AB 32 requires CARB to adopt a quantified cap on GHG emissions representing 1990 emissions levels and disclose how it arrived at the cap; institute a schedule to meet the emissions cap; and dev elop tracking, reporting, and enforcement mechanisms to ensure that the state reduces GHG emissions enough to meet the cap. AB 32 also includes guidance on instituting emissions reductions in an economically efficient manner, along with conditions to ensu re that businesses and consumers are not unfairly affected by the reductions. Using these criteria to reduce statewide GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 would represent an approximate 25 to 30 percent reduction in current emissions levels. However, CA RB has discretionary authority to seek greater reductions in more significant and growing GHG sectors, such as transportation, as compared to other sectors that are not anticipated to significantly increase emissions. Under AB 32, CARB was required to ado pt regulations by January 1, 2011, to achieve reductions in GHGs to meet the 1990 emission cap by 2020. In 2019, CARB disclosed that emissions in 2017 were 7 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent (MMT CO2e) below the State 2020 limit.
Senate Bill 375 : SB 375, signed in September 2008 (Chapter 728, Statutes of 2008), aligns regional transportation planning efforts, regional GHG reduction targets, and land use and housing allocation. SB 375 requires Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) to adopt a sustainable community strategy (SCS) or alternative planning strategy (APS) that would prescribe land use allocation in that MPOs regional transportation plan. CARB, in consultation with MPOs, would provide each affected region with reduction targets for GHGs emitted by passenger cars and light trucks in the region for the years 2020 and 2035.
These reduction targets would be updated every eight years but can be updated every four years if advancements in emissions technologies affect the reduction strategies to achieve the targets. CARB is also charged with reviewing each MPOs SCS or APS for consistency with its assigned targets.
This law also extends the minimum time period for the regional housing needs allocation cycle from five years to eight years for local governments located within an MPO that meets certain requirements. City or county land use policies (including general plans) are not required to be consistent with the regional transportation plan (and associated SCS or APS). However, new provisi ons of CEQA would incentivize (through streamlining and other provisions) qualified projects that are consistent with an approved SCS or APS, categorized as "transit priority projects."
Office of Planning and Research Technical Advisory: Consistent with SB 97, on June 19, 2008, Office of Planning and Research (OPR) released its Technical Advisory on CEQA and Climate Change, which was developed in 1185
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cooperation with the Resources Agency, the California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA), and CARB. The Technical Advisory offers the informal interim guidance regarding the steps lead agencies should take to address climate change in their CEQA documents, until CEQA guidelines are developed pursuant to SB 97 on how state and local agencies should analyze, and when necessary, mitigate GHG.
According to OPR, lead agencies should determine whether GHG may be generated by a Project, and if so, quantify or estimate the GHG emissions by type and source. Second, the lead agency must assess whether those emissions are individually or cumulatively significant. When assessing whether a project’s effects on climate change are “cumulative ly significant” even though project specific GHG contribution may be individually limited, the lead agency must consider the impact of the project when viewed in connection with the effects of past, current, and probable future projects. Finally, if the le ad agency determines that the GHG emissions from the project as proposed are potentially significant, it must investigate and implement ways to avoid, reduce, or otherwise mitigate the impacts of those emissions.
On April 13, 2009, OPR sent proposed amend ments of the CEQA Guidelines to the Secretary of the Resources Agency for promulgation. The proposed amendments contain Model Policies for GHGs in General Plan. OPR recommended changes to fourteen sections of the existing guidelines, including: the determination of significance as well as thresholds; statements of overriding consideration; mitigation; cumulative impacts; and specific streamlining approaches. The proposed Guidelines also include an explicit requirement that EIRs analyze GHG emissions resulting from a project when the incremental contribution of those emissions may be significant. OPR adopted new amendments in 2018; however, these amendments to the CEQA Guidelines apply prospectively only.
California Energy Code: Title 24, Part 6 of the California Code of Regulations , called the California Energy Code, includes standards mandating energy efficiency measures in new construction, as well as retrofitting existing buildings. Since its establishment in 1977, the building efficiency standards (along with standards for energy efficiency in appliances) , which regulate energy consumed in buildings for heating, cooling, ventilation, water heating, and lighting , have contributed to a reduction in electricity and natural gas consumption in California. The standards are updated every three years to allow new energy efficiency technologies to be considered. The latest update to Title 24 standards became effective January 1, 2020.
California Green Code: CalGreen, the nation’s first Green Building Standar ds Code, became effective in August 2009 for voluntary compliance and local adoption, and became effective for mandatory compliance on January 1, 2011. This Code establishes minimum standards for new construction that are intended to help the State achieve the AB 32 goal of reducing GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. In addition to energy efficiency standards, CalGreen includes mandatory measures for water conservation, storm water drainage and retention, material conservation, and construction waste reduction. The requirements for nonresidential construction also include parking, landscaping, and other standards. Local jurisdictions have the option of adopting procedures by ordinance to improve the level of construction beyond the CalGreen minimum standard.
Local
City of Visalia General Plan
• Objective AQ-O-3: Reduce emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to global climate change in accord with federal and State law.
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• Policy AQ-P-12. Support the implementation of Voluntary Emissions Reduction Agreements (VERA) with the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (the District) for individual development projects that may exceed District significance thresholds.
A VERA is a volun tary mitigation measure where a project proponent provides p ound-for-pound mitigation of emissions increases through a process that develops, funds, and implements emissions reduction projects, with the District serving a role of administrator of emissions reduction programs and verifier of successful mitigation ef fort. To implement a VERA, the project proponent and the District enter into a contractual agreement in which the project proponent agrees to mitigate project-specific emissions by providing funds for the District’s Strategies and Incentives Program.
The funds are disbursed in the form of grants for projects that achieve emission reductions.
Visalia Climate Action Plan (CAP)
The City ’s CAP includes a baseline GHG emissions inventory of municipal and community emissions, identification and analysis of existing and proposed GHG reduction measures, and reduction targets to help Visalia work toward the States goal of an 80 percent reduction below baseline emissions by 2050. The plan sets 2020 and 2030 reduction targets, and includes reduction actions for energy, transportation, and waste and resource conservation. The CAP includes targets and action steps for the municipal and community sectors. The CAP has been prepared concurrently with the proposed General Plan (GP), is evaluated in this EIR together with the proposed GP and includes objectives and specific policies from the proposed GP to address long-term emissions reduction efforts by the City.
Visalia’s Climate Change Initiatives
In January 2007, Visalia’s mayor signed the “Cool Cities” pledge, part of the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement. By entering into this agreement, the City originally adopted the goal of reducing citywide GHG emissions to 7% below 1990 levels by 2012. As detailed in the CAP, this goal was subsequently expanded in response to CARBs recommended reduction target of 15% below the 2005 baseline, and the City added a 2030 mitigation target to correlate with the 2030 GP Update and the goal of achieving an 80% reduction by 2050.
In 2008, the City also became a partner with the San Joaquin Valley Clean Energy Organization (SJVCEO), which is a non-profit serving the eight-county region. This partnership led to the development of the Valley Innovative Energy Watch, which is a partnership with SCE, Southern California Gas Company (SoCa lGas), Pacific Gas & Electric, SJVCEO, and other public jurisdictions in Tulare and Kings Counties. One major task in this initiative was assisting each of the local government partners to develop comprehensive clean energy/GHG reduction plans, including the identification of baseline GHG emissions and energy use.
Impact Analysis
a) Would the project generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project would generate 5,325 MTCO2e/yr using an operational year of 2005, which includes area, energy, mobile, waste, and water sources. “Business as usual” (BAU) is referenced in CARBs AB 32 Scoping Plan as emissions projected to occur in 2020 if the average baseline emissions during the 2002-2004 period grew to 2020 levels, without control or BPS offsets. As a result, an estimate of the Project s operational emissions in 2005 were compared to operational emissions in 2024 in order to determine if the Project meets the 29% emission reduction. The SJVAPCD has reviewed relevant scientific information related to GHG emissions and has determined that they are not able to 1187
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determine a specific quantitative level of GHG emissions increase, above which a project would h ave a significant impact on the environment, and below which would have an insignificant impact. As a result, the SJVAPCD has determined that projects achieving at least a 29% GHG emission reduction compared to BAU would be determined to have a less than s ignificant individual and cumulative impact for GHG.
Results of the analysis show GHG emissions in the year 2020 as 3,435 MTCO2e/yr. This represents an achievement of 35% GHG emission reduction on the basis of BAU, which does meet the 29% GHG emission reduction target. Based on the assessment above, the Project would not generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact o n the environment.
Therefore, any impacts would be less than significant.
b) Would the project conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases?
Less than Significant Impact. To assist lead agencies, project proponents, permit applicants, and interested parties in assessing and reducing the impacts of project-specific GHG on global climate change, the SJVAPCD has adopted the guidance: Guidance for Valley Land -use Agencies in Ad dressing GHG Emission Impacts for New Projects under CEQA and the policy: District Policy – Addressing GHG Emission Impacts for Stationary Source Projects Under CEQA When Serving as the Lead Agency. The guidance and policy rely on the use of performance -based standards, otherwise known as BPS, to assess significance of project-specific greenhouse gas emissions on global climate change during the environmental review process, as required by CEQA. Use of BPS is a method of streamlining the CEQA process of de termining significance and is not a required emission reduction measure. Projects implementing BPS would be determined to have a less than cumulatively significant impact. Otherwise, demonstration of a 29 percent reduction in GHG emissions, from BAU, is re quired to determine that a project would have a less than cumulatively significant impact.
The Project incorporates a recreational park that will encourage biking, jogging, and walking and provide neighboring residential neighborhoods with direct access to its facilities. The types of facilities incorporated into the Project coincide with the pedestrian infrastructure -based mitigation measures included in the SJVAPCDs Mitigation Measures document. Those measures include providing pedestrian enhancing infrastructure that includes sidewalks and pedestrian paths and direct pedestrian connections.
The City’s CAP was created as one of the first key steps to guiding the development and enhancement of actions designed to reduce Visalia’s GHG emissions. The CAP re presents the results of a GHG emissions inventory effort which serves as a starting point for the development of a comprehensive municipal and community strategy for addressing GHG emission reduction goals. The CAP identifies existing and proposed communi ty measures designed to reduce GHG emissions. The Project incorporates the following identified existing and proposed community measures assisting the City achieve its 2020 15% and 2030 30% reduction goals:
Expansion of bicycle paths, lanes, and trails: As part of the Project and pursuant to the General Plan and the Waterways and Trails Master Plan, the Project would dedicate the subject property’s portion of the Segment 4 Preferred Trail Alignment, which would run adjacent to Cameron Creek within the Proj ect area. This trail would be a Class I Bike Trail and would maintain views of Cameron Creek. Based on the assessment above, the Project would further the achievement of the City’s greenhouse gas reduction goals and would not conflict with applicable plans , policies or regulations adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHG. Therefore, any impacts would be less than significant.
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4.9 HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Table 4-17: Hazards and Hazardous Materials Impacts
Would the project:
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Create a significant hazard to the public or
the environment through the routine
transport, use, or disposal of hazardous
materials?
b) Create a significant hazard to the public or
the environment through reasonably
foreseeable upset and accident conditions
involving the release of hazardous
materials into the environment?
c) Emit hazardous emissions or handle
hazardous or acutely hazardous materials,
substances, or waste within one-quarter
mile of an existing or proposed school?
d) Be located on a site which is included on a
list of hazardous materials sites compiled
pursuant to Government Code Section
65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a
significant hazard to the public or the
environment?
e) For a project located within an airport land
use plan or, where such a plan has not
been adopted, within two miles of a public
airport or public use airport, would the
project result in a safety hazard or
excessive noise for people residing or
working in the project area?
f) Impair implementation of or physically
interfere with an adopted emergency
response plan or emergency evacuation
plan?
g) Expose people or structures, either directly
or indirectly to a significant risk of loss,
injury or death involving wildland fires?
Baseline Conditions
Hazardous Materials
The Hazardous Waste and Substances Sites (Cortese) List is a planning document used by th e State, local agencies, and developers to comply with CEQA requirements in providing information about the location of hazardous materials release sites. Government Code (GC) Section 65962.5 requires the California Environmental Protection Agency to develop at least annually an updated Cortese List. The Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) is responsible for a portion of the information contained in the Cortese List. Other State and local government agencies are required to provide additional h azardous material release information for the Cortese List. DTSC's EnviroStor database provides DTSC's component of Cortese 1189
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List data (DTSC, 2010). In addition to the EnviroStor database, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Geotracker database provides information on regulated hazardous waste facilities in California, including underground storage tank (UST) cases and non -UST cleanup programs, including Spills -Leaks- Investigations-Cleanups sites, Department of Defense sites, and Land Disposal pr ogram. A search of the DTSC EnviroStor17 database and the SWRCB Geotracker18 performed on March 29, 2022 determined that there are no known active hazardous waste generators or hazardous material spill sites within the Project site or immediate surrounding vicinity.
Airports
The Project site would be located approximately 9.8 miles west of the Visalia Municipal Airport. The Project would not be located within an adopted Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP).
Emergency Response Plan
The City of Visalia has an Emergency Operations Plan that was adopted in 2011. The plan lays out the planned procedures that the City would follow in the event of an emergency.
Sensitive Receptors
Sensitive Receptors are groups that would be more affected by air, noise, and light pollution, pesticides, and other toxic chemicals than others. This includes infants, children u nder 16, elderly over 65, athletes, and people with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. High concentrations of these groups would include, daycares, residential areas, hospitals, elder care facilities, schools and parks. The nearest sensitive receptors include the single-family residences at the northwest corner of the Project site.
Applicable Regulations
Federal
Occupational Health and Safety Administration
The Occupational Health and Safety Administration published standard 1910.120, addressing dangers that hazardous materials pose in the workplace. The standard requires that employers evaluate the potential health hazard that hazardous materials pose in the workplace and communicate information concerning hazards and appropriate protective measures to employees.
State
Department of Toxic Substances Control
The USEPA has delegated much of its regulatory authority to the individual states. The DTSC of Ca lEPA enforces hazardous materials and waste regulations in California in conjunction with the USEPA. The DTSC is responsible for regulating the management of hazardous substances , including remediation of sites contaminated by hazardous substances. California hazardous materials laws incorporate federal standards but are often more strict than federal laws.
Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act
The RWQCB is authorized by the SWRCB to enforce provisions of the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act of 1969. This act gives the RWQCB authority to require groundwater investigations when the quality of groundwater or surface waters of the state are threatened and to remediate the site, if necessary.
17 (California Department of Toxic Substances Control 2022) 18 (State of California 2022)
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State Underground Storage Tank Program
State laws also regulate Underground Storage Tanks ( USTs) and Aboveground Storage Tanks (ASTs) containing hazardous substances. These laws are primarily found in the Health and Safety Code, and, combined with CCR Title 23, establish the requirements of the State UST program. The laws contain requirements for UST permitting, construction, installation , leak detection monitoring, repairs and corrective actions and closures. In accordance with State laws, the County Department of Health Services Environmental Health Division implements UST and AST regulations in County.
Hazardous Materials Worker Safety Requirements
The Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Cal/OSHA) are the agencies responsible for assuring worker safety in the handling and use of chemicals in the wo rkplace. The federal regulations pertaining to worker safety are contained in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 (29 CFR) as authorized in the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. They provide standards for safe workplaces and work practices, including standards relating to hazardous materials handling. In California, Cal/OSHA assumes primary responsibility for developing and enforcing workplace safety regulations; Cal/OSHA standards are generally more stringent than federal regulations.
The State regulations concerning the use of hazardous materials in the workplace are included in Title 8 of the CCR, and contain requirements for safety training, availability of safety equipment, accident and illness prevention programs, hazardous substance exposure warnings, and emergency action and fire prevention plan preparation. Cal/OSHA also enforces hazard communication program regulations, which contain worker safety training and hazard information requirements, such as procedures for identifying and labeling hazardous substances, communicating hazard information relating to hazardous substances and their handling, and preparation of health and safety plans to protect workers and employees at hazardous waste sites.
Local
Tulare County Environmental Health Division
In Visalia, the Tulare County Environmental Health Services Division (TCEH SD) is the local agency responsible for the implementation of the State-mandated Unified Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials Management Regulatory Program (MJLHMP). County has prepared a Hazardous Materials Business Plan and the aforementioned MJLHMP, which serves as the County’s emergency response plan for hazardous materials emergency incidents. In addition, the TCEHSD acts as lead agency to ensure proper remediation of leaking underground petroleum storage tank sites and certain other contaminated sites.
TCEHSD provides three permanent Household Hazardous Waste drop-off facilities in the County including one in Visalia and operates mobile collection events throughout the year. These services are available free of charge to any County resident.
City of Visalia and Tulare County Fire Departments
The Visalia Fire Department (VFD) provides fire and life safety services for residents located within the city limits while the County Fire Department provides additional services for unincorporated areas of County.
VFD staffs five paramedic engine companies, one truck company and a Battalion Chief daily, from six fire station locations. The engines and truck companies are staffed with three personnel, giving the VFD a daily minimum staffing of 19 .19 All stations are staffed with a paramedic at all times. The City requires all new development and subdivisions to meet or exceed California Fire Code provisions, an d the City’s Fire Department reviews development applications during the plan check process.
19 (CIty of Visalia, Dyett & Bhatia, Urban and Regional Planners, ICF International, Provost and Pritchard Consulting Group, Omni -Means, Transportation Planners and Engineers 2014)
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The VFD also provides oversight of hazardous materials. The VFD is responsible for conducting inspections for code compliance and fire -safe practices, and for scen e management and investigation of fire and hazardous materials incidents. According to Chapter 8.32 (Hazardous Materials) of the Visalia Municipal Code, an emergency situation created by a hazardous material release which poses an imminent risk to the life, health or safety of persons, property, or to the environment shall be mitigated in the manner prescribed and pursuant to the direction of the VFD. The VFD regulates explosive and hazardous materials under the California Fire Code, and permits the handlin g, storage and use of any explosive or other hazardous material. The City hosts “Dump-On-Us” events four times a year for city residents to drop off residential hazardous waste. Accepted items include small appliances, cell phones, fencing material, air conditioning/ heating units, tires, scrap metal, mattresses, yard waste, and other types of waste.
Waste Disposal Regulations
The disposal of contaminated soil is regulated by the RWQCB, in this case the Central Valley Region, and is regulated based on the c oncentrations of chemical constituents that are present. Soils having concentrations of contaminants higher than certain acceptable levels must be handled and disposed as hazardous waste when excavated. CCR Title 22, Section 66261.20 -24 contains technical descriptions of characteristics that would cause a soil to be classified as a hazardous waste.
Impact Analysis
a) Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials?
See section below.
b) Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment?
a and b) Less than Significant Impact. The Project would not create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials. Potential impacts during construction of the Project could occur from potential spillage of fuels and lubricants associated with construction equipment. These potential impacts would be temporary in nature and would be reduced to less than significant levels through compliance with applicable local, state, and federal regulations, as well as the use of Best Management Practices (BMPs). Project operations would consist of consumer grade pesticides, fertilizers, and petroleum -based fuels. However, these potentially hazardous materials would not be of a type or occur in suffici ent quantities to pose a significant hazard to public health and safety or the environment. Compliance with applicable laws and regulations would minimize hazards associated with the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials to the maximum extent practicable. In addition, compliance with applicable laws and regulations would lower any potential impacts from foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment to a less than significant level. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant.
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c) Would the project emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school? No Impact. The Project would not handle construction related hazardous materials in the form of fuels and solvents during construction of the Project within a quarter mile a school. Therefore, there would be no impact.
d) Would the project be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment?
No Impact. The Project site is not on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5, according to the Envirostor and Geotracker databases mentioned above in Section
4.9.1. As a result, the Project would not create a significant hazard to the public or environment due to the Project being located on an existing hazardous material site. Therefore, there would be no impact. e) For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the p roject result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area? No Impact. The Project site is not located within an ALUCP, nor is it located within two miles of a public airport or public use airport. Therefore, there would be no impact. f) Would the project impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project would not impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan. While construction would result in truck deliveries, hauling of materials, and construction crews, improvement plans and any work completed in existing roadways would be required to be approved by the City Engineer before they could occur. Streets within the subdivision have been designed to City specifications and have adequate site access for emergency vehicles. The Project does not generate an amount of traffic that warrants analysis of congestion. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. g) Would the project expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires?
No Impact. The Project would not expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires. As discussed more thoroughly in Section 4.20, the Project site is not located in an area that has been designated as being a State Responsibility Area (SRA) or as being a very high fire hazard severity zone. The Project site would be annexed to the City of Visalia as a part of the Project and is substantially surrounded by urban uses. Therefore, there wo uld be no impact.
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4.10 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY
Table 4-18: Hydrology and Water Quality Impacts
Would the project:
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Violate any water quality standards or
waste discharge requirements or otherwise
substantially degrade surface or ground
water quality?
b) Substantially decrease groundwater
supplies or interfere substantially with
groundwater recharge such that the
project may impede sustainable
groundwater management of the basin?
c) Substantially alter the existing drainage
pattern of the site or area, including
through the alteration of the course of a
stream or river or through the addition of
impervious surfaces, in a manner which
would:
i. result in substantial erosion or
siltation on- or off-site;
ii. substantially increase the rate or
amount of surface runoff in a manner
which would result in flooding on- or
off-site;
iii. create or contribute runoff water
which would exceed the capacity of
existing or planned stormwater
drainage systems or provide
substantial additional sources of
polluted runoff; or
iv. impede or redirect flood flows?
d) In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones,
risk release of pollutants due to project
inundation?
e) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of
a water quality control plan or sustainable
groundwater management plan?
Baseline Conditions
According to the website, “ Best Places”, the climate in Tulare County can be classified as Mediterranean with average rainfall rates of 14.9 inches annually, occurring primarily between November and March. 20 Hydrology in the Project area is associated with the Tulare Lake Hydrologic Region, c ontaining three main subbasins. The Tulare Lake subbasin is in the northern alluvial fan and basin subarea characterized by southwest to south flowing rivers, creeks, and irrigation canal systems that convey water from the Sierra Nevada to the west toward the Tulare Lake Bed. The southern portion of the basin is internally drained by
20 (Best Places 2022)
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the Kings, Kaweah, Tule, and Kern Rivers. 21 The Tulare Lake Basin comprises the drainage area of the San Joaquin Valley south of the San Joaquin River and is essentially a closed basin because surface water drains north into the San Joaquin River only in years of extreme rainfall. The Project site consists of irrigated farmland served by groundwater. The Project site is bordered by both a Tulare Irrigation District irrigation ditch and Cameron Creek.
The approximately 67.7-acre Project site is currently utilized for agricultural production. According to the 2017 Census of Agriculture, crops in California has been surveyed to use an average of 2.9 acre -feet per acre,22 or a total of 196.33 acre-feet annually on the Project site, specifically.
The City of Visalia’s water is managed by the California Water Service Visalia District. Groundwater is the sole source of water supply for the Visalia District. Groundwater used by Visalia is extracted from the underlying Kaweah and Tule Subbasins. The Project site itself is located within the Greater Kaweah Groundwater Sustainability Agency’s boundary.23
Applicable Regulations
Federal
Federal Clean Water Act
The CWA, described in more detail in Appendix B: Biological Evaluation, requires the U SEPA to develop, publish, and periodically update ambient water quality criteria for the protection of human health. In 1980, the USEPA published water quality criteria for 64 pollutants and pollutant classes and considered non - cancer, cancer, and taste and odor effects. Over the years, these criteria have evolved and have included additional pollutants and pollutant classes.
During the last decade, policy has shifted from a program -by-program, source-by-source, pollutant-by- pollutant approach to more watershed -based strategies. Ultimately, these criteria are used by states for establishing water quality standards under Section 303 (c) of the CWA and provide a basis for controlling discharges or releases of pollutants.
Section 401 – Water Quality Certification
CWA Section 401 requires that an applicant pursuing a federal permit to conduct any activity that may result in a discharge of a pollutant obtain a water quality certification (or waiver). Water quality certifications are issued by RWQCBs in California. Under CWA, the state (as implemented by the relevant board) must issue or waive CWA 401 water quality certification for the Project to be permitted under CWA 404. Water quality certification requires the evaluation of water quality considerations associated with dredging or the placement of fill materials into waters of the United States. Construction of individual projects within the City would require CWA 401 certification for the Project if CWA 404 were triggered.
