Visalia City Council
September 5, 2023

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Table 6-1. Groundwater Volume Pumped (DWR Table 6-1)
Supplier does not pump groundwater.

The supplier will not complete the table below.

All or part of the groundwater described below is desalinated.

Groundwater
Type
Location or Basin
Name 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Alluvial Basin Kaweah Subbasin 25,802 27,856 29,218 28,900 30,131 Alluvial Basin Tule Subbasin 41 26 25 19 21
TOTAL 25,843 27,882 29,243 28,919 30,152
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
(b) It should be noted that the Kaweah and Tule Subbasins are not adjudicated, and the projected groundwater supply volumes are not intended to and do not determine, limit or represent Cal Water’s water rights or maximum pumping volumes. Any determination of Cal Water’s water rights, as an overlying owner, appropriator, municipal water purveyor or otherwise, is beyond the scope of this report and the UWMP statutes and regulations.

Surface Water
Cal Water does not impound or divert surface water as a means to meet demands in the Visalia District, however, the District has explored the possibilities of surface water recharge and conjunctive use programs.

Stormwater
While Cal Water has no current plans to capture stormwater for beneficial use in the Visalia District, the City of Visalia has made improvements and upgrades to its infrastructure to capture and recharge stormwater to the groundwater basin.

Wastewater and Recycled Water
The recycling of wastewater offers several benefits to Cal Water and its customers. Perhaps the greatest of these benefits is to help maintain a sustainable groundwater supply either through  CWC § 10633
The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier. The preparation of the plan shall be coordinated with local water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies that operate within the supplier’s service area.

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direct recharge, or by reducing potable supply needs by utilizing recycled water for appropriate uses (e.g., landscape irrigation) now being served by potable water. In 2018, through its Water Conservation Plant Upgrade Project, the City of Visalia began producing Title 22 Recycled Water for delivery to the TID in exchange for surface water used to recharge the City’s groundwater.

However, this supply source is not used directly by District customers and is not quantified as a District supply source in the tables included in this chapter.

Recycled Water Coordination
The Visalia District relies on and coordinates with the City of Visalia for wastewater treatment.

Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal
The City of Visalia operates and maintains the sewer system and provides wastewater treatment service for the Visalia District. Table 6-2 includes an estimate of the volume of wastewater collected from Visalia District customers in 2020. The estimate is calculated by annualizing 90 percent of January water use in the service area. As shown in Table 6-3, no wastewater is treated or disposed of within the District.

The City’s sewer system consists of gravity sewers, pumping stations, and force mains to collect wastewater from residential, commercial, and industrial customers. The collected wastewater is discharged to trunk sewers and interceptors and conveyed to the City of Visalia Water Conservation Plant (WCP), which is not within the Visalia District boundaries. In 2017, the City of Visalia completed an upgrade project at the WCP which included replacement of the secondary and tertiary treatment processes with a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system and ultra-violet light (UV) disinfection system, among other upgrades. The WCP has a capacity to treat 22 million gallons per day (MGD).

Currently, no wastewater is recycled for direct reuse within the Visalia District service area. The cost of implementation of a recycled water system for direct potable reuse in the District is not planned at this time and will likely only be considered if conditions related to District supply change significantly in the future.
 CWC § 10633 (a)
A description of the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the supplier’s service area, including a quantification of the amount of wastewater collected and treated and the methods of wastewater disposal.  CWC § 10633 (b)
A description of the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is otherwise available for use in a recycled water project.

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Table 6-2. Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2020 (DWR Table 6-2) There is no wastewater collection system. The supplier will not complete the table below.

Percentage of 2020 service area covered by wastewater collection system (optional) Percentage of 2020 service area population covered by wastewater collection system (optional) Wastewater Collection Recipient of Collected Wastewater Name of Wastewater
Collection Agency
Wastewater
Volume
Metered or
Estimated?
Volume of
Wastewater
Collected from
UWMP Service
Area 2020
Name of Wastewater
Treatment Agency
Receiving Collected
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
Name
Is WWTP
Located
Within
UWMP Area?
Is WWTP
Operation
Contracted to
a Third Party?
(optional)
City of Visalia Estimated 14,635 City of Visalia
Visalia Water
Conservation
Plant
No
Total Wastewater Collected from
Service Area in 2020: 14,635
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
(b) The volume of wastewater collected from the Visalia District service area in 2020 is estimated by annualizing 90 percent of January water use in the District.

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Table 6-3. Wastewater and Discharge Within Service Area in 2020 (DWR Table 6-3) X No wastewater is treated or disposed of within the UWMP service area. The supplier will not complete the table below.

Wastewater
Treatment
Plant Name
Discharge
Location
Name or
Identifier
Discharge
Location
Description
Wastewater
Discharge ID
Number
(optional)
Method
of
Disposal
Does This
Plant Treat
Wastewater
Generated
Outside the
Service
Area?
Treatment
Level
2020 volumes
Wastewater
Treated
Discharged
Treated
Wastewater
Recycled
Within
Service
Area
Recycled
Outside
of
Service
Area
Instream
Flow Permit
Requirement
Total
NOTES:

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Recycled Water System and Recycled Water Beneficial Uses As shown in Table 6-4 and Table 6-5, the Visalia District does not have any current or projected beneficial use of recycled water.
 CWC § 10633 (c-g)
(c) A description of the recycled water currently being used in the supplier’s service area, including, but not limited to, the type, place, and quantity of use.
(d) A description and quantification of the potential uses of recycled water, including, but not limited to, agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, wildlife habitat enhancement, wetlands, industrial reuse, groundwater recharge, indirect potable reuse, and other appropriate uses, and a determination with regard to the technical and economic feasibility of serving those uses. (e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years and a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision.
(f) A description of actions, including financial incentives, which may be taken to encourage the use of recycled water, and the projected results of these actions in terms of acre-feet of recycled water used per year. (g) A plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the supplier’s service area, including actions to facilitate the installation of dual distribution systems, to promote recirculating uses, to facilitate the increased use of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, and to overcome any obstacles to achieving that increased use.

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Table 6-4. Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area (DWR Table 6-4) X Recycled water is not used and is not planned for use within the service area of the supplier.

The supplier will not complete the table below.

Name of Supplier Producing (Treating) the Recycled
Water:

Name of Supplier Operating the Recycled Water
Distribution System:

Supplemental Water Added in 2020 (volume)
Source of 2020 Supplemental Water
Beneficial Use Type
Potential Beneficial
Uses of Recycled
Water (Describe)
Amount of Potential
Uses of Recycled
Water (Quantity)
General
Description of
2020 Uses
Level of
Treatment 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Total:
2020 Internal Reuse
NOTES:

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Table 6-5. 2015 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2020 Actual (DWR Table 6-5)
X Recycled water was not used in 2015 nor projected for use in 2020. The supplier will not complete the table below.

Beneficial Use Type 2015 Projection for 2020 2020 Actual Use Total
NOTES:

Actions to Encourage and Optimize Future Recycled Water Use At this time, as shown in Table 6-6, Cal Water does not have plans to initiate/expand the use of recycled water within the Visalia District. Cal Water’s supply portfolio in some districts already includes recycled water; elsewhere, Cal Water is participating in studies of the possibility of adding this supply source. Cal Water is eager to expand its portfolio to provide recycled water to its customers wherever feasible, and to form partnerships with other agencies and jurisdictions to accomplish this. However, any such project must be economically feasible and approval of such an investment by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) is contingent on a demonstration that it is beneficial to ratepayers.

Table 6-6. Methods to Expand Future Recycled Water Use (DWR Table 6-6) X Supplier does not plan to expand recycled water use in the future. Supplier will not complete the table below but will provide narrative explanation.

Section 6.5.4 Provide page location of narrative in UWMP Name of Action Description
Planned
Implementation
Year
Expected Increase in
Recycled Water Use

Total
NOTES:

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Desalinated Water Opportunities
The Visalia District is located in the eastern Central Valley, many miles from the nearest source of saline water. As such, there are no opportunities for the development of desalinated water in the District.

Water Exchanges and Transfers
Cal Water does not hold any surface water rights in the Visalia District that could be transferred to other agencies and is not pursuing water transfers or exchanges at this time.

Exchanges
Cal Water is not pursuing water exchanges involving the Visalia District and other entities at this time.

Transfers
Cal Water is not pursuing water transfers involving the Visalia District and other entities at this time. During the recent drought, the Visalia District wheeled water through its distribution system to a neighboring agency; however, this water was not considered a transfer of District supply.

Emergency Interties
Cal Water does not have any interties, emergency or otherwise, with any other agencies.  CWC § 10631 (g) A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter and shall do all of the following:

Describe the opportunities for development of desalinated water, including, but not limited to, ocean water, brackish water, and groundwater, as a long-term supply.  CWC § 10631 (c) A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter and shall do all of the following:

Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short-term or long-term basis.

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Future Water Projects
Groundwater will likely continue to be the only supply source for the Visalia District over the planning horizon (i.e., through 2045) and Cal Water will maintain sufficient wells and distribution facilities to meet the anticipated increases in future demand as needed. Cal Water has worked collaboratively with the City of Visalia to develop and plan groundwater recharge programs and will continue to work with the City to support their implementation and to consider potential expansions. Cal Water continually investigates opportunities outside the City of Visalia to participate in conjunctive use programs or otherwise expand supplies available to the District.

However, as shown in Table 6-7, there are no planned future water supply projects or programs that are expected to provide a quantifiable increase to the District’s water supply.

Table 6-7. Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs (DWR Table 6-7) X No expected future water supply projects or programs that provide a quantifiable increase to the agency's water supply. Supplier will not complete the table below.

Some or all of the supplier's future water supply projects or programs are not compatible with this table and are described in a narrative format.

Provide page location of narrative in the UWMP
Name of Future
Projects or
Programs
Joint Project with other
suppliers? Description
(if needed)
Planned
Implementation
Year
Planned for
Use in Year
Type
Expected Increase
in Water Supply
Y/N to Supplier If Yes, Supplier Name
NOTES:
 CWC § 10631 A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter and shall do all of the following:
(b) (3) For any planned sources of water supply, a description of the measures that are being undertaken to acquire and develop those water supplies.
(f) Include a description of all water supply projects and water supply programs that may be undertaken by the urban water supplier to meet the total projected water use, as established pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10635. The urban water supplier shall include a detailed description of expected future projects and programs that the urban water supplier may implement to increase the amount of the water supply available to the urban water supplier in normal and single-dry water years and for a period of drought lasting five consecutive water years. The description shall identify specific projects and include a description of the increase in water supply that is expected to be available from each project. The description shall include an estimate with regard to the implementation timeline for each project or program.

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Summary of Existing and Planned Sources of Water
Table 6-8 summarizes the actual volumes of purchased water and groundwater production for calendar year 2020, as applicable. As discussed above, groundwater will be used to serve all projected demand within the Visalia District through 2045. Therefore, the groundwater supply amounts shown in Table 6-9 equal the projected demand in each year (see Section 7.1.1). It should be noted that the Kaweah and Tule Subbasins are not adjudicated, and the projected groundwater supply volumes are not intended to and do not determine, limit or represent Cal Water’s water rights or maximum pumping volumes. Any determination of Cal Water’s water rights, as an overlying owner, appropriator, municipal water purveyor or otherwise, is beyond the scope of this report and the UWMP statutes and regulations.  CWC § 10631 (b) Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a).  CWC § 10631 (b) (2) When multiple sources of water supply are identified, a description of the management of each supply in correlation with the other identified supplies.  CWC § 10631 (b) (4) (D) A detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped by the urban water supplier. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records.

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Table 6-8. Water Supplies – Actual (DWR Table 6-8)
Water Supply Additional Detail on
Water Supply
2020
Actual Volume Water Quality Total Right or Safe
Yield (optional)
Groundwater (not
desalinated) Kaweah Subbasin 30,131 Drinking Water
Groundwater (not
desalinated) Tule Subbasin 21 Drinking Water
Total 30,152
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
(b) It should be noted that the Kaweah and Tule Subbasins are not adjudicated, and the projected groundwater supply volumes are not intended to and do not determine, limit or represent Cal Water’s water rights or maximum pumping volumes. Any determination of Cal Water’s water rights, as an overlying owner, appropriator, municipal water purveyor or otherwise, is beyond the scope of this report and the UWMP statutes and regulations.

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Table 6-9. Water Supplies – Projected (DWR Table 6-9)
Water Supply Additional Detail on
Water Supply
Projected Water Supply
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Total Right
or Safe Yield
(optional)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Total Right
or Safe Yield
(optional)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Total Right
or Safe Yield
(optional)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Total Right
or Safe Yield
(optional)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Total Right
or Safe Yield
(optional)
Groundwater
(not
desalinated)
32,520 35,276 38,310 41,258 44,529
Total 32,520 35,276 38,310 41,258 44,529
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
(b) It should be noted that the Kaweah and Tule Subbasins are not adjudicated, and the projected groundwater supply volumes are not intended to and do not determine, limit or represent Cal Water’s water rights or maximum pumping volumes. Any determination of Cal Water’s water rights, as an overlying owner, appropriator, municipal water purveyor or otherwise, is beyond the scope of this report and the UWMP statutes and regulations.

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Special Conditions
Climate Change Effects
Cal Water is committed to incorporating climate change into its ongoing water supply planning.

Section 4.3 of this Plan includes a description of plausible changes to projected demands under climate change conditions, and Cal Water is currently working to consider the effects of climate change in future demand modeling. The impact of climate change on District supplies is addressed in detail in the key resources described below, which are incorporated into this Plan by reference:
• Cal Water is currently in the process of developing a multi-phase climate change study.

Phase 1, which primarily consisted of a literature and tools review of previous and complementary studies, was completed in December 2020. 44 Phase 2 will include Districtlevel vulnerability assessments of Cal Water’s facilities and operations, including developing an assessment approach that evaluates climate impacts to Cal Water, identifies asset vulnerabilities, and prioritizes climate risks. Phase 3 will focus on an assessment of climate-driven impacts to water supply resources and demand. Phase 2 is expected to be completed by December 2021. The executive summary of Phase 1 of this study is included in this Plan in Appendix F.
• In 2016, Cal Water completed a study of climate change impacts on a representative subset of its districts to gain a better understanding of the potential impacts of climate change on the availability of its diverse supplies. 45 The 2016 study relied on the best available projections of changes in climate (temperature and precipitation) through the end of the century to examine how surface water flows and groundwater recharge rates may change. The executive summary of this study is included in this Plan in Appendix F. • SGMA dictates that GSPs include basin-wide water budget models under various climate change scenarios, including future conditions which account for the effects of estimated climate change. The final Mid Kaweah GSA, Greater Kaweah GSA, and ETGSA GSPs are available on the DWR website:
https://sgma.water.ca.gov/portal/gsp/all
44 ICF, 2020. California Water Service Climate Change – Water Resource Monitoring and Adaptation Plan – Phase 1, prepared by ICF, dated December, 17, 2020.
45 California Water Service Company, 2016. Potential Climate Change Impacts on the Water Supplies of California Water Service, prepared by Gary Fiske and Associates, Inc. and Balance Hydrologics, Inc., dated January 2016.

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Regulatory Conditions and Project Development
Emerging regulatory conditions (e.g., issues surrounding the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Francisco/Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary [Bay-Delta Plan]) may affect planned future projects and the characterization of future water supply availability and analysis. The District does not have any current plans to develop additional supply sources. If the District does move forward with any plans to develop supply projects, emerging regulatory conditions will be considered, and the associated water supply reliability impacts will be assessed in future UWMP updates.

Other Locally Applicable Criteria
Other locally applicable criteria may affect characterization and availability of an identified water supply (e.g., changes in regional water transfer rules may alter the availability of a water supply that had historically been readily available). The District does not have any current plans to develop additional supply sources. If the District does move forward with any plans to develop supply projects, locally applicable criteria will be considered, and the associated water supply reliability impacts will be assessed in future UWMP updates.

Under SGMA, GSAs have the authority to implement projects and management actions that help basins reach their sustainability goal, including such actions as setting allocations for groundwater pumping, prohibiting development of new groundwater wells, or implementing fees for pumping volumes. As described in Section 6.2, the GSAs within the Kaweah and Tule Subbasins are in the process of developing accounting and allocation programs, which could impact future Visalia District supplies. As such actions are implemented, Cal Water will consider them as a part of its future supply planning efforts.

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6.11 Energy Intensity
The “Total Utility Approach” as defined by DWR in the UWMP Guidebook 2020 is used to report water-related energy-consumption data for the Visalia District. Calendar year 2019 is selected as the one-year reporting period, and utility bills for the associated time period are used as the source for energy consumption data. Utility bills reported the following energy consumption data for the Visalia District during calendar year 2019:

𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝑏𝑏 ℎ 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑉𝑉 𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷 = 13,704,612 𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘 ℎ (𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘ℎ) Table 6-10 shows the energy consumed for each acre-foot (AF) of water entering the distribution system in the Visalia District, including energy associated with the pumping, treatment, conveyance, and distribution of drinking water, but not including energy associated with the treatment of wastewater. Based on this, the energy intensity is estimated to be approximately 474 kilowatt hours per acre-foot (kWh/AF).
 CWC § 10631.2
(a) In addition to the requirements of Section 10631, an urban water management plan shall include any of the following information that the urban water supplier can readily obtain:
(1) An estimate of the amount of energy used to extract or divert water supplies. (2) An estimate of the amount of energy used to convey water supplies to the water treatment plants or distribution systems.
(3) An estimate of the amount of energy used to treat water supplies. (4) An estimate of the amount of energy used to distribute water supplies through its distribution systems. (5) An estimate of the amount of energy used for treated water supplies in comparison to the amount used for nontreated water supplies.
(6) An estimate of the amount of energy used to place water into or withdraw from storage. (7) Any other energy-related information the urban water supplier deems appropriate. (b) The department shall include in its guidance for the preparation of urban water management plans a methodology for the voluntary calculation or estimation of the energy intensity of urban water systems. The department may consider studies and calculations conducted by the Public Utilities Commission in developing the methodology.
(c) The Legislature finds and declares that energy use is only one factor in water supply planning and shall not be considered independently of other factors.

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Table 6-10. Recommended Energy Intensity – Total Utility Approach (DWR Table O-1B) Urban Water Supplier: Visalia District
Water Delivery Product
Retail Potable Deliveries
Enter Start Date for Reporting Period 1/1/2019 Urban Water Supplier Operational Control End Date 12/31/2019 Is upstream embedded in the values
reported?
Sum of All Water
Management
Processes
Non-Consequential
Hydropower
Water Volume Units Used AF Total Utility Hydropower Net Utility Volume of Water Entering Process (volume unit) 28,919 0 28,919 Energy Consumed (kWh) 13,704,612 0 13,704,612
Energy Intensity (kWh/volume) 474 0.0 474
Quantity of Self-Generated Renewable Energy
N/A kWh
Data Quality
Metered Data
Data Quality Narrative:

Utility bills for the associated time period are used as the source for energy consumption data.

Narrative:

Total energy consumption represents the energy consumed during pumping, treatment, conveyance, and distribution.

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Chapter 7
Water Supply Reliability Assessment
This chapter describes the reliability of the Visalia District’s (also referred to herein as the “District”) water supplies. Assessment of water supply reliability is complex and dependent upon a number of factors, such as the number of water sources, regulatory and legal constraints, hydrological and environmental conditions, climate change, and expected growth, among others.

Based on available historical information and projections of future water uses, regulatory and legal constraints, and hydrological and environmental conditions, including climate change, California Water Service Company (Cal Water) has made its best determination of future water supply reliability of for the Visalia District. This chapter includes the following sections:

7.1 Constraints on Water Sources

7.2 Reliability by Type of Year

7.3 Supply and Demand Assessment

7.4 Water Supply Management Tools and Options

7.4 Water Supply Management Tools and Options

7.5 Drought Risk Assessment

7.1 Constraints on Water Sources
Groundwater is the sole supply for the Visalia District. Cal Water has identified several potential constraints on future groundwater supply availability, water quality, and climate change. These constraints, along with associated management strategies are summarized in the following sections.
 CWC § 10620 (f)
An urban water supplier shall describe in the plan water management tools and options used by that entity that will maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions.  CWC § 10630.5
Each plan shall include a simple lay description of how much water the agency has on a reliable basis, how much it needs for the foreseeable future, what the agency’s strategy is for meeting its water needs, the challenges facing the agency, and any other information necessary to provide a general understanding of the agency’s plan.

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7.1.1 Supply Availability
As discussed in Chapter 6, Cal Water expects that, under all hydrologic conditions, its groundwater supply for the Visalia District will fully meet future demands. This assessment is based on the available information regarding groundwater supply availability to the Visalia District and the additional information presented below.

Historically, the groundwater supplies available to the Visalia District from the underlying Kaweah and Tule Subbasins have always been sufficient to meet District demands. Due to successful conservation efforts and response to the historic drought spanning water years 2012-2015, water demand (and thus District groundwater pumping volumes) were significantly lower from 2014 through 2019 (i.e., averaging 27,736 acre-feet per year [AFY]) than they had been in the previous ten years (i.e., averaging 32,502 AFY).

It is also important to note that the majority of groundwater pumping in the Kaweah Subbasin is for agricultural use. From a regional and basin-wide standpoint, Visalia District pumping is only a small fraction of total groundwater pumping. Based on the Kaweah Subbasin water budget information presented in the Mid-Kaweah Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP), average annual groundwater pumping from 1981 through 2017 totaled approximately 754,415 AFY, including approximately 685,375 AFY for irrigated agriculture and 69,040 AFY for Municipal & Industrial (M&I) use. 46 These data show that M&I pumping accounted for approximately 9 percent of total pumping in the Kaweah Subbasin, and Visalia District pumping in the Visalia and Tulco Public Water Systems (PWSs) accounts for only a portion of the total M&I pumping.

Similarly, the majority of groundwater pumping in the Tule Subbasin is for agricultural use. Based on the Tule Subbasin water budget information presented in the Eastern Tule GSP, average annual groundwater pumping from water year 1986/87 through water year 2016/17 totaled approximately 712,200 AFY, including approximately 664,000 AFY for irrigated agriculture, 28,200 AFY for exports, 600 AFY for groundwater banking extraction, and 19,400 AFY for M&I use. 47 These data show that M&I pumping accounted for approximately 3 percent of total pumping in the Tule Subbasin, and Visalia District pumping in the Mullen PWS accounts for only a very small portion of the total M&I pumping. It is therefore likely that management of agricultural groundwater use, rather than M&I use, will be a much larger determining factor in maintaining groundwater sustainability in both the Kaweah and Tule Subbasins in the future.

Cal Water holds certain water rights to groundwater it has pumped and used as an overlying owner and appropriator. Cal Water’s water rights have been dedicated to a public use, and Cal Water is required by the California Public Utilities Commission to provide water to all customers 46 Mid-Kaweah GSA, 2019. Mid-Kaweah GSA GSP – Appendix 1F, dated December 2019. 47 ETGSA, 2020. ETGSA GSP – Appendix 2G: Tule Subbasin Coordination Agreement, dated January 2020.

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within its designated service area under reasonable rules and regulations. Further, under California law municipal water rights and uses have a higher priority and are entitled to more protection than other uses of water, including in connection with the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). Use of water for domestic purposes is recognized as the “highest use” of water in the State of California pursuant to California Water Code (CWC) §106, and the rights of urban water purveyors should be protected to the fullest extent necessary for existing and future uses, pursuant to CWC §106.5.

SGMA was intended to preserve the security of water rights in the state to the greatest extent possible, and was not intended to determine, modify or alter any surface water or groundwater rights or priorities (CWC §10720.1(b), 10720.5(a) and (b)). SGMA should therefore not reduce, adversely impact or limit Cal Water’s present or future exercise of its domestic water rights or its obligation to serve its municipal customers, and Cal Water’s rights should be subject to less restrictions and limitations than any other types of water rights or uses.

Further, although a significant amount of growth is projected in the Visalia District over the planning horizon (i.e., the District is projecting that service area population will increase by more than 50 percent over the next 25 years), as discussed in Section 3.5, it is anticipated that some land currently used for agricultural production will be converted to residential and nonresidential urban uses to accommodate future growth. Irrigated agriculture typically uses more water on a per-acre basis than urban uses, thus, some future growth within the District will likely result in a net decrease in water use within the subbasins.

Additionally, Cal Water is actively pursuing a variety of supply reliability planning efforts to address potential future shortfalls in the Visalia District. Cal Water has proposed a Water Supply Reliability Study (Reliability Study) for Visalia to be completed in 2021. The Reliability Study will build on this UWMP, but will incorporate integrated resource planning methods, which are a more comprehensive form of resource planning process that will create, or utilize existing, statistical models to support scenario planning and the development of a portfolio of options for water reliability. Its ultimate objective is to establish long-term, least-cost goals that sustainably support each community's needs.

7.1.2 Water Quality
 CWC § 10634
The plan shall include information, to the extent practicable, relating to the quality of existing sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments as described in subdivision (a) of Section 10631, and the manner in which water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability.

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Impaired water quality also has the potential to affect water supply reliability. Cal Water has and will continue to meet all state and federal water quality regulations. All drinking water standards are set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) under the authorization of the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974. In California, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB), Division of Drinking Water (DDW) can either adopt the USEPA standards or set more stringent standards, which are then codified in Title 22 of the California Code of Regulations.

There are two general types of drinking water standards:
• Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) are health protective standards and are established using a very conservative risk-based approach for each constituent that takes into potential health effects, detectability and treatability, and costs of treatment. Public water systems may not serve water that exceeds Primary MCLs for any constituent. • Secondary MCLs are based on the aesthetic qualities of the water such as taste, odor, color, and certain mineral content, and are considered limits for constituents that may affect consumer acceptance of the water.

Cal Water routinely monitors its wells and the water that is treated and served to customers to ensure that water delivered to customers meets these drinking water standards. The results of this testing are reported to the SWRCB DDW following each test and are summarized annually in Water Quality Reports (also known as “Consumer Confidence Reports”), which are provided to customers by mail and made available on Cal Water’s website:
https://www.calwater.com/waterquality/water-quality-reports/. Additionally, a detailed review of the water quality conditions of the underlying Kaweah and Tule subbasins are provided in the Mid-Kaweah GSA GSP, Greater Kaweah GSA GSP, and the Eastern Tule GSA GSP, available on the DWR SGMA Portal website: https://sgma.water.ca.gov/portal/gsp/all.

Although there is the potential for some regulated constituents to be present in source water, as documented in the Water Quality Reports, the District’s monitoring, management, and treatment of its water results in high quality drinking water meeting all drinking water standards being served to customers. Cal Water tracks changes in constituent concentrations to proactively address water quality issues before they impact supply reliability. 48 In the event that water quality constituents are detected in source water at concentrations requiring treatment, the District is able to take impacted wells offline to implement appropriate treatment. Further, as part of the siting process for all new wells, Cal Water evaluates the presence of groundwater contamination and avoids placing wells in areas of known contamination. 48 Cal Water, 2018. Direct Testimony of Director of Water Quality, 2018 CPUC Rate Case Filing.

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Given Cal Water’s proactive monitoring and management of water quality in its source water supplies, water quality is not expected to impact the reliability of the District’s available supplies within the planning horizon (i.e., through 2045).

