Visalia City Council
June 2, 2025

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and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710

Blankenship Housing Subdivision Development,
Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment
Visalia, CA 93292
Assessor Parcel Numbers
123-400-001 & 006
Tulare County, California

Prepared for
San Joaquin Valley Homes
5607 Avenida de los Robles
Visalia CA, 93291

Prepared by

1322 E Shaw Ave.

Fresno, CA 93710

Heather Froshour, M.A., R.P.A
Senior Archaeologist

January 17, 2025

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ii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Soar Environmental Consulting, Inc. (Soar Environmental) has been retained by San Joaquin Valley Homes (SJVH) to prepare a Phase 1 Cultural Resources Assessment (Phase 1 CRA) for a Housing Subdivision Development Project (Project) in the city of Visalia (City), in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) prior to implementation of the proposed Project. The proposed project is to construct 201 housing units and a 6.85-acre lot zoned for commercial use on 62.54 acres on Assessor Parcel Numbers (APNs) 123-400-001 and 006. The purpose of the CRA is to provide an inventory of the known and potentially significant cultural resources within the Project area through a California Historical Records Information search (CHRIS) using the Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center (SSJVIC), as well as a Sacred Lands File & Native American Contacts List Request through the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC).

The results of the records search indicate four (4) cultural resource(s) recorded within 0.50-mile of the Project area. The records searches indicate one (1) recorded resource within the Project area. The pedestrian survey identified no existing resources within the Project area. No site testing or mitigation measures are required, unless previously undiscovered cultural resources are detected during construction.

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1 Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………..

1.0 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………..........

1.1 Project Description………………………………………………………………........

1.2 Existing Conditions……………………………………………………………………

2.0 REGULATORY SETTING…………………………………………………………………...

2.1 Federal…………………………………………………………………………………

2.2 State of California……………………………………………………………………..

2.3 Local…………………………………………………………………………………...

3.0 SETTING……………………………………………………………………………………..

3.1 Environmental Setting…………………………………………………………………

3.2 Cultural Setting……………………………………………………………………….

3.2.1 Prehistoric Setting…………………………………………………………..

3.2.2 Ethnographic Setting………………………………………………………..

3.2.3 Historic Setting……………………………………………………………..

4.0 ARCHIVAL RECORDS SEARCH…………………………………………………………..

4.1 Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center Records Search…………………...

4.2 Sacred Lands File & Native American Contacts List Request………………………..

4.3 National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) Eligibility Evaluation……………..

5.0 PREVIOUS DISTURBANCES IN THE PROJECT AREA……………………………..........

6.0 FIELD SURVEY METHODS AND RESULTS……………………………………………...

7.0 RECOMMENDED ACTIONS AND MITIGATION MEASURES………………………...

8.0 REFERENCES CITED………………………………………………………………………..
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24 FIGURES
Figure 1— Project Location, adapted from USGS 7.5’ series Visalia, California, 2021………….

Figure 2— Project Boundary Map adapted from USGS 7.5’ series Visalia, California, 2003…… Figure 3— Soil Types Occurring in the Project area…………..…………………………..……..

Figure 4— Proposed Site Plan..……………………………………………..……………….…… Figure 5— Overview of project area from north edge, facing south………………………..…… Figure 6— Overview of project area from northeast corner, east of 841 Caldwell Ave, facing southwest………………………………………………………………………………………….

Figure 7— Overview of project area from northeast corner, west of 841 Caldwell Ave, facing south………………………………………………………………………………………….…....

Figure 8— Overview of project area from east edge, facing west……………………………..… Figure 9— Overview of project area from southeast corner, facing northwest…………………..

Figure 10— Overview of project area from southwest corner, facing northeast…….…………...

Figure 11— Overview of project area from west edge, facing east…………………..…………..

Figure 12— Overview of project area from northwest corner, facing southeast………………… Figure 13— Overview of project area from center, facing north……….………………………..

Figure 14— Overview of project area from center, facing east……….……………...………..… Figure 15— Overview of project area from center, facing south……….……………………..… Figure 16— Overview of project area from center, facing west.……….………………..……… Figure 17— Overview of irrigation ditch east end, facing southwest.……….…………..……… Figure 18— Overview of irrigation ditch west end, facing northeast.……….…………..………

29 30
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2 TABLES
Table 1: Survey Reports within the Project area…………………………………………………..

Table 2: Resources within the Project area………………………………..……………………....

Table 3: Survey Reports within 0.5 Mile of the Project area………………………………….….

Table 4: Resources within 0.5 Mile of Project area……………………………………………… 16 16
16 17

APPENDICES
Appendix A: Records Search from Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center…………..

Appendix B: Sacred Lands File & Native American Contacts List Request……………..……...

Appendix C: Department of Parks and Recreation 523 Form………………………………..….

Appendix D: Staff Resumes……………………………………………………………………...
47 60
68 76

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3 1.0 Introduction

This report details the results of a Phase 1 Cultural Resources Assessment in support of the proposed housing subdivision development on 62.54 acres in Visalia, California, on Assessor Parcel Numbers (APNs) 123-400-001 and 006 (Figures 1-2). This Phase 1 report is prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), PRC Sections 21082, 21083.2, and 21084.1, and California Code of Regulations 15064.5.

Heather Froshour completed the archival review and field survey and prepared this Phase 1 report. Ms. Froshour is Soar Environmental’s Senior Archaeologist who meets the professional standards of the U.S. Secretary of the Interior for Archaeology (36 CFR 61) and is certified by the Register of Professional Archaeologists.

Soar Environmental requested a records search from the Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center (CHRIS) for the Project area and a 0.50-mile buffer. The archival research for this Phase 1 report was positive for archaeological sites or historical resources within the Project area. The archival record search reported four (4) recorded resources within a 0.5-mile radius of the Project area. The records revealed three (3) previous cultural resources surveys had been conducted in the Project area. A total of five (5) additional cultural resource survey reports have been completed within a 0.50-mile radius of the Project area.

As part of the background research, Soar Environmental also requested a search of the Sacred Lands File (SLF) from the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). The results of the records review and SLF search were negative. The NAHC suggested contacting seven (7) individuals representing five (5) Native American tribal groups to determine if they have additional information about the Project area. The Lead Agency, Tulare County, will send outreach letters to the recommended tribal individuals.

Soar Environmental conducted an intensive pedestrian survey of the project on January 6, 2025.

This field survey was negative for surface archaeological resources within the Project area. As currently designed, the proposed project will not impact any known in situ archaeological sites or historical resources.

It is recommended, however, in the event that cultural resources are encountered during ground- disturbing activities associated with the Project, a qualified archaeologist shall be obtained to assess the significance of the find in accordance with the criteria outlined in CEQA Guidelines 15064.5(f). In addition, Health and Safety Code 7050.5, CEQA 15064.5(e), and Public Resources Code 5097.98 mandate the process to be followed in the unlikely event of an accidental discovery of any human remains in a location other than a dedicated cemetery.

1.1 Project Description

The Project proposes to construct a 201-unit housing subdivision development bounded by East Caldwell Ave, South Santa Fe Street, and South Burke St in the city of Visalia (Figures 1-4). The

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4 proposed construction lies within the 62.54-acre area on APNs 123-400-001 and 006, which are comprised of agricultural fields on the outskirts of the city.

The project will require the development of roads and sidewalks around and throughout the property. This proposed housing subdivision development project's tentative subdivision plan will be implemented in two phases. The first phase will be the construction of 125 single-family housing units in the upper north half of the Project area. Phase 2 of the tentative subdivision plan includes constructing an additional 76 single-family housing units on the lower south portion of the Project area. The subdivision plan also includes constructing a 6.85-acre commercial lot in the southwest corner and a 5.22-square-foot park and pond in the southeast corner of the Project area (Figure 4). Project activities will be limited to the property boundary. The development site will be bordered by decorative landscaping around the parcel boundary's perimeter upon completion. The orchard currently within the Project area would be removed, and the entire property will be graded for housing and commercial development during construction activities (Figures 5-18). Grading of the area will be accomplished using a backhoe and grader.

1.2 Existing Condition

The Project area is located in the San Joaquin Valley on 62.54 acres located on East Caldwell Ave/Ave 280 in the city of Visalia, California, at Assessor Parcel Numbers (APNs) 123-400-001 and 006 (Figure 1-4). The Project area is approximately 297 meters north of Cameron Creek and

3.9 miles south- southwest from St John’s River. The Project area is in Tulare County within Section 8 Township 19 South Range 25 East , Mount Diablo Base Meridian, as shown on the Visalia, CA 7.5’ U.S Geological Survey (USGS) topographical quadrangle (Figure 1- 2). The elevation of the Project area is fairly level and ranges from 327- 331 feet above mean sea level.

The Project area contains walnut orchards and is permeated by non-native grasses. The Project is surrounded by paved roadways, East Caldwell Ave/Ave 280 to the north, South Burke St to the east, and South Santa Fe St/Rd 128 to the west. The south boundary is bordered by an irrigation canal and vineyards. Large, sparsely distributed valley oak trees l ine the project site on the south and eastern borders of the project. Surrounding vegetation includes both native and non- native ornamental trees and shrubs, as well as ruderal weeds associated with urbanized landscapes.

2.0 REGULATORY SETTING

Federal, State and local governments have developed laws and regulations designed to protect significant cultural resources that may be affected by actions that they undertake or regulate. The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) are the basic federal and state laws governing preservation of historic and archaeological resources of national, regional, State and local significance.

2.1 Federal

Federal regulations for cultural resources are governed primarily by Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966. Section 106 of NHPA requires Federal agencies to

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5 consider the effects of their undertakings on historic properties and affords the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation a reasonable opportunity to comment on such undertakings. The Council's implementing regulations, "Protection of Historic Properties", are found in 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 800. The goal of the Section 106 review process is to offer a measure of protection to sites which are determined eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The criteria for determining National Register eligibility are found in 36 CFR Part 60. Amendments to the NHPA (1986 and 1992) and subsequent revisions to the implementing regulations have, among other things, strengthened the provisions for Native American consultation and participation in the Section 106 review process. While federal agencies must follow federal regulations, most projects by private developers and landowners do not require this level of compliance. Federal regulations only come into play in the private sector if a project requires a federal permit or if it uses federal money.

2.2 State

California Register of Historical Resources

In California, the term “historical resource” includes “any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript which is historically or archaeologically significant, or is significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California” (California PRC § 5020.1[j]) (State of California 2021).

In 1992, the California legislature established the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) “to be used by state and local agencies, private groups, and citizens to identify the state’s historical resources and to indicate what properties are to be protected, to the extent prudent and feasible, from substantial adverse change” (California PRC § 5024.1(a)). The criteria for listing resources on the CRHR, enumerated in the following text, were developed to be in accordance with previously established criteria developed for listing in the NRHP. According to California PRC § 5024.1(c) (1– 4), a resource is considered historically significant if it (i) retains “substantial integrity,” and (ii) meets at least one of the following criteria:

1) It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage.

2) It is associated with the lives of people important in our past.

3) Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values.

4) Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history

To understand the historic importance of a resource, sufficient time must have passed to obtain a scholarly perspective on the events or individuals associated with the resource. A resource less than 50 years old may be considered for listing in the CRHR if it can be demonstrated that sufficient time has passed to understand its historical importance (14 CCR 4852[d][2]).

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6 The CRHR protects cultural resources by requiring evaluations of the significance of prehistoric and historic resources. The criteria for the CRHR are nearly identical to those for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), and properties listed or formally designated as eligible for listing in the NRHP are automatically listed in the CRHR, as are state landmarks and points of interest. The CRHR also includes properties designated under local ordinances or identified through local historical resource surveys.

California Health and Safety Code, §7050.5

California law protects Native American burials, skeletal remains, and associated grave goods, regardless of their antiquity, and provides for the sensitive treatment and disposition of those remains. California Health and Safety Code, §7050.5, requires that if human remains are discovered in any place other than a dedicated cemetery, no further disturbance or excavation of the site or nearby area reasonably suspected to contain human remains can occur until the County Coroner has examined the remains (California Health and Safety Code, §7050.5b).

California PRC §5097.98, also outlines the process to be followed in the event that remains are discovered. If the County Coroner determines or has reason to believe the remains are those of a Native American, the County Coroner must contact the California NAHC within 24 hours (California Health and Safety Code, §7050.5c)(State of California 2021). The NAHC will notify the most likely descendant. With the permission of the landowner, the most likely descendant may inspect the site of discovery. The inspection must be completed within 48 hours of notification of the most likely descendant by the NAHC. The most likely descendant may recommend means of treating or disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the human remains, and items associated with Native Americans.

California State Assembly Bill 52

Assembly Bill (AB) 52 of 2014 amended California PRC § 5097.94, and added California PRC §21073, 21074, 21080.3.1, 21080.3.2, 21082.3, 21083.09, 21084.2, and 21084.3. AB 52 established that tribal cultural resources must be considered under CEQA and also provided for additional Native American consultation requirements for the lead agency. California PRC §21074, defines tribal cultural resources as follows:

(a) Section 21074 of the Public Resources Code states that “tribal cultural resources” are either of the following:

(1) Sites, features, places, cultural landscapes, sacred places, and objects with cultural value to a California Native American tribe that are either of the following:

(A) Included or determined to be eligible for inclusion in the California Register of Historical Resources.

(B) Included in a local register of historical resources as defined in subdivision (k) of §5020.1.

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7 (2) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of §5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of §5024.1 for the purposes of this paragraph, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe. A cultural landscape that meets the criteria of subdivision:

(a) is a tribal cultural resource to the extent that the landscape is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape.

(b) A historical resource described in §21084.1, a unique archaeological resource as defined in subdivision (g) of §21083.2, or a “nonunique archaeological resource” as defined in subdivision (h) of §21083.2 may also be a tribal cultural resource if it conforms with the criteria of subdivision (a).

