Agenda — Yreka City Council, June 21, 2022 (part 2 of 2)

Reduce heavier pockets of dead/down
flammable material to < 5” depth; < 5-7
tons/acre in isolated logs acceptable.

Chaparral/Shrub Remove all chaparral. Individual ornamental shrubs should be spaced generally 2x shrub
height.

Remove up to 75 percent of chaparral
vegetation. Allow for intermittent small
pockets or clumps of chaparral/shrubs.

Pockets and clumps of chaparral remaining
should be healthy young- growth stage
and limbed to 1/3 height of
chaparral/shrub crown.

Less intensive brush removal with up to 30
foot for spacing of pockets and clumps of
chaparral and shrubs. The remaining
pockets and clumps of chaparral should be
healthy and at the young-growth stage;
and limbed to 1/3 height of
chaparral/shrub crown.

Trees Overstory
(without chaparral/shrub
understory)
Thin trees leaving at 10-foot to 20-foot
crown spacing (based on slope, tree size
and type); limb/prune lower branches 6-feet
above grade level, or lower 1/3 of tree
height on smaller trees.

Thin trees leaving approximately 10-foot
crown spacing (based on slope, tree size
and type); limb/prune lower branches 6-
feet up, or lower 1/3 of tree height on
smaller trees and removing all broken
limbs and dead material.

Thin trees leaving approximately 10-foot
crown spacing (based on slope, tree size
and type); Limb and prune lower branches
of larger trees up to 6-feet and removing
all broken limbs and dead material.

Trees Overstory
(with chaparral/shrub
understory)
Thinning specifications are the same as
Trees Overstory without Chaparral/shrub
understory in Zone A.

Understory: remove chaparral; limb/prune
ornamental shrubs to 1/3 of shrub height.

Thinning specifications are the same as
Trees Overstory without Chaparral/shrub
understory in Zone B.

Understory: occasional small, less dense
chaparral/shrub and small tree clumps and
pockets in openings without canopy and
small trees in openings (non-canopy) are
acceptable.

Thinning specifications are the same as
Trees Overstory without chaparral/shrub
understory in Zone C.

Understory specifications are the same as
Chaparral/shrub in Zone C except the
pockets and clumps are limited to tree
openings (non-canopy).
*Overstory thinning treatments should include oversight by local professional forester in support of forest product utilization. 399
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Implementation Restrictions for Fuel Treatment levels
There are several potential limitations and/or restrictions on Roadside and Fuel Treatment Units, including:
• A California Environmental Policy Act (CEQA) analysis may be required prior to implementation of site-specific projects. If the project is funded by a federal agency, then National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) procedures may also be required. • Masticated material along roads, recreation trails, and recreation sites should not exceed 6-inches in depth.
• Burn piles will be up to 4’ x 4’ x 4’ to assure the burn patch will recover. • Visually sensitive area considerations: boundaries between treatment levels can maintain free-form shapes and feathered edges that replicate natural patterns and profiles in surrounding landscape; avoid straight lines by scalloping and feathering along edges of vegetation. The feathering effect includes undulating edges horizontally and diverse heights of the brush retained on site.
• Precautions should be taken to prevent scarring of trees by equipment. • Signs should be posted warning the public of potential hazards during fuel treatment activities.

Sensitive plant and animal species
• Locations where sensitive plant species are found should be flagged and avoided or, if the density of species makes avoiding unfeasible, the area must be excluded from the treatment. Flagging and avoiding these plants will prevent damage from foot and vehicle traffic.
• In some locations a limited operating period for vegetation treatments must be observed in suitable nesting habitat. This timing is species specific, and an agency specialist will need to be consulted during planning phases.

Noxious Weeds
• To limit the spread and establishment of invasive plant species (e.g., noxious weeds) into project areas, all off-road heavy equipment used during project implementation should be washed free of noxious weeds and seeds or invasive exotic weeds and seeds before entering project areas. If any equipment works in an area where weeds occur, it is important to ensure that it be washed (especially the undercarriage), to remove weed propagules prior to entering other work locations that are free of weeds and prior to leaving the project area.
• All equipment staging areas and burn pile areas will be located away from known areas Fuel treatment implementation restrictions must be considered on a site specific/project level basis; beginning in the planning phases of project development. 400
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with noxious weed occurrences.

Cultural Resources
• Any known cultural resources within the proposed project area will be protected. If any sensitive cultural resources are found, a qualified Archaeologist will be notified.

Soil and Watershed
• Every effort should be made to minimize damage to surface soil structure and to reduce potential for erosion and sediment transport to drainages due to fuel management activities.
• Mechanical equipment use on slopes greater than 35 percent is not advised with following exception: Mastication can occur on slopes greater than 35 percent where the equipment is operating on slopes less than 30 percent and accessing steeper slopes with a boom arm.
• Chipped or masticated material may be “blown” back onto the slope where feasible to enhance soil coverage.

Recommended Best Management Practices
• All riparian areas and wetlands should be marked on project area maps. • Use of heavy equipment is not permitted in sensitive areas. Equipment with low ground pressure coefficients is less likely to cause soil disturbance. • Known landslide and unstable areas should be avoided for safety reasons and because vegetation treatment activities may result in increased potential for mass wasting and sediment delivery to stream courses.
• Heavy equipment should not work on slopes greater than 35 percent. Movement of any heavy equipment across slopes should be minimized. Heavy equipment will not be used in riparian areas.
• To protect streams and stream courses, the following actions are advised:
o Streamside Management Zone (SMZ) courses must be identified and flagged prior to any type of project implementation that will involve equipment use. o Location and method of stream course crossing should be identified prior to fuel reduction activities to protect the stream course. Permit may be needed depending on potential impact to water quality.
o Contractor shall repair all damage to a stream course, including banks and channels, to the extent feasible.
o Project vegetation debris shall be removed from the stream course as needed to maintain or enhance hydrology or fisheries.
o Water bars and other erosion control structures will be located so as to prevent water and sediment from being channeled into stream courses and to dissipate 401
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concentrated flows.
o No servicing or refueling of equipment will occur on site in identified sensitive areas.

Operators must contain and remove residues, waste oil, engine coolants, and other harmful materials from all worksites. Spill containment will be established prior to any on-site servicing or refueling.

6.3.4 Fuel Treatments
Fuel treatment types are generally described by the method of vegetation modification – mechanical, manual, prescribed fire, biological (grazing), and herbicide treatments. The following are brief descriptions of common fuel treatment implementation methods per fuel treatment type.

Mechanical: This treatment is generally associated with larger fuel treatment areas where the cost of contracting industrial machinery can be offset by rapidly treating larger portions of the landscape. Mechanical treatments can also be effective for linear treatments such as roadsides.

Common methods include:
• Mowing of grasses, weeds and low shrubs lowers the vertical component of light flashy fuels, leaves debris in place, and thereby reduces exposure to wind allowing more moisture absorption from the soil. Mowing in a larger area is typically accomplished using:
o a commercial size mower where the operator rides atop the equipment o a mower is dragged behind a vehicle or piece of equipment o the familiar push-type gasoline-powered mower
• Mastication is the mechanical grinding, crushing,
shredding, chipping, and chopping of fuel and leaving
debris in place. This treatment is used primarily in stands of chaparral shrub, mixed shrub, and trees or slash and
vegetation. Mastication rearranges and produces a less
flammable configuration for hazardous fuels by rearranging vertically oriented fuels into horizontally oriented fuels through cutting and chipping of standing vegetation and allowing moisture absorption from the soil. Several types of machinery have the capacity to do this mastication work.

Examples include:
o feller-bunchers or skidders modified with a masticating head o tractors pulling a mower/masticating head
o excavators with a masticating head on their boom dozers with masticator-type capability
o innovative custom machines with masticating capabilities, including smaller “skid steer” type equipment with variable type attachment heads • Commercial and Pre-Commercial Thinning of trees and shrubs is used as a treatment to modify the fuel structure in stands of trees and shrubs/brush that consist of a dense understory. Thinning a stand reduces ladder fuel and/or crown fuel South Mount Shasta Area
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continuity. A thinning treatment can provide economic returns, possibly producing some commercial products that should involve a Registered Professional Forester to develop thinning prescription guidelines. In most cases, thinning is only effective as a fuel management technique when the fine surface fuels are also reduced (Agee, J., Skinner, C., 2005).

A thinning prescription generally uses spatial distance between crowns and diameter limit for trees removed. An adequate thinning treatment should include specific guidance for treating the residue slash material, discussed subsequently. Equipment involved in various stages of thinning include:
o feller-buncher
o rubber tired or tracked skidder
o cable yarder
o chainsaws
o landing equipment such as forwarder, cutter, peeler, and chipper
• Slash treatment may include removal, chipping, mastication, or piling and burning. It is an important final step in a thin treatment but can also be a primary fuel reduction treatment in a timbered area that has not been thinned. Mechanical slash treatment equipment is similar to that used in a mastication option and may include:
o feller-bunchers or skidders modified with a masticating head o small dozer or masticating type machine
o excavators with a masticating head on their boom
o innovative custom machines with masticating capabilities o chipping equipment to chip debris/material and spread onsite or hauled offsite Manual: This process utilizes human labor to manually cut and remove or rearrange fuel.

Thinning, pruning and clearing of fuel are among the most common methods. Fuels treated manually are either chipped into a less flammable state (similar to mastication), removed from the site by a vehicle, or piled for burning at a later date when weather conditions preclude fire from spreading across the landscape. Manual fuel treatments are more precise than mechanical treatments and can address hazardous fuel conditions without having a significant impact on visual, cultural, or biological resources.
• Hand Thinning or removal of the smaller (typically non-merchantable sized) trees and shrubs is used as a treatment to modify the understory fuel structure in timbered stands with dense understory tree and shrub growth.
o Hand saws or gas-powered chain saws
o Small axe type tool
o Shears or other cutting tools for very small diameter trees/shrubs • Limbing or Pruning of larger trees
o Pole saw (gas or hand powered)
o Hand saws or gas-powered chain saws
WUI Property Thinning
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o Shears or other cutting tools
o Long-handle lopper tools
o Pruning shears
• Cutting, Hoeing or Raking of surface shrubs, slash and debris o Heavy duty hoe (e.g., McCleod type tool)
o Rock rake or heavy duty rake
• Handpiling
o Surface slash, limb wood and debris are piled by personnel • Weed-whacking of grasses and low-growing shrubs
o Cordless, electric or gas-powered weed whacker
o Rake with scraping/cutting edge (e.g., McCloud type tool) Prescribed Fire: Under appropriate weather conditions prescribed fire can rapidly eliminate fuel. Under carefully designated environmental prescriptions, fire can be applied as a treatment with or without manual or mechanical prefire fuel mitigation activities. However, within WUI zones, fire treatment is usually limited to use in conjunction with a piling and burning of slash operation. Pile burning is a cost-effective way to address the elimination of hazardous fuel. The slash/debris piling procedures follow specific guidance including pile size and location on a given site. The pile burning step takes place in cool moist winter conditions and must adhere to regulations per CAL FIRE and air regulators due to possible negative impacts to air quality.

Larger area burning requires additional level in permitting. Implementation of burning will have an elevated level of complexity and oversight by trained personnel. An approved burn plan and smoke management plan must be on file with the administering agency. Factors such as slope steepness, accessibility, proximity to other homes/property, smoke impacts, and ability to meet area burn prescriptions are a few associated complications. Complexity issues in prescribed burning operations are associated with risk, cost and feasibility to conduct operations in a safe and timely manner while achieving effective hazard reduction outcomes.

Biological: This treatment involves the use of domestic livestock grazing or browsing to reduce surface fuel loads and can be very effective. Grazing can reduce costs correlated with hand and mechanical treatments. Treatment location is restricted due to access, fencing requirements, transportation costs and transport of water from sources to the site.

Goats are the typical animal of choice for grazing within communities. Containment of these animals within a fuel treatment unit assures that they eat only the target vegetation. There are many other issues and considerations to become familiar with before utilizing this method of treatment.

Herbicide: This treatment type involves a broad or hand-applied chemical to kill live vegetation. A source for current information on this method is the Siskiyou County Agriculture Department Resource Protection website.

Disposal of greenwaste/fuels: This can be a difficult task in neighborhoods for many citizens. It should be a topic of discussion within each local community and include conversation Pile Burning
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with local fire department and agency personnel. In some cases, current efforts are underway for alternative offsite drop areas at scheduled intervals.

6.3.5 Existing Fuel Reduction Activities
The Yreka Area has completed numerous projects through a combination of roadside and treatment activities including enhanced structure protection projects (i.e., water storage structures, signage, and defensible space). These efforts need to be expanded to improve safety for fire apparatus access/egress and life safety of citizens and firefighters along all primary evacuation routes and key high use areas within all neighborhoods.

6.4 WILDFIRE EVACUATION ACTIONS
Evacuations save lives and allow responding personnel to focus on the emergency at hand.

Wildland fire emergencies in recent years across northern California have reinforced the importance of the message stated foremost in CAL FIRE’s Evacuation Tips:
“Please evacuate promptly when requested!”
It is the responsibility of each and every Yreka Area citizen to become educated and adopt measures to build resiliency in their hometowns and neighborhoods. Knowledge, mitigation actions and pre-planning are key components to survival.

The "Ready, Set, Go” suite of preparedness tools is a user friendly and informative set of tools to help citizens learn and prepare themselves, their families and neighborhoods for living in a wildfire environment.

Everyone should have a plan in place (the “Set” step of preparedness).

In an official evacuation request, the procedural terms ‘Evacuation Warning’ or ‘Evacuation Order’ are used to describe the alert level, defined as follows (Siskiyou County OES, 2018):
• Evacuation Order: Movement of community members out of a defined area due to an immediate threat to life and property from an emergency incident. An Evacuation Order should be used when there is potential or actual threat to civilian life within 1 to 2 hours or when the IC deems it necessary to protect civilians.
• Evacuation Warning: Alerting of community members in a defined area of a potential threat to life and property from an emergency incident. An Evacuation Warning may be issued when the potential or actual threat to civilian life is more than 2 hours away.