7.1.3 Climate Change
Section 6.10.1 provides a summary of the assessments of the applicable climate change on supplies that Cal Water has previously performed and those planned for the near term, as well as those related to SGMA efforts for the Kaweah and Tule Subbasins. The GSP water budget modeling efforts in both the Kaweah and Tule Subbasins incorporated climate change factors for hydrology and surface water supplies using the California Department of Water Resources(DWR) Central Tendency climate change scenarios to obtain estimated climate change impacts. Section

4.3 of this Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP or Plan) presents information on how the impacts of climate change are factored into projected demands in the District. Cal Water is actively working to further quantify and consider future climate change impacts as part of its ongoing supply and operations planning.

7.2 Reliability by Type of Year
 CWC § 10631 (b) (1)
…For each source of water supply, consider any information pertinent to the reliability analysis conducted pursuant to Section 10635, including changes in supply due to climate change.  CWC § 10631 (b)
Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), providing supporting and related information, including all of the following:
 CWC § 10631 (b)(1)
A detailed discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal water year, single dry year, and droughts lasting at least five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of drought, as described in the drought risk assessment. For each source of water supply, consider any information pertinent to the reliability analysis conducted pursuant to Section 10635, including changes in supply due to climate change.  CWC § 10635 (a)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.

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Per the UWMP Guidebook 2020, the water service reliability assessment includes three unique year types:
• A normal hydrologic year represents the water supplies available under normal conditions, this could be an averaged range of years or a single representative year, • A single dry year represents the lowest available water supply, and • A five-consecutive year drought represents the driest five-year period in the historical record.

Identification of these dry year periods consistent with the UWMP Guidebook 2020 methodology is provided below. Figure 7-1 compares annual rainfall to the historic average (10.42 inches). The designation of Base Years for drought planning shown in Table 7-1 below comes from the data underlying this chart. The Cal Water production data record for the Visalia District begins in the year 1980; therefore, the following year type analysis uses the historical period from 1980 to 2019.

A normal hydrologic year occurred in 1991 when precipitation was approximately 0.4 percent below the historic average for the period from 1980 to 2019. The driest year occurred in 2013 when the rainfall was approximately 68 percent below average (3.38 inches). This is taken as the single dry year shown in Table 7-1. The multiple dry water years used to represent a fiveconsecutive year drought are 2011 through 2015. This period represents the driest five-year period on record for the historical period from 1980 to 2019, with an average precipitation of

7.11 inches per year.

As discussed in Section 7.1.1, the District’s water supplies are reliable regardless of water year type. Therefore, total supplies are expected to be sufficient to meet projected water demands of the District under all hydrologic conditions, including in normal, single dry, and multiple dry years.

As such, the projected “volume available” estimates presented in Table 7-1 are equal to the maximum demands across projected years and year types shown in Table 7-2, Table 7-3, and Table 7-4. For example, the assumed volume available in a representative single dry year in Table 7-1 is equal to the projected single dry year demand for the year 2045 shown in Table 7-3.

It should be noted that supply volumes in Table 7-1, Table 7-2, Table 7-3, and Table 7-4 do not represent the total amount of water supply that may be available to the District in a given year, but rather reflect the fact that the water supply has always been sufficient to meet demands, and is projected to continue to be sufficient to meet demands in the future. It should also be noted that the Kaweah and Tule Subbasins are not adjudicated, and the projected groundwater supply volumes are not intended to and do not determine, limit or represent Cal Water’s water rights or maximum pumping volumes. Any determination of Cal Water’s water rights, as an overlying California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
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owner, appropriator, municipal water purveyor or otherwise, is beyond the scope of this report and the UWMP statutes and regulations.

Figure 7-1. Deviation of Annual Rainfall from Long-Term Average Source: PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University, http://prism.oregonstate.edu -8
-6
-4
-2
0 2
4 6
8 10
19801982198419861988199019921994199619982000200220042006200820102012201420162018 Rainfall Departure from Average (in)
Departure from Average 5-yr Moving Average
Consecutive Dry
Years
Average Year
Single Dry Year
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Table 7-1. Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) (DWR Table 7-1) Year Type Base Year
Available Supplies if
Year Type Repeats
Quantification of available supplies is not
compatible with this table and is provided
elsewhere in the UWMP.

Location __________________________
X
Quantification of available supplies is provided
in this table as either volume only, percent only,
or both.

Volume Available % of Average Supply
Average Year 1991 44,529
Single-Dry Year 2013 45,400
Consecutive Dry Years 1st Year 2011 45,939
Consecutive Dry Years 2nd Year 2012 45,939
Consecutive Dry Years 3rd Year 2013 45,939
Consecutive Dry Years 4th Year 2014 45,939
Consecutive Dry Years 5th Year 2015 45,939
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
(b) As discussed in Section 7.1, total available supplies are considered to be equal to the projected demand under all year types. Therefore, available volumes presented here are the maximum demands across projected years in Table 7-2, 7-3, and 7-4.

7.3 Supply and Demand Assessment
Water supply and demand patterns change during normal, single dry, and multiple dry years. Cal Water has relied on the demand modeling described in Chapter 4 to forecast demands for normal, single dry and multiple dry years. As described above, Cal Water’s groundwater supply for the Visalia District is expected to be able to serve those demands in all year types through 2045. 49
Table 7-2 shows the projected supply and demand totals for a normal year. The supply and demand totals are consistent with those in Table 6-9 and Table 4-3, respectively 50. Table 7-3 shows the projected supply and demand totals for the single dry year, and Table 7-4 shows the projected supply and demand totals for multiple dry year periods extending five years. It should 49 The balance between supply and demand totals excludes usage reductions that are not directly a function of Cal Water supplies, but are externally-imposed by other entities, such as the 2015 State-mandated cutbacks. 50 Pumping by the Mullen PWS in the Tule Subbasin has historically comprised approximately 0.1% of the total District pumping. Given this, projected District demands and supplies included in this Plan are not apportioned by groundwater subbasin, but presented on a District-wide basis.

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be noted that the Kaweah and Tule Subbasins are not adjudicated, and the projected groundwater supply volumes are not intended to and do not determine, limit or represent Cal Water’s water rights or maximum pumping volumes. Any determination of Cal Water’s water rights, as an overlying owner, appropriator, municipal water purveyor or otherwise, is beyond the scope of this report and the UWMP statutes and regulations.

Table 7-2. Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Table 7-2) 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Supply totals
From DWR Table 6-9 32,520 35,276 38,310 41,258 44,529
Demand totals
From DWR Table 4-3 32,520 35,276 38,310 41,258 44,529
Difference 0 0 0 0 0
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
(b) Neither the Kaweah or Tule Subbasins are adjudicated, and this projected supply volumes do not comprise a determination of water rights or maximum allowable pumping.

Table 7-3. Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Table 7-3) 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Supply totals 33,152 35,962 39,057 42,063 45,400
Demand totals 33,152 35,962 39,057 42,063 45,400
Difference 0 0 0 0 0
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
(b) Neither the Kaweah or Tule Subbasins are adjudicated, and this projected supply volumes do not comprise a determination of water rights or maximum allowable pumping.

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Table 7-4. Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Table 7-4) 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
First
year
Supply totals 33,543 36,387 39,520 42,562 45,939
Demand totals 33,543 36,387 39,520 42,562 45,939
Difference 0 0 0 0 0
Second
year
Supply totals 33,543 36,387 39,520 42,562 45,939
Demand totals 33,543 36,387 39,520 42,562 45,939
Difference 0 0 0 0 0
Third
year
Supply totals 33,543 36,387 39,520 42,562 45,939
Demand totals 33,543 36,387 39,520 42,562 45,939
Difference 0 0 0 0 0
Fourth
year
Supply totals 33,543 36,387 39,520 42,562 45,939
Demand totals 33,543 36,387 39,520 42,562 45,939
Difference 0 0 0 0 0
Fifth
year
Supply totals 33,543 36,387 39,520 42,562 45,939
Demand totals 33,543 36,387 39,520 42,562 45,939
Difference 0 0 0 0 0
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
(b) Neither the Kaweah or Tule Subbasins are adjudicated, and this projected supply volumes do not comprise a determination of water rights or maximum allowable pumping.

7.4 Water Supply Management Tools and Options
Cal Water coordinates on an ongoing basis with all relevant agencies in the region to optimize the use of regional water supplies. This includesthe City of Visalia, Tulare County, the GSAs within which the District lies, and other public and private entities with which Cal Water can collaborate to protect and enhance local groundwater and surface water resources.

Cal Water is currently in the process of developing multiple regional water supply reliability studies using integrated resource planning practices to create a long-term supply reliability strategy through 2050 for Cal Water districts throughout California. The studies will create longterm strategies to address a wide range of water supply challenges including climate change, new regulatory requirements (e.g., SGMA), and potential growth in demands due to new development. These water supply reliability studies will be completed on a rolling basis over the  CWC § 10620 (f)
An urban water supplier shall describe in the plan water management tools and options used by that entity that will maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions.

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next several years, with all studies anticipated to be complete by 2024. The Visalia District will be included in the Central Valley Water Reliability Study.

Cal Water also has its own aggressive and comprehensive water conservation program that has and will continue to reduce per-capita usage and therefore demands on critical water sources.

Cal Water is committed to helping its customers use water efficiently and has developed a range of water conservation programs to support this goal. To ensure that it is providing the right mix of programs in the most cost-effective manner possible, Cal Water routinely conducts comprehensive conservation program analysis and planning. This is done on a five-year cycle in tandem with the UWMP. Cal Water’s Conservation Master Plan provides the basis for the information on the implementation of and expected water savings from Demand Management Measures (DMMs) presented in Chapter 9.

Cal Water also monitors and supports the goals of the Kaweah River Basin Integrated Regional Water Management Plan (IRWMP) and the Tule River Basin IRWMP.

7.5 Drought Risk Assessment

7.5.1 Data, Methods, and Basis for Water Shortage Condition This drought risk assessment considers the effects on available water supply sources of a fiveyear drought commencing the year after the assessment is completed, i.e., from 2021 through  CWC § 10635(b)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk assessment for its water service to its customers as part of information considered in developing the demand management measures and water supply projects and programs to be included in the urban water management plan. The urban water supplier may conduct an interim update or updates to this drought risk assessment within the fiveyear cycle of its urban water management plan update. The drought risk assessment shall include each of the following:
(1) A description of the data, methodology, and basis for one or more supply shortage conditions that are necessary to conduct a drought risk assessment for a drought period that lasts five consecutive water years, starting from the year following when the assessment is conducted. (2) A determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions. This may include a determination that a particular source of water supply is fully reliable under most, if not all, conditions.
(3) A comparison of the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water use for the drought period.
(4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.

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2025. In the Visalia District, the sole supply source is groundwater. As such, the same data, methodology, and basis for the conclusions of the above water supply sufficiency analysis for multiple dry year periods through 2045 holds true for purposes of this drought risk assessment (i.e., supply availability through 2025). This evaluation considers historical drought hydrology and plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.

7.5.2 Drought Risk Assessment Water Source Reliability
As described in Chapter 6, groundwater is the sole source of water supply for the Visalia District.

Based on discussion in Section 7.1.1, the Visalia District groundwater supply is expected to be sufficient to meet demands in all hydrologic conditions, including an extended five-year drought period.

As described in Sections 4.3 and 6.10.1 of this Plan, the impacts on climate change have already been factored into the District’s demand projections and the analysis of the near- and longerterm reliability of the groundwater supply source available to the District.

Regulatory conditions that could affect future water supply availability and project development (e.g., related to the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Francisco/Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary [Bay-Delta Plan]) are discussed in Section 6.10.3 of the Plan. However, the District does not currently have plans for projects to develop additional supply sources, and so these regulatory conditions will be assessed in future UWMP updates if or when the District moves forward with any plans to develop supply projects.

Implementation of SGMA in the Kaweah and Tule Subbasins is a locally applicable consideration for the Visalia District. As discussed in Section 6.2.3 of this Plan, the long-term impacts of SGMA implementation in the Kaweah and Tule Subbasins are still uncertain. However, it is the intent of the projects and management actions planned by the within both the Kaweah and Tule Subbasins to stabilize water levels and provide for sustainable management of the groundwater resource.

It is anticipated that should pumping fees or similar restrictions (i.e., allocations) be required to address future shortfalls, such actions will be focused on management of agricultural water use, as opposed to M&I pumping. As described in Section 6.2, the GSAs within the Kaweah and Tule Subbasins are in the process of developing allocation programs, which could impact future Visalia District supplies. As such actions are implemented, Cal Water will consider them as a part of its future supply planning efforts.

Cal Water holds certain water rights to groundwater it has pumped and used as an overlying owner and appropriator. Cal Water’s water rights have been dedicated to a public use, and Cal Water is required by the California Public Utilities Commission to provide water to all customers within its designated service area under reasonable rules and regulations. Further, under California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
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California law municipal water rights and uses have a higher priority and are entitled to more protection than other uses of water, including in connection SGMA. Use of water for domestic purposes is recognized as the “highest use” of water in the State of California pursuant to CWC §106, and the rights of urban water purveyors should be protected to the fullest extent necessary for existing and future uses, pursuant to CWC §106.5.

SGMA was intended to preserve the security of water rights in the state to the greatest extent possible, and was not intended to determine, modify or alter any surface water or groundwater rights or priorities (CWC §10720.1(b), 10720.5(a) and (b)). SGMA should therefore not reduce, adversely impact or limit Cal Water’s present or future exercise of its domestic water rights or its obligation to serve its municipal customers, and Cal Water’s rights should be subject to less restrictions and limitations than any other types of water rights or uses.

Table 7-5 provides a comparison of the water supply sources available to the Visalia District with the total projected water use for an assumed drought period of 2021 through 2025, including consideration of the above issues and climate change. It should be noted that because the District only pumps the amount of groundwater necessary to meet demands in a given year, the supply values shown in the table do not represent the total supply available to the District in a given year, but rather reflect the fact that the available groundwater supply is sufficient to meet the demands as needed. The values in Table 7-5 are not intended to and do not determine, limit or represent Cal Water’s water rights or maximum pumping volumes. Any determination of Cal Water’s water rights, as an overlying owner, appropriator, municipal water purveyor or otherwise, is beyond the scope of this report and the UWMP statutes and regulations.

Although water shortage conditions are not expected to arise due to drought, Cal Water has developed a WSCP (Appendix G) to address potential water shortage conditions resulting from any cause (e.g., droughts, impacted distribution system infrastructure, regulatory-imposed shortage restrictions, etc.). The WSCP identifies a variety of actions that Cal Water will implement to reduce demands and further ensure supply reliability at various levels of water shortage.

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Table 7-5. Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Tables to Address Water Code 10635(b) (DWR Table 7-5)
2021 Total
Total Water Use 31,274
Total Supplies 31,274
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action
2022 Total
Total Water Use 31,813
Total Supplies 31,813
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action
2023 Total
Total Water Use 32,376
Total Supplies 32,376
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action
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Table 7-5. Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Tables to Address Water Code 10635(b) (DWR Table 7-5)
2024 Total
Total Water Use 32,954
Total Supplies 32,954
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action
2025 Total
Total Water Use 33,543
Total Supplies 33,543
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation) WSCP - supply augmentation benefit
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
Resulting % Use Reduction from WSCP action
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
(b) Because the District has sufficient supplies to meet demands in all year types, it is not anticipated that Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) actions will be required.

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Chapter 8
Water Shortage Contingency Planning
The Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) for the Visalia District (also referred to herein as “District”) is included in this Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) as Appendix G. The WSCP serves as a standalone document to be engaged in the case of a water shortage event, such as a drought or supply interruption, and defines specific policies and actions that will be implemented at various shortage level scenarios. The primary objective of the WSCP is to ensure that the District has in place the necessary resources and management responses needed to protect health and human safety, minimize economic disruption, and preserve environmental and community assets during water supply shortages and interruptions. Consistent with CWC §10632, the WSCP includes six levels to address shortage conditions ranging from up to 10 percent to greater than 50 percent shortage, identifies a suite of demand mitigation measures for the District to implement at each level, and identifies procedures for the District to annually assess whether or not a water shortage is likely to occur in the coming year, among other things.

A summary of the key elements of the WSCP including water shortage levels and demandreduction actions is shown in Table 8-1, Table 8-2, and Table 8-3. Additional details are provided in Appendix G.
 CWC § 10640
(a) Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall prepare its plan pursuant to Article 2 (commencing with Section 10630). The supplier shall likewise periodically review the plan as required by Section 10621, and any amendments or changes required as a result of that review shall be adopted pursuant to this article.
(b) Every urban water supplier required to prepare a water shortage contingency plan shall prepare a water shortage contingency plan pursuant to Section 10632. The supplier shall likewise periodically review the water shortage contingency plan asrequired by paragraph (10) ofsubdivision (a) of Section 10632 and any amendments or changes required as a result of that review shall be adopted pursuant to this article.

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Table 8-1. Water Shortage Contingency Plan Levels (DWR Table 8-1) Shortage
Level
Percent
Shortage Range Shortage Response Actions
1 Up to 10% Demand reduction (See Table 8-2)
2 Up to 20% Demand reduction (See Table 8-2)
3 Up to 30% Demand reduction (See Table 8-2)
4 Up to 40% Demand reduction (See Table 8-2)
5 Up to 50% Demand reduction (See Table 8-2)
6 >50% Demand reduction (See Table 8-2)
NOTES:

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Table 8-2. Demand Reduction Actions (DWR Table 8-2)
Shortage
Level Demand Reduction Actions
How much is this
going to reduce
the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(optional)
Penalty, Charge, or
Other Enforcement?
1 Other 9%

1. Limit landscape irrigation to
specific times

2. Customers must repair leaks,
breaks, and malfunctions in a timely
manner

3. Restrict or prohibit runoff from
landscape irrigation

4. Prohibit application of potable
water to outdoor landscapes within
48 hours of measurable rainfall

5. Prohibit use of potable water for
washing hard surfaces

6. Lodging establishments must offer
opt out of linen service
Yes
1 Other --

1. Expand Public Information/Media
Campaign

2. Water Bill Inserts

3. Promote online water waste
reporting

4. Expand Rebates or Giveaways of
Plumbing Fixtures and Devices

5. Expand Rebates for Landscape
Irrigation Efficiency

6. Expand CII Water Use Surveys

7. Expand Res Water Use Surveys
No
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Shortage
Level Demand Reduction Actions
How much is this
going to reduce
the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(optional)
Penalty, Charge, or
Other Enforcement?
2 Other 16%

1. Continue with Stage 1 restrictions
and prohibitions except where
superseded by more stringent
actions.

2. Prohibit the use of nonrecirculating systems in all new conveyer car wash and commercial
laundry systems

3. Prohibit the use of single pass
cooling systems in new connections

4. Restaurants may only serve water
upon request

5. No watering of landscape of newly
constructed homes and buildings in a
manner inconsistent with regulations
or other requirements established by
the California Building Standards
Commission and the Department of
Housing and Community
Development

6. Prohibit Potable Water Use for
Decorative Water Features that do
not Recirculate Water
Yes
2 Other --

1. Continue with Stage 1 actions
except where superseded by more
stringent actions.

2. Water Efficiency Workshops, Public
No
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Shortage
Level Demand Reduction Actions
How much is this
going to reduce
the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(optional)
Penalty, Charge, or
Other Enforcement?
Events

3. Offer Water Use Surveys

4. Provide Rebates or Giveaways of
Plumbing Fixtures and Devices

5. Provide Rebates for Landscape
Irrigation Efficiency
3 Other 27%

1. Continue with Stage 1 restrictions
and prohibitions except where
superseded by more stringent
actions.

2. Landscape - Limit landscape
irrigation to 1-3 days/week

3. Landscape - Prohibit irrigation of
ornamental turf on public street
medians with potable water

4. Prohibit Filling Ornamental Lakes
or Ponds
Yes
3 Other --

1. Continue with Stage 1 actions
except where superseded by more
stringent actions.

2. Home or Mobile Water Use
Reports

3. Decrease Frequency and Length of
Line Flushing

4. Reduce System Water Loss

5. Increase Water Waste
Patrols/Enforcement
No
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Shortage
Level Demand Reduction Actions
How much is this
going to reduce
the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(optional)
Penalty, Charge, or
Other Enforcement?

6. Implement Drought Rate Structure
and Customer Water Budgets (Res)

7. Implement Drought Rate Structure
and Customer Water Budgets (CII)
4 Other 35%

1. Continue with Stage 1 restrictions
and prohibitions except where
superseded by more stringent
actions.

2. Prohibit use of potable water for
construction and dust control

3. Prohibit use of potable water for
street washing

4. Prohibit vehicle washing except
with recycled water
Yes
4 Other --

1. Continue with Stage 1 actions
except where superseded by more
stringent actions.

2. Promote / Expand Use of Recycled
Water
No
5 Other 49%

1. Continue with Stage 1 restrictions
and prohibitions except where
superseded by more stringent
actions.

2. Require net zero demand Increase
on new water service connections

3. Prohibit filling of pools
Yes
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Shortage
Level Demand Reduction Actions
How much is this
going to reduce
the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(optional)
Penalty, Charge, or
Other Enforcement?

4. Prohibit single-pass cooling
systems
5 Other --

1. Continue with Stage 1 actions
except where superseded by more
stringent actions.

2. Require Pool Covers
No
6 Other 55%

1. Continue with Stage 1 restrictions
and prohibitions except where
superseded by more stringent
actions.

2. Moratorium on new water service
connections

3. Prohibit all landscape irrigation
Yes
NOTES:

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Table 8-3. Supply Augmentation and Other Actions (DWR Table 8-3) Shortage
Level
Supply Augmentation Methods and Other
Actions by Water Supplier
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(optional)
NOTES:

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Chapter 9
Demand Management Measures
This chapter provides a summary of past and planned demand management measure (DMM) implementation in the Visalia District (also referred to herein as the “District”), as well as an overview of the expected water savings.

This chapter contains the following sections:

9.1 Demand Management Measures for Wholesale Agencies

9.2 Demand Management Measures for Retail Suppliers

9.3 Implementation over the Past Five Years

9.4 Implementation to Achieve Water Use Targets

9.5 Water Use Objectives
 CWC § 10631 (e)
Provide a description of the supplier’s water demand management measures. This description shall include all of the following:
(1) (A) For an urban retail water supplier, as defined in Section 10608.12, a narrative description that addresses the nature and extent of each water demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The narrative shall describe the water demand management measures that the supplier plans to implement to achieve its water use targets pursuant to Section 10608.20. (B) The narrative pursuant to this paragraph shall include descriptions of the following water demand management measures:
(i) Water waste prevention ordinances.
(ii) Metering.
(iii) Conservation pricing.
(iv) Public education and outreach.
(v) Programs to assess and manage distribution system real loss. (vi) Water conservation program coordination and staffing support. (vii) Other demand management measures that have a significant impact on water use as measured in gallons per capita per day, including innovative measures, if implemented.

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9.1 Demand Management Measures for Wholesale Agencies
Because the District is a retail water supplier, this section does not apply.

9.2 Demand Management Measures for Retail Suppliers
California Water Service Company (Cal Water) centrally administers its conservation programs for all the districts it operates. For purposes of this section, these programs have been grouped in accordance with the DMM categories in CWC §10631(e). These categories are:
(i) Water waste prevention ordinances
(ii) Metering
(iii) Conservation pricing
(iv) Public education and outreach
(v) Programs to assess and manage distribution system real loss (vi) Water conservation program coordination and staffing support, and (vii) Other demand management measures
Following are descriptions of the conservation programs Cal Water operates within each of these DMM categories. The District’s Conservation Master Plan, provided in Appendix H, contains additional information on Cal Water’s conservation programs.

9.2.1 Water Waste Prevention Ordinances
Cal Water’s enforcement of water waste prevention and water use restrictions is authorized and overseen by the California Public Utilities Commission via Rule 14.1 or Schedule 14.1. Local government in districts operated by Cal Water may also adopt ordinances regulating water use.

Cal Water coordinates its efforts to prevent water waste with the appropriate local governmental entities. For the Visalia District, this includes the City of Visalia and Tulare County.

Rule 14.1 defines the District’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP, Appendix H), including its prohibitions on water waste and restrictions on water use. Prohibitions include:
• Use of potable water through a broken or defective plumbing fixture or irrigation system when Cal Water has notified the customer in writing to repair the broken or defective plumbing fixture or irrigation system, and the customer has failed to effect such repairs within seven (7) business days of receipt of such notice. • The application of potable water to landscapes in a manner that causes runoff such that water flows onto adjacent property, non-irrigated areas, private and public walkways, roadways, parking lots, or structures.

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• The use of a hose that dispenses potable water to wash vehicles, including cars, trucks, buses, boats, aircraft, and trailers, whether motorized or not, except where the hose is fitted with a shut-off nozzle or device attached to it that causes it to cease dispensing water immediately when not in use.

Restrictions on water use during shortages include, but are not necessarily limited to:
• Outdoor irrigation restrictions in terms of time of day and weekly frequency. • Obligations to fix leaks, breaks, or malfunctions within five (5) business days of written notification by Cal Water.
• Application of potable water to driveways and sidewalks. • The use of potable water in a water feature, except where the water is part of a recirculating system.
• The application of potable water to outdoor landscapes during and within 48 hours after measurable rainfall.
• The serving of drinking water other than upon request in eating or drinking establishments.
• Irrigation of ornamental landscape on public street medians. • Irrigation outside of newly constructed homes and buildings with potable water in a manner inconsistent with regulations or other requirements established by the California Building Standards Commission and the Department of Housing and Community Development.
• Operators of hotels and motels shall provide guests with the option of choosing not to have towels and linens laundered daily. The hotel or motel shall prominently display notice of this option in each guest room using clear and easily understood language. • Limits on filling ornamental lakes or ponds.
• Use of potable water for street cleaning with trucks, except for initial wash-down for construction purposes.
• Use of potable water for construction purposes, such as consolidation of backfill, dust control, or other uses unless no other source of water or other method can be used.

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9.2.2 Metering
The District meters all service connections and bills customers for water use monthly. Cal Water may install advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in the future to improve metering accuracy and supply prompt feedback to customers about water use and leaks. Cal Water is currently piloting (AMI) in several districts. AMI may be used by Cal Water in the future to detect and alert households of leaks and other possible problems as well as to provide customers with tailored water use information to help them use water more efficiently.

9.2.3 Conservation Pricing
The CPUC reviews and authorizes District water rates in a General Rate Case every three years.

Currently, the District uses a three-tier increasing block rate design for residential water use and a single-tier uniform rate design for non-residential use. The District provides rate assistance to lower income households through its Customer Assistance Program (CAP).

9.2.4 Public Education and Outreach
The District’s public outreach program is divided into four components, as follows:

Public Information Program – Cal Water operates an extensive public information program to provide information to customers on ways to use water efficiently and to market its conservation programs through multiple media outlets, including the Cal Water website, direct mail and bills, digital media, social media, and email.
 CWC § 526 (a)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an urban water supplier that, on or after January 1, 2004, receives water from the federal Central Valley Project under a water service contract or subcontract … shall do both of the following:
(1) On or before January 1, 2013, install water meters on all service connections to residential and nonagricultural commercial buildings constructed prior to January 1, 1992, located within its service area. (2) On and after March 1, 2013, or according to the terms of the Central Valley Project water contract in operation, charge customers for water based on the actual volume of deliveries, as measured by a water meter.  CWC § 527 (a)
(a) An urban water supplier that is not subject to Section 526 shall do both of the following:
(1) Install water meters on all municipal and industrial service connections located within its service area on or before January 1, 2025.