AB 52 formalizes the lead agency–tribal consultation process, requiring the lead agency to initiate consultation with California Native American tribes located on the contact list maintained by the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). This includes California Native American groups that are traditionally and culturally affiliated with the project, including tribes that may not be federally recognized. Lead agencies are required to begin consultation prior to the release of a negative declaration, mitigated negative declaration, or environmental impact report (EIR).

Section 9 of AB 52 establishes that “a project with an effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment.” Section 6 of AB 52 added §21080.3.2 to the California PRC, which states that parties may propose mitigation measures “capable of avoiding or substantially lessening potential significant impacts to a tribal cultural resource or alternatives that would avoid significant impacts to a tribal cultural resource.” Further, if a California Native American tribe requests consultation regarding Project alternatives, mitigation measures, or significant effects to tribal cultural resources, the consultation shall include those topics (California PRC §21080.3.2[a]). The environmental document and the mitigation monitoring and reporting program (where applicable) shall include any mitigation measures that are adopted (California PRC §21082.3[a]).

Native American Human Remains

State law (California PRC §5097 et seq.) addresses the disposition of Native American burials in archaeological sites and protects such remains from disturbance, vandalism, or inadvertent destruction; establishes procedures to be implemented if Native American skeletal remains are discovered during construction of a project; and established the NAHC.

In the event that Native American human remains, or related cultural material are encountered, §15064.5(e) of the CEQA Guidelines (as incorporated from PRC §5097.98) and California

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8 Health and Safety Code, §7050.5, defines the subsequent protocol. In the event of the accidental discovery or recognition of any human remains, excavation or other disturbances shall be suspended on the site, or any nearby area reasonably suspected to overlie adjacent human remains or related material. Protocol requires that the County Coroner or County- approved Coroner represented be contacted in order to determine if the remains are of Native American origin. Should the coroner determine the remains to be Native American, the coroner must contact the NAHC within 24 hours. The most likely descendant may make recommendations to the landowner or the person responsible for the excavation work for means of treating, with appropriate dignity, the human remains, and any associated grave goods as provided in California PRC §5097.98 (14 CCR 15064.5(e)) (State of California 2021).

2.3 Local

Tulare County

Chapter 8.6 of the Tulare County General Plan of 2012 promotes the preservation of cultural and historic resources through managing and protecting sites of cultural and archeological importance for the benefit of present and future generations (County of Tulare 2012). Some of the measures implemented by the County are:

ERM-6.1 Evaluation of Cultural and Archaeological Resources The County shall participate in and support efforts to identify its significant cultural and archaeological resources using appropriate State and Federal standards.

ERM-6.2 Protection of Resources with Potential State or Federal Designations The County shall protect cultural and archaeological sites with demonstrated potential for placement on the National Register of Historic Places and/or inclusion in the California State Office of Historic Preservation’s California Points of Interest and California Inventory of Historic Resources. Such sites may be of Statewide or local significance and have anthropological, cultural, military, political, architectural, economic, scientific, religious, or other values as determined by a qualified archaeological professional.

ERM-6.3 Alteration of Sites with Identified Cultural Resources When planning any development or alteration of a site with identified cultural or archaeological resources, consideration should be given to ways of protecting the resources. Development can be permitted in these areas only after a site specific investigation has been conducted pursuant to CEQA to define the extent and value of resource, and mitigation measures proposed for any impacts the development may have on the resource.

ERM-6.4 Mitigation
If preservation of cultural resources is not feasible, every effort shall be made to mitigate impacts, including relocation of structures, adaptive reuse, preservation of facades, and thorough documentation and archival of records.

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9 ERM-6.5 Cultural Resources Education Programs
The County should support local, State, and national education programs on cultural and archaeological resources.

ERM-6.6 Historic Structures and Sites
The County shall support public and private efforts to preserve, rehabilitate, and continue the use of historic structures, sites, and parks. Where applicable, preservation efforts shall conform to the current Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties and Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring, and Reconstructing Historic Buildings.

ERM-6.7 Cooperation of Property Owners
The County should encourage the cooperation of property owners to treat cultural resources as assets rather than liabilities, and encourage public support for the preservation of these resources.

ERM-6.8 Solicit Input from Local Native Americans
The County shall continue to solicit input from the local Native American communities in cases where development may result in disturbance to sites containing evidence of Native American activity and/or to sites of cultural importance.

ERM-6.9 Confidentiality of Archaeological Sites
The County shall, within its power, maintain confidentiality regarding the locations of archaeological sites in order to preserve and protect these resources from vandalism and the unauthorized removal of artifacts.

ERM-6.10 Grading Cultural Resources Sites
The County shall ensure all grading activities conform to the County’s Grading Ordinance and California Code of Regulations, Title 20, § 2501 et. seq..

City of Visalia

Under Chapter 3, the City’s Role and Tools for Preservation, in the General Plan of the City of Visalia defines a “cultural resources” as:

Chapter 3.3: Sites, structures, or any other physical evidence associated with human activity considered important to be culturally important. This includes archaeological resources and contemporary Native American resources in addition to the historic resources that are the subject of this chapter. Impacts of development on cultural resources of all kinds must be avoided to the greatest extent possible, as described by policies in Chapter 6: Open Space and Conservation.

Under Chapter 6, Open Space and Conservation, within the General Plan of the City of Visalia the following policies are outlined for the preservation of cultural resources:

Chapter 6.5: OSC-P-39 Establish requirements to avoid potential impacts to sites suspected of

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10 being archeologically, paleontologically, or historically significant or of concern, by:

• Requiring a records review for development proposed in areas that are considered archaeologically or paleontologically sensitive.

• Determining the potential effects of development and construction on archaeological or paleontological resources (as required by CEQA).

• Requiring pre-construction surveys and monitoring during any ground disturbance for all development in areas of historical and archaeological sensitivity.

• Implementing appropriate measures to avoid the identified impacts, as conditions of project approval.

In the event that previously unidentified historical, archaeological, or paleontological resources are discovered during construction, grading activity in the immediate area shall cease and materials and their surroundings shall not be altered or collected. A qualified archaeologist or paleontologist must make an immediate evaluation and avoidance measures, or appropriate mitigation should be completed, according to CEQA Guidelines. The State Office of Historic Preservation has issued recommendations for the preparation of Archaeological Resource Management Reports that will be used as guidelines. (City of Visalia 2014).

3.0 SETTING

This section of the report summarizes information regarding the physical and cultural setting of the Project area, including prehistoric, ethnographic, and historic contents of the general area.

Several factors; including topography, biological resources, and available water sources; affect the nature and distribution of the cultural periods of activity of an area. This background provides a context for understanding the nature of the cultural resources identified within the project's region.

3.1 Environmental Setting

The Project area is located in west Tulare County, approximately 3.4 miles north-northeast of Tulare, California, within the San Joaquin Valley. The San Joaquin Valley is a long, narrow, northwest-trending, alluvial valley between the Sierra Nevada Range to the east and the Coast Ranges to the west (Wagner, 2002). The region was historically covered with native annual and perennial grasses including San Joaquin saltbush, valley oak savanna, riparian forest, and tule marsh (McNab and Avers, 1996; Munz and Keck, 1973). The climate consists of hot, dry summers with cool, moist winters that provide the best climate for neighboring pomegranate, citrus orchards, and vineyards.

Surface soils throughout the project area consist of the Nord soil series (Figure 3). The Nord soil series is typically very deep, well -drained, and formed in mixed alluvium, predominantly from granite and sedimentary rocks. This soil consists of grayish-brown fine sandy loam at the surface

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11 and brown fine sandy loam below (United States Department of Agriculture, 2024).

The Project area is best historically characterized as a rural ranching and agricultural region with large populations of large and small mammals. Prehistorically, the larger mammals inhabiting the Project area would have included mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus californicus), black-tailed deer (O. hemionus columbianus), tule elk (Cervus elaphus nannoides), pronghorn antelope (Antilocarpa Americana), mountain lion (Felis concolor), and black bear (Ursus americanus) (Jameson and Peeters 1988). The small mammals that historically inhabited the Project area included rabbit (Sylvilagus sp.), black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus), coyote (Canis latrans), and gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus).

3.2 Cultural Setting

Cultural resources include prehistoric-era archaeological sites, historic-era archaeological sites, Native American traditional cultural properties, sites of religious and cultural significance, and historical buildings, structures, objects, and sites. The importance of any single cultural resource is defined by the context in which it was first created, current public opinion and modern yet evolving analysis. From the analytical perspective, temporal and geographic considerations help to define the historical context of the Project area. The importance or significance of a cultural resource is in part described by the context in which it originated or developed. National Park Service Bulletin 16a (1997) describes a historic context as “information about historic trends and properties grouped by an important theme in prehistory or history of a community, state, or the nation during a particular period of time.” A context links an existing property to important historic trends, and this allows a framework for determining the significance of a property. Given this, a major goal of the historian is to determine accurate themes of analysis, a task that can only be undertaken by a thorough review of previous researchers’ thoughts and ideas, as well as reviewing the literature of the resources.

In California, historians have divided the past into broad categories based on climate models, archaeological dating and written histories. Paleontologists divide time into much larger segments, with defined and named periods of time shortening in timespan as the modern era is reached. For the purposes of this analysis, these periods in history have been summarized below.

3.2.1 Prehistoric Setting

During the Early Holocene epoch (9700 to 4000 B.C.), large game hunting societies populated the area. Culturally significant surface finds in the Tulare Basin have yielded some projectile points similar to particular Paleoindian varieties (i.e., Western Clovis), suggesting an initial occupation pre-dating approximately 11,300 years before present (B.P.). The Middle Holocene epoch (4000 to 1000 B.C.) is characterized by Pinto-like points and groundstone tools, although the association between the epoch and specific societies is not certain.

Olsen and Payen (1968) developed a chronology of four temporally distinct complexes for sites found within the southern San Joaquin Valley. The first complex, the Positas Complex, ranges from 3300 to 2600 B.C. and is characterized by small, shaped mortars, short cylindrical pestles,

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12 milling stones, perforated flat cobbles, and sea snail shell beads.

The second complex is the Pacheco Complex which ranges from approximately 2600 B.C. to 300 A.D. This complex is divided into Phase B and Phase A. Phase B ranges from 2600 B.C. to 1600 B.C. and is characterized by biface arrow points, abalone shell ornaments, and sea snail shell beads. Phase A ranges from 1600 B.C. to 300 A.D. and is represented by more variation in shell bead types, perforated canine teeth, bone awl, whistles, grass saws, large stemmed and side- notched points, and an abundance of milling stones, mortars, and pestles.

The third complex, the Gonzaga Complex, ranges from 300 to 1000 A.D. and is characterized by extended burials, bowl mortars, shaped pestles, squared and tapered stem projectile points, bone awls, grass saws, and a shell industry composed of distinctive shell ornaments and beads.

Lastly, the Panoche Complex ranges from 1500 A.D. to European contact (mid to late 1700 A.D.) and is characterized by the presence of fewer milling stones, varied mortars and pestles, small side-notched arrow points, clamshell disc beads, bone awls, whistles, saws, and tubes.

3.2.2 Ethnographic Setting

Penutian-speaking Yokuts tribal groups occupied the southern San Joaquin Valley region and much of the nearby Sierra Nevada. Ethnographic information about the Yokuts was collected primarily by Powers (1971, 1976 [originally 1877]), Kroeber (1925), Gayton (1930, 1948), Driver (1937), Latta (1977) and Harrington (n.d.). For a variety of historical reasons, existing research information emphasizes the central Yokuts tribes who occupied both the valley and particularly the foothills of the Sierra. The northernmost tribes of the Yokuts people experienced a decline in population due to the influx of Euro-Americans during the Gold Rush prior to the initiation of ethnographic studies in the early twentieth century. On the other hand, the southernmost tribes were relocated by the Spanish to missions and later integrated into multi- tribal communities on various reservations, such as the Sebastian Indian Reservation, Tule River Reservation, and Santa Rosa Rancheria. As a result, there is a notable lack of ethnographic information on the southern Valley tribes compared to the central foothills tribes, where Yokuts dialects are still spoken by native speakers. Regardless, the general details of indigenous lifeways were similar across the broad expanse of Yokuts territory, particularly in terms of environmentally influenced subsistence and adaptation and with regard to religion and belief, which were similar everywhere.

This scarcity of specific detail is particularly apparent in terms of southern valley tribal group distribution. The Project area is located within the San Joaquin Valley floor, which was occupied by these southern Valley Yokuts speakers, themselves divided into a series of autonomous “tribelets,” the boundaries of which are not well defined. The Yauelmani Yokuts lived from the Kern River area to the southeast corner of the valley, thus likely including the Project area. The Hometwali were centered around Kern Lake, while the Tulamni occupied the west side of Buena Vista Lake and the foothills of the Temblors, at least to McKittrick. The territory of the Tuhohi extended from the Kern River delta in the north to the Goose Lake area and from west to the sloughs near Buttonwillow. Yokuts villages were observed to reach up to the mouths of canyons

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13 on the northern and western sides of the Tehachapi Mountains, as well as into the foothills and lower elevations of the Sierra Nevada range to the east, and up to the summit of the Temblor Range in the west.

The settlement pattern of the Yokuts was generally uniform across different tribes. During the winter, villages were commonly found alongside lakeshores and major streams that existed around the year AD 1800. Additionally, family camps during the dispersal phase were situated at higher elevations on the valley floor and in proximity to gathering areas in the foothills.

Yokuts groups, regardless of tribal affiliation, were typically recognized as organized and distinct tribelets. Tribelets were land-owning groups centered around a main village, connected by shared territory and lineage from a common ancestor. The population of most tribelets ranged from approximately 150 to 500 individuals (Kroeber 1925).

These individual tribelets were headed by a chief who was assisted by a variety of assistants. The winatum, a herald or messenger, was the most important assistant to the tribal chief.

Additionally, a shaman held the role of religious officer within the tribelet. Despite lacking direct political power, as demonstrated by Gayton (1930), shamans held significant sway over their tribelet.