All evacuation instructions provided by officials should be followed immediately for your safety and for the safety of first responders (CAL FIRE Evacuation Tips, 2019).

A list of Actionable Items can be found in Appendix A.
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The lead time required to conduct mass evacuations during a wildfire event can be very short and immediate. During extreme conditions (i.e., in Butte County’s 2018 Camp Fire), evacuation routes were quickly overwhelmed forcing residents to abandon vehicles. Applied communitywide proactive tactics can reduce this mayhem. Success in community and/or multineighborhood evacuation necessitates pre-planning and practice to accommodate a safe exit strategy.

6.4.1 General Evacuation Process
Siskiyou County’s Sheriff Department is the responsible party to authorize implementation of an evacuation order. During a wildfire emergency, the
Sheriff Department’s decision to evacuate an area will
be conducted in coordination with appropriate local,
state and federal fire protection agencies and an
Incident Commander.

In some cases, individual communities have identified
“Temporary Refuge Areas” or designated areas to
move into and temporarily stage during wildfire
evacuations. Citizens should check with their local fire department/FSC representatives to learn their routes
and any designated staging areas.

Siskiyou County also has several locations that may be designated “evacuation shelter sites”, available to families, elderly, invalid adults, and animals during an emergency. These include public facilities such as fairgrounds, schools, and parks (County of Siskiyou, California, Emergency Operations Plan, 2018).

Fire Protection Agencies
Local, state and federal agencies participate in yearly drills and training and work in conjunction with the Office of Emergency Services (OES) for planning possible evacuation needs. These agencies follow responsibility protocol provided in interagency mutual agreements and regularly revisit the Wildland Fire Emergency Operations Plan, which defines initial attack, operational needs, and training. OES’s Countywide Hazard Mitigation Plan, includes evacuation planning, which encompasses roles and regulations of all the agencies that maintain responsibility in an emergency situation.

California law authorizes officers to restrict access to any area where a menace to public health or safety exists due to a calamity such as flood, storm, fire, earthquake, explosion, accident or other disaster. Refusal to comply is a misdemeanor. (Penal Code 409.5)
There is not a ‘ONE-SIZE-FITSALL’ process for wildfire evacuation procedures. Survival depends on
prompt and mindful actions. Success
depends on the ability to retain
composure and grasp ‘Situational
Awareness’ before taking action.

LEARNING and PLANNING
AHEAD are key factors.
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During Evacuation
• Emergency responder agencies will work with law enforcement on decisions regarding the need to be evacuated and the timing. Emergency responders will do their best to notify occupants.
• Law enforcement agencies are responsible for carrying out evacuations and enforcing security in evacuated areas.
• Representatives of local communities will work closely with emergency service agencies to ensure that local needs are communicated
• The Red Cross and/or Siskiyou County Human Services will establish shelters where people can go during the evacuation.
• Law enforcement will control traffic flow and maintain access for emergency equipment.

They may utilize workers from CalTrans, local public works departments, the Sheriff’s Posse, fire departments or mutual aid Law Enforcement Officers from other jurisdictions.

Emergency Response Communication
(See Section 6.1.2 Area Notification Systems for details and website information) Emergency responses are made based on a closest resource basis and each agency plans for and adjusts equipment based on time of year and anticipated needs. Additionally, some neighborhoods have established pre-planned emergency communication networks.

When a wildfire emergency requires evacuation, the Siskiyou County Sheriff’s Department and Fire Department will employ all communication methods to notify and alert individuals.

However, as experienced in the rapid wildfire events of 2017 and 2018 throughout California, communication systems can become overwhelmed. Therefore, all citizens must keep up their awareness of the dynamic situation. Proactive evacuation response remains the best option, especially when transportation responsibility includes dependent people and/or animals.

Emergency communication includes but is not limited to:
• Code RED
• Emergency Alert System (EAS) supported by the National Weather Service broadcast ❑ NOAA Weather Radio 162.5
❑ Local Radio Stations
• Radio and television announcements
• Exterior electro/mechanical sirens (in some communities) • Door-to-door notifications
• Social media, such as Twitter and Facebook
Countywide Emergency and Law Enforcement Telephone Contacts include:
• Call 911 for emergency.
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• Alternative emergency number (Sheriff’s dispatch) for fire, medical, or law enforcement:
530-841-2900 or 1-800-404-2911
• Sheriff’s Office non-emergency: 530-842-8301
For Emergency Communication details see Section 6.1

6.4.2 Evacuation Routes
The goal of an evacuation route is safe exit to a safer location.

When not faced with pending emergency, every resident should identify and become familiar with preferred evacuation routes as well as learn potential alternative routes if fire behavior and/or road conditions require a change. Predetermine a safe place to stay during the emergency. Identify the main roads out of the area and review viable options to gain safe access to them. While reviewing potential routes, it is important to consider and visualize others exiting the area in addition to incoming emergency vehicles, all on the same roads.

See PART II. Planning Areas for specific evacuation route guidance

6.4.3 Potential Issues with Evacuation
• Residents, business-owners and tourists/visitors may not have established preparedness plans.
• Individuals may choose to not evacuate, but instead stay and defend their properties or to shelter in place until the fire danger passes. These decisions can put their life safety, as well as that of emergency personnel, at risk.
• Individuals may be slow to leave their homes due to last-minute defensive preparations or to packing personal items, thereby jeopardizing life safety by fleeing fires in a panic.

Vulnerable populations and/or individuals with limited mobility may be less likely to be aware of or be able to respond to evacuation orders (see Section 2.2.1 for details).

6.4.4 Public Health Emergency Preparedness | Vulnerable/Fragile Population Siskiyou County’s Department of Health and Human Services provides a website link to Public Health Emergency Response Preparedness. This site provides a list of resources to assist in planning and preparing for potential emergency situations. Included is an important preplanning document: ‘Registration Request for Access and Function Needs Individuals’.

Delta Fire
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This is an important tool that can provide for assistance to a medically fragile or incapacitated individual during an emergency. In a rapid wildfire event situation, this registration process enables advance action by emergency response personnel to assist in evacuation of these people.

6.4.5 Compromised Evacuation Situations
The ability to live resiliently in a fire prone environment calls for employing proactive mitigation actions, learning survival skills, and planning for worst case wildfire scenarios. • Foremost in all evacuation situations: Listen to emergency alert instructions including those from the CodeRED emergency alert system and from law enforcement. It is highly recommended to have a battery-operated AM/FM radio included in your evacuation kit. • Rethink viable evacuation route (aka, ‘escape route’): it is imperative that the route out is safe for travel and leads to a known safer location.
• Stay informed about daily road construction or roadblocks: road projects often occur in summer months, and roadblocks or limited travel on primary travel/evacuation routes may be problematic.
• Learn and practice alternate evacuation routes: primary routes may not be viable if they are blocked due to congestion or unsafe due to wildfire spread. 1) Temporary Refuge Areas and Survivability Factors
Location of potentially survivable locations could become a significant factor if an evacuation route is compromised. Residents should be educated that utilizing this option should ONLY BE IN A LAST RESORT DECISION to survive, and familiarity with potential sites and routes should be part of their pre-planning actions. Nearby temporary refuge locations may include:
• Water bodies and water courses of a size and depth that will provide ample protection and where trees and debris cannot fall on top of you.
• Large open green grass fields such as ball fields and large open parks. • Large dirt fields such as well grazed or manicured (low height and density vegetated) agriculture ground.
• Large open parking lots away from trees, structures and other cars ➢ GENERAL TIPS TO SURVIVE IN TEMPORARY REFUGE AREA:
❑ Notify 911 and a friend; inform them of your location ❑ Stay calm; keep young children or dependents close to you ❑ If out of vehicle, stay low to the ground; if in dirt, dig an indentation (i.e., foxhole style) ❑ Protect airways with dry cotton material
❑ Stay watchful of flying debris
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2) Temporary Refuge / Shelter in Place
*** Utilizing this option should be A LAST RESORT DECISION to survive*** IF YOUR ARE FORCED TO SHELTER IN PLACE – FOLLOWING ARE GENERAL SITUATIONAL GUIDELINES:

While in your vehicle –
❑ Stay calm
❑ Park your vehicle in an area clear of vegetation
❑ Close all vehicle windows and vents
❑ Cover yourself with wool blanket or jacket
❑ Lie on vehicle floor
❑ Use your cell phone to advise officials – 911
While on foot –
❑ Stay calm
❑ Go to an area clear of vegetation, a ditch or depression if possible (or a body of water in open area)
❑ Lie face down, cover up
❑ Use your cell phone to advise officials – 911
While in your home –
❑ Stay calm, keep your family together
❑ Call 911 and inform authorities of your location
❑ Fill sinks and tubs with cold water
❑ Keep doors and windows closed, but UNLOCKED
❑ Stay inside your house
❑ Stay away from outside walls and windows
❑ Note – it will get hot in the house, but it is much hotter, and more dangerous outside After the fire passes, and if it is safe, check the following areas for fire – ❑ The roof and house exterior
❑ Under decks and inside your attic
❑ Your yard for burning trees, woodpiles, etc.
❑ Extinguish embers and sparks
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SECTION 7. FISCAL RESOURCES
A primary benefit of a Community Wildfire Protection Plan is to help qualify for grants and other potential financial resources. Limited fiscal resources budgetary constraints may make it difficult to address every need and implement all projects identified in a local CWPP. Timeframes associated with grants and other funding sources do not necessarily align with those of high priority projects. The YAFSC and other grant requestors will have a helpful new tool in their toolbox to help in project prioritization; a list of identified Actionable Items. This GYA tool supports the CWPP goals and can fulfill grant objectives in a timely manner as opportunities arise.

7.1 POTENTIAL GRANT FUNDING SOURCES
There are numerous opportunities for federal, state, and local grants. Several specific grant sources are summarized below.

Fire Service Grants and Funding (AFG)
Provides direct assistance on a competitive basis to fire departments of a State or tribal nation for protecting the health and safety of the public and firefighting personnel against fire and firerelated hazards.

Fire Service Grants and Funding (AFGP)
Through the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Assistance to Firefighters Grant Program (AFGP), career and volunteer fire departments and other eligible organizations can receive funding through three different grants to enhance a fire department’s organization’s ability to protect the health, safety of the public and protect the health of first responders, and increase or maintain the number of trained, "front-line" firefighters available in communities.

Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response Grant (SAFER) The Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response Grant (SAFER) was created to provide funding directly to fire departments and volunteer firefighter interest organizations to help them increase or maintain the number of trained, "front line" firefighters available in their communities. The goal of SAFER is to enhance the local fire departments' abilities to comply with staffing, response and operational standards established by the NFPA (NFPA 1710 and/or NFPA 1720).

Fire Prevention and Safety Grants (FP&S)
The Fire Prevention and Safety (FP&S) Grants are part of the Assistance to Firefighters Grants (AFG) and support projects that enhance the safety of the public and firefighters from fire and related hazards. The primary goal of this grant program is to reduce injury and prevent death among high-risk populations. In 2005, Congress reauthorized funding for FP&S and expanded the eligible uses of funds to include Firefighter Safety Research and Development.

Pre-Disaster Mitigation Grant Program (PDM)
The PDM Program, authorized by Section 203 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, is designed to assist States, territories, federally recognized tribes, and local communities in implementing a sustained pre-disaster natural hazard mitigation 412
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program. The goal is to reduce overall risk to the population and structures from future hazard events, while also reducing reliance on Federal funding in future disasters. This program awards planning and project grants and provides opportunities for raising public awareness about reducing future losses before disaster strikes.

PDM grants are funded annually by Congressional appropriations and are awarded on a nationally competitive basis.

Resource Advisory Committee
A Secure Rural Schools Resource Act Advisory Committee (RAC) provides recommendations to the Forest Service on the development and implementation of special projects on federal lands as most recently reauthorized under the Secure Rural Schools Act and Community SelfDetermination Act in Public Law 115-141. Each RAC consists of 15 people representing varied interests and areas of expertise, who work collaboratively to improve working relationships among community members and national forest personnel.

Since its’ creation, the RAC has helped fund numerous projects in Siskiyou County. Projects recommended by the RAC include trails reconstruction and maintenance projects, fish passage and waterway restoration, community wildfire fuels reduction efforts, conservation education programs, and noxious weed reduction efforts. All RAC projects must show a clear benefit to public lands. Many of the projects are located on National Forest lands in Siskiyou County, but a majority occurs on private lands.

Secure Rural Schools RACs were first established under the “Secure Rural School and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-393).

California Climate Investments
Forest Health Grants
• Project activities may include
o Reforestation
o Fuel Reduction and Prescribed Fire
o Pest Management
o Biomass Utilization
o Others
Information available at the CAL FIRE website.

Fire Prevention Grants
• Project activities may include:
o Hazardous Fuel Reduction
o Vegetation clearance in critical locations to reduce wildfire intensity and rate of spread.
o Creation or maintenance of fuel breaks in strategic locations, as identified in CAL FIRE Unit Fire Plans, a Community Wildfire Protection Plan, or similar strategic planning document.
o Removal of ladder fuels to reduce the risk of crown fires. 413
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o Creation of community-level fire prevention programs, such as community chipping days, roadside chipping, and green waste bin programs. o Selective tree removal (thinning) to improve forest health to withstand wildfire. o Modification of vegetation adjacent to roads to provide for safer ingress and egress of evacuating residents and responding emergency personnel. o Reduction of fuel loading around critical firefighting infrastructure, including, but no limited to, fire hydrants, water drafting locations, and staging areas. o Purchase of fuel modification equipment not to exceed $100,000. o Removal of dead and dying trees that pose a threat to public health and safety, and meet the following characteristics:
▪ Dead and dying trees must be greater than 10 inches in diameter and 20 feet in height
▪ Dead and dying trees must be reasonably accessible by equipment/machinery
▪ Dead and dying trees within 300 feet of permanent structures that pose a structural threat to the residence (this does not include movable or temporary sheds, outbuildings, or carports)
▪ Dead and dying trees within 300 feet of serviceable roadways that pose a structural threat to roadways or public or private infrastructure ▪ Dead or dying trees must be removed from existing fuel breaks or from Tier 2 high hazard zones
o Fire Prevention Education:
o Workshops, meetings, materials creation, and other educational activities with the purpose of increasing knowledge and awareness of information that could be used to reduce the total number of wildland fire and acres burned. o Fire Prevention Planning:
o Wildfire risk or related mapping.
o Creation of Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP). o Development of evacuation plans.
o Creation or updates to wildfire mitigation plans.