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School Education Program - Cal Water’s school education program includes the Cal Water H2O Challenge, a project-based learning competition for grades 4-6, individual student competitions for grades K-12 and general information and learning materials for students and teachers. Cal Water deploys its school education program in all its districts. Cal Water H2O Challenge is a project-based competition for classrooms, grades 4-6. The program is offered in partnership with DoGoodery, the California Association of Science Educators (CASE), and the WestEd K-12 Alliance.

The program aligns with the Common Core State Standards and the Next Generation Science Standards. The Cal Water H2O Challenge offers a unique opportunity for upper elementary teachers to facilitate their students’ learning of standards-based content, while developing the core understanding of environmental principles necessary to becoming science-literate citizens.

Smart Landscape Tune-Up Program – This program provides customers with an irrigation system evaluation and installation of approved efficient irrigation system equipment, such as a smart irrigation controller and high-efficiency sprinkler nozzles. The program also includes irrigation system adjustments and detection and repair of irrigation system leaks. This program is available to all Cal Water customers at no charge.

Residential Customer Portal – Through its residential customer portal, Cal Water provides tailored assistance to each residential customer via customized water-efficiency targets, water savings calculators, and customer-specific recommendations for programs and water-saving tips.

Non-Residential Customer Assistance – Cal Water provides tailored assistance to commercial customers through customized incentives, commercial water surveys, and large landscape water use surveys. The non-residential assistance program helps commercial customers efficiently use water for sanitation/cleaning, heating/cooling, process, and landscape purposes.

9.2.5 Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss As discussed above, reducing distribution system losses is one of the main focuses of the new Making Water Conservation a California Way of Life regulations. In preparation for these new requirements, Cal Water took part in the California Water Loss Technical Assistance Program (TAP) in both 2016 and 2017. Cal Water annually conducts distribution system audits using the American Water Works Association (AWWA) Free Water Audit Software. It has also developed a Water Loss Control Plan and Water Loss Control Policy to guide future water loss management with respect to:
• Meeting CPUC and state water loss standards and regulations • Improving audit data and validity scores
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To coordinate and oversee water loss management actions across its multiple districts, Cal Water has added a Water Loss Program Analyst position to its conservation staff.

9.2.6 Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support The CPUC reviews and authorizes Cal Water conservation program and staffing level in a general rate case every three years. Currently, Cal Water has nine full-time conservation positions, as follows:
• Director of Water Resource Sustainability,
• Conservation Program Manager,
• Research, Analytics and Reporting Manager,
• Water Resource Sustainability Analyst,
• Water Loss Program Analyst,
• Three Conservation Program Coordinators, and
• Conservation Assistant.

These staff manage all aspects of Cal Water’s conservation programs that are run in 24 districts serving a combined population of 1.8 million people.

9.2.7 Other Demand Management Measures
In addition to the DMM programs described above, Cal Water operates rebate, give-away, and direct installation programs aimed at plumbing fixture replacement and irrigation equipment and landscape efficiency improvements. Following are brief descriptions of each of these DMMs.

High-Efficiency Toilet Replacement – This program replaces old toilets with MaP certified highefficiency toilets via financial rebates, direct installation, or direct distribution.51 Current rebate amounts are up to $50/toilet for residential toilet replacement and up to $100/toilet for commercial toilet replacement.

High-Efficiency Urinal Replacement – This program replaces old urinals with high-efficiency urinals meeting the state’s 0.125 gallon per flush water use standard via financial rebates and direct installation. While available to all non-residential customers, the program targets sites with higher-than-average bathroom utilization, such as restaurants and office buildings. The current rebate amount is up to $150/urinal.
51 For information on MaP certified toilets, see: https://www.map-testing.com/.

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Clothes Washer Replacement – This program provides a financial rebate to replace an old inefficient clothes washer with a new high-efficiency washer. The program is available to all residential and multi-family customers. The current rebate amount is up to $150/washer.

Residential Conservation Kit Distribution – This program offers residential customers conservation kits featuring a range of water-saving plumbing retrofit devices. The kits are available at no charge and include two high-efficiency showerheads (1.5 gpm), two bathroom faucet aerators (1.0 gpm), one kitchen faucet aerator (1.5 gpd), toilet leak tablets, and an outside multi-function, full-stop hose nozzle.

Smart Irrigation Controller Installation – This program provides a financial rebate for the installation of a smart irrigation controller that automatically adjusts watering schedule in response to changing weather conditions. The current rebate amount is $125/controller for residential customers and $25/station for commercial customers.

High-Efficiency Sprinkler Nozzle Rebate – This program provides a financial rebate for the installation of high-efficiency sprinkler nozzles. This program is available to all Cal Water customers. The current rebate amount is $5/nozzle.

Large Rotary Nozzle Rebate – This program provides a financial rebate for the installation of highefficiency large rotary nozzles. This program is available to all Cal Water customers. The current rebate amount is up to $30/nozzle toward the nozzle purchase cost and up to $8/spray body toward installation cost, if installed by a C-27 licensed landscape contractor.

Spray Body with Integrated Pressure Regulation and Check Valve Rebate – This program provides a financial rebate for the installation of high-efficiency spray bodies with integrated pressure regulation. This program is available to all Cal Water customers. The current rebate amount is up to $10/body toward the spray body purchase cost and up to $8/spray body toward installation cost, if installed by a C-27 licensed landscape contractor.

Turf Replacement Rebate – This program provides a financial rebate for replacement of turf with approved drought-tolerant landscaping. Cal Water operated this program in 2015/16 as a drought response measure. The program will be re-started as part of Cal Water’s irrigation equipment/landscape upgrade program offerings.

Table 9-1 summarizes the DMMs available to District customers at the time this Plan was prepared.

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Table 9-1. Cal Water DMMs Available to District Customers Programs Offered Customer Eligibility
Single-Family Multi-Family Commercial
Plumbing Fixture Replacement
High-Efficiency Toilet Replacement   
High-Efficiency Urinal Replacement 
High-Efficiency Clothes Washer Rebate  
Conservation Kits  
Irrigation Equipment/Landscape Upgrades
Smart Irrigation Controller Rebate   
High-Efficiency Sprinkler Nozzle Rebate   
Large Rotary Nozzle Rebate  
Spray Body Rebate  
Turf Replacement Rebate   
Customer Assistance
Smart Landscape Tune-Up Program   
Residential Customer Portal 
Non-Residential Customer Assistance  

9.3 Implementation over the Past Five Years
Table 9-2 summarizes program implementation for the previous five years. Estimated water savings do not include savings from water waste prevention ordinances, conservation pricing, public information, or distribution system water loss management. Cal Water uses the Alliance for Water Efficiency’s Water Conservation Tracking Tool to estimate water savings.

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Table 9-2. Implementation of Customer DMMs: 2016-2020
Indoor Programs 2016 – 2020 Total Average Annual
Toilets & Urinals (number distributed) 1,521 304
Clothes Washers (number distributed) 333 67
Conservation Kits (number distributed) 412 82
Outdoor Programs
Smart Controllers (number distributed) 553 111
Nozzles & Spray Bodies (number distributed) 3,014 603
Turf Buy-Back (sq ft removed) 167,436 33,487
Residential Assistance Programs
Surveys/Audits (homes receiving) 25 5
Non-Residential Assistance Programs
Surveys/Audits (sites receiving) 12 2
Large Landscape Reports (sites receiving) 111 22
Estimated Water Savings (AF) 709 142
Note: Estimated water savings for 2016-2020. DMMs will continue to generate savings after 2020 for their useful life.

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9.4 Implementation to Achieve Water Use Targets
All the DMMs described above contributed to the District’s compliance with its SB X7-7 2020 target GPCD.

9.5 Water Use Objectives (Future Requirements)
CWC §10609 requires that urban retail water suppliers develop new water use objectives that are based on specific standards for certain water use sectors. These water use objectives will not be developed until 2023. Suppliers are encouraged in this UWMP cycle to consider how they will align their conservation management actions in order to meet these future obligations.

As noted above, Cal Water’s conservation programs are subject to review and approval by the CPUC through a General Rate Case every three years. In making conservation program recommendations to the CPUC, Cal Water carefully considers how they will advance multiple objectives, including compliance with the pending water use objectives. Specific objectives identified in Cal Water’s most recent General Rate Case included:
• Maintaining continuity with and furthering implementation of conservation programs authorized by the previous General Rate Case.
• Preserving gains in water conservation achieved during the 2013-2017 drought. • Ensuring Cal Water districts are well-positioned to comply with state regulations and policies pertaining to water conservation, water loss management, and groundwater management, including Executive Order B-37-16, SB 555, and the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA).
• Advancing cost-effective water use efficiency alternatives in districts with high water supply costs.

Cal Water developed a scoring methodology to adjust conservation programs and budgets to further these objectives. The methodology specifically considers five distinct conservation policy drivers:

1. State Conservation Standards and Water Use Objectives

2. SGMA Compliance

3. SB 555 Water Loss Management Requirements

4. Commercial, Institutional, and Industrial (CII) Water Management

5. Avoided Water Cost and Affordability
The methodology assigns greater weight to the State Conservation Standards and Water Use Objectives and SGMA Compliance policy drivers, reflecting their importance in terms of overall water resources management.

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Scoring for the SGMA Compliance policy driver is based on groundwater basin priority, district dependence on groundwater supply, and basin adjudication status. The highest scores are assigned to districts in unadjudicated and critically overdrafted or high priority basins where groundwater comprises more than 45 percent of the water supply. The Visalia District ranked in the top third of Cal Water’s districts for this policy driver.

Scoring for the State Conservation Standards and Water Use Objectives policy driver is based on four metrics that are used to gauge which districts are most likely to require adjustments to their conservation program mix or level of implementation to comply with the new standards. These metrics are:

1. Residential per capita landscape area

2. Residential per capita turf area

3. Size and number of large residential landscapes

4. Difference between a simulated water use budget and average water use for 2011-15 The Visalia District ranked in the middle third of Cal Water’s districts for this policy driver.

Scoring for the SB 555 Water Loss Management Requirements policy driver is based on the district’s infrastructure leakage index (ILI) from its most recent validated water loss audit. The ILI is a performance indicator of real (physical) water loss from the water distribution system. A high ILI indicates possible distribution system inefficiencies and may also indicate significant water system leakage. Proposed adjustments to funding for water loss management are based on the ILI scoring criteria. The Visalia District ranked in the middle third of Cal Water’s districts for this policy driver.

Scoring for the CII Water Management policy driver is based on the ratio of CII water uses to total water uses in a district. The Visalia District ranked in the middle third of Cal Water’s districts for this policy driver.

Scoring for the Avoided Water Cost and Affordability policy driver is based on the District’s avoided cost of water supply, as estimated by the California Urban Water Conservation Council (CUWCC)/Water Research Foundation Avoided Cost Model. The Visalia District ranked in the bottom third of Cal Water’s districts for this policy driver.

The combination of scores on each policy driver were used by Cal Water to recommend to the CPUC in its most recent General Rate Case adjustments to the conservation budgets of its districts. The purpose of the adjustments is to increase Cal Water’s capacity to deploy conservation programs in districts expected to face the most significant regulatory and water management challenges in coming years. Recommended adjustments ranged from a low of California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
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5 percent to a high of 25 percent. The recommended adjustment for the Visalia District was 20 percent.

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Chapter 10
Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
This chapter provides information on a public hearing, the adoption process for the Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) and Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP), the adopted UWMP and WSCP submittal process, plan implementation, and the process for amending the adopted UWMP or WSCP. This chapter includes the following sections:

10.1 Inclusion of All 2020 Data

10.2 Notice of Public Hearing

10.3 Public Hearing and Adoption

10.4 Plan Submittal

10.5 Public Availability

10.6 Notification of Public Utilities Commission

10.7 Amending an Adopted UWMP or Water Shortage Contingency Plan

10.1 Inclusion of All 2020 Data
This UWMP includes the water use and planning data for the entire calendar year of 2020, per the UWMP Guidebook 2020.
 CWC § 10621 (b)
Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall, at least 60 days before the public hearing on the plan required by Section 10642, notify any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes to the plan. The urban water supplier may consult with, and obtain comments from, any city or county that receives notice pursuant to this subdivision.

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10.2 Notice of Public Hearing
Prior to adopting the Plan, California Water Service Company (Cal Water) held a virtual public hearing to present information on its Visalia District (also referred to herein as “District”) 2020 UWMP and WSCP on May 18, 2021, 7:00 PM. 52
Relevant entities were notified of the UWMP and WSCP review at least 60 days prior to the public hearing, including: (1) cities, counties, and Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs), and (2) the public. These same entities were noticed again with the specific date, time and location of the hearing at least two weeks prior to the public hearing. The notice to the public, as specified in Government Code 6066, and letters to relevant agencies can be found in Appendix C and Appendix B, respectively.

10.2.1 Notice to Cities and Counties
Table 10-1 lists the cities and counties that were notified. Copies of these letters are provided in Appendix B.
52 Restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic prevented the District from holding an in-person public hearing as previously planned.
 CWC § 10642
Each urban water supplier shall encourage the active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan. Prior to adopting either, the urban water supplier shall make both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan available for public inspection and shall hold a public hearing or hearings thereon. Prior to any of these hearings, notice of the time and place of the hearing shall be published within the jurisdiction of the publicly owned water supplier pursuant to Section 6066 of the Government Code. The urban water supplier shall provide notice of the time and place of a hearing to any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies. Notices by a local public agency pursuant to this section shall be provided pursuant to Chapter 17.5 (commencing with Section 7290) of Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code. A privately owned water supplier shall provide an equivalent notice within its service area. After the hearing or hearings, the plan or water shortage contingency plan shall be adopted as prepared or as modified after the hearing or hearings.
 CWC § 10631 (a) A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter that shall do all of the following:

Urban water suppliers shall coordinate with local or regional land use authorities to determine the most appropriate land use information, including, where appropriate, land use information obtained from local or regional land use authorities, as developed pursuant to Article 5 (commencing with Section 65300) of Chapter 3 of Division 1 of Title 7 of the Government Code.

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Table 10-1. Notification to Cities and Counties (DWR Table 10-1) City Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public
Hearing
City of Visalia X X
County Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public
Hearing
Tulare County X X
Other Agency Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public
Hearing
Greater Kaweah
Groundwater Sustainability
Agency
X X
Mid-Kaweah Groundwater
Sustainability Agency X X
Kaweah Delta Water
Conservation District X X
NOTES:

10.2.2 Notice to the Public
Notification to the public and to cities and counties also provided instructions on how to view the 2020 UWMP and WSCP prior to the hearing, the revision schedule, and contact information of the UWMP and WSCP preparer. A copy of this notice is included in Appendix C.

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10.3 Public Hearing and Adoption
The deadline for public comments on the UWMP and WSCP was June 18, 2021. The final Plan was formally adopted by Cal Water’s Vice President of Engineering June 20, 2021, and was submitted to California Department of Water Resources (DWR) within 30 days of approval. Appendix H presents a copy of the signed Resolution of Plan Adoption. Appendix B contains the following:
• Letters sent to and received from various agencies regarding this plan, and • Correspondence between Cal Water and participating agencies.  CWC § 10608.26
(a) In complying with this part, an urban retail water supplier shall conduct at least one public hearing to accomplish all of the following:
(1) Allow community input regarding the urban retail water supplier’s implementation plan for complying with this part.
(2) Consider the economic impacts of the urban retail water supplier’s implementation plan for complying with this part.
(3) Adopt a method, pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 10608.20, for determining its urban water use target.  CWC § 10621 (b)
Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall, at least 60 days before the public hearing on the plan required by Section 10642, notify any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes to the plan. The urban water supplier may consult with, and obtain comments from, any city or county that receives notice pursuant to this subdivision.

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10.4 Plan Submittal
This UWMP and WSCP were submitted to DWR within 30 days of adoption and by the July 1, 2021 deadline. The submittal was done electronically through Water Use Efficiency Data Portal, an online submittal tool. The adopted UWMP and WSCP were also sent to the California State Library and to the cities and counties listed in Table 10-1 no later than 30 days after adoption.

10.5 Public Availability
On or about May 3, 2021, an electronic version of the draft 2020 UWMP and WSCP were made available for review by visiting Cal Water’s website:
https://www.calwater.com/conservation/uwmp-review/. 53
53 Restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic prevented the District from making a printed hard-copy available for public review as previously planned.
 CWC § 10621 (f)
(1) Each urban water supplier shall update and submit its 2020 plan to the department by July 1, 2021.  CWC § 10635 (c)
The urban water supplier shall provide that portion of its urban water management plan prepared pursuant to this article to any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 60 days after the submission of its urban water management plan.
 CWC § 10644 (a)
(1) An urban water supplier shall submit to the department, the California State Library, and any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies a copy of its plan no later than 30 days after adoption. Copies of amendments or changes to the plans shall be submitted to the department, the California State Library, and any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies within 30 days after adoption. (2) The plan, or amendments to the plan, submitted to the department pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be submitted electronically and shall include any standardized forms, tables, or displays specified by the department.  CWC § 10645
(a) Not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its plan with the department, the urban water supplier and the department shall make the plan available for public review during normal business hours. (b) Not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its water shortage contingency plan with the department, the urban water supplier and the department shall make the plan available for public review during normal business hours.

California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
June 2021
Printed 6/24/2021

EKI Environment & Water, Inc.

M.Cubed
Gary Fiske and Associates

10.6 Notification of Public Utilities Commission
Cal Water is an urban water supplier regulated by the California Public Utilities Commission. Cal Water included the District’s 2020 UWMP and WSCP as part of its general rate case filings.

10.7 Amending an Adopted UWMP or Water Shortage Contingency Plan If the 2020 UWMP or WSCP is amended, each of the steps for notification, public hearing, adoption and submittal will also be followed for the amended document.  CWC § 10621 (c)
An urban water supplier regulated by the Public Utilities Commission shall include its most recent plan and water shortage contingency plan as part of the supplier’s general rate case filings.  CWC § 10644 (b)
If an urban water supplier revises its water shortage contingency plan, the supplier shall submit to the department a copy of its water shortage contingency plan prepared pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 no later than 30 days after adoption, in accordance with protocols for submission and using electronic reporting tools developed by the department.

California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
June 2021
Printed 6/24/2021
Page A-1
EKI Environment & Water, Inc.

M.Cubed
Gary Fiske and Associates
Appendix A: UWMP Act Checklist
California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Retail Wholesale 2020 Guidebook Location Water Code Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject 2020 UWMP
Location (Optional
Column for Agency
Review
Use)
x x Chapter 1 10615
A plan shall describe and evaluate sources of supply, reasonable and practical efficient uses, reclamation and demand management activities.

Introduction and Overview Chapter 1
x x Chapter 1 10630.5
Each plan shall include a simple description of the supplier’s plan including water availability, future requirements, a strategy for meeting needs, and other pertinent information. Additionally, a supplier may also choose to include a simple description at the beginning of each chapter.

Summary Section 1.6
x x Section 2.2 10620(b)
Every person that becomes an urban water supplier shall adopt an urban water management plan within one year after it has become an urban water supplier.

Plan Preparation Section 2.4 and Table 2-1
x x Section 2.6 10620(d)(2)
Coordinate the preparation of its plan with other appropriate agencies in the area, including other water suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies, to the extent practicable.

Plan Preparation Section 2.5 and Table 2-4
x x Section 2.6.2 10642
Provide supporting documentation that the water supplier has encouraged active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of the plan and contingency plan.

Plan Preparation Section 2.5
x Section 2.6, Section 6.1 10631(h)
Retail suppliers will include documentation that they have provided their wholesale supplier(s) - if any - with water use projections from that source. System Supplies Section 2.5.1 x Section 2.6 10631(h)
Wholesale suppliers will include documentation that they have provided their urban water suppliers with identification and quantification of the existing and planned sources of water available from the wholesale to the urban supplier during various water year types.

System Supplies N/A
xx
Section 3.1 10631(a) Describe the water supplier service area. System Description Chapter 3 xx
Section 3.3 10631(a) Describe the climate of the service area of the supplier. System Description Section 3.3 x x Section 3.4 10631(a) Provide population projections for 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040 and optionally 2045. System Description Section 3.4 and Table 3-1

California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Retail Wholesale 2020 Guidebook Location Water Code Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject 2020 UWMP
Location (Optional
Column for Agency
Review
Use)
xx
Section 3.4.2 10631(a)
Describe other social, economic, and demographic factors affecting the supplier’s water management planning.

System Description Section 3.4 and Table 3-2
xx
Sections 3.4 and

5.4 10631(a) Indicate the current population of the service area. System Description and Baselines and Targets Setion 3.4 and Table 3-2 xx
Section 3.5 10631(a) Describe the land uses within the service area. System Description Section 3.5 xx
Section 4.2 10631(d)(1)
Quantify past, current, and projected water use, identifying the uses among water use sectors. System Water Use Section 4.2 and Tables 4-1 to 4-3 x x Section 4.2.4 10631(d)(3)(C) Retail suppliers shall provide data to show the distribution loss standards were met. System Water Use Section 4.2.3xx Section 4.2.6 10631(d)(4)(A)
In projected water use, include estimates of water savings from adopted codes, plans, and other policies or laws.

System Water Use Section 4.2.4 and Tables 4-5 and 4-6
xx
Section 4.2.6 10631(d)(4)(B)
Provide citations of codes, standards, ordinances, or plans used to make water use projections. System Water Use Section 4.2.4 x optional Section 4.3.2.4 10631(d)(3)(A) Report the distribution system water loss for each of the 5 years preceding the plan update. System Water Use Section 4.2.3 and Table 4-4x optional Section 4.4 10631.1(a)
Include projected water use needed for lower income housing projected in the service area of the supplier.

System Water Use Section 4.2.5 and Table 4-7
xx
Section 4.5 10635(b)
Demands under climate change considerations must be included as part of the drought risk assessment.

System Water Use Section 7.5.1
x Chapter 5 10608.20(e)
Retail suppliers shall provide baseline daily per capita water use, urban water use target, interim urban water use target, and compliance daily per capita water use, along with the bases for determining those estimates, including references to supporting data.

Baselines and Targets Chapter 5
x Chapter 5 10608.24(a) Retail suppliers shall meet their water use target by December 31, 2020. Baselines and Targets Section 5.5 and Table 5-2 x Section 5.1 10608.36
Wholesale suppliers shall include an assessment of present and proposed future measures, programs, and policies to help their retail water suppliers achieve targeted water use reductions.

Baselines and Targets N/A

California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Retail Wholesale 2020 Guidebook Location Water Code Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject 2020 UWMP
Location (Optional
Column for Agency
Review
Use)
x Section 5.2 10608.24(d)(2)
If the retail supplier adjusts its compliance GPCD using weather normalization, economic adjustment, or extraordinary events, it shall provide the basis for, and data supporting the adjustment.

Baselines and Targets Section 5.4
x Section 5.5 10608.22
Retail suppliers’ per capita daily water use reduction shall be no less than 5 percent of base daily per capita water use of the 5-year baseline. This does not apply if the suppliers base GPCD is at or below 100.

Baselines and Targets Section 5.4
x Section 5.5 and Appendix E 10608.4
Retail suppliers shall report on their compliance in meeting their water use targets. The data shall be reported using a standardized form in the SBX7-7 2020 Compliance Form.

Baselines and Targets Section 5.5
xx
Sections 6.1 and

6.2 10631(b)(1)
Provide a discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal, single dry year, and a drought lasting five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of drought.

System Supplies Chapter 7
x x Sections 6.1 10631(b)(1)
Provide a discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal, single dry year, and a drought lasting five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of drought, including changes in supply due to climate change.

System Supplies Section 7.1.3
x x Section 6.1 10631(b)(2)
When multiple sources of water supply are identified, describe the management of each supply in relationship to other identified supplies. System Supplies Section 6.9 and Table 6-9 x x Section 6.1.1 10631(b)(3) Describe measures taken to acquire and develop planned sources of water. System Supplies Section 6.8xx Section 6.2.8 10631(b)
Identify and quantify the existing and planned sources of water available for 2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040 and optionally 2045.

System Supplies Section 6.9
x x Section 6.2 10631(b)
Indicate whether groundwater is an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier. System Supplies Section 6.2 x x Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(A)
Indicate whether a groundwater sustainability plan or groundwater management plan has been adopted by the water supplier or if there is any other specific authorization for groundwater management. Include a copy of the plan or authorization.

System Supplies Section 6.2

California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Retail Wholesale 2020 Guidebook Location Water Code Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject 2020 UWMP
Location (Optional
Column for Agency
Review
Use)
xx
Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B) Describe the groundwater basin. System Supplies Section 6.2.1 x x Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B)
Indicate if the basin has been adjudicated and include a copy of the court order or decree and a description of the amount of water the supplier has the legal right to pump.

System Supplies Section 6.2
x x Section 6.2.2.1 10631(b)(4)(B)
For unadjudicated basins, indicate whether or not the department has identified the basin as a high or medium priority. Describe efforts by the supplier to coordinate with sustainability or groundwater agencies to achieve sustainable groundwater conditions.

System Supplies Section 6.2
x x Section 6.2.2.4 10631(b)(4)(C)
Provide a detailed description and analysis of the location, amount, and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the urban water supplier for the past five years.

System Supplies Section 6.2.5 and Table 6-1
xx
Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(D)
Provide a detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped.

System Supplies Section 6.9
xx
Section 6.2.7 10631(c)
Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short-term or long- term basis.

System Supplies Section 6.7
x x Section 6.2.5 10633(b)
Describe the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is otherwise available for use in a recycled water project.

System Supplies (Recycled Water)
Section 6.5.2 and Tables 6-4 and 6-5
xx
Section 6.2.5 10633(c)
Describe the recycled water currently being used in the supplier's service area.

System Supplies (RecycledWater)
Section 6.5.3 and Table 6-5
x x Section 6.2.5 10633(d)
Describe and quantify the potential uses of recycled water and provide a determination of the technical and economic feasibility of those uses.

System Supplies (Recycled Water) Section 6.5.3
x x Section 6.2.5 10633(e)
Describe the projected use of recycled water within the supplier's service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected.

System Supplies (Recycled Water)
Section 6.5.3 and Table 6-4
x x Section 6.2.5 10633(f)
Describe the actions which may be taken to encourage the use of recycled water and the projected results of these actions in terms of acrefeet of recycled water used per year.

System Supplies (Recycled Water) Section 6.5.3

California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Retail Wholesale 2020 Guidebook Location Water Code Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject 2020 UWMP
Location (Optional
Column for Agency
Review
Use)
xx
Section 6.2.5 10633(g)
Provide a plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the supplier's service area.

System Supplies (RecycledWater)
Section 6.5.3 and Table 6-6
x x Section 6.2.6 10631(g) Describe desalinated water project opportunities for long-term supply. System Supplies Section 6.6x x Section 6.2.5 10633(a) Describe the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the supplier’s service area with quantified amount of collection and treatment and the disposal methods.

System Supplies (Recycled Water)
Section 6.5.2 and Table 6-3
xx Section 6.2.8, Section 6.3.7 10631(f)
Describe the expected future water supply projects and programs that may be undertaken by the water supplier to address water supply reliability in average, single-dry, and for a period of drought lasting 5 consecutive water years.

System Supplies Section 6.8 and Table 6-7
xx
Section 6.4 and Appendix
O 10631.2(a)
The UWMP must include energy information, as stated in the code, that a supplier can readily obtain.

System Suppliers, EnergyIntensity
Section 6.11 and Table 6-10
x x Section 7.2 10634
Provide information on the quality of existing sources of water available to the supplier and the manner in which water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability.