Shamanism, found among most Native American tribes, encompasses a religious system characterized by a direct and intimate connection between individuals and the supernatural realm. This connection is typically established through entering a trance or hallucinatory state, often induced by consuming psychotropic plants like jimsonweed or traditional tobacco.

Shamans, possessing extraordinary supernatural abilities, fulfilled the roles of healers, diviners, and wielders of natural forces like rain and thunder.

According to Whitley (1992, 2000),
Shamans also produced the rock art of this region, depicting the visions they experienced in vision quests believed to represent their spirit helpers and events in the supernatural realm.

The significance of shamanism to the religious and spiritual life of the Yokuts was most evident through the pivotal role of shamans in the yearly ceremonial round. The ceremonial cycle, which repeated every year, commenced in spring with the jimsonweed ceremony, followed by the rattlesnake dance and, if applicable, the first salmon ceremony. Subsequent fall rituals, starting in late summer after the return from seed camps, included the mourning ceremony, followed by the first seed and acorn rites, and culminated with the bear dance (Gayton 1930:379). Throughout these ceremonies, shamans functioned as ceremonial authorities responsible for specific dances that showcased their extraordinary supernatural abilities (Kroeber 1925).

Subsistence practices varied among triblets based on the environment of residence. Throughout Native California, and Yokuts territory in general, the acorn was a primary dietary component, along with a variety of gathered seeds. Valley tribes supplemented their diet with lacustrine and riverine foods, notably fish and wildfowl. Similar to other Native California tribes, communities would gather in large villages during the winter to consume stored resources such as acorns before dispersing into smaller camps where seasonally available resources were gathered and

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14 consumed by extended families.

Although population estimates vary and population size was greatly affected by the introduction of Euro-American diseases and social disruption, the Yokuts were one of the largest, most successful groups in Native California. Cook (1978) estimates that the Yokuts region contained 27 percent of the Aboriginal population in the state at the time of contact; other estimates are even higher. Many Yokuts people continue to reside in the southern San Joaquin Valley today.

3.2.3 Historic Setting

In California, the historic era is divided into three general periods: the Spanish or Mission Period (1769 to 1821), the Mexican or Rancho Period (1821 to 1848), and the American Period (1848 to present). The mission system, which ultimately established 21 missions between 1796 and 1822, consisted of missions, presidios, and pueblos, and was designed to convert the indigenous peoples of California to Christianity and assimilate them under Spanish rule (Gudde 1998).

The Spanish Period saw exploration and the establishment of the San Diego Presidio and missions at San Diego (1769) and San Luis Rey (1798), and Asistencia (chapels) to the San Diego Mission at Santa Ysabel (1818) and to the San Luis Rey Mission at Pala (1816). Horses, cattle, agricultural foods and weed seeds, and a new architectural style and method of building construction were also introduced. Spanish influence continued after 1821 when California became a part of Mexico, yet the missions continued to operate for a short time longer and laws governing the distribution of land were retained.

In 1821, Mexico won independence and control of the Spanish American colonies from Spain.

Land was redistributed, and the native neophytes were freed from church jurisdiction due to the Secularization Act of 1833. During this secularization period, the Mexican authorities in Alta California made numerous large land grants on former mission properties in the area; many became private ranches, or ranchos; the vast majority were the result of land grants from the Mexican government (Robinson 1979). The Mexican Period ended in 1848 as a result of the Mexican American War.

The American period began when the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed between Mexico and the United States in 1848. As a result of the treaty, the former Mexican province of Alta California became part of the United States as the territory of California. Rapid population increase occasioned by the Gold Rush of 1849 allowed California to become a state in 1850.

Most Mexican land grants were confirmed to the grantees by U.S. courts, but usually with more restricted boundaries which were surveyed by the U.S. Surveyor General’s office.

When California became a state, the government divided California into counties. One of the largest of these was named Mariposa County and it covered the entirety of the middle of the state.

In 1852, Mariposa County was divided, and the southern part was named Tulare County. Later, Tulare County was again divided, thereby creating Fresno, Kern, Kings, and Inyo counties.

Tulare County has an interesting history that dates to 1770. The first settlers to visit what is now

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and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
15 the San Joaquin Valley came after 1800. The first settlement in Tulare County was where the old Indian trail crossed the Kaweah River, about ten miles east of Visalia.

The county is named for Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes.

Drained for agricultural development, the site is now in Kings County, which was created in 1893 from the western portion of the formerly larger Tulare County.

The name Tulare is derived from the giant sedge plant called tule (too-lee), schoenoplectus acutus, in the plant family Cyperaceae, native to freshwater marshes that once lined the shores of Tulare Lake. These native grasses are ecologically important as they help buffer against weather forces and help reduce erosion along with allowing for the propagation of other plant species.

There were many marsh areas in Tulare County before land speculators drained Tulare Lake in the 20th century and settlers began cultivating the land. What was formerly Tulare Lake is dry and the agriculturally rich soil is used for farming, the total gross production value of which in 2019 was $7,505,352,100. (County of Tulare California 2024).

Visalia, then called Four Creeks, was settled in 1852. In this same year Tulare County was officially formed from parts of Mariposa County. Visalia was incorporated into John Butterfield's Overland Stage route from St. Louis to San Francisco by 1858. Initially serving as a supply center for the nearby gold mining operations along the Kern River, the town's agricultural economy revolved around livestock. The construction of train tracks by the Southern Pacific Railroad throughout the San Joaquin Valley in 1872 marked a significant shift towards field crops as the primary agricultural focus in Visalia. By 1874, Visalia was officially incorporated as a city in Tulare County. The introduction of irrigation water led to the transformation of large grain fields into small farms cultivating citrus, grapes, olives, and deciduous fruits, further diversifying the town's agricultural landscape. These crops are a mainstay of the region’s economy today (City of Visalia 2023).

4.0 ARCHIVAL RECORDS SEARCH
The record search area included the Project area and a 0.5-mile radius surrounding the buffer.

This study reviewed the following resources: the California Archaeological Inventory Records, the National Register of Historic Places, the California Historic Landmark Registry, California Points of Historical Interest, and the Inventory of Historic Structures. Additionally, all relevant historic maps, an in-house review of historic aerial photographs, previously recorded archaeological site records, and previously conducted surveys for past projects were reviewed.

4.1 Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center

The Project area is within the USGS Visalia, CA 7.5’ Series Quadrangle (USGS 2021). On December 11, 2024, Soar submitted a records search request to the Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center (SSJVIC) at the California State University, Bakersfield, CA. The records search included a 0.5-mile buffer around the Project area. The results from the records search

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
16 received on January 13, 2025, indicate that three (3) cultural resource studies have been conducted within the Project area (Table 1). According to the information on file, one (1) resource is within the Project area (Table 2). This resource, however, was identified as not eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). These resources will not affect the proposed project subdivision construction and staging activities.

Table 1. Survey Reports within the Project area
Report No. Year Author(s)/ Affiliation Title
TU-00041 1995
Self, William; William Self
Associates
Class I Overview, Santa Fe Pacific Pipeline
Partners, L.P., Proposed Concord to Colton
Pipeline Project
TU-01190 1957 Mitchell, Annie R.;
Westernlore Press Jim Savage and the Tulareño Indians
TU-01659 2009
Haley, Kathryn and
O’Brien, Traci; ICF Jones
& Stokes (for Cal Trans)
Historic Property Survey Report for Avenue
280 Road Widening Project, Tulare County,
California; Avenue 280 Road Widening Project
Archaeological Survey Report

Table 2. Resources within the Project area
Primary # Type Description
P-54-005061 Building 841 E. Caldwell Avenue

There are four (4) recorded resources within the 0.5-mile record search radius (Table 3). Five (5) reports were identified within a 0.5-mile radius of the Project area (Table 4).

Table 3. Survey Reports within 0.5 Miles of the Project area Report No. Year Author(s)/ Affiliation Title
TU-00103 1997
Wickstrom, Brian and
Anderson, Emily; KEA
Environmental, Inc.

Cultural Resource Survey for the Selma to
Bakersfield Fiberoptic Line, Southern San
Joaquin Valley, California
TU-01079 2001
Busby, Colin I.; Basin
Research Associates
Supplement to Archaeological Evaluation
Report - South Packwood Creek Specific
Plan and Phase I Regional Retail Development,
City of Visalia and Vicinity, Tulare County
TU-01200 2004
Losee, Carolyn;
Archaeological Resources
Technology
Cultural Resources Analysis for Cingular
Wireless Site CC-565-03 Caldwell/West

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and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
17 TU-01215 2004
Billat, Lorna; EarthTouch,
Inc.

Request for SHPO Review of FCC
Undertaking: Burke Road/CA-1369A
TU-01235 2005
Billat, Scott; EarthTouch,
Inc.

Request for SHPO Review of FCC
Undertaking: Burke Road/CA-1369B

Table 4. Resources within 0.5 Mile of the Project area Primary # Type Description
P-54-004632 Structure - Object Atchison, Topeka, Santa Fe Railroad Branch Line Segment P-54-005062 Building 1309 E. Caldwell Avenue
P-54-005063 Building 1345 E. Caldwell Avenue
P-54-005296 Building Tulare Irrigation District Canal; CWA20-221-1; SB-97-H1; SB- 97-H2; SB-97-H3; Old 99 Ditch of the Tulare Irrigation
District; North Branch of the Kaweah Canal; Main Canal, Section 29

There are no recorded cultural resources within the Project area or radius listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the California Register of Historical Resources, the California Points of Historical Interest, the California Inventory of Historic Resources, or the California State Historic Landmarks.

4.2 Sacred Lands File & Native American Contacts List Request

The California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) was contacted on December 11, 2024, to conduct a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and to obtain a list of tribes culturally and geographically affiliated with the Project area (Appendix B). On December 18, 2025, the NAHC indicated no Native American traditional cultural places or sacred sites within or near the Project area. The NAHC provided a list of seven (7) Tulare County Native American groups and individuals affiliated with the local tribes. Tulare County will be coordinated with further outreach required for the Project.

When this report was completed, Tulare County had not received comments from the Tulare County Native American groups or affiliated individuals regarding the proposed development at the project location.

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
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Fresno, California 93710
18 4.3 National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) Eligibility Evaluation

Properties Identified

One (1) property in the Project area was formally identified in this study and was evaluated in accordance with State CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5(a)(2- 3), using criteria outlined in California Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. For eligibility evaluations for the evaluated property, refer to the Department of Parks and Recreation 523 Forms (DPR) in Appendix C.

The single building evaluated within the Project area, 841 East Caldwell Avenue (APN 123-400- 006, Primary # P-54-005061), a 1957 residential house, does not appear to meet the criteria for listing in the NRHP, either individually or as a district. Similarly, none of these properties are historical resources for CEQA purposes.

Development and Regional Architecture in the San Joaquin Valley

The architectural development in the San Joaquin Valley was largely influenced by costs, function, and the region's mild climate. Early 20th-century residences in the Central Valley were typically simple wood-frame buildings with modest facades, often showcasing variations of the National Folk style or elements of the Craftsman style. With the introduction of quick railroad shipping, homes that were once built using local materials could now be constructed from kits made from distant locations, featuring light balloon framing and wood sheathing.

During the post-World War II years, advancements in building materials and fireproofing techniques led to the increased adoption of stucco, concrete blocks, and prefabricated structural components in house construction. The predominant house design of this era prioritized comfort, simplicity, and affordability. Houses often incorporated inexpensive factory-made plywood or prefabricated wood siding and stucco to reduce costs. Single-story homes with varied designs, such as Ranch and Minimal Traditional styles, became prevalent in urban areas, particularly in post-war subdivisions near California cities like Tulare and Visalia.

The agricultural development in the proposed Project area aligned closely with trends seen statewide. Farmers in the early stages of development followed government guidelines outlined in agricultural assistance publications or borrowed designs from neighboring farms. Economic, sociological, and technological changes served as the driving force behind the evolution of farm- building designs. The emergence of specialized markets, advancements in communication, electrification, motorized equipment, and improved construction techniques all shaped national and local farm design changes (Teter and Giese 1960:218).

The southeast area of Visalia is still comprised mostly of agricultural, residential, and some commercial buildings and structures. Overall, the single-family residences within this area of Visalia are modest examples of nationally popular architectural styles dating from the period between 1900 and the mid-1960s, including National Folk, Craftsman, Minimal Traditional, and Ranch houses surrounded by larger plots of land featuring agricultural enterprises.

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
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Fresno, California 93710
19 The single-family residence within the Project area, 841 East Caldwell Avenue, is at the northeast section of APN 123-400-006, a large parcel containing an orchard. The house was constructed in 1957 by an unknown architect and is topped with a gable on the hip roof with composition shingles. The main entry, a single four-panel wood and bottle glass door, is centrally located on the sprawling ranch-style building. A covered walkway leads to a detached single-car garage at the east end of the building. The house is sheathed in a combination of board and batten wood siding and stucco. Fenestration consists of wood-framed windows accented by wood shutters. The detached garage is clad in stucco and has a modem metal roll-up garage door on the south elevation. The landscaping surrounding the residence consists of grass and various shrubs and trees. No additions or relocations are documented for the building. As a Ranch-style single-family home, the building fits the post-World War II era patterns in not only Visalia but also Tulare County and throughout California as a whole.

Period of Significance

841 East Caldwell Avenue is significant since 1957. The year is based on the latest possible date of construction, as identified in the existing Department of Parks and Recreation documentation.