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Waste Discharge Regulations The 1972 amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act established the NPDES permit program to control discharges of pollutants from point sources (CWA 402) , as discussed in Section 4.4. The 1987 amendments to CWA created a new section of CWA devoted to stormwater permitting (CWA 402[p]). The USEPA has granted California primacy in administering and enforcing the provisions of CWA and the NPDES permit program, which is the pr imary federal program that regulates point -source and nonpoint -source
21 (California Department of Water Resources. Natural Resources Agency 2015) 22 (United States Department of Agriculture 2019)
23 (California Department of Water Resources 2018)
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discharges to waters of the United States. SWRCB issues both general and individual permits for certain activities. Relevant general and individual NPDES permits are discussed below.
Phase II MS4 Permit
The SWRCB, in response to the USEPA, issued Water Quality Order No. 2013 -001-DWQ NPDES General Permit No. CAS000004, Waste Discharge Requirements for Storm Water Discharges from Small Municipal Separate Storm Systems (MS4s) in February 2 013 which went into effect July 2013. The MS4 Permit requires urban municipalities with predetermined inclusion reequipments to file an application and comply with prescriptive tasks over the 5-year permit term. The prescriptive tasks include, but are not limited to, public outreach and involvement, illicit discharge detection and elimination (IDDE), construction site runoff control, post -construction storm water management, municipality facility and operation good housekeeping, water quality monitoring, and municipality assessment and reporting.
Construction Stormwater NPDES Permit
A Construction NPDES General Permit for Discharges of Storm Water Associated with Construction Activity (Construction General Permit (CGP), Water Quality Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ) is required for dischargers or projects who disturb one acre or more of soil or whose project disturbs less than one acre, but which is part of a larger common plan of development that in total disturbs one acre or more. This CGP was adopted in September 2009 and went into effect July 2010.
The CGP requires the development of Permit Registration Documents (PRDs) which include the development and implementation of a SWPPP. The SWPPP must contain a site map(s) which shows the construction site pe rimeter, existing and proposed buildings, lots, roadways, stormwater collection and discharge points, general topography both before and after construction, and drainage patterns across the project. The SWPPP must list /describe BMPs the discharger would use to prevent polluted stormwater runoff and show the placement of those BMPs. Additionally, the SWPPP must contain a visual monitoring program, a chemical monitoring program for “non -visible” pollutants, and a sediment monitoring plan if the site discharges directly to a water body listed on the 303(d) list for sediment. Attachment B of the CGP describes the elements that must be contained in a SWPPP. Additional PRD requirements are described in Attachments C-E in the CGP.
General Dewatering Permit
Small amounts of construction -related dewatering are covered under the CGP. Large amounts of dewatering, particularly over lengthy periods of time would be required to comply with the General Dewatering Permit. Project-related dewatering is likely to be limited in nature and scope and would likely be covered under the CGP. However, some projects may result in larger amount s of dewatering than covered under the CGP and a Low Threat Discharge and Dewatering Permit would need to be obtained from the Central Valley RWQCB.
Section 404
CWA Section 404 regulates the discharge of dredged and fill materials into Waters of the United States, which include oceans, bays, rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, and wetlands. Project proponents must obtain a permit from the USACE for al l discharges of dredged or fill material into Waters of the United States, including wetlands, before proceeding with a proposed activity. Before any actions that may impact surface waters are carried out, a delineation of jurisdictional waters of the Unit ed States must be completed following USACE protocols (Environmental Laboratory 1987) to determine whether a particular project area encompasses wetlands or other waters of the United States that qualify for CWA protection. These include any or all of the following:
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• Areas within the ordinary high -water mark of a stream, including nonperennial streams with a defined bed and bank, and any stream channel that conveys natural runoff, even if it has been realigned; or
• Seasonal and perennial wetlands, including coastal wetlands.
Wetlands are defined for regulatory purposes as areas “inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions” (33 CFR 328.3; 40 CFR 230.3).
Under the CWA 404 permit program, general permits (known as nationwide permits) have been adopted, and coverage under nationwide permits is possible when the amount o f fill is relatively small (usually less than 0.5 acre). Individual projects within the City that do not qualify for a nationwide permit must obtain an individual permit.
National Flood Insurance Program
Congress passed the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973.
The intent of these acts was to reduce the need for large, publicly funded flood control structures and disaster relief by restricting development on floodplains.
Federal Emergency Management Act (FEMA) administers the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to provide subsidized flood insurance to communities that comply with FEMA regulations limiting development in floodplains. FEMA issues Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) for communities participating in the NFIP.
Executive Order 11988
Executive Order 11988 (Floodplain Management) addresses floodplain issues related to public safety, conservation, and economics. It generally requires federal agencies constructing, permitting, or funding to 1) avoid incompatible floodplain development; 2) be consistent with the standards and criteria of the NFIP; and 3) restore and preserve natural and beneficial floodplain values.
State
Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act of 1969
The Porter -Cologne Water Quality Control Act established the SWRCB and divided the state into nine regional basins, each with a RWQCB. The SWRCB is the primary state agency responsible for protecting the quality of the States surface and groundwater supplies, while the regional bo ards are responsible for developing and enforcing water quality objectives and implementation plans. The Project would be within the jurisdiction of Central Valley RWQCB.
The act authorizes the SWRCB to enact State policies regarding water quality in accordance with the CWA Section 303. In addition, the act authorizes the SWRCB to issue WDRs for projects that would discharge to state waters. The Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act requires that the SWRCB or the Central Valley RWQCB adopt water quality control plans (basin plans) for the protection of water quality. A basin plan must:
• Identify beneficial uses of water to be protected;
• Establish water quality objectives for the reasonable protection of the beneficial uses; and • Establish a program of implementation for achieving the water quality objectives. 1197
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Basin plans also provide the technical basis for determining waste discharge requirements, taking enforcement actions, and evaluating clean water grant proposals. Basin plans are updated and reviewed every 3 years in accordance with Article 3 of Porter -Cologne Water Quality Control Act and CWA 303(c) (Central Valley RWQCB 2004 with approved amendments).
California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Central Valley Region – Basin Plan Water quality in streams and aquifers of the region is guided and regulated by the Central Valley RWQCB Tulare Lake Basin Plan. 24 State policy for water quality control is directed at achieving the highest water quality consistent with the maximum benefit to the people of the state. To develop water quality standards consistent with the uses of a water body, the Central Valley RWQCB classifies historical, present, and potential future beneficial uses as part of its basin plan. The Central Valley RWQCB Basin Plan identifies the beneficial uses of the Tulare Lake basin.
Although the Cameron Creek is not specifically listed on the Tulare Lake Basin Plan, the Valley Floor Creeks are listed for agriculture, industrial, process water, recreation, warm water habitat, wild habi tat, rare species habitat, and groundwater recharge. A detailed discussion of beneficial uses and water quality objectives can be found in the Basin Plan.
The Central Valley RWQCB Basin Plan has also established the water quality objectives for dissolved oxygen in various habitats. The objective for warm water beneficial use habitats is 5mg/L minimum; and for cold water habitats is 7mg/L minimum.25
The Central Valley RWQCB Basin Plan also states that turbidity shall not be increased by more than 1 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) when ambient turbidity is between 0 and 5 NTU. Turbidity shall not be increased by more than 20 percent when ambient turbidity is between 5 and 50 NTU. Finally, when ambient turbidity is greater than 100 NTU, turbidity shall not be increased by more than 10 percent.26 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
In September 2014, the California Legislature enacted a three -bill law (A B 1739, SB 1168, and SB 1319), known as the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). SGMA was cre ated to provide a framework for the sustainable management of groundwater supplie s and intended to empower local agencies to adopt groundwater management plans that are tailored to the resources and needs of their communities, such that sustainable managem ent would provide a buffer against drought and climate change, and ensure reliable water supplies regardless of weather patterns. SGMA is considered part of the statewide, comprehensive California Water Action Plan that includes water conservation, water recycling, expanded water storage, safe drinking water, and wetlands and watershed restoration. It protects existing surface water and groundwater rights and does not affect current drought response measures.27 SGMA requires that local agencies form a local groundwater sustainability agency within 2 years (i.e., by 2017). This process is not subject to LAFCo purview. Agencies located within high - or medium -priority basins must adopt groundwater sustainability pla ns within 5 to 7 years. The time frame for basins determined by DWR to be in a condition of “critical overdraft” is 5 years (i.e., by 2020). Local agencies would have 20 years to fully implement groundwater sustainability plans after the plans have been ad opted.
Intervention by the SWRCB would occur if a groundwater sustainability agency is not formed by the local agencies, and/or if a groundwater sustainability plan is not adopted or implemented. 28
24 (California Water Boards 2022)
25 (California Regional Water Quality Control Board Central Valley Region 2018) 26 Ibid.
27 (California Department of Water Resources 2023)
28 (California Department of Water Resources 2023)
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Streambed Alteration Agreement
The CDFW regulates streambed alterations in accordance with the California Fish and Game Code 1601 – 1616: Lake or Streambed Alteration Agreements. Whenever a project proposes to alter a streambed, channel, or bank, an agreement with CDFW is required. The agreement is a legally binding document that describes measures agreed to by both parties to reduce risks to fish and wildlife in the stream system during the project. This is a separate process from CEQA approval but is usually coordinated with CEQA compliance. Agreements typically have fewer procedural and legal requirements than CEQA in order to work with small-scale projects that are important to fish. Timeframes for agreements are 30 days for CDFW to determine the completeness of an application and an additional 60 days to pro vide a draft agreement to the applicant.
Local
Phase II MS4 Permit
The Municipal Storm Water Permitting Program established under NPDES regulates storm water discharges from MS4s. In the first phase, the SWRCB issued permits to medium and large municipalit ies, typically grouped as co -permittees in a metropolitan region. In the second phase, the SWRCB adopted a General Permit for the Discharge of Storm Water from Small MS4s. In 2013, SWRCB, in response to the USEPA, issued Water Quality Order No. 2013 -001-DWQ NPDES General Permit No. CAS000004, Waste Discharge Requirements for Storm Water Discharges from Small MS4s in February 2013, which went into effect July 2013. The MS4 Permit requires urban municipalities with predetermined inclusion reequipments to file an application and comply with prescriptive tasks over the 5-year permit term. The prescriptive tasks include, but are not limited to, public outreach and involvement, IDDE, construction site runoff control, post - construction storm water management, munic ipality facility and operation good housekeeping, water quality monitoring, and municipality assessment and reporting.
The City applied with the SWRCB under the Phase II MS4 Permit in July 2013, covering the City itself, and the Storm Water Management Program for County, which covers all unincorporated parts of the County, including the Project site. The City, under previous permit issuances, developed and adopted Stormwater Management Plans in 2005 and 2008, respectively.
Visalia Urban Water Management Plan
California Water Service Company 29 Visalia District 20 20 UWMP evaluates water demand and potential supply based on projected population and urban area growth. Water Code Section 10644(a) requires urban water suppliers t o file UWMPs with the DWR, the California State Library, and any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies. The UWMP describes the water system, system demands, system supplies, water supply reliability and water shortage contingency planning, and demand management measures.
City of Visalia General Plan
• Objective OSC -O-6: Protect water resources vital to the health of the community residents and important to the Planning Area’s ecological and economic stability. • Objective OSC -O-7: Preserve and enhance Planning Area waterways and adjacent corridors as valuable community resources which serve as plant and wildlife habitats, as groundwater recharge facilities, as flood control and irrigation components, and as connections between open sp ace areas.
29 California Water Service Company is an investor-owned corporate purveyor of water to the City of Visalia. 1199
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• Objective OSC-O-8: Continue to participate in a waterway program involving the Tulare Irrigation District, irrigation companies, private water companies and state agencies. • Policy OSC-P-18: Establish a liability agreement between the City, Tular e Irrigation District, water conservation districts and ditch companies related to public access and trail use and riparian corridor enhancement programs.
City of Visalia Municipal Code: Flood Plain Management Ordinance Chapter 15.60 Chapter 15.60, “Flood Plain Management Ordinance,” of the City of Visalia Municipal Code is intended to promote the public health, safety and general welfare, and to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in specific areas by provisions designed to:
• Protect human life and health;
• Minimize expenditure of public money for costly flood control projects; • Minimize the need for rescue and relief efforts associated with flooding events and generally undertaken at the expense of the general public;
• Minimize prolonged business interruptions;
• Minimize damage to public facilities and utilities such as water and gas mains; electric, telephone and sewer lines; and streets and bridges located in special flood hazard areas; • Help maintain a stable tax base by providing for the sound use and development of special flood hazard areas so as to minimize future blighted areas caused by flood damage; • Ensure that potential buyers are notified that property is located in a special flood hazard area; and • Ensure that those who occupy properties located in special flood hazard areas assume responsibility for their actions.
Methods to reduce flood losses through this chapter involve regulations pertaining to the following:
• Restrict or prohibit uses which are dangerous to health, safety and property due to water or erosion hazards;
• Require that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities which serve such uses, be protected against flood damage at the time of initial construction; • Control the alteration of natural floodplains, stream channels and natural protective barriers, which help accommodate or channel floodwaters;
• Control filling, grading, dredging, and other development which may increase flood damage; and • Prevent or regulate the construction of flood barriers which will unnaturally divert floodwaters or which may increase flood hazards in other areas.
Impact Analysis
a) Would the project violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherw ise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality?
Less than Significant Impact. Surface runoff from the subdivision and the surrounding developments would be accommodated by the proposed ponding basin park on the eastern edge of the Project sit e.
The basin is sized in accordance with lot coverage and runoff coefficients, and therefore, impacts would be less than significant. Runoff generated as a result of the increase permeability of the Project site would be accommodated by the proposed park basin. Connection to City facilities would not violate any waste discharge requirements. Water quality for domestic/potable use is controlled by the City itself pursuant to State water quality regulations. It is not anticipated that the Project would degrade either surface- or ground-water quality. In addition, the Project would be required to complete and comply with a SWPPP 1200
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prior to and during construction of the subdivision. Thus, the Project would have a less than significant impact.
b) Would the project su bstantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin?
Less than Significant Impact. Cal Water delivers local groundwater and operate s 59 wells across the Visalia service area, which would include the Project site once annexed into the City. According to the Visalia District 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP), in 2020, the total system demand was 30,152 af.30. In 2020, single family uses used 19,359 af, which accounted for 64 percent of the total water used.
The UWMP projected water demands for potable and non-potable water. Projected water demand from 2025 through 2045 are shown in Table 4-19.
Table 4-19: Use for Potable and Non-Potable Water – Projected Use for Potable and Non-Potable Water – Projected
Use Type Additional Description
(as needed)
Projected Water Use (AF)
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Single Family 20,815 22,593 24,604 26,513 28,705
Multi-Family 1,583 1,686 1,815 1,945 2,070
Commercial 5,634 6,009 6,448 6,891 7,364
Institutional/Governmental 2,854 3,152 3,483 3,819 4,164 Industrial 308 308 308 308 308
Other Potable 223 223 223 223 223
Landscape (b) 0 0 0 0 0
Losses (c) 1,102 1,304 1,429 1,559 1,695
Total 32,520 35,276 38,310 41,258 44,529
NOTES:
(a) District’s billing system does not track this use type separate from other use types (b) Real and apparent losses
The Project consists of 273 dwelling units and the average household size in Visalia is 2.99; therefore, the Project would house approximately 816 people.31 According to the UWMP, the amount of groundwater pumped during the year 2020 was 30,152-acre feet or 26.9 million gallons per day.
The proposed 273-lot subdivision would be expected to use approximately 178,704 gallons of water per day (816 people x 219 gallons/day) under normal operation, including domestic and landscape irrigation.
30 (California Water Service 2021)
31 (United States Census Bureau 2020)
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This equates to approximately 200.17 -acre feet per year. Therefore, given existing conditions, water consumption would increase by 4 acre-feet per year. Although the Project would utilize groundwater for domestic purposes, the amount of water used is not considered significant and would not significantly lower the groundwater table of the aquifer or interfere substantially with the recharge of the underground aquifer.
The Project would pay its fair share of installation of improvements and pay all development fees related to water service. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. c) Would the project substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would:
i. result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site; See section iv.
ii. substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or off-site;
See section iv.
iii. create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff; or
See section iv.
iv. impede or redirect flood flows?
c i-iv) Less than Significant Impact. The Project would result in some soil erosion and the loss of topsoil due to Project re lated construction activities. The drainage pattern of the new subdivision would be altered to flow to the proposed park basin that would be constructed as a part of the Project . Through the completion of a SWPPP and the implementation of the applicable be st management practices, any potential impacts from the altering of drainage patterns would be limited to less than significant. d) Would the project in flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundations?
Less than S ignificant Impact. Cameron Creek and a Tulare Irrigation District ditch run along the easternmost and westernmost portions of the Project site, respectively. Furthermore, the eastern half of the Project is located in a 100-year floodplain (see
Figure 4-3), and thus the Project would be required to elevate the proposed structures to be located one foot above the flood elevation. In order to minimize erosion and run-off during construction activities, a SWPPP would be implemented, and the contractor would comply with all Cal/OSHA regulations regarding regular maintenance and inspection of equipment, spill prevention, and spill remediation in order to reduce the potential for incidental release of pollutants or hazardous substances onsite. While the Project 1202
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would be located within a 100-year flood zone, the measures listed above would diminish any potential impacts to a less than significant level.
e) Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project site is located within the Greater Kaweah Groundwater Sustainability Agency’s boundary, whose Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) was adopted in January 2020. As the Project w ould not result in a significant decrease in groundwater compared to baseline conditions, and would follow the policies of the GSP, the Project w ould not conflict with or obstruct implementation of the GSP. Impacts would be less than significant impact. 1203
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Figure 4-3: FEMA Flood Map
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4.11 LAND USE AND PLANNING
Table 4-20: Land Use and Planning Impacts
Would the project:
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Physically divide an established
community?
b) Cause a significant environmental impact
due to a conflict with any land use plan,
policy, or regulation adopted for the
purpose of avoiding or mitigating an
environmental effect?
Baseline Conditions
The Project site currently consists of orchards. The Project site is surrounded by a subdivision to the north, agricultural land to the west and east, and a Southern California Edison substation to the south. The City of Visalia General Plan Update land us e diagram designates the Project site as Low Density Residential. The Project site is currently zoned AE-20 (Exclusive Agricultural, 20-acre minimum parcel size) by the County of Tulare and prezoned by the City as R -1-5. General Plan land use designations and Zone Districts of the 1205
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Project site and surrounding areas are illustrated in
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Figure 2-4 and
Figure 2-5.
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Applicable Regulations
Federal
There are no federal regulations, plans, programs, or guidelines associated with land use that are applicable to the Project.
State
Regional Housing Needs Plan
California General Plan law requires each city and county to have land zoned to accommodate a fair share of the regional housing need. (Government Code section 65584, et seq.) The share is known as a regional housing needs assessment or RHNA and is based on a regional housing needs plan or RHNP developed by each council of government. The state-mandated RHNA process (Government Code Sections 65580 et seq.) requires Tulare COG to develop a methodology that determines how to divide and distribute an overall allocation that the region receives from the State. Currently there are no RHNA assignments as sociated with the Project site.
Local
City of Visalia General Plan
• Objective LU-O-7: Preserve and enhance qualities that make Visalia an ideal place to do business and promote a positive image of Visalia as a desirable place to live, visit, and do business. • Objective LU-O-16: Create a safe, walkable and attractive urban environment for current and future generations of residents.
• Objective LU-O-23: Provide a range of housing types and prices within new neighborhoods to meet the needs of all segments of the community.
• Objective LU-O-25: Create an open space system that links neighborhoods, complements adjacent land uses and serves multiple needs.
• Policy LU-P-21: Allow annexation and development of residential […] land to occur within the Urban Development Boundary (Tier II) […] consistent with the City’s Land Use Diagram, according to the following phasing thresholds:
o “Tier II”: Tier II supports a target buildout population of approximately 178,000. The expansion criteria for land in Tier II is that land would only become availa ble for development when building permits have been issued in Tier I at the following levels, starting from April 1, 2010:
▪ Residential: after permits for 5,850 housing units have been issued. • Policy LU-P-29: Use regional and community parks and open space to enhance gateways to the City and as a buffer between adjacent communities.
• Policy LU-P-37: Adopt specific development standards for scenic entryways (gateways) and roadway corridors into the City, including special setback and landscape standards, open space and park development, and/or land use designations.
• Policy LU-P-41: Use Mill, Packwood and Cameron Creeks and other waterways as natural amenities and links between neighborhoods.
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• Policy LU -P-43: Work with utilities and transportation companies to landscape power line and railroad right-of-ways throughout the community and to underground utilities where possible. • Policy LU-P-44: Develop land use and site design measures for areas adjacent to high voltage power facilities. Measures will include land scape buffers and mandatory setbacks from substations and transmission towers and lines.
• Policy LU -P-48: Establish criteria and standards of pedestrian, bicycle and vehicle circulation networks within new subdivisions and non-residential development. • Policy LU-P-51: Provide development standards to ensure residential development is not negatively affected by adjacent non-residential land uses.
• Objective OSC -O-7: Preserve and enhance Planning Area waterways and adjacent corridors as valuable community resources which serve as plant and wildlife habitats, as groundwater recharge facilities, as flood control and irrigation components, and as connections between open spaces. • Policy OSC-P-8: Protect, restore, and enhance a continuous corridor of native riparian vegetation along Planning Area waterways, including the St. John’s River; Mill, Packwood, and Cameron Creeks; and segments of other creeks and ditches where fea sible, in conformance with the Parks and Open Space diagram of this General Plan.
Waterway corridors provide irrigation water for agriculture, recreational opportunities, habitat, and storm drainage. They will provide new links between neighborhoods, parks , and Downtown, and provide a new way of experiencing the City and understanding its natural setting. • Policy OSC-P-14: Establish design and development standards for new development in waterway corridors to preserve and enhance irrigation capabilities, if provided, and the natural riparian environment along these corridors. In certain locations or where conditions require it, alternative designs such as terraced seating or a planted wall system may be appropriate.
As part of Plan implementation, examples o f waterway bank treatments should be developed to facilitate adoption of these standards.
• Policy OSC-P-17: Require that new development along waterways maintain a visual orientation and active interface with waterways. Develop design guidelines to be used for review and approval of subdivision and development proposals to illustrate how this can be accomplished for different land uses in various geographic settings.
• Policy OSC -P-23: Where no urban development exists, maintain a minimum riparian habitat development setback from the discernible top of the bank – 50 feet for both sides of the Mill, Packwood and Cameron Creek corridors and 25 feet for both sides of Modoc, Persian and Mill Creek Ditches – provided that where riparian trees are located within 100 feet of the discernible top of the banks of the Creek corridors and 50 from the banks of the ditches, the setback shall be wide enough to include five feet outside the drip line of such trees. Restore and enhance the area within the setback with native vegetation.
o Where existing development or land committed to development prohibits the 50 foot setback on Mill, Packwood and Cameron Creek corridors, provide the maximum amount of land available for a development setback.
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o Where existing development or land co mmitted to development prohibits the 25 foot setback along Modoc, Persian, and Mill Creek Ditches, provide the maximum amount of land available for a development setback.
An exception to these setback requirements also may be allowed to permit piping of the ditch where necessary to meet City standards, and where no riparian trees will be lost.
City of Visalia Municipal Code
The intent of the QP zone is to allow for the location of institutional, academic, community service, governmental, and nonprofit uses. According to Municipal Code section 17.52.020, “Permitted uses in this zone include public uses of an administrative, recreational, public service or cultural type including city, county, state or federal administrative centers and courts, libraries, museums, art galleries, police and fire stations and other public building, structures and facilities; public playgrounds, parks and community centers.”32 The R-1-5 zone is to provide living area within the city where development is limited to low density concentrations of one-family dwellings where regulations are designed to accomplish the following:
to promote and encourage a suitable environment for family life; to provide space for community facilities needed to compliment urban residential areas and for institutions that require a residential environment; to minimize traffic congestion and to avoid an overload of utilities designed to service only low density residential use. Permitted uses in this zone district include single-family dwellings.