Water Supply Reliability Assessment Section 7.1.2
x x Section 7.2.4 10620(f)
Describe water management tools and options to maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions.

Water Supply Reliability Assessment Section 7.4
x x Section 7.3 10635(a)
Service Reliability Assessment: Assess the water supply reliability during normal, dry, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years by comparing the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water use over the next 20 years.

Water Supply Reliability Assessment
Section 7.2 and Tables 7-2 to 7-4
x x Section 7.3 10635(b)
Provide a drought risk assessment as part of information considered in developing the demand management measuresand water supply projects.

Water Supply Reliability Assessment Section 7.5
x x Section 7.3 10635(b)(1)
Include a description of the data, methodology, and basis for one or more supply shortage conditions that are necessary to conduct a drought risk assessment for a drought period that lasts 5 consecutive years.

Water Supply Reliability Assessment Section 7.5
xx
Section 7.3 10635(b)(2)
Include a determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions.

Water Supply Reliability Assessment Section 7.5

California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Retail Wholesale 2020 Guidebook Location Water Code Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject 2020 UWMP
Location (Optional
Column for Agency
Review
Use)
x x Section 7.3 10635(b)(3)
Include a comparison of the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water use for the drought period.

Water Supply Reliability Assessment
Section 7.5 and Table 7-5
x x Section 7.3 10635(b)(4)
Include considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.

Water Supply Reliability Assessment Section 7.5
xx
Chapter 8 10632(a)
Provide a water shortage contingency plan (WSCP) with specified elements below.

Water Shortage ContingencyPlanning
Appendix G
xx
Chapter 8 10632(a)(1)
Provide the analysis of water supply reliability (from Chapter 7 of Guidebook) in the WSCP.

Water Shortage ContingencyPlanning
Appendix G
x x Section 8.10 10632(a)(10)
Describe reevaluation and improvement procedures for monitoring and evaluation the water shortage contingency plan to ensure risk tolerance is adequate and appropriate water shortage mitigation strategies are implemented.

Water Shortage Contingency Planning Appendix G
x x Section 8.2 10632(a)(2)(A)
Provide the written decision- making process and other methods that the supplier will use each year to determine its water reliability.

Water Shortage Contingency Planning Appendix G
x x Section 8.2 10632(a)(2)(B)
Provide data and methodology to evaluate the supplier’s water reliability for the current year and one dry year pursuant to factors in the code.

Water Shortage Contingency Planning Appendix G
x x Section 8.3 10632(a)(3)(A)
Define six standard water shortage levels of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 percent shortage and greater than 50 percent shortage. These levels shall be based on supply conditions, including percent reductions in supply, changes in groundwater levels, changes in surface elevation, or other conditions. The shortage levels shall also apply to a catastrophic interruption of supply.

Water Shortage Contingency Planning Appendix G
x x Section 8.3 10632(a)(3)(B)
Suppliers with an existing water shortage contingency plan that uses different water shortage levels must cross reference their categories with the six standard categories.

Water Shortage Contingency Planning Appendix G
x x Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(A)
Suppliers with water shortage contingency plans that align with the defined shortage levels must specify locally appropriate supply augmentation actions.

Water Shortage Contingency Planning Appendix G

California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Retail Wholesale 2020 Guidebook Location Water Code Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject 2020 UWMP
Location (Optional
Column for Agency
Review
Use)
xx
Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(B)
Specify locally appropriate demand reduction actions to adequately respond to shortages.

Water Shortage ContingencyPlanning
Appendix G
xx
Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(C)
Specify locally appropriate operational changes. Water Shortage ContingencyPlanning
Appendix G
x x Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(D)
Specify additional mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices that are in addition to state-mandated prohibitions are appropriate to local conditions.

Water Shortage Contingency Planning Appendix G
xx
Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(E)
Estimate the extent to which the gap between supplies and demand will be reduced by implementation of the action.

Water Shortage ContingencyPlanning
Appendix G
xx
Section 8.4.6 10632.5 The plan shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan. Water Shortage Contingency Plan Appendix G xx
Section 8.5 10632(a)(5)(A)
Suppliers must describe that they will inform customers, the public and others regarding any current or predicted water shortages.

Water Shortage ContingencyPlanning
Appendix G
xx
Section 8.5 and

8.6 10632(a)(5)(B)
10632(a)(5)(C)
Suppliers must describe that they will inform customers, the public and others regarding any shortage response actions triggered or anticipated to be triggered and other relevant communications.

Water Shortage Contingency Planning Appendix G
x
Section 8.6 10632(a)(6)
Retail supplier must describe how it will ensure compliance with and enforce provisions of the WSCP.

Water Shortage ContingencyPlanning
Appendix G
xx
Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(A) Describe the legal authority that empowers the supplier to enforce shortage response actions. Water Shortage Contingency Planning Appendix G xx
Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(B)
Provide a statement that the supplier will declare a water shortage emergency Water Code Chapter 3.

Water Shortage ContingencyPlanning
Appendix G
x x Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(C)
Provide a statement that the supplier will coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water for the possible proclamation of a local emergency.

Water Shortage Contingency Planning Appendix G
xx
Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(A)
Describe the potential revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions.

Water Shortage ContingencyPlanning
Appendix G
x x Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(B)
Provide a description of mitigation actions needed to address revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions.

Water Shortage Contingency Planning Appendix G

California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Retail Wholesale 2020 Guidebook Location Water Code Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject 2020 UWMP
Location (Optional
Column for Agency
Review
Use)
x Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(C)
Retail suppliers must describe the cost of compliance with Water Code Chapter 3.3: Excessive Residential Water Use During Drought.

Water Shortage Contingency Planning Appendix G
x Section 8.9 10632(a)(9)
Retail suppliers must describe the monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data is collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance.

Water Shortage Contingency Planning Appendix G
x Section 8.11 10632(b)
Analyze and define water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas.

Water Shortage Contingency Planning Appendix G
xx
Sections 8.12 and

10.4 10635(c)
Provide supporting documentation that Water Shortage Contingency Plan has been, or will be, provided to any city or county within which it provides water, no later than 30 days after the submission of the plan to DWR.

Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
Section 10.3
x x Section 8.14 10632(c)
Make available the Water Shortage Contingency Plan to customers and any city or county where it provides water within 30 after adopted the plan.

Water Shortage Contingency Planning Section 10.4
x
Sections 9.1 and

9.3 10631(e)(2)
Wholesale suppliers shall describe specific demand management measures listed in code, their distribution system asset management program, and supplier assistance program.

Demand Management Measures N/A
x
Sections 9.2 and

9.3 10631(e)(1)
Retail suppliers shall provide a description of the nature and extent of each demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The description will address specific measures listed in code.

Demand Management Measures Chapter 9
x Chapter 10 10608.26(a)
Retail suppliers shall conduct a public hearing to discuss adoption, implementation, and economic impact of water use targets (recommended to discuss compliance).

Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
Section 10.3
x x Section 10.2.1 10621(b)
Notify, at least 60 days prior to the public hearing, any city or county within which the supplier provides water that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes to the plan. Reported in Table 10-1.

Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
Section 10.2

California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Retail Wholesale 2020 Guidebook Location Water Code Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject 2020 UWMP
Location (Optional
Column for Agency
Review
Use)
x x Section 10.4 10621(f)
Each urban water supplier shall update and submit its 2020 plan to the department by July 1, 2021.

Plan Adoption, Submittal, andImplementation
Section 10.4
xx Sections 10.2.2, 10.3, and 10.5 10642
Provide supporting documentation that the urban water supplier made the plan and contingency plan available for public inspection, published notice of the public hearing, and held a public hearing about the plan and contingency plan.

Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
Chapter 10
xx
Section 10.2.2 10642
The water supplier is to provide the time and place of the hearing to any city or county within which the supplier provides water.

Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
Section 10.2.1
xx
Section 10.3.2 10642
Provide supporting documentation that the plan and contingency plan has been adopted as prepared or modified.

Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
Section 10.3
xx
Section 10.4 10644(a)
Provide supporting documentation that the urban water supplier has submitted this UWMP to the California State Library.

Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
Section 10.4
x x Section 10.4 10644(a)(1)
Provide supporting documentation that the urban water supplier has submitted this UWMP to any city or county within which the supplierprovides water no later than 30 days after adoption.

Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
Section 10.4
xx
Sections 10.4.1
and 10.4.2 10644(a)(2)
The plan, or amendments to the plan, submitted to the department shall be submitted electronically.

Plan Adoption, Submittal, andImplementation
Section 10.4
x x Section 10.5 10645(a)
Provide supporting documentation that, not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its plan with the department, the supplier has or will make the plan available for public review during normal business hours.

Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
Section 10.5
x x Section 10.5 10645(b)
Provide supporting documentation that, not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its water shortage contingency plan with the department, the supplier has or will make the plan available for public review during normal business hours.

Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
Section 10.5
x x Section 10.6 10621(c)
If supplier is regulated by the Public Utilities Commission, include its plan and contingencyplan as part of its general rate case filings.

Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
Section 10.6
xx
Section 10.7.2 10644(b)
If revised, submit a copy of the water shortage contingency plan to DWR within 30 days ofadoption.

Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
Section 10.7

California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
June 2021
Printed 6/24/2021
Page B-1
EKI Environment & Water, Inc.

M.Cubed
Gary Fiske and Associates
Appendix B: Correspondence
• UWMP Notice of Preparation
• District Mailing List
• Growth Projection and Land Use Letter
• UWMP and WSCP Public Draft Comments
Note: There were no public comments received on the UWMP or WSCP Public Draft.

Notice of Preparation of Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan - 2020 Update
The Urban Water Management Planning Act (California Water Code §10608–10656) requires that California Water Service (Cal Water) update its Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) and associated Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) every 5 years.

Cal Water is currently reviewing its existing UWMP and associated WSCP, which were updated in 2016, and considering revisions for each plan. Coordination with other water suppliers, cities, counties, and community organizations in the region is an important part of the preparation of Cal Water’s UWMP and WSCP. We are available to discuss the assumptions used in the development of the plans including available water supply, water demands, land use, as well as other aspects of the plans.

A draft of the 2020 UWMP and WSCP will be made available for public review and a public hearing will be scheduled in Spring 2021. We will notify you when the draft is available for review, how to access it, and details regarding the public hearing.

The updated UWMP and WSCP are due by July 1, 2021. If you would like more information regarding our 2015 UWMP and WSCP and the schedule for updating these documents, or if you would like to participate in the preparation of the 2020 UWMP and WSCP, please contact:

Michael Bolzowski
Senior Engineer
California Water Service
Phone: (408) 367-8338
Email: [email protected]
Nathan Garza
Natural Resource Conservation Manager
City of Visalia
[email protected]
Dennis Townsend
Supervisor
Tulare County Board of Supervisors
[email protected]
Reed Schenke
Resource Management Agency Director
County of Tulare
[email protected]
Eddie Valero
Board Vice Chair
Tulare County Board of Supervisors
[email protected]
Don Mills
Chair
Greater Kaweah Groundwater Sustainability
Agency
[email protected]
Pete Vander Poel
Supervisor
Tulare County Board of Supervisors
[email protected]
Larry  Dotson
Senior Engineer
Kaweah Delta Water Conservation District
[email protected]
Greg Collins
Council Member
City of Visalia
[email protected]
Aaron Fukuda
Interim General Manager
Mid‐Kaweah Groundwater Sustainability Agency
[email protected]
Phillip Cox
Vice Mayor
City of Visalia
[email protected]
Jason Britt
County Administrative Officer
Tulare County
[email protected]
Randy Groom
City Manager/Clerk
City of Visalia
[email protected]
Roland Hill
County Clerk
Tulare County
[email protected]
Steven Nelsen
Mayor
City of Visalia
[email protected]
Larry Micari
Supervisor
Tulare County Board of Supervisors
[email protected]
Brian Poochigian
Council Member
City of Visalia
[email protected]
Amy Shuklian
Board Chair
Tulare County Board of Supervisors
[email protected]
Brett Taylor
Council Member
City of Visalia
[email protected]
1 Bolzowski, Michael R.

From: Hurley, Michael
Sent: Tuesday, May 4, 2021 11:06 PM
To: Leslie Caviglia
Cc: McCusker, Kevin; Johnson, Stephen
Subject: Cal Water's 2020 Draft UWMP for its Visalia District Attachments: Visalia (ACM) - Cal Water UWMP.pdf
Dear Ms. Caviglia,
California Water Service (Cal Water) is currently updating its Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) and Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) to reflect water service conditions in the Visalia District. The Visalia District serves portions of the City of Visalia and segments of unincorporated Tulare County, including the Mullen, Tulco, and Goshen public water systems.

The State requires all urban water suppliers that provide water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supply more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually to prepare an UWMP and WSCP at least once every five years. These documents support Cal Water’s long-term resource planning to ensure that adequate water supplies are available to meet existing and future water demands under defined conditions.

Cal Water's estimates of future water demands are based on demographic projections and current and projected land use forecasts. For the Visalia District, Cal Water's water demand forecast is tied to Census Block population counts from decadal Census data. The decadal Census estimates are converted to average population per single- and multi-family service, which are applied to service counts for years between the decadal Censuses. Projected population is based on population and employment forecasts for Tulare County generated by the California Department of Transportation’s (Caltrans) long-term socio-economic forecast model.

The UWMP also incorporates water supply assessments (WSA) for projects in or near the Visalia District into the demand forecast. As additional large-scale projects and/or specified land use planning processes arise (e.g., general plans, specific plans), additional WSAs will be developed to consider their impacts on available supplies.

We have attached the current public review draft of the UWMP, and incorporated WSCP for your review. Please share this with others in your organization that may be interested in the information.

Cal Water is available to discuss the assumptions used in the development of the UWMP for the Visalia District, including available supply, water demands, land use, as well as any other aspects of the plan.

Should you have any questions or comments, please contact Michael Bolzowski at [email protected].

Sincerely,
Michael Hurley

WATER RESOURCES MANAGER
1 Bolzowski, Michael R.

From: Hurley, Michael
Sent: Tuesday, May 4, 2021 10:53 PM
To: [email protected]
Cc: McCusker, Kevin; Johnson, Stephen
Subject: RE: Cal Water's 2020 Draft UWMP for its Visalia District Attachments: Visalia (CAO) - Cal Water UWMP.pdf
Dear Mr. Britt,
The attachment with the previous email did not include the draft UWMP. The full attachment is included above.

Sorry for any inconvenience.

Sincerely,
Michael Hurley

WATER RESOURCES MANAGER

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE
(323) 430-0250
Quality. Service. Value.
calwater.com
From: Hurley, Michael
Sent: Tuesday, May 4, 2021 10:30 PM
To: [email protected]
Cc: McCusker, Kevin <[email protected]>; Johnson, Stephen <[email protected]> Subject: Cal Water's 2020 Draft UWMP for its Visalia District Dear Mr. Britt,
California Water Service (Cal Water) is currently updating its Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) and Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) to reflect water service conditions in the Visalia District. The Visalia District serves portions of the City of Visalia and segments of unincorporated Tulare County, including the Mullen, Tulco, and Goshen public water systems.

The State requires all urban water suppliers that provide water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supply more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually to prepare an UWMP and WSCP at least once every five years. These documents support Cal Water’s long-term resource planning to ensure that adequate water supplies are available to meet existing and future water demands under defined conditions.

Cal Water's estimates of future water demands are based on demographic projections and current and projected land use forecasts. For the Visalia District, Cal Water's water demand forecast is tied to 2 Census Block population counts from decadal Census data. The decadal Census estimates are converted to average population per single- and multi-family service, which are applied to service counts for years between the decadal Censuses. Projected population is based on population and employment forecasts for Tulare County generated by the California Department of Transportation’s (Caltrans) long-term socio-economic forecast model.

The UWMP also incorporates water supply assessments (WSA) for projects in or near the Visalia District into the demand forecast. As additional large-scale projects and/or specified land use planning processes arise (e.g., general plans, specific plans), additional WSAs will be developed to consider their impacts on available supplies.

We have attached the current public review draft of the UWMP, and incorporated WSCP for your review. Please share this with others in your organization that may be interested in the information.

Cal Water is available to discuss the assumptions used in the development of the UWMP for the Visalia District, including available supply, water demands, land use, as well as any other aspects of the plan.

Should you have any questions or comments, please contact Michael Bolzowski at [email protected].

Sincerely,
Michael Hurley

WATER RESOURCES MANAGER

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE
(323) 430-0250
Quality. Service. Value.
calwater.com
1 Bolzowski, Michael R.

From: Hurley, Michael
Sent: Tuesday, May 4, 2021 11:00 PM
To: [email protected]
Cc: McCusker, Kevin; Johnson, Stephen
Subject: Cal Water's 2020 Draft UWMP for its Visalia District Attachments: Visalia (CM) - Cal Water UWMP.pdf
Dear Mr. Groom,
California Water Service (Cal Water) is currently updating its Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) and Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) to reflect water service conditions in the Visalia District. The Visalia District serves portions of the City of Visalia and segments of unincorporated Tulare County, including the Mullen, Tulco, and Goshen public water systems.

The State requires all urban water suppliers that provide water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supply more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually to prepare an UWMP and WSCP at least once every five years. These documents support Cal Water’s long-term resource planning to ensure that adequate water supplies are available to meet existing and future water demands under defined conditions.

Cal Water's estimates of future water demands are based on demographic projections and current and projected land use forecasts. For the Visalia District, Cal Water's water demand forecast is tied to Census Block population counts from decadal Census data. The decadal Census estimates are converted to average population per single- and multi-family service, which are applied to service counts for years between the decadal Censuses. Projected population is based on population and employment forecasts for Tulare County generated by the California Department of Transportation’s (Caltrans) long-term socio-economic forecast model.

The UWMP also incorporates water supply assessments (WSA) for projects in or near the Visalia District into the demand forecast. As additional large-scale projects and/or specified land use planning processes arise (e.g., general plans, specific plans), additional WSAs will be developed to consider their impacts on available supplies.

We have attached the current public review draft of the UWMP, and incorporated WSCP for your review. Please share this with others in your organization that may be interested in the information.

Cal Water is available to discuss the assumptions used in the development of the UWMP for the Visalia District, including available supply, water demands, land use, as well as any other aspects of the plan.

Should you have any questions or comments, please contact Michael Bolzowski at [email protected].

Sincerely,
Michael Hurley

WATER RESOURCES MANAGER
California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
June 2021
Printed 6/24/2021
Page C-1
EKI Environment & Water, Inc.

M.Cubed
Gary Fiske and Associates
Appendix C: Public Meeting Notice
• Public Meeting Notice of Intent
• Proof of Publication
• Public Meeting Presentation
Good afternoon!
We hope that this note finds you well.

We wanted to provide you with an update on the preparation of our updated Urban Water Management Plans and Water Shortage Contingency Plans.

These plans are a critical component of the steps we take to ensure there are sufficient water supplies to meet the current and future water needs of our customers, and we look forward to working with you on this important project.

Please let us know if you have any questions or need any additional information.

Cal Water Community Affairs
Urban Water Management Plan and
Water Shortage Contingency Plan - 2020 Update
As a defined urban water supplier, California Water Service (Cal Water) is preparing an update to its Urban Water Management Plans (UWMP) and Water Shortage Contingency Plans (WSCP) that will address the water service conditions in our service areas. These documents support a water supplier’s long-term resource planning to ensure that adequate water supplies are available to meet existing and future water demands under defined conditions. It is Cal Water’s intent to adopt the UWMPs, and the incorporated WSCPs, and file the plans as required with the Department of Water Resources, the California State Library, and any city or county within which Cal Water provides service no later than 30 days after adoption.

Schedule of upcoming actions:

After a public review period, a public meeting to receive comments on the Draft UWMP and WSCP will be held. As the information becomes available for each service area, the electronic copy of the UWMP, WSCP, and information on the public meeting, including a link to participate, will be available at the following internet address:
https://www.calwater.com/conservation/uwmp-review/
If you are unable to attend the scheduled public meeting but want to provide comments regarding the proposed UWMP or WSCP, you may send your comments via email to [email protected].

California Water Service
1720 North 1st Street - San Jose, CA 95112
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NOTICE OF INTENT TO

ADOPT AN URBAN WATER

MANAGEMENT PLAN AND

WATER SHORTAGE

CONTINGENCY PLAN

AND HOLD A PUBLIC

MEETING

TO RECEIVE COMMENTS ON

THE PROPOSED PLANS

CALIFORNIA WATER
SERVICE – VISALIA

DISTRICT
California Water Code (CWC)
sections 10610 through 10656,
known as the "Urban Water
Management Planning Act"
(Act), require all urban water
suppliers that provide water for
municipal purposes either
directly or indirectly to more
than 3,000 customers or supply
more than 3,000 acre-feet of
water annually to prepare an
Urban Water Management Plan
(UWMP) at least once every
five years.

UWMPs support a water
supplier's long-term resource
planning to ensure that
adequate water supplies are
available to meet existing and
future water demands under
defined conditions. The UWMP must describe and evaluate sources of supply, reasonable and practical efficient uses, reclamation, and demand management activities. The components of the plan may vary according to an individual community or area's characteristics and its capabilities to efficiently use and conserve water. The UWMP must also address measures for residential, commercial, governmental, and industrial water demand management.

Further, Section 10632 of the CWC requires that every urban water supplier shall prepare and adopt a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) as part of its plan (UWMP). Section 10632.2 provides that,
"An urban water supplier shall
follow, where feasible and
appropriate, the prescribed
procedures and implement
determined shortage response
actions in its water shortage
contingency plan...or
reasonable alternative actions,
provided that descriptions of the
alternative actions are
submitted with the annual water
shortage assessment report
pursuant to Section 10632.1."
The WSCP will be incorporated as an appendix of the UWMP.

One of Cal Water's service areas is the Visalia District, which is located in Tulare
County. The Visalia District
serves portions of the City of
Visalia and segments of
unincorporated Tulare County,
including the Mullen, Tulco, and
Goshen public water systems.

As a defined urban water
supplier, Cal Water is preparing
an update to its UWMP that will
address the water service
conditions in the Visalia District.

It is Cal Water's intent to adopt
that UWMP, and the
incorporated WSCP, and file
that plan as required with the
Department of Water
Resources, the California State
Library, and any city or county
within which Cal Water provides
service no later than 30 days
after adoption.

Schedule of upcoming
actions:

On or about May 3, 2021, an
electronic copy of the Draft
2020 UWMP and WSCP will be
available for review. After a
public review period, a public
meeting to receive comments
on the Draft UWMP and WSCP
Plan for the Visalia District will
be held online on May 18, 2021,
at 7:00 p.m. The electronic copy
of the UWMP, WSCP, and additional information on the public meeting, including a link to participate, is available at the following internet address:
https://www.calwater.com/conse rvation/uwmp-review/
If you are unable to attend the scheduled public meeting but want to provide comments regarding the proposed UWMP or WSCP, you may send your comments via email to [email protected]. Cal Water will receive comments on the Draft 2021 UWMP and WSCP from May 3 through May 25, 2021.

Please share this notice with others that may have interest in this matter. 5/4, 5/11/21 CNS-3466838#

VISALIA TIMES-DELTA
Quality. Service. Value. 1
Visalia District
2020 Urban Water Management Plan
2020 Water Shortage Contingency Plan
California Water Service
May 18, 2021
Quality. Service. Value.

Quality. Service. Value. 2
Meeting Agenda
• Purpose and objectives
• Introduce California Water Service (CWS) staff and consultants • Presentation of the 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) • Presentation of 2020 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) • Drought update
• Public comments and questions
Quality. Service. Value. 3
2020 UWMP Update: Public Outreach
• Preliminary information sent to relevant entities in February 2021 • Second notice sent to relevant entities in May 2021
• Two notices posted in local newspaper
• Draft 2020 UWMP and WSCP available for review at
https://www.calwater.com/conservation/uwmp-review/
• Public hearing
Quality. Service. Value. 4
Urban Water Management Planning Act
• California Water Code Part 2.6 Chapters 1-4 (Sections 10610-10656) • Threshold: Utilities with 3,000+ services or 3,000+ acre-feet per year (AFY) water sales
• At least a 20-year planning horizon
• Must be updated every 5 years
• Must be submitted by July 1, 2021
• Supports long-term water resource planning to ensure adequate supplies
• Basis for SB-610 Water Supply Assessments
Quality. Service. Value. 5
UWMP Elements
• Service area description
• Population forecast
• Supply and demand projections through 2045 in normal, single dry and multiple dry years
• Water supply reliability
• Conservation/Demand Management Measures
• Climate change
• WSCP
Quality. Service. Value.
6 District Overview
• Serving Visalia District since 1926 • Three separate Public Water Systems
• Uses groundwater produced by 59 wells • Distribution system includes over 600 miles of pipeline • Visalia PWS comprises majority of district demand Quality. Service. Value.
7 • Groundwater pumped from the following basins – Kaweah Subbasin – Tule Subbasin • (0.1% of total District pumping) • No current or projected use of recycled water or other
supply sources
Water Supply Sources
Quality. Service. Value. 8
Distribution of Services/Demand
Types of Services Demand
Quality. Service. Value. 9
Demand Projection Methodology
• Forecast horizon is beyond 25 years required by UWMP
• Generates normal-, wet-, and dry-year demand forecasts • Directly considers impacts of climate change
• Demand model uses historical data on services, sales, production, population, and proposed conservation measures
• Regional Growth Forecast: housing and employment growth forecasts based on county-level forecasts prepared by Caltrans Quality. Service. Value. 10
Population & Account Projections
Historical and Projected Population Historical and Projected Services Average Demand Per Service
Quality. Service. Value. 11
Demands for Potable Water - Projected
• 2045 demand
projected to be
44,529 acre-feet
per year
• 57% increase
relative to 2020
demands
44,529
Quality. Service. Value. 12
SB X7-7 (20% by 2020)
• Goal is to reduce per capita
urban water use below
baseline by:
– 10% by Dec. 31, 2015
– 20% by Dec. 31, 2020
• Visalia District met its 2020
Target
183
100
150
200
250
300
350
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

GALLONS PER CAPITA PER DAY
SB X7-7 2020 Compliance

PER CAPITA WATER USE

BASELINE
2020 TARGET = 234
Quality. Service. Value. 13
• Supply sufficiency analysis is
based on the fact that Municipal
& Industrial (M&I) demands are
relatively minor within the basins
and are subject to certain legal
protections
• Supply is projected to be
sufficient to meet projected
demand under normal, single dry,
and multiple dry year conditions
• Any unexpected shortages will be
addressed by the WSCP
Supply Sufficiency
0 5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

WATER SUPPLY OR DEMAND (AF)
Normal Year Supply vs. Demand

SUPPLY TOTAL PROJECTED DEMAND
Quality. Service. Value. 14
Local Topics – Visalia District
• Implementation of Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) is in early stages and may impact future supply reliability – The Kaweah and Tule subbasins are not adjudicated; however, DWR determined that both subbasins are in a condition of “critical overdraft” – The final Groundwater Sustainability Plans (GSPs) for the Mid-Kaweah GSA, the Greater Kaweah GSA, and the Eastern Tule GSA are available on the DWR SGMA Portal website
– GSPs discuss potential groundwater allocation programs, but impacts to Cal Water remain unknown
• Cal Water is actively engaging in SGMA implementation and will incorporate any impacts into ongoing supply planning
Quality. Service. Value. 15
Water Shortage Contingency Plan Elements
• Comprehensive drought response plan
– Annual assessment of water supply reliability
– Six standard shortage stages
(10% to >50%)
– Shortage response actions
– Communication protocols
– Monitoring, enforcement, and reporting
• Quantitatively assessed using Drought
Response Tool
Quality. Service. Value. 16
Drought Update
• Governor has issued drought emergencies in 41 counties • Cal Water is monitoring drought conditions in all of its service territories
– Established a Drought Response Committee
– Proactively developing conservation messaging
• Cal Water is closely coordinating its drought response with other water agencies and regulatory bodies
• Cal Water will follow protocols outlined in the WSCP as needed – Based on local conditions or state mandates
Quality. Service. Value. 17
Quality. Service. Value.