Information available at the CAL FIRE website.

California Fire Safe Council - Grant Clearinghouse Program State Fire Assistance Grants (SFA)
These grants were established in the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 and are given to state forest fire protection organizations to improve fire protection on non-federal lands.

They are provided on a 50-50 cost share basis and focus on several areas – 1) hazardous fuels treatments, 2) training for local firefighters, 3) creating fire-adapted communities, 4) fund two competitive processes to address high priority projects and landscapes in State Forest Action Plans, and 5) the purchase, maintenance, and rehabilitation of firefighting equipment for state forestry agencies.

SFA/WUI Grants
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California Office of Emergency Services (OES) Grants
Check the California OES grants website periodically for updates to available grant information.

Fire Management Assistance Grants (FMAG)
This program was authorized by the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. It provides for mitigation, management, and control of fires that threaten destruction that would constitute a major disaster. The purpose is to provide supplemental federal assistance to states and local governments to fight fires burning on public (non-federal) or privately owned forest or grassland.
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SECTION 8. MONITORING
The implementation of an agreed-upon monitoring schedule for this CWPP is an important task in future years.

8.1 CWPP MONITORING
A CWPP’s strength depends on collaboration, its relevance, and the ability to engage citizens in wildfire preparation and protection actions going forward. The monitoring step in the CWPP implementation process is an essential collaborative tool that effectively combines experience and resources for continued success moving into the future. A monitoring schedule will ensure that the plan meets necessary currency in policy, strategy and resources.

Citizens, agencies and all participants who contributed in the CWPP development process should continue the progression of collaborative planning and adapt strategies based on lessons learned over time. All entities involved will benefit from reviewing successes and challenges that evolve with perpetual change while living in a wildland fire environment. In the course of implementing actions, participants in all roles learn what does and does not work. These experiences are often critical steps in identifying potential strategic or tactical changes needed in a CWPP revision.

The YAFSC will provide a leadership role, accepting responsibility to initiate a periodic collaborative review of this CWPP at (i.e.) 5-year intervals to ensure its relevance. Significant changes in policy, budget, and/or environmental conditions may warrant a more frequent review.

8.2 FUEL TREATMENT MONITORING
Community level project monitoring and evaluation of fuel treatments establishes baseline data to draw on, for decisions about maintenance treatment schedules as well as determining whether there is a need to modify fuel treatment prescriptive guidelines. Organized monitoring records are also important when pursuing funding from outside sources.

Monitoring and evaluation of a fuel treatment establishes baseline data for decisions about maintenance treatment schedules and determining the need for modifying fuel treatment prescriptive guidelines. The primary aspects to consider in a fuel treatment-monitoring program are the type of evaluation, equipment needed, and monitoring intervals.

Example Monitoring Option:

Simple Visual Quantitative Monitoring Program
The following is an example of the equipment needed in a basic visual and qualitative data collection monitoring/evaluation process:
▪ Map of Fuel Treatment Units (FTU) or Fuel Break (FB) project with Treatment Sites ▪ Prescription table and information on known treatments/sites ▪ Clipboard with field notebook or writing pad
▪ Pen/pencil
▪ GPS location device
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▪ Tape measure
▪ Digital Camera
Procedures to follow in this type monitoring/evaluation fuel treatment site visit include:
▪ Accurate project location on a map
▪ Start a Project Log: entry in project specific notepad/book o Date of treatment
o Site FTU or FB name and corresponding number
o GPS coordinates
o Fuel type
o Treatment method used
▪ Take measurements of current growth heights (in grasses) or distances between sprouts in shrubs and seedling-trees.
▪ Take photos; GPS mark the photo site; optionally mark the plot site with, e.g., brightly painted rebar stakes, aluminum tag on nearby tree).

This information should be saved in a project file and should be compiled in an electronic file system accessible to appropriate YAFSC representative.

The recommended interval for site monitoring may fluctuate with site variables such as fuel types, rainfall amounts, or other needs. It is important to understand that a fuel treatment monitoring interval is not the same as that in treatment maintenance. For instance, the maintenance interval of grass/forbs may be 3 times in a year whereas a monitoring visit may only be once. In the early stages of an established fuel treatment (timber, shrub or mixed fuel type, other than grass), an annual visit to the site for the first 3 to 5 years is recommended.

This annual interval may likely be reduced in the out years depending on vegetation growth rates etc.

Developing a simple yet comprehensive monitoring and evaluation process is an important element of the fuels strategy component of a CWPP. The stored information is part of the project record database, which is helpful for:
1) Validating fuel treatment management strategies
2) Historical perspective of fuel treatments
3) Various educational forums
4) Providing important validation data for ongoing and future grant application processes. 417
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PART II. Planning Areas (1-10)

1. Hawkinsville

2. East Yreka

3. Central Yreka

4. West Yreka

5. The Pines

6. Schulmeyer Gulch

7. Cram Gulch and Guys Gulch

8. City of Yreka (Incorporated Area)

9. South Yreka Fire Protective District (FPD)

10. Threat Zone
Information provided in each Planning Area (PA) contains wildfire assessment products specific to each planning area. The information may be referenced and further refined for utilization in fire planning, project work, or for requesting grant funding. 418
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1. Hawkinsville
General Overview/Description
Hawkinsville is an unincorporated community that lies at the heart of this PA. It is located about two miles (3.2 km) north of Yreka and is 2,490 feet (759 m) above sea level. State Route 263 dissects the PA.

It is about 6,945 acres in size.

The upper reaches are
topographically defined by
Badger Mountain to the north
at 5,019 feet in elevation,
falling to 2,403 feet above
sea level (ASL) immediately
below Badger Mountain at the
confluence of Yreka Creek
and Shasta River.

Three drainages dominate the
area: Long Gulch running in a
west to east orientation;
Canal Gulch which runs east
to west at its upper reaches
and then in a northwest to
southeast aspect; and Rocky
Gulch, which runs in a
northwest to southeast
direction. Yreka Creek
dominates the lowest aspects
of the area.

Figure PA1.1. Map of the Hawkinsville Planning Area
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Wildland Fire Environment
The 2016 Grade Fire and subsequent 2020 Badger fire demonstrated the extreme volatility of the Hawkinsville PA. The Badger Fire burned 557 acres on Badger Mountain Road and Hawkinsville Humbug Road within sight of the city of Yreka, prompting evacuation orders and warnings. The fire was caused by a vehicle. On August 24, 2016, the Grade Fire ignited near Hawkinsville just two miles north of the city. It started due to an insufficient residential electrical connection during an extreme north wind event. It burned 710 acres and destroyed five structures.

The higher elevations are mixed conifer and oak woodlands. The remainder (approximately 75%) is covered by grass, shrub, or a grass/shrub mix (Figure PA1.2, Fuel Models). These fuel types are subject to very rapid spread rates during hot, dry summer months, making this PA especially vulnerable as the fire season progresses through summer and into fall. The upper reaches of Rocky Gulch and much of the surrounding ridges fall within the vicinity of high burn probabilities in a wildfire ignition (Figures PA1.3 and PA1.4, Burn Probability).

Wind-driven wildfires are the most significant weather concern and are further discussed in the Fire Behavior section below. Additional key risks of fire starts include the Highway 263 corridor, I-5 corridor, and lightning storms. The western half of the PA is also a very popular place to shoot firearms.
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Figure PA1.2. Fuel Models
Acres / % Acres of Primary Fuel Types – Hawkinsville
Acres % Acres
Grass 629 9.1%
Grass/Shrub 1,577 22.7%
Shrub 3,111 44.8%
Timber Litter 1,372 15%
Timber Understory 817 11.8%
Slash/Blowdown 0 0%
Non-modeled 207 3.0%
Total 6,945 100%
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Analysis of Expected Fire Behavior
Wildfires respond to weather, fuels (vegetation), and topography. Wind - primarily due to downdrafts from lightning storms or strong prevailing winds - is the most critical weather factor influencing fire behavior. Fuels are typically lighter and fires can be more easily suppressed especially in the lower and mid-slope areas of this PA earlier in the fire season. As the fire season progresses, wildfires become more problematic as summer temperatures increase and fuel moistures decrease.

Figures PA1.3, PA1.4, PA1.5 and PA1.6 and their data tables are unique to this PA and were derived from flame length and rate of spread analyses and for two distinct (early and late) fire season situations (see Section 5 for a methodology overview and definitions).

The outcomes were considered for two distinct but equally important fire characteristics:

1. Burn Probability
Figures PA1.3 and PA1.4 illustrate Burn Probability, providing an assessment of what areas and which types of fuels are likely to burn provided an ignition. The darker red a shaded area is, the more likely it is to burn. This is important information to determine where hazardous fuel mitigation may need to be focused.

One of the outputs from the Burn Probability modeling is the size of the modeled fires after two burning periods. This knowledge aids in understanding how fires want to burn and to what extent they might burn.
• Early Fire Season (60th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during early fire season simulations was 26 acres. The average fire size was 10.5 acres.
• Late Fire Season (97th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during late summer burned 16,225 acres. The largest area burned within the PA was 5,866 acres. Average acres for the simulation 4,615 and average acres within the PA 1,354 acres burned.

Wildfires burn across PA boundaries and simply expand in size and scope wherever burnable material exists. A fire that starts close to one PA boundary may predominantly burn into an adjoining area. When referring below to the “largest” fire burned, this is the total size across all PA boundaries. When “within” the PA, this is the total acres burned within the PA boundary.

2. Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity
Figures PA1.5 and PA1.6 display the outputs from the Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity modeling. This map combines predicted fireline intensity (flame length) and the rate of fire spread data, providing a more detailed and comprehensive view of potential safety concerns, problem fire hazard areas, and access issues. This tool can be useful to first responders to identify and address area-specific levels of suppression difficulty prior to an emergency. It can also be used by property owners to identify areas where actionable items 423
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can be targeted for home hardening/defensible space work and/or targeted hazardous fuels reduction work.

Areas in green are where wildfires are likely to be contained, with areas in red indicating areas of increased suppression difficulty. Areas that present themselves as red early in the season will be of concern throughout the entire season. These areas are a focus for hazard fuels mitigation work as they increase wildfire risk for a longer period of time.

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Figure PA1.3. Burn Probability - Early Fire Season Figure PA1.4. Burn Probability - Late Fire Season Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Size Class in Acres Class A:
0 to .25
Class B:
.25 to 10
Class C:
10 t0 100
Class D: 100
to 300
Class E: 300
to 1K
Class F:
1K to 5K
Class G:
5K +plus Total
# of Fires / % Fires 378 / 58% 271 / 42% 649 / 100%
# of Fires / % Fires 2 / 0% 215 / 13% 805 / 50% 597 / 37% 1,621 / 100% 426
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Figure PA1.5. Suppression Opportunity - Early Fire Season Figure PA1.6. Suppression Opportunity - Late Fire Season

Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Not Modeled Can Contain Likely to
Contain Might Contain Not Likely to Contain Cannot Contain Total # Acres / % Acres 207 / 3.0% 2,698 / 38.8% 569 / 8.2% 216 / 3.1% 351 / 5.1% 2,904 / 41.8% 6,945 / 100% No. of Structures 37 67 0 0 0 197 301
# Acres / % Acres 207 / 3.0% 353 / 5.1% 0 / 0% 565 / 8.1% 2,282 / 32.9% 3,537 / 50.9% 6,945 / 100% No. of Structures 37 14 0 3 49 198 301
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Outcomes/Results
The above analyses provided outputs that were further used to conduct a proximity analysis of structures within 180 feet of IASO map areas with extremely high resistance to control. The results of this work are found in Figures PA1.7 and PA1.8. These tools are for utilization by property owners and local agencies in continued dialogue about where work should be focused, with a goal of potentially accelerating hazard fuel reduction activities within the PA. An annual review of the following items is recommended: 1) local initiatives for fuel treatment, 2) annual actions to protect residential homes and neighborhoods by creating defensible space, and 3) changes such as fires or other actions, that may have modified onsite fuels since the prior review.

1. Structures Potentially at Risk
Figure PA1.7 was developed by creating Zones of Concern that extend 300 feet beyond identified structures.
• Red Polygons: Areas within the red polygons are zones that are at greatest risk for the longest period of time during the fire season. Fire modeling indicated that these areas were in modeled “Not-Likely-to-Contain” and “Cannot Contain” areas. • Orange Polygons: These are areas identified that will become more at risk later in the summer and into the fall before the first rains.

Property owners should perform all of their structure hardening and defensible space work as identified in Section 6 and Appendix A. This work should be carried out as soon as possible starting in early spring for areas with red polygons, followed by areas with orange polygons as the next highest priority.

Agencies, responsible parties and community members should identify priority areas for treatment and work outside their immediate defensible space.

2. Priority Areas/Roads for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation
Figure PA1.8 was developed by overlaying the Burn Probability analysis and Initial Attack Suppression Modeling outputs and suggests the following key priorities for treatments:

1. Roads/Infrastructure (areas detailed in Figure PA1.7)

2. Areas where Structures are highlighted by red polygons

3. Fuel Break along ridge between Hawkinsville/Humbug Rd and Long Gulch Rd. 428
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Figure PA1.7. Structures Potentially at Risk and Primary Arterial Roads of Concern Structures Potentially at Risk
Late Season Only Early and Late Season
No. of Structures 2 234
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Figure PA1.8. Priority Areas for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation 430
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#1 = Access-ingress/egress are among the highest priority safety elements in a wildfire emergency.
✓ Roadbed width and adequate pullouts
✓ Roadside vegetation clearance
✓ Roadside power-pole and power line clearance
✓ Signing of existing residence(s) on side roads
✓ Clear marking of fire hydrant/water sources
Wildfire Protection Resources
There are no local fire suppression resources within this PA. CAL FIRE has wildfire suppression responsibility for the area. The nearest CAL FIRE stations are in Yreka and Hornbrook. The Yreka, South Yreka, Montague, and Grenada Fire Departments would respond under mutual aid agreements.