Waterways and Trails Master Plan
The Waterways and Trails Master Plan, outlines goals, policies, design standards, and implementation strategies for the development of a multi -purpose trail system along Visalia’s primary community waterways. The trail system s would link neighborhoods, parks, schools, Downtown, and other activity centers. The plan focuses on developing trails along three waterways: Packwood Creek, Mill Creek, and Cameron Creek. The Master Plan also identifies that the Class I trail that would run along Mill Creek and connect to the proposed Class I trail running north/south along the power line easement, west of the Project site.33 These trails are designed to link with the City’s existing trail system along the St. Johns River and the bike net work. Mill Creek is proposed to be fully daylighted through Downtown. Ultimately, the completed system would form a “ring recreational trail” around the City’s periphery, several cross -town routes along waterways and other primary corridors, and a major north/south route along Santa Fe Avenue.
Along each waterway, a preferred trail alignment is identified, and recommendations and policies are made for landscaping improvements and habitat restoration within the waterway setback.34 Impact Analysis
a) Would the project physically divide an established community? Less than Significant Impact. The Project involves the development of 273 single-family residential lots in southeast Visalia. The Project area is classified by the City’s General Plan as Low Density Re sidential and as AE-20 by the County of Tulare’s Zoning Ordinance. The Project site will be annexed into the City and zoned R-1-5 (Single family Residential, 5,000 square foot minimum) . The Project will create a new residential subdivision which is consistent with the city’s current General Plan land use designation. The site is currently an agricultural orchard located adjacent to an existing residential subdivision.
Development of the site will reduce vehicular obstructions by creating new roads and sidewalks.
32 (American Legal Publishing 2023)
33 (RRM Design Group 2010)
34 (CIty of Visalia, Dyett & Bhatia, Urban and Regional Planners, ICF International, Provost and Pritchard Consulting Group, Omni-Means, Transportation Planners and Engineers 2014)
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Implementation of the Project would provide additional housing and an expansion of services. Therefore, the Project would not physically divide an established community and would have less than significant impact.
b) Would the project cause a significant environmental conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? No Impact. The Project proposes to construct 273 single family low density units within the a 67.5-acre Project site. As illustrated in Figure 2-4 and Figure 2-5, the City of Visalia General Plan land use diagram designates the Project site as Low Density Residential, and the County of Tulare Zoning Ordinance designates the Project site as AE-20. The Project proposes to annex the site into the City and prezone the site into the R -1-5 (Single Family Low Density Residential) Zone District and QP for the public park and regional basin area. Therefore, the Project would not cause a significant environmental conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation since it would be consistent with land use designation standards.
Therefore, there would be no impact.
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4.12 MINERAL RESOURCES
Table 4-21: Mineral Resources Impacts
Would the project:
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Result in the loss of availability of a known
mineral resource that would be of value to
the region and the residents of the state?
b) Result in the loss of availability of a locally
important mineral resource recovery site
delineated on a local general plan, specific
plan or other land use plan?
Baseline Conditions
Visalia is part of the Central Valley region, one of several geomorphic provinces in California. The most economically significant mineral resources in Tulare County are sand, gravel, and crushed stone, used as sources for aggregate (road materials and other construction). The two major sources of aggregate are alluvial deposits (riverbeds, and floodplains), and hard rock quarries. Consequently, most Tulare County mines are located along rivers at the base of the Sierra foothills. Surface mining in California is regulated through the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (SMARA), a State law adopted in 1975 to address the dual goals of protecting the state’s need for a continuing supply of mineral resources, while pr otecting public and environmental health. SMARA requires that all cities incorporate into their general plans mapped mineral resource designations approved by the State Mining and Geology Board. The Visalia Planning Area contains three former sand and gravel mines, but no currently operating mines and no designated Mineral Resource Zones.35
Applicable Regulations
Federal
There are no federal regulations, plans, programs, and guidelines associated with mineral resources that are applicable to the Project.
State
California Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1975
Enacted by the State Legislature in 1975, the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (SMARA), Public Resources Code Section 2710, et seq., ensures a continuing supply of mineral resources for California. The Act creates surface mining and reclamation policy to ensure that:
• Production and conservation of minerals is encouraged; • Environmental effects are prevented or minimized;
35 (CIty of Visalia, Dyett & Bhatia, Urban and Regional Planners, ICF International, Provost and Pritchard Consulting Group, Omn i-Means, Transportation Planners and Engineers 2014)
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• Consideration is given to recreational activities, watersheds, wildlife, range and forage, and aesthetic enjoyment;
• Mined lands are reclaimed to a useable condition once mining is completed; and • Hazards to public safety both now and in the future are eliminated.
Areas in the State (i.e., a city or county) that do not have their own regulations for mining and reclamation activities rely on the Department of Conservation Division of Mine Reclamation to enforce this law. SMARA contains provisions for the inventory of mineral lands in the State of California. The State Geologist, in accordance with the SWRCB Guidelines for Classification and Designation of Mineral Lands, must classify Mineral Resource Zones as designated below:
• MRZ-1. Areas where available geologic information indicates that there is minimal likelihood of significant resources.
• MRZ-2. Areas underlain by mineral deposits where geologic data indicate that significant mineral deposits are located or likely to be located.
o MRZ-2a. Areas containing mineral deposits that have geologic data to confirm that significant measured or indicated resources are present. o MRZ-2b. Areas containing mineral deposits where geologic information indicates that inferred resources are present.
• MRZ-3. Areas where mineral deposits are found but the significance of the deposits cannot be evaluated without further exploration.
o MRZ-3a. Areas considered having a moderate potential for mineral deposits of economic value.
o MRZ-3b. Areas that include inferred mineral deposits that could possibly qualify as mineral resources.
• MRZ-4. Areas where there is not enough information to assess the zone. These are areas that have unknown mineral resource significance.
SMARA only covers mining activities that impact or disturb the surface of the land. Deep mining (tunnel) or petroleum and gas production is not covered by SMARA.
Local
There are no local regulations, plans, programs, and guidelines associated with mineral resources that are applicable to the Project.
Impact Analysis
a) Would the project result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state?
No Impact. According to the City of Visalia General Plan Update Draft Environmental Impact Report, the City of Visalia Planning Area, including the Project site, does not contain land desig nated as mineral resource zone. Also, there are no active mining operations, therefore there would be no impact. 1213
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b) Would the project result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan? No Impact. As discussed above, there are no active mining operations or lands designated as a mineral resource zone in the City of Visalia’s Planning Area, therefore the Project would not result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan. There would be no impact. 1214
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4.13 NOISE
Table 4-22: Noise Impacts
Would the project result in:
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Generation of a substantial temporary or
permanent increase in ambient noise levels
in the vicinity of the project in excess of
standards established in the local general
plan or noise ordinance, or applicable
standards of other agencies?
b) Generation of excessive ground borne
vibration or ground borne noise levels?
c) For a project located within the vicinity of a
private airstrip or an airport land use plan
or, where such a plan has not been
adopted, within two miles of a public
airport or public use airport, would the
project expose people residing or working
in the project area to excessive noise
levels?
Baseline Conditions
The Project site is located in an area that has historically been used for agricultural purposes, substantially surrounded by agriculture uses almost all around with the exception of s ingle family residences north of the project site . In addition, there are no schools within one mile radius of the project site, the closest school is Annie R. Mitchell (1.03 miles northwest) located nearby. The nearest major intersection to the Project site is South McAuliff Street and East Walnut Avenue. East Walnut Avenue and South McAuliff Street are designated Arterial and Collector by the City of Visalia General Plan Circulation Element , respectively.
The San Joaquin Valley Railroad maintains a rail line immediately south of the Project site, which sees approximately two trains per day. The Project site is within proximity of two railroad crossings, and is not located in an FRA Quiet Zone.
Applicable Regulations
State
State of California General Plan Guidelines
The State of California General Plan Guidelines (OPR 2003) id entify guidelines for the noise elements of local GPs, including a sound level/land use compatibility chart that categorizes, by land use, outdoor Ldn ranges in up to four categories (normally acceptable, conditionally acceptable, normally unacceptable, and clearly unacceptable). For many land uses, the chart shows overlapping Ldn ranges for two or more compatibility categories. The noise element guideline chart identifies the normally acceptable range of Ldn values for low-density residential uses as less than 60 dB and the conditionally acceptable range as 55–70 dB. The normally acceptable range for high-density residential uses is identified as Ldn values below 65 dB, and the conditionally acceptable range is identified as 60–70 dB. For educational and medical facilities, Ldn 1215
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values below 70 dB are considered normally acceptable, and Ldn values of 60 –70 dB is considered conditionally acceptable. For office and commercial land uses, Ldn values below 70 dB are considered normally acceptable, and Ldn values of 67.5–77.5 are categorized as conditionally acceptable. When noise levels are in the conditionally acceptable range new construction should be undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements is made and needed noise insulatio n requirements are included in the design. These overlapping Ldn ranges are intended to indicate that local conditions (existing sound levels and community attitudes toward dominant sound sources) should be considered in evaluating land use compatibility at specific locations.
Local
City of Visalia General Plan
The current Noise Element of the City’s GP establishes goals and policies intended to limit community exposure to excessive noise levels. Visalia’s current GP identifies noise sources such as roadways, rails, and airports within the city and includes land use compatibility guidelines.
Noise Ordinance
Chapter 8.36 of the City’s Municipal Code contains the City’s noise ordinance, which establishes exterior and interior noise level standards. Exterior and interior noise levels may not exceed any of the categorical noise level standards shown in Table 4-23:
Table 4-23: City of Visalia - Noise Level Standards
City of Visalia’s Noise Level Standards
Categories
Cumulative
number of minutes
in any one-hour
time period
Evening and daytime
(6:00 a.m. to 7:00
p.m.)
Nighttime
(7:00 p.m. to 6:00
a.m.)
Exterior Levels
1 30 50 45
2 15 55 50
3 5 60 55
4 1 65 60
5 0 70 65
Interior Levels
1 5 45 35
2 1 50 40
3 0 55 45
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Impact Analysis
a) Would the project result in generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient Would the project result in generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies?
Less than Significant Impact. The construction for the Project will create a temporary increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the Project in excess of the standards established in the local general plan , noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies for approximately 21 months . The construction required for the completion of this Project would temporarily increase noise levels above what is allowed by the City’s Noise Ordinance (Table 4-23); however, construction related activities are allowed between 6 am – 7 pm during the week and between 9 am – 7 pm on the weekends. Construction related noise would be temporary and would cea se upon completion of the Project. The Project site is currently has varying levels of noise due to historical agricultural equipment use and daily train noise. In addition, according to the inverse square law, noise diminishes from its source by six dBA with each doubling of distance from origin. As a result, any noise generated from the Project site would have a diminished effect when heard from people in the surrounding area. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant.
b) Would the project result in generation of excessive ground borne vibration or ground borne noise levels? Less than Significant Impact . Construction equipment generates vibrations that spread through the ground and diminish in amplitude with distance from the source. Construction and agricultural activities can result in varying degrees of ground vibration, depending on the equipment and methods used, distance to the affected structures, and soil type. The generation of vibration can range from no perceptible effects at the lowest vib ration levels, to low rumbling sounds and perceptible vibrations at moderate levels, to slight damage at the highest levels. Ground-borne vibration or ground-borne noise levels from construction would be temporary in nature . In addition, vibration levels s ubside with increased distance from the source, diminishing the effect the Project would have. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant.
c) For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? No Impact. The Project is not located in the vicinity of a private airstrip or within an airport land use plan.
The nearest airport or airstrip to the Project site Visalia Municipal Airport approximately 9.8 miles southwest of the Project site. Therefore, there would be no impact. 1217
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4.14 POPULATION AND HOUSING
Table 4-24: Population and Housing Impacts
Would the project:
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Induce substantial unplanned population
growth in an area, either directly (for
Sample, by proposing new homes and
businesses) or indirectly (for example,
through extension of roads or other
infrastructure)?
b) Displace substantial numbers of existing
people or housing, necessitating the
construction of replacement housing
elsewhere?
Baseline Conditions
The Project site is located on approximately 67.7 acres of land to the southeast of the City of Visalia that would be annexed into the City as a part of the Project. Land being annexed into the City is currently zoned for agricultural use (AE -20). Accordin g to the United States Census Bureau, the City of Visalia had a population of 141,384 people in 2020. The Census Bureau estimated that in 2020 the City had a rate of
2.99 people per household. 36 The General Plan planned land use designation for the Projec t site is Low Density Residential, which permits residential land uses between two and ten dwelling units per acre. The area abutting Cameron Creek is designated as Conservation and is planned for a Class 1 trail.
Applicable Regulations
There are no federal, State, or local regulations, plans, programs, and guidelines associated with population or housing that are applicable to the Project.
Impact Analysis
a) Would the project induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for Sample, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project would not create a substantial increase in population in the area, either directly or indirectly. The Project would result in the construction of 273 houses within land that would be annexed into the City as a part of the Project. At 2.99 residents per household, the Project could potentially add 816 new people to the City’s population. The portion of the Project site that would contain the new 273 homes is designated for Low Density Residential use by the City of Visalia General Plan. Cameron Creek runs through the Project parcel to the southeast. East of the proposed subdivision and north of Cameron Creek a new ponding basin and park would be constructed as a part of the Project.
36 (United States Census Bureau 2022)
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Land to the south and east of Cameron Creek would not be altered by the Project. While the Project will result in population growth through the construction of 273 homes, the new development is consistent with the City’s General Plan Land Use designation of low density residential as the proposed density is
4.04 dwelling units per acre. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. b) Would the project displace su bstantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project would not displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere. The Project would result in the construction of 273 homes on land that would be annexed into the City of Visalia. Land being annexed into the City as a part of the project has historically been used for agricultural and has not been previously developed. No existing housing exists or would be demolished to facilitate the Project. Therefore, there would be no impact.
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4.15 PUBLIC SERVICES
Table 4-25: Public Services
Would the project:
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Result in substantial adverse physical
impacts associated with the provision of
new or physically altered governmental
facilities, need for new or physically altered
governmental facilities, the construction of
which could cause significant
environmental impacts, in order to
maintain acceptable service ratios,
response times or other performance
objectives for any of the public services:
Fire protection?
Police protection?
Schools?
Parks?
Other public facilities?
Baseline Conditions
The Project site is located around the southwest corner of South McAuliff Street and East Cherry Avenue, in Visalia’s southeast quadrant. It is approximately 67.5 acres of vacant property. The Project site is served by City of Visalia, Fire Station 56, Visalia Unified School District, and the City of Visalia Police Department.
Fire Protection: The City of Visalia , Fire Station 56, located 0.7 miles north of the Project site provides fire suppression and prevention, emergency and non-emergency medical services.
Police Protection : The City of Visalia Police Department, located 3.1 miles northwest of the Project sit e, provides 24-hour policing services within the city limits.
Schools: The Visalia Unified School District (VUSD) serves the project site. Annie R . Mitchell Elementary School is located approximately one mile west of the Project.
Parks: The City has 23 neighborhood parks located throughout the city. Kiwanis Park is the closest park to the Project site located one mile north of the Project. The park includes picnic tables, a playground, a basketball court, a skate element, and an open play area.
Applicable Regulations
State
State Open Space Standards
State planning law (Government Code Section 65560) provides a structure for the preservation of open space by requiring every city and county in the state to prepare, adopt, and submit to th e Secretary of Resources Agency a “local open -space plan for the comprehensive and long -range preservation and 1220
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conservation of open -space land within its jurisdiction.” This is commonly achieved by incorporating an “Open Space” Element as part of the City and County long range GPs. The following open space categories are identified by the State for preservation:
• Open space for public health and safety, including, but not limited to, areas that require special management or regulation due to hazardous or special conditions. • Open space for the preservation of natural resources, including, but not limited to, natural vegetation, fish and wildlife, and water resources.
• Open space for resource management and production, including, but not limited to, agricultural and mineral resources, forests, rangeland, and areas required for the recharge of groundwater basins.
• Open space for outdoor recreation, including, but not limited to, parks and recreational facilities, areas that serve as links between major recreation and open space reservations (such as trails, easements, and scenic roadways), and areas of outstanding scenic and cultural value. • Open space for the protection of Native American sites, including, but not limited to, places, features, and objects of historical, cultural, or sacred significance such as Native American sanctified cemeteries, places of worship, religious or ceremonial sites, or sacred shrines located on public property (further defined in California Public Resources Code Sections 5097.9 and 5097.993).
Local
City of Visalia General Plan: Parks, Schools, Community Facilities, and Utilities The Parks, Schools, Community Facilities, and Utilities Element of the City’s GP was last comprehensively updated in 2014. Regarding parks and recreation, the element presents City’s policies and programs for the development and maintenance of parks, schools, and other fundamental building blocks for new neighborhoods to be built over the next two decades. The Element objectives and goals pertaining to public services are as follows:
Fire:
• Policy S-O-4: Protect Visalia’s residents and businesses from potential fire hazards. • Policy S-P-22: Manage vegetation in areas within and adjacent to public rights-of-way and in close proximity to critical facilities in order to reduce the risk of tree failure and property damage and avoid creation of wind acceleration corridors within vegetated areas. • Policy S-P-27: Implement a fuel modification program, which also includes residential maintenance requirements and enforcement, plan submittal and approval process, guidelines for planting, and a listing of undesirable plant species. Require builders and developers to submit th eir plans, complete with proposed fuel modification zones, to the Fire Department for review and approval prior to beginning construction.
• Policy S-P-29: Ensure availability of adequate water supplies to meet public health and safety needs, and for resource protection, by maintaining the following order of priority for water use:
• Potable water supply, fire protection, and domestic use • Resource protection and preservation
• Industrial, irrigation and commercial uses
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• Water-oriented or water-enhanced recreation
• Air conditioning.
• Policy S-P-32: Continue to make available fire alarm systems, as referred in to in this Element, to be tied directly and automatically to the Visalia City Fire Chief’s alarm-receiving center.
• Policy S-P-41: Periodically conduct joint training exercises with the County, State, and federal agencies and others to with the goal of developing the best possible coordinated action in fire suppression and crowd control.
Police:
• Objective S-O-5: Provide a comprehensive program of safety services including police, fire and medical response in all parts of the Visalia Planning Area. • Policy S-P-30: Integrate the Tulare County Hazard Mitigation Plan, in particular the hazard analysis and mitigation strategy sections, into the development review process, the emergency operations plan, and capital improvement program, as appropriate.
• Policy PSCU-P-28: Investigate opportunities to locate emergency services substations (po lice, fire, etc.) adjacent to park sites.
Schools:
• Objective PSCU-O-8 Place elementary schools at the core of neighborhoods and co -locate schools with parks and neighborhood commercial areas.
• Objective PSCU-O-9: Coordinate the location of school sites in the community with the school district in an effort to assist the School District in providing school facilities at the optimum location and in a timely manner.
• Policy PSCU-P-34: Coordinate land use and development with school location and site design, working with the Visalia Unified School District and other districts to ensure that adequate facilities are available and integrated with neighborhoods.
Parks:
• Objective PSCU-O-1: Design parks and recreation facilities that will enhance community identity and serve the recreation and social needs of Visalians of all ages, economic situations and physical abilities.
• Objective PSCU-O-2: Continue to develop and expand special recreation amenities and programs for teens, senior citizens, and ethnic populations.
• Objective PSCU-O-3: Ensure that a wide variety of quality sports and aquatics opportunities, including Sports Tourism, are available to the community. • Objective PSCU-O-4: Emphasize health and wellness programs in light of childhood obesity and Type II diabetes challenges in the City and County.
• Objective PSCU-O-5: Continue Visalia’s strong volunteer program by expanding meaningful opportunities for community service in Parks and Recreation Department programs. • Objective PSCU-O-6: Maximize opportunities for joint use of public land and facilities involving schools, stormwater ponding basins and other areas under public jurisdiction suit able for recreation.
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• Policy PSCU-P-1: Prepare a Parks and Recreation Master Plan to implement Park policies in this General Plan. The Plan should include:
• An assessment of existing and future recreational needs, including the needs of specific user groups and the needs of older areas of the community as well as those in new neighborhoods; • An assessment of opportunities for joint -use of City -owned stormwater detention basins on a year-round or seasonal basis, including priorities, access, improvement needs, security and cost- sharing arrangements;
• Involvement of teens in design of teen programs and seniors in programs serving them; • A comprehensive program for providing facilities and recreational activities for identified needs, developed in consultation with VUSD and others involved in recreation programs, including joint- use opportunities with VUSD and other school districts and COS, and joint-use opportunities with City facilities, such as retention basins;
• Proposals for coordinating affordable child care with the City’s recreation programs; • Detailed design, construction and maintenance standards for parks and community centers and aquatic facilities emphasizing universal accessibility and barrier -free design, durability, low maintenance, and low water use;
• A program for retrofitting existing facilities to remove barriers to handicapped users over time; • An action plan to define priorities, responsibilities and scheduling; and • A comprehensive financing strategy for park and recreation facilities, including but not limited to the Park Acquisition and Development Fee, Recreation Program Fee policies, including provisions for fee reductions, scholarships and sponsorships, and marketing, including recreation as part of the City’s overall economic development plan.
• Policy PSCU -P-2: Strive to achieve and maintain a citywide standard of at least five acres of neighborhood and community parks per 1,000 residents.
• Policy PSCU-P-3: Reserve land and develop parks and public open spaces and recreation facilities consistent with designated Parks and Open Space land on the Land Use Diagram. • Policy SCU -P-5: Create new community parks in the Northwest, Southwest, and Southeast quadrants, consist ent with the Parks and Open Space diagram and the following planning guidelines:
• Size: 5-12 acres or more; and
• Facilities to be provided: large children’s play area, reserved picnic facilities, open play fields, community building, bicycle parking, and off-street parking. They also may include tennis courts, outdoor concert areas or other special facilities based on neighborhood needs and community input.
• Policy PSCU-P-11: Develop a system of natural corridors and greenways, consistent with the Parks and Open Space diagram (Figure 5 -1). These corridors will have biking and walking trails offering recreational opportunities and links between neighborhoods, parks, and Downtown. The system 1223
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of corridors will include waterway corridors as well as linear landscaped corridors to create natural gateways, parkways or buffer areas. More specifically, this system is envisioned to include:
• Greenway corridor along the St. Johns River, including broader areas to the northwest to accommodate open space areas, large group picnic facilities, a nature center, or other uses; • Greenway corridors along Mill, Packwood and Cameron Creeks, and segments of other waterways, with sufficient width to protect riparian habitat and accommodate a multi-use trail; • A landscaped corridor on both sides of Highway 198 providing a scenic gateway into Visalia from the west; and
• A landscaped buffer zone or parkway along Shirk Road separating industrial from residential areas, and a greenway along Road 148 marking the eastern edge of the City, both accommodating a multi-use trail.
• Policy PSCU-P-14: Design parks to enhance neighborhood character and minimize negative impacts. • Locate neighborhood parks with local or collector street frontages on at least three sides, and sidewalks and crossings designed for safe and easy pedestrian access. • Where a neighborhood park is part of a neighborhood node, it should be designed to promote visual connections and pedestrian movement between the park and adjacent uses such as schools and commercial uses.
• Policy PSCU-P-15: Provide lighted facilities for tennis, basketball or other recreational facilities and along pathways in order to extend usable hours. Lighting should be energy-efficient and designed to minimize light pollution.
• Policy PSCU-P-16: Provide at least one com munity center in each of the City’s four neighborhood quadrants. Use existing and new com -munity center facilities to provide multicultural programs and teen recreation activities and provide space for meetings and classes. Commun ity centers should be designed with community input, including guidance from a cross-section of user groups. • Policy PSCU -P-20: Promote private -sector and joint public -private development of commercial recreation facilities for league softball, indoor swimming, and golf, and other recreation uses that are available to the public for a fee or on a limited basis. Commercial recreation facilities will not be counted toward the City’s parkland acreage standard because they are not publicly accessible for all residents.
• Policy PSCU-P-24: Promote innovative park design that responds to neighborhood needs and user groups.