Questions or Comments
• Draft 2020 UWMP and 2020 WSCP available at
https://www.calwater.com/conservation/uwmp-review/
• Comments on any parts of the UWMP will be accepted
through June 18, 2021
• Send 2020 UWMP and WSCP comments to:
[email protected]
California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
June 2021
Printed 6/24/2021
Page D-1
EKI Environment & Water, Inc.

M.Cubed
Gary Fiske and Associates
Appendix D: Summary of Demand Projection Methodology and Assumptions
1 of 7
Cal Water Long-Term Demand Forecast Model Overview
Forecast Domain
The forecast model generates separate forecasts for each customer class and distribution system. Table 1 lists Cal Water districts and distribution systems. Table 2 lists customer classes.

Forecast Horizon and Time Step
The forecast horizon is 30 years. The forecast has an annual time-step.

Normal, Wet, and Dry Year Forecasts
The forecast model generates normal-, wet-, and dry-year demand forecasts. The normal-year forecast is the default forecast. The wet- and dry-year forecasts can be substituted for the default forecast as necessary for system planning purposes. The model produces two different dry year forecasts: the single dry year forecast and the multiple dry year forecast. The latter represents the expected effect of prolonged drought conditions on unconstrained water demand.1 Relationship to GRC Sales Forecast
The first year of the forecast can be set to the current GRC sales forecast or actual consumption.

Relationship to PAWS
The demand model uses historical data on services, sales, production, and population from Cal Water’s Production Analysis Worksheets (PAWS).

Accounting Rules
The model uses the following accounting rules to ensure forecast consistency:
x Population and conservation savings forecasts are functions of the service forecast. x The sales forecast for a distribution system is the sum of the class-level sales forecasts for the distribution system. The production forecast for a distribution system is the sum of the sales and non-revenue water (NRW) forecasts for the distribution system. x The sales and production forecasts for a district are the sum of the sales and production forecasts for its distribution systems.

Volume Units
Sales and production forecasts are in acre-feet (AF). Average sales and per capita forecasts are in gallons per day.

Per Capita Water Use
The model generates per capita forecasts for water use by single-family customers, water use by multifamily customers, water use by all residential customers, and water use by all district customers. 1 Unconstrained demand is what demand would be in the absence of water use restrictions or policies intended to curtail water use.

Cal Water Long-Term Demand Forecast Model Overview
2 of 7
Service Forecast
The forecast model generates three alternative service forecasts:
x Average Y-Y Change in Services. The model bases the forecast on the historical year-to-year (y-y) change in the number of services. This forecast assumes additive growth. x Average Y-Y % Change in Services. The model bases the forecast on the historical y-y percentage change in services. This forecast assumes exponential growth. x Regional Growth Forecast. The model uses regional housing and employment growth forecasts to project future services. Districts in the Bay Area use census-tract level growth forecasts prepared by the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG). Districts in Southern California use census-tract-level growth forecasts prepared by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). The remaining districts use county-level forecasts prepared by Caltrans.

Regional Forecasts
Table 3 lists the regional forecasts in the model. Table 4 summarizes how the model uses the regional forecasts to project future services.

Service Floors and Ceilings
The forecast can include floors and ceilings on the service growth. The floor (ceiling) is the minimum (maximum) number of services allowed in the forecast.

User-Specified Growth Rates
The model allows user-specified growth rates.

Water Supply Assessments
The user can add to the forecast projected services and water use from Water Supply Assessments prepared for proposed development projects. The user can specify how much of this projected growth in services and water use the model should treat as additive to the baseline forecast.

Population Forecasts
The population projection is a function of the residential service projections to ensure internal consistency. Population in year t is:

𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛௧ = ቂ
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 ቃ
ௌிோ
∙ 𝑆𝐹𝑅𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠௧ + ቂ
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 ቃ
ெிோ
∙ 𝑀𝐹𝑅𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠௧
For multi-family services, the calculation of average persons per service uses the equation below. The model uses county assessor data linked to Cal Water customer data to estimate average dwelling units per parcel and average parcels per service. It uses census data to estimate average persons per dwelling unit.
ቂ
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 ቃ
ெிோ
= 𝐴𝑣𝑔 𝐷𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑙 ∙
𝐴𝑣𝑔 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑠
𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 ∙ 𝐴𝑣𝑔 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠𝐷𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡
Cal Water Long-Term Demand Forecast Model Overview
3 of 7
Sales/Service Forecast
The model generates separate forecasts of sales/service for each customer class and distribution system.

Sales/Service Initialization
The model user sets sales/service for first year of the forecast to either current year water use or the most recent General Rate Case sales forecast. The 2020 UWMP projections start with 2020 actual sales/service.

Sales/Service Adjustments
In each forecast year, the model adjusts the previous year’s sales/service estimate for:

1. Rebound from the 2012-16 drought

2. Passive water savings from plumbing codes and appliance standards

3. Active water savings from Cal Water conservation programs

4. Real changes in the marginal cost of water service

5. Real changes in per capita income
The user can select which adjustments to apply. The 2020 UWMP projections include all the adjustments except the drought rebound adjustment. The 2020 UWMP projections exclude the drought rebound adjustment because analysis of recent consumption trends showed that further rebound from the 2012-2016 drought was unlikely.

A description of each adjustment follows.

Drought Rebound
The model adjusts the sales/service forecast for demand recovery following the 2012-2016 drought. The model makes this adjustment using data on the growth in sales/service between 2016 and 2017. The model assumes some of the savings achieved during the drought will be permanent. The user can set the level of permanent drought savings. The default setting is 20%.

Passive Water Savings
The model uses DWR projections of water savings from plumbing/building codes to forecast passive water savings.2 The model extends the DWR projections, which run through 2040, to 2050.

Active Water Savings
The model uses conservation program savings projections from Cal Water’s 2015 Conservation Master Plans to forecast active water savings.

Price and Income Adjustments
The model adjusts average sales for expected changes in real income and cost of water service. The adjustment equation is:3
2 M.Cubed. 2016. Projected Statewide and County-Level Effects of Plumbing Codes and Appliance Standards on Indoor GPCD. Technical Memorandum prepared by David Mitchell for the California Department of Water Resources. August 30, 2016.
3 The model uses a constant-elasticity-of-demand specification: 𝑄௧ = 𝐴𝑃௧ ఌ𝐼௧ఋ
Cal Water Long-Term Demand Forecast Model Overview
4 of 7
∆𝑄௧ = 𝑄଴ ቆ1− ൬
𝑃௧
𝑃଴
൰
ఌ
൬ 𝐼௧
𝐼଴
൰
ఋ
ቇ
where 𝑄଴ is sales/service in the base year of the forecast, ቀ ௉೟
௉బ
ቁ and ቀ
ூ೟
ூబ
ቁ are the price of water and
income relative to the base year of the forecast, and 𝜀 and 𝛿 are empirically derived estimates of price and income elasticity.

Sales Forecast
The sales forecast is the product of the service and average use per service forecasts.

Non-Revenue Water Forecast
The non-revenue water forecast is a function of the services forecast. The forecast starts with an initial estimate of non-revenue water, expressed in gallons/connection/day. The model decomposes this estimate into real and apparent loss. The model assumes future apparent loss is equal to the average apparent loss for the five year before the start of the forecast. In the case of real loss, the model assumes Cal Water’s loss management program will reduce real losses over time. The amount of reduction depends on the staring estimate of real loss. If this estimate is 10 gallons/connection/day or less, the model assumes no further reduction. Otherwise, the model assumes real losses (in gallons/connection/day) will decrease until they are equal to 75% of the average real loss for the five years before the start of the forecast or the State Water Board draft real water loss standard for the distribution system, whichever is greater.4 The model assumes the reduction in real loss will occur between 2020 and 2030.

Production Forecast
The production forecast is the sum of the sales and NRW forecasts.

Normal, Wet, Single Dry, and Multiple Dry Year Projections The model generates normal, wet, single dry, and multiple dry year forecasts of sales and production.

The model bases these forecasts on empirically derived relationships between monthly water sales, rainfall, and air temperature estimated for each Cal Water district.5 x Wet year – minus one standard deviation weather effect on sales and production x Single dry year – plus one standard deviation weather effect on sales and production x Multiple dry year – plus 1.6 standard deviations weather effect on sales and production In the case of the dry year forecasts, the model is forecasting demand in the absence of drought water use restrictions or other policies that would limit water use in dry years. 4 The State Water Board did not develop a draft water loss standard for every Cal Water distribution system. For those without a draft standard, the model assumes real losses will decrease until they are equal to 75% of the average real loss for the five year before the start of the forecast. 5 A&N Technical Services, Cal Water Long Term Water Demand Forecast Model, December 2014.

Cal Water Long-Term Demand Forecast Model Overview
5 of 7
Table 1. Long-Term Demand Model Districts and Systems
Label District-System Notes
AV Antelope Valley District
AV-FMT Fremont System
AV-LAN Lancaster System
AV-LKH Lake Hughes System
AV-LVY Leona Valley System
BG Bear Gulch District No sub-systems in district
BK Bakersfield District
BK-BK Bakersfield System
BK-NG North Garden System
CH Chico District
CH-CH Chico System
CH-HAM Hamilton City System
DIX Dixon District No sub-systems in district
DOM Dominguez District No sub-systems in district
ELA East Los Angeles District No sub-systems in district HAW Hawthorne District No sub-systems in district
HR Hermosa-Redondo District No sub-systems in district
KC King City District No sub-systems in district
KRV Kern River Valley District
KRV-BDFLO Lower Bodfish System
KRV-BDFUP Upper Bodfish System

KRV-KNVARD
Kernville & Arden System Includes KNV, KRVArdenWaterCo, COUN, MSH, POND
KRV-LKL Lakeland System
KRV-ONX Onyx System
KRV-SLK South Lake System Includes SQM
KRV-SPM Split Mountain System
LAS Los Altos District No sub-systems in district
LIV Livermore District No sub-systems in district
Cal Water Long-Term Demand Forecast Model Overview
6 of 7
Label District-System Notes
MPS Mid-Peninsula District
MPS-SM San Mateo System
MPS-SC San Carlos System
MRL Marysville District No sub-systems in district
ORO Oroville District No sub-systems in district
PV Palos Verdes District No sub-systems in district
RDV Redwood Valley District
RDV-ARM Armstrong System
RDV-CSP Coast Springs System
RDV-HKN Hawkins Water System
RDV-LUC Lucerne System
RDV-NOH Noel Heights System
RDV-RPD Rancho del Paradiso System
SEL Selma District No sub-systems in district
SLN Salinas District
SLN-SLN Salinas System Includes Bolsa Knolls, Country Meadows SLN-SLNH Salinas Hills System Includes Buena Vista, Indian Springs SLN-OH Oak Hill System
SLN-LL Las Lomas System
SSF South San Francisco District No sub-systems in district STK Stockton District No sub-systems in district
VIS Visalia District No sub-systems in district
WIL Willows District No sub-systems in district
WLK Westlake District No sub-systems in district
Cal Water Long-Term Demand Forecast Model Overview
7 of 7
Table 2. Long-Term Demand Model Customer Classes
Label Description Revenue Class #
SFR Single-Family Residential 1
FLT Single-Family Flat Rate 4
RES SFR + FLT 1, 4
MFR Multi-Family 15
COM Commercial/Business 2
GOV Government/Public Authority 11
IND Industrial 3
OTH Other/miscellaneous 8,13
IRR Dedicated irrigation customers 7
Table 3. Regional Forecasts used in First Generation Long-term Demand Model Forecasts Regional Forecast Version Range
ABAG Plan Bay Area 2040, GEOID10-level summary 2010 to 2040 SCAG RTP07 GEOID10-level 2010 to 2035
Caltrans 2017 County Forecasts 2010 to 2050
Table 4. Regional Growth Rates used in the Service Growth Forecasts Service Class ABAG SCAG Caltrans
SFR y-y % change in singlefamily dwelling units y-y % change in all residential dwelling
units
y-y % change in singlefamily dwelling units
MFR y-y % change in multifamily dwelling units y-y % change in all residential dwelling
units
y-y % change in multifamily dwelling units
COM y-y % change in total
number of jobs
y-y % change in total
number of jobs
y-y % change in county
employment in retail,
wholesale,
information, financial,
professional, and
leisure sectors
GOV y-y % change in gov’t,
information, and
construction jobs
y-y % change in total
number of jobs
y-y % change in county
employment in federal,
state, local government
and education and
healthcare sectors
IND y-y % change in
manufacturing jobs
y-y % change in total
number of jobs
y-y % change in county
employment in
manufacturing sectors

Historical and Projected Services, Water Sales, and Total Production District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
General Rate Case Sales Baseline 2020
Historical Data Range First Year 2000
Last Year 2020
Forecast Range First Year 2020
Last Year 2050
Service Growth Basis Caltrans Growth Forecasts
Service Growth Rates
Caltrans Historical %Y-Y1
Class Projected 5-Yr 10-Yr 15-Yr 20-Yr
RES2 1.7% 1.6% 1.6% 1.9% 2.5%
MFR 1.5% -0.2% 7.4% 11.3% 8.6%
COM 1.7% 0.8% -1.1% -0.6% -0.2%
GOV 2.2% 3.1% 2.3% 4.2% 7.1%
IND 0.3% -0.4% 0.0% -0.1% 0.2%
TOT 1.6% 1.5% 1.8% 2.4%
Completion Incorporated
Water Supply Assessments WSA Name Date into Forecast (Y/N) 1 2
3 4
5 Sales Forecast Adjustments Drought Rebound OFF
Plumbing Code ON
Active Conservation ON
Price Response ON
Income Response ON
Non-Revenue Water (NRW) Basis Real loss (gal/con/day):
2016-2020 average if <= 10 gal/con/day
Draft Water Board standard or 75% of 2016-2020 average, whichever is greater, by 2030.

Apparent loss (gal/con/day): 2016-2020 average.

1. Account reclassifications can impact historical %Y-Y growth rates for individual customer classes.

2. RES = Metered and unmetered single-family residential customers.

District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
Historical Service Counts

YEAR RES MFR COM GOV IND OTH IRR TOT
2000 24,871 188 3,191 236 60 36 0 28,581
2001 26,604 197 3,250 243 64 34 0 30,391
2002 27,518 190 3,194 368 64 34 0 31,368
2003 28,321 190 3,167 483 63 47 0 32,271
2004 29,370 196 3,258 498 64 51 0 33,436
2005 30,491 196 3,354 507 64 70 0 34,681
2006 32,123 196 3,459 505 64 93 0 36,439
2007 33,564 195 3,561 532 64 91 0 38,007
2008 33,852 303 3,474 713 64 74 0 38,479
2009 34,124 428 3,470 727 64 45 0 38,858
2010 34,634 474 3,420 747 63 38 0 39,376
2011 35,178 757 3,091 758 63 40 0 39,887
2012 35,607 938 2,904 770 64 33 0 40,315
2013 36,031 958 2,925 781 65 35 0 40,795
2014 36,629 964 2,952 794 64 38 0 41,441
2015 37,266 985 2,951 803 64 51 0 42,120
2016 37,948 1,000 2,953 823 64 65 0 42,853
2017 38,653 996 2,977 877 64 76 0 43,642
2018 39,210 994 3,014 927 63 69 0 44,278
2019 39,803 982 3,031 934 64 70 0 44,884
2020 40,443 973 3,071 936 63 63 0 45,549
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030

CAGR RES MFR COM GOV IND OTH IRR TOT
5-Year 1.6% -0.2% 0.8% 3.1% -0.4% 4.2% 1.6%
10-Year 1.6% 7.4% -1.1% 2.3% 0.0% 5.1% 1.5%
15-Year 1.9% 11.3% -0.6% 4.2% -0.1% -0.7% 1.8%
20-Year 2.5% 8.6% -0.2% 7.1% 0.2% 2.9% 2.4%
CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate

District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
Historical Sales (AF)

YEAR RES MFR COM GOV IND OTH IRR TOT
2000 16,575 857 5,719 848 458 310 0 24,768
2001 18,089 937 6,144 977 348 108 0 26,602
2002 18,856 953 5,800 1,369 559 123 0 27,660
2003 19,328 950 5,992 1,549 310 217 0 28,345
2004 21,065 989 5,888 1,606 318 219 0 30,084
2005 20,361 926 5,431 1,636 288 407 0 29,050
2006 19,838 929 5,685 1,636 305 451 0 28,844
2007 21,545 914 6,376 1,889 312 337 0 31,373
2008 21,989 1,064 6,033 2,512 321 140 0 32,060
2009 21,460 1,197 5,942 2,515 270 54 0 31,437
2010 19,408 1,205 5,897 2,404 269 39 0 29,221
2011 18,110 1,576 5,381 2,433 286 53 0 27,840
2012 20,316 1,826 5,546 2,817 324 68 0 30,896
2013 21,065 1,846 5,594 2,899 393 97 0 31,894
2014 18,746 1,685 5,296 2,485 407 77 0 28,696
2015 15,337 1,479 4,525 2,001 366 96 0 23,804
2016 15,755 1,429 4,492 2,201 352 214 0 24,444
2017 16,952 1,477 5,011 2,505 407 215 0 26,567
2018 18,035 1,499 5,420 2,728 405 148 0 28,235
2019 18,111 1,497 5,341 2,873 414 118 0 28,354
2020 19,359 1,525 5,239 2,600 305 200 0 29,229
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030

CAGR RES MFR COM GOV IND OTH IRR TOT
5-Year 4.8% 0.6% 3.0% 5.4% -3.5% 15.8% 4.2%
10-Year 0.0% 2.4% -1.2% 0.8% 1.3% 17.8% 0.0%
15-Year -0.3% 3.4% -0.2% 3.1% 0.4% -4.6% 0.0%
20-Year 0.8% 2.9% -0.4% 5.8% -2.0% -2.2% 0.8%
CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate

District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
Historical Sales/Service (GPD)

YEAR RES MFR COM GOV IND OTH IRR TOT
2000 595 4,070 1,600 3,208 6,774 7,788 774
2001 607 4,252 1,688 3,593 4,895 2,829 781
2002 612 4,480 1,621 3,319 7,802 3,238 787
2003 609 4,470 1,689 2,860 4,411 4,101 784
2004 640 4,512 1,613 2,882 4,451 3,832 803
2005 596 4,229 1,446 2,882 4,037 5,197 748
2006 551 4,233 1,467 2,892 4,269 4,340 707
2007 573 4,184 1,598 3,171 4,372 3,305 737
2008 580 3,137 1,550 3,145 4,502 1,700 744
2009 561 2,497 1,529 3,090 3,772 1,069 722
2010 500 2,268 1,540 2,873 3,833 902 663
2011 460 1,860 1,554 2,864 4,062 1,176 623
2012 509 1,738 1,705 3,267 4,548 1,805 684
2013 522 1,719 1,707 3,316 5,415 2,492 698
2014 457 1,560 1,602 2,794 5,679 1,831 618
2015 367 1,342 1,369 2,223 5,100 1,676 505
2016 371 1,275 1,358 2,389 4,911 2,950 509
2017 392 1,324 1,503 2,549 5,679 2,540 543
2018 411 1,346 1,605 2,626 5,722 1,909 569
2019 406 1,360 1,573 2,746 5,814 1,511 564
2020 427 1,399 1,523 2,480 4,340 2,831 573
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030

CAGR RES MFR COM GOV IND OTH IRR TOT
5-Year 3.1% 0.8% 2.2% 2.2% -3.2% 11.1% 2.6%
10-Year -1.6% -4.7% -0.1% -1.5% 1.2% 12.1% -1.4%
15-Year -2.2% -7.1% 0.3% -1.0% 0.5% -4.0% -1.8%
20-Year -1.6% -5.2% -0.2% -1.3% -2.2% -4.9% -1.5%
CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate

District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
Historical Production (AF)
YEAR SALES NRW PROD NRW %
NRW
GPD/Svc
2000 24,768 2,154 26,922 8.0% 67
2001 26,602 2,313 28,915 8.0% 68
2002 27,660 2,405 30,065 8.0% 68
2003 28,345 2,465 30,810 8.0% 68
2004 30,084 2,616 32,700 8.0% 70
2005 29,050 2,526 31,576 8.0% 65
2006 28,844 2,508 31,352 8.0% 61
2007 31,373 2,728 34,101 8.0% 64
2008 32,060 2,788 34,848 8.0% 65
2009 31,437 2,734 34,171 8.0% 63
2010 29,221 2,541 31,762 8.0% 58
2011 27,840 2,421 30,260 8.0% 54
2012 30,896 731 31,627 2.3% 16
2013 31,894 706 32,600 2.2% 15
2014 28,696 990 29,686 3.3% 21
2015 23,804 1,029 24,833 4.1% 22
2016 24,444 1,400 25,843 5.4% 29
2017 26,567 1,315 27,882 4.7% 27
2018 28,235 1,008 29,243 3.4% 20
2019 28,354 565 28,919 2.0% 11
2020 29,229 923 30,152 3.1% 18
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030

CAGR SALES NRW PROD
NRW
GPD/Svc
5-Year 4.2% -2.2% 4.0% -3.7%
10-Year 0.0% -9.6% -0.5% -10.9%
15-Year 0.0% -6.5% -0.3% -8.2%
20-Year 0.8% -4.1% 0.6% -6.4%
CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate

District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
Historical GPCD
GPCD

YEAR POPULATION RESIDENTIAL TOTAL
2000 98,325 158 244
2001 103,510 164 249
2002 106,382 166 252
2003 108,946 166 252
2004 112,207 175 260
2005 115,674 164 244
2006 120,590 154 232
2007 124,971 160 244
2008 126,088 163 247
2009 127,164 159 240
2010 128,912 143 220
2011 130,699 134 207
2012 132,158 150 214
2013 134,033 153 217
2014 135,922 134 195
2015 138,404 108 160
2016 140,868 109 164
2017 142,714 115 174
2018 144,239 121 181
2019 145,531 120 177
2020 147,032 127 183
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030

CAGR POPULATION RESIDENTIAL GPCD TOTAL GPCD
5-Year 1.2% 3.2% 2.7%
10-Year 1.3% -1.2% -1.8%
15-Year 1.6% -1.7% -1.9%
20-Year 2.0% -1.1% -1.4%
CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate

District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
Projected Services

YEAR RES MFR COM GOV IND OTH IRR TOT
2020 40,443 973 3,071 936 63 63 0 45,549
2021 41,226 994 3,136 957 63 70 0 46,446
2022 42,024 1,010 3,204 979 63 70 0 47,351
2023 42,835 1,027 3,273 1,002 63 70 0 48,271
2024 43,660 1,044 3,338 1,026 63 70 0 49,202
2025 44,498 1,062 3,401 1,055 63 70 0 50,150
2026 45,341 1,080 3,460 1,083 63 70 0 51,097
2027 46,196 1,099 3,521 1,108 63 70 0 52,058
2028 47,073 1,117 3,584 1,135 63 70 0 53,044
2029 47,966 1,137 3,650 1,163 63 70 0 54,051
2030 48,874 1,158 3,716 1,192 63 70 0 55,074
2031 49,792 1,178 3,784 1,222 63 70 0 56,111
2032 50,719 1,199 3,852 1,251 63 70 0 57,155
2033 51,653 1,220 3,920 1,280 63 70 0 58,208
2034 52,595 1,241 3,989 1,310 63 70 0 59,269
2035 53,545 1,262 4,057 1,339 63 70 0 60,337
2036 54,504 1,283 4,125 1,369 63 70 0 61,415
2037 55,473 1,305 4,194 1,399 63 70 0 62,504
2038 56,452 1,326 4,263 1,430 63 70 0 63,604
2039 57,441 1,347 4,333 1,461 63 70 0 64,715
2040 58,440 1,367 4,404 1,492 63 70 0 65,836
2041 59,449 1,388 4,475 1,523 63 70 0 66,969
2042 60,467 1,408 4,548 1,555 63 70 0 68,112
2043 61,493 1,427 4,623 1,587 63 70 0 69,264
2044 62,527 1,446 4,699 1,619 63 70 0 70,425
2045 63,570 1,464 4,776 1,651 63 70 0 71,595
2046 64,621 1,482 4,854 1,684 63 70 0 72,774
2047 65,680 1,499 4,934 1,716 63 70 0 73,963
2048 66,747 1,516 5,015 1,749 63 70 0 75,161
2049 67,823 1,533 5,098 1,782 63 70 0 76,370
2050 68,909 1,550 5,183 1,815 63 70 0 77,590

District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
Projected Sales (AF)

YEAR RES MFR COM GOV IND OTH IRR TOT
2020 19,359 1,525 5,239 2,600 305 200 0 29,229
2021 19,361 1,518 5,313 2,641 308 223 0 29,365
2022 19,705 1,532 5,396 2,688 308 223 0 29,853
2023 20,063 1,548 5,482 2,738 308 223 0 30,363
2024 20,441 1,565 5,559 2,789 308 223 0 30,886
2025 20,815 1,583 5,634 2,854 308 223 0 31,418
2026 21,176 1,602 5,702 2,916 308 223 0 31,927
2027 21,511 1,621 5,774 2,970 308 223 0 32,407
2028 21,854 1,641 5,849 3,027 308 223 0 32,902
2029 22,222 1,663 5,929 3,090 308 223 0 33,434
2030 22,593 1,686 6,009 3,152 308 223 0 33,971
2031 22,987 1,711 6,097 3,221 308 223 0 34,547
2032 23,352 1,735 6,185 3,286 308 223 0 35,089
2033 23,778 1,762 6,273 3,351 308 223 0 35,695
2034 24,191 1,788 6,361 3,417 308 223 0 36,288
2035 24,604 1,815 6,448 3,483 308 223 0 36,881
2036 24,972 1,840 6,536 3,550 308 223 0 37,429
2037 25,338 1,866 6,623 3,616 308 223 0 37,975
2038 25,739 1,893 6,712 3,683 308 223 0 38,558
2039 26,120 1,919 6,801 3,751 308 223 0 39,121
2040 26,513 1,945 6,891 3,819 308 223 0 39,699
2041 26,929 1,971 6,982 3,888 308 223 0 40,301
2042 27,358 1,997 7,075 3,956 308 223 0 40,917
2043 27,798 2,022 7,170 4,026 308 223 0 41,547
2044 28,265 2,047 7,266 4,095 308 223 0 42,205
2045 28,705 2,070 7,364 4,164 308 223 0 42,834
2046 29,157 2,093 7,463 4,233 308 223 0 43,478
2047 29,613 2,115 7,564 4,302 308 223 0 44,126
2048 30,077 2,137 7,667 4,371 308 223 0 44,783
2049 30,553 2,160 7,771 4,440 308 223 0 45,455
2050 31,041 2,182 7,877 4,510 308 223 0 46,140

District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
Projected Sales/Service (GPD)