Primary concerns and challenges faced by protection forces Contact information for local fire protection services
State Resources (CAL FIRE)
▪ CAL FIRE Yreka Station
1809 Fairlane Rd, Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 842-4359
▪ CAL FIRE Hornbrook Station
14638 Bradley Henley Rd, Hornbrook, CA 96044 | (530) 475-3582 Local Community & Volunteer Resources
▪ Yreka Fire Department
401 W. Miner St, Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 841-2383
▪ South Yreka Fire Protection District
3420 Easy St. Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 842-1477
▪ Montague Fire Department
121 South 10th St, Montague, CA 96064 | (530) 459-5343
▪ Grenada Fire Protection District
6055 4th Ave, Grenada, CA | (530) 436-2200
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2. East Yreka
General Overview/Description
The East Yreka PA lies to the east of I-5 and is about 11,615 acres in size. The PA is dissected by a range of hills: Butcher
Hill in the north at an
elevation of 3,248 feet above
sea level and, to the south,
Kilgore Hill which lies at 3,707
feet above sea level. The
lowest point in the PA is
approximately 2,645 feet above
sea level where Yreka Creek
flows under the freeway
overpass.

Yreka Creek generally
dominates the lowest aspects
of the area to the east of I-5.

Wildland Fire
Environment
80% of the PA is covered in
grass, grass/shrub and/or
shrub (Figure PA2.2, Fuel
Models). These fuel types are
subject to very rapid spread
rates during hot, dry summer
months, making this PA
especially vulnerable as the fire
season progresses through
summer and into fall (Figures
PA2.3 and PA2.4, Burn
Probability). Much of the Kilgore Hills and the Butcher Hill area falls within the vicinity of high burn probabilities in a wildfire ignition. The proximity of these areas to zones of population requires great vigilance as the fire season progress.

Wind-driven wildfires are the most significant concern.

Key risks of fire starts include the I-5 corridor, transient occupation along the Yreka Greenway, and lightning storms.

Figure PA2.1. Map of the East Yreka Planning Area
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Figure PA2.2. Fuel Models
Acres / % Acres of Primary Fuel Types – East Side Yreka Acres % Acres
Grass 6,752 58.1%
Grass/Shrub 1,020 8.8%
Shrub 1,554 13.4%
Timber Litter 511 4.4%
Timber Understory 68 0.6%
Slash/Blowdown
Non-modeled 1,710 14.7%
Total 11,615 100%
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Analysis of Expected Fire Behavior
Wildfires respond to weather and topography. Wind is the most critical weather factor influencing fire behavior. Wildfires can get large quickly primarily due to downdrafts from lightning storms or strong prevailing winds. Fuels are typically lighter and fires can be more easily suppressed especially in the lower and mid-slope areas of this PA earlier in the fire season. As the fire season progresses, wildfires become more problematic as summer temperatures increase and fuel moistures decrease.

Figures PA2.3, PA2.4, PA2.5 and PA2.6 and their data tables are unique to this PA and were derived from flame length and rate of spread analyses and for two distinct (early and late) fire season situations (see Section 5 for a methodology overview and definitions).

The outcomes were considered for two distinct but equally important fire characteristics:

1. Burn Probability
Figures PA2.3 and PA2.4 illustrate Burn Probability, providing an assessment of what areas and which types of fuels are likely to burn provided an ignition. The darker red a shaded area is, the more likely it is to burn. This is important information to determine where hazardous fuel mitigation may need to be focused.

One of the outputs from the Burn Probability modeling is the size of the modeled fires after two burning periods. This knowledge aids in understanding how fires want to burn and to what extent they might burn. There were 2,203 late fire season fires modeled for this PA. • Early Fire Season (60th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during early fire season simulations was 20 acres. The average fire size was 8.3 acres.
• Late Fire Season (97th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during late summer burned 16,225 acres. The largest area burned within the PA was 5,109 acres. Average acres for the simulation 5,309 and average acres within the PA 1,759 acres burned.

Wildfires burn across PA boundaries and simply expand in size and scope wherever burnable material exists. A fire that starts close to one boundary may have predominantly burned into an adjoining area. When referring below to the “largest” fire burned, this is the total size across all PA boundaries. When “within” the PA, this is the total acres burned within the PA boundary.

2. Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity
Figures PA2.5 and PA2.6 display the outputs from the Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity modeling. This map combines predicted fireline intensity (flame length) and the rate of fire spread data, providing a more detailed and comprehensive view of potential safety concerns, problem fire hazard areas, and access issues. This tool can be useful to first 434
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responders to identify and address area-specific levels of suppression difficulty prior to an emergency. It can also be used by property owners to identify areas where actionable items can be targeted for home hardening/defensible space work and/or targeted hazardous fuels reduction work.

Areas in gray are where: 1) structures are present in a dense enough fashion that no burnable fuel model could be assigned, or 2) areas that will not burn, e.g., irrigated fields, pavement, etc. Recent fire events across California have shown that areas within the gray can still burn; the closer to the WUI, the more vigilance is required. 435
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Figure PA2.3. Burn Probability - Early Fire Season Figure PA2.4. Burn Probability - Late Fire Season Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Size Class in Acres Class A:
0 to .25
Class B:
.25 to 10
Class C:
10 t0 100
Class D: 100
to 300
Class E: 300
to 1K
Class F:
1K to 5K
Class G:
5K +plus Total
# of Fires / % Fires 741 / 83% 155 / 17% 896 / 100%
# of Fires / % Fires 4 / 0.2% 5 / 0.2% 1 / 0% 13 / 0.6% 1,173 / 53.2%. 1,007 / 45.7% 2,203 / 100% 436
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Figure PA2.5. Suppression Opportunity - Early Fire Season Figure PA2.6. Suppression Opportunity - Late Fire Season

Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Not Modeled Can Contain Likely to
Contain Might Contain Not Likely to Contain Cannot Contain Total # Acres / % Acres 1,710 / 14.7% 8,296 / 71.4% 162 / 1.4% 126 / 1.1% 8 / 0.1% 1,313 / 11.3% 11,615 / 100% No. of Structures 771 708 4 0 0 108 1,591
# Acres / % Acres 1,701 / 14.7% 1,929 / 16.6% 0 / 0% 481 / 4.1% 4,868 /

41.9% 2,626 / 22.6% 11,615 / 100%
No. of Structures 771 123 0 85 504 108 301
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Outcomes/Results
The above analyses provided outputs that were further used to conduct a proximity analysis of structures within 180 feet of IASO map areas with extremely high resistance to control. The results of this work are found in Figures PA 2.7 and 2.8. These tools are for utilization by property owners and local agencies in continued dialogue about where work should be focused, with a goal of potentially accelerating hazard fuel reduction activities within the PA. An annual review of the following items is recommended: 1) local initiatives for fuel treatment, 2) annual actions to protect residential homes and neighborhoods by creating defensible space, and 3) changes such as fires or other actions that may have modified onsite fuels since the prior review.

1. Structures Potentially at Risk
Figure PA2.7 was developed by creating Zones of Concern that extend 300 feet beyond identified structures.
• Red Polygons: Areas within the red polygons are zones that are at greatest risk for the longest period of time during the fire season. Fire modeling indicated that these areas were in modeled “Not-Likely-to-Contain” and “Cannot Contain” areas. • Orange Polygons: These are areas identified that will become more at risk later in the summer and into the fall before the first rains.

Agencies, responsible parties and community members should identify priority areas for treatment and work outside their immediate defensible space.

2. Priority Areas/Roads for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation
Figure PA2.8 was developed by overlaying the Burn Probability analysis and Initial Attack Suppression Modeling outputs and suggests the following key priorities for treatments:

1. Roads/Infrastructure (areas detailed in Figure PA2.7)

2. Areas where Structures are highlighted by red polygons

3. Butcher Hill Communications Site

4. Kilgore Hills area
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Figure PA2.7. Structures Potentially at Risk and Primary Arterial Roads of Concern Structures Potentially at Risk
Late Season Only Early and Late Season
No. of Structures 425 865
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Figure PA2.8. Priority Areas for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation 440
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#1 = Access-ingress/egress are among the highest priority safety elements in a wildfire emergency.
✓ Roadbed width and adequate pullouts
✓ Roadside vegetation clearance
✓ Roadside power-pole and power line clearance
✓ Signing of existing residence(s) on side roads
✓ Clear marking of fire hydrant/water sources
Wildfire Protection Resources
Much of the western side of this PA is within the City of Yreka jurisdiction. This area is under the direct responsibility of the Yreka Fire Department. The rest of the area has CAL FIRE as its main wildland fire agency. The Yreka Fire Department’s station is in downtown Yreka. The nearest CAL FIRE stations are in Yreka and Hornbrook. The South Yreka, Montague, and Grenada Fire Departments would respond under mutual aid agreements.

3. Central Yreka
General Overview/Description
The Central Yreka PA lies to the east of I-5. It is about 4,232 acres in size. Its boundaries were previously designed during the 2013 CWPP and left intact. Most of the Yreka Area’s homes, businesses and related
structures can be found in
this PA. For an
assessment of the entire
incorporated city, see
Planning Area 8. Yreka
City Administrative
Boundary.

The PA is bounded by
Hawkinsville to the north,
West Yreka to the west
and the Pines to the
south. The ridge that
divides Long Gulch and
Humbug Gulch is the
dominant topographic
feature. The highest
elevation in the PA is the
northwest corner at about
4,200 feet. The lowest
point is the junction of
where the ridge comes
down to Yreka Creek.
2,540 feet. The other
prominent topographic
feature is the southern
boundary which is the
ridge that runs above
Greenhorn Park and
divides Greenhorn from
Lime Gulch.

Yreka Creek dominates the lowest aspects of the area where it is to the west of the freeway.

Figure PA3.1. Map of the Central Yreka Planning Area
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Wildland Fire Environment
Yreka has had several fires in the past that have threatened the city but have, as of yet, not impinged on city residents or businesses. The 64,000 plus acre Haystack burn in 1955 is the last large fire event that threatened the City. The 2016 Grade Fire and subsequent 2020 Badger Fire demonstrated the extreme volatility of the area and are reminders that fire continues to be a threat to the city. The Badger Fire burned 557 acres on Badger Mountain Road and Hawkinsville Humbug Road within sight of Yreka, prompting evacuation orders and warnings. The fire was caused by a vehicle. On August 24, 2016, the Grade Fire ignited near Hawkinsville just two miles north of town. It started due to an insufficient residential electrical connection during an extreme north wind event. It burned 710 acres and destroyed five structures.

Approximately 60% of this PA is grass, grass/shrub, and/or shrub (Figure PA3.2, Fuel Models).

These fuel types are subject to very rapid spread rates during hot, dry summer months, making this PA especially vulnerable as the fire season progresses through summer and into fall (Figures PA3.3 and PA3.4, Burn Probability). The ridged bounding the north with the Hawkinsville PA and the ridge to the south bounding with the Pines PA fall within the vicinity of high burn probabilities in a wildfire ignition (See Figures 2 and 3 and trailing Burn Probability discussion.). The proximity of these areas to zones of population requires great vigilance, as the fire season progress.

Wind-driven wildfires are the most significant weather concern and are further discussed in the Fire Behavior section below.

Key risks of fire start concerns include the mobile transient population, errant careless acts such as cigarettes being discarded, debris burns being lighted during adverse weather conditions, etc. As fire seasons get longer and drier, the more susceptible the City is to fire starts. 443
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Figure PA3.1. Fuel Models
Acres / % Acres of Primary Fuel Types – Central Yreka
Acres % Acres
Grass 489 11.6%
Grass/Shrub 630 14.9%
Shrub 1,321 31.0%
Timber Litter 356 8.4%
Timber Understory 125 2.9%
Slash/Blowdown
Non-modeled 1,312 31.0%
Total 4,232 100%
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Analysis of Expected Fire Behavior
Wildfires respond to weather, fuels (vegetation), and topography. Wind - primarily due to downdrafts from lightning storms or strong prevailing winds - is the most critical weather factor influencing fire behavior. Fuels are typically lighter and fires can be more easily suppressed especially in the lower and mid-slope areas of this PA earlier in the fire season. As the fire season progresses, wildfires become more problematic as summer temperatures increase and fuel moistures decrease.

Figures PA3.3, PA3.4, PA3.5 and PA3.6 and their data tables are unique to this PA and were derived from flame length and rate of spread analyses and for two distinct (early and late) fire season situations (see Section 5 for a methodology overview and definitions).

The outcomes were considered for two distinct but equally important fire characteristics:

1. Burn Probability
Figures PA3.3 and PA3.4 illustrate Burn Probability, providing an assessment of what areas and which types of fuels are likely to burn provided an ignition. The darker red a shaded area is, the more likely it is to burn. This is important information to determine where hazardous fuel mitigation may need to be focused.

One of the outputs from the Burn Probability modeling is the size of the modeled fires after two burning periods. This knowledge aids in understanding how fires want to burn and to what extent they might burn. There were 1,287 late fire season fires modeled for this PA. • Early Fire Season (60th percentile weather)
Largest fire modeled during early summer simulations was 20 acres. Average fire size was 9.5 acres.
• Late Fire Season (97th percentile weather)
Largest fire modeled burned 16,225 acres. The largest area burned within the PA was 2,945 acres. Average acres for the simulation 4,912 and average acres within the PA 753 acres burned.

2. Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity
Figures PA3.5 and PA3.6 display the outputs from the Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity modeling. This map combines predicted fireline intensity (flame length) and the rate of fire spread data, providing a more detailed and comprehensive view of potential safety concerns, problem fire hazard areas, and access issues. This tool can be useful to first responders to identify and address area-specific levels of suppression difficulty prior to an 445
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emergency. It can also be used by property owners to identify areas where actionable items can be targeted for home hardening/defensible space work and/or targeted hazardous fuels reduction work.