• Policy PSCU-P-25: Provide shade in parks by using arbors and other landscaping techniques. • Policy PSCU -P-26: Encourage cooperative agreements with the City and the Kaweah Water Conservation District, levee districts, irrigation companies, school district, College of the Sequoias, Southern California Edison Company and other public agencies and utilities to explo re innovative recreation open space facilities throughout the Visalia planning area. • Policy PSCU-P-27: Develop standards for recreation use on dual purpose park/pond sites to ensure that slopes and pumping equipment do not preclude recreation use and maintenance. • Policy PSCU-P-30: Incorporate barrier-free design in all new recreation and sports facilities, and renovate existing facilities to remove barriers to handicapped users. • Policy PSCU-P-47: Adopt and implement a Water Efficient Landscaping Ordinance for new and/or refurbished development that exceeds mandated sizes, and ensure that all new City parks, 1224
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streetscapes, and landscaped areas conform to the Ordinance requirements. The Ordinance should include provisions to optimize outdoor water use by:
• Promoting appropriate use of plants and landscaping; • Establishing limitations on use of turf including size of turf areas and use of cool-season turf such as Fescue grasses, with exceptions for specified uses (e.g., recreation playing fields, golf courses, and parks);
• Establishing water budgets and penalties for exceeding them; • Requiring automatic irrigation systems and schedules, including controllers that incorporate weather-based or other self-adjusting technology;
• Promoting the use of recycled water; and
• Minimizing overspray and runoff.
Other Public Facilities:
• Objective PSCU-O-12: Provide high quality government facilities and services to the general public. • Objective PSCU -O-16: Ensure that adequate wastewater collection, treatment, recycling and disposal facilities are provided in a timely fashion to serve existing and future needs. • Policy PSCU-P-57: Update the Water Conservation Plant Master Plan, Sewer System Master Plan, and any other specific Master Plans related to infrastructure development to ensur e that existing levels of service can be maintained for proposed land uses and development densities. • Policy PSCU-P-60: Require new developments to incorporate flood water detention basins into project designs where consistent with the Stormwater Master Plan and the Groundwater Recharge Plan.
• Policy PSCU-P-61: Control urban and stormwater runoff, and point and non -point discharge of pollutants. As part of the City’s Stormwater Management Program, adopt and implement a Stormwater Management Ordinance to min imize stormwater runoff rates and volumes, control water pollution, and maximize groundwater recharge. New development will be required to include Low Impact Development features that reduce impermeable surface areas and increase infiltration. Such features may include, but are not limited to:
• Canopy trees or shrubs to absorb rainwater;
• Grading that lengthens flow paths over permeable surfaces and increases runoff travel time to reduce the peak hour flow rate;
• Partially removing curbs and gutters from parking areas where appropriate to allow stormwater sheet flow into vegetated areas;
• Use of permeable paving in parking lots and other areas characterized by significant impervious surfaces;
• On-site stormwater detention, use of bioswales and bioretention basins to facilitate infiltration; and
• Integrated or subsurface water retention facilities to capture rainwater for use in landscape irrigation and other non-potable uses.
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Waterways and Trails Master Plan
The Waterways and Trails Master Plan outlines goals, policies, design standards, and implementation strategies for the development of a multi -purpose trail system, often times along Visalia’s primary community waterways. The trail system would link neighbo rhoods, parks, schools, Downtown, and other activity centers. The plan focuses on developing trails along three waterways: Packwood Creek, Mill Creek, and Cameron Creek. The Master Plan also identifies a Class I trail that runs along Cameron Creek.37 These trails are designed to link with the City’s existing bicycle network and the trail system along the St. John’s River along the north edge of the City. Ultimately, the completed system would form a “ring recreational trail” around the City’s periphery, several cross-town routes along waterways and other primary corridors, and a major north/south route along Santa Fe Avenue.
Along each waterway, a preferred trail alignment is identified, and recommendations and policies are made for landscaping improvements and habitat restoration within the waterway setback.
Tulare County Fire Department
Tulare County Fire Department provides fire and emergency medical services within the unincorporated areas of County. City and County have a mutual aid agreement that encompasses 59 square miles surrounding the City38.
City of Visalia Fire Department Plan Check and Hydrant Ordinance Visalia’s requirements for new construction include provisions for the fire department to review building and site plans prior to the issu ance of any permit. The fire department ensures that the Project would be adequately served by water and accessible to emergency vehicles. The Visalia Fire Department also enforces the City’s Hydrant Ordinance, which states that subdividers are responsible for the installation of water mains and hydrants, and determines the minimum spacing for fire hydrants. Street dimensions are scrutinized to ensure that space would be preserved for ladder trucks to be stabilized and for emergency vehicles to turn around.
Master Mutual Aid Plan
The City actively participates in the California Master Mutual Aid Plan. Formal mutual aid agreements have been written between the City and surrounding jurisdictions. A broad automatic aid agreement encompassing 59 square miles surrounding Visalia exists between County and the City.
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazards Mitigation Plan
The MJ-LHMP is a formal document designed to significantly reduce loss of life and injuries resulting from a disaster; minimize damage to structures and property, as well as destruction of essential services and activities; protect the environment; and promote hazard mitigation as an integrated public policy. The most recent version of the MJ-LHMP was adopted in 2011 and updated in March, 2018.
37 (RRM Design Group 2010)
38 (Dyett & Bhatia Urban and Regional Planners 2014)
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Impact Analysis
a) Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental faci lities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services:
i. Fire Protection:
Less than Significant Impact. New construction is required to submit building and site plans for fire department review prior to the issuance of any permit. Fire Department review would also include requirements for new fire hydrants and provide specifications for required fire flows. The closest service station is 0.7 miles north of the Project. The Project will be required to pay development impact fees towards the construction and acquisition of equipment for fire suppression services. Subject to Fire Department review and with incorporation of the fire related conditions, the Project will have a less than significant impact on fire service facilities and will not warrant the need for new or physically altered fire facilities to maintain acceptable service ratios and meet performance objectives. ii. Police Protection:
Less than Significant Impact. The closest service station is the City of Visalia Police Department, located at 204 N.W. Third Avenue, approximately 3. 1 miles northwest of the Project site. The Visalia Police Department does not establish service standards either in terms of officers per thousand residents or in incident response time. While the Project may result in the need for additional police staff, the police facility is adequate in size to support additional officers , and within a distance that would allow the department to maintain acceptable response times. Furthermore, the Project will be required to pay development impact fees towards the construction and acquisition of equipment for police protection services. Therefore, the Project will have a less than significant impact on police facilities and will not warrant the need for new or physically altered police facilities to maintain acceptable service ratios and meet performance objectives.
iii. Schools:
Less than Significant Impact. The Project would be served by the Visalia Unified School District (VUSD).
The Nearest Schools are:
School Grades Address Distance from Project
Annie R Mitchell Elementary
School
K-6 2121 E Laura Ave 1 mi NW
Divisadero Middle School 7-8 1200 S Divisadero St 3.3 mi NW Mt. Whitney High School 9-12 900 S Conyer St 2.8 mi NW The Project would generate approximately 160 students, distributed as follows:
Grades Students per Dwelling Unit39 Students
K-6 0.31 85
7-8 0.09 25
9-12 0.18 50
39 (Schoolworks, Inc. 2022)
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Payment of fees to a school district is considered full mitigation for project impacts on school facilities (Government Code Section 65996(a)). Therefore, the project applicant would be required to pay the statutory fees to accommodate the impact of project-generated students, reducing impacts to a less than significant level. SB 50 deems payment of the fees “to provide full and complete school facilities mitigation.” As payment of these fees is required prior to issuance of building permits, impacts will be less than significant.
iv. Parks:
Less than Significant Impact. The Project site would be served by the City of Visalia Parks which offers 23 neighborhood parks located throughout the city. Kiwanis Park is the closest park to the Project site located approximately 0.87 miles north of the Project, and Cherry Meadow Park is one mile west of the Project site. Additionally, the Proj ect proposes an 8.96-acre Neighborhood Park and Ponding Basin combination, with the park space approximately 7.8 acres in size. The city’s General Plan contains a policy to strive for a service ratio of 5 acres per 1,000 residents. The construction of the Project would maintain the current ratio. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant . Therefore, impacts would be less than significant.
v. Other public facilities:
Less than Significant Impact. Other public facilities includ e the Tulare County Superior Court -Visalia Courthouse, libraries, and hospitals. Though the Project may necessitate some increased maintenance for these public facilities, this potential increase can be paid for by property taxes generated by this development. Therefore, the Project would not result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for other public facilities. Impacts would be less than significant.
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4.16 RECREATION
Table 4-26: Recreation Impacts
Would the project:
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Increase the use of existing neighborhood
and regional parks or other recreational
facilities such that substantial physical
deterioration of the facility would occur or
be accelerated?
b) Does the project include recreational
facilities or require the construction or
expansion of recreational facilities which
might have an adverse physical effect on
the environment?
Baseline Conditions
Visalia classifies parks and public open space into five general categories. Facilities at each park type vary according to size. Most neighborhood parks have picnic tables, play equipment, and drinking fountains.
Community and regional parks have these am enities as well as a combination of sports fields/courts, barbecue areas, parking, restrooms and facilities for other types of recreation. Parks are classified as follows:
• Pocket Park: A park typically between one -half acre and two acres in size intended to serve the needs of a specific neighborhood within a half-mile radius. • Neighborhood Park: A park typically two to five acres in size that provides basic recreation activities for one or more neighborhoods. The service area ranges from a half -mile to a o ne-mile radius.
These parks may include facilities such as children’s playgrounds, picnic tables, benches, and walkways. Many neighborhood parks are planned adjacent to new schools, and actual neighborhood park sizes may be as large as 10 acres depending on neighborhood size and need. • Community Park: A park typically ranging from 5 to 12 acres in size or larger, depending on the needs of the quadrant. Community parks are intended to serve the recreational needs of a larger area of the city, and particularly those residents living or working within a two -mile radius. These parks may include facilities such as sport fields, exercise courses, recreation buildings, and restrooms. Other facilities may include community centers, swimming pools, tennis courts, and concession stands.
• Large City Park: A park generally larger than 40 acres in size intended to serve the recreational needs of all city residents and to create opportunities for contact with the natural environment.
These parks may include a concentration of sports fields, golf courses, and areas for picnicking and passive enjoyment of open space. The proposed Project would fall into this category. • Natural Corridors and Greenways: A network of greenways of varying size intended to serve the recreational needs of city residents. These parks may include facilities such as bikeways, walkways, and riding trails, and are primarily developed along the city’s waterways. Mill Creek and Packwood passing through the Project site fall into this category. 1229
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Currently, Visalia has 37 parks dispersed throughout the City. Four community parks (Fairview Village Park, Recreation Park, Seven Oaks Park, and Whitendale Park) provide a fuller range of community amenities or are co-located with community centers and range from approximately 9 to 14 acres. Three larger facilities, Mooney’s Grove Park (County), Plaza Park and Riverway Sports Park, are located at the periphery. The St.
John’s Trail (St. John’s Riverway) forms much of the northern edge of the City. Altogether, there are 678 acres of parkland within the City. Tulare County’s Cutler Park provides another 50 acres just outside of the City; this acreage is not counted as park acreage for the City of Visalia.
The closest parks to the Project site are Kiwanis Park, Cherry Meadow Park, and Pinkham Park located approximately 0.87 miles, one mile, and 1.40 miles away, respectively.
Applicable Regulations
State
State Open Space Standards
State planning law (GC Section 65560) provides a structure for the preservation of open space by requiring every city and county in the state to prepare, adopt, and submit to the Secretary of the Resources Agency a “local open -space plan for the comprehensive and long -range preservation and conservation of open - space land within its jurisdiction.” The following open space categories are identified for preservation:
• Open space for public health and safety, including, but not limited to, areas that require special management or regulation due to hazardous or special conditions. • Open space for the preservation of natural resources, including, but not limited to, natural vegetation, fish and wildlife, and water resources.
• Open space for resource management and production, including, but not limited to, agricultural and mineral resources , forests, rangeland, and areas required for the recharge of groundwater basins.
• Open space for outdoor recreation, including, but not limited to, parks and recreational facilities, areas that serve as links between major recreation and open space reservat ions (such as trails, easements, and scenic roadways), and areas of outstanding scenic and cultural value. • Open space for the protection of Native American sites, including, but not limited to, places, features, and objects of historical, cultural, or sacr ed significance such as Native American sanctified cemeteries, places of worship, religious or ceremonial sites, or sacred shrines located on public property (further defined in PRC Sections 5097.9 and 5097.993).
Quimby Act
The 1975 Quimby Act (GC Section 66477) authorizes cities and counties to pass ordinances requiring that developers set aside land, donate conservation easements, or pay fees for park improvements. The Act states that the dedication requirement of parkland can be a minimum of three acres per thousand residents or more and up to five acres per thousand residents if the existing ratio is greater than the minimum standard. Revenues generated through in -lieu fees collected and the Quimby Act cannot be used for the operation and maintenance of park facilities. In 1982, the Act was substantially amended. The amendments further defined acceptable uses of , or restrictions on Quimby funds, provided acreage/ population standards and formulas for determining the exaction, and indicated that the exactions must be closely tied (i.e. via nexus) to project impacts as identified through studies required by CEQA. 1230
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Local
City of Visalia General Plan
The Parks, Schools, Community Facilities, and Utilities Element of Visalia’s GP was last comprehensively updated in 2014. Regarding parks and recreation, the element presents Visalia’s policies and programs for the development and maintenance of parks, schools, and other fundamental building blocks for new neighborhoods to be built over the next two decades. The Element objectives and goals pertaining to recreation are as follows:
• Objective PSCU-O-1: Design parks and recreation facilities that will enhance community identify and serve the recreation and social needs of Visalians of all ages, economic situations and p hysical abilities.
• Objective PSCU -O-6: Maximize opportunities for joint use of public land and facilities involving schools, stormwater ponding basins and other areas under public jurisdiction suitable for recreation.
• Policy PSCU-O-2: Continue to develop and expand special recreation amenities and programs for teens, senior citizens, and ethnic populations.
• Policy PSCU-O-3: Ensure that a wide variety of quality sports and aquatics opportunities, including Sports Tourism, are available to the community.
• Policy PSCU-O-4: Emphasize health and wellness programs in light of childhood obesity and Type II diabetes challenges in the City and County.
• Policy PSCU-O-5: Continue Visalia’s strong volunteer program by expanding meaningful opportunities for community service in Parks and Recreation Department programs. • Policy PSCU-P-25: Encourage cooperative agreements with the City and the Kaweah Water Conservation District, levee districts, irrigation companies, school district, College of the Sequoias, Southern California Edison Company and other public agencies an d utilities to explore innovative recreation open space facilities throughout the Visalia planning area. • Policy PSCU-P-1: Prepare a Parks and Recreation Master Plan to implement Park policies in this GP.
The Plan should include:
• An assessment of existing and future recreational needs, including the needs of specific user groups and the needs of older areas of the community as well as those in new neighborhoods; • An assessment of opportuni ties for joint -use of City -owned stormwater detention basins on a year-round or seasonal basis, including priorities, access, improvement needs, security and cost- sharing arrangements;
• Involvement of teens in design of teen programs and seniors in programs serving them; • A comprehensive program for providing facilities and recreational activities for identified needs, developed in consultation with VUSD and others involved in recreation programs, including joint- use opportunities with VUSD and other school districts and COS, and joint-use opportunities with City facilities, such as retention basins;
• Proposals for coordinating affordable childcare with the City’s recreation programs; • Detailed design, construction and maintenance standards for parks and community centers and aquatic facilities emphasizing universal accessibility and barrier -free design, durability, low maintenance, and low water use;
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• A program for retrofitting existing facilities to remove barriers to handicapped users over time; • An action plan to define priorities, responsibilities and scheduling; and • A comprehensive financing strategy for park and recreation facilities, including but not limited to the Park Acquisition and Development Fee, Recreation Program Fee policies, including provisions for fee reductions, scholarships and sponsorships, and marketing, including recreation as part of the City’s overall economic development plan.
• Policy PSCU-P-2: Strive to achieve and maintain a citywide standard of at least five acre s of neighborhood and community parks per 1,000 residents.
• Policy PSCU-P-3: Reserve land and develop parks and public open spaces and recreation facilities consistent with designated Parks and Open Space land on the Land Use Diagram. • Policy PSCU-P-4: Create one large new park at the City’s eastern edge to enhance the City’s eastern gateway along Highway 198, ensure separation between communities, and pr ovide ample recreation space for the larger area.
• Policy SCU-P-5: Create new community parks in the Northw est, Southwest, and Southeast quadrants, consistent with the Parks and Open Space diagram and the following planning guidelines:
• Size: 5-12 acres or more; and
• Facilities to be provided: large children’s play area, reserved picnic facilities, open play fields, community building, bicycle parking, and off-street parking. They also may include tennis courts, outdoor concert areas or other special facilities based on neighborhood needs and community input.
• Policy PSCU-P-11 Develop a system of natural corridors and greenways, consistent with the Parks and Open Space diagram (Figure 5-1). These corridors will have biking and walking trails offering recreational opportunities and links between neighborhoods, parks, and Downto wn. The system of corridors will include waterway corridors as well as linear landscaped corridors to create natural gateways, parkways or buffer areas. More specifically, this system is envisioned to include:
• Greenway corridor along the St. Johns River , including broader areas to the northwest to accommodate open space areas, large group picnic facilities, a nature center, or other uses; • Greenway corridors along Mill, Packwood and Cameron Creeks, and segments of other waterways, with sufficient width to protect riparian habitat and accommodate a multi-use trail; • A landscaped corridor on both sides of Highway 198 providing a scenic gateway into Visalia from the west; and
• A landscaped buffer zone or parkway along Shirk Road separating industrial from residential areas, and a greenway along Road 148 marking the eastern edge of the City, both accommodating a multi-use trail.
• Policy PSCU-P-13: Design parks to enhance neighborhood character and minimize negative impacts. • Locate neighborhood parks with l ocal or collector street frontages on at least three sides, and sidewalks and crossings designed for safe and easy pedestrian access. 1232
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• Where a neighborhood park is part of a neighborhood node, it should be designed to promote visual connections and pedes trian movement between the park and adjacent uses such as schools and commercial uses.
• Policy PSCU-P-14: Provide lighted facilities for tennis, basketball or other recreational facilities and along pathways in order to extend usable hours. Lighting should be energy-efficient and designed to minimize light pollution.
• Policy PSCU-P-15: Provide at least one community center in each of the City’s four neighborhood quadrants. Use existing and new com -munity center facilities to provide multicultural programs and teen recreation activities and provide space for meetings and classes. Community centers should be designed with community input, including guidance from a cross-section of user groups. • Policy PSCU-P-19: Promote private -sector and joint public-private development of commercial recreation facilities for league softball, indoor swimming, and golf, and other recreation uses that are available to the public for a fee or on a limi ted basis. Commercial recreation facilities will not be counted toward the City’s parkland acreage standard because they are not publicly accessible for all residents.
• Policy PSCU-P-23: Promote innovative park design that responds to neighborhood needs and user groups.
• Policy PSCU-P-24: Provide shade in parks by using arbors and other landscaping techniques. • Policy PSCU-P-25: Encourage cooperative agreements with the City and the Kaweah Water Conservation District, levee districts, irrigation companies, school district, College of the Sequoias, Southern California Edison Company and other public agencies and utilities to explo re innovative recreation open space facilities throughout the Visalia planning area. • Policy PSCU-P-26: Develop standards for recreation use on dual purpose park/pond sites to ensure that slopes and pumping equipment do not preclude recreation use and maintenance. • Policy PSCU-P-28: Offer nature study programs to increase community awareness of open space opportunities and habitat enhancement in City parks and along community waterways. • Policy PSCU-P-27: Develop standards for recreation use on dual purpose park/pond sites to ensure that slopes and pumping equipment do not preclude recreation use and maintenance. • Policy PSCU-P-29: Incorporate barrier-free design in all new recreation and sports faciliti es and renovate existing facilities to remove barriers to handicapped users. • Policy PSCU-P-46: Adopt and implement a Water Efficient Landscaping Ordinance for new and/or refurbished development that exceeds mandated sizes, and ensure that all new City par ks, streetscapes, and landscaped areas conform to the Ordinance requirements. The Ordinance should include provisions to optimize outdoor water use by:
• Promoting appropriate use of plants and landscaping;
• Establishing limitations on use of turf including size of turf areas and use of cool-season turf such as Fescue grasses, with exceptions for specified uses (e.g., recreation playing fields, golf courses, and parks);
• Establishing water budgets and penalties for exceeding them; • Requiring automatic irrigation systems and schedules, including controllers that incorporate weather-based or other self-adjusting technology;
• Promoting the use of recycled water; and
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• Minimizing overspray and runoff.
• Policy PSCU-P-47: Implement a program of irrigation water use analyses, irrigation surveys, irrigation audits or similar techniques using available technology to evaluate water use in existing City parks and landscape areas and undertake improvements to reduce water use t o a level that does not exceed the Maximum Applied Water Allowance as calculated under the Water E fficient Landscaping Ordinance under Policy CO-P-3.
• Policy PSCU-P-48: Establish a program to reduce water use in municipal buildings and allow use of recycled water (treated wastewater) in buildings and irrigation, as feasible and appropriate.
Waterways and Trails Master Plan
As previously discussed in Section 4.15.2, the Waterways and Trails Master Plan, outlines goals, policies, design standards, and implementation strategies for the development of a multi-purpose trail system along Visalia’s primary community waterways.
Impact Analysis
a) Would the project increase the use of exist ing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? Less than Significant Impact. The potential population growth associated with the Project’s proposed 273 new single -family residential homes is not considered significant when compared to the City’s population, and it should not increase the demand for recreational facilities, nor would it impose a strain on the existing recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of existing recreational facilities would occur or be accelerated. Additionally, the Project proposes the construction of an 8.96- acre neighborhood park. Existing nearby residents, in addition to future residents within the proposed subdivision, could utilize the proposed park space. In addition, the Project would pay park impact development fees in effect at the time of the building permits to off -set potential impacts to park and recreation facilities. Therefore, impact would be less than significant. b) Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment? Less than Significant Impact. The Project site currently consists of irrigated farmland. The Project would include the development and dedication of public open spaces in the form of a neighborhood park, which is proposed to be constructed as part of the development. As the Project includes the construction of a neighborhood park, the Project would comply with mitigation measures included in Sections 4.4.5, 4.5.4,
4.7.4, and 4.18.4. No off-site park space is required to be constructed. Impacts related to the construction of the Neighborhood Park is included in the physical impacts evaluated as part of the Project as a whole.
In addition to construction of park facilities, the Project may also be responsible for the payment of in - lieu fees for park land dedication/reservation. Therefore, impacts related to the construction or expansion of recreational facilities would be less than significant.
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4.17 TRANSPORTATION
Table 4-27: Transportation Impacts
Would the project:
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Conflict with a program plan, ordinance or
policy addressing the circulation system,
including transit, roadway, bicycle and
pedestrian facilities?
b) Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA
Guidelines section 15064.3, subdivision
(b)??
c) Substantially increase hazards due to a
geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves
or dangerous intersections) or incompatible
uses (e.g., farm equipment)?
d) Result in inadequate emergency access?
Baseline Conditions
The Project site would be located on an approximately 67.7-acre orchard along North McAuliff Street, intersected by Cherry Street . North McAuliff Street is an existing collector as designated by the City of Visalia General Plan Circulation Element. Arteria l streets in Visalia are designed to transition traffic from freeways and expressways to smaller collector streets, and vice versa. State Routes (SR) in and within the immediate vicinity of the City of Visalia include SR 63, 99, 198, and 216. The Project’s McAuliff Street frontage contains a bicycle route.
Applicable Regulations
Local
City of Visalia VMT Thresholds and Implementation Guidelines Senate Bill (SB) 743, signed in 2013, changes the way transportation studies are conducted in California CEQA documents. Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) replaces motorist delay and level of service (LOS) as the metric for impact determination. As a result of the final rulemaking surrounding SB 743 and the implementation deadline of July 1, 2020, the City of Visalia has a dopted VMT thresholds and guidelines (City of Visalia VMT Thresholds and Implementation Guidelines, LSA, Adopted March 15, 2021) to address the shift from delay‐based LOS CEQA traffic analyses to VMT CEQA traffic analyses.
Thresholds
The City of Visalia guidelines provide details on appropriate “screening thresholds” that can be used to identify when a proposed land use project is anticipated to result in a less-than-significant impact without conducting a more detailed VMT analysis. Screening thresholds include:
1. Residential and office projects within a Transit Priority Area
2. Locally serving retail projects up to 50,000 square feet 1235
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3. Residential, office, or mixed‐use projects within low‐VMT generating areas
4. 100 percent affordable housing projects
5. Projects that are consistent with the City’s General Plan and generating fewer than 1,000 daily trips
A land use project need only meet one of the above screening thresholds to result in a less than significant impact.