YEAR RES MFR COM GOV IND OTH IRR TOT
2020 427 1,399 1,523 2,480 4,340 2,831 0 573
2021 419 1,364 1,513 2,465 4,340 2,831 0 564
2022 419 1,354 1,504 2,452 4,340 2,831 0 563
2023 418 1,346 1,495 2,439 4,340 2,831 0 562
2024 418 1,338 1,487 2,427 4,340 2,831 0 560
2025 418 1,331 1,479 2,415 4,340 2,831 0 559
2026 417 1,324 1,471 2,403 4,340 2,831 0 558
2027 416 1,317 1,464 2,392 4,340 2,831 0 556
2028 414 1,311 1,457 2,381 4,340 2,831 0 554
2029 414 1,305 1,450 2,371 4,340 2,831 0 552
2030 413 1,300 1,443 2,360 4,340 2,831 0 551
2031 412 1,296 1,438 2,352 4,340 2,831 0 550
2032 411 1,292 1,433 2,345 4,340 2,831 0 548
2033 411 1,289 1,428 2,337 4,340 2,831 0 547
2034 411 1,286 1,424 2,329 4,340 2,831 0 547
2035 410 1,283 1,419 2,322 4,340 2,831 0 546
2036 409 1,280 1,414 2,314 4,340 2,831 0 544
2037 408 1,277 1,410 2,307 4,340 2,831 0 542
2038 407 1,275 1,406 2,300 4,340 2,831 0 541
2039 406 1,272 1,401 2,293 4,340 2,831 0 540
2040 405 1,270 1,397 2,286 4,340 2,831 0 538
2041 404 1,268 1,393 2,279 4,340 2,831 0 537
2042 404 1,266 1,389 2,272 4,340 2,831 0 536
2043 404 1,265 1,385 2,265 4,340 2,831 0 535
2044 404 1,264 1,381 2,258 4,340 2,831 0 535
2045 403 1,262 1,377 2,252 4,340 2,831 0 534
2046 403 1,261 1,373 2,245 4,340 2,831 0 533
2047 403 1,260 1,369 2,238 4,340 2,831 0 533
2048 402 1,258 1,365 2,232 4,340 2,831 0 532
2049 402 1,257 1,361 2,225 4,340 2,831 0 531
2050 402 1,257 1,357 2,218 4,340 2,831 0 531

District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
Projected Production (AF)
YEAR SALES NRW PROD % NRW
NRW
GPD/Svc
2020 29,229 923 30,152 3.1% 18
2021 29,365 957 30,322 3.2% 18
2022 29,853 992 30,844 3.2% 19
2023 30,363 1,028 31,390 3.3% 19
2024 30,886 1,064 31,950 3.3% 19
2025 31,418 1,102 32,520 3.4% 20
2026 31,927 1,140 33,067 3.4% 20
2027 32,407 1,179 33,587 3.5% 20
2028 32,902 1,220 34,121 3.6% 21
2029 33,434 1,261 34,696 3.6% 21
2030 33,971 1,304 35,276 3.7% 21
2031 34,547 1,329 35,876 3.7% 21
2032 35,089 1,353 36,443 3.7% 21
2033 35,695 1,378 37,074 3.7% 21
2034 36,288 1,404 37,692 3.7% 21
2035 36,881 1,429 38,310 3.7% 21
2036 37,429 1,454 38,884 3.7% 21
2037 37,975 1,480 39,456 3.8% 21
2038 38,558 1,506 40,064 3.8% 21
2039 39,121 1,532 40,654 3.8% 21
2040 39,699 1,559 41,258 3.8% 21
2041 40,301 1,586 41,887 3.8% 21
2042 40,917 1,613 42,530 3.8% 21
2043 41,547 1,640 43,187 3.8% 21
2044 42,205 1,668 43,873 3.8% 21
2045 42,834 1,695 44,529 3.8% 21
2046 43,478 1,723 45,201 3.8% 21
2047 44,126 1,752 45,877 3.8% 21
2048 44,783 1,780 46,563 3.8% 21
2049 45,455 1,808 47,263 3.8% 21
2050 46,140 1,837 47,978 3.8% 21

District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
Projected GPCD
GPCD

YEAR POPULATION RESIDENTIAL TOTAL
2020 147,032 131 183
2021 149,830 128 181
2022 152,577 128 180
2023 155,368 128 180
2024 158,201 128 180
2025 161,087 128 180
2026 164,002 128 180
2027 166,968 127 180
2028 170,002 127 179
2029 173,106 127 179
2030 176,265 126 179
2031 179,462 126 178
2032 182,686 126 178
2033 185,935 126 178
2034 189,210 126 178
2035 192,510 126 178
2036 195,839 125 177
2037 199,198 125 177
2038 202,583 125 177
2039 205,994 124 176
2040 209,431 124 176
2041 212,889 124 176
2042 216,366 124 175
2043 219,852 124 175
2044 223,347 124 175
2045 226,850 124 175
2046 230,367 124 175
2047 233,901 124 175
2048 237,452 124 175
2049 241,025 124 175
2050 244,623 124 175

District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
Normal, Single-Year, and Multi-Year Dry Year Demand (AF)

YEAR NORMAL
SINGLE

DRY YEAR
% OF
NORMAL
MULTI

DRY YEAR
% OF
NORMAL
2020 30,152 30,738 102% 31,100 103%
2021 30,322 30,910 102% 31,274 103%
2022 30,844 31,443 102% 31,813 103%
2023 31,390 31,999 102% 32,376 103%
2024 31,950 32,570 102% 32,954 103%
2025 32,520 33,152 102% 33,543 103%
2026 33,067 33,710 102% 34,108 103%
2027 33,587 34,240 102% 34,644 103%
2028 34,121 34,785 102% 35,196 103%
2029 34,696 35,371 102% 35,789 103%
2030 35,276 35,962 102% 36,387 103%
2031 35,876 36,575 102% 37,007 103%
2032 36,443 37,153 102% 37,592 103%
2033 37,074 37,796 102% 38,243 103%
2034 37,692 38,426 102% 38,881 103%
2035 38,310 39,057 102% 39,520 103%
2036 38,884 39,642 102% 40,111 103%
2037 39,456 40,225 102% 40,701 103%
2038 40,064 40,846 102% 41,330 103%
2039 40,654 41,447 102% 41,938 103%
2040 41,258 42,063 102% 42,562 103%
2041 41,887 42,704 102% 43,210 103%
2042 42,530 43,361 102% 43,874 103%
2043 43,187 44,031 102% 44,553 103%
2044 43,873 44,730 102% 45,260 103%
2045 44,529 45,400 102% 45,939 103%
2046 45,201 46,085 102% 46,632 103%
2047 45,877 46,775 102% 47,330 103%
2048 46,563 47,474 102% 48,038 103%
2049 47,263 48,189 102% 48,761 103%
2050 47,978 48,917 102% 49,499 103%

District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
Charts
0 50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 VIS: Population
Historical Projected
0 10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 VIS: Services: TOT
Historical Projected

District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
0 10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 AF
VIS: Production
Historical Projected Wet Single Dry Multi Dry
0 5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 AF
VIS: Sales: TOT
Historical Projected Wet Single Dry Multi Dry

District Demand Projection Report
Visalia
6/4/2021
0 100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 Gallons/day/service
VIS: Sales/Service: TOT
Historical Projected Wet Single Dry Multi Dry
0 50
100
150
200
250
300
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 VIS: GPCD
Historical Projected Wet Single Dry Multi Dry

California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
June 2021
Printed 6/24/2021
Page E-1
EKI Environment & Water, Inc.

M.Cubed
Gary Fiske and Associates
Appendix E: DWR SB X7-7 Verification Forms
Visalia District SB X7-7 Verification Form Tables
Water Conservation Act of 2009
SB X7-7
Verification Forms
Visalia District
2020 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix E
2020 UWMP Appendix E Page E-1 Printed 4/8/2021
Visalia District SB X7-7 Verification Form Tables
Parameter Value Units
2008 total water deliveries 34,848 Acre Feet
2008 total volume of delivered recycled water - Acre Feet 2008 recycled water as a percent of total deliveries 0.00% Percent Number of years in baseline period1, 2 10 Years
Year beginning baseline period range 1999
Year ending baseline period range3
2008
Number of years in baseline period 5 Years
Year beginning baseline period range 2003
Year ending baseline period range4 2007
SB X7-7 Table-1: Baseline Period Ranges
1 If the 2008 recycled water percent is less than 10 percent, then the first baseline period is a continuous 10-year period. If the amount of recycled water delivered in 2008 is 10 percent or greater, the first baseline period is a continuous 10- to 15-year period. 2 The Water Code requires that the baseline period is between 10 and 15 years. However, DWR recognizes that some water suppliers may not have the minimum 10 years of baseline data.
3 The ending year must be between December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2010. 4 The ending year must be between December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2010. 5-year
baseline period
Baseline
10- to 15-year
baseline period
2020 UWMP Appendix E Page E-2 Printed 4/8/2021
Visalia District SB X7-7 Verification Form Tables
NOTES: Cal Water uses a population estimation methodology based on overlaying Census Block data from the 2000 and 2010 Censuses with the District’s service area. LandView 5 and MARPLOT software are used with these data to estimate population per dwelling unit for 2000 and 2010. The per dwelling unit population estimates are then combined with Cal Water data on number of dwelling units served to estimate service area population for non-Census years. Cal Water also estimated service area population using DWR’s Population Tool. The estimates prepared using Cal Water’s methodology and DWR’s Population Tool were within one percent. Cal Water is electing to use the population estimates produced by its methodology in order to maintain consistency with population projections it has prepared in other planning documents and reports.

SB X7-7 Table 2: Method for Population Estimates
Method Used to Determine Population
(may check more than one)

1. Department of Finance (DOF)
DOF Table E-8 (1990 - 2000) and (2000-2010) and
DOF Table E-5 (2011 - 2015) when available

3. DWR Population Tool

4. Other
DWR recommends pre-review

2. Persons-per-Connection Method
2020 UWMP Appendix E Page E-3 Printed 4/8/2021
Visalia District SB X7-7 Verification Form Tables
Population
Year 1 1999 95,989
Year 2 2000 98,325
Year 3 2001 103,510
Year 4 2002 106,382
Year 5 2003 108,946
Year 6 2004 112,207
Year 7 2005 115,674
Year 8 2006 120,590
Year 9 2007 124,972
Year 10 2008 126,088
Year 11
Year 12
Year 13
Year 14
Year 15
Year 1 2003 108,946
Year 2 2004 112,207
Year 3 2005 115,674
Year 4 2006 120,590
Year 5 2007 124,972
138,404
SB X7-7 Table 3: Service Area Population
10 to 15 Year Baseline Population
5 Year Baseline Population
2015 Compliance Year Population
Year
2015
2020 UWMP Appendix E Page E-4 Printed 4/8/2021
Visalia District SB X7-7 Verification Form Tables
Exported
Water
Change in
Dist. System
Storage
(+/-)
Indirect
Recycled
Water
This column will
remain blank
until SB X7-7
Table 4-B is
completed.

Water
Delivered for
Agricultural
Use
Process Water
This column will
remain blank
until SB X7-7
Table 4-D is
completed.

Year 1 1999 26,509 - - 26,509
Year 2 2000 26,921 - - 26,921
Year 3 2001 28,915 - - 28,915
Year 4 2002 30,065 - - 30,065
Year 5 2003 30,810 - - 30,810
Year 6 2004 32,700 - - 32,700
Year 7 2005 31,576 - - 31,576
Year 8 2006 31,352 - - 31,352
Year 9 2007 34,101 - - 34,101
Year 10 2008 34,848 - - 34,848
Year 11 0 - - - -
Year 12 0 - - - -
Year 13 0 - - - -
Year 14 0 - - - -
Year 15 0 - - - -
30,780
Year 1 2003 30,810 - - 30,810
Year 2 2004 32,700 - - 32,700
Year 3 2005 31,576 - - 31,576
Year 4 2006 31,352 - - 31,352
Year 5 2007 34,101 - - 34,101
32,108
24,847 - - - 24,847
Volume Into
Distribution
System
This column
will remain
blank until SB
X7-7 Table 4-A
is completed.

Annual
Gross
Water Use
Deductions
* NOTE that the units of measure must remain consistent throughout the UWMP, as reported in Table 2-3 SB X7-7 Table 4: Annual Gross Water Use *
2015
10 to 15 Year Baseline - Gross Water Use
10 - 15 year baseline average gross water use
5 Year Baseline - Gross Water Use
5 year baseline average gross water use
2015 Compliance Year - Gross Water Use
Baseline Year
Fm SB X7-7 Table 3
2020 UWMP Appendix E Page E-5 Printed 4/8/2021
Visalia District SB X7-7 Verification Form Tables
Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
Meter Error
Adjustment*
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected
Volume
Entering
Distribution
System
Year 1 1999 26,509 26,509
Year 2 2000 26,921 26,921
Year 3 2001 28,915 28,915
Year 4 2002 30,065 30,065
Year 5 2003 30,810 30,810
Year 6 2004 32,700 32,700
Year 7 2005 31,576 31,576
Year 8 2006 31,352 31,352
Year 9 2007 34,101 34,101
Year 10 2008 34,848 34,848
Year 11 0 -
Year 12 0 -
Year 13 0 -
Year 14 0 -
Year 15 0 -
Year 1 2003 30,810 30,810
Year 2 2004 32,700 32,700
Year 3 2005 31,576 31,576
Year 4 2006 31,352 31,352
Year 5 2007 34,101 34,101
24,847 24,847
SB X7-7 Table 4-A: Volume Entering the Distribution
System(s)
Complete one table for each source.
10 to 15 Year Baseline - Water into Distribution System 5 Year Baseline - Water into Distribution System
2015 Compliance Year - Water into Distribution System
Name of Source
Baseline Year
Fm SB X7-7 Table 3
* Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
This water source is:

The supplier's own water source
A purchased or imported source
2015
Wells
2020 UWMP Appendix E Page E-6 Printed 4/8/2021
Visalia District SB X7-7 Verification Form Tables
Service Area
Population
Fm SB X7-7
Table 3
Annual Gross
Water Use
Fm SB X7-7
Table 4
Daily Per
Capita Water
Use (GPCD)
Year 1 1999 95,989 26,509 247
Year 2 2000 98,325 26,921 244
Year 3 2001 103,510 28,915 249
Year 4 2002 106,382 30,065 252
Year 5 2003 108,946 30,810 252
Year 6 2004 112,207 32,700 260
Year 7 2005 115,674 31,576 244
Year 8 2006 120,590 31,352 232
Year 9 2007 124,972 34,101 244
Year 10 2008 126,088 34,848 247
Year 11 0 - -
Year 12 0 - -
Year 13 0 - -
Year 14 0 - -
Year 15 0 - -
247
Service Area
Population
Fm SB X7-7
Table 3
Gross Water Use
Fm SB X7-7
Table 4
Daily Per
Capita Water
Use
Year 1 2003 108,946 30,810 252
Year 2 2004 112,207 32,700 260
Year 3 2005 115,674 31,576 244
Year 4 2006 120,590 31,352 232
Year 5 2007 124,972 34,101 244
246
24,847 138,404 160
SB X7-7 Table 5: Gallons Per Capita Per Day (GPCD)
Baseline Year
Fm SB X7-7 Table 3
10 to 15 Year Baseline GPCD
10-15 Year Average Baseline GPCD
5 Year Baseline GPCD
5 Year Average Baseline GPCD
2015 Compliance Year GPCD
2015
Baseline Year
Fm SB X7-7 Table 3
2020 UWMP Appendix E Page E-7 Printed 4/8/2021
Visalia District SB X7-7 Verification Form Tables
247
246
2015 Compliance Year GPCD 160
SB X7-7 Table 6: Gallons per Capita per Day
Summary From Table SB X7-7 Table 5
10-15 Year Baseline GPCD
5 Year Baseline GPCD
2020 UWMP Appendix E Page E-8 Printed 4/8/2021
Visalia District SB X7-7 Verification Form Tables
Supporting Documentation
Method 1 SB X7-7 Table 7A
Method 2 SB X7-7 Tables 7B, 7C, and 7D
Contact DWR for these tables
Method 3 SB X7-7 Table 7-E
Method 4 Method 4 Calculator
SB X7-7 Table 7: 2020 Target Method
Select Only One
Target Method
2020 UWMP Appendix E Page E-9 Printed 4/8/2021
Visalia District SB X7-7 Verification Form Tables
10-15 Year Baseline
GPCD
2020 Target
GPCD
247 198
SB X7-7 Table 7-A: Target Method 1
20% Reduction
2020 UWMP Appendix E Page E-10 Printed 4/8/2021
Visalia District SB X7-7 Verification Form Tables
5 Year
Baseline GPCD
From SB X7-7
Table 5
Maximum 2020
Target1
Calculated
2020 Target2
Confirmed
2020 Target
246 234 198 198
SB X7-7 Table 7-F: Confirm Minimum Reduction for 2020 Target 1Maximum 2020 Target is 95% of the 5 Year Baseline GPCD 2 2020 Target is calculated based on the selected Target Method, see SB X7-7 Table 7 and corresponding tables for agency's calculated target.
2020 UWMP Appendix E Page E-11 Printed 4/8/2021
California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
June 2021
Printed 6/24/2021
Page F-1
EKI Environment & Water, Inc.

M.Cubed
Gary Fiske and Associates
Appendix F: Climate Change Studies – Executive Summaries • Climate Change – Water Resource Monitoring and Adaptation Plan – Phase 1 • Potential Climate Change Impacts on the Water Supplies of California Water Service Submitted to:

California Water Service
1720 North First Street
San Jose, CA 95112
Submitted by:

ICF
555 W 5th St
Suite 3100
Los Angeles, CA 90013
Climate ChangeWater Resource
Monitoring and
Adaptation Plan –
Phase 1
December 17, 2020
Cal Water Climate Change Water Resource Monitoring and Adaptation Plan 1 Executive Summary
Shifts in the frequency and severity of natural hazards resulting from climate change, often referred to as climate hazards, increasingly threaten water resources in California. These relevant climate hazards include reductions to snowpack, greater concentrations of precipitation in both a shorter rain season and isolated atmospheric river events, and more volatility between wet and dry water years.

To identify and prepare for impacts from these hazards, California Water Service (Cal Water) is seeking to identify climate change vulnerabilities to water supplies, operations and facilities, and to develop adaptation strategies to address those vulnerabilities through a Climate Change Water Resources Monitoring and Adaptation Plan. This body of work is intended to provide Cal Water with information to inform decisions on water system/asset management and resource planning to better prepare for and respond to current and projected changes to climate. This work represents a forward-looking approach in addressing climate risks for California utilities, as the large majority of water wholesaler and utilities have not completed climate vulnerability and adaptation plans.

In the first phase of this effort, the ICF team collaborated with Cal Water to conduct a literature and tools review as the foundation for subsequent phases of work. In Phase 2 of this project, the ICF team and Cal Water will undertake a vulnerability assessment of Cal Water’s facilities and operations by developing an assessment approach that evaluates climate impacts to Cal Water, identifies asset vulnerabilities, and prioritizes climate risks. Phase 3 will focus on an assessment of climate-driven impacts to water supply resources and demand. This first phase of research and assessment will provide Cal Water with a clear “lay of the land” in understanding available methodologies and lessons learned in conducting vulnerability assessments and developing adaptation plans in the water sector. This work can provide key insights for Cal Water, industry practitioners, and Cal Water customers on best practices and needs in climate vulnerability and adaptation efforts.

This first phase will also act as a foundation for Cal Water to build on in subsequent phases of work. ICF and Cal Water will build on research and findings developed in Phase 1 to define the scope of Phases 2 and 3.

In Phase 1, the ICF team undertook three areas of review:
1) Literature and tools related to adaptation planning by water suppliers and other relevant organizations
2) Methods and data in Cal Water’s 2016 Vulnerability Study “Potential Climate Change Impacts on the Water Supplies of California Water Service” 3) Climate change impact assessments and adaptation plans beyond Cal Water (wholesalers, state agencies) that could affect Cal Water’s vulnerability or adaptive capacity
In the first part of our assessment, the studies we reviewed conclude that there is high certainty of climate-driven reductions to snowpack, wetter winter months, and more volatility between wet and dry water years. While California water systems are designed to operate under a wide Cal Water Climate Change Water Resource Monitoring and Adaptation Plan 2 range of hydrologic conditions, they are not designed to absorb and adapt to the projected levels of change, which could have impacts on historical supplies from reservoir systems and groundwater systems. These studies also revealed a suite of potential approaches to vulnerability assessment and risk assessment that are applicable to Phases 2 and 3.

Key studies that the ICF team referenced include Brown and Caldwell’s “Impacts of Climate Change on Honolulu Water Supplies and Planning Strategies for Mitigation”, the Water Research Foundation’s (WRF)’s “Mapping Climate Exposure and Climate Information Needs to Water Utility Business Functions”, the Metropolitan Water District’s (MWD)’s “2015 Integrated Water Resources Plan” and “2015 Urban Water Management Plan”, and the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Climate Resilience Evaluation and Awareness Toolkit (CREAT).

In the second part of our review, we found that Cal Water’s 2016 Climate Change Vulnerability Study undertook a high-level investigation of impacts of climate change on water supply, including surface water, groundwater, and imported water throughout Cal Water service areas.

However, the study did not use uniform metrics across water suppliers, was unable to apply the currently available downscaled climate projections, and did not consider the full suite of potential climate impacts to Cal Water’s systems, including impacts of compounding climate hazards and impacts on Cal Water facilities and operations.

In the third part of this work, the ICF team researched and assessed existing climate vulnerability assessments and adaptation efforts that have an impact on Cal Water’s ability to mitigate impacts from climate change. This included efforts by water supply wholesalers connected to Cal Water’s system, and state agencies that regulate Cal Water’s supplies, operations, and planning efforts. This will allow Cal Water to build on existing actions and avoid recreating adaptation efforts that are planned or have been implemented.

Cal Water has undertaken key steps toward adaptation planning since the 2016 Vulnerability Study, such as this work to provide additional vulnerability analysis, working locally to identify and prepare to meet Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) requirements, and coordinating with wholesalers on their identified climate-driven vulnerabilities. Phases 2 and 3 of this work will further frame system vulnerabilities within an adaptation planning context for a flexible and anticipatory response.

The ICF team’s literature review focused on identifying approaches for assessing water utility vulnerabilities of assets and water resources, and adaptation planning needs (summarized in Table 1). To identify these priority approaches, the team reviewed a list of publications with input from Cal Water on key sources. We reviewed and analyzed the relevant literature for applicability to Cal Water, the advantages and fit within a robust plan for assessment, and the potential disadvantages. We highlighted those approaches in the sections on key takeaways and the applicability of approaches to Cal Water. Table 1 provides important considerations raised by the ICF team during this process.

Cal Water Climate Change Water Resource Monitoring and Adaptation Plan 3 Table 1: Advantages and disadvantages of identified approaches Identified Approach Advantages Disadvantages
Integrated resourcelevel (i.e., top-down)
and asset-level (i.e.,
bottom-up) approaches
to vulnerability
assessment
x Allows for matching available
information with appropriate
methodologies
x Supports evaluation of
vulnerabilities in both water
supply resources and physical
systems: an integrated approach
can help to address gaps in either
area
x Bottom-up approaches can require
extensive historical data and assetlevel data
x Integration of climate projections into
hydrological models can be
challenging. For example, data
inputs for hydrological models and
the outputs from climate projections
may be incompatible or require
additional data processing
Robust DecisionMaking
x Supports identification of
decisions for response under a
range of potential climate futures
x Supports alignment between
climate impacts and operating
units/business functions
x Ensures the scope focuses on
critical services, assets, and
resources
x Supports the development of
adaptation pathways and
measures
x Provides a framework for
information that can signal the
need for critical decisions on
adaptation
x Involves significant investment of
time to identify performance metrics,
business functions, and key
variables
x Even with significant time invested
on the front end, scope can change
and require rescoping later in the
effort
x Requires a strong understanding of
utility decision-making
Applying climate
projections to
hydrologic modeling,
future demand and
planning scenarios
x Generates better understanding
of impacts of extreme scenarios,
snowpack loss, drought,
increased temperatures,
precipitation whiplash, and other
hydrologic changes in water
supply resources and
downstream demands
x Allows for modeling of a range of
climate scenarios to better
account for uncertainties in
resource management and
climate outcomes
x Integrates climate projections with
scaled historical time series data
x Can require substantial data, and
may introduce bias (due to selected
climate scenarios)
x It is necessary to identify
performance metrics and thresholds
related to available climate
variables; these can be difficult to
identify and thresholds may not exist
x Relies on necessary simplifying
assumptions to model complex
hydrologic systems
Stress testing and
scenarios
x Supports management of
uncertainty, especially in the
absence of data
x Allows for understanding of
climate impacts on system
performance within a risk
framework
x Can require refined climate
information (e.g. hydrological
variables) and detailed asset
information
x Can require the integration of
climate information into hydrological
models, which may require
Cal Water Climate Change Water Resource Monitoring and Adaptation Plan 4 Identified Approach Advantages Disadvantages
x Supports identification of major
performance metrics and their
potential for failure
x Helps in understanding how the
severity of impacts varies for
facilities, operations, and water
supplies under different climate
change conditions.
significant data processing to be
compatible with one another
x Can result in qualitative or
directional findings that don’t provide
straightforward adaptation
responses
Engaging staff in
climate change
vulnerability
assessments and
adaptation plans
x Provides perspective for setting
study parameters
x Provides targeted input and data
into assessment
x Identifies existing data gaps and
actions to address gaps
x Supports development of
institutional capacity for
monitoring impacts, adaptation
planning, and implementation
x Can be time-consuming for team
members attending workshops and
interviews; requires a targeted
approach to ensure efficiency and
that the right data is captured
x Requires cross-team coordination
that may be outside of “normal”
communication pathways, e.g.
between engineers and policy
specialists
Evaluating costs of
inaction
x Helps to prioritize adaptation
planning needs
x Creates a better understanding of
the risks to Cal Water
x Requires scaling information on past
costs without clear data on future
impacts, creating uncertainties in
estimates
Use of Flexible
Adaptation Pathways
x Helps to select appropriate timing
(including lead time from planning
to implementation) and
application of adaptation
measures
x Considers and compares multiple
strategies in adaptation planning
x Includes triggers that signal when
decision-makers should decide on
switching to another pathway
x Allows for adaptive decisions
under uncertainty by integrating
points for re-assessing pathway
and actions
x Considers alternative external
developments over time
x Does not provide a fixed timeline for
actions
x This approach is relatively new and
may require coordination with
budget cycles and external policy
updates, since actions evolve over
time
x May push decision burden onto
future decision-makers who did not
develop original pathway
Our team synthesized these identified methodologies, findings, and insights into an overarching approach for characterizing climate vulnerabilities and planning for adaptation at both an asset level and water supply planning level to suit Cal Water’s needs in addressing climate change impacts, shown in Figure 1.

Cal Water Climate Change Water Resource Monitoring and Adaptation Plan 5 Figure 1: Climate Assessment Framework
Cal Water Climate Change Water Resource Monitoring and Adaptation Plan 6 Based on this review, the ICF team is making the following key recommendations for guiding Cal Water’s efforts in identifying climate vulnerabilities and planning for adaptation:
x Apply a standard conceptual framework to vulnerability assessment which integrates both top-down analysis and bottom-up analysis (see Figure 1). The standard conceptual framework for assessing climate vulnerabilities and risks includes understanding exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, and potential impacts as components of vulnerability, and consequence and likelihood as components of risk.