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Figure PA3.3. Burn Probability - Early Fire Season Figure PA3.4. Burn Probability - Late Fire Season)

Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Size Class in Acres Class A:
0 to .25
Class B:
.25 to 10
Class C:
10 t0 100
Class D: 100
to 300
Class E: 300
to 1K
Class F:
1K to 5K
Class G:
5K +plus Total
# of Fires / % Fires 189 / 65% 103 / 35% 292 / 100%
# of Fires / %
Fires 5 / 0.4% 4 / 0.3% 0 / 0% 58 / 4.5% 767 / 59.9% 447 / 34.9% 1,281 / 100% 448
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Figure PA3.5. Suppression Opportunity - Early Fire Season Figure PA3.6. Suppression Opportunity - Late Fire Season

Note: The darker the color, the higher flame length/fire intensity.

Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Not Modeled Can Contain Likely to
Contain Might Contain Not Likely to Contain Cannot Contain Total # Acres / % Acres 1,312 / 31.0% 1,402 / 33.1% 85 / 2.0% 143 / 3.4% 38 / 0.9% 1,252 / 29.6% 4,232 / 100% No. of Structures 2,596 392 3 0 0 223 3,214
# Acres / % Acres 1,312 / 31.0% 400 / 9.5% 0 / 0% 193 / 4.5% 876 / 20.7% 1,452 / 34.3% 4,232/ 100% No. of Structures 2,596 129 0 68 198 223 3,214
449
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Outcomes/Results
The above analyses provided outputs that were further used to conduct a proximity analysis of structures within 180 feet of IASO map areas with extremely high resistance to control. The results of this work are found in Figures PA3.7 and PA3.8. These tools are for utilization by property owners and local agencies in continued dialogue about where work should be focused, with a goal of potentially accelerating hazard fuel reduction activities within the PA. An annual review of the following items is recommended: 1) local initiatives for fuel treatment, 2) annual actions to protect residential homes and neighborhoods by creating defensible space, and 3) changes such as fires or other actions that may have modified onsite fuels since the prior review.

1. Structures Potentially at Risk
Figure PA3.7 was developed by creating Zones of Concern that extend 300 feet beyond identified structures.
• Red Polygons: Areas within the red polygons are zones that are at greatest risk for the longest period of time during the fire season. Fire modeling indicated that these areas were in modeled “Not-Likely-to-Contain” and “Cannot Contain” areas. • Orange Polygons: These are areas identified that will become more at risk later in the summer and into the fall before the first rains.

Agencies, responsible parties and community members should identify priority areas for treatment and work outside their immediate defensible space.

2. Priority Areas/Roads for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation
Figure PA3.8 was developed by overlaying the Burn Probability analysis and Initial Attack Suppression Modeling outputs and suggests the following key priorities for treatments:

1. Roads/Infrastructure (areas detailed in Figure PA3.7)

2. Areas where structures are highlighted by red polygons

3. Oak Ridge Mobile Estates

4. The general west side of the PA

5. The northern extent of the PA

6. The ridge that divides Greenhorn and The Pines PA

7. The area depicted as 1-11 in Figure PA3.8 (the area between the COS Campus and Greenhorn Park)
450
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Figure PA3.7. Structures Potentially at Risk and Primary Arterial Roads of Concern Structures Potentially at Risk
Late Season Only Early and Late Season
No. of Structures 521 1,718
451
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Figure PA3.8. Priority Areas for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation 452
128 | P a g e Y r e k a C W P P
#1 = Access-ingress/egress are among the highest priority safety elements in a wildfire emergency.
✓ Roadbed width and adequate pullouts
✓ Roadside vegetation clearance
✓ Roadside power-pole and power line clearance
✓ Signing of existing residence(s) on side roads
✓ Clear marking of fire hydrant/water sources
Wildfire Protection Resources
The City of Yreka is a Local Responsibility Area. What that means is that the City has full responsibility for all fires regardless of type. CAL FIRE has wildfire suppression responsibility for all the areas surrounding the City of Yreka. As wildland fires are a threat to State Responsibility Areas (SRA), CAL FIRE will respond and fully support all wildland fire situations, as they pose a threat to SRA lands. The Yreka Fire department will have full responsibility with CAL FIRE as a partner. The nearest CAL FIRE station is in Yreka. Hornbrook and Ft Jones CAL FIRE stations would respond in most cases. The South Yreka, Montague, and Grenada Fire Departments would respond under mutual aid agreements.

4. West Yreka
General Overview/Description
The West Yreka PA is bounded by the Central Yreka PA to the east, and the ridge defined by Soap Creek Ridge to the southwest, tying in with Mahogany Point (elevation 5,994 feet) and Montana Peak (elevation 5,758 feet), West Yreka PA to the west and The Pines PA to the south.

The ridge that divides Long
Gulch and Humbug Gulch is
the dominant topographic
feature. The highest
elevation in the PA is the
northwest corner at about
4,200 feet. The lowest point
is the junction of where the
ridge comes down to Yreka
Creek at an elevation of
2,540 feet. The other
prominent topographic
feature is the southern
boundary which is the ridge
that runs above Greenhorn
Park and divides Greenhorn
from Lime Gulch.

Yreka Creek dominates the
lowest aspects of the area
where it is to the west of the
I-5.

Figure PA4.1. Map of the West Yreka Planning Area
454
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Wildland Fire Environment
Over 50% of the PA is covered in grass, grass/shrub and/or shrub (see Figure PA4.2, Fuel Models). These fuel types are subject to very rapid spread rates during hot, dry summer months which makes this PA especially vulnerable as the fire season progresses through summer and into fall. The defining ridge at the northern boundary and spur that comes off of it fall within the vicinity of high burn probabilities in a wildfire ignition (see Figures PA4.3 and PA

4.4, Burn Probability). The proximity of these areas to more densely populated areas requires great vigilance as the fire season progress. Fuel conditions and weather will also combine with almost 30% of the area presenting itself as difficult to suppress early in the fire season increasing to almost 75% difficult to suppress by late fire season (see Figures PA4.5 and PA

4.6, Suppression Opportunity).

Wind-driven wildfires are the most significant concern.

Key risks of fire starts include the Greenhorn Road corridor from residents and recreational use and lightning storms across the general area.
455
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Figure PA4.2. Fuel Models
Acres/% Acres of Primary Fuel Types
Acres % Acres
Grass 817 10.0%
Grass/Shrub 1,815 22.3%
Shrub 1,770 21.8%
Timber Litter 1,661 20.4%
Timber Understory 1,988 24.4%
Slash/Blowdown
Non-modeled 84 1.0%
Total 8,134 100%
456
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Analysis of Expected Fire Behavior
Wildfires respond to weather, fuels (vegetation), and topography. Wind - primarily due to downdrafts from lightning storms or strong prevailing winds - is the most critical weather factor influencing fire behavior. Fuels are typically lighter and fires can be more easily suppressed especially in the lower and mid-slope areas of this PA earlier in the fire season. As the fire season progresses, wildfires become more problematic as summer temperatures increase and fuel moistures decrease.

Figures PA 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6 and their data tables are unique to this PA and were derived from flame length and rate of spread analyses and for two distinct (early and late) fire season situations (see Section 5 for a methodology overview and definitions).

The outcomes were considered for two distinct but equally important fire characteristics:

1. Burn Probability
Figures PA4.3 and PA4.4 illustrate Burn Probability, providing an assessment of what areas and which types of fuels are likely to burn provided an ignition. The darker red a shaded area is, the more likely it is to burn. This is important information to determine where hazardous fuel mitigation may need to be focused. There were 1,541 late fire season fires modeled for this PA.
• Early Fire Season (60th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during early fire season simulations was 16 acres. The average fire size was 8.7 acres.
• Late Fire Season (97th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during late summer burned 7,356 acres. The largest area burned within the PA was 5,109 acres. Average acres for the simulation 5,309 and average acres within the PA 3,592 acres burned.

2. Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity
Figures PA4.5 and PA4.6 display the outputs from the Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity modeling. This map combines predicted fireline intensity (flame length) and the rate of fire spread data, providing a more detailed and comprehensive view of potential safety concerns, problem fire hazard areas, and access issues. This tool can be useful to first responders to identify and address area-specific levels of suppression difficulty prior to an emergency. It can also be used by property owners to identify areas where actionable items 457
133 | P a g e Y r e k a C W P P
can be targeted for home hardening/defensible space work and/or targeted hazardous fuels reduction work.

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459
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Figure PA4.3. Burn Probability - Early Fire Season Figure PA4.4. Burn Probability - Late Fire Season Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Size Class in Acres Class A:
0 to .25
Class B:
.25 to 10
Class C:
10 t0 100
Class D: 100
to 300
Class E: 300
to 1K
Class F:
1K to 5K
Class G:
5K +plus Total
# of Fires / % Fires 667 / 84% 123 / 16% 790 / 100%
# of Fires / % Fires 43 / 2.8% 643 / 41% 843 / 54.7% 23 / 1.5% 1543 / 100% 460
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Figure PA4.5. Suppression Opportunity - Early Fire Season Figure PA4.6. Suppression Opportunity - Late Fire Season Note: The darker the color, the higher flame length/fire intensity.

Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Not Modeled Can Contain Likely to
Contain Might Contain Not Likely to Contain Cannot Contain Total # Acres / % Acres 84 / 1.0% 4,002 / 49.2% 1,202 / 14.8% 429 / 5.3% 1,122 / 13.8% 1,296 / 15.9% 8,134 / 100% No. of Structures 6 57 4 1 2 32 102
# Acres / % Acres 84 / 1.0% 974 / 12.0% 0 / 0% 1,031 / 12.5% 3,801 / 46.7% 2,263 / 27.8% 8,134 / 100% No. of Structures 6 12 0 15 35 34 102
461
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Outcomes/Results
The above analyses provided outputs that were further used to conduct a proximity analysis of structures within 180 feet of IASO map areas with extremely high resistance to control. The results of this work are found in Figures PA4.7 and PA4.8. These tools are for utilization by property owners and local agencies in continued dialogue about where work should be focused, with a goal of potentially accelerating hazard fuel reduction activities within the PA. An annual review of the following items is recommended: 1) local initiatives for fuel treatment, 2) annual actions to protect residential homes and neighborhoods by creating defensible space, and 3) changes such as fires or other actions that may have modified onsite fuels since the prior review.

1. Structures Potentially at Risk
Figure PA4.7 was developed by creating Zones of Concern that extend 300 feet beyond identified structures.
• Red Polygons: Areas within the red polygons are zones that are at greatest risk for the longest period of time during the fire season. Fire modeling indicated that these areas were in modeled “Not-Likely-to-Contain” and “Cannot Contain” areas. • Orange Polygons: These are areas identified that will become more at risk later in the summer and into the fall before the first rains.

Agencies, responsible parties and community members should identify priority areas for treatment and work outside their immediate defensible space.

2. Priority Areas/Roads for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation
Figure PA4.8 was developed by overlaying the Burn Probability analysis and Initial Attack Suppression Modeling outputs and suggests the following key priorities for treatments:

1. Roads/Infrastructure (areas detailed in Figure PA4.7)

2. Areas where structures are highlighted by red polygons

3. The Ridge at the north of the PA (Humbug Ridge Polygon 1-6)

4. The areas just west of the Yreka City PA labelled 1-6 and 1-9 in Figure PA4.8 below. 462
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Figure PA4.7. Structures Potentially at Risk and Primary Arterial Roads of Concern Structures Potentially at Risk
Late Season Only Early and Late Season
No. of Structures 4 75
463
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Figure PA4.8. Priority Areas for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation 464
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#1 = Access-egress routes are amongst the highest priority safety elements in a wildfire emergency.
o Evacuation Route Mitigation Actions are a necessity for life safety of citizens and emergency personnel
Evacuation route assessment should include, but is not limited to:
✓ Roadbed width and adequate pullouts
✓ Roadside vegetation clearance
✓ Roadside power-pole and power line clearance
✓ Signing of existing residence(s) on side roads
✓ Clear marking of fire hydrant/water sources
Wildfire Protection Resources
CAL FIRE has wildfire suppression responsibility for of the West Side Planning. Yreka City Fire Department and South Yreka Fire Protection District will work in partnership with CAL FIRE under mutual aid agreements. The nearest stations are in Yreka and South Yreka. The Hornbrook, Montague and Grenada Fire Departments would also respond under mutual aid agreements.

5. The Pines
General Overview/Description
The Pines PA lies to the south of the Central Yreka PA. It is about 10,513 acres in size. The PA is bounded by the Central Yreka PA to the north, and the Schulmeyer Gulch PA to the southeast. It is dissected by Highway 3 (Yreka Creek) and Walters Lane (Walters Gulch). The highest elevations are found along the ridge between Walters Gulch and Oak Valley/Schulmeyer Gulch. The highest point is where the southern-most extension of the PA border makes a dramatic turn to the north. This elevation is about 5,440 feet. The lowest point is where Yreka Creek runs under the I-5 freeway in the northeast corner at an elevation of 2,711 feet.

Figure PA5.2. Map of The Pines Planning Area
466
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Wildland Fire Environment
Almost 50% of the PA is covered in grass, grass/shrub and/or shrub and 45% in timber related fuels (Figure PA5.2, Fuel Models). These fuel types are subject to very rapid spread rates during hot, dry summer months which make this PA especially vulnerable as the fire season progresses through summer and into fall. The northern most ridge in the PA and the ridge that divides Yreka Creek and Walters Gulch fall within the vicinity of high burn probabilities in a wildfire ignition (Figures PA5.3 and PA5.4). Fuel conditions and weather combine presenting slightly over 20% of the area as difficult to suppress early in the fire season increasing to almost 70% difficult to suppress by late fire season (Figures PA5.5 and PA 5.6, Suppression Opportunity).

The proximity of these areas to zones of population requires great vigilance, as the fire season progress.

Wind-driven wildfires are the most significant concern.