Impact Analysis
a) Would the project conflict with a plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project proposes a maximum of 257 new peak hour vehicle trips. In accordance with the policies of the City of Visalia, a Traffic Impact Study (TIS) was prepared to evaluate Project impacts, as well as cumulative impacts, and to make recommendations for mitigation where appropriate. Thus, through compliance with the applicable policies , the Project is consistent with the plans, ordinances, and policies that address the complete circulation system.
For land use projects, such as the Project, the criteria for consistency with adopted plans, policies and ordinances, would be to determine if a project would exceed an established threshold of significance.
The threshold of significance established for projects located within the area is LOS “D”. The TIS prepared for the Project considered the following traffic scenarios: 1) Existing Conditions; 2) Opening Year (Extrapolated Existing + Project); 3) Future Year Obtained from Tulare County Association of Governments (Five-year + Project). The intersections studied included the following:
• McAuliff Street at Cherry Avenue
• McAuliff Street at Walnut Avenue
• Lovers Lane at Cherry Avenue
• Lovers Lane at Walnut Avenue
• Lovers Lane at K Avenue
• Cherry Avenue at 2nd Street (Proposed)
• McAuliff Street at A Street (Proposed)
• McAuliff Street at B Street (Proposed)
• McAuliff Street at C Street (Proposed)
The TIS concluded that all studied intersections comply with the Level of Service (LOS) standards for all three scenarios, with the exception of Walnut Avenue and Lovers Lane. The in tersection of Walnut Avenue and Lovers Lane is currently below the established LOS standard. The City has committed to completing the intersection improvements and the Transportation Impact Fee s required by City standards in association with the Project covers the necessary improvements to bring this intersection LOS to a sufficient level.40
In general, the City’s requirements for all development projects include: 1) the provision of a minimum two points of vehicular access for any phase of development; 2) major and local street dedications; 3) street improvements, including but not limited to construction of concrete curbs, gutters, pavement, underground street lighting systems; 4) payment of applicable impact fees. The required payment of Transportation Impact Fees will ensure that the Project’s contribution to this cumulative impact would
40 (City of Visalia 2015)
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be less than significant. The Project would therefore not conflict with plans, ordinances, or policies addressing the circulation system.
b) Would the project conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3 subdivision (b)? Less than Significant Impact. The Project would result in the addition of 273 new homes to the City of Visalia, resulting in an increase of population for the City. A rise in population for the area would result in an increased amount of VMT being produced from a rise in population. The City of Visalia has identified the area as being located within a Low VMT -generating area as illustrated in Appendix D: Traffic Impact Study. As a result, the Project meets one of the five screening thresholds identified in Section 4.17.3 above. These screening thresholds limit the Project’s impacts relating to VMT generation to a less than significant level. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. c) Would the project substantially increas e hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)? Less than Significant Impact. The Project would not increase hazards due to a geometric design feature or incompatible use. The Project would result in one point of access along Cherry Street, Rio Vista Street, and three access points off McAuliff Street. Future connection points would be afforded to the properties to the west and northeast. Roadway design and width would be required to be approved by the City Engineer before construction could commence. Compliance with all applicable safety standards would be required and confirmed du ring the review of improvement plans. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant.
d) Would the project result in inadequate emergency access? Less than Significant Impact. The Project would not result in inadequate emergency access as it proposes several points of access and provides for future connectivity to the property to the west and northeast.
While the construction for the Project would result in truck deliveries, hauling of materials, and construction crews, improvement plans, and any work completed in existing roadways would be required to be approved by the City Engineer before they could occur. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant.
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4.18 TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES
Table 4-28: Tribal Cultural Resources Impacts
Would the project:
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Cause a substantial adverse change in the
significance of a tribal cultural resource,
defined in Public Resources Code section
21074 as either a site, feature, place,
cultural landscape that is geographically
defined in terms of the size and scope of
the landscape, sacred place, or object with
cultural value to a California Native
American tribe, and that is:
i. Listed or eligible for listing in the
California Register of Historical
Resources, or in the local register of
historical resources as defined in
Public Resources Code section
5020.1(k), or
ii. A resource determined by the lead
agency, in its discretion and supported
by substantial evidence, to be
significant pursuant to criteria set
forth in subdivision (c) of Public
Resources Code Section 5024.1. In
applying the criteria set forth in
subdivision (c) of Public Resources
Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency
shall consider the significance of the
resource to a California Native
American tribe.
Baseline Conditions
Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1, et seq. (codification of AB 52, 2013-14) Public Resources Code Section 21080.3.1, et seq. (codification of AB 52, 2013 -14) requires that a lead agency, within 14 days of determining that it would undertake a project, must notify in writing any California Native American Tribe traditionally and culturally affiliated with the geographic area of the project if that Tribe has previously requested notification about projects in that geographic area. The notice must briefly describe the project and inquire wh ether the Tribe wishes to initiate request formal consultation. Tribes have 30 days from receipt of notification to request formal consultation. The lead agency then has 30 days to initiate the consultation, which then continues until the parties come to a n agreement regarding necessary mitigation or agree that no mitigation is needed, or one or both parties determine that negotiation occurred in good faith, but no agreement would be made. 1238
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The City of Visalia, as the public lead agency, received a letter from the Santa Rosa Rancheria Tachi Yokut Tribe pursuant to PRC § 21080.3.1 (AB 52) officially requesting notification of Projects within the Santa Rosa Rancheria’s geographic area of traditional and cultural affiliation.
Records Search
A records search fro m the Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center (SSJVIC) of the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS), located at California State University, Bakersfield was conducted in May 2022. The SSJVIC records search includes a review of all recorded archaeological and built-environment resources as well as a review of cultural resource reports on file. In addition, the California Points of Historical Interest, the California Historical Landmarks, the C alifornia Register of Historical Resources, the National Register of Historic Places, and the California State Built Environment Resources Directory listings were reviewed for the above referenced APE and an additional ½ mile radius.
Due to the sensitive nature of cultural resources, archaeological site locations are not released. (Appendix C: Cultural Resources Study).
Additional sources included the State Office of Historic Preservation Historic Properties Directory, Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility, and the California Inventory of Historic Resources.
Native American Outreach
The Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) in Sacramento was also contacted in May 2022. They were provided with a brief description of the Project and a map showing its location and requested that the NAHC perform a search of the Sacred Lands File to determine if any Native American resources have been recorded in the immediate APE. The NAHC identifies, catalogs, and protects Native American cultural resources -- ancient places of special religious or social significance to Native Americans and known ancient graves and cemeteries of Native Americans on private and public lands in California. The NAHC is also charged with ensuring California Native American tribes’ accessibility to ancient Native American cultural resources on public lands, overseeing th e treatment and disposition of inadvertently discovered Native American human remains and burial items, and administering the California Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, among many other powers and duties.
Applicable Regulations
Federal
National Register of Historic Places
The NHPA authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to establish a NRHP, an inventory of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects significant on a national, state, or local level in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture. The National Register is maintained by the National Park Service, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, SHPO, and grants-in-aid programs.
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) strives to ensure that all Indian human remains, and cultural items are treated with dignity and respect. It encourages voluntary disclosure and return of remains and cultural items by publicly funded agencies and museums. It also states the intent for states to provide mechanisms for aiding Indian tribes, including non-federally recognized tribes, in filing repatriation claims and getting responses to those claims. 1239
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State
Office of Historic Preservation
The mission of the OHP and the State Historical Resources Commission is to preserve and enhance California's irreplaceable historic heritage as a matter of public interest so that its vital legacy of cultural, educational, recreational, aesthetic, economic, social, and environmental benefits will be maintained and enriched for present and future generations. Public Resources Code ( PRC) Section 5024 requires consultation with the SHPO when a project may impact historical resources located on State-owned land.
California Register of Historic Resources
The SHPO maintains the CRHR. Historic properties listed, or formally designated for eligibility to be listed, on the National Register are automatically listed on the CRHR (PRC Section 5024.1). State Landmarks and Points of Interest are also automatically listed. The California Register can also include properties designated under local preservation ordinances or identified through local historic resource surveys.
For a historic resource to be eligible for listing on the California Register, it must be significant at the local, state, or national level under one or more of the following four criteria:
• It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local and regional history, or the cultural heritage of California or the United States; • It is associated with the lives of persons important to local, California, or national history; • It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or metho d of construction, or represents the work of a master or possesses high artistic values; or • It has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the prehistory or history of the local area, California, or the nation (California Public Resources Code).
California Environmental Quality Act
PRC Section 21083.2 Archaeological Resources: CEQA directs the lead agency to include in its environmental assessment for the project a determination of the project effec ts on unique archeological resources; defines unique archeological resource; enables a lead agency to require an applicant to make a reasonable effort to preserve or mitigate impacts to any affected unique archeological resource; sets requirements for the applicant to provide payment to cover costs of mitigation; and restricts excavation as a mitigation measure.
PRC Section 21084.1 Historic Resources: CEQA establishes that adverse effects on a historic resource qualifies as a significant effect on the environment; and defines historical resource.
CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5: This section defines three ways that a property can qualify as a significant historical resource for the purposes of CEQA review:
• If the resource is listed in or determined eligible for listing in the California Re gister of Historical Resources;
• If the resource is included in a local register of historical resources, as defined in PRC S ection 5020.1(k), or is identified as significant in a historical resource survey meeting the requirements of PRC Section 5024.1(g) unless a preponderance of evidence demonstrates that it is not historically or culturally significant; or
• If the lead agency determines the resource to be significant as supported by substantial evidence (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5)
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In addition to determining the significance under CEQA and eligibility of any identified historical resource for the California Register, historic properties must be evaluated under the criteria for the National Register should federal funding or permitting become involved in any undertaking subject to this document.
CEQA Guidelines on Mitigation of Cultural Resources Impacts CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.4 states that “public agencies should, whenever feasible, seek to avoid damaging effects on any historical resources of an archeological nature.” The Guidelines further state that preservation-in-place is the preferred approach to mitigate impacts on archaeological resources. However, according to Section 15126.4, if data recovery through excavation is “the only feasible mitigation,” then a “data recovery plan, which makes provision for adequately recovering the scienti fically consequential information from and about the historical resources, shall be prepared and adopted prior to any excavation being undertaken.” Data recovery is not required for a resource of an archaeological nature if “the lead agency determines that testing or studies already completed have adequately recovered the scientifically consequential information from and about the archaeological or historical resource.” The section further states that its provisions apply to those archaeological resources that also qualify as historic resources.
Native American Heritage Act
Also relevant to the evaluation and mitigation of impacts to cultural resources is the Native American Heritage Act of 1976 which established the NAHC and protects Native American religio us values on state property (see PRC Section 5097.9).
Public Notice to California Native American Indian Tribes GC Section 65092 includes California Native American tribes that are on the contact list maintained by the NAHC in the definition of “person” to whom notice of public hearings shall be sent by local governments.
Disposition of Human Remains (Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5) When an initial study identifies the existence, or the probable likelihood, of Native American human remains within the project, a lead agency shall work with the appropriate Native American groups or individuals as identified by the NAHC as provided in PRC Section 5097.98. The applicant may develop an agreement for treating or disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the h uman remains, and any items associated with Native American burials. Furthermore, HSC Section 7050.5 requires that construction or excavation be stopped in the vicinity of discovered human remains until the county coroner can determine whether the remains are those of a Native American. If the remains are determined to be Native American, the coroner must contact the NAHC.
California Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 2001 HSC Sections 8010-8011 establish a State repatriation policy i ntent that is consistent with and facilitates implementation of NAGPRA. The Act strives to ensure that all California Indian human remains, and cultural items are treated with dignity and respect. It encourages voluntary disclosure and return of remains an d cultural items by publicly funded agencies and museums in California. It also states the intent for the state to provide mechanisms for aiding California Indian tribes, including non-federally recognized tribes, in filing repatriation claims and getting responses to those claims.
Local
City of Visalia General Plan Update
• Policy OSC -P-39: Establish requirements to avoid potential impacts to sites suspected of being archaeologically, paleontologically, or historically significant or of concern, by:
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o Requiring a records review for development proposed in areas that are considered archaeologically or paleontologically sensitive;
o Determining the potential effects of development and construction on archaeological or paleontological resources (as required by CEQA);
o Requiring pre -construction surveys and monitoring during any ground disturbance for all development in areas of historical and archaeological sensitivity; and o Implementing appropriate measures to avoid the identified impacts, as conditions of pro ject approval.
Impact Assessment
a) Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
i. Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in the local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k), or Less than Significant Impact. The City of Visalia, as the public lead agency, received a letter from the Santa Rosa Rancheria Tachi Yokut Tribe pursuant to PRC § 21080.3.1 (AB 52) officially requesting notification of Projects within the Santa Rosa Rancheria’s geographic area of traditional and cultural affiliation. A record search of the NAHC Sacred Lands File was completed for the Project area and the results were negative for the presence of Native American tribal cultural resources. In addition, a records search from CHRIS at SSJVIC also confirmed that t here are no recorded cultural or historical resources within the Project area. Despite no recorded r esources were found, accidental discovery could occur.
Mitigation Measures CUL-1 and CUL-2, described above in Section 4.5.4 as well as TCR-1, TCR-2 and TCR- 3 are recommended in the event tribal cultural materials or human remains are unearthed during excavation or construction.
ii. A resource determined by the lead ag ency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe.
Less than Significant Impact . The City of Visalia, as the public lead agency, received a letter from the Santa Rosa Rancheria Tachi Yokut Tr ibe pursuant to PRC § 21080.3.1 (AB 52) officially requesting notification of Projects within the Santa Rosa Rancheria’s geographic area of traditional and cultural affiliation. In May 2022, the City sent the Santa Rosa Rancheria Tribe a formal letter including a Project description and a map of the Project APE. In accordance with the law, the letter provided 30 days from receipt of the letter to request consultation in writing. No response was received.
Although there is little chance the Project would cause a substantial adverse change to the significance of a tribal cultural resource as defined. Mitigation Measure CUL-1 and CUL-2, described in Section 4.5.4 is recommended in the event cultural materials or human remains are unearthed during excavation or construction.
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Mitigation
See CUL-1 identified in Section 4.5
See CUL-2 identified in Section 4.5
TCR-1 (Tribal Cultural Resource Presentation): Due to Tribal history and knowledge of the project area, the Santa Rosa Rancheria Tachi Yokut Tribe has concerns and is requesting to be retained for a cultural sensitivity awareness presentation to all construction staff of the Project, prior to start of construction activities.
TCR-2 (Tribal Cultural Monitoring): An approved Tribal Monitor shall be retained to be on site to monitor during all project-related ground-disturbing construction activities within the Cultural APE (i.e., grading, excavation, etc.).
TCR-3 (Curation of Archaeological Collections): A curation agreement shall be entered into with the Santa Rosa Rancheria Tachi Yokut Tribe, materials and documents would be professionally curated as outlined in agreement and made available to other archaeologists or researchers for further study. The collections and associated records shall be transferred, to an appropriate curation facility as outlined in agreement with Santa Rosa Rancheria Tachi Yokut Tribe, to be accompanied by payment.
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4.19 UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS
Table 4-29: Utilities and Service Systems Impacts
Would the project:
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Require or result in the relocation or
construction of new or expanded water,
wastewater treatment or storm water
drainage, electric power, natural gas, or
telecommunications facilities, the
construction or relocation of which could
cause significant environmental effects?
b) Have sufficient water supplies available to
serve the project and reasonably
foreseeable future development during
normal, dry and multiple dry years?
c) Result in a determination by the
wastewater treatment provider which
serves or may serve the project that it has
adequate capacity to serve the project’s
projected demand in addition to the
provider’s existing commitments?
d) Generate solid waste in excess of State or
local standards, or in excess of the capacity
of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair
the attainment of solid waste reduction
goals?
e) Comply with federal, state, and local
management and reduction statutes and
regulations related to solid waste?
Baseline Conditions
The Project site is located on the southwest corner of McAuliff Street and Cherry Avenue in the City of Visalia.
Wastewater
The City of Visalia’s existing sanitary sewer system consists of over 468 miles of gravity-flow sanitary sewer pipe ranging in size from four to 48 inches, with 12 SCADA -connected lift stations. The system currently serves most developed areas of the city limits. The Visalia Department of Public Works develops and maintains the sewer systems. The City of Visalia typically utilizes a wastewater generation factor of 100 to 125 gallons per day per capita. The nearest sewer main is located in Cherry Avenue and McAuliff Street frontages.
Solid Waste
Solid waste disposal is provided to the City by the Tula re County Resource Management Agency, which operates the Visalia Landfill approximately 5.4 miles northwest of the Project. The facility is located at 8614 Avenue 328 in Visalia and serves the cities of Visalia, Farmersville, Dinuba, Exeter, Tulare, Woodl ake, 1244
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Fresno, and unincorporated areas of northern Tulare and southern Fresno Counties. The approximate amount of waste disposed at Visalia in 2003 was estimated to be 120,000 tons. 41 This landfill has a maximum permitted throughput of 2,000 tons per day, a maximum permitted capacity of 18,630,666 cubic yards, and a remaining capacity of 16,145,591 cubic yards. The Visalia Landfill is expected to cease operation in January of 2024. 42 Solid waste collection is provided by the City and recyclable material processing is provided to the City by Sunset Waste Systems.
Electricity
Power is provided to the City by Southern California Edison (SCE). SCE is a subsidiary of Edison International and provides electricity to over 15 million Californians. It is one of the largest electric utilities in the nation, and the nation’s single largest purchaser of renewable power. The electrical facilities network includes both overhead and underground lines, with new development required to install underground service lines.
Natural Gas
Natural gas service in the City is provided by the SoCalGas.
Communications
There are three major companies that provide communications services in Visalia: AT &T, Sprint, and Verizon. Comcast is the primary cable television and internet provider.
Water Service Company
The California Water Service Company Visalia district (Cal Water) is the primary water purveyor in the City of Visalia. The nearest water main is located adjacent to Cherry Avenue and McAuliff Street frontages.
Applicable Regulations
Federal
Clean Water Act
The CWA was enacted by Congress in 1972 and has been amended several times since its adoption. It is the primary federal law regulating water quality in the U.S. and forms the basis for several state and local laws throughout the country. Its objective is to reduce or eliminate water pollution in the nation’s rivers, streams, lakes, and coastal waters. The CWA prescribes the basic federal laws for regulating discharges of pollutants and sets minimum water quality standards for all surface waters in the United States. At the federal level, the CWA is administered by the USEPA. The USEPA published final regulations regarding stormwater discharges on November 16, 1990. The regulations require that MS4 discharges to surface waters to be regulated by a NPDES permit. At the State and regional levels, the CWA is administered and enforced by the SWRCB and the RWQCBs.
41 (ESA 2010)
42 (Dyett & Bhatia Urban and Regional Planners 2014)
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Municipal Urban (Area-wide) Storm-Water Discharges
A MS4 systems defined by the USEPA must obtain an NPDES permit by a certain date according to the population served by the system. Operators the stormwater system must submit an NPDES permit application and supporting information to the respective RWQCB. The CWA provides for delegating certain responsibilities for water-quality control and planning to the states. California has been authorized by the USEPA to administer and enforce portions of the CWA, including the NPDES program. Section 208 of the CWA is designated to provide a comprehensive planning framework for both point- and non-point-source water pollution. Specific planning requirements include, but are not limited, to the following:
• Identification of needed treatment works to meet anticipated requirements over a 20-year period; • Identification of construction priorities for the region.
Procedures and methods to control non -point-source pollution emanating from agriculture, mining, and other sources. Most owners or operators of facilities that discharge waste into a municipal sanitary sewer system need to obtain an NPDES permit. The USEPA, the SWRCB, and the respective RWQCB or the local wastewater management agency might require some industries to treat industrial hazardous wastes before such wastes are discharged to a municipal sanitary sewer system. The local wastewater management agency advises industries of those requirements.
State
State Water Resources Control Board – Waste Discharge Requirements Program State regulations pertaining to the treatment, storage, processing, or disposal of solid waste are found in Title 27, CCR, Section 20005 et seq. (hereafter Title 27). In general, the WDR Program (sometimes also referred to as the “Non Chapter 15 (Non 15) Program”) regulates point di scharges that are exempt pursuant to Subsection 20090 of Title 27 and not subject to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
Exemptions from Title 27 may be granted for nine categories of discharges (e.g., sewage, wastewater, etc.) that meet, and continue to meet, the preconditions listed for each specific exemption. The scope of the WDR Program also includes the discharge of wastes classified as inert, pursuant to Section 20230 of Title 2743. Several programs are administered under the WDR Program, including the Sanitary Sewer Order and recycled water programs.
Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) The Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) is the State agency desi gnated to oversee, manage, and track wastes generated in California. In 2015, statewide disposal was 33.2 million tons of solid waste . CalRecycle develops laws and regulations to control and manage waste, for which enforcement authority is typically delega ted to the local government. The board works jointly with local government to implement regulations and fund programs.
The Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989 (PRC 40000, et seq.) or AB 939, administered by CalRecycle, requires all local and county governments to adopt a Source Reduction and Recycling Element to identify means of reducing the amount of solid waste sent to landfills. This law set reduction targets at 25 percent by the year 1995 and 50 percent by the year 2000. To assist local jurisdictions in achieving these targets, the California Solid Waste Reuse and Recycling Access Act of 1991 requires all new developments to include adequate, accessible, and convenient areas for collecting and loading recyclable and green waste materials.
43 (California Water Boards 2023)
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National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit
As authorized by the CWA, the NPDES Permit Program controls water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants into water of the United States. In California, it is the responsibility of SWRCB and RWQCBs to preserve and enhance the quality of the States waters through the development of water quality control plans and the issuance of WDR. WDRs for discharges to surface waters also serve as NPDES permits.44 NPDES permits also regulate the requirements of the MS4 discharges to surface waters.
Construction Stormwater NPDES Permit
A CGP for Discharges of Storm Water Associated with Construction Activity (CGP, Water Quality Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ) is required for dischargers or projects who disturb one acre or more of soil or whose project disturbs less than one acre, but which is part of a larger common plan of development that in total disturbs one acre or more. The SWRCB established the CGP program to reduce surface water impacts from construction activities. This CGP was adopted in September 2009 and went into effect July 2010.
The CGP requires the development of PRDs which include the development and implementation of a SWPPP. The SWPPP must contain a site map(s) which shows the construction site perimeter, existing and proposed buildings, lots, roadways, stormwater collection and discharge points, general topography both before and after construction, and drainage patterns across the project. The SWPPP must list /describe BMPs the discharger would use to prevent polluted stormwater runoff and show the placement of those BMPs. Additionally, the SWPPP must contain a visual monitoring program, a chemical monitoring program for “non-visible” pollutants, and a sediment monitoring plan if the site discharges directly to a water body listed on the 303(d) list for sediment. Attachment B of the CGP describes the elements that must be contained in a SWPPP. Additional PRD requirements are described in Attachments C-E in the CGP.
Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board
The primary responsibility for the protection of water quality in California rests with the SWRCB and nine RWQCB. The SWRCB sets state wide policy for the implementation of state and federal laws and regulations. The RWQCBs adopt and implement Water Quality Control Plans (Basin Plans) which recognize regional differences in natural water quality, actual and potential beneficial uses, and water quality problems associated with human activities.
The City is located within the jurisdiction of the Central Valley RWQCB in an area identified as the Tulare Lake Basin, which comprises the drainage area of the San Joaquin Valley south of the San Jo aquin River.
According to the Water Quality Control Plan for the Tulare Lake Basin, the basin consists of approximately
10.5 million acres, and includes the metropolitan areas of Bakersfield, Fresno, Porterville, Hanford, Tulare, and Visalia.45 The Regional Board has set water quality objectives for both surface and ground water, which it achieves through an implementation plan. The RWQCB efforts emphasize the importance of controlling toxic discharges and address ground water salinity, which is identified as the greatest long-term problem facing the basin.46
The Regional Board identifies the elimination of groundwater overdraft as an important tool to use to combat the increasing salinity of the basin, as continued overdraft would deplete good quality water supplies and introduce salts from poorer quality aquifers. Groundwater recharge is recommended as a major mechanism to prevent further groundwater overdraft.47
44 (California Water Boards 2023)
45 (California Regional Water Quality Control Board Central Valley Region 2018) 46 Ibid.
47 Ibid.
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Local
City of Visalia General Plan
• Objective PSCU -O-14: Provide for long -range community water needs by adopting best management practices for water use, conservation, groundwater recharge and wastewater and stormwater management.