Significance

841 East Caldwell Avenue is not significant under Criterion A. The building is a residential home associated with the Blankenship family, who owned the property from about the mid- 1880s through the present day. This house was constructed in 1957, most likely by the Blankenship family, its current owners. The property does not appear to be associated with important historical events in the area, as the subject building is representative of continued post- war residential and agricultural development that occurred locally and nationwide during the 1950s and 1960s. The residence does not represent a unique association with rural residences in Tulare County at the local, state, or national levels for the period of significance. The residence is not associated with events that have significantly contributed to the broad patterns of our history. 841 East Caldwell Avenue is not significant under Criterion B because the residence is not associated with the lives of significant persons in our past. Any individual or individuals did not do the design, construction, and modifications with particular significance at the local, State, or national levels. 841 East Caldwell Avenue is not significant under Criterion C because ranch- style houses have been common throughout the agricultural region of Visalia and California since the style gained popularity in the mid-to-late 20 th Century. The residence does not embody
the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or construction method, nor does it represent the work of a master, possess high artistic values, or represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction. The residence is constructed of common materials and has been repaired and modified using typical methods and technology. 841 East Caldwell Avenue is not significant under Criterion D because the residence is not a significant or likely source of important information about the construction of ranch-style houses or the materials or technologies employed in their construction and operation.

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20 Integrity

Overall, 841 East Caldwell Avenue likely appears much as it did when it was originally constructed, and thus, it appears to retain historic integrity. However, lacking historical and architectural significance, the property does not appear to meet the NRHP criteria on a national or local level and, therefore, does not appear eligible for the NRHP.

Determination of Eligibility

Given this analysis, and in accordance with Section 15064.5 (a)(2)-(3) of CEQA Guidelines and using the criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of the California Public Resources Code, SOAR finds 841 East Caldwell Avenue lacks significance and is not eligible for the NRHP.

Finding of Effect
The proposed Project is a 201-unit housing development, and a 6.85-acre lot zoned for commercial use on 62.54 acres in Visalia, California, on Assessor Parcel Numbers (APNs) 123- 400-001 and 006. 841 East Caldwell Avenue is not NRHP eligible. The Project area is not located within any known historic districts or landscapes. The proposed housing development would be the proposed footprint. As a result, SOAR finds No Historic Properties Affected (800.4[d][1]) for this undertaking.

5.0 PREVIOUS DISTURBANCES IN THE PROJECT AREA

The Project area is located within an area that has undergone anthropogenic modifications, primarily from activities related to residential development and agricultural activities. Likewise, the surface of the Project area has undergone surface grading and intense subsurface disturbance from previous residential construction and agricultural plowing. In certain cases, the graded surface could exceed 24 inches (60 centimeters). This disturbance could exceed 5 feet (1.524 meters) in some areas.

In summary, the following previous disturbances have occurred within or immediately adjacent to the Project area:

• Surface grading and subsurface disturbance for construction of residential buildings (1) and one paved road (East Caldwell Ave/Ave 280).

• Surface grading and maintenance of current dirt roads.

• Agriculture (Walnut Orchard).

• Direct feed irrigation.

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21 6.0 FIELD SURVEY METHODS AND RESULTS

The basic criteria for determining the presence of prehistoric and historic cultural resources in local urban and rural settings generally include:

• Presence of flaking debris derived from stone tool manufacturing

• Presence of marine shell and/or other faunal remains

• Occurrence of material culture artifacts

• Surface expressions of cultural features

• Bedrock mortars and related milling features/components

• Soil discolorations or atypical soil manifestations

• Stone/adobe features associated with structural remains

• Diagnostic ceramics derived from Spanish, Mexican, or later periods

• Historic iron and glassware, cans, privy pits, domestic occupational debris

This investigation included the following tasks:

• Review of regional history and previous cultural resource sites and studies within the Project area and the vicinity.

• Examination of archival topographic maps and aerial photographs for the Project area and the general vicinity.

• Request for a California Historical Resources Information System data request of the

Project area and 0.50-mile radius through the Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center

• Request an NAHC Sacred Lands File Search for the Project area and 0.50-mile radius.

• Evaluate the potential for the proposed Project to result in significant impacts to cultural resources, including the potential to impact buried cultural resources with no surface expression.

• Intensive Phase 1 pedestrian survey with transect intervals of 49-98 feet (15-30 meters) of the Project area.

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and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
22 • Develop recommendations associated with impacts on cultural resources following the guidelines as outlined in the Regulatory Setting.

Ms. Froshour conducted the field survey of the Project area on January 6, 2025. The subject area was examined by systematic pedestrian inspection of the ground surface. Transect intervals varied from 49 to 98 feet (15 to 30 meters). This variance was due to the heavy ground disturbance caused by the feeling of the existing walnut orchard, which did not allow for 49-foot (15-meter) intervals throughout the Project area.

The approximately 62.54-acre Project area is located on APNs 123-400-001 and 006, with agricultural industry as its primary use (Figures 1-3). The surface visibility of the Project area, defined as the approximate percentage of native soils visible during the field survey of a given project component, was estimated at 30-40% within APN 123-400-006 both in the north section and the northern portion of APN 123-400-001 in the south section of the Project area. The ground surface consisted of felled walnut trees within APN 123-400-006, with the landowner actively removing felled trees, grinding the remaining tree stumps, and leveling the ground in the south portion of APN 123-400-001. Due to this activity, a survey in the lowest 15% of the south section of the Project area was impossible.

In summary, no in situ cultural resources or isolated materials potentially derived from primary or secondary archaeological contexts were observed on the surface of the Project area.

7.0 RECOMMENDED ACTIONS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

There is a low possibility for subsurface cultural resources in the Project area, based on the results of the archival research and the fact that only one (1) known resource has been detected during previous disturbances within the construction footprint of the Project area. No recorded cultural resources within the 0.5-mile buffer radius are listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the California Register of Historical Resources, the California Points of Historical Interest, the California Inventory of Historic Resources, or the California State Historic Landmarks. No site testing or mitigation measures are recommended or required unless previously undiscovered cultural resources are detected during construction.

The potential exists to encounter previously undetected cultural resources. If cultural materials (prehistoric and/or historic artifacts) are detected during the course of ground disturbances associated with this project, all work in the immediate area of the find shall be halted until a qualified archaeologist can inventory and assess the significance of the find(s). At that point, the resources shall be evaluated in accordance with the procedures set forth in the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) 21083.2, sections 15064.5 and 15126.4, and the criteria regarding resource eligibility to the California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR).

If a resource cannot be avoided, then the resource must be examined vis-à-vis the provisions in the County Guidelines, and CEQA Sections 15064.5 and 15126.4 and the eligibility criteria as an “important” or “unique archaeological resource,” as appropriate. In many cases, the

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23 determination of a resource’s eligibility can only be made through extensive research and archaeological testing.

Human remains are addressed by the State of California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5.

This code section states that no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has determined the origin and disposition of the remains, pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The County Coroner must be notified of the finding immediately. If the human remains are determined to be prehistoric/ethnohistoric Native American remains, the coroner will notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), which will determine and notify a Most Likely Descendent (MLD). The MLD shall complete the inspection of the site within 24 hours of notification, and may potentially recommend scientific removal, reburial, nondestructive analysis of human remains, and/or specific treatment of associated burial goods.

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
24 8.0 REFERENCES CITED

California Department of Parks and Recreation
2024 Electronic Reference: https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1081. Accessed:

December 11, 2024.

California Geological Survey
2002 California Geomorphic Provinces. California Geologic Survey Note 36.

California Department of Conservation.

Cook, Sherburne F.
1955 The Aboriginal Populations of the San Joaquin Valley, California. University of California Press Anthropological Records 16(2). Berkeley.

1978 Historical Demography. In Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 8, California, R. F. Heizer, editor, pp. 91-98. Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institute.

Diamond, Jared.
2005 Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. Norton, New York.

Driver, H.E.
1937 Cultural Element Distributions: VI, Southern Sierra Nevada. University of California Anthropological Records 1(2):53-154. Berkeley, California.

Gayton, A.H.
1930 Yokuts-Mono Chiefs and Shamans. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 24. Berkeley, 361-420.

1948 Yokuts and Western Mono Ethnography. University of California Anthropological Records 10:1–290. Berkeley, California.

Google Earth Pro 7.3.6.9345.
2022 Visalia Region, Visalia, California. 36.295089, -119.285086. Borders and labels; places layers. Electronic Reference: http://www.google.com/earth/index.html.

Accessed: December 11, 2024.

City of Visalia
2014 Electronic Reference:
https://www.visalia.city/depts/community_development/planning/gp.asp.

Accessed: December 11, 2024.

2023 Electronic Reference: https://www.visalia.city/about/history_of_visalia.asp.

Accessed: December 11, 2024.

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and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
25 County of Tulare California
2012 Electronic Reference: https://generalplan.co.tulare.ca.us/. Accessed: December 11, 2024.
2024 Electronic Reference:
https://tularecounty.ca.gov/county/about/#:~:text=Tulare%20County%20has%20a n%20interesting,ten%20miles%20east%20of%20Visalia. Accessed: December 11, 2024.

Grunsky, C.E.
1989 Pathfinders of the Sacramento Region: They were There Before Sutter.

Sacramento Historical Society, Sacramento, California.

Gudde, Erwin G.
1969 1000 California Place Names. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.

Guidesly.
2024 Electronic Reference: https://guidesly.com/fishing/waterbodies/Deep-Creek- Tulare-California. Accessed: December 11, 2024.

Harrington, John Peabody
n.d. Yokuts ethnographic notes. National Anthropological Archives.

Isenberg, Andres C, Richards, Thomas Jr.
2017 The Myth of Manifest Destiny. Pacific Historical review 86 (1): 4-17. Accessed March 8, 2024.

Kroeber, Alfred L.
1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. California Book Company Limited, Berkeley, California.

1939 Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 38:1–240. Berkeley, California.

Latta, F. F.
1977 Handbook of the Yokuts Indians. Bear State Books, Santa Cruz, California.

McNab, W. Henry, and Peter E. Avers
1996 Ecological Subregions of the Unites States. U.S. Forest Service.

Munz, Phillip, and David D. Keck
1973 A California Flora with Supplement. University of California Press, Berkley.

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
26 Nationwide Environmental Title Research, LLC
2020 Electronic Reference: www.historicaerials.com. Accessed: December 11, 2024.

Native American Heritage Commission.
2024 Electronic Reference: https://nahc.ca.gov/. Accessed: December 11, 2024.

Powers, Stephen
1971 The Yokuts Dance for the Dead. In R.F. Heizer and M.A. Whipple, editors, pp. 513-519, The California Indians: A Source Book (second edition). Berkeley, University of California Press (original 1877).

1976 Tribes of California. Berkeley, University of California Press (original 1877).

Robinson, W.W.
1979 Land in California. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California.

State of California.
2021 Electronic Reference: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/home.xhtml.

Accessed: December 11, 2024.

Tachi Yokuts Tribe.
2024 Electronic Resource: . https://www.tachi-yokut-nsn.gov/about. Accessed:

December 11, 2024.

Teter, N.C. and H. Giese
1960 New Barns for Old. In The US Department of Agriculture, Yearbook of Agriculture. The United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

The Sun Gazette Staff.
2010 Electronic Reference:
https://thesungazette.com/article/education/2010/09/29/farmersville-school-was- one-of-the-first-in-the-county/. Accessed: December 11, 2024.

United States Congress.
2016 Electronic Reference: https://ncshpo.org/resources/national-historic-preservation- act-of-1966/. Accessed: D ecember 11, 2024.

United States Department of the Interior
1997 Guidelines for Completing National Register of Historic Places Forms: Part A How to Complete the National Register Registration Form. National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places, Washington DC.

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
27 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
1980 Soil Survey of Tulare, California. Soil Conservation Service and Forest Service.

In cooperation with the University of California Agricultural Experiment Station.

United States Geological Survey (USGS)
2021 Visalia Quadrangle, California. 1:24,000 scale. United States Geological Survey, Denver. Map on file, California Division of Mines and Geology Library, Sacramento, California.

Wagner, D.L.
2002 California Geomorphic Provinces. California Geological Survey Note 36.

Whitley, D.S.
1992 Shamanism and Rock Art in Far Western North America. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2(1):89-113.

2000 The Art of the Shaman: Rock Art of California. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
28 FIGURES

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
29 Figure 1— Project Location, adapted from USGS 7.5’ series Visalia, California, 2021

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
30 Figure 2— Project Boundary Map adapted from USGS 7.5’ series Visalia, California, 2003

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
31 Figure 3— Soil Types Occurring in the Project area

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
32 Figure 4— Proposed Site Plan

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
33 Figure 5— Overview of project area from north edge, facing south

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
34 Figure 6— Overview of project area from northeast corner, east of 841 Caldwell Ave, facing southwest

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
35 Figure 7— Overview of project area from northeast corner, west of 841 Caldwell Ave, facing south

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
36 Figure 8— Overview of project area from east edge, facing west

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
37 Figure 9— Overview of project area from southeast corner, facing northwest

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
38 Figure 10— Overview of project area from southwest corner, facing northeast

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
39 Figure 11— Overview of project area from west edge, facing east

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
40 Figure 12— Overview of project area from northwest corner, facing southeast

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
41 Figure 13— Overview of project area from center, facing north

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
42 Figure 14— Overview of project area from center, facing east

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
43 Figure 15— Overview of project area from center, facing south

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
44 Figure 16— Overview of project area from center, facing west

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
45 Figure 17— Overview of irrigation ditch east end, facing southwest

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
46 Figure 18— Overview of irrigation ditch west end, facing northeast

47 APPENDIX A
Southern San Joaquin Va
lley Information Center Records Search
Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710

Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
Soar Environmental Consulting, Inc. A Certified DVBE Corporation Cultural Resources Records Search Request

Wednesday, December 11, 2024
Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center
California State University Bakersfield
Mail Stop: 72DOB
9001 Stockdale Highway
Bakersfield, CA 93311-1022
Tel: 661.654.2289
[email protected]

RE: San Joaquin Valley Homes Blankenship CEQA Cultural Resource Assessment for a proposed housing development bounded by E. Caldwell Ave. and Santa Fe St. in Tulare County, Visalia, CA 93292. APNs 123-400-001 & 005.