Key risks of fire starts include the Highway 3. Both the lower end of Highway 3 and the lower end of Walters Gulch have high concentrations of homes. Lightning storms also present the risk of random fire starts.
467
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Figure PA5.2. Fuel Models
Acres/% Acres of Primary Fuel Types – The Pines
Acres % Acres
Grass 1,669 15.9%
Grass/Shrub 1,943 18.5%
Shrub 1,457 13.9%
Timber Litter 2,994 28.5%
Timber Understory 1,784 17.0%
Slash/Blowdown
Non-burnable 667 6.3%
Total 10,514 100%
468
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Analysis of Expected Fire Behavior
Wildfires respond to weather, fuels (vegetation), and topography. Wind - primarily due to downdrafts from lightning storms or strong prevailing winds - is the most critical weather factor influencing fire behavior. Fuels are typically lighter and fires can be more easily suppressed especially in the lower and mid-slope areas of this PA earlier in the fire season. As the fire season progresses, wildfires become more problematic as summer temperatures increase and fuel moistures decrease.

Figures PA5.3, PA5.4, PA5.5 and PA5.6 and their data tables are unique to this PA and were derived from flame length and rate of spread analyses and for two distinct (early and late) fire season situations (see Section 5 for a methodology overview and definitions).

The outcomes were considered for two distinct but equally important fire characteristics:

1. Burn Probability
Figures PA5.3 and PA5.4 illustrate Burn Probability, providing an assessment of what areas and which types of fuels are likely to burn provided an ignition. The darker red a shaded area is, the more likely it is to burn. This is important information to determine where hazardous fuel mitigation may need to be focused.

One of the outputs from the Burn Probability modeling is the size of the modeled fires after two burning periods. This knowledge aids in understanding how fires want to burn and to what extent they might burn. There were 1,821 late fire season fires modeled for this PA. • Early Fire Season (60th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during early fire season simulations was 20 acres. The average fire size was 8.3 acres.
• Late Fire Season (97th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during late summer burned 5,500 acres. The largest area burned within the PA was 4,376 acres. Average acres for the simulation was 1,681 and average acres within the PA 668 acres burned.

2. Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity
Figures PA5.5 and PA5.6 display the outputs from the Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity modeling. This map combines predicted fireline intensity (flame length) and the rate of fire spread data, providing a more detailed and comprehensive view of potential safety 469
145 | P a g e Y r e k a C W P P
concerns, problem fire hazard areas, and access issues. This tool can be useful to first responders to identify and address area-specific levels of suppression difficulty prior to an emergency. It can also be used by property owners to identify areas where actionable items can be targeted for home hardening/defensible space work and/or targeted hazardous fuels reduction work.

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471
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Figure PA5.3. Burn Probability - Early Fire Season Figure PA5.4. Burn Probability -Late Fire Season Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Size Class in Acres Class A:
0 to .25
Class B:
.25 to 10
Class C:
10 t0 100
Class D: 100
to 300
Class E: 300 to
1K
Class F:
1K to 5K
Class G:
5K +plus Total
# of Fires / % Fires 797 / 91% 76 / 9% 873 / 100%
# of Fires / % Fires 2 / 0.1% 0 / 0 35 / 1.9%% 692 / 38.0%% 1,079 / 59.3% 13 / 0.7% 1,821 / 100% 472
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Figure PA5.5. Suppression Opportunity - Early Fire Season Figure PA5.6. Suppression Opportunity - Late Fire Season

Note: The darker the color, the higher flame length/fire intensity.

Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Not Modeled Can Contain Likely to
Contain Might Contain Not Likely to Contain
Cannot
Contain Total
# Acres / % Acres 667 / 6.3% 5,167 / 49.2% 1,213 / 11.5% 1,221 / 11.6% 1,216 / 11.6% 1,028 / 9.8% 10,513 / 100% No. of Structures 147 708 0 0 0 52 605
# Acres / % Acres 667 / 6.3% 1,443 / 13.7% 0 / 0% 982 / 9.3% 3,663 / 34.8% 3,758 / 35.7% 10,513 / 100% No. of Structures 147 155 0 33 218 52 65
473
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Outcomes/Results
The above analyses provided outputs that were further used to conduct a proximity analysis of structures within 180 feet of IASO map areas with extremely high resistance to control. The results of this work are found in Figures PA 1.7 and 1.8. These tools are for utilization by property owners and local agencies in continued dialogue about where work should be focused, with a goal of potentially accelerating hazard fuel reduction activities within the PA. An annual review of the following items is recommended: 1) local initiatives for fuel treatment, 2) annual actions to protect residential homes and neighborhoods by creating defensible space, and 3) changes such as fires or other actions that may have modified onsite fuels since the prior review.

1. Structures Potentially at Risk
Figure PA5.7 was developed by creating Zones of Concern that extend 300 feet beyond identified structures.
• Red Polygons: Areas within the red polygons are zones that are at greatest risk for the longest period of time during the fire season. Fire modeling indicated that these areas were in modeled “Not-Likely-to-Contain” and “Cannot Contain” areas. • Orange Polygons: These are areas identified that will become more at risk later in the summer and into the fall before the first rains.

Agencies, responsible parties and community members should identify priority areas for treatment and work outside their immediate defensible space.

2. Priority Areas/Roads for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation
Figure PA5.8 was developed by overlaying the Burn Probability analysis and Initial Attack Suppression Modeling outputs and suggests the following key priorities for treatments:

1. Roads/Infrastructure (areas detailed in Figure PA5.7)

2. Areas where structures are highlighted by red polygons.

3. There are areas of concern at the base of Highway 3 that need to be addressed.

These stand out as they are proximate to areas of high use by motorists exiting and using services Area 1-10 and 1-11 is an area with many homes and structures.

Highway 3 experiences high use.

4. The upper reaches of Walters Gulch Areas 1-13 and 1-14. 474
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Figure PA5.7. Structures Potentially at Risk and Primary Arterial Roads of Concern Structures Potentially at Risk
Late Season Only Early and Late Season
No. of Structures 170 290
475
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Figure PA5.8. Priority Areas for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation 476
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#1 = Access-ingress/egress are among the highest priority safety elements in a wildfire emergency.
✓ Roadbed width and adequate pullouts
✓ Roadside vegetation clearance
✓ Roadside power-pole and power line clearance
✓ Signing of existing residence(s) on side roads
✓ Clear marking of fire hydrant/water sources
Wildfire Protection Resources
CAL FIRE has wildland fire responsibility for the Pines. The South Yreka Fire Protection District has structure protection responsibility. Most fires in the area will generate a mutual response from has responsibility for most of the Yreka City Limits PA. CAL FIRE and South Yreka Fire Protection District has fire responsibilities for some of this area. They will work in partnership with CAL FIRE. The nearest stations are in Yreka and South Yreka. The Hornbrook, Montague, and Grenada Fire Departments would respond under mutual aid agreements.

6. Schulmeyer Gulch
General Overview/Description
The Schulmeyer Gulch PA lies to the south of The Pines PA and north of the Cram/Guys Gulch PA. It is about 8,270 acres in size. There are 511 homes or other structures larger than homes.

Residents are concentrated in the lower reaches of Schulmeyer Gulch and along Old Highway

99. The ridge that divides
Schulmeyer and Guys Gulch
is the dominant feature. The
highest point is the southern
tip of the ridge. The
elevation is about 6,100
feet. The lowest point is
where Guys Gulch nears the
northeast corner of the PA.

The elevation there is 2,680
feet.

Figure PA6.1. Map of Schulmeyer Gulch Planning Area
478
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Wildland Fire Environment
35% of the PA is covered in grass, grass/shrub and/or shrub and forested fuels comprise about 53% of the area (Figure 6.2, Fuel Models). These fuel types are subject to very rapid spread rates during hot, dry summer months which makes this PA especially vulnerable as the fire season progresses through summer and into fall. Forested areas tend to burn more slowly and can have a greater intensity and increased resistance to control. The tendency to want to burn based on the modeling is perhaps the lowest of all of the PAs. This is partially due to the forested fuels which are less susceptible to fire starts than the flashier, lighter brush/grass fuels (Figures PA6.3 and PA6.4, Burn Probability).

Early fire season fuel conditions and weather conditions present a scenario where only 14% of the modeled fire starts become problematic. As the season progresses, over half of the modeled late fire season starts can become troublesome to suppress (Figures PA6.5 and PA6.6, Suppression Opportunity). The proximity of these areas to zones of population requires great vigilance as the fire season progress. The absence of large Class G fires also speaks to the slower spread rates of the forested fuels.

Wind-driven wildfires are the most significant concern.

Key risks of fire starts include the inhabited areas of Schulmeyer Gulch and Old Highway 99 and the high traffic use along Old Highway 99. Summer lightning storms also present a high firestart risk. 479
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Figure PA6.2. Fuel Models
Acres/% Acres of Primary Fuel Types – Schulmeyer Gulch
Acres % Acres
Grass 971 11.7%
Grass/Shrub 1,641 19.8%
Shrub 454 5.5%
Timber Litter 2,721 32.9%
Timber Understory 1,650 20.0%
Slash/Blowdown 0 0
Not Modeled 832 10.1%
Total 8,270 100%
480
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Analysis of Expected Fire Behavior
Wildfires respond to weather, fuels (vegetation), and topography. Wind - primarily due to downdrafts from lightning storms or strong prevailing winds - is the most critical weather factor influencing fire behavior. Fuels are typically lighter and fires can be more easily suppressed especially in the lower and mid-slope areas of this PA earlier in the fire season. As the fire season progresses, wildfires become more problematic as summer temperatures increase and fuel moistures decrease.

Figures PA6.3, PA6.4, PA6.5 and PA6.6 and their data tables are unique to this PA and were derived from flame length and rate of spread analyses and for two distinct (early and late) fire season situations (see Section 5 for a methodology overview and definitions).

The outcomes were considered for two distinct but equally important fire characteristics:

1. Burn Probability
Figures PA6.3 and PA6.4 illustrate Burn Probability, providing an assessment of what areas and which types of fuels are likely to burn provided an ignition. The darker red a shaded area is, the more likely it is to burn. This is important information to determine where hazardous fuel mitigation may need to be focused.

One of the outputs from the Burn Probability modeling is the size of the modeled fires after two burning periods. This knowledge aids in understanding how fires want to burn and to what extent they might burn. There were 1,608 late fire season fires modeled for this PA. • Early Fire Season (60th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during early fire season simulations was 16 acres. The average fire size was 7.9 acres.
• Late Fire Season (97th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during late summer burned 4,898 acres. The largest area burned within the PA was 1,964 acres. Average acres for the simulation 1,667 and average acres within the PA 490 acres burned.

2. Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity
Figures PA6.5 and PA6.6 display the outputs from the Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity modeling. This map combines predicted fireline intensity (flame length) and the rate of fire spread data, providing a more detailed and comprehensive view of 481
157 | P a g e Y r e k a C W P P
potential safety concerns, problem fire hazard areas, and access issues. This tool can be useful to first responders to identify and address area-specific levels of suppression difficulty prior to an emergency. It can also be used by property owners to identify areas where actionable items can be targeted for home hardening/defensible space work and/or targeted hazardous fuels reduction work.

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Figure PA6.3. Burn Probability - Early Fire Season Figure PA6.4. Burn Probability - Late Fire Season Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Size Class in Acres Class A:
0 to .25
Class B:
.25 to 10
Class C:
10 t0 100
Class D: 100
to 300
Class E: 300
to 1K
Class F:
1K to 5K
Class G:
5K +plus Total
# of Fires / % Fires 678 / 96% 26 / 4% 704 / 100%
# of Fires / % Fires 6 / 0.4% 5 / 0.3% 593 / 36.9% 1,004 / 62.4% 1,608 / 100% 484
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Figure PA6.5. Suppression Opportunity - Early Fire Season Figure PA6.6. Suppression Opportunity - Late Fire Season

Note: The darker the color, the higher flame length/fire intensity.

Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Not Modeled Can Contain Likely to
Contain Might Contain Not Likely to Contain Cannot Contain Total # Acres / % Acres 832 / 10.1% 4,294 / 51.9% 1,472 / 17.8% 482 / 5.8% 966 / 11.7% 223 / 2.7% 8,270 / 100% No. of Structures 117 359 14 0 0 21 511
# Acres / % Acres 832 / 10.1% 1,862 / 22.5% 0 / 0% 1,111 / 13.4% 3,318 / 40.1% 1,147 / 13.4% 8,270 / 100% No. of Structures 117 176 0 81 116 21 511
485
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Outcomes/Results
The above analyses provided outputs that were further used to conduct a proximity analysis of structures within 180 feet of IASO map areas with extremely high resistance to control. The results of this work are found in Figures PA 1.7 and 1.8. These tools are for utilization by property owners and local agencies in continued dialogue about where work should be focused, with a goal of potentially accelerating hazard fuel reduction activities within the PA. An annual review of the following items is recommended: 1) local initiatives for fuel treatment, 2) annual actions to protect residential homes and neighborhoods by creating defensible space, and 3) changes such as fires or other actions that may have modified onsite fuels since the prior review.

1. Structures Potentially at Risk
Figure PA6.7 was developed by creating Zones of Concern that extend 300 feet beyond identified structures.
• Red Polygons: Areas within the red polygons are zones that are at greatest risk for the longest period of time during the fire season. Fire modeling indicated that these areas were in modeled “Not-Likely-to-Contain” and “Cannot Contain” areas. • Orange Polygons: These are areas identified that will become more at risk later in the summer and into the fall before the first rains.

Agencies, responsible parties and community members should identify priority areas for treatment and work outside their immediate defensible space.

2. Priority Areas/Roads for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation
Figure PA6.8 was developed by overlaying the Burn Probability analysis and Initial Attack Suppression Modeling outputs and suggests the following key priorities for treatments:

1. Roads/Infrastructure (areas detailed in Figure PA5.7)

2. Areas where structures are highlighted by red polygons

3. The Ridge between Walters Gulch and Schulmeyer Gulch

4. Between Schulmeyer Road and Memory Lane

5. Antelope Mountain Communications Site
486
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Figure PA6.7. Structures Potentially at Risk and Primary Arterial Roads of Concern Structures Potentially at Risk
Late Season Only Early and Late Season
No. of Structures 196 180
487
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Figure PA6.8. Priority Areas for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation 488
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#1 = Access-ingress/egress are among the highest priority safety elements in a wildfire emergency.
✓ Roadbed width and adequate pullouts
✓ Roadside vegetation clearance
✓ Roadside power-pole and power line clearance
✓ Signing of existing residence(s) on side roads
✓ Clear marking of fire hydrant/water sources
Wildfire Protection Resources
CAL FIRE has wildland fire responsibility for Schulmeyer Gulch. The South Yreka Fire Protection District has structure protection responsibility. Most fires in the area will generate a mutual aid response from the Yreka Fire Department, the Grenada Fire Protection District and the Montague Fire Department. They will work in partnership with CAL FIRE.