• Objective PSCU-O-15: Preserve groundwater resources.
• Policy PSCU-P-47: Adopt and implement a Water Efficient Landscaping Ordinance for new and/or refurbished development that exceeds mandated sizes, and ensure that all new City parks streetscapes, and landscaped areas conform to the Ordinance’s requirements. The Ordinance should include provisions to optimize outdoor water use by:
o Promoting appropriate use of plants and landscaping;
o Establishing limitations on use of turf including size of turf areas and use of cool -season turf such as Fescue grasses, with exceptions for specified uses (e.g., recreation playing fields, golf courses, and parks);
o Establishing water budgets and penalties for exceeding them; o Requiring automatic irrigation systems and schedules, including controllers that incorporate weather-based or other self-adjusting technology;
o Promoting the use of recycled water; and
o Minimizing overspray and runoff.
City of Visalia Municipal Code
• City of Visalia Water Conservation Ordinance
The City’s Water Conservation Ordinance was adopted in 1989 and can be found in Chapter 13.20 of the Municipal Code. The Ordinance sets regulations to minimize outdoor water use and reduce unnecessary consumption of potable water. It defines and places restriction on wasteful uses of water and establishes water conservation alert stages to be enacted during periods of water shortage.
• The Visalia Municipal Code contains regulations related to solid waste and recycling in Chapter 8.28. The City, in order to promote and protect the public and refuse worker health and safety and to reduce the danger and hazards of fires and conflagrations, reserves unto itself the exclusive right and power to collect, transport, and dispose of, or to authorize, regulate, permit and control said collections, transportation and disposition of all refuse and rubble produced or found within the corporate limits of said city.
• The Visalia Municipal Code contains regulations related to solid waste and recycling in Chapter 8.29. The purpose of this chapter is to increase the recycling and reuse of construction and demolition debris, consistent with the goals of the California Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989.
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Impact Analysis
a) Would the project require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects? Less than Significant Impact. The Project is surrounded by urban and developed areas of the City.
Therefore, the Project would connec t to existing water, wastewater, and stormwater infrastructure within the City, located in the Project’s Cherry Avenue and McAuliff Street frontages. CalWater has provided a Will Serve letter stating they would have adequate water supplies to serve the Pro ject.
Therefore, the Project would not require the relocation or construction of new or expanded water facilities. Additionally, the Project would be served by the existing wastewater treatment provider and would not require the construction of new or expanded wastewater facilities. The Project would connect to existing natural gas, and existing power lines in the project vicinity. Natural gas and electricity connections would be coordinated with SoCalGas. Therefore, the Project would not require the relocation or construction of new water, wastewater treatment, stormwater drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. b) Would the project have sufficient water supplies available to se rve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years? Less than Significant Impact. The Project area is not located in an adjudicated subbasin, and the 2020 UWMP indicates that CalWater has no issue meeti ng demands of this project or future projects during normal, dry, and multiple dry years. Impacts would be less than significant. c) Would the project result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments?
Less than Significant Impact. The Wastewater Treatment Facility (WWTF) provides municipal sewerage services to 96,000 residents in the city of Visalia. The WWTF has a design capacity of 22 million gallons per day (mgd) and currently treats a daily average flow of about 1 3 mgd48. On average, wastewater in Visalia generated at a rate of approximately 92 gallons per capita per day.49 Therefore the Project would generate approximately 0.075 MGD.50 The WWTF has adequate capacity to serve the Project in addition to its existing commitments, therefore the Project will have a less than significant impact on wastewater capacity.
d) Would the project generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals? Less than Significant Impact. The Visalia Landfill located approximately 12.5 miles northwest of the Project, is the primary landfill serving the area. The facility is located at 8614 Avenue 328 in Visalia and serves the cities of Visalia, Farmersville, Dinuba, Exeter, Tulare, Woodlake, Fresno, and unincorporated areas of northern Tulare and southern Fresno Counties. The approximate amount of wa ste disposed at Visalia in 2003 was estimated to be 120,000 tons. This landfill has a maximum permitted throughput of
48 (CIty of Visalia, Dyett & Bhatia, Urban and Regional Planners, ICF International, Provost and Pritchard Consulting Group, Omn i-Means, Transportation Planners and Engineers 2014); (City of Visalia 2023) 49 (California Water Service 2021)
50 92 gallons per capita per day x 273 dwellings x 2.99 persons per dwelling. 1249
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2,000 tons per day, a maximum permitted capacity of 18,630,666 cubic yards, and a remaining capacity of 16,145,591 cubic yards. The Visalia Landfill is expected to cease operation in January of 2024. A typical residence disposes of approximately 10 pounds of solid waste each day. The 273 residences proposed by the Project would generate approximately 1,619 cubic yard of waste per year. Assuming the current maximum daily throughput of solid waste were committed to the landfill each day through its closure date, the Project’s incremental contribution of solid waste would not result in the need for new or physically altered landfill facilities to meet service objectives, and thus there would be a less than significant impact.
e) Would the project comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project will be required to comply with all regulations applicable to solid waste generation for residential projects. In order for the Project to comply with local regulations, the residential subdivision Project would be provided with basic container service. Each property owner will receive a container for solid waste, green waste, and recyclable materials. Impacts will be less than significant.
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4.20 WILDFIRE
Table 4-30: Wildfire Impacts
If located in or near state
responsibility areas or lands classified
as very high fire hazard severity
zones, would the project:
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Substantially impair an adopted emergency
response plan or emergency evacuation
plan?
b) Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other
factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and
thereby expose project occupants to
pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or
the uncontrollable spread of wildfire?
c) Require the installation or maintenance of
associated infrastructure (such as roads,
fuel breaks, emergency water sources,
power lines or other utilities) that may
exacerbate fire risk or that may result in
temporary or ongoing impacts to the
environment?
d) Expose people or structures to significant
risks, including downslope or downstream
flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff,
post-fire slope instability, or drainage
changes?
Baseline Conditions
The Project site would be located in an area that is not designated as being a very high fire hazard severity zone.51 The Project site is also not located in an area that has been designated as a State Responsibility Area (SRA) by the California Board of Forestry and Fire Protection’s State Responsibility Area Viewer. 52 The nearest Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone is located in Three Rivers, approximately 19 miles away. The nearest SRA is approximately 8 miles away. The site is considered a local responsibility area and is served by City of Visalia Fire Stations. The nearest fire stations to the Project site are the City of Visalia Fire Station 56, approximately 0.33 miles to the southeast. The Project site is relatively flat and is surrounded by residential development to the north and agricultural land to the south.
Applicable Regulations
Federal
Federal Emergency Management Act
The Federal Emergency Management Agency is an agency within the United States Department of Homeland Security, signed as Executive Order 12127 on April 1, 1979 by President Jimmy Carter. A second Executive Order 12148 signed on July 20, 1979 accorded the agency with the missions of emergency
51 (California Department of Forestry and FIre Protection n.d.) 52 (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection n.d.) 1251
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management and civil defense. The state’s governor must declare a state of emergency and formally request from the president that FEMA and the federal government respond to the disaster.
Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000
The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires a State mitigation plan as a condition of disaster assistance.
There are two different levels of State disaster plans: “Standard;” and “Enhanced.” States that develop an approved Enhanced State Plan, which includes California, can increase the amount of funding available through the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. The Act has also established new requirements for local hazard mitigation plans.
National Fire Plan
The National Fire Plan was developed under Executive Order 11246 in August 2000, following a landmark wildland fire season. Its intent is to actively respond to severe wildland fires and their impacts to communities while ensuring sufficient firefighting capacity for the future. The plan addresses firefighting, rehabilitation, hazardous fuels reduction, community assistance, and accountability.
State
California Fire Plan
The Strategic California Fire Plan is the State’s ro ad map for reducing the risk of wildfire. The plan was finalized in August 2018 and directs each CAL FIRE Unit to prepare a locally specific Fire Management Plan.
These documents assess the fire situation within each of CAL FIRE’s 21 units and six contract counties. The plans include stakeholder contributions and priorities and identify strategic areas for pre-fire planning and fuel treatment as defined by the people who live and work in the fire hazard areas. The plans are required to be updated annually.
Wildland-Urban Interface Building Standards
On September 20, 2007, the Building Standards Commission approved the Office of the State Fire Marshal emergency regulations amending the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2, known as the California Building Code. These codes include provisions for ignition-resistant construction standards in the WUI.
California Office of Emergency Services
The California Office of Emergency Services (OES) prepares the State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (SHMP). The SHMP identifies hazard risks and includes a vulnerability analysis and a hazard mitigation strategy. The SHMP is required Federally under the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 in order for the State to receive Federal funding.
California Fire and Building Code
The 2022 Fire and Building Code establishes the minimum requirements consistent with nationally recognized good practices to safeguard the public health, safety, and general welfare for the hazards of fire, explosion, or dangerous conditions in new and existing buildings, structures, and premises, and to provide safety and assistance to firefighters and emergency responders during emergency operations. The provisions of this code apply to the construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, maintenance, removal, and demolition of every building or structure or any additions connected or attached to such building structures throughout the State of California.
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Local
City of Visalia Fire Department Plan Check and Hydrant Ordinance Visalia’s requirements for new construction include provisions for the Fire Department to review building and site plans prior to the issuance of any permit. The Fire Department ensures that proposed projects will be adequately served by water, and accessible to emergency vehicles. The Department also enforces the City’s Hydrant Ordinance, which states that subdividers are responsible for the installation of water mains and hydrants and determines the minimum spacing for fire hydrants. Street dimensions are scrutinized to ensure that space will be preserved for ladder trucks to be stabilized, and for emergency vehicles to turn around. Basic requirements in the City’s subdivision ordinance incl ude 52 -foot minimum right -of-way widths and a 53-foot turning radius for cul-de-sacs.
Master Mutual Aid Plan
The City of Visalia actively participates in the California Master Mutual Aid Plan. Formal mutual aid agreements have been written between the Ci ty and surrounding jurisdictions. A broad automatic aid agreement encompassing 59 square miles surrounding Visalia exists between Tulare County and the City.
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazards Mitigation Plan
Visalia is one of 11 member jurisdictions of a Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazards Mitigation Plan (MJ-LHMP) led by the Tulare County Office of Emergency Services. The MJ -LHMP is a formal document designed to significantly reduce loss of life and injuries resulting from a disaster; minimize damage to s tructures and property, as well as destruction of essential services and activities; protect the environment; and promote hazard mitigation as an integrated public policy. The most recent version of the MJ -LHP was adopted in 2011; updates to the plan are carried out every five years.
Visalia Emergency Operations Plan
The California Emergency Services Act (Government Code Section 8550-8668) requires each city to prepare and maintain an Emergency Plan for natural, manmade, or war -caused emergencies that res ult in conditions of disaster or in extreme peril to life. The Visalia Emergency Operations Plan was updated and adopted in 2011. The Plan includes planning and response scenarios for seismic hazards, extreme weather conditions, landslides, dam failure and other flooding, wildland fires, hazardous materials incidents, transportation emergencies, civil disturbance, and terrorist attacks. It is meant to work in conjunction with the Tulare County Emergency Operations Plan and the State Emergency Plan. The Emer gency Council of the Tulare County Operational Area meets for regional coordination purposes at least four times per year.
In addition, the Visalia Fire Department has specific procedures for hazardous materials emergency response.
Impact Analysis
a) If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?
No Impact. The Project would not be located within an area that has been designated as a very-high fire hazard severity zone, nor has it been designated as an SRA. Furthermore, the Project is not located near a very high hazard severity zone, nor an SRA. As identified previously, the nearest Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone is located in Three Rivers, approximately 19 miles away and the nearest SRA is approximately eight miles away. Therefore, there would be no impact. 1253
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b) If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fir e hazard severity zones, would the project due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks and thereby expose project occupants to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire?
No Impact. Due to the Project site ’s lack of proximity to lands being classified a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone or a SRA, there would be no impact.
c) If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severi ty zones, would the project require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment? No Impact. The Project site is not located near a very high hazard severity zone or an SRA, nor is it located in proximity to either one. Therefore, there would be no impact. d) If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes? No Impact. The Project would not be located within an area that has been designated as a very-high fire hazard severity zone, nor has it been designated as an SRA. Furthermore, the Project is not located near a very high hazard severity zone, nor an SRA. Therefore, there would be no impact.
1254
Chapter 4: Environmental Impact Analysis
Pearl Woods Subdivision
April 2023 4-136
4.21 CEQA MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Table 4-31: CEQA Mandatory Findings of Significance
Does the project:
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No Impact
a) Have the potential to substantially degrade the
quality of the environment, substantially
reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species,
cause a fish or wildlife population to drop
below self-sustaining levels, threaten to
eliminate a plant or animal community,
substantially reduce the number or restrict the
range of a rare or endangered plant or animal
or eliminate important examples of the major
periods of California history or prehistory?
b) Have impacts that are individually limited, but
cumulatively considerable? (“Cumulatively
considerable” means that the incremental
effects of a project are considerable when
viewed in connection with the effects of past
projects, the effects of other current projects,
and the effects of probable future projects)?
c) Have environmental effects which will cause
substantial adverse effects on human beings,
either directly or indirectly?
Statement of Findings
a) Does the project have the potential to substantially degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self - sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, substantially reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory?
Less than Significant Impact with Mitigated Incorporated . The analysis conducted in this Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration results in a determination that the Project, with incorporation of mitigation measures, will have a less than significant effect on the environment. The potential for impacts to agricultural resources, biological resources, cultural resources, geological and tribal cultural resources from the implementation of the proposed Project will be less than significant with the incorporation of the mitigation measures discussed in this analy sis. Accordingly, the proposed Project will involve no potential for significant impacts through the degradation of the quality of the environment, the reduction in the habitat or population of fish or wildlife, including endangered plants or animals, the elimination of a plant or animal community or example of a major period of California history or prehistory.
1255
Chapter 4: Environmental Impact Analysis
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April 2023 4-137
b) Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? (“Cumulatively considerable” means that the incremen tal effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects)?
Less than Significant Impact. CEQA Guidelines Section 15064(i) States that a Lead Agency shall consider whether the cumulative impact of a project is significant and whether the effects of the project are cumulatively considerable. The assessment of the significance of the cumulative effects of a project must, therefore, be conducted in connection with the effects of past projects, other current projects, and probable future projects. The proposed Project would include an annexation, pre -zone and subdivision for purposes of allowing the development of a new residential subdivisions and associated infrastructure to connect the subdivision to the City of Visalia. The Project site was anticipated for urbanization with the development of the C ity’s General Plan. Therefore, implementation of the Project would not result in significant cumulative impacts and all potential impacts would be reduced to less than significant through the implementation of mitigation measures and basic regulatory requirements incorporated into Project design.
c) Does the project have environmental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly?
Less than Significant Impact. The analysis conducted in this Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration results in a determination that the Project would have a less than a substantial adverse effect on human beings, either directly or indirectly.
1256
Chapter 5- Mitigation, Monitoring, & Reporting Program
Pearl Woods Subdivision
April 2023 5-1
CHAPTER 5 MITIGATION,
MONITORING, AND REPORTING
PROGRAM
This Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) has been formulated based upon the findings of the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) for the Project in the City of Visalia. The MMRP lists mitigation measures recommended in the I S/MND for the Project and identifies monitoring and reporting requirements.
Table 5-1: Mitigation, Monitoring, and Reporting Program presents the mitigation measures identified for the Project. Each mitigation measure is numbered with a symbol indicating the topical section to which it pertains, a hyphen, and the impact number. For example, AIR-2 would be the second mitigation measure identified in the Air Quality analysis of the IS/MND.
The first column of Table 5-1: Mitigation, Monitoring, and Reporting Program identifies the mitigat ion measure. The second column, entitled “When Monitoring is to Occur,” identifies the time the mitigation measure should be initiated. The third column, “Frequency of Monitoring,” identifies the frequency of the monitoring of the mitigation measure. The f ourth column, “Agency Responsible for Monitoring,” names the party ultimately responsible for ensuring that the mitigation measure is implemented. The last columns will be used by the Lead and Responsible Agencies to ensure that individual mitigation measures have been complied with and monitored.
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Chapter 5- Mitigation, Monitoring, & Reporting Program
Pearl Woods Subdivision
April 2023 5-2
Table 5-1: Mitigation, Monitoring, and Reporting Program Mitigation, Monitoring, and Reporting Program
Item Mitigation Measure When Monitoring
is to Occur
Frequency
of
Monitoring
Agency Responsible
for Monitoring
Method to
Verify
Compliance
Verification
of
Compliance
Agricultural and Forestry Resources
AGR-
1 Prior to the issuance of grading or building permits, the Project proponent shall mitigate impacts for loss of Prime Farmland and Farmland of Statewide Importance on the
Project site at a 1:1 ratio. The Project proponent shall implement one or more of the following measures to
mitigate the loss: Payment of In -Lieu Fees, Mitigation Banks, Fee Title Acquisition, Conservation Easements,
and/or Land Use Regulation on land(s)wi thin the Southern San Joaquin Valley of California, specifically within Kern County, Tulare County, Kings County, Fresno County, or
Madera County. The City shall require, at a minimum:
evidence that the preserved land has adequate water
supply, agricultural zoning, evidence of land encumbrance documentation, documentation that the
easement/regulations are permanent and monitored, and
documentation that the mitigation strategy is
appropriately endowed. This mitigation shall be verified by the City prior to i ssuance of grading or building permits.
Should the City of Visalia develop an Agricultural Mitigation Program before future construction within the Project
begins, the Project proponent shall mitigate for the loss of agricultural land pursuant to the Progr am that is adopted by the City.
Prior to issuance of
grading or building
permits
Once Applicant/Contractor
Biological Resources
Nesting Raptors, Migratory Birds, and Special Status Birds BIO-
1 The Project’s construction activities will occur, if feasible, between September 16 and January 31 (outside of nesting bird season) in an effort to avoid impacts to nesting birds.
Prior to
construction
Once Applicant/Contractor
BIO-
2 If activities must occur within nesting bird season (February 1 to September 15), a qualified biologist would conduct pre-construction surveys for Swainson’s hawk nests onsite Prior to
construction
Once Applicant/Contractor
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Chapter 5- Mitigation, Monitoring, & Reporting Program
Pearl Woods Subdivision
April 2023 5-3
Mitigation, Monitoring, and Reporting Program
Item Mitigation Measure When Monitoring
is to Occur
Frequency
of
Monitoring
Agency Responsible
for Monitoring
Method to
Verify
Compliance
Verification
of
Compliance
and within a 0.5 -mile radius. This survey would be
conducted in accordance with the Recommended Timing
and Methodology for Swainson's Hawk Nesting Surveys in
California's Central Valley (Swainson's Hawk Technical
Advisory Committee, 2000) or current guidance. The pre - construction survey would also provide a
presence/absence survey for all other nesting birds within the APE and an additional 50 feet, no more than 7 days
prior to the start of construction. All raptor nests would be considered “active” upon the nest-building stage.
BIO-
3 On discovery of any active nests or breeding colonies near work areas, the biologist will determine appropriate
construction setback distances based on applicable CDFW and/or USFWS guidelines and/or the biology of the species in question. Construction buff ers will be identified with flagging, fencing, or other easily visible means, and will be maintained until the biologist has determined that the
nestlings have fledged and are no longer dependent on the nest.
Upon discovery of
active nests or
colonies near work
areas
Once Applicant/Contractor
Bats
BIO-
4 The Project’s construction activities will occur, if feasible, between November 1 and February 28 (outside of bat
maternity season) in an effort to avoid impacts to maternity roosts.
Prior to
construction
Once Applicant/Contractor
BIO-
5 A pre-construction focused survey for bats will be
performed if construction activities fall between March 1 and September 30 (bat maternity season) and include tree removal. The survey will be focused on trees to be removed during construction and be conduc ted by a qualified
biologist within (7) seven days prior to tree removal.
Prior to
construction
Once Applicant/Contractor
BIO-
6 On discovery of any bat roosts near work areas, a qualified biologist should determine appropriate construction
setback distances (buffer zones) based on applicable CDFW Upon discovery of
active nests or
colonies near work
areas
Once Applicant/Contractor
1259
Chapter 5- Mitigation, Monitoring, & Reporting Program
Pearl Woods Subdivision
April 2023 5-4
Mitigation, Monitoring, and Reporting Program
Item Mitigation Measure When Monitoring
is to Occur
Frequency
of
Monitoring
Agency Responsible
for Monitoring
Method to
Verify
Compliance
Verification
of
Compliance
and/or USFWS guidelines, if appropriate. Construction
buffers will be identified with flagging, fencing, or other easily visible means, and should be maintained until the biologist has determined that the roost will no longer be impacted by construction.
BIO-
7 Construction activities will be limited to daylight hours to reduce potential impacts to special status bats that could be foraging onsite.
Prior to
construction
Once Applicant/Contractor
Northern California legless lizard
BIO-
8 The Project’s construction activities will occur, if feasible, where discing or ground disturbance has previously
occurred and avoid areas that contain loose soil and leaf litter.
Prior to
construction
Once Applicant/Contractor
BIO-
9 If activities must occur in areas that contain loose soil and leaf litter a qualified biologist will conduct pre-construction surveys within 48 hours pr ior to beginning ground
disturbing activities. Any loose substrate in which lizards could bury themselves will be gently raked with a hand tool (e.g., a garden rake) to a depth of two inches to locate any lizards that could be under the surface.
Prior to
construction
Once Applicant/Contractor
Cultural Resources
CUL-
1 Should archaeological remains or artifacts be unearthed during any stage of project activities, work in the area of discovery shall cease until the area is evaluated by a
qualified archaeologist. If mitigation is warranted, the project proponent shall abide by recommendations of the archaeologist.
During construction Continuously Applicant/Contractor
CUL-
2 In the event that any human remains are discovered on the Project site, the Tulare County Coroner must be notified of the discovery (California Health and Safety Code, Section 7050.5) and all activities in the immediate area of the find or in any nearby ar ea reasonably suspected to overlie
adjacent human remains must cease until appropriate and Upon discovery of
human remains
Continuously Applicant/Contractor
1260
Chapter 5- Mitigation, Monitoring, & Reporting Program
Pearl Woods Subdivision
April 2023 5-5
Mitigation, Monitoring, and Reporting Program
Item Mitigation Measure When Monitoring
is to Occur
Frequency
of
Monitoring
Agency Responsible
for Monitoring
Method to
Verify
Compliance
Verification
of
Compliance
lawful measures have been implemented. If the Coroner
determines that the remains are not recent, but rather of Native American origin, the Coroner shall notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) in Sacramento
within 24 hours to permit the NAHC to determine the Most Likely Descendent of the deceased Native American.
Geology and Soils
GEO-
1 Should paleontological resources be encountered on the Project site, all ground disturbing activities in the area shall stop. A qualified paleontologist shall be contacted to assess the discovery. Mitigation may include monitoring,
recording the foss il locality, data recovery and analysis, a final report. Public educational outreach may also be
appropriate. Upon completion of the assessment, a report documenting methods, findings, and recommendations
shall be prepared and submitted to the City of Visa lia for review, and (if paleontological materials are recovered) a paleontological repository, such as the University of
California Museum of Paleontology.
Upon discovery of
paleontological
resources
Continuously Applicant/Contractor
Tribal Cultural Resources
TCR-
1 (Tribal Cultural Resource Presentation): Due to Tribal history and knowledge of the project area, the Santa Rosa Rancheria Tachi Yokut Tribe has concerns and is requesting to be retained for a cultural presentation to all construction staff of the Project, prior to start of construction activities.
Prior to
commencement of
construction
activities
Continuously Applicant/Contractor
TCR-
2 (Tribal Cultural Monitoring): An approved Tribal Monitor shall be retained to be on site to monitor during all project- related ground-disturbing construction activities within the Cultural APE (i.e., grading, excavation, etc.).
Prior to
commencement of
construction
activities
Continuously Applicant/Contractor
1261
Chapter 5- Mitigation, Monitoring, & Reporting Program
Pearl Woods Subdivision
April 2023 5-6
Mitigation, Monitoring, and Reporting Program
Item Mitigation Measure When Monitoring
is to Occur
Frequency
of
Monitoring
Agency Responsible
for Monitoring
Method to
Verify
Compliance
Verification
of
Compliance
TCR-
3 Curation of Archaeological Collections): A curation
agreement shall be entered into with the Santa Rosa
Rancheria Tachi Yokut Tribe, materials and documents
would be professionally curated as outlined in agreement and made available to other archaeologists or researchers for further study. The collections and associated records shall be transferred, to an appropriate curation facility as outlined in agreement with Santa Rosa Rancheria Tachi
Yokut Tribe, to be accompanied by payment.