Top-down analysis would begin by applying downscaled Global Climate Model (GCM) projections to assess impacts on water supply resources and the bottom-up analysis would begin by identifying system sensitivities to climate hazards. These analyses are complementary.
x Use a robust decision making (RDM) framework for vulnerability assessment and adaptation planning by seeking to identify decisions for response under a range of potential climate futures, mapping impacts on operating units/business functions, and ensuring that the scope focuses on critical services, assets, and resources. A robust decision-making framing will support the development of adaptation pathways and measures by monitoring information that signals the need for critical decisions on adaptation.
x Engage staff and key stakeholders in the planning process to gain a holistic planning perspective for setting study parameters, providing targeted input into assessment and plan development, and supporting institutional capacity for adaptation. x Build off of the 2016 Cal Water Climate Change Impact study by applying updated climate models and projections for additional hydrologic variables to hydrologic modeling, future demand and planning scenarios, and scaled historical time series data to better understand impacts of extremes, precipitation whiplash, and other hydrologic changes in water supply resources. We recommend presentation of this with uniform metrics for more actionable findings.
x Assess climate impact consequence by stress-testing key water system performance metrics. This includes developing a range of impact scenarios to understand how the severity of impacts varies for facilities, operations, and water supplies under different climate change conditions.
x Evaluating the order of magnitude cost of inaction. We recommend communicating consequences in terms of direct costs to Cal Water and customers without adaptation actions to prioritize adaptation response.
x Follow a step-by-step, iterative process to adaptive management which fully aligns with potential exposure to climate hazards and vulnerabilities, including:
o Utilizing Flexible Adaptation Pathways in planning for selecting appropriate timing and application of adaptation measures
o Planning for monitoring and evaluation
o Evaluating adaptation investment decisions
Cal Water Climate Change Water Resource Monitoring and Adaptation Plan 7 During Phases 2 and 3 in which Cal Water and the ICF team will further assess vulnerability, we will frame the study outputs within a decision-making context for compatibility with adaptation planning concepts and eventual investment in adaptation measures.

Potential Climate Change Impacts on
the Water Supplies of California Water
Service
Prepared by
Gary Fiske and Associates, Inc.

Balance Hydrologics, Inc.

January 2016
ES-1
Executive Summary
Introduction
California Water Service Company (Cal Water) provides water service to roughly 478,000 customers – about 1.7 million people – located in 83 state-wide communities in 24 service districts. Cal Water’s districts rely on a variety of supply sources, including local groundwater, local surface water, and imported supplies. It is critical for Cal Water to gain a better understanding of the potential impacts of climate change on the availability of those supplies. Impacts are inherently uncertain, but Cal Water believes that the only responsible course is to carefully incorporate climate change into its ongoing water supply planning.

The present project and report represent a first step in that path. In order for Cal Water to determine how its long-term water supply planning should reflect climate change impacts, it must first have an understanding of what the impacts of climate change on its supply sources might be. That is the purpose of this study.

The work reported on here focuses on the sample of Cal Water districts highlighted in Figure ES-1. These districts account for 85% of Cal Water’s total 2014 production and reflect the diversity of all Cal Water districts, including geographic, hydrologic, and climatic conditions and primary and secondary supply sources.

Changes in climate can affect the availability of local groundwater and surface water supplies, as well as purchased imported supplies. This study separately addresses the impacts on each of these for each sample district. It relies on the best available projections of changes in climate (temperature and precipitation) through the end of the century. It then uses the climate projections to examine how surface water flows and groundwater recharge rates may change.

For imported supplies, this study relies on studies already completed by wholesale providers where possible. Where no such studies have been done or where the data from such studies was unavailable, other approaches were developed to estimate climate change impacts on these supplies.

The results reported here provide an integrated view of how projected climate changes may affect water supply availability for Cal Water’s service districts. The results also represent a first step in integrating potential future climate change impacts into Cal Water’s ongoing supply planning. Because of the inherent uncertainties, a nuanced risk assessment may be needed to guide the incorporation of these results into long-range planning. Beyond the Company’s supply/infrastructure planning, the results also can affect the Company’s triennial General Rate Cases; they may also have potential operational implications.

ES-2
Figure ES- 1. Cal Water Service Districts with Sample Districts Highlighted ES-3
Estimating Changes in Climate
Climate change is primarily driven by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. The trajectory of future climate change is a function of the rate at which those concentrations are projected to increase and the manner in which the atmosphere and oceans respond to increased concentrations. Both are difficult to model.

Thus, while the scientific community overwhelmingly agrees that climate change will occur (and indeed may already have begun), the trajectory of those changes is very uncertain.

The projections of temperature and precipitation that underlie this study are based on 40 of the latest Global Circulation Models (GCMs) run as part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Generally speaking, this type of approach is termed an ensemble analysis, for which the downscaled climate projections for any particular Cal Water Service District were based on the median of the 40 downscaled GCM datasets. The GCMs used by the analysis are driven by two GHG emission pathways that bound the possible trajectories of GHG concentrations.

Impacts of Climate Change on Water Supplies
The supplies for each district consist of a mix of local surface water, local groundwater, and/or purchased imports. Climate change impacts were estimated for each of these components. The approaches used for each are described below. Based on the breakdown of district production among the supply sources, Table ES-1 shows the ranges of projected overall climate change impacts on available supply, relative to the historic average.1 Table ES-2 groups this vulnerability into 4 categories of expected change, and Figure ES-2 maps the end-of-century vulnerability.

1 The historical averages used here, and elsewhere in this report, are based on the entire range of historical data available for the district-specific analyses. These ranges vary across districts, and are specified within the district-specific technical memoranda.

ES-4
Table ES- 1. Projected Changes in Available Supply due to Climate Change District Percentage Change in Supply
2020 2050 2100
BK
Minimum -10% -10% -12%
Maximum -12% -16% -20%
VIS
Minimum -7% -8% -8%
Maximum -9% -10% -14%
KRV
Minimum -13% -16% -19%
Maximum -16% -21% -31%
MPS/SSF/BG Minimum 0% -2% -6%
Maximum 0% -7% -15%
LAS
Minimum -3% -3% -10%
Maximum -4% -18% -28%
CH
Minimum 2% 2% 0%
Maximum 3% 1% -3%
ORO
Minimum 0% 8% 5%
Maximum 0% -8% -7%
DOM/HR/PV Minimum 0% 0% -1%
Maximum 0% -2% -3%
STK
Minimum 0% 0% -8%
Maximum 0% -14% -17%
SLN
Minimum -6% -6% -6%
Maximum -7% -7% -7%
Table ES- 2. Categories of Projected Supply Vulnerability District Supply Vulnerability
2020 2050 2100
KRV 3 4 4
BK 3 3 4
LAS 1 3 4
VIS 2 2 3
STK 1 2 3
SLN 2 2 2
MPS/SSF/BG 1 1 3
DOM/HR/PV 1 1 1
ORO 1 1 1
CH 1 1 1
Districts in Category 1 expect <5% reduction in supply. Category 2 indicates a reduction of 5-10%.

Category 3 indicates an expected reduction of 10-15%. Category 4 reductions exceed 15%.

ES-5
Figure ES- 2. Cal Water 2100 Vulnerability to Climate Change Vulnerability levels:

Green = Low
Yellow = Moderate
Light Red = High
Dark Red = Very High
ES-6
Estimating Climate Change Impacts on Local Surface Supplies For those Cal Water districts that obtain a portion of their water supplies from local surface water, projected average annual precipitation in each of three forecast years (2020, 2050, 2100) were compared to historical precipitation to estimate the projected average annual discharge for that forecast year. Table ES-3 shows the estimated percent changes in surface water availability compared to historical averages.

Table ES- 3. Estimated Impacts on Local Surface Supply Availability District Percent Change in Runoff
2020 2050 2100
BK Minimum Impact -17% -18% -19%
Maximum Impact -18% -19% -23%
KRV Minimum Impact -17% -18% -19%
Maximum Impact -18% -19% -23%
MPS/SSF/BG Minimum Impact +3% +6% +12%
Maximum Impact +3% +5% +6%
Of the three districts, the two in the southern San Joaquin Valley are projected to experience significant reductions in their local surface supplies. In contrast, the Bear Gulch district surface supply is forecast to increase.

Estimating Climate Change Impacts on Local Groundwater Supplies Climate change impacts on Cal Water’s local groundwater supplies result from changes in projected groundwater recharge. The three groundwater recharge components include:
x Local river sources;
x Direct recharge from precipitation on the groundwater basin; and x Recharge from agricultural and urban deep percolation.

The analysis first estimated the split of local recharge among these three components using geographic and geologic data, geochemical markers, and previously published reports and other supporting information. The climate change impacts on each component were then estimated, consolidated into overall projections of recharge impacts, and compared to estimated historical recharge rates.

Estimates of impacts on river recharge used the methodology for local surface supply described above. For the purposes of this phase of work, it was assumed that the change in recharge from the river is proportional to the change in total annual discharge. The estimated amount of water that will recharge directly into a groundwater basin from rain (or snow) is based on a balance of evapotranspiration (ET), precipitation rates, and soil ES-7
water capacity. Recharge is estimated using both historical and projected precipitation and temperature data. Decadal averages in projected recharge are then used to calculate longterm trends. This is illustrated in Figure ES-3 for Kern River Valley.

Figure ES- 3. Historic and Projected Decadal Direct-Precipitation Recharge for Kern River Valley
A quantitative projection of recharge from deep percolation beneath irrigated fields and urban areas is beyond the scope of this phase. Instead, districts for which a significant proportion of recharge is from agricultural and urban water are identified and expected trends under climate change of this water source for those districts are estimated. At-risk service areas with decreasing agricultural and urban water sources can be explored further in future work.

The estimated percentage impacts on each of the recharge components are multiplied by the expected fractions that each component is of total recharge to calculate the range of expected recharge reductions. Table ES-4 shows those results for each district, excluding the impacts of urban/agricultural applied water percolation.

Actual impacts on Cal Water’s ability to pump groundwater may be less than these recharge reductions because the storage volumes in different basins have differing degrees of responsiveness to changes in recharge. The degree to which changes in recharge volumes translate into available groundwater supply is a function of the hydrogeologic attributes of the basin. A detailed understanding of those characteristics would require a level of modeling that is well beyond the scope of this phase of work. Instead, the estimates of basin responsiveness were based on the historical record of how the basin’s water level has varied with recent climate variability. For some districts, the basin appears to be highly responsive, while for others changes in climate do not have much impact.

ES-8
Table ES- 4. Projected Changes in Average Annual Groundwater Recharge District Percentage Change in
Recharge
2020 2050 2100
BK
Minimum -14% -15% -15%
Maximum -14% -15% -18%
VIS
Minimum -9% -10% -11%
Maximum -9% -10% -14%
KRV
Minimum -13.4% -19% -23%
Maximum -15% -22% -35%

MPS/SSF/BG
Minimum -2% -4% -6%
Maximum -2% -6% -12%
LAS
Minimum -7% -8% -13%
Maximum -8% -18% -25%
CH
Minimum 6% 4% 1%
Maximum 6% 2% -4%
ORO
Minimum 0% 0% 0%
Maximum 0% 0% 0%
DOM/HR/PV Minimum 0% 0% 0%
Maximum 0% 0% 0%
STK
Minimum -2% -3% -6%
Maximum -2% -4% -7%
SLN
Minimum -7% -7% -7%
Maximum -7% -7% -7%
The overall risk to Cal Water’s groundwater supplies for each district is based on the expected recharge reductions and the expected responsiveness of basin water level to those reductions. Table ES-5 rates each district’s groundwater supply risk on a 1-5 scale, with 1 indicating little or no risk and 5 indicating high risk. Figure ES-4 is a visual depiction of these ratings.

Generally speaking, the groundwater supply impacts are large for the districts in the southern San Joaquin Valley. The Los Altos District also shows a high impact, largely because a significant portion of its recharge is from imported supplies, which are forecast to decrease significantly. Further north in the Central Valley, groundwater supplies are less affected. The Bay Area and Los Angeles Basin districts also show relatively smaller impacts.

ES-9
Table ES- 5. District Groundwater Risk Ratings
District Rating
BK 5
KRV 5
LAS 5
VIS 4
SLN 3
CH 2
MPS/SSF/BG 2
STK 2
ORO 1
DOM/HR/PV 1
Figure ES- 4. Groundwater Risk Ratings
ES-10
Impacts of Climate Change on Imported Water Supplies
About half of Cal Water’s supply is imported water that is purchased from wholesale suppliers. The supply and delivery systems of these suppliers are generally very complex and it is impossible within the confines of this project to independently model the impacts of climate change on those systems. The analysis therefore relied on available data, including the results of any climate change modeling that these suppliers themselves have done and other indicators of climate change impacts.

As a result, the climate change scenarios on which the estimates of impacts on different wholesale supplies are based will differ from one another and from the approach described above for the analysis of local supply impacts. The time frames of the results also differ.

However, despite those limitations, important information about potential future climate change impacts on wholesale water supply availability was developed. Table ES-6 compares summary measures of central tendency for the potential district-specific climate change impacts on the availability of imported supplies.

Table ES- 6. Projected Climate Change Impacts on Imported Supplies District Source MidCentury
LateCentury
BK SWP -7% -17%
LAS SWP, CVP -9% -21%
ORO SWP -1% -3%
MPS/SSF/BG SFPUC -10% -20%
DOM/HR/PV MWD -1% to -2% -2% to -5%
STK USBR -5% -10%
Conclusions and Next Steps
The study results indicate significant risks for some districts. This points to the need for Cal Water to account for these risks in its future water supply planning if it is to minimize the adverse effects on its customers. The sole focus of this effort was to assess the potential climate change impacts on Cal Water’s supplies. That is an important first step in integrating climate change into supply planning, but this study was not designed to:
x Analyze the impacts of these future supply limitations on Cal Water’s ability to serve future customer demands. This is a function of such factors as water rights and contractual arrangements, how future demands are forecast to grow, how water conservation programming will affect those demands, and how Cal Water might modify the manner in which it operates its system.

ES-11
x Develop mitigation plan to evaluate how potential supply and infrastructure investments and/or acquisition of new supplies might address any adverse impacts on water supply reliability.
x Formally assess alternative approaches to incorporating climate change in Cal Water’s supply planning.

Possible next steps for Cal Water include:
x Methodological enhancements to reduce some of the uncertainties in the results reported herein;
x Development and acquisition of better and more complete data; x Extending this study to other Cal Water districts;
x Developing a plan to mitigate anticipated climate change impacts on supply; and x Integrating climate change into the Company’s ongoing water supply planning.

Despite the study’s limitations and uncertainties, three critical messages emerge:
x Cal Water supplies in the 21st century are likely to be adversely affected by climate change.
x These impacts will vary considerably across districts, depending on geography and source mix. For some districts, the impacts can be significant; for others, little or no impacts are projected.
x The impacts will generally increase over time. Anticipated late-century impacts are forecast to be significantly higher in some districts than impacts at mid-century.

Moreover, during the period that climate change is forecast to increasingly constrain supplies, demands are also generally forecast to increase, further exacerbating the adverse impacts on water supply reliability.

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Appendix G: Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Visalia District
June 2021
Water Shortage
Contingency Plan
2020 Update
Quality. Service. Value

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Chapter 1
Introduction
This document describes the water shortage contingency plan (WSCP) for the Visalia District (also referred to herein as the “District”). The WSCP includes the stages of response to a water shortage caused by drought or by supply interruptions caused by infrastructure failure, regulatory mandate, or catastrophic human-caused or natural events. The primary objective of the WSCP is to ensure that the District has in place the necessary resources and management responses needed to protect health and human safety, minimize economic disruption, and preserve environmental and community assets during water supply shortages and interruptions.

Specifically, this Plan includes the following sections:

Chapter 1 - Introduction
Chapter 2 - Water Supply Reliability Analysis
Chapter 3 - Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Procedures Chapter 4 - Water Shortage Levels
Chapter 5 - Shortage Response Actions
Chapter 6 - Communication Protocols
Chapter 7 - Compliance and Enforcement
 CWC § 10640
(a) Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall prepare its plan pursuant to Article 2 (commencing with Section 10630). The supplier shall likewise periodically review the plan as required by Section 10621, and any amendments or changes required as a result of that review shall be adopted pursuant to this article.
(b) Every urban water supplier required to prepare a water shortage contingency plan shall prepare a water shortage contingency plan pursuant to Section 10632. The supplier shall likewise periodically review the water shortage contingency plan as required by paragraph (10) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and any amendments or changes required as a result of that review shall be adopted pursuant to this article.  CWC § 10632.3
It is the intent of the Legislature that, upon proclamation by the Governor of a state of emergency under the California Emergency Services Act (Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 8550) of Division 1 of Title 2 of the Government Code) based on drought conditions, the board defer to implementation of locally adopted water shortage contingency plans to the extent practicable.

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Chapter 8 - Legal Authorities
Chapter 9 - Financial Consequences of WSCP
Chapter 10 - Monitoring and Reporting
Chapter 11 - WSCP Refinement Procedures
Chapter 12 - Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Availability California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
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Chapter 2
Water Supply Reliability Analysis
As described in Chapter 6 of the District Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP), the three Public Water Systems (PWSs) that comprise the Visalia District overlie the Kaweah Subbasin (California Department of Water Resources [DWR] Basin No. 5-022.11) and the Tule Subbasin (DWR Basin No. 5-022.13) of the San Joaquin Valley Basin. The Kaweah and Tule Subbasins are not adjudicated; however, in its recent evaluation of California’s groundwater basins, DWR determined that both subbasins are in a condition of critical overdraft. 1 Chapter 7 of the District UWMP that the groundwater supplies available to the District are considered highly reliable in extended drought conditions, and are expected to continue to be sufficient to meet projected District demands in all hydrologic conditions evaluated, including an extended five-year drought period. Although water shortage conditions are not expected to arise due to drought, this WSCP addresses potential water shortage conditions resulting from any cause (e.g., droughts, impacted distribution system infrastructure, regulatory-imposed shortage restrictions, catastrophic events, etc.).

Under SGMA, GSAs have the authority to implement projects and management actions that help basins reach their sustainability goal. As described in Chapter 6 of the District UWMP, the Visalia District falls within the jurisdiction of several Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs), the GSPs of which include various projects and management actions. These projects and management actions do not include any immediately planned groundwater pumping allocations, pumping fees, or other provisions which would be expected to impact the availability of groundwater supply to the District. If such actions are adopted in the future, Cal Water will consider them as a part of its future supply planning efforts. 1 DWR, 2019. Sustainable Groundwater Management Act 2018 Basin Prioritization, State of California, dated January 2019.
 CWC § 10632 (a) (1) The analysis of water supply reliability conducted pursuant to Section 10635.

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Chapter 3
Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Procedures
On an annual basis, the District will conduct a Supply-Demand Assessment (SDA) to identify whether there is likely to be a water shortage condition in the coming year. This assessment will assume that the following year will experience a shortfall of 20%, corresponding to Water Shortage Level 3. Each element of the annual SDA is described below.  CWC § 10632 (a) (2)
The procedures used in conducting an annual water supply and demand assessment that include, at a minimum, both of the following:
(A) The written decision-making process that an urban water supplier will use each year to determine its water supply reliability.
(B) The key data inputs and assessment methodology used to evaluate the urban water supplier’s water supply reliability for the current year and one dry year, including all of the following:
(i) Current year unconstrained demand, considering weather, growth, and other influencing factors, such as policies to manage current supplies to meet demand objectives in future years, as applicable. (ii) Current year available supply, considering hydrological and regulatory conditions in the current year and one dry year. The annual supply and demand assessment may consider more than one dry year solely at the discretion of the urban water supplier.
(iii) Existing infrastructure capabilities and plausible constraints. (iv) A defined set of locally applicable evaluation criteria that are consistently relied upon for each annual water supply and demand assessment.
(v) A description and quantification of each source of water supply.  CWC § 10632.1
An urban water supplier shall conduct an annual water supply and demand assessment pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and, on or before July 1 of each year, submit an annual water shortage assessment report to the department with information for anticipated shortage, triggered shortage response actions, compliance and enforcement actions, and communication actions consistent with the supplier’s water shortage contingency plan. An urban water supplier that relies on imported water from the State Water Project or the Bureau of Reclamation shall submit its annual water supply and demand assessment within 14 days of receiving its final allocations, or by July 1 of each year, whichever is later.  CWC § 10632.2
An urban water supplier shall follow, where feasible and appropriate, the prescribed procedures and implement determined shortage response actions in its water shortage contingency plan, as identified in subdivision (a) of Section 10632, or reasonable alternative actions, provided that descriptions of the alternative actions are submitted with the annual water shortage assessment report pursuant to Section 10632.1. Nothing in this section prohibits an urban water supplier from taking actions not specified in its water shortage contingency plan, if needed, without having to formally amend its urban water management plan or water shortage contingency plan.

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1. Evaluation Criteria
The evaluation criteria that will be used to identify whether the District is likely to experience a water shortage in the coming year include:
a. Supply Well Operational Constraints - A comparison of groundwater level elevations to well operational depths to identify the need to (1) lower pump depths, (2) deepen existing wells, or (3) site and drill additional supply wells. b. Treatment and Distribution System Constraints - An assessment of the probabilities of facility and infrastructure outages and the degree to which they could limit Cal Water’s ability to access, convey, or treat adequate supplies, including any planned maintenance or capital improvements over the next year that could affect its ability to provide sufficient supply to meet demands. c. Local Regulatory Conditions - Evaluation of (1) any new GSA policies (e.g., pumping allocations) or sustainability criteria that could trigger a change in groundwater volume available for pumping, and (2) any new limitations on well permitting that could limit the ability to deepen existing supply wells or drill new supply wells.
d. State Regulatory Conditions - Evaluation of any state-mandated drought or water use restrictions.

These criteria will be assessed by Cal Water staff, including District staff with detailed knowledge of District operations, well conditions, and local GSA activities. The data used to support these assessments may include, but is not limited to, supply capacity, supply and pump capacity, firm capacities, tank storage capacity, groundwater level measurements, system demand, and zone demand.

2. Water Supply
The District obtains its supplies from the Kaweah Subbasin (California Department of Water Resources [DWR] Basin No. 5-022.11) and the Tule Subbasin (DWR Basin No. 5- 022.13) of the San Joaquin Valley Basin. Since these subbasins are not adjudicated and there are currently no GSA-mandated pumping limitations, the groundwater supply is assumed to be adequate to meet projected demands under all hydrologic conditions.

The only identified potential constraints on water supply are the operational limitations and potential local regulatory conditions identified as evaluation criteria above.

3. Unconstrained Customer Demand
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The demand forecast described in Chapter 4 of the District UWMP yields the anticipated unconstrained water demand, i.e. the expected water use in the absence of shortagecaused reductions in water use. During a drought cycle, unconstrained demand typically increases due to higher than normal air temperatures and lower than normal precipitation. The supply reliability analysis and Drought Risk Assessment presented in Chapter 7 of the District UWMP accounts for this anticipated shift in unconstrained water demand, and as discussed above, even with these increases in demand the available groundwater supply is expected to be sufficient to meet these demands.

The model underlying the demand forecast described in Chapter 4 of the District UWMP has an annual time step. Cal Water has begun developing a short-term demand model with a monthly time step that will be more appropriate for the annual supply-demand assessments.

4. Planned Water Use for Current Year Considering Dry Subsequent Year Cal Water will evaluate the anticipated supplies for the current year, assuming that the following year will be dry, as defined above, using the Evaluation Criteria identified above. Barring changes in supply availability per the Evaluation Criteria, the assumed dry subsequent year is not expected to affect the manner in which Cal Water will draw water from the basin in the current year, and the planned water use for the current year will equal the unconstrained demand.

5. Infrastructure Considerations
As part of its triennial General Rate Case applications to the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), Cal Water prepares a Supply-Demand Analysis (CPUC SD Analysis) for each of its Districts. The CPUC SD Analysis is an inventory of water production and pump assets that provide direct and indirect sources of supply to meet customer demands in accordance with CPUC General Order 103-A and California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 22 Waterworks Standards. This CPUC SD Analysis is based on a combination of regulatory requirements, professional consultant recommendations, and industry standard practices, including those from the American Water Works Association (AWWA) and American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). It identifies specific vulnerabilities in different pressure zones within the system and evaluates the system against performance criteria that meet regulatory requirements and ensure operationally adequate levels of service.

Cal Water plans to extend the District CPUC SD Analysis to perform this analysis on an annual basis. This analysis will guide Cal Water’s annual evaluation of operational treatment/distribution constraints that could potentially limit the availability of supplies. This evaluation of supply well operational constraints and treatment and California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
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distribution constraints will be completed by March 31 of each year and will assess potential impacts on supply availability. If such constraints are identified, Cal Water will develop a plan to address these constraints, mitigate potential effects, and implement the appropriate water shortage stage of action per Chapter 5, below.

6. Other Factors
As identified under the Evaluation Criteria above, local regulatory conditions could potentially limit the availability of supplies. Therefore, Cal Water will evaluate the development of new regulatory constraints by March 31 of each year and assess their potential impacts on supply availability. If such constraints are identified, Cal Water will develop a plan to address these constraints and mitigate potential effects and implement the appropriate water shortage stage of action per Chapter 5 below.

Consistent with California Water Code (CWC) § 10632.1, Cal Water will perform and submit an SDA to DWR by July 1st of each year beginning in 2022.

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Chapter 4
Water Shortage Levels
Consistent with the requirements of CWC § 10632(a)(3), this WSCP is based on the six water shortage levels (also referred to as “stages”) shown in Table 4-1 for the water year ending September 2020. These shortage stages are intended to address shortage caused by any condition, including the catastrophic interruption of water supplies.

Table 4-1. Water Shortage Contingency Plan Levels (DWR Table 8-1) Shortage
Level
Percent
Shortage Range Shortage Response Actions
1 Up to 10% Demand reduction (See Table 5-1)
2 Up to 20% Demand reduction (See Table 5-1)
3 Up to 30% Demand reduction (See Table 5-1)
4 Up to 40% Demand reduction (See Table 5-1)
5 Up to 50% Demand reduction (See Table 5-1)
6 >50% Demand reduction (See Table 5-1)
NOTES:

Shortage response actions for each of these stages are identified and discussed in Chapter 5.  CWC § 10632 (a) (3)
(A) Six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive ranges of up to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent shortages and greater than 50 percent shortage. Urban water suppliers shall define these shortage levels based on the suppliers’ water supply conditions, including percentage reductions in water supply, changes in groundwater levels, changes in surface elevation or level of subsidence, or other changes in hydrological or other local conditions indicative of the water supply available for use. Shortage levels shall also apply to catastrophic interruption of water supplies, including, but not limited to, a regional power outage, an earthquake, and other potential emergency events.
(B) An urban water supplier with an existing water shortage contingency plan that uses different water shortage levels may comply with the requirement in subparagraph (A) by developing and including a crossreference relating its existing categories to the six standard water shortage levels.

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Chapter 5
Shortage Response Actions
This chapter describes the response actions Cal Water will take to deal with the shortages associated with each of the six stages enumerated in Chapter 4. As discussed above, the existing groundwater supply of the District is expected to be able to serve 100% of future demands under all conditions of precipitation and hydrology. However, inasmuch as Cal Water may have to implement shortage response actions to comply with state mandates, local regulatory changes, or respond to catastrophic events, it is important to carefully identify and describe the anticipated necessary actions.