Primary concerns and challenges faced by protection forces Contact information for local fire protection services
State Resources (CAL FIRE)
▪ CAL FIRE Yreka Station
1809 Fairlane Rd, Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 842-4359
▪ CAL FIRE Hornbrook Station
14638 Bradley Henley Rd, Hornbrook, CA 96044 | (530) 475-3582 Local Community & Volunteer Resources
▪ Yreka Fire Department
401 W. Miner St, Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 841-2383
▪ South Yreka Fire Protection District
3420 Easy St. Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 842-1477
▪ Grenada Fire Protection District
6055 4th Ave, Grenada, CA 96038 | (530) 436-2200
▪ Montague Fire Department
121 South 10th St, Montague, CA 96064 | (530) 459-5343
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7. Cram Gulch and Guys Gulch
General Overview/Description
The Cram and Guys Gulch PA lies to the south of the Schulmeyer Gulch PA. It is southern-most PA in the Yreka Area Fire Safe Council area. It is about 8,644 acres in size. There are 511 homes or other structures larger than homes. The majority of the residents are concentrated along both Guys Gulch and
Cram Gulch Roads. The
ridge that divides
Schulmeyer Gulch and Guys
Gulch is the dominant
feature. The highest point is
Antelope Mountain the
southern tip of the ridge at
an elevation of about 6,100
feet ASL. The lowest point is
where Guys Gulch and Cram
Gulch flow under the I-5
bridge in the north at an
elevation of 2,660 feet.

Figure PA7.1. Map of Cram and Guys Gulch Planning Area
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Wildland Fire Environment
60% of the PA is covered in grass, grass/shrub and/or shrub, with forested fuels comprising about 32% of the area (Figure PA7.2, Fuel Models). Grass/shrub fuel types are subject to very rapid spread rates during hot, dry summer months which makes this PA especially vulnerable as the fire season progresses through summer and into fall. Forested area tend to burn slower and can have a greater intensity and increased resistance to control. This PA has perhaps the greatest concentration of high burn probabilities (Figures PA7.3 and PA7.4, Burn Probability).

This is partially due to the grass/brush combinations of fuels coupled with a more flammable forested configuration.

Early fire season fuel conditions and weather conditions present a scenario where only 9% of the modeled fire starts become problematic. As the season progresses, the increase in resistance to control increases a startling 66% of late fire season starts becoming troublesome to suppress (Figures PA7.5 and PA7.6). The proximity of these areas to zones of population requires great vigilance as the fire season progress. The absence of large Class G fires also speaks to the slower spread rates of the forested fuels.

Wind-driven wildfires are the most significant.

Key risks of fire starts include the inhabited areas of Guys Gulch and Cram Gulch roads. There is little recreational use in the area. Summer lightning storms also present a high fire-start risk. 491
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Figure PA7.2. Fuel Models
Acres/% Acres of Primary Fuel Types – Cram Guys Gulch
Acres % Acres
Grass 2,216 25.6%
Grass/Shrub 2,304 26.7%
Shrub 737 8.5%
Timber Litter 1,860 21.5%
Timber Understory 918 10.6%
Slash/Blowdown 0 0
Not Modeled 609 7.0%
Total 8,644 100%
492
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Analysis of Expected Fire Behavior
Wildfires respond to weather, fuels (vegetation), and topography. Wind - primarily due to downdrafts from lightning storms or strong prevailing winds - is the most critical weather factor influencing fire behavior. Fuels are typically lighter and fires can be more easily suppressed especially in the lower and mid-slope areas of this PA earlier in the fire season. As the fire season progresses, wildfires become more problematic as summer temperatures increase and fuel moistures decrease.

Figures PA7.3, PA7.4, PA7.5 and PA7.6 and their data tables are unique to this PA and were derived from flame length and rate of spread analyses and for two distinct (early and late) fire season situations (see Section 5 for a methodology overview and definitions).

The outcomes were considered for two distinct but equally important fire characteristics:

1. Burn Probability
Figures PA7.3 and PA7.4 illustrate Burn Probability, providing an assessment of what areas and which types of fuels are likely to burn provided an ignition. The darker red a shaded area is, the more likely it is to burn. This is important information to determine where hazardous fuel mitigation may need to be focused.

One of the outputs from the Burn Probability modeling is the size of the modeled fires after two burning periods. This knowledge aids in understanding how fires want to burn and to what extent they might burn. There were 1,525 late fire season fires modeled for this PA. • Early Fire Season (60th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during early fire season simulations was 20 acres. The average fire size was 8.2 acres.
• Late Fire Season (97th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during late summer burned 6,108 acres. The largest area burned within the PA was 3,751 acres. Average acres for the simulation 2,512 and average acres within the PA 973 acres burned.

2. Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity
Figures PA7.5 and PA7.6 display the outputs from the Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity modeling. This map combines predicted fireline intensity (flame length) and the rate of fire spread data, providing a more detailed and comprehensive view of potential safety concerns, problem fire hazard areas, and access issues. This tool can be useful to first responders to identify and address area-specific levels of suppression difficulty prior to an 493
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emergency. It can also be used by property owners to identify areas where actionable items can be targeted for home hardening/defensible space work and/or targeted hazardous fuels reduction work.

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Figure PA7.3. Burn Probability - Early Fire Season Figure PA7.4. Burn Probability - Late Fire Season Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Size Class in Acres Class A:
0 to .25
Class B:
.25 to 10
Class C:
10 t0 100
Class D: 100
to 300
Class E: 300
to 1K
Class F:
1K to 5K
Class G:
5K +plus Total
# of Fires / % Fires 644 / 94% 40 / 6% 684 / 100%
# of Fires / % Fires 3 / 0.2% 307 / 20.1% 1,154 / 75.7% 61 / 4.0% 1,525 / 100% 496
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Figure PA7.5. Suppression Opportunity - Early Fire Season Figure PA7.6. Suppression Opportunity - Late Fire Season Note: The darker the color, the higher flame length/fire intensity.

Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Not Modeled Can Contain Likely to Contain Might Contain Not Likely to Contain Cannot Contain Total
# Acres / % Acres 609/ 7.0% 5,775 / 66.8% 1,167 / 13.5% 319 / 3.7% 366 / 4.2% 408 / 4.7% 8,644 / 100% No. of Structures 12 147 5 0 0 18 182
# Acres / % Acres 609 / 7.0%% 1,274 / 14.7% 0 / 0% 1,061 / 12.3% 3,987 / 46.1% 1,713 / 19.8% 8,644 / 100% No. of Structures 12 18 0 14 120 18 182
497
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Outcomes/Results
The above analyses provided outputs that were further used to conduct a proximity analysis of structures within 180 feet of IASO map areas with extremely high resistance to control. The results of this work are found in Figures PA 1.7 and 1.8. These tools are for utilization by property owners and local agencies in continued dialogue about where work should be focused, with a goal of potentially accelerating hazard fuel reduction activities within the PA. An annual review of the following items is recommended: 1) local initiatives for fuel treatment, 2) annual actions to protect residential homes and neighborhoods by creating defensible space, and 3) changes such as fires or other actions that may have modified onsite fuels since the prior review.

1. Structures Potentially at Risk
Figure PA7.7 was developed by creating Zones of Concern that extend 300 feet beyond identified structures.
• Red Polygons: Areas within the red polygons are zones that are at greatest risk for the longest period of time during the fire season. Fire modeling indicated that these areas were in modeled “Not-Likely-to-Contain” and “Cannot Contain” areas. • Orange Polygons: These are areas identified that will become more at risk later in the summer and into the fall before the first rains.

Agencies, responsible parties and community members should identify priority areas for treatment and work outside their immediate defensible space.

2. Priority Areas/Roads for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation
Figure PA7.8 was developed by overlaying the Burn Probability analysis and Initial Attack Suppression Modeling outputs and suggests the following key priorities for treatments:

1. Roads/Infrastructure (areas detailed in Figure PA7.7)

2. Areas where structures are highlighted by red polygons

3. The Antelope Mountain Communications Site

4. Cram Gulch Road
498
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Figure PA7.7. Structures Potentially at Risk and Primary Arterial Roads of Concern Structures Potentially at Risk
Late Season Only Early and Late Season
No. of Structures 58 81
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Figure PA7.8. Priority Areas for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation 500
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#1 = Access-ingress/egress are among the highest priority safety elements in a wildfire emergency.
✓ Roadbed width and adequate pullouts
✓ Roadside vegetation clearance
✓ Roadside power-pole and power line clearance
✓ Signing of existing residence(s) on side roads
✓ Clear marking of fire hydrant/water sources
Wildfire Protection Resources
CAL FIRE has wildland fire responsibility for Guys and Cram Gulches. The South Yreka Fire Protection District will soon have structure protection responsibility. Most fires in the area will generate a mutual aid response from the Yreka Fire Department, the Grenada Fire Protection District and the Montague Fire Department. They will work in partnership with CAL FIRE.

Primary concerns and challenges faced by protection forces Contact information for local fire protection services
State Resources (CAL FIRE)
▪ CAL FIRE Yreka Station
1809 Fairlane Rd, Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 842-4359
▪ CAL FIRE Hornbrook Station
14638 Bradley Henley Rd, Hornbrook, CA 96044 | (530) 475-3582 Local Community & Volunteer Resources
▪ Yreka Fire Department
401 W. Miner St, Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 841-2383
▪ South Yreka Fire Protection District
3420 Easy St. Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 842-1477
▪ Grenada Fire Protection District
6055 4th Ave, Grenada, CA 96038 | (530) 436-2200
▪ Montague Fire Department
121 South 10th St, Montague, CA 96064 | (530) 459-5343
501
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8. City of Yreka (Incorporated Area)
General Overview/Description
The City of Yreka PA is intended to provide a complete look at all of the analysis outcomes for city managers and the Yreka Fire Department. Yreka is the largest city in Siskiyou County with a populaton of 7,508. It is also
the County seat. The vast
majority of the structures
within the incorporated area
are in the central portion of
the PA.

It is about 6,383 acres in
size. There are
approximately 3,655
structures that are homes,
major structures or
businesses.

Figure PA8.1. Map of the City of Yreka Planning Area
502
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Wildland Fire Environment
Yreka has had several fires in the past that have threatened the city but have, as of yet, not impinged on city residents or businesses. The 64,000 plus acre Haystack burn in 1955 is the last large fire event that threatened the City. The 2016 Grade Fire and subsequent 2020 Badger Fire demonstrated the extreme volatility of the area and are reminders that fire continues to be a threat to the city. The Badger Fire burned 557 acres on Badger Mountain Road and Hawkinsville Humbug Road within sight of Yreka, prompting evacuation orders and warnings. The cause of this fire is still under investigation. On August 24, 2016, the Grade Fire ignited near Hawkinsville just two miles north of town. It started due to an insufficient residential electrical connection during an extreme north wind event. It burned 710 acres and destroyed five structures.

Over 60% of the PA is covered in grass, grass/shrub and/or shrub. These fuel types are subject to very rapid spread rates during hot, dry summer months, making this PA especially vulnerable as the fire season progresses through summer and into fall. Forested fuels comprise about 32% of the area. Forested areas tend to burn slower and can have a greater intensity and increased resistance to control. This PA has a high concentration of high burn probabilities along the eastern sections. This is partially due to the grass/brush combinations of fuels coupled with a more flammable forested configuration (Figures PA8.2 and PA8.3, Burn Probability).

Early fire season fuel conditions and weather conditions present a scenario where 25% of the modeled fire starts become problematic. That is worth considering as these areas will be the city throughout the fire season. As the season progresses, the increase in resistance to control becomes 55% of late fire season starts becoming troublesome to suppress (Figures PA8.4 and PA8.5, Suppression Opportunity). The proximity of these areas to zones of population requires great vigilance, as the fire season progress. The absence of large Class G fires also speaks to the slower spread rates of the forested fuels.

Wind-driven wildfires are the most significant weather concern and are further discussed in the Fire Behavior section below. Fire start concerns include the mobile transient population, errant careless acts such as cigarettes being discarded, debris burns being lighted during adverse weather conditions, etc. As fire seasons get longer and drier, the more susceptible the city is to fire starts.

Key risks of fire starts include the I-5 corridor, transient occupation along the Yreka Greenway and lightning storms.
503
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Figure PA8.2. Fuel Models
Acres / % Acres of Primary Fuel Types – Yreka City
Acres % Acres
Grass 1,461 22.9%
Grass/Shrub 765 12.0%
Shrub 1,661 26.0%
Timber Litter 331 5.2%
Timber Understory 96 1.5%
Not Modeled 2,069 32.4%
Total 6,383 100%
504
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Analysis of Expected Fire Behavior
Wildfires respond to weather, fuels (vegetation), and topography. Wind - primarily due to downdrafts from lightning storms or strong prevailing winds - is the most critical weather factor influencing fire behavior. Fuels are typically lighter and fires can be more easily suppressed especially in the lower and mid-slope areas of this PA earlier in the fire season. As the fire season progresses, wildfires become more problematic as summer temperatures increase and fuel moistures decrease.

Figures PA8.3, PA8.4, PA8.5 and PA8.6 and their data tables are unique to this PA and were derived from flame length and rate of spread analyses and for two distinct (early and late) fire season situations (see Section 5 for a methodology overview and definitions).

The outcomes were considered for two distinct but equally important fire characteristics:

1. Burn Probability
Figures PA8.3 and PA8.4 illustrate Burn Probability, providing an assessment of what areas and which types of fuels are likely to burn provided an ignition. The darker red a shaded area is, the more likely it is to burn. This is important information to determine where hazardous fuel mitigation may need to be focused.