Prior to
commencement of
construction
activities
Continuously Applicant/Contractor
Table Notes
Mitigation, Monitoring, and Reporting Program
1262
References
Pearl Woods Subdivision
April 2023 6-1
CHAPTER 6 REFERENCES
n.d.
American Legal Publishing. 2023. Chapter 12.24: City of Visalia Oak Tree Preservation. https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/visalia/latest/visalia_ca/0-0-0-28682. —. 2023. City of Visalia Municipal Code. Chapter 17.52: Quasi-Public Zone. https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/visalia/latest/visalia_ca/0-0-0-36280#JD_Chapter17.52.
Best Places. 2022. Climate in Tulare County, California. https://www.bestplaces.net/climate/county/california/tulare.
California Department of F orestry and Fire Protection. 2022. California State Responsibility Areas. https://www.arcgis.com/apps/mapviewer/index.html?layers=5ac1dae3cb2544629a845d9a19e83 991.
—. 2022. FHSZ Viewer. https://egis.fire.ca.gov/FHSZ/.
California Department of Toxic Substan ces Control. 2022. California Department of Toxic Substances Control EnviroStor. https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/.
California Department of Water Resources. 2022. California's Groundwater Live: Groundwater Levels. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/b3886b33b49c4fa8adf2ae8bdd8f16c3. —. 2022. Dam Breach Inundation Map Web Publisher.
https://fmds.water.ca.gov/webgis/?appid=dam_prototype_v2. —. 2023. Groundwater Sustainability Plans. https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Groundwater- Management/SGMA-Groundwater-Management/Groundwater-Sustainability-Plans.
California Department of Water Resources. Natural Resources Agency. 2015. "California’s Groundwater Update 2013." https://water.ca.gov/ -/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/Groundwater- Management/Data-and-Tools/Files/Statewide-Reports/California-Groundwater-Update- 2013/California-Groundwater-Update-2013---Chapter-9---Tulare-Lake.pdf.
California Geological Survey. 2008. "Guidelines for Evaluating and Mitigating Seismic Hazards in California." https://www.conservation.ca.gov/smgb/Guidelines/Documents/SP117-091508.pdf.
California Regional Water Quality Control Board Central Valley Region. 2018. "Water Quality Control Plan for the Tulare Lake Basin, Third Edition."
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/rwqcb5/water_issues/basin_plans/tularelakebp_201805.pdf.
California Water Boards. 2022. Basin Planning.
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralvalley/water_issues/basin_plans/. —. 2023. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) - Wastewater. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/npdes/. 1263
References
Pearl Woods Subdivision
April 2023 6-2
—. 2023. Waste Discharge Requirements Program.
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/waste_discharge_requirements/.
California Water Service. 2021. "2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District ." https://www.calwater.com/docs/uwmp2020/VIS_2020_UWMP_FINAL.pdf.
California Wildlife Conservation Board. 2023. Oak Woodlands Conservation Program. https://wcb.ca.gov/Programs/Oaks.
City of Visalia. 2007. Oak Tree Mitigation Policy.
http://www.visalia.city/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=3800. —. 2023. Wastewater. https://www.visalia.city/depts/public_works/wastewater/default.asp.
CIty of Visalia, Dyett & Bhatia, Urban and Regional Planners, ICF International, Provost and Pritchard Consulting Group, Omni-Means, Transportation Planners and Engineers. 2014. "City of Visalia General Plan Update Draft Environmental Impact Report." Visalia. https://www.visalia.city/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=30497.
Dyett & Bhatia Urban and Regional Planners. 2014. "Visalia General Plan Update. Chapter 2: Land Use." Visalia. https://www.visalia.city/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=30474.
Dyett & Bhatia Urban and Regional Planners. 2014. "Visalia General Plan Update: Parks, Schools, Community Fa cilities, and Utilities."
https://www.visalia.city/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=30477.
Dyett & Bhatia Urban and Regional Planners. 2014. "Visalia General Plan Update: Safety and Noise." Visalia. https://www.visalia.city/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=30480.
ESA. 2010. "Tulare County General Plan Recirculated Draft Environmental Impact Report." http://generalplan.co.tulare.ca.us/documents/GP/002Board%20of%20Supervisors%20Materials/ 001BOS%20Agenda%20Items%20-
%20Public%20Hearing%20August,%2028%202012/002Attachment%20A.%20FEIR/001Exhibit%20
1.%20FEIR%20Exec%20Summary%20&%20Chap%201-6/Recirculated%20.
ICC Digital Codes. 2020. 2019 California Building Code, Title 24, Part 2: Chapter 16 Structural Design. https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/CBC2019P2/chapter-16-structural- design#:~:text=About%20this%20chapter%3A%20Chapter%2016%20establishes%20minimum%2 0design,categories%20that%20are%20indicative%20of%20their%20intended%20use.
National Park Service. 2022. Sequoia & Kings Canyon. March 28. https://www.nps.gov/seki/index.htm.
RRM Design Group. 2010. "Waterways and Trails Master Plan." Visalia. https://www.visalia.city/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=31825.
Schoolworks, Inc. 2022. "2022 Developer Fee Justification Study Visalia Unified School Distri ct." https://www.vusd.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=24&dataid=109027&F ileName=VUSD%20Developer%20Fee%20Justification%20Study%202022.pdf.
State of California. 2022. State Water Resources Control Board Geo Tracker. https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/.
1264
References
Pearl Woods Subdivision
April 2023 6-3
United States Census Bureau. 2020. "Quick Facts. Visalia City, California." https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/visaliacitycalifornia.
United States Department of Agriculture. 2019. "2017 Census of Agriculture." https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2017/Online_Resources/Farm_and_Ranch_Irr igation_Survey/fris.pdf.
United States Geological Survey. 2022. California's Central Valley. https://ca.water.usgs.gov/projects/central-valley/san-joaquin-basin.html.
1265
Appendices
Pearl Woods Subdivision
April 2023 A-1
Appendix A: CalEEMod Output Files
1266
Pearl Woods
Tulare County, Annual
Project Characteristics -
Land Use - Lot acreage to actual
Construction Phase -
Grading - Grading to be balanced
Architectural Coating - Rule 4601
Fleet Mix - Assumed 2024 SJVAPCD Residential Fleet Mix
Area Coating - Rule 4601
Land Use Change -
Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation - Dust Control Plan Required Mobile Land Use Mitigation -
Area Mitigation - Rule 4601
1.1 Land Usage
Land Uses
Size
Metric
Lot Acreage
Floor Surface Area
Population
Single Family Housing
273.00
Dwelling Unit
53.67 491,400.00
781
City Park
8.96 Acre
8.96 390,297.60
0 1.2 Other Project Characteristics
Urbanization
Climate Zone
Urban
3 Wind Speed (m/s)
Precipitation Freq (Days)
2.2 51
1.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data
1.0 Project Characteristics
Utility Company
Southern California Edison
2024
Operational Year
CO2 Intensity
(lb/MWhr)
390.98
0.033
CH4 Intensity
(lb/MWhr)
0.004
N2O Intensity
(lb/MWhr)
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1267
Sequestration - 578 new trees
Table Name
Column Name
Default Value
New Value
tblArchitecturalCoating
EF_Residential_Exterior
150.00
50.00 tblArchitecturalCoating
EF_Residential_Interior
150.00
50.00 tblAreaCoating
Area_EF_Residential_Exterior
150
50 tblAreaCoating
Area_EF_Residential_Interior
150
50 tblConstDustMitigation
WaterUnpavedRoadVehicleSpeed
0 15
tblConstructionPhase
PhaseEndDate
9/1/2028
5/26/2028
tblConstructionPhase
PhaseEndDate
2/4/2028
10/29/2027
tblConstructionPhase
PhaseEndDate
11/3/2023
7/28/2023
tblConstructionPhase
PhaseEndDate
5/19/2028
2/11/2028
tblConstructionPhase
PhaseEndDate
6/2/2023
2/24/2023
tblConstructionPhase
PhaseStartDate
5/20/2028
2/12/2028
tblConstructionPhase
PhaseStartDate
11/4/2023
7/29/2023
tblConstructionPhase
PhaseStartDate
6/3/2023
2/25/2023
tblConstructionPhase
PhaseStartDate
2/5/2028
10/30/2027
tblFleetMix
HHD
0.02 0.02
tblFleetMix
LDA
0.51 0.53
tblFleetMix
LDT1
0.05 0.21
tblFleetMix
LDT2
0.17 0.17
tblFleetMix
LHD1
0.03 9.0000e-004
tblFleetMix
LHD2
7.9960e-003
9.0000e-004
tblFleetMix
MCY
0.02 2.5000e-003
tblFleetMix
MDV
0.17 0.06
tblFleetMix
MH
3.5920e-003
2.0000e-003
tblFleetMix
MHD
0.01 8.0000e-003
tblFleetMix
OBUS
6.3600e-004
0.00 tblFleetMix
SBUS
1.4650e-003
2.0000e-004
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1268
2.0 Emissions Summary
2.1 Overall Construction
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Year
tons/yr
MT/yr
2023
0.3292
2.9580
2.9287
7.0000e-
003
0.6636
0.1190
0.7825
0.2436
0.1103
0.3539
0.0000
626.2135
626.2135
0.1312
0.0181
634.8955
2024
0.3162
2.3838
3.1400
8.2500e-
003
0.3539
0.0852
0.4392
0.0960
0.0802
0.1762
0.0000
750.9129
750.9129
0.0796
0.0415
765.2641
2025
0.2926
2.2369
3.0479
8.1000e-
003
0.3526
0.0736
0.4262
0.0956
0.0693
0.1649
0.0000
738.8488
738.8488
0.0781
0.0402
752.7744
2026
0.2849
2.2261
2.9926
7.9800e-
003
0.3526
0.0735
0.4261
0.0956
0.0692
0.1648
0.0000
729.3576
729.3576
0.0775
0.0391
742.9417
2027
0.2516
2.0277
2.7703
7.0500e-
003
0.2945
0.0702
0.3647
0.0798
0.0659
0.1457
0.0000
643.1376
643.1376
0.0783
0.0315
654.4886
2028
1.5627
0.1747
0.3279
5.8000e-
004
0.0173
8.2800e-
003
0.0256
4.6100e-
003
7.7700e-
003
0.0124
0.0000
51.9582
51.9582
0.0105
3.1000e-
004
52.3144
Maximum
1.5627
2.9580
3.1400
8.2500e-
003
0.6636
0.1190
0.7825
0.2436
0.1103
0.3539
0.0000
750.9129
750.9129
0.1312
0.0415
765.2641
Unmitigated Construction
tblFleetMix
UBUS
4.7100e-004
4.3000e-003
tblLandUse
LotAcreage
88.64 53.67
tblSequestration
NumberOfNewTrees
0.00 578.00
tblWoodstoves
NumberCatalytic
53.67 0.00
tblWoodstoves
NumberNoncatalytic
53.67 0.00
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1269
2.1 Overall Construction
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Year
tons/yr
MT/yr
2023
0.3292
2.9580
2.9287
7.0000e-
003
0.3852
0.1190
0.5041
0.1331
0.1103
0.2433
0.0000
626.2130
626.2130
0.1312
0.0181
634.8950
2024
0.3162
2.3838
3.1400
8.2500e-
003
0.3539
0.0852
0.4392
0.0960
0.0802
0.1762
0.0000
750.9125
750.9125
0.0796
0.0415
765.2637
2025
0.2926
2.2369
3.0479
8.1000e-
003
0.3526
0.0736
0.4262
0.0956
0.0693
0.1649
0.0000
738.8484
738.8484
0.0781
0.0402
752.7740
2026
0.2849
2.2261
2.9926
7.9800e-
003
0.3526
0.0735
0.4261
0.0956
0.0692
0.1648
0.0000
729.3573
729.3573
0.0775
0.0391
742.9413
2027
0.2516
2.0277
2.7703
7.0500e-
003
0.2945
0.0702
0.3647
0.0798
0.0659
0.1457
0.0000
643.1372
643.1372
0.0783
0.0315
654.4883
2028
1.5627
0.1747
0.3279
5.8000e-
004
0.0173
8.2800e-
003
0.0256
4.6100e-
003
7.7700e-
003
0.0124
0.0000
51.9581
51.9581
0.0105
3.1000e-
004
52.3143
Maximum
1.5627
2.9580
3.1400
8.2500e-
003
0.3852
0.1190
0.5041
0.1331
0.1103
0.2433
0.0000
750.9125
750.9125
0.1312
0.0415
765.2637
Mitigated Construction
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio-CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N20
CO2e
Percent
Reduction
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
13.68 0.00
11.30 17.97
0.00 10.86
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
Quarter
Start Date
End Date
Maximum Unmitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter)
Maximum Mitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter)
1 1-1-2023
3-31-2023
0.4745
0.4745
2 4-1-2023
6-30-2023
1.2339
1.2339
3 7-1-2023
9-30-2023
0.8765
0.8765
4 10-1-2023
12-31-2023
0.7226
0.7226
5 1-1-2024
3-31-2024
0.6754
0.6754
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1270
6 4-1-2024
6-30-2024
0.6672
0.6672
7 7-1-2024
9-30-2024
0.6746
0.6746
8 10-1-2024
12-31-2024
0.6829
0.6829
9 1-1-2025
3-31-2025
0.6283
0.6283
10 4-1-2025
6-30-2025
0.6271
0.6271
11 7-1-2025
9-30-2025
0.6340
0.6340
12 10-1-2025
12-31-2025
0.6423
0.6423
13 1-1-2026
3-31-2026
0.6236
0.6236
14 4-1-2026
6-30-2026
0.6224
0.6224
15 7-1-2026
9-30-2026
0.6292
0.6292
16 10-1-2026
12-31-2026
0.6374
0.6374
17 1-1-2027
3-31-2027
0.6193
0.6193
18 4-1-2027
6-30-2027
0.6180
0.6180
19 7-1-2027
9-30-2027
0.6248
0.6248
20 10-1-2027
12-31-2027
0.4147
0.4147
21 1-1-2028
3-31-2028
0.8874
0.8874
22 4-1-2028
6-30-2028
0.8505
0.8505
Highest
1.2339
1.2339
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1271
2.2 Overall Operational
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Area
2.1495
0.1255
2.0697
7.6000e-
004
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0000
121.5769
121.5769
5.4400e-
003
2.1700e-
003
122.3592
Energy
0.0354
0.3024
0.1287
1.9300e-
003
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0000
736.2487
736.2487
0.0393
0.0104
740.3213
Mobile
0.8589
1.5455
9.4988
0.0252
2.6727
0.0191
2.6918
0.7127
0.0178
0.7305
0.0000
2,383.479
8 2,383.479
8 0.1363
0.1197
2,422.541
0 Waste
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
57.2292
0.0000
57.2292
3.3822
0.0000
141.7830
Water
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
5.6430
30.6556
36.2986
0.5822
0.0140
55.0248
Total
3.0437
1.9733
11.6972
0.0279
2.6727
0.0631
2.7357
0.7127
0.0618
0.7744
62.8723
3,271.961
0 3,334.833
3 4.1453
0.1462
3,482.029
3 Unmitigated Operational
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1272
2.2 Overall Operational
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Area
2.1495
0.1255
2.0697
7.6000e-
004
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0000
121.5769
121.5769
5.4400e-
003
2.1700e-
003
122.3592
Energy
0.0354
0.3024
0.1287
1.9300e-
003
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0000
736.2487
736.2487
0.0393
0.0104
740.3213
Mobile
0.8558
1.5232
9.3584
0.0247
2.6192
0.0188
2.6380
0.6984
0.0175
0.7159
0.0000
2,337.380
9 2,337.380
9 0.1346
0.1178
2,375.858
4 Waste
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
57.2292
0.0000
57.2292
3.3822
0.0000
141.7830
Water
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
5.6430
30.6556
36.2986
0.5822
0.0140
55.0248
Total
3.0406
1.9511
11.5568
0.0274
2.6192
0.0627
2.6819
0.6984
0.0615
0.7598
62.8723
3,225.862
1 3,288.734
4 4.1437
0.1444
3,435.346
7 Mitigated Operational
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio-CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N20
CO2e
Percent
Reduction
0.10 1.13
1.20 1.72
2.00 0.54
1.97 2.00
0.52 1.88
0.00 1.41
1.38 0.04
1.25 1.34
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1273
3.0 Construction Detail
2.3 Vegetation
CO2e
Category
MT
New Trees
409.2240
Vegetation Land
Change
-388.3060
Total
20.9180
Vegetation
Construction Phase
Phase
Number
Phase Name
Phase Type
Start Date
End Date
Num Days
Week
Num Days
Phase Description
1 Site Preparation
Site Preparation
4/8/2023
2/24/2023
5 40
2 Grading
Grading
2/25/2023
7/28/2023
5 110
3 Building Construction
Building Construction
7/29/2023
10/29/2027
5 1110
4 Paving
Paving
10/30/2027
2/11/2028
5 75
5 Architectural Coating
Architectural Coating
2/12/2028
5/26/2028
5 75
Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 60
Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 330
Acres of Paving: 0
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1274
OffRoad Equipment
Phase Name
Offroad Equipment Type
Amount
Usage Hours
Horse Power
Load Factor
Architectural Coating
Air Compressors
1 6.00
78 0.48
Building Construction
Cranes
1 7.00
231
0.29 Grading
Excavators
2 8.00
158
0.38 Building Construction
Forklifts
3 8.00
89 0.20
Building Construction
Generator Sets
1 8.00
84 0.74
Grading
Graders
1 8.00
187
0.41 Paving
Pavers
2 8.00
130
0.42 Paving
Paving Equipment
2 8.00
132
0.36 Paving
Rollers
2 8.00
80 0.38
Grading
Rubber Tired Dozers
1 8.00
247
0.40 Site Preparation
Rubber Tired Dozers
3 8.00
247
0.40 Grading
Scrapers
2 8.00
367
0.48 Building Construction
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
3 7.00
97 0.37
Grading
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
2 8.00
97 0.37
Site Preparation
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
4 8.00
97 0.37
Building Construction
Welders
1 8.00
46 0.45
Trips and VMT
Phase Name
Offroad Equipment
Count
Worker Trip
Number
Vendor Trip
Number
Hauling Trip
Number
Worker Trip
Length
Vendor Trip
Length
Hauling Trip
Length
Worker Vehicle
Class
Vendor
Vehicle Class
Hauling
Vehicle Class
Site Preparation
7 18.00
0.00 0.00
10.80 7.30
20.00 LD_Mix
HDT_Mix
HHDT
Grading
8 20.00
0.00 0.00
10.80 7.30
20.00 LD_Mix
HDT_Mix
HHDT
Building Construction
9 262.00
93.00 0.00
10.80 7.30
20.00 LD_Mix
HDT_Mix
HHDT
Paving
6 15.00
0.00 0.00
10.80 7.30
20.00 LD_Mix
HDT_Mix
HHDT
Residential Indoor: 995,085; Residential Outdoor: 331,695; Non-Residential Indoor: 0; Non-Residential Outdoor: 0; Striped Parking Area: 0 (Architectural Coating
–
sqft)
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1275
3.2 Site Preparation - 2023
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Fugitive Dust
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Off-Road
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Total
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction
Water Exposed Area
Reduce Vehicle Speed on Unpaved Roads
Architectural Coating
1 52.00
0.00 0.00
10.80 7.30
20.00 LD_Mix
HDT_Mix
HHDT
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1276
3.2 Site Preparation - 2023
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Worker
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Total
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Fugitive Dust
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Off-Road
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Total
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1277
3.2 Site Preparation - 2023
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Worker
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Total
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.3 Grading - 2023
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Fugitive Dust
0.5062
0.0000
0.5062
0.2010
0.0000
0.2010
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Off-Road
0.1827
1.8984
1.5428
3.4100e-
003
0.0784
0.0784
0.0721
0.0721
0.0000
299.9437
299.9437
0.0970
0.0000
302.3688
Total
0.1827
1.8984
1.5428
3.4100e-
003
0.5062
0.0784
0.5846
0.2010
0.0721
0.2730
0.0000
299.9437
299.9437
0.0970
0.0000
302.3688
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1278
3.3 Grading - 2023
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Worker
3.8400e-
003
2.7000e-
003
0.0300
8.0000e-
005
8.7600e-
003
5.0000e-
005
8.8100e-
003
2.3300e-
003
4.0000e-
005
2.3700e-
003
0.0000
7.0461
7.0461
2.4000e-
004
2.3000e-
004
7.1192
Total
3.8400e-
003
2.7000e-
003
0.0300
8.0000e-
005
8.7600e-
003
5.0000e-
005
8.8100e-
003
2.3300e-
003
4.0000e-
005
2.3700e-
003
0.0000
7.0461
7.0461
2.4000e-
004
2.3000e-
004
7.1192
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Fugitive Dust
0.2278
0.0000
0.2278
0.0904
0.0000
0.0904
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Off-Road
0.1827
1.8984
1.5428
3.4100e-
003
0.0784
0.0784
0.0721
0.0721
0.0000
299.9433
299.9433
0.0970
0.0000
302.3685
Total
0.1827
1.8984
1.5428
3.4100e-
003
0.2278
0.0784
0.3061
0.0904
0.0721
0.1625
0.0000
299.9433
299.9433
0.0970
0.0000
302.3685
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1279
3.3 Grading - 2023
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Worker
3.8400e-
003
2.7000e-
003
0.0300
8.0000e-
005
8.7600e-
003
5.0000e-
005
8.8100e-
003
2.3300e-
003
4.0000e-
005
2.3700e-
003
0.0000
7.0461
7.0461
2.4000e-
004
2.3000e-
004
7.1192
Total
3.8400e-
003
2.7000e-
003
0.0300
8.0000e-
005
8.7600e-
003
5.0000e-
005
8.8100e-
003
2.3300e-
003
4.0000e-
005
2.3700e-
003
0.0000
7.0461
7.0461
2.4000e-
004
2.3000e-
004
7.1192
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.4 Building Construction - 2023
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off-Road
0.0865
0.7912
0.8934
1.4800e-
003
0.0385
0.0385
0.0362
0.0362
0.0000
127.4926
127.4926
0.0303
0.0000
128.2508
Total
0.0865
0.7912
0.8934
1.4800e-
003
0.0385
0.0385
0.0362
0.0362
0.0000
127.4926
127.4926
0.0303
0.0000
128.2508
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1280
3.4 Building Construction - 2023
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
5.7800e-
003
0.2304
0.0695
1.0400e-
003
0.0338
1.4700e-
003
0.0353
9.7700e-
003
1.4100e-
003
0.0112
0.0000
99.4268
99.4268
4.6000e-
004
0.0150
103.8945
Worker
0.0504
0.0354
0.3929
9.9000e-
004
0.1148
6.0000e-
004
0.1154
0.0305
5.5000e-
004
0.0311
0.0000
92.3043
92.3043
3.1300e-
003
2.9500e-
003
93.2621
Total
0.0561
0.2658
0.4624
2.0300e-
003
0.1486
2.0700e-
003
0.1507
0.0403
1.9600e-
003
0.0423
0.0000
191.7311
191.7311
3.5900e-
003
0.0179
197.1566
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off-Road
0.0865
0.7912
0.8934
1.4800e-
003
0.0385
0.0385
0.0362
0.0362
0.0000
127.4925
127.4925
0.0303
0.0000
128.2507
Total
0.0865
0.7912
0.8934
1.4800e-
003
0.0385
0.0385
0.0362
0.0362
0.0000
127.4925
127.4925
0.0303
0.0000
128.2507
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1281
3.4 Building Construction - 2023
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
5.7800e-
003
0.2304
0.0695
1.0400e-
003
0.0338
1.4700e-
003
0.0353
9.7700e-
003
1.4100e-
003
0.0112
0.0000
99.4268
99.4268
4.6000e-
004
0.0150
103.8945
Worker
0.0504
0.0354
0.3929
9.9000e-
004
0.1148
6.0000e-
004
0.1154
0.0305
5.5000e-
004
0.0311
0.0000
92.3043