Dear Celeste,

Please find attached one project location map, shapefiles, and the SSJVIC/CHRIS Data Request Form for the proposed housing development project in Visalia, California. The proposed project is situated on the Visalia, California (2021), USGS 7.5’ Series Quadrangle, T 19S, R 25E, S 8. The 62.54-acre project area is located on APNs 123-400-001 & 005 and is bounded by E. Caldwell Ave and Santa Fe St., Visalia, California. The project is for a proposed housing development with a center at approximately 36.295089, -119.285086.

Please conduct a normal rate records search, including no more than a 0.50-mile radius buffer, of the project location illustrated on the attached map. Please provide the following information:

• PDF of all site records and associated survey reports (Note: PDF/photocopy only those site reports that appear to be pertinent to the immediate project location and search area; surveys and other site/resources can be listed, with full reports requested later if necessary). • A list of all previous sites and surveys within the search area. • A confirmation of any sites, structures, or linear features on local, state, and/or federal registers/lists in the project location or the 0.50-mile search area that are not yet mapped on the GIS.

If the normal records search costs will exceed $500.00, or if you have any questions or comments, please e-mail me at [email protected]. Please contact me as soon as possible if there will be any delays with the records search, as the client may request an expedited search. Please email the encrypted search results in PDF format to:
[email protected].

Many thanks in advance for your assistance with this project.

Most Sincerely,

Heather Froshour, M.A., R.P.A.

Sr. Archaeologist
Soar Environmental Consulting, Inc.
207.232.8912

_________________________________________________________________________________________ California Historical Resources Information System
CHRIS Data Request Form
ACCESS AND USE AGREEMENT NO.:_____________ __ IC FILE NO.:_______________ _________ To: ________________
___________________________________________________ Information Center Print Name: ________________
____________________________________ Date: __________
___________
Affiliation: ___________
_____________________________________________________________________ Address: ______________
___________________________________________________________________ City: ________________
_________________________ State: _____________
___ Zip: _______________
___
Phone: __________________ Fax: __________________ Email: ________________ ____________________
Billing Address (if different than above): ________________ _________________________________________
Billing Email: _______________
________________________________ Billing Phone: ______________ _____
Project Name / Reference: _______________
____________________________________________________
Project Street Address: _____________
_________________________________________________________ County or Counties: _______________
_________________________________________________________ Township/Range/UTMs: ____________
_________________________________________________________ USGS 7.5’ Quad(s): ____________
____________________________________________________________ PRIORITY RESPONSE (Additional Fee): yes / no
TOTAL FEE NOT TO EXCEED: $_________
__________________
(If blank, the Information Center will contact you if the fee is expected to exceed $1,000.00) Special Instructions:

Information Center Use Only
Date of CHRIS Data Provided for this Request: ____________ _______________________________________
Confidential Data Included in Response: yes / no
Notes: ____________
_______________________________________________________________________ 1 of 3
2-29-2020 Version
California Historical Resources Information System
CHRIS Data Request Form

Mark the request form as needed. Attach a PDF of your project area (with the radius if applicable) mapped on a

7.5’ USGS topographic quadrangle to scale 1:24000 ratio 1:1 neither enlarged nor reduced and include a shapefile of your project area, if available. Shapefiles are the current CHRIS standard for submitting digital spatial data for your project area or radius. Check with the appropriate IC for current availability of digital data products.
• Documents will be provided in PDF format. Paper copies will only be provided if PDFs are not available at the time of the request or under specially arranged circumstances. • Location information will be provided as a digital map product (Custom Maps or GIS data) unless the area has not yet been digitized. In such circumstances, the IC may provide hand drawn maps. • In addition to the $150/hr. staff time fee, client will be charged the Custom Map fee when GIS is required to complete the request [e.g., a map printout or map image/PDF is requested and no GIS Data is requested, or an electronic product is requested (derived from GIS data) but no mapping is requested].

For product fees, see the CHRIS IC Fee Structure on t he OHP website.

1. Map Format Choice:

Select One: Custom GIS Maps  GIS Data  Custom GIS Maps and GIS Data  No Maps  Any selection below left unmarked will be considered a "no. " Location Information:

Within project are
a Within radius ______
ARCHAEOLOGICAL Resource Locations1 yes / no yes / no
NON-ARCHAEOLOGICAL Resource Locations yes / no yes / no Report Locations1 yes / no yes / no
“Other” Report Locations2 yes / no yes / no

3. Database Information:
(contact the IC for product examples, or visit the SSJVIC website for examples) Within pr
oject
area Within radius______
ARCHAEOLOGICAL Resource Database1
List (PDF format) yes / no yes / no
Detail (PDF format) yes / n o yes / n
o
Excel Spreadsheet yes / no yes / n
o
NON-AR
CHAE
OLOG
ICAL Resource Database
List (PDF format) yes / no yes / no
Detail (PDF format) ye s / no yes / no

Excel Spreadsheet yes / n
o yes / no
Repo
rt Dat
abase1
List (PDF f
ormat) yes / no yes / no
Detail (PDF format) yes / no yes / no
Excel Spreadsheet yes / no ye
s / no
Include “Other”
Reports 2 yes / n o yes / no

4. Document PDFs (paper copy onl
y upon request):

Within project area Within radius ______
ARCHAEOLOGICAL Resource Records1 yes / no yes / no
NON-ARCHAEOLOGICAL Resource Records yes / n o yes / no Reports1 yes / no yes / no
“Other” Reports2 yes / no yes / no
2 of 3
2-29-2020 Version

California Historical Resources Information System
CHRIS Data Request Form

5. Eligibility Listings and Documentation:

Within project area Within radius______
OHP Built Environment Resources Directory3:

Directory listing only (Excel format) yes / no yes / no Associated documentation4 yes / no yes / no
OHP Archaeological Resources Directory1,5:

Directory listing only (Excel format) yes / no yes / no

Associated documentation4 yes / no yes / no
California Inventory of Historic Resources
(1976):

Directory listing only (PDF format) yes / no yes / no

Associated documentation4 yes / no yes / no

6. Additio
nal Information:

The following sources of information may be available through the Information Center. However, several of these sources are now available on the OHP website and can be accessed di rectly. The Office of Historic Preservation makes no guarantees about the availability, completeness, or accuracy of the information provided through these sources. Indicate below if the Information Center should review and provide documentation (if available) of any of the following sources as part of this request.

Caltrans Bridge Survey yes / no
Ethnograph
ic Information yes / no
Historical
Literature yes / no
Historical M
aps yes / no
Local Inve
ntories yes / no
GLO and/or
Rancho Plat Maps yes / no
Shipwreck
Inventory yes / no
Soil Survey Ma
ps yes / no
1 In order to receive archaeological information, requestor must meet qualifications as specified in Section III of the current version of the California Historical Resources Information System Information Center Rules of Operation Manual and be identified as an Authorized User or Conditional User under an active CHRIS Access and Use Agreement. 2 “Other” Reports GIS layer consists of report study areas for which the report content is almost entirely non-fieldwork related (e.g., local/regional history, or overview) and/or for which the presentation of the study area boundary may or may not add value to a record search.
3 Provided as Excel spreadsheets with no cost for the rows; the only cost for this component is IC staff time. Includes, but not limited to, information regarding National Register of Historic Places, California Register of Historical Resources, California State Historical Landmarks, California State Points of Historical Interest, and historic building surveys. Previously known as the HRI and then as the HPD, it is now known as the Built Environment Resources Directory (BERD). The Office of Historic Preservation compiles this documentation and it is the source of the official status codes for evaluated resources. 4 Associated documentation will vary by resource. Contact the IC for further details. 5 Provided as Excel spreadsheets with no cost for the rows; the only cost for this component is IC staff time. Previously known as the Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility, now it is known as the Archaeological Resources Directory (ARD) .

The Office of Historic Preservation compiles this documentation and it is the source of the official status codes for evaluated resources.
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Coordinate System: WGS 1984; USGS, Copyright:© 2013 National Geographic Society

1/13/2025
Heather Froshour
Soar Environmental Consulting, Inc.
1322 East Shaw Ave., Suite 400
Fresno, CA 93710
Re: San Joaquin Valley Homes Blankenship CEQA CRA
Records Search File No.: 24-559
The Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center received your record search request for the project area referenced above, located on Visalia USGS 7.5’ quad . The following reflects the results of the records search for the project area and the 0.5 mile radius:

As i ndicated on t he d ata request f orm, t he l ocations o f r esources and r eports are provided in t he f ollowing format: ☒ Custom GIS Maps ☐ GIS Data ☐ Ha nd D rawn Maps (Inyo County Only) Resources within project area: P-54-005061
Resources within 0.5 mile radius: P-54-004632, 005062, 005063, 005296 Reports within project area: TU-00041, 01190, 01659
Reports within 0.5 mile radius: TU-00103, 01079, 01200, 01215, 01235 NOTE: Report locations were omitted, per the CHRIS Data Request Form.

Resource Database Printout (list): ☒ enclosed ☐ not requested ☐ nothing listed Resource Database Printout (details): ☐ enclosed ☒ not requested ☐ nothing listed Resource Digital Database Records: ☐ enclosed ☒ not requested ☐ nothing listed Report Database Printout (list): ☒ enclosed ☐ not requested ☐ nothing listed Report Database Printout (details): ☐ enclosed ☒ not requested ☐ nothing listed Report Digital Database Records: ☐ enclosed ☒ not requested ☐ nothing listed Resource Record Copies: ☒ enclosed ☐ not requested ☐ nothing listed ☐ not available Report Copies: ☒ enclosed ☐ not requested ☐ nothing listed ☒ not available Note:

OHP Built Environment Resources Directory: ☐ enclosed ☐ not requested ☒ nothing listed Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility: ☐ enclosed ☐ not requested ☒ nothing listed CA Inventory of Historic Resources (1976): ☐ enclosed ☐ not requested ☒ nothing listed

Caltrans Bridge Survey: Not available at SSJVIC; please see https://dot.ca.gov/programs/environmental-analysis/cultural-studies/california-historical-bridges-tunnels Ethnographic Information: Not available at SSJVIC
Historical Literature: Not available at SSJVIC
Historical Maps: Not available at SSJVIC; please see http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/
Local Inventories: Not available at SSJVIC
GLO and/or Rancho Plat Maps: Not available at SSJVIC; please see http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/search/default.aspx#searchTabIndex=0&searchByTypeIndex=1 and/or http://www.oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb8489p15p;developer=local;style=oac4;doc.view=items Shipwreck Inventory: Not available at SSJVIC; please see https://www.slc.ca.gov/shipwrecks/

Soil Survey Maps: Not available at SSJVIC; please see http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx

Please forward a copy of any resulting reports from this project to the office as soon as possible. Due to the sensitive nature of archaeological site location data, we ask that you do not include resource location maps and resource location descriptions in your report if the report is for public distribution. If you have any questions regarding the results presented herein, please contact the office at the phone number listed above.

The provision of CHRIS Data via this records search response does not in any way constitute public disclosure of records otherwise exempt from disclosure under the California Public Records Act or any other law, including, but not limited to, records related to archeological site information maintained by or on behalf of , or in the possession of, the State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation, State Historic Preservation Officer, Office of Historic Preservation, or the State Historical Resources Commission.

Due to processing delays and other factors, not all of the historical resource reports and resource records that have been submitted to the Office of Historic Preservation are available via this records search. Additional information may be available through the federal, state, and local agencies that produced or paid for historical resource management work in the search area. Additionally, Native American tribes have historical resource information not in the CHRIS Inventory, and you should contact the California Native American Heritage Commission for information on local/regional tribal contacts.

Should you require any additional information for the above referenced project, reference the record search number listed above when making inquiries. I nvoices for Information Center services will be sent under separate cover from the California State University, Bakersfield Accounting Office.

Thank you for using the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS).

Sincerely,

Celeste M. Thomson
Coordinator

Primary No. Trinomial
Resource List
Other IDs ReportsType Age Attribute codes Recorded by
SSJVIC Record Search 24-559
P-54-004632 CA-TUL-002885H Other - JTU-204;
Resource Name - Atchison,
Topeka, Santa Fe Railroad
Branch Line;
Other - Historic Railroad
Segment;
Resource Name - Santa Fe
Railroad Grade
TU-01889, TU-
01929, TU-01991
Structure,
Object, Site
Historic AH04; AH07; HP19;
HP37
1995 (Carrie D. Wills, Allen Estes,
William Self Associates);
2001 (S. Ashkar, C. Fish, Jones &
Stokes);
2007 (M. Armstrong, R. Ottenhoff,
P. Paramoure, L. MacDonald,
Pacific Legacy, Inc.);
2009 (Steven J. Melvin, Rebecca
Flores, JRP Historical Consulting,
LLC.);
2012 (M. O'Neill, M. Walton, Pacific
Legacy, Inc.);
2019 (Denise Ruzicka, CAL FIRE);
2019 (Robert Azpitarte, ASM
Affiliates, Inc.);
2020 (R. Azpitarte, ASM Affiliates,
Inc.)
P-54-005061 Resource Name - 841 E. Caldwell
Avenue
TU-01659Building Historic HP02 2008 (Kathryn Haley, ICF Jones & Stokes)
P-54-005062 Resource Name - 1309 E.

