroad Museum and Archives: Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad dockets”. 2023 Online Archive of California, https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c84j0kjg/ accessed December 6, 2023,
U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. (USGS)
1923 Watts, CA (1:24,000) topographic quadrangle.

Service Layer Credits: USA_Topo_Maps: Copyright:©
2013 National Geographic Society, i-cubed
State of California The Resources Agency

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION

LOCATION MAP
Railroad Spur
Resource Name or #: Spur track and switch Scale: 1:24,000 Primary
HRI
Trinomial

Map Name: South Gate, CA (1982) 7.5' USGS Quad. Date: 2023 0 Miles 0.5
0 Feet 2,000
0 Kilometers 1
Service Layer Credits: Hybrid Reference
Layer: Esri Community Maps Contributors,
County of Los Angeles, California State Parks,
© OpenStreetMap, Microsoft, Esri, HERE,
Garmin, SafeGraph, GeoTechnologies, Inc,
METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land
465320018 State of California The Resources Agency

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION

SKETCH MAP
DPR 523K (1/95) *Required information
*Date of map: December 2023
Primary #
HRI#
Trinomial

*Drawn by: B. Spelts
Southern Pacific RR
Alcoa Ave Alcoa Ave
Southern
Railroad Spur
Spur (Partially
Paved Over)
Railroad Spur
*Resource Name or #: Spur track and switch
T N
*Scale:
0 Meters 40
0 Feet 200
1:1,000
Text
For General Inquiries:

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