5.1 Demand Reduction
The combinations of demand-reduction actions required to resolve the shortages associated with each of the six drought stages are based on Cal Water’s experiences in dealing with past drought-related shortages and also include other actions deemed appropriate to achieve the required demand reductions. In order to evaluate and ensure that the right actions would be implemented with the proper level of intensity, Cal Water employed the Drought Response Tool (DRT), an Excel spreadsheet model developed by EKI Environment and Water, Inc.

The DRT provides a quantitative framework that allows Cal Water to systematically estimate the monthly and cumulative annual demand reductions expected to result from particular combinations of drought response actions and associated implementation rates. Data inputs to  CWC § 10632 (a) (4)
Shortage response actions that align with the defined shortage levels and include, at a minimum, all of the following:
(A) Locally appropriate supply augmentation actions.
(B) Locally appropriate demand reduction actions to adequately respond to shortages. (C) Locally appropriate operational changes.
(D) Additional, mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices that are in addition to statemandated prohibitions and appropriate to the local conditions. (E) For each action, an estimate of the extent to which the gap between supplies and demand will be reduced by implementation of the action.
 CWC § 10632 (b)
For purposes of developing the water shortage contingency plan pursuant to subdivision (a), an urban water supplier shall analyze and define water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 115921 of the Health and Safety Code.

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the DRT include total production, class-specific water use, population, and assumptions regarding the split between indoor and outdoor water use for each customer class.

For each drought response action, the user specifies:
• The customer class(es) and end use(s) that are affected; • The percent savings for those end use(s) for each account that implements the action.

These are based on evaluations reported in the literature, or where such studies are not available, on best estimates based on Cal Water experience; and • The percentage of accounts assumed to implement the action, which is presumed to be the result of the intensity level of Cal Water program implementation, including but not limited to marketing and enforcement activities.

Based on the foregoing inputs, the DRT model calculates the resulting monthly savings. Cal Water adjusted the combination of actions and implementation levels to achieve the targeted savings levels at each of the six shortage stages.

In order to evaluate the robustness of the DRT model, Cal Water modeled the actions implemented during the height of the last drought for a subset of its Districts, and found that the modeled water shortage reductions were generally consistent with the responses observed in its Districts. In short, the DRT is a robust, transparent tool to tie a particular set of shortageresponse actions to an expected reduction in demand.

For each of the six water shortage stages, the modeling targeted the mid-range of the required demand reduction range, ergo:
• 5% for Stage 1,
• 15% for Stage 2,
• 25% for Stage 3,
• 35% for Stage 4,
• 45% for Stage 5, and
• 55% for Stage 6.

The key DRT inputs and outputs for each of the six water shortage stages are reproduced in Attachment A.

Table 5-1 shows the water shortage reduction actions, savings assumptions, and implementation rates that are required for the District to achieve the targeted annual demand reductions for each of the six shortage stages. At each stage, there are two types of demandreduction actions identified:
• Restrictions on customer water usage; and
• Consumption reduction actions by Cal Water to encourage decreased water usage.

The total demand reductions are governed by is a set of user-specified constraints to ensure that usage levels do not endanger health and safety or result in unacceptable economic impacts. The DRT will not permit estimated usage reductions to violate these constraints, California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
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regardless of the demand reduction actions selected. For most Cal Water districts, including Visalia, the following default constraints are used:
• A minimum residential indoor per capita daily usage of 25 gallons, • A maximum residential outdoor usage reduction of 100%, • A maximum Commercial, industrial, and institutional (CII) indoor usage reduction of 30%, and
• A maximum CII outdoor usage reduction of 100%.

Many actions are implemented across a number of stages, some at increasing implementation levels. Therefore the actions are listed as a row under the first stage at which they are implemented, and the implementation rate is shown under each stage column heading at the right. The unit savings represent a percentage savings of the end uses indicated in the table.

Because of the of the DRT logic described above, the format of Table 5-1 differs from that of the default DWR table.

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Table 5-1. Demand Reduction Actions to Achieve Required Savings (DWR Table 8-2) Water Shortage Response Action End Use(s) End Use
Savings
IMPLEMENTATION RATES BY STAGE Penalty, Charge,
or Other
1 2 3 4 5 6 Enforcement?
Stage 1: Minimal Shortage
Restrictions
Landscape - Limit landscape irrigation to
specific times Irrigation 10% 75% 75% N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes Other - Customers must repair leaks, breaks,
and malfunctions in a timely manner Leaks 100% 15% 20% 25% 50% 50% 75% Yes Landscape - Restrict or prohibit runoff from
landscape irrigation Irrigation 3% 15% 40% 50% 50% 50% 50% Yes Landscape - Prohibit application of potable
water to outdoor landscapes within 48 hours
of measurable rainfall
Irrigation 20% 15% 40% 50% 50% 100% 100% Yes
Other - Prohibit use of potable water for
washing hard surfaces Misc. Outdoor 17% 15% 40% 50% 50% 50% 50% Yes CII - Lodging establishments must offer opt
out of linen service Fixtures & Appliances 1% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% Yes Consumption Reduction
Expand Public Information/Media Campaign All 0.5% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 75% No Water Bill Inserts All 1% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% No Promote online water waste reporting All 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% No Expand Rebates or Giveaways of Plumbing
Fixtures and Devices All 10% 1% 1% 2% 4% 5% 5% No
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Water Shortage Response Action End Use(s) End Use
Savings
IMPLEMENTATION RATES BY STAGE Penalty, Charge,
or Other
1 2 3 4 5 6 Enforcement?
Expand Rebates for Landscape Irrigation
Efficiency All 10% 1% 1% 2% 4% 5% 5% No
Expand CII Water Use Surveys All CII uses 5% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% No Expand Res Water Use Surveys All Residential Uses 5% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% No Stage 2: Moderate Shortage
Restrictions
Prohibit the use of non-recirculating systems
in all new conveyer car wash and commercial
laundry systems
Fixtures & Appliances 50% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Yes
Prohibit the use of single pass cooling
systems in new connections Cooling 50% 0% 0% 0% 20% 20% Yes CII - Restaurants may only serve water upon
request Fixtures & Appliances 0.50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% Yes No watering of landscape of newly
constructed homes and buildings in a manner
inconsistent with regulations or other
requirements established by the California
Building Standards Commission and the
Department of Housing and Community
Development
Irrigation 50% 1.83% 1.83% 1.83% 1.83% 1.83% Yes
Prohibit Potable Water Use for Decorative
Water Features that do not Recirculate
Water
Misc. Outdoor 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% Yes
Consumption Reduction
Water Efficiency Workshops, Public Events All Residential Uses 5.00% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% No California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
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Water Shortage Response Action End Use(s) End Use
Savings
IMPLEMENTATION RATES BY STAGE Penalty, Charge,
or Other
1 2 3 4 5 6 Enforcement?
Offer Water Use Surveys All 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% No
Provide Rebates or Giveaways of Plumbing
Fixtures and Devices All 10% 1% 2% 4% 5% 5% No
Provide Rebates for Landscape Irrigation
Efficiency All 10% 1% 2% 4% 5% 5% No
Stage 3: Severe Shortage
Restrictions
Landscape - Limit landscape irrigation to 1-3
days/week Irrigation 15%-79%
1 25% 25% 25% 75% Yes
Landscape - Prohibit irrigation of ornamental
turf on public street medians with potable
water
Irrigation 100% 20% 20% 25% 30% Yes
Prohibit Filling Ornamental Lakes or
Ponds Irrigation 100% 1% 1% 1% 1% Yes
Consumption Reduction
Home or Mobile Water Use Reports All 5% 15% 25% 25% 50% No Decrease Frequency and Length of Line
Flushing Non Revenue Water 25% 50% 50% 50% 50% No
Reduce System Water Loss Non Revenue Water 100% 10% 10% 10% 20% No Increase Water Waste Patrols/Enforcement All 10% 1% 3% 5% 5% No Implement Drought Rate Structure and
Customer Water Budgets (Res) All Residential Uses 30%-60% 2 40% 25% 25% 25% No
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Water Shortage Response Action End Use(s) End Use
Savings
IMPLEMENTATION RATES BY STAGE Penalty, Charge,
or Other
1 2 3 4 5 6 Enforcement?
Implement Drought Rate Structure and
Customer Water Budgets (CII) All CII uses 10%-30%
3 40% 25% 25% 50% No
Stage 4: Critical Shortage
Water Use Restrictions
Prohibit use of potable water for
construction and dust control Misc. Outdoor 100% 1% 1% 1% Yes Prohibit use of potable water for street
washing Misc. Outdoor 100% 1% 1% 1% Yes
Prohibit vehicle washing except with recycled
water
Misc. Outdoor 10% 50% 50% 50% Yes
Consumption Reduction Actions
Promote / Expand Use of Recycled Water Irrigation 100% 0% 0% 0% No Stage 5: Emergency Shortage
Water Use Restrictions
Require net zero demand Increase on new
water service connections All 100% 1.83% 1.83% Yes
Prohibit use of water for recreational
purposes (Prohibit filling of pools) Misc. Outdoor 100% 1% 1% Yes Prohibit single-pass cooling systems Cooling 50% 20% 20% Yes Consumption Reduction Actions
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Water Shortage Response Action End Use(s) End Use
Savings
IMPLEMENTATION RATES BY STAGE Penalty, Charge,
or Other
1 2 3 4 5 6 Enforcement?
Require Pool Covers Misc. Outdoor 28% 10% 10% No
Stage 6: Extreme Shortage
Water Use Restrictions
Moratorium on new water service
connections All 100% 1.83% Yes
Landscape - Prohibit all landscape irrigation Irrigation 100% 50% Yes 8% 15% 27% 34% 49% 55%
NOTES:

1. Watering restricted to 3 days/wk in Stage 3; 2 days/wl in Stage 4; 1 day/wk in Stage 5.

2. Residential water budgets of 30% for Stage 3, 40% for Stage 4; 50% for Stage 5, 60% for Stage 6.

3. CII water budgets of 10% for Stage 3, 20% for Stage 4, 30% for Stages 5 and 6.

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5.2 Supply Augmentation
As indicated in Table 5-2, Cal Water has not identified any supply augmentation actions to assist in resolving future District water shortages. As identified in Chapter 3, Cal Water may consider deepening or drilling new wells if necessary due to declining groundwater levels. However, Cal Water considers these actions to be operational changes (described in Section 5.3), rather than accessing a new supply source.

Table 5-2. Supply Augmentation and Other Actions (DWR Table 8-3) Shortage
Level
Supply Augmentation
Methods and Other
Actions by Water
Supplier
How much is this
going to reduce the
shortage gap?
Additional Explanation
or Reference
(optional)
NOTES:

5.3 Operational Changes
As discussed above in Chapter 3, the primary operational change that Cal Water will consider in the District is extracting groundwater from a lower elevation, utilizing the deeper wells that are drilled following identification of this need as part of the annual SDA. As identified in Table 5-1, the District will also decrease the frequency and length of line flushing under Stage 3 and beyond. The District will also evaluate the potential benefits of altering other maintenance cycles and expediting infrastructure repairs to improve system efficiency, to the extent feasible.

In addition, Cal Water is actively participating in the GSP development process, and will make whatever operational changes are necessary to conform to the results of that process.

5.4 Mandatory Restrictions
The water shortage response actions included in Table 5-1 include a variety of mandatory customer water use restrictions that will be necessary to achieve the targeted demand reductions for the different shortage stages. The types of restrictions and the manner and degree of enforcement for these restrictions vary by stage, and are discussed in Chapter 7.

5.5 Emergency Response Plan
Cal Water has an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) in place that coordinates the overall response to a disaster. The ERP addresses the Company’s responsibilities in emergencies associated with natural disaster, human-caused emergencies, and technological incidents. It provides a California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
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framework for coordination of response and recovery efforts within the Company in cooperation with local, State, and Federal agencies, as well as other public and private organizations. The ERP establishes an emergency organization to direct and control operations during a period of emergency by assigning responsibilities to specific personnel.

The ERP does the following:
• It conforms to the State mandated Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) and the National Incident Management System (NIMS), and it effectively structures emergency response at all levels in compliance with the Incident Command System (ICS).
• It establishes response policies and procedures, while provide the Company clear guidance related to emergency planning.
• It describes and details procedural steps necessary to protect lives and property. • It outlines coordination requirements.
• It provides a basis for unified training and response exercises to ensure compliance.

The Visalia District has installed backup power generators at some of its well sites, booster sites, and pump storage sites that can be operated in the event of a system wide power outage.

A complete loss of power has never been experienced, but the generators have been used in the past to overcome localized outages.

The Visalia District does not have any interties, emergency or otherwise, with any other agencies.

5.6 Seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan
Cal Water’s ERP includes information on various hazards and a related fault map overlying the District. The Tulare County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, which includes additional discussion of area earthquake risk and mitigation, can be found at https://oes.tularecounty.ca.gov/oes/index.cfm/mitigation/.  CWC § 10632.5
(a) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632, beginning January 1, 2020, the plan shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan to assess the vulnerability of each of the various facilities of a water system and mitigate those vulnerabilities. (b) An urban water supplier shall update the seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan when updating its urban water management plan as required by Section 10621. (c) An urban water supplier may comply with this section by submitting, pursuant to Section 10644, a copy of the most recent adopted local hazard mitigation plan or multihazard mitigation plan under the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390) if the local hazard mitigation plan or multihazard mitigation plan addresses seismic risk.

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5.7 Shortage Response Action Effectiveness
Table 5-1 above shows the effectiveness of the specific demand-reduction actions and implementation levels necessary for the District to achieve the targeted savings for each water shortage stage. The bottom row indicates the total annual cumulative savings expected to be reached at each water shortage stage level. Additional details, including anticipated savings on a month-by-month basis are provided in the DRT model inputs and outputs included in Attachment A.

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Chapter 6
Communication Protocols
Cal Water intends to escalate communication to customers and stakeholders, as needed, throughout any water shortage situation to help ensure they are aware of current conditions, any water use restrictions that are in effect, and the many ways Cal Water can help them reduce their water use. Cal Water’s outreach efforts include multiple channels, including bill messages, bill inserts, direct mail, email, letters, social media, print, radio, music streaming services, TV, over-the-top media, movie theatre advertising, and group presentations.

These efforts will expand on current Cal Water outreach efforts and will be customized to the needs at the time of the shortage to ensure a proper channel mix so that the maximum audience is reached as efficiently as possible.
 CWC § 10632 (a) (5)
Communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and state governments, regarding, at a minimum, all of the following:
(A) Any current or predicted shortages as determined by the annual water supply and demand assessment described pursuant to Section 10632.1.
(B) Any shortage response actions triggered or anticipated to be triggered by the annual water supply and demand assessment described pursuant to Section 10632.1. (C) Any other relevant communications.

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Chapter 7
Compliance and Enforcement

7.1 Water Use Restrictions
In accordance with Rule 14.1, Cal Water is currently authorized to take the following actions to enforce the water use restrictions:

First Violation: Cal Water shall provide the customer with a written notice of violation.

Second Violation: If Cal Water verifies that the customer has used potable water for non- essential, wasteful uses after having been notified of the first violation, Cal Water shall provide the customer with a second written notice of violation and is authorized to install a flow-restricting device on the customer’s service line.

Cal Water plans to submit to the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) an update to Rule 14.1 to align with the restrictions identified in this WSCP. Rule 14.1 and Schedule 14.1 are discussed in more detail in Chapter 8.

7.2 Non-Essential, Wasteful Uses
In the event that more stringent measures are needed, implementation of Schedule 14.1 would be requested from the CPUC. If implemented, Cal Water is currently authorized to take the following actions when its personnel verify a customer is using potable water for non-essential, wasteful uses.

First Violation: Cal Water shall provide the customer with a written notice of violation.

In addition, Cal Water is authorized to take the following actions:

A. If the customer currently receives service through a metered connection, install a real- time water measurement device on the customer’s service line and provide the customer with access to information from the device. The cost of the device, including installation and ongoing operating costs, may be billed to the customer, and nonpayment may result in discontinuance of service.

B. If the customer does not currently receive service through a metered connection, install a water meter on the customer’s service line, charge the customer for water use pursuant to Cal Water’s metered service tariffs and rules,  CWC § 10632 (a) (6) For an urban retail water supplier, customer compliance, enforcement, appeal, and exemption procedures for triggered shortage response actions as determined pursuant to Section 10632.2.

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and install a real-time water measurement device on the customer’s service line and provide the customer with access to information from the device. The cost of the device, including installation and ongoing operating costs, may be billed to the customer, and nonpayment may result in discontinuance of service.

Second Violation: If Cal Water verifies that the customer has used potable water for non- essential, wasteful uses after having been notified of the first violation, Cal Water shall provide the customer with a second written notice of violation. In addition to the actions prescribed under the first violation above, Cal Water is authorized to take the following actions:

A. Apply the following waste of water penalties, which are in addition to any other charges authorized by this Schedule or other Cal Water tariffs. i. If Stage 1 is in effect, $25
ii. If Stage 2 is in effect, $50
iii. If Stage 3 is in effect, $100
iv. If Stage 4 is in effect, $200
B. At its sole discretion, waive the waste of water penalty if the customer participates in a water use evaluation provided by Cal Water and/or provides documentation to Cal Water proving that a drip irrigation system, micro spray irrigation system, high-efficiency sprinkler system, or properly programmed smart irrigation controller has been installed, after a notice of violation was delivered, and is in use at the customer’s service address.

Third Violation: If Cal Water verifies that the customer has used potable water for nonessential, wasteful uses after having been notified of the second violation, Cal Water shall provide the first and second violations above, Cal Water is authorized to take the following actions:

A. A. Apply the following waste of water penalties, which are in addition to any other charges authorized by this Schedule or other Cal Water tariffs. i. If Stage 1 is in effect, $50
ii. If Stage 2 is in effect, $100
iii. If Stage 3 is in effect, $200
iv. If Stage 4 is in effect, $400
B. At its sole discretion, waive the waste of water surcharge if the customer participates in a water use evaluation provided by Cal Water and/or provides California Water Service 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Visalia District
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documentation to Cal Water proving that a drip irrigation system, micro spray irrigation system, high- efficiency sprinkler system, or properly programmed smart irrigation controller has been installed, after notice of violations have been delivered, and is in use at the customer’s service address.

Fourth Violation: If Cal Water verifies that the customer has used potable water for non- essential, wasteful uses after having been notified of the third violation, Cal Water shall provide the customer with a fourth written notice of violation. In addition to actions set forth in previous violations prescribed above, Cal Water is authorized to install a flow- restricting device on the customer’s service line.

Egregious Violations: Notwithstanding the foregoing framework for penalties, customers who Cal Water has verified are egregiously using potable water for nonessential, wasteful uses are subject to having a flow- restricting device installed on their service line. After providing the customer with one notice of egregious violation, either by direct mail or door hanger, which documents the egregious use of potable water for non-essential, wasteful uses and explains that failure to correct the violation may result in the installation of a flow-restricting device on the customer’s service line, Cal Water is authorized to install a flow-restricting device on the customer’s service line.

Cal Water plans to submit to the CPUC an update to Schedule 14.1 to align with this WSCP including, but not limited to, consistency with the new six stage shortage level structure.

7.3 Drought Surcharges
Water budgets and associated drought surcharges are included as actions in Table 5-1. Cal Water will implement such actions through the implementation of Schedule 14.1.

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Chapter 8
Legal Authorities
Cal Water is an investor-owned water utility that is regulated by the CPUC. As such, it does not have the authority to adopt resolutions or ordinances. Rule 14.1, as filed with the CPUC, serves as Cal Water’s WSCP and includes Mandatory Staged Restrictions of Water Use. In the event that more stringent measures are required, Cal Water may request the addition of Schedule

14.1 which includes Staged Mandatory Water Use Reductions. Cal Water shall coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water supply services for the possible proclamation of a local emergency as defined in Section 8558 of the Government Code and to ensure consistency with local resolutions and ordinances.

On April 1, 2016, Cal Water filed its current Schedule 14.1 with the CPUC.2 The Schedule lays out the staged mandatory reductions and drought surcharges associated with Cal Water’s WSCP. This filing is consistent with Resolution W‐5034, adopted by the Commission on April 9, 2015, ordering compliance with requirements of the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).

Schedule 14.1 is an extension of the WSCP provided in Rule 14.1. The compliance and enforcement information presented in Chapter 7 is based on the current versions of both Rule

14.1 and Schedule 14.1, which are based, in part, on the specific SWRCB requirements associated with the Governor’s Executive Order B-29-15, which required statewide cutbacks to address the unprecedented 2011-2017 drought, as well as the additional information required pursuant to the CWC.

Cal Water plans to submit an update to Rule 14.1 and Schedule 14.1 to the CPUC to align with this WSCP.
2 For reference, the current version of Rule 14.1 is included as Attachment B.  CWC § 10632 (a) (7)
(A) A description of the legal authorities that empower the urban water supplier to implement and enforce its shortage response actions specified in paragraph (4) that may include, but are not limited to, statutory authorities, ordinances, resolutions, and contract provisions. (B) A statement that an urban water supplier shall declare a water shortage emergency in accordance with Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 350) of Division 1.
(C) A statement that an urban water supplier shall coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water supply services for the possible proclamation of a local emergency, as defined in Section 8558 of the Government Code.

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In the event of a determination of a water shortage Cal Water shall declare a water shortage emergency in accordance with the Water Code Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 350) of Division 1 and implement the Water Shortage Contingency Plan at the appropriate Stage.

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Chapter 9
Financial Consequences of WSCP
In 2008, the CPUC approved the creation of a Water Revenue Adjustment Mechanism (WRAM) and Modified Cost Balancing Accounts (MCBA). The goals of the WRAM and MCBA are to sever the relationship between sales and revenue to remove the disincentive to reduce water use.

The WRAM and MCBA are designed to be revenue neutral in order to ensure that both the utility and ratepayers are neither harmed nor benefitted.

In 2020, the CPUC ordered that regulated water utilities may not include the continuation of the WRAM and MCBA in their next general rate case filing but may propose the use of a Monterey-Style Revenue Adjustment Mechanism and Incremental Cost Balancing Account. As such, the WRAM and MCBA will no longer be in place for Cal Water beginning in 2023.

During a water shortage, Cal Water will file for a Drought Memorandum Account, or similar, to track incremental shortage-related expenses to be reviewed by the CPUC for future recovery in rates. Cal Water will also file for a Drought Lost Revenue Memorandum Account, or similar, to track reduced sales to be reviewed by the CPUC for future recovery in rates.

Both the Drought Memorandum Account and Drought Lost Revenue Memorandum Account are mechanisms that have been approved by the CPUC in previous droughts.  CWC § 10632 (a) (8)
A description of the financial consequences of, and responses for, drought conditions, including, but not limited to, all of the following:
(A) A description of potential revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions described in paragraph (4).
(B) A description of mitigation actions needed to address revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions described in paragraph (4). (C) A description of the cost of compliance with Chapter 3.3 (commencing with Section 365) of Division 1.

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Chapter 10
Monitoring and Reporting
During the period 2014-16, in order to effectively respond to the drought, Cal Water realigned its organizational structure to ensure sufficient resources were available to implement its WSCP. The day-to-day implementation was overseen by the Director of Drought Management & Conservation, with the assistance of the Drought Response Project Manager. The Director of Drought Management & Conservation reported to a team of Cal Water’s Officers (Steering Committee), including the President & CEO, the Vice President of Corporate Communications & Community Affairs, the Vice President of Customer Service & Information Technology, the Vice President of Operations, and the Vice President of Continuous Improvement.

Reporting to the Director of Drought Management & Conservation was a team of functional leads, each responsible for managing individual portions of Cal Water’s Plan. This team included the Director of Customer Service, the Water Conservation Manager, the Manager of Corporate Communications, the Water Supply Manager, and the Government & Community Relations Manager.

Cal Water would implement a similar structure to effectively manage future water shortages.

This structure includes regular meetings with reporting on items such as:
• Aggregate customer demands,
• Customer compliance with water use restrictions,
• Current and projected water supply conditions,
• Customer outreach activities,
• Customer service inquiries, and
• Operations activities (e.g., water flushing activities, leak repairs, etc.).  CWC § 10632 (a) (9) For an urban retail water supplier, monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data is collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance and to meet state reporting requirements.

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Chapter 11
WSCP Refinement Procedures
Cal Water’s Drought Steering Committee utilizes an adaptive management process to regularly assess and determine adjustments and changes to the implementation of the WSCP. These refinements are implemented by the Director of Drought Management & Conservation (or equivalent) through the team of functional leads.
 CWC § 10632 (a) (10) Reevaluation and improvement procedures for systematically monitoring and evaluating the functionality of the water shortage contingency plan in order to ensure shortage risk tolerance is adequate and appropriate water shortage mitigation strategies are implemented as needed.

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Chapter 12
Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Availability
The deadline for public comments on the WSCP was June 18, 2021. The final WSCP was formally adopted by Cal Water’s Vice President of Customer Service & Chief Citizenship Officer on June 20, 2021. The District UWMP includes a copy of the signed Resolution of Plan Adoption and contains the following:
• Letters sent to and received from various agencies regarding the UWMP and WSCP, and
• Correspondence between Cal Water and participating agencies.

This UWMP and WSCP were submitted to DWR within 30 days of adoption and by the July 1, 2021 deadline. The submittal was done electronically through Water Use Efficiency Data Portal, an online submittal tool. The adopted WSCP was also sent to the California State Library and to the cities and counties listed in Table 10-1 of the District UWMP.

On or about May 3, 2021, electronic versions of the draft 2020 UWMP and WSCP were made available for review by visiting Cal Water’s website:
https://www.calwater.com/conservation/uwmp. 3

3 Restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic prevented the District from making a printed hard-copy available for public review as previously planned.
 CWC § 10632 (c) The urban water supplier shall make available the water shortage contingency plan prepared pursuant to this article to its customers and any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 30 days after adoption of the water shortage contingency plan.

Attachment A
Key Drought Response Tool Tables and Charts
Agency Name Visalia
Total Population Served 146,639
Conservation Goal (%) 5%
Drought Stage Stage 1
Number of Residential Accounts 41,251
Number of Commercial, Industrial, and
Institutional (CII) Accounts 4,124
Number of Dedicated Irrigation Accounts 0
Baseline Year(s) 2020
Percentage of Residential Indoor Use
During Minimum Month (%) 76%
Percentage of Comm-Gov Indoor Use
During Minimum Month (%) 77%
Comments VIS
Enter Agency Information
Visalia
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Drought Response Tool
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Year Water Use
Baseline Year
Water Use
Profile
Drought
Response
Actions
Estimated
Water Savings
Drought
Response
Tracking
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Date Printed: 6/22/2021
Drought Response Tool
© 2015 Erler & Kalinowski, Inc.

Visalia
1 - Home
Drought Response Tool
Home Input Baseline
Year Water Use
Baseline Year
Water Use
Profile
Drought
Response
Actions
Estimated
Water Savings
Drought
Response
Tracking
Enter agency information
Enter Baseline Year production and use
Review and confirm entered information
Select Drought Response Actions and input estimated water savings and implementation rates.

Review estimated water production and compare estimated savings to conservation target.

Track production and water savings against the conservation target.

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2 - INPUT BASELINE

YEAR WATER USE
3 - BASELINE YEAR

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RESPONSE TRACKING

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