Caldwell Ave
TU-01659Building Historic HP02 2008 (Kathryn Haley, ICF Jones & Stokes)
P-54-005063 Resource Name - 1345 Caldwell
Avenue
TU-01659Building Historic HP02; HP04 2008 (Kathryn Haley, ICF Jones & Stokes)
P-54-005296 CA-TUL-003103H Resource Name - Tulare Irrigation District Canal;
Resource Name - CWA20-221-1;
SB-97-H1; SB-97-H2; SB-97-H3;
Resource Name - Old 99 Ditch of
the Tulare Irrigation District;
Resource Name - North Branch of
the Kaweah Canal;
Resource Name - Main Canal,
Section 29
TU-01837, TU-01936Structure Historic AH06; HP20 1997 (Emily Anderson, David Livingstone, KEA Environment);
1997 (Emily Adnerson, David
Livingstone, KEA Environment);
1997 (Emily Anderson, David
Livingstone, KEA Environment);
2007 (Matthew Armstrong, Randy
Ottenhoff, Pacific Legacy, Inc.);
2009 (Rebecca S. Orfila, RSO
Consulting);
2016 (Alberto Foglia and Annemarie
Cox, PanGIS, Inc.);
2017 (Randy Baloian, Applied
EarthWorks, Inc);
2022 (Karana Hattersley-Drayton,
Taylored Archaeology)

Report List
Report No. Year Title AffiliationAuthor(s) ResourcesOther IDs SSJVIC Record Search 24-559
TU-00041 1995 Class I Overview, Santa Fe Pacific Pipeline Partners, L.P., Proposed Concord to Colton
Pipeline Project
William Self AssociatesSelf, WilliamBLM - Permit No. CA- 95-01-0004;
NADB-R - 1141258
TU-00103 1997 Cultural Resource Survey for the Selma to Bakersfield Fiberoptic Line, Southern San
Joaquin Valley, California
KEA Environmental, Inc.Wickstrom, Brian and
Anderson, Emily
54-003608, 54-003914, 54-003915,
54-003916, 54-003917
TU-01079 2001 Supplement to Archaeological Evaluation
Report - South Packwood Creek Specific
Plan and Phase I Regional Retail
Development, City of Visalia and Vicinity,
Tulare County
Basin Research AssociatesBusby, Colin I.

TU-01190 1957 Jim Savage and the Tulareño Indians Westernlore PressMitchell, Annie R.

TU-01200 2004 Cultural Resources Analysis for Cingular
Wireless Site CC-565-03 Caldwell/West
Archaeological Resources
Technology
Losee, Carolyn
TU-01215 2004 Request for SHPO Review of FCC
Undertaking: Burke Road/CA-1369A
EarthTouch, Inc.Billat, Lorna
TU-01235 2005 Request for SHPO Review of FCC
Undertaking: Burke Road/CA-1369B
EarthTouch, Inc.Billat, Scott
TU-01659 2009 Historic Property Survey Report for Avenue 280 Road Widening Project, Tulare County,
California
ICF Jones & StokesHaley, Kathryn 54-002179, 54-004887, 54-005056, 54-005057, 54-005058, 54-005059,
54-005060, 54-005061, 54-005062,
54-005063, 54-005064, 54-005065,
54-005066, 54-005067, 54-005068,
54-005069, 54-005070, 54-005071,
54-005072, 54-005073, 54-005074,
54-005075, 54-005076, 54-005077,
54-005078, 54-005079, 54-005080,
54-005081, 54-005082, 54-005083,
54-005084, 54-005085, 54-005086,
54-005087
Agency Nbr - EA
4C1214/4C1564
TU-01659A 2009 Avenue 280 Road Widening Project Historic Resources Evaluation Report
ICF Jones & Stokes (for Cal
Trans)
Haley, Kathryn
TU-01659B 2009 Avenue 280 Road Widening Project
Archaeological Survey Report
ICF Jones & Stokes (for Cal
Trans)
O'Brien, Traci

60 APPENDIX B
Sacred Lands File & Native American Contacts List Request Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
St
atewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
Soar Environmental Consulting, Inc. A Certified DVBE Corporation Sacred Lands File & Native American Contacts List Request Wednesday, November 11, 2024
Native American Heritage Commission
1550 Harbor Blvd., Suite 100
West Sacramento, CA 95691
Tel: 916.373.3710
Fax: 916.373.5471
[email protected]
RE: Sa
n Joaquin Valley Homes Blankenship CEQA Cultural Resource Assessment for a proposed housing development bounded by E. Caldwell Ave. and Santa Fe St. in Tulare County, Visalia, CA 93292. APNs 123-400-001 & 005.

Dear Sir/Madam,
Please find attached one project location map, Sacred Lands File NA Contact Form, and Local Government Tribal Consultation List Request for the proposed housing development project in Visalia, California. The proposed project is situated on the Visalia, California (2021), USGS 7.5’ Series Quadrangle, T 19S, R 25E, S

8. The 62.54-acre project area is located on APNs 123-400-001 & 005 and is bounded by E. Caldwell Ave and Santa Fe St., Visalia, California. The project is for a proposed housing development with a center at approximately 36.295089, -119.285086.

This letter is intended to inform you of the project and to help ensure compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). As part of the Cultural Resources Study for the project, we are requesting your insights on potential Native American cultural properties and resources in and/or near the project.

Please respond at your earliest convenience if you have any information to consider for this study.

Also, we would greatly appreciate if you could review the attached map and indicate to us if there are any concerns you might have or input regarding potentially sensitive cultural heritage values in the project area and vicinity.

Feel free to contact me by email at [email protected] or phone at 207.232.8912.

Mos
t Sincerely,
Heather Froshour, M.A., R.P.A.

Sr. Archaeologist
Soar Environmental Consulting, Inc.
207.232.8912

Local Government Tribal Consultation List Request

Native American Heritage Commission
1550 Harbor Blvd, Suite 100
West Sacramento, CA 95691
916-373-3710
916-373-5471 – Fax
[email protected]

Type of List Requested
☐ CEQA Tribal Consultation List (AB 52) – Per Public Resources Code § 21080.3.1, sub s. (b), (d), (e) and 2108 0.3.2

☐ General Plan (SB 18) - Per Government Code § 65352.3.

Local Action Type:
___ General Plan ___ General Plan Element ___ General Plan Amendment

___ Specific Plan ___ Specific Plan Amendment ___ Pre-planning Outreach Activity

Required Information

Project Title:____________________________________________________________________ ________

Local Government/Lead Agency: ___________________________________________________________

Contact Person: ____________________________________________________________________ ______

Street Address: _____________________________________________________________________ ______

City:_____________________________________________________ Zip:__________________________

Phone:____________________________________ Fax:_________________________________________

Email:_____________________________________________

Specific Area Subject to Proposed Action

County:________________________________ City/Community: _______________________ ____

Project Description:

Additional Request
☐ Sacred Lands File Search - Required Information:

USGS Quadrangle Name (s):____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Township:___________________ Range:___________________ Section(s):___________________ Sacred Lands File & Native American Contacts List Request Native American Heritage Commission
1550 Harbor Blvd, Suite 100
West Sacramento, CA 95691
916-373-3710
916-373-5471 – Fax
[email protected]
Information Below is Required for a Sacred Lands File Search Project: ______________________________________________________________________ County:______________________________________________________________________ USGS Quadrangle Name:_______________________________________________________ Township:__________ Range:__________ Section(s):__________ Company/Firm/Agency:_________________________________________________________ Street Address:________________________________________________________________ City:______________________________________________ Zip:______________________ Phone:_____________________________________________
Fax:_______________________________________________
Email:_____________________________________________
Project Description:
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0 0.4
:::::::::::::::::=:::J::: Miles
Coordinate System: WGS 1984; USGS, Copyright:© 2013 National Geographic Society

STATE OF CALIFORNIA Gavin Newsom, Governor

NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION

December 18, 2024
Heather Froshour
Soar Environmental Consulting Inc.

Via Email to: [email protected]
Re: Native American Tribal Consultation, Pursuant to the Assembly Bill 52 (AB 52), Amendments to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (Chapter 532, Statutes of 2014), Public Resources Code Sections 5097.94 (m), 21073, 21074, 21080.3.1, 21080.3.2, 21082.3, 21083.09, 21084.2 and 21084.3, San Joaquin Valley Homes Blankenship CEQA CRA Project, Tulare County Dear Ms. Froshour:

Pursuant to Public Resources Code section 21080.3.1 (c), attached is a consultation list of tribes that are traditionally and culturally affiliated with the geographic area of the above-listed project. Please note that the intent of the AB 52 amendments to CEQA is to avoid and/or mitigate impacts to tribal cultural resources, (Pub. Resources Code §21084.3 (a)) (“Public agencies shall, when feasible, avoid damaging effects to any tribal cultural resource.”) Public Resources Code sections 21080.3.1 and 21084.3(c) require CEQA lead agencies to consult with California Native American tribes that have requested notice from such agencies of proposed projects in the geographic area that are traditionally and culturally affiliated with the tribes on projects for which a Notice of Preparation or Notice of Negative Declaration or Mitigated Negative Declaration has been filed on or after July 1, 2015. Specifically, Public Resources Code section 21080.3.1 (d) provides:

Within 14 days of determining that an application for a project is complete or a decision by a public agency to undertake a project, the lead agency shall provide formal notification to the designated contact of, or a tribal representative of, traditionally and culturally affiliated California Native American tribes that have requested notice, which shall be accomplished by means of at least one written notification that includes a brief description of the proposed project and its location, the lead agency contact information, and a notification that the California Native American tribe has 30 days to request consultation pursuant to this section.

The AB 52 amendments to CEQA law does not preclude initiating consultation with the tribes that are culturally and traditionally affiliated within your jurisdiction prior to receiving requests for notification of projects in the tribe’s areas of traditional and cultural affiliation. The Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) recommends, but does not require, early consultation as a best practice to ensure that lead agencies receive sufficient information about cultural resources in a project area to avoid damaging effects to tribal cultural resources.

The NAHC also recommends, but does not require that agencies should also include with their notification letters, information regarding any cultural resources assessment that has been completed on the area of potential effect (APE), such as:

1. The results of any record search that may have been conducted at an Information Center of the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS), including, but not limited to:

CHAIRPERSON
Reginald Pagaling
Chumash

VICE CHAIRPERSON
Buffy McQuillen
Yokayo Pomo, Yuki,
Nomlaki

SECRETARY
Sara Dutschke
Miwok

PARLIAMENTARIAN
Wayne Nelson
Luiseño

COMMISSIONER
Isaac Bojorquez
Ohlone-Costanoan

COMMISSIONER
Stanley Rodriguez
Kumeyaay

COMMISSIONER
Laurena Bolden
Serrano

COMMISSIONER
Reid Milanovich
Cahuilla

COMMISSIONER
Bennae Calac
Pauma-Yuima Band of
Luiseño Indians

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
Raymond C.

Hitchcock
Miwok/Nisenan

NAHC HEADQUARTERS
1550 Harbor Boulevard
Suite 100
West Sacramento,
California 95691
(916) 373-3710
[email protected]
NAHC.ca.gov

• A listing of any and all known cultural resources that have already been recorded on or adjacent to the APE, such as known archaeological sites;
• Copies of any and all cultural resource records and study reports that may have been provided by the Information Center as part of the records search response; • Whether the records search indicates a low, moderate, or high probability that unrecorded cultural resources are located in the APE; and
• If a survey is recommended by the Information Center to determine whether previously unrecorded cultural resources are present.

2. The results of any archaeological inventory survey that was conducted, including:
• Any report that may contain site forms, site significance, and suggested mitigation measures.

All information regarding site locations, Native American human remains, and associated funerary objects should be in a separate confidential addendum, and not be made available for public disclosure in accordance with Government Code section 6254.10.

3. The result of any Sacred Lands File (SLF) check conducted through the Native American Heritage Commission was negative.

4. Any ethnographic studies conducted for any area including all or part of the APE; and

5. Any geotechnical reports regarding all or part of the APE.

Lead agencies should be aware that records maintained by the NAHC and CHRIS are not exhaustive and a negative response to these searches does not preclude the existence of a tribal cultural resource. A tribe may be the only source of information regarding the existence of a tribal cultural resource.

This information will aid tribes in determining whether to request formal consultation. In the event that they do, having the information beforehand will help to facilitate the consultation process.

If you receive notification of change of addresses and phone numbers from tribes, please notify the NAHC. With your assistance, we can assure that our consultation list remains current.

If you have any questions, please contact me at my email address: [email protected].

Sincerely,
Pricilla Torres-Fuentes
Cultural Resources Analyst
Attachment

County Tribe Name Fed (F)
Non-Fed (N)
Contact Person Contact Address Phone # Fax # Email Address Cultural Affiliation Kitanemuk & Yowlumne Tejon Indians N Delia Dominguez, Chairperson 115 Radio Street Bakersfield, CA, 93305
(626) 339-6785 [email protected] Kitanemuk
Southern Valley Yokut
Santa Rosa Rancheria Tachi Yokut Tribe F Samantha McCarty, Cultural Specialist ll
P.O. Box 8
Lemoore, CA, 93245
(559) 633-3440 [email protected] Southern Valley Yokut Santa Rosa Rancheria Tachi Yokut Tribe F Nichole Escalon, Cultural Specialist l
P.O. Box 8
Lemoore, CA, 93245
(559) 924-1278 Southern Valley Yokut
Santa Rosa Rancheria Tachi Yokut Tribe F Shana Powers, THPO P.O. Box 8 Lemoore, CA, 93245
(559) 423-3900 Southern Valley Yokut
Table Mountain Rancheria F Michelle Heredia-Cordova,
Chairperson
P.O. Box 410
Friant, CA, 93626
(559) 822-2587 (559) 822-2693 [email protected] Yokut
Tule River Indian Tribe F Neil Peyron, Chairperson P.O. Box 589 Porterville, CA, 93258
(559) 781-4271 (559) 781-4610 neil.peyron@tulerivertribe- nsn.gov
Yokut
Wuksachi Indian Tribe/Eshom Valley
Band
N Kenneth Woodrow, Chairperson 1179 Rock Haven Ct.

Salinas, CA, 93906
(831) 443-9702 [email protected] Foothill Yokut
Mono
Fresno,Kern,Kings,Madera,Monterey,San
Benito,San Luis Obispo,Tulare
12/21/2023
Alameda,Amador,Calaveras,Contra
Costa,Fresno,Inyo,Kern,Kings,Madera,Maripo
sa,Merced,Monterey,Sacramento,San
Alameda,Calaveras,Contra
Costa,Fresno,Inyo,Kings,Madera,Marin,Maripo
sa,Merced,Mono,Monterey,San Benito,San
6/19/2023
This list is current only as of the date of this document. Distribution of this list does not relieve any person of statutory responsibility as defined in Section 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code, Section 5097.94 of the Public Resources Code and Section 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code.