92.3043
3.1300e-
003
2.9500e-
003
93.2621
Total
0.0561
0.2658
0.4624
2.0300e-
003
0.1486
2.0700e-
003
0.1507
0.0403
1.9600e-
003
0.0423
0.0000
191.7311
191.7311
3.5900e-
003
0.0179
197.1566
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.4 Building Construction - 2024
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off-Road
0.1928
1.7611
2.1179
3.5300e-
003
0.0803
0.0803
0.0756
0.0756
0.0000
303.7223
303.7223
0.0718
0.0000
305.5179
Total
0.1928
1.7611
2.1179
3.5300e-
003
0.0803
0.0803
0.0756
0.0756
0.0000
303.7223
303.7223
0.0718
0.0000
305.5179
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1282
3.4 Building Construction - 2024
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0134
0.5488
0.1617
2.4300e-
003
0.0806
3.5300e-
003
0.0841
0.0233
3.3800e-
003
0.0267
0.0000
233.1643
233.1643
1.0500e-
003
0.0350
243.6290
Worker
0.1101
0.0739
0.8605
2.2900e-
003
0.2734
1.3400e-
003
0.2747
0.0727
1.2300e-
003
0.0739
0.0000
214.0263
214.0263
6.6800e-
003
6.4600e-
003
216.1173
Total
0.1234
0.6227
1.0221
4.7200e-
003
0.3539
4.8700e-
003
0.3588
0.0960
4.6100e-
003
0.1006
0.0000
447.1906
447.1906
7.7300e-
003
0.0415
459.7462
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off-Road
0.1928
1.7611
2.1179
3.5300e-
003
0.0803
0.0803
0.0756
0.0756
0.0000
303.7220
303.7220
0.0718
0.0000
305.5175
Total
0.1928
1.7611
2.1179
3.5300e-
003
0.0803
0.0803
0.0756
0.0756
0.0000
303.7220
303.7220
0.0718
0.0000
305.5175
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1283
3.4 Building Construction - 2024
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0134
0.5488
0.1617
2.4300e-
003
0.0806
3.5300e-
003
0.0841
0.0233
3.3800e-
003
0.0267
0.0000
233.1643
233.1643
1.0500e-
003
0.0350
243.6290
Worker
0.1101
0.0739
0.8605
2.2900e-
003
0.2734
1.3400e-
003
0.2747
0.0727
1.2300e-
003
0.0739
0.0000
214.0263
214.0263
6.6800e-
003
6.4600e-
003
216.1173
Total
0.1234
0.6227
1.0221
4.7200e-
003
0.3539
4.8700e-
003
0.3588
0.0960
4.6100e-
003
0.1006
0.0000
447.1906
447.1906
7.7300e-
003
0.0415
459.7462
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.4 Building Construction - 2025
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off-Road
0.1785
1.6273
2.0991
3.5200e-
003
0.0689
0.0689
0.0648
0.0648
0.0000
302.6549
302.6549
0.0711
0.0000
304.4335
Total
0.1785
1.6273
2.0991
3.5200e-
003
0.0689
0.0689
0.0648
0.0648
0.0000
302.6549
302.6549
0.0711
0.0000
304.4335
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1284
3.4 Building Construction - 2025
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0130
0.5444
0.1582
2.3800e-
003
0.0802
3.5200e-
003
0.0838
0.0232
3.3600e-
003
0.0266
0.0000
228.1702
228.1702
1.0100e-
003
0.0342
238.3953
Worker
0.1011
0.0652
0.7907
2.2000e-
003
0.2723
1.2700e-
003
0.2736
0.0724
1.1700e-
003
0.0736
0.0000
208.0237
208.0237
5.9800e-
003
5.9500e-
003
209.9456
Total
0.1142
0.6096
0.9489
4.5800e-
003
0.3526
4.7900e-
003
0.3574
0.0956
4.5300e-
003
0.1001
0.0000
436.1939
436.1939
6.9900e-
003
0.0402
448.3409
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off-Road
0.1784
1.6273
2.0991
3.5200e-
003
0.0689
0.0689
0.0648
0.0648
0.0000
302.6545
302.6545
0.0711
0.0000
304.4331
Total
0.1784
1.6273
2.0991
3.5200e-
003
0.0689
0.0689
0.0648
0.0648
0.0000
302.6545
302.6545
0.0711
0.0000
304.4331
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1285
3.4 Building Construction - 2025
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0130
0.5444
0.1582
2.3800e-
003
0.0802
3.5200e-
003
0.0838
0.0232
3.3600e-
003
0.0266
0.0000
228.1702
228.1702
1.0100e-
003
0.0342
238.3953
Worker
0.1011
0.0652
0.7907
2.2000e-
003
0.2723
1.2700e-
003
0.2736
0.0724
1.1700e-
003
0.0736
0.0000
208.0237
208.0237
5.9800e-
003
5.9500e-
003
209.9456
Total
0.1142
0.6096
0.9489
4.5800e-
003
0.3526
4.7900e-
003
0.3574
0.0956
4.5300e-
003
0.1001
0.0000
436.1939
436.1939
6.9900e-
003
0.0402
448.3409
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.4 Building Construction - 2026
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off-Road
0.1785
1.6273
2.0991
3.5200e-
003
0.0689
0.0689
0.0648
0.0648
0.0000
302.6549
302.6549
0.0711
0.0000
304.4335
Total
0.1785
1.6273
2.0991
3.5200e-
003
0.0689
0.0689
0.0648
0.0648
0.0000
302.6549
302.6549
0.0711
0.0000
304.4335
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1286
3.4 Building Construction - 2026
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0127
0.5408
0.1556
2.3300e-
003
0.0802
3.5000e-
003
0.0837
0.0232
3.3400e-
003
0.0265
0.0000
223.9639
223.9639
9.8000e-
004
0.0336
233.9850
Worker
0.0938
0.0581
0.7380
2.1300e-
003
0.2723
1.2000e-
003
0.2735
0.0724
1.1000e-
003
0.0735
0.0000
202.7388
202.7388
5.3900e-
003
5.5400e-
003
204.5232
Total
0.1065
0.5988
0.8935
4.4600e-
003
0.3526
4.7000e-
003
0.3573
0.0956
4.4400e-
003
0.1001
0.0000
426.7027
426.7027
6.3700e-
003
0.0391
438.5082
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off-Road
0.1784
1.6273
2.0991
3.5200e-
003
0.0689
0.0689
0.0648
0.0648
0.0000
302.6545
302.6545
0.0711
0.0000
304.4331
Total
0.1784
1.6273
2.0991
3.5200e-
003
0.0689
0.0689
0.0648
0.0648
0.0000
302.6545
302.6545
0.0711
0.0000
304.4331
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1287
3.4 Building Construction - 2026
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0127
0.5408
0.1556
2.3300e-
003
0.0802
3.5000e-
003
0.0837
0.0232
3.3400e-
003
0.0265
0.0000
223.9639
223.9639
9.8000e-
004
0.0336
233.9850
Worker
0.0938
0.0581
0.7380
2.1300e-
003
0.2723
1.2000e-
003
0.2735
0.0724
1.1000e-
003
0.0735
0.0000
202.7388
202.7388
5.3900e-
003
5.5400e-
003
204.5232
Total
0.1065
0.5988
0.8935
4.4600e-
003
0.3526
4.7000e-
003
0.3573
0.0956
4.4400e-
003
0.1001
0.0000
426.7027
426.7027
6.3700e-
003
0.0391
438.5082
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.4 Building Construction - 2027
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off-Road
0.1477
1.3467
1.7371
2.9100e-
003
0.0570
0.0570
0.0536
0.0536
0.0000
250.4730
250.4730
0.0589
0.0000
251.9450
Total
0.1477
1.3467
1.7371
2.9100e-
003
0.0570
0.0570
0.0536
0.0536
0.0000
250.4730
250.4730
0.0589
0.0000
251.9450
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1288
3.4 Building Construction - 2027
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0103
0.4441
0.1270
1.8900e-
003
0.0664
2.8700e-
003
0.0693
0.0192
2.7500e-
003
0.0219
0.0000
181.6121
181.6121
7.9000e-
004
0.0272
189.7271
Worker
0.0721
0.0432
0.5713
1.7100e-
003
0.2254
9.3000e-
004
0.2263
0.0599
8.6000e-
004
0.0608
0.0000
164.0524
164.0524
4.0500e-
003
4.3000e-
003
165.4357
Total
0.0825
0.4873
0.6983
3.6000e-
003
0.2918
3.8000e-
003
0.2956
0.0791
3.6100e-
003
0.0827
0.0000
345.6645
345.6645
4.8400e-
003
0.0315
355.1629
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off-Road
0.1477
1.3467
1.7371
2.9100e-
003
0.0570
0.0570
0.0536
0.0536
0.0000
250.4727
250.4727
0.0589
0.0000
251.9447
Total
0.1477
1.3467
1.7371
2.9100e-
003
0.0570
0.0570
0.0536
0.0536
0.0000
250.4727
250.4727
0.0589
0.0000
251.9447
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1289
3.4 Building Construction - 2027
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0103
0.4441
0.1270
1.8900e-
003
0.0664
2.8700e-
003
0.0693
0.0192
2.7500e-
003
0.0219
0.0000
181.6121
181.6121
7.9000e-
004
0.0272
189.7271
Worker
0.0721
0.0432
0.5713
1.7100e-
003
0.2254
9.3000e-
004
0.2263
0.0599
8.6000e-
004
0.0608
0.0000
164.0524
164.0524
4.0500e-
003
4.3000e-
003
165.4357
Total
0.0825
0.4873
0.6983
3.6000e-
003
0.2918
3.8000e-
003
0.2956
0.0791
3.6100e-
003
0.0827
0.0000
345.6645
345.6645
4.8400e-
003
0.0315
355.1629
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.5 Paving - 2027
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off-Road
0.0206
0.1931
0.3280
5.1000e-
004
9.4200e-
003
9.4200e-
003
8.6600e-
003
8.6600e-
003
0.0000
45.0433
45.0433
0.0146
0.0000
45.4075
Paving
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Total
0.0206
0.1931
0.3280
5.1000e-
004
9.4200e-
003
9.4200e-
003
8.6600e-
003
8.6600e-
003
0.0000
45.0433
45.0433
0.0146
0.0000
45.4075
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1290
3.5 Paving - 2027
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Worker
8.6000e-
004
5.2000e-
004
6.8100e-
003
2.0000e-
005
2.6900e-
003
1.0000e-
005
2.7000e-
003
7.1000e-
004
1.0000e-
005
7.2000e-
004
0.0000
1.9567
1.9567
5.0000e-
005
5.0000e-
005
1.9732
Total
8.6000e-
004
5.2000e-
004
6.8100e-
003
2.0000e-
005
2.6900e-
003
1.0000e-
005
2.7000e-
003
7.1000e-
004
1.0000e-
005
7.2000e-
004
0.0000
1.9567
1.9567
5.0000e-
005
5.0000e-
005
1.9732
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off-Road
0.0206
0.1931
0.3280
5.1000e-
004
9.4200e-
003
9.4200e-
003
8.6600e-
003
8.6600e-
003
0.0000
45.0433
45.0433
0.0146
0.0000
45.4075
Paving
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Total
0.0206
0.1931
0.3280
5.1000e-
004
9.4200e-
003
9.4200e-
003
8.6600e-
003
8.6600e-
003
0.0000
45.0433
45.0433
0.0146
0.0000
45.4075
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1291
3.5 Paving - 2027
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Worker
8.6000e-
004
5.2000e-
004
6.8100e-
003
2.0000e-
005
2.6900e-
003
1.0000e-
005
2.7000e-
003
7.1000e-
004
1.0000e-
005
7.2000e-
004
0.0000
1.9567
1.9567
5.0000e-
005
5.0000e-
005
1.9732
Total
8.6000e-
004
5.2000e-
004
6.8100e-
003
2.0000e-
005
2.6900e-
003
1.0000e-
005
2.7000e-
003
7.1000e-
004
1.0000e-
005
7.2000e-
004
0.0000
1.9567
1.9567
5.0000e-
005
5.0000e-
005
1.9732
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.5 Paving - 2028
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off-Road
0.0137
0.1287
0.2187
3.4000e-
004
6.2800e-
003
6.2800e-
003
5.7800e-
003
5.7800e-
003
0.0000
30.0289
30.0289
9.7100e-
003
0.0000
30.2717
Paving
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Total
0.0137
0.1287
0.2187
3.4000e-
004
6.2800e-
003
6.2800e-
003
5.7800e-
003
5.7800e-
003
0.0000
30.0289
30.0289
9.7100e-
003
0.0000
30.2717
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1292
3.5 Paving - 2028
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Worker
5.3000e-
004
3.1000e-
004
4.2800e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.7900e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.8000e-
003
4.8000e-
004
1.0000e-
005
4.8000e-
004
0.0000
1.2781
1.2781
3.0000e-
005
3.0000e-
005
1.2884
Total
5.3000e-
004
3.1000e-
004
4.2800e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.7900e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.8000e-
003
4.8000e-
004
1.0000e-
005
4.8000e-
004
0.0000
1.2781
1.2781
3.0000e-
005
3.0000e-
005
1.2884
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off-Road
0.0137
0.1287
0.2187
3.4000e-
004
6.2800e-
003
6.2800e-
003
5.7800e-
003
5.7800e-
003
0.0000
30.0289
30.0289
9.7100e-
003
0.0000
30.2717
Paving
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Total
0.0137
0.1287
0.2187
3.4000e-
004
6.2800e-
003
6.2800e-
003
5.7800e-
003
5.7800e-
003
0.0000
30.0289
30.0289
9.7100e-
003
0.0000
30.2717
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1293
3.5 Paving - 2028
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Worker
5.3000e-
004
3.1000e-
004
4.2800e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.7900e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.8000e-
003
4.8000e-
004
1.0000e-
005
4.8000e-
004
0.0000
1.2781
1.2781
3.0000e-
005
3.0000e-
005
1.2884
Total
5.3000e-
004
3.1000e-
004
4.2800e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.7900e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.8000e-
003
4.8000e-
004
1.0000e-
005
4.8000e-
004
0.0000
1.2781
1.2781
3.0000e-
005
3.0000e-
005
1.2884
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.6 Architectural Coating - 2028
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Archit. Coating
1.5374
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Off-Road
6.4100e-
003
0.0430
0.0678
1.1000e-
004
1.9300e-
003
1.9300e-
003
1.9300e-
003
1.9300e-
003
0.0000
9.5747
9.5747
5.2000e-
004
0.0000
9.5878
Total
1.5438
0.0430
0.0678
1.1000e-
004
1.9300e-
003
1.9300e-
003
1.9300e-
003
1.9300e-
003
0.0000
9.5747
9.5747
5.2000e-
004
0.0000
9.5878
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1294
3.6 Architectural Coating - 2028
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Worker
4.6300e-
003
2.7000e-
003
0.0371
1.1000e-
004
0.0155
6.0000e-
005
0.0156
4.1300e-
003
6.0000e-
005
4.1800e-
003
0.0000
11.0765
11.0765
2.5000e-
004
2.8000e-
004
11.1665
Total
4.6300e-
003
2.7000e-
003
0.0371
1.1000e-
004
0.0155
6.0000e-
005
0.0156
4.1300e-
003
6.0000e-
005
4.1800e-
003
0.0000
11.0765
11.0765
2.5000e-
004
2.8000e-
004
11.1665
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Archit. Coating
1.5374
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Off-Road
6.4100e-
003
0.0430
0.0678
1.1000e-
004
1.9300e-
003
1.9300e-
003
1.9300e-
003
1.9300e-
003
0.0000
9.5747
9.5747
5.2000e-
004
0.0000
9.5878
Total
1.5438
0.0430
0.0678
1.1000e-
004
1.9300e-
003
1.9300e-
003
1.9300e-
003
1.9300e-
003
0.0000
9.5747
9.5747
5.2000e-
004
0.0000
9.5878
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1295
3.6 Architectural Coating - 2028
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Vendor
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Worker
4.6300e-
003
2.7000e-
003
0.0371
1.1000e-
004
0.0155
6.0000e-
005
0.0156
4.1300e-
003
6.0000e-
005
4.1800e-
003
0.0000
11.0765
11.0765
2.5000e-
004
2.8000e-
004
11.1665
Total
4.6300e-
003
2.7000e-
003
0.0371
1.1000e-
004
0.0155
6.0000e-
005
0.0156
4.1300e-
003
6.0000e-
005
4.1800e-
003
0.0000
11.0765
11.0765
2.5000e-
004
2.8000e-
004
11.1665
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile
4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile
Improve Pedestrian Network
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1296
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Mitigated
0.8558
1.5232
9.3584
0.0247
2.6192
0.0188
2.6380
0.6984
0.0175
0.7159
0.0000
2,337.380
9 2,337.380
9 0.1346
0.1178
2,375.858
4 Unmitigated
0.8589
1.5455
9.4988
0.0252
2.6727
0.0191
2.6918
0.7127
0.0178
0.7305
0.0000
2,383.479
8 2,383.479
8 0.1363
0.1197
2,422.541
0 4.2 Trip Summary Information
4.3 Trip Type Information
Average Daily Trip Rate
Unmitigated
Mitigated
Land Use
Weekday
Saturday
Sunday
Annual VMT
Annual VMT
City Park
6.99 17.56
19.62 21,998
21,558
Single Family Housing
2,577.12
2,604.42
2334.15
7,177,371
7,033,823
Total
2,584.11
2,621.98
2,353.77
7,199,368
7,055,381
Miles
Trip %
Trip Purpose %
Land Use
H-W or C-W
H-S or C-C
H-O or C-NW
H-W or C-W
H-S or C-C
H-O or C-NW
Primary
Diverted
Pass-by
City Park
9.50 7.30
7.30 33.00
48.00 19.00
66 28
6 Single Family Housing
10.80 7.30
7.50 38.40
22.60 39.00
86 11
3 4.4 Fleet Mix
Land Use
LDA
LDT1
LDT2
MDV
LHD1
LHD2
MHD
HHD
OBUS
UBUS
MCY
SBUS
MH
City Park
0.509869
0.051139
0.167106
0.174849
0.031609
0.007996
0.012006
0.015707
0.000636
0.000471
0.023554
0.001465
0.003592
Single Family Housing
0.527700
0.209000
0.167500
0.055600
0.000900
0.000900
0.008000
0.021400
0.000000
0.004300
0.002500
0.000200
0.002000
5.0 Energy Detail
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1297
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Electricity
Mitigated
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
386.0619
386.0619
0.0326
3.9500e-
003
388.0536
Electricity
Unmitigated
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
386.0619
386.0619
0.0326
3.9500e-
003
388.0536
NaturalGas
Mitigated
0.0354
0.3024
0.1287
1.9300e-
003
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0000
350.1867
350.1867
6.7100e-
003
6.4200e-
003
352.2677
NaturalGas
Unmitigated
0.0354
0.3024
0.1287
1.9300e-
003
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0000
350.1867
350.1867
6.7100e-
003
6.4200e-
003
352.2677
5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy
Historical Energy Use: N
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1298
5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Land Use
kBTU/yr
tons/yr
MT/yr
City Park
0 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Single Family
Housing
6.56225e
+006
0.0354
0.3024
0.1287
1.9300e-
003
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0000
350.1867
350.1867
6.7100e-
003
6.4200e-
003
352.2677
Total
0.0354
0.3024
0.1287
1.9300e-
003
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0000
350.1867
350.1867
6.7100e-
003
6.4200e-
003
352.2677
Unmitigated
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Land Use
kBTU/yr
tons/yr
MT/yr
City Park
0 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Single Family
Housing
6.56225e
+006
0.0354
0.3024
0.1287
1.9300e-
003
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0000
350.1867
350.1867
6.7100e-
003
6.4200e-
003
352.2677
Total
0.0354
0.3024
0.1287
1.9300e-
003
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0245
0.0000
350.1867
350.1867
6.7100e-
003
6.4200e-
003
352.2677
Mitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1299
6.0 Area Detail
5.3 Energy by Land Use - Electricity
Electricity
Use
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Land Use
kWh/yr
MT/yr
City Park
0 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Single Family
Housing
2.17689e
+006
386.0619
0.0326
3.9500e-
003
388.0536
Total
386.0619
0.0326
3.9500e-
003
388.0536
Unmitigated
Electricity
Use
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Land Use
kWh/yr
MT/yr
City Park
0 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Single Family
Housing
2.17689e
+006
386.0619
0.0326
3.9500e-
003
388.0536
Total
386.0619
0.0326
3.9500e-
003
388.0536
Mitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1300
Use Low VOC Paint - Residential Interior
Use Low VOC Paint - Residential Exterior
6.1 Mitigation Measures Area
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Mitigated
2.1495
0.1255
2.0697
7.6000e-
004
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0000
121.5769
121.5769
5.4400e-
003
2.1700e-
003
122.3592
Unmitigated
2.1495
0.1255
2.0697
7.6000e-
004
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0000
121.5769
121.5769
5.4400e-
003
2.1700e-
003
122.3592
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1301
6.2 Area by SubCategory
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
SubCategory
tons/yr
MT/yr
Architectural
Coating
0.1537
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Consumer
Products
1.9228
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Hearth
0.0120
0.1021
0.0435
6.5000e-
004
8.2600e-
003
8.2600e-
003
8.2600e-
003
8.2600e-
003
0.0000
118.2656
118.2656
2.2700e-
003
2.1700e-
003
118.9684
Landscaping
0.0609
0.0234
2.0263
1.1000e-
004
0.0112
0.0112
0.0112
0.0112
0.0000
3.3113
3.3113
3.1800e-
003
0.0000
3.3908
Total
2.1495
0.1255
2.0698
7.6000e-
004
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0000
121.5769
121.5769
5.4500e-
003
2.1700e-
003
122.3592
Unmitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1302
7.1 Mitigation Measures Water
7.0 Water Detail
6.2 Area by SubCategory
ROG
NOx
CO
SO2
Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
SubCategory
tons/yr
MT/yr
Architectural
Coating
0.1537
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Consumer
Products
1.9228
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Hearth
0.0120
0.1021
0.0435
6.5000e-
004
8.2600e-
003
8.2600e-
003
8.2600e-
003
8.2600e-
003
0.0000
118.2656
118.2656
2.2700e-
003
2.1700e-
003
118.9684
Landscaping
0.0609
0.0234
2.0263
1.1000e-
004
0.0112
0.0112
0.0112
0.0112
0.0000
3.3113
3.3113
3.1800e-
003
0.0000
3.3908
Total
2.1495
0.1255
2.0698
7.6000e-
004
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0000
121.5769
121.5769
5.4500e-
003
2.1700e-
003
122.3592
Mitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1303
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Category
MT/yr
Mitigated
36.2986
0.5822
0.0140
55.0248
Unmitigated
36.2986
0.5822
0.0140
55.0248
7.2 Water by Land Use
Indoor/Out
door Use
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Land Use
Mgal
MT/yr
City Park
0 /
10.6757
6.6265
5.6000e-
004
7.0000e-
005
6.6607
Single Family
Housing
17.787 /
11.2136
29.6721
0.5816
0.0139
48.3641
Total
36.2986
0.5822
0.0140
55.0248
Unmitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1304
7.2 Water by Land Use
Indoor/Out
door Use
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Land Use
Mgal
MT/yr
City Park
0 /
10.6757
6.6265
5.6000e-
004
7.0000e-
005
6.6607
Single Family
Housing
17.787 /
11.2136
29.6721
0.5816
0.0139
48.3641
Total
36.2986
0.5822
0.0140
55.0248
Mitigated
8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste
8.0 Waste Detail
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
MT/yr
Mitigated
57.2292
3.3822
0.0000
141.7830
Unmitigated
57.2292
3.3822
0.0000
141.7830
Category/Year
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM
Pearl Woods - Tulare County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1305
8.2 Waste by Land Use
Waste
Disposed
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Land Use
tons
MT/yr
City Park
0.77 0.1563
9.2400e-
003
0.0000
0.3872
Single Family
Housing
281.16
57.0729
3.3729
0.0000
141.3958
Total
57.2292
3.3822
0.0000
141.7830
Unmitigated
Waste
Disposed
Total CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2e
Land Use
tons
MT/yr
City Park
0.77 0.1563
9.2400e-
003
0.0000
0.3872
Single Family
Housing
281.16
57.0729
3.3729
0.0000
141.3958
Total
57.2292
3.3822
0.0000
141.7830
Mitigated
9.0 Operational Offroad
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0
Date: 5/6/2022 5:02 PM