This list is only applicable for consultation with Native American tribes under Public Resources Code Sections 21080.3.1 for the proposed San Joaquin Valley Homes Blankenship CEQA CRA Project, Tulare County.

Record: PROJ-2024-006502
Report Type: AB52 GIS
Counties: Tulare
NAHC Group: All
Native American Heritage Commission
Native American Contact List
Tulare County
12/18/2024
Counties Last Updated
Tulare Fresno,Kern,Kings,Los
Angeles,Madera,Monterey,San Benito,San
Luis Obispo,Tulare
Fresno,Kern,Kings,Merced,Monterey,San
Benito,San Luis Obispo,Tulare
10/3/2023
Fresno,Kern,Kings,Merced,Monterey,San
Benito,San Luis Obispo,Tulare
10/3/2023
Fresno,Kern,Kings,Merced,Monterey,San
Benito,San Luis Obispo,Tulare
10/3/2023
12/18/2024 04:13 PM
1 of 1
68 APPENDIX C
Department of Parks and Recreation 523 Form
Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710

DPR 523A (9/2013) *Required information
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # P-54-005061 DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial
NRHP Status Code 6Z
Other Listings
Review Code Reviewer Date

P1. Other Identifier:
*P2. Location: Not for Publication X Unrestricted *a. County Tulare and (P2c, P2e, and P2b or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad Visalia Date 1949/69 T 19S; R 25E; NW ¼ of NE ¼ of Sec 8; M.D B.M. c. Address 841 East Caldwell Avenue City Visalia Zip 93292 d. UTM: (Give more than one for large and/or linear resources) Zone 11N , 294975 mE/ 4019398 mN e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, decimal degrees, etc., as appropriate) APN-123-400-006
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) 2008: The single-family residence located on this parcel carries the address of 841 E. Caldwell Ave. and is sited at the northeast comer of a large parcel containing an orchard. The house is topped with a gable on hip roof with composition shingles. The main entry which features a single four-panel wood and bottle glass door is centrally located on the sprawling Ranch style building. A covered walkway leads to a detached single car garage at the east end of the building.

The house is sheathed in a combination of board and batten wood siding and stucco. Fenestration consists of wood framed windows that are accented by wood shutters. The detached garage is clad in stucco and has a modem metal roll- up garage door on the south elevation. Landscaping surrounding the residence consists of grass, along with a variety of shrubs and trees.

2025 Update: The residence has maintained integrity from the 2008 DPR form, Currently all windows and doors have been mothballed. The surrounding walnut orchard has been felled, and the trees are in the process of being removed, the stumps ground, and the land leveled.

*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List
attributes and codes)
HP2 – Single Family Property
*P4. Resources Present: X Building
Structure Object Site
District Element of District
Other (Isolates, etc.)
P5b. Description of Photo: (view,
date, accession #) Bearing: 217° SW
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and
Source: X Historic Prehistoric
Both 1957 - Tulare County
Assessor's Office
*P7. Owner and Address:

Gerald Blankenship Jr.

*P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation,
and address)
Heather Froshour, Sr. Archaeologist
Soar Environmental
1322 E. Shaw Ave.

Fresno, CA 93710
*P9. Date Recorded:

January 6, 2025
*P10. Survey Type: (Describe)
Intensive
*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter "none.") 2025 Blankenship Housing Subdivision Development, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment, Visalia, CA 93292, Assessor Parcel Numbers 123 -400-001 & 006, Tulare County, California.

P5a. Photograph or Drawing (Photograph required for buildings, structures, and objects.)

DPR 523A (9/2013) *Required information
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # P-54-005061 DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial
NRHP Status Code 6Z
Other Listings
Review Code Reviewer Date

*P11. Report Citation (cont):
2008 280 Widening Project. District 6 Tulare County. Prepared for the Tulare County Resource Management Agency, Visalia, CA; Ornni- Means Roseville, CA, and the California Department of Transportation, District 6, Fresno, CA.

*Attachments: NONE Location Map Continuation Sheet X Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other (List):

DPR 523B (9/2013) *Required information
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # P-54-005061 DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
(This space reserved for official comments.)
(Sketch Map with north arrow required.)

B1. Historic Name: Unknown
B2. Common Name: Unknown
B3. Original Use: Single Family Residence B4. Present Use: Uninhabited (mothballed) *B5. Architectural Style: Ranch
*B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) Constructed in 1957 *B7. Moved? X No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: *B8. Related Features: None B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown *B10. Significance: Theme Community Development, Agriculture, Architecture Area Visalia, Tulare County Period of Significance 1957 Property Type Single Family Residence Applicable Criteria N/A (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.)
The residence located at 841 E. Caldwell Avenue sits on land historically associated with the Blankenship family who owned the property from about the rnid-1880s through the present day. This house was constructed in 1957 most likely by the Blankenship family, its current owners.

The property does not appear to be associated with important historical events in the area as the subject building is representative of continued post-war residential and agricultural development that occurred locally and nationwide during the 1950s and 1960s. Therefore, the property does not appear eligible under NRHP Criterion A. Research revealed little about the Blankenship family who the property has been associated with throughout its history. Consequently, the property is also not known to be associated with significant persons in the local area, California, or the Nation and therefore does not appear to qualify under NRHP Criterion B. Ranch style houses are commonly found throughout the agriculture region of Visalia and California as the architectural style gained popularity throughout the mid-to-late 20th Century. Architecturally this property does not appear to embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, nor does it appear to be the work of a master architect or possess high artistic value. Therefore, the property does not appear to meet NRHP Criterion C. Furthermore, the property does not appear to have the potential to yield information important to history and does not appear to qualify under NRHP Criterion D.

Integrity
Overall, the residence likely appears much as it did when it was originally constructed and thus it appears to retain historic integrity. However, lacking historical and architectural significance the property does not appear to meet the NRHP criteria on a nation or local1evel and therefore does not appear eligible for the NRHP. In accordance with Section 15064.5 (a)(2)-(3) of CEQA Guidelines and using the criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of the California Public Resources Code, the building does not appear to be a historical resource for the purposes of CEQA.

Determination of Eligibility
Given this analysis, and in accordance with Section 15064.5 (a)(2)- (3) of CEQA Guidelines and using the criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of the California Public Resources Code, 841 East Caldwell Avenue lacks significance and is not eligible for the NRHP.

B11. Additional Resource Attributes:
(List attributes and codes)
*B12. References:
2025 Blankenship Housing Subdivision Development, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment, Visalia, CA 93292, Assessor Parcel Numbers 123 -400-001 & 006, Tulare County, California.

DPR 523B (9/2013) *Required information
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary # P-54-005061 DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
(This space reserved for official comments.)
(Sketch Map with north arrow required.)

*B

12. References ( cont):
2008 280 Widening Project. District 6 Tulare County. Prepared for the Tulare County Resource Management Agency, Visalia, CA; Ornni- Means Roseville, CA, and the California Department of Transportation, District 6, Fresno, CA.

B13. Remarks:
*B14. E
valuator: Heather D. Froshour *Date of Evaluation: January 6, 2025 State of california -The Resour«:;es Agency
DEPARTMENn)F PAR~ AND RECREATION

PRIMARY RECORD
Primary# ~-S"\ ~ QQ 'JOlt\
HRI # ---,---------'------- .

Trinomial ______________ __, __
NRHPStatusCode ____ ~6~Z~---~

Pl. Other Identifier: Map Reference No. 07
*P2. Location: D Not for Publication [8] Unrestricted *a. County Tulare and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) b. USGS 7.5' Quad Visalia Date 1949/69 T 19S; R 25E; _ Y. of Sec 1i; B.M. c. Address 841 E. Caldwell Avenue City Visalia Zip 93292 d. UTM: (give more than one for large and/or linear resources) Zone , ___ -,-____ mE/ _ ______ mN e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel # , directions to resource, elevation , etc., as appropriate) APN: 126-100-011
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements . Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) The single-family residence located on this parcel carries the address of 841 E. Caldwell Ave. and is sited at the northeast comer of a large parcel containing an orchard. The house is topped with a gable on hip roof with composition shingles. The main entry which features a single four-panel wood and bottle glass door is centrally located on the sprawling Ranch style building. A covered walkway leads to a detached single car garage at the east end of the building . The house is sheathed in a combination ofboard and batten wood siding and stucco. Fenestration consists of wood framed windows that are accented by wood shutters. The detached garage is clad in stucco and has a modem metal roll-up garage door on the south elevation. ' Landscaping surrounding the residence consists of grass, along with a variety of shrubs and trees. *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2 - Single Family Property *P4. Resources Present: [8] Building D Structure D Object D Site D District D Element of District D Other (Isolates, etc.) PSb. Description of Photo: (View, date,
accession #) Camera facing south - October
28,2008
*P6. Date Constructed/ Age and Sources:
[8] Histori c D Prehistoric D Both
1957 - Tulare County Assessor's Office
*P7. Owner and Address:

Gerald Blankenship, Jr.
*PS. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation , address)
Katnryn Haley, Architectural Historian
ICF Jones & Stokes
630 K Street, Suite 400
Sacramento, CA 95814
*P9. Date Recorded: November 25, 2008
*PlO. Survey Type: (Describe)
Intensive
*Pll. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter " none.") ICF Jones & Stokes. 2009. HisiOrical Resources Evaluation Report Avenue 280 Widening Project. District 6 Tulare Counrv. Prepared for the Tulare Co un~ Resource M anagement Agency, Vi salia, CA; Ornni-Means Rosevill e, CA, and the California Department ofTransportation, District 6, Fresno, CA. TU- 0\\J S, *Attachments: NONE D Location Map D Sketch Map [8] Continuation Sheet [8] Building, Structure, and Object Record 0 Archaeological Record D District Record D Linear Feature Record D Milling Station Record D Rock Art Record D Artifact Record D Photograph Record D Other (list) ~...,--,----------
DPR 523A (1/95) *Required Information
l

*Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 841 E. Caldwell A venue Bl. Historic Name: Unknown
B2. Common Name: Unknown
B3. Original Use: Single Family Residence B4. Present Use: Single Family Residence *85. Architectural Style: Ranch
*86. Construction History: (Construction date, alteration, and date of alterations) constructed- 1957 *87. Moved? [RJ No 0 Yes 0 Unknown Date: Original Location:
*88. Related Features: None
B9. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown
*810. Significance: Theme Community Development, Agriculture, Architecture Area Visalia, Tulare County Period of Significance 1957 Property Type Single Family Residence Applicable Criteria N/ A (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity .) The residence located at 841 E. Caldwell Avenue sits on land historically associated with the Blankenship family who owned the property from about the rnid-1880s through the present day. This house was constructed in 1957 most likely by the Blankenship family, its current owners. The property does not appear to be associated with important historical events in the area as the subject building is representative of continued post-war residential and agricultural development that occurred locally and nationwide during the 1950s and 1960s. Therefore the property does not appear eligible under NRHP Criterion A. Research revealed little about the Blankenship family who the property has been associated with throughout its history. Consequently, the property is also not known to be associated with significant persons in the local area, California, or the Nation and therefore does not appear to qualify under NRHP Criterion B. Ranch style houses are commonly found throughout the agriculture region of Visalia and California as the architectural style gained popularity throughout the mid-to-late 20th Century. Architecturally this property does not appear to embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, nor does it appear to be the work of a master architect or possess high artistic value. Therefore, the property does not appear to meet NRHP Criterion C. (See Continuation Sheet)
811. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) *812. References: For a complete list of references see ICF Jones & Stokes. 2009. Historical Resources Evaluation
Report Avenue 280 Widening Project, District 6 Tulare
County
813. Remarks:
*814. Evaluator: Patricia E. Ambacher
*Date of Evaluation: November 25, 2008
(This space reserved for official comments.)
DPR 523L {1/95)
?
*Required Information

*Recorded by Kathryn Haley
BlO. Significance (cont.)
*Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 841 E. Caldwell A venue * Date November 25, 2008 [2] Continuation D Update
Furthermore the property does not appear to have the potential to yield information important to history and does not appear to qualify under NRHP Criterion D. Overall, the residence likely appears much as it did when it was originally constructed and thus it appears to retain historic integrity. However , lacking historical and architectural significance the property does not appear to meet the NRHP criteria on a nation or local1evel and therefore does not appear eligible for the NRHP. In accordance with Section 15064.5 (a)(2)-(3) of CEQA Guidelines and using the criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of the California Public Resources Code, the building does not appear to be a historical resource for the purposes of CEQ A.

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information
Statewide in Sacramento, Pasadena, Bakersfield,
and Corporate Headquarters: 1322 E. Shaw Avenue #400,
Fresno, California 93710
76 APPENDIX D
Staff Resume

1322 E. Shaw Avenue, Suite 400, Fresno, CA 93710
www.soarhere.com ● 559.547.8884

Practical Experience

Ms. Froshour is a registered professional archaeologist and cultural resources specialist with extensive experience in field and technical work. This experience including cultural resources monitoring, site survey, phase 1 -3 excavations, and anthropology on various projects throughout the Uni ted States. She has a combined 8 years of experience in academic, consulting, museum, and public archaeology, and has worked in CRM since 2013 throughout various regions of the United States. Primary states of focus have included Maine, Massachusetts, Louisiana, Georgia, Virginia, Arizon a, and California. She routinely assesses cultural resources for project related effects and their significance, provides cultural resource mitigation services, directs archaeological surveys of both excavation and pedestrian methods, and prepares documents for Section 106 of the NHPA, CEQA, and NRHP. Ms. Froshour also has experience working alongside trial monitors through survey within the Colorado River and Mendocino National Forest regions. She has worked alongside the USDA Forest Service to provide post-fire monitoring and mitigation recommendations.

Ms. Froshour is certified by the Register for Professional Archeologists (Registrant ID: 5457).

Highlighted Projects

California High-Speed Rail Authority Construction Package 1, Fresno and Madera Counties, Cultural Resources Support, March 2023-Present Heather is the Cultural Resources Support for this construction package. As such, she oversees staff archaeologist cultural reporting, monitoring, and artifact processing on the 33- mile right of way between Madera and Fresno.

SOAR Environmental Consulting, Senior Archaeologist, January 2023-Present Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessments, CDFW, Various California Locations in Butte, Lassen, Orange, Plumas, Sacramento, San Diego, and Sierra Counties, California
Provided desktop research, supervised site pedestrian surveys, co-wrote full Phase 1 reports, and tribal consultation for 8 separate mitigation management projects throughout California.

Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment, Ivanhoe, Tulare County, California
Provided desktop research, supervised site pedestrian survey, full Phase 1 report, and tribal consultation for well replacement project.

Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment, Terra Bella, Tulare County, California
Provided desktop research, supervised site pedestrian survey, full Phase 1 report, and tribal consultation for aggregate quarry construction project.

Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment, Dixon, Solano County, California
Provided desktop research, site pedestrian survey, cultural resources portion of full Environmental Assessment, and tribal consultation for ranch subdivision.

Heather Froshour
Senior Archaeologist

12 Years of Relevant Experience

Biography
Ms. Froshour’s background emphasises
archaeology, anthropology, and cultural
resources monitoring.

Education
• M.A. in Historical Archaeology, November
2014. University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
• B.A. in Anthropology/Geography, June 2010.

University of Southern Maine,
Gorham/Portland, ME.

Professional Development
• 8 hr training in Wilderness Firest Aid (Sierra
Rescue International)
• Adult, Child, Infant CPR & First Aid Training
• Driver/Operator

Professional Affiliations
• Register of Professional Archaeologists
• CHRIS Qualified Archaeologist
• Society of American Archaeology – SAA
• Society of Historical Archaeology – SHA
• Society of California Archaeology – SCA

Technical Expertise
• Lithic Analysis
• Technical Report Writing
• Lab analysis
• Cultural Monitoring
• Site Surveying – Phases 1-3
• Excavation
• Metal Detection
• Auguring
• Research
• MS Office and Excel
• Collector and Survey 123 for ArchGIS

1322 E. Shaw Avenue, Suite 400, Fresno, CA 93710
www.soarhere.com ● 559.547.8884

Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment, Lone Pine, Inyo and Mono Counties, California
Provided desktop research, site pedestrian survey, full Phase 1 report/ cultural resources section of full Initial Study report, and tribal consultation for broadband fiber optic project.

Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment, Lindsay, Tulare County, California
Provided desktop research, supervised the 2-person crew site pedestrian survey, full Phase 1 report, and tribal consultation for highline pipeline replacement project.

Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment/Evaluation, Farmersville, Tulare County, California
Provided desktop research, supervised the 2-person crew site pedestrian survey, full Phase 1 report, and tribal consultation, Cultural Resources Initial Study/Environmental Assessment for roundabout and road extension construction project.

Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment, Wildomar, Riverside County, California
Provided desktop research, site pedestrian survey, full Phase 1 report, and tribal consultation for two small retail construction projects.

Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment, Visalia, Tulare County, California
Provided desktop research, supervised the 2-person crew site pedestrian survey, full Phase 1 report, and tribal consultation, Cultural Resources Initial Study for two rezoning and housing subdivision construction projects.

Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Evaluation, Yokuts Valley, Fresno County, California

Provided desktop research, tribal consultation, and full Phase 1 report for the construction a new saber transmission tower to accompany existing USACE and CAL FIRE structures on a 100 square feet area on top of Bear Mountain.

Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Evaluation, Shirley Meadows, Kern County, California
Provided desktop research, tribal consultation, and full Phase 1 report with DPR forms for the construction a new saber transmission tower, and concrete masonry shelter enclosed in an 8 foot tall wire fence on a 100 square feet area on top of Shirley Peak.

Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Evaluation, Mountain Ranch, Calaveras County, California

Provided desktop research, tribal consultation, and full Phase 1 report with DPR forms for the construction a new saber transmission tower, and propane tank enclosed in an 8 foot tall wire fence on a 100 square feet area on top of Quiggs Mountain.

Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment, Glennville, Kern County, California

Provided desktop research, site pedestrian survey, tribal consultation, and full Phase 1 report for the construction a new saber transmission tower, CMU block shelter, and parking lot enclosed in a wire fence on a 100 square feet area on top of Mount Pheasant.

1322 E. Shaw Avenue, Suite 400, Fresno, CA 93710
www.soarhere.com ● 559.547.8884
Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment, Bakersfield, Kern County, California
Provided desktop research, site pedestrian survey, and full Phase 1 report for rezoning project and multiple family residence construction project located in downtown Bakersfield.

Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment, Fresno, Fresno County, California
Provided desktop research, site pedestrian survey, and full Phase 1 Historic Resources Identification Report for mobile home park wastewater collection and disposal project located in downtown Fresno.

Senior Archaeologist, Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment, Joshua Tree, California
Provided desktop research, site pedestrian survey, and full Phase 1 report for upscale yurt campground construction project located in San Bernadino County.

Post Fire Fuels and Priority Heritage Asset Assessment Surveys, Grindstone Region, Tehama & Glenn Counties, CA (June 2022- December 2022 ).

The Great Basin
Institute, Archaeological Crew Lead.

Phase I pedestrian surveys and site recording on post- wildfire burned landscapes within the Mendocino National Forest. Overseeing a small crew in the field survey, site recording, and completion of extensive USDA Forest Service site reports and mapping of cultural resources in the area. Ensured that all pertinent data is documented and reported to Forest Services standards with specific attention to current field conditions, disturbances, vegetation, terrain, and geospatial data of cultural resources. Provided day to day support of the crew and worked as a liaison between the Great Basin Institute and Mendocino National Forest personnel.

Conducted Section 106 and Section 110 Priority Heritage Asset assessments of archaeological resources throughout the eastern region of the Mendocino. Assisted in final Phase 1 survey report writing.

2021-2022
Various Cultural Resource Management Survey Projects, GA & NC (June 2021- April 2022). TerraXplorations, Inc., Archaeology Field Director.

Phase I shovel testing in various locations throughout Georgia, in addition to a single project just outside of Raleigh, NC. These projects include road, bridge, and culvert improvement surveys as well as solar tract, farm, and generator surveys. All projects were conducted in 30m intervals along transect within the ESB of the survey area. All positive shovel tests were then delineated in 15m interval cruciform to determine site boundaries. Several projects required the use of metal detection grids in order to thoroughly survey areas of known Civil War activity.

A number of projects for the Georgia Department of Transportation also required the probing of areas within the project ESB that were located within 1km from a known cemetery, with potential anomalies delineated and all results fully recorded. Duties include overseeing and directing field crews in locating, collecting, recording, and int erpreting data from the survey.

The supervision of personnel, including aiding in hiring and firing, performance rev iews, training, work allocation, and problem resolution. Ensuring safe work practices and directing morning safety meetings to address potential hazards and safety concerns in the areas scheduled for fieldwork that day. Participation in field and office me etings with PIs and company owners to address scheduling and management procedures based on client needs as well as those of state and federal regulations and requirements.

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Cultural Resource Management Survey Project, VAM -1 and Glasgow Pipeline Replacement, VA (May 2021- June 2021). TerraXplorations, Inc., Archaeology Crew Chief.

Phase I shovel test excavations from the replacement of the VAM -1 and Glasgow natural gas pipelines in the Blue Ridge Mountains, near the Appalachian Trail. Evaluated and conducted field work in various conditions in primarily mountainous terrain. Under direct supervision helped to manage and organize field crew in order to complete the project in a timely and efficient manner. Maintained field equipment and assisted in the writing and compilation of all field paperwork. Personally in charge of the majority of all mappings of and oversight of field crew for sites throughout the project area.

Various Cultural Resource Management Survey Projects, LA & MS (August 2020-May 2021). TerraXplorations, Inc., Archaeology Field Technician.

Phase I shovel test excavations for bank mitigation in Northeastern Mississippi along the Buttahatchee River. Phase III survey of two projects; the historic St. Amelia Plantation in Welcome, Louisiana and an unnamed prehistoric village in Plaquemine, Louisiana. The phase III projects both required excavating the foundations of various structures, and in the case of the prehistoric site excavating and mapping postholes within pits. The projects also required drawing plan views, and stratigraphic profiles, as well as feature and level write -ups. Unit excavations included 1mx1m to 3mx3m units, with a few requiring the extension of existing units to chase out observed features and artifact clusters.

Various Cultural Resource Management Survey Projects, ID & WI (June 2020 -July 2020). Tetra Tech, Inc., Archaeology Field Technician.

Phase I pedestrian surveying of various wind and solar farm projects throughout corn and soybean fields.

Cultural Resource Management Survey, Acadiana to Gillis, LA (January 2020-March 2020). BGE, Inc., Archaeology Field Technician.

Phase I shovel test excavations of proposed natural gas pipeline between Acadian and Gillis, Louisiana. This project entailed the excavation of 30mx30m units with distance varying based on HPA and LPA guidelines (a spacing of 30m to 50m respectively). A requirement of the survey was to maintain daily investigation point forms for individual shovel test units. In addition to this, it was required to aid in recording artifacts and photos of sites found throughout the project.

Various Cultural Resource Management Survey Projects, MN & IA (November 2019- December 2019). In Situ Archeological Consulting LLC, Archaeology Field Technician.

Phase I pedestrian surveying of various natural gas and cellular tower projects, as well as Phase II field work entailing the excavation of 45cmX45cm test units and GPS data collection. The projects also occasionally required the writing of site forms, and research for future projects at the Minnesota SHPO collections.

Cultural Resource Management Survey, Ten West Link Project, CA & AZ (August 2019-October 2019). POWER Engineers Inc., Archaeology Field Technician.

Phase I pedestrian survey of the proposed 500 kV transmission line connecting electrical substations in Tonopah, Arizona and Blythe, California. This project entailed working in one of five teams, and often included 1-2 tribal monitors from the Colorado River Indian Tribes. The right of way crews used a 400ft buffer for the corridor, with each team using a 15m spread to survey the proposed transmission line. This survey required the use of a Trimble GPS system to navigate the corridor and plot both isolate and site locations for GIS and recording crew use.

As part of the recording crew later in the survey, it was also required to conduct thorough site

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analysis and recordation via site forms and Trimble points of each observed artifact and feature, both historic and prehistoric.

Authored Publications
2024 Froshour, Heather. “Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment: Well No. 6 Replacement Project, Ivanhoe, California.”
2024 Froshour, Heather , and Jamie Neitenbach . “Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment:

Terra Bella Aggregate Quarry Construction Project, Terra Bella, California.” 2024 Froshour, Heather. “Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment: Realized Dreams Ranch Subdivision Project, Dixon, California.”
2024 Froshour, Heather, and Rowland, Kevin. “Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment:

Lindsay-Strathmore Irrigation District Highline Pipeline Replacement Project, Lindsay, California.”
2024 Froshour, Heather, and Rowland, Kevin. “Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment/ Evaluation: Rd 168 & E Walnut Ave Roundabout Project, Farmersville, California.”
2024 Froshour, Heather, and Rowland, Kevin. “Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment:

Cameron Ranch Housing Subdivision Project, Visalia, California.” 2024 Froshour, Heather. “Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment Cake House Cannabis Small Retail Centers, Wildomar, California.”
2024 Froshour, Heather. “Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment: Lagomarsinio Housing Subdivision Project, Tulare, California.”
2024 Froshour, Heather. “Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment: Elliot Housing Subdivision Project, Visalia, California.”
2023 Froshour, Heather. “Phase I Cultural Resources Evaluation: 30811 Bear Mountain Rd., Yokuts Valley, California.”
2023 Froshour, Heather. “Phase I Cultural Resources Evaluation: Shirley Peak, Rd. 622, Kern County, California.”
2023 Froshour, Heather. “Phase I Cultural Resources Evaluation: Sierra Vista Lookout., Quiggs Mountain, Mountain Ranch, California.”
2023 Froshour, Heather. “Phase I Cultural Resources Evaluation: Granite Rd., Mount Pheasant, Glennville, California.”
2023 Froshour, Heather. “Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment: 4415 Wilson Rd., Bakersfield, California.”
2023 Froshour, Heather. “Cultural Resources Desktop Assessment: 1941 N. Golden State Blvd., Fresno, California."
2023 Froshour, Heather. “Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment: 3174 Bonair Ave., Joshua Tree, California.”
2023 Froshour, Heather. “Cultural Resources Desktop Assessment: 3200 Rio Linda Blvd., Sacramento, California."
2023 Hawley, Maria and Froshour, Heather. “Cultural Resources Assessment, 18644 16th Ave., Stratford, California.”
2022 Lashway, Nick, Hovis, Chad, and Froshour, Heather. “Upper Thomes Forestwide Fuels Phase I Report: U.S.D.A. Forest Service Mendocino National Forest Covelo and Grindstone Ranger Districts, California.”

Academic Publications

2024 Harvey, Amanda R., Atherton, Heather, MacKinnon, Amy, Rushing, Brett, Zimmer, Paul, Froshour, Heather D., & Kubal, Kathleen. “Over a Decade of Design- Build Archaeology on the California High -Speed Rail, Construction Package 1 from Madera to Fresno, California.”

1322 E. Shaw Avenue, Suite 400, Fresno, CA 93710
www.soarhere.com ● 559.547.8884
2013 Hamilton, Nathan D. and Froshour, Heather D (presenter). “Explore 5,000 Years of History in Danvers, Massachusetts.”
2013 Froshour, Heather D. “Preserving the Past: Public and Historical Archaeology at the Rebecca Nurse Homestead, Danvers, Massachusetts.”
2012 Froshour, Heather D (presenter). “17 th-18th Century Occupations in Danvers, Massachusetts.”