One of the outputs from the Burn Probability modeling is the size of the modeled fires after two burning periods. This knowledge aids in understanding how fires want to burn and to what extent they might burn. Of the 25,000 fires modeled for the Late Fire Season scenario, 1,887 starts fell within the City of Yreka for the Late Fire Season scenario. • Early Fire Season (60th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during early summer simulations was 26 acres. The average fire size was 9 acres.
• Late Fire Season (97th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during late summer burned 16,225 acres. The largest area burned within the PA was 3,793 acres. Average acres for the Wildfires burn across PA boundaries and simply expand in size and scope wherever burnable material exists. A fire that starts close to one PA boundary may predominantly burn into an adjoining area. When referring below to the “largest” fire burned, this is the total size across all PA boundaries. When “within” the PA, this is the total acres burned within the PA boundary.

2. Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity
Figures PA8.5 and PA8.6 display the outputs from the Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity modeling. This map combines predicted fireline intensity (flame length) and the rate of fire spread data, providing a more detailed and comprehensive view of potential safety 505
181 | P a g e Y r e k a C W P P
concerns, problem fire hazard areas, and access issues. This tool can be useful to first responders to identify and address area-specific levels of suppression difficulty prior to an emergency. It can also be used by property owners to identify areas where actionable items can be targeted for home hardening/defensible space work and/or targeted hazardous fuels reduction work.

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507
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Figure PA8.3. Burn Probability - Early Fire Season Figure PA8.4. Burn Probability - Late Fire Season Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Size Class in Acres Class A:
0 to .25
Class B:
.25 to 10
Class C:
10 t0 100
Class D: 100
to 300
Class E: 300
to 1K
Class F:
1K to 5K
Class G:
5K +plus Total
# of Fires / % Fires 304 / 68% 146 / 32% 450 / 100%
# of Fires / % Fires 9 / 0.2% 4 / 0.3% 0 / 0.9%% 29 / 23.3% 996 / 60.2% 849 / 15.5% 1,887 / 100% 508
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Figure PA8.5. Suppression Opportunity - Early Fire Season Figure PA8.6. Suppression Opportunity - Late Fire Season Note: The darker the color, the higher flame length/fire intensity.

Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Not Modeled Can Contain Likely to
Contain Might Contain Not Likely to Contain Cannot Contain Total # Acres / % Acres 2,069 / 32.4% 2,570 / 40.3% 124 / 1.9% 28 / 0.4% 11 / 0.2% 1,581 / 24.8% 6,383 / 100% No. of Structures 3,185 717 0 0 0 284 4,186
# Acres / % Acres 2,069 / 32.9% 518 / 8.1% 0 / 0% 294 / 4.6% 1,803 / 28.3% 1,699 / 26.6% 6,383 / 100% No. of Structures 3,185 158 0 104 455 284 4,186
509
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Outcomes/Results
The above analyses provided outputs that were further used to conduct a proximity analysis of structures within 180 feet of IASO map areas with extremely high resistance to control. The results of this work are found in Figures PA 1.7 and 1.8. These tools are for utilization by property owners and local agencies in continued dialogue about where work should be focused, with a goal of potentially accelerating hazard fuel reduction activities within the PA. An annual review of the following items is recommended: 1) local initiatives for fuel treatment, 2) annual actions to protect residential homes and neighborhoods by creating defensible space, and 3) changes such as fires or other actions that may have modified onsite fuels since the prior review.

Agencies, responsible parties and community members should identify priority areas for treatment and work outside their immediate defensible space.

1. Roads/Infrastructure (areas detailed in Figure PA8.7)

2. Areas where structures are highlighted in red polygons

3. Oak Ridge Mobile Estates

4. Butcher Hill Communication Site

5. The general west side of the PA (areas labelled 1-9 and 1-11 in Figure PA8.8 below)

6. The northern extent of the PA (areas labelled 1-4 and 1-5 in Figure PA8.8 below) 510
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Figure PA8.7. Structures Potentially at Risk and Primary Arterial Roads of Concern Structures Potentially at Risk
Late Season Only Early and Late Season
No. of Structures 758 2,275
511
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Figure PA8.8. Priority Areas for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation 512
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#1 = Access-ingress/egress are among the highest priority safety elements in a wildfire emergency.
✓ Roadbed width and adequate pullouts
✓ Roadside vegetation clearance
✓ Roadside power-pole and power line clearance
✓ Signing of existing residence(s) on side roads
✓ Clear marking of fire hydrant/water sources
Wildfire Protection Resources
The City of Yreka is a Local Responsibility Area. This means that the City has full responsibility for all fires regardless of type. CAL FIRE has wildfire suppression responsibility for all the areas surrounding the City of Yreka. As wildland fires are a threat to State Responsibility Areas (SRA), CAL FIRE will respond and fully support all wildland fire situations, as they pose a threat to SRA lands. The Yreka Fire department will have full responsibility with CAL FIRE as a partner. The nearest CAL FIRE station is in Yreka. Hornbrook and Ft Jones CAL FIRE stations would respond in most cases. The South Yreka, Montague, and Grenada Fire Departments would respond under mutual aid agreements.

9. South Yreka Fire Protection District
General Overview/Description
The South Yreka Fire Protection District PA provides a complete look at all of the analysis tools and outcomes available in this CWPP for the Chief and Board of Directors of the South Yreka Fire Protection District. The
expansion of the SYFPD will
bring in homeowners that
were previously not covered
by a fire department.

The SYFPD is about 39,059
acres in size. There are
approximately 1,258
structures that are homes,
major structures or
businesses. CAL FIRE has
wildland fire protection
responsibilities with in the
district boundary. The
SYFPD has structure
protection responsibilities.

Figure PA9.1. Map of the South Yreka FPD Planning Area
514
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Wildland Fire Environment
Fortunately, the area under the South Yreka Fire Protection District boundary has been spared a large wildland fire event. However, wildfire analysis provided in this PA suggests that the area is still susceptible to an adverse event. Fuels and vegetation conditions are ripe for supporting a severe event if one were to become established.
56% of the PA is covered in grass, grass/shrub and/or shrub (Figure PA9.2, Fuel Models). These fuel types are subject to very rapid spread rates during hot, dry summer months, making this PA especially vulnerable as the fire season progresses through summer and into fall. Much of the Kilgore Hills and Cram Gulch areas fall within the vicinity of high burn probabilities in a wildfire ignition (Figures PA9.3 and PA9.4, Burn Probability). The proximity of these areas to zones of population requires great vigilance, as the fire season progress.

Early fire season fuel conditions and weather conditions present a scenario where only 14% of the modeled fire starts will become problematic. As the season progresses, over 67% of the modeled late fire season starts can become troublesome to suppress (Figures PA9.5 and PA9.6, Suppression Opportunity). The proximity of these areas to zones of population requires great vigilance, as the fire season progress.

Wind-driven wildfires are the most significant weather concern and are further discussed in the Fire Behavior section below.

Additional key risks of fire starts include the Old Highway 99 corridor, I-5 corridor, areas immediately to the west that are used for off-roading and other recreational pursuits, and lightning storms.
515
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Figure PA9.2. Fuel Models
Acres / % Acres of Primary Fuel Types – South Yreka FPD Acres % Acres
Grass 9,686 24.8%
Grass/Shrub 8,617 22.1%
Shrub 3,603 9.2%
Timber Litter 8,603 22.0%
Timber Understory 5,692 14.6%
Not Modeled 2,856 7.3%
Total 39,059 100%
516
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Analysis of Expected Fire Behavior
Wildfires respond to weather, fuels (vegetation), and topography. Wind - primarily due to downdrafts from lightning storms or strong prevailing winds - is the most critical weather factor influencing fire behavior. Fuels are typically lighter and fires can be more easily suppressed especially in the lower and mid-slope areas of this PA earlier in the fire season. As the fire season progresses, wildfires become more problematic as summer temperatures increase and fuel moistures decrease.

Figures PA9.3, PA9.4, PA9.5 and PA9.6 and their data tables are unique to this PA and were derived from flame length and rate of spread analyses and for two distinct (early and late) fire season situations (see Section 5 for a methodology overview and definitions).

The outcomes were considered for two distinct but equally important fire characteristics:

1. Burn Probability
Figures PA9.3 and PA9.4 illustrate Burn Probability, providing an assessment of what areas and which types of fuels are likely to burn provided an ignition. The darker red a shaded area is, the more likely it is to burn. This is important information to determine where hazardous fuel mitigation may need to be focused.

2. Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity
Figures PA9.5 and PA9.6 display the outputs from the Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity modeling. This map combines predicted fireline intensity (flame length) and the rate of fire spread data, providing a more detailed and comprehensive view of potential safety 517
193 | P a g e Y r e k a C W P P
concerns, problem fire hazard areas, and access issues. This tool can be useful to first responders to identify and address area-specific levels of suppression difficulty prior to an emergency. It can also be used by property owners to identify areas where actionable items can be targeted for home hardening/defensible space work and/or targeted hazardous fuels reduction work.

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Figure PA9.3. Burn Probability - Early Fire Season Figure PA9.4. Burn Probability - Late Fire Season Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Size Class in Acres Class A:
0 to .25
Class B:
.25 to 10
Class C:
10 t0 100
Class D: 100
to 300
Class E: 300
to 1K
Class F:
1K to 5K
Class G:
5K +plus Total
# of Fires / % Fires 2,945 / 93% 224 / 7% 3,169 / 100%
# of Fires / % Fires 2 / 0.0% 6 / 0.1% 37 / 0.7%% 1,374 / 27.8% 3,158 / 63.8% 369 / 7.5% 4,946 / 100% 520
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Figure PA9.5. Suppression Opportunity - Early Fire Season Figure PA9.6. Suppression Opportunity - Late Fire Season Note: The darker the color, the higher flame length/fire intensity.

Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Not Modeled Can Contain Likely to
Contain Might Contain Not Likely to Contain Cannot Contain Total # Acres / % Acres 2,856 / 7.3% 23,460 / 60.1% 4,709 / 12.1% 2,303 / 5.9% 3,332 / 8.5% 2,398 / 6.1% 39,059 / 100% No. of Structures 421 1,083 23 0 0 97 1,624
# Acres / % Acres 2,856 / 7.3% 6,132 / 15.7% 0 / 0% 3,605 / 9.2% 16,485 / 42.2% 9,980 / 25.6% 39,059 / 100% No. of Structures 421 407 0 160 539 97 1,624
521
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Outcomes/Results
The above analyses provided outputs that were further used to conduct a proximity analysis of structures within 180 feet of IASO map areas with extremely high resistance to control. The results of this work are found in Figures PA 9.7 and 9.8. These tools are for utilization by property owners and local agencies in continued dialogue about where work should be focused, with a goal of potentially accelerating hazard fuel reduction activities within the PA. An annual review of the following items is recommended: 1) local initiatives for fuel treatment, 2) annual actions to protect residential homes and neighborhoods by creating defensible space, and 3) changes such as fires or other actions that may have modified onsite fuels since the prior review.

1. Structures Potentially at Risk
Figure PA9.7 was developed by creating Zones of Concern that extend 300 feet beyond identified structures.
• Red Polygons: Areas within the red polygons are zones that are at greatest risk for the longest period of time during the fire season. Fire modeling indicated that these areas were in modeled “Not-Likely-to-Contain” and “Cannot Contain” areas. • Orange Polygons: These are areas identified that will become more at risk later in the summer and into the fall before the first rains.

Agencies, responsible parties and community members should identify priority areas for treatment and work outside their immediate defensible space.

2. Priority Areas/Roads for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation
Figure PA9.8 was developed by overlaying the Burn Probability analysis and Initial Attack Suppression Modeling outputs and suggests the following key priorities for treatments:

1. Roads/Infrastructure (areas detailed in Figure PA9.7)

2. Areas where structures are highlighted by red polygons

3. Antelope Communications Site

4. Kilgore Hills

5. Cram Gulch Road

6. There are areas of concern at the base of Highway 3 that need to be addressed.

These stand out as they are proximate to areas of high use by motorists exiting and using services Area 1-10 and 1-11 is an area with many homes and structures.

Highway 3 experiences high use.

7. The upper reaches of Walters Gulch Areas 1-13 and 1-14. 522
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Figure PA9.7. Structures Potentially at Risk and Primary Arterial Roads of Concern Structures Potentially at Risk
Late Season Only Early and Late Season
No. of Structures 575 688
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Figure PA9.8. Priority Areas for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation 524
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#1 = Access-ingress/egress are among the highest priority safety elements in a wildfire emergency.
✓ Roadbed width and adequate pullouts
✓ Roadside vegetation clearance
✓ Roadside power-pole and power line clearance
✓ Signing of existing residence(s) on side roads
✓ Clear marking of fire hydrant/water sources
Wildfire Protection Resources
The South Yreka Fire Protection District Volunteer Fire Department has responsibility for structure fires. The entire district is in State Responsibility Area; therefore, CAL FIRE has wildland fire protection responsibilities. The nearest CAL FIRE station is in Yreka. Hornbrook and Ft Jones CAL FIRE stations would respond in most cases. Yreka, Grenada, and Montague Fire Departments would respond under mutual aid agreements.

Primary concerns and challenges faced by protection forces Contact information for local fire protection services
State Resources (CAL FIRE)
▪ CAL FIRE Yreka Station
1809 Fairlane Rd, Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 842-4359
▪ CAL FIRE Hornbrook Station
14638 Bradley Henley Rd, Hornbrook, CA 96044 | (530) 475-3582 Local Community & Volunteer Resources
▪ Yreka Fire Department
401 W. Miner St, Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 841-2383
▪ South Yreka Fire Protection District
3420 Easy St. Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 842-1477
▪ Grenada Fire Protection District
6055 4th Ave, Grenada, CA 96038 | (530) 436-2200
▪ Montague Fire Department
121 South 10th St, Montague, CA 96064 | (530) 459-5343
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10. Threat Zone
General Overview/Description
The Threat Zone is a 1½ mile belt that surrounds the Yreka Area WUI. The purpose behind this zone is for assessing potential areas of concern outside the Yreka WUI that could present problems if they were to
burn toward the city. It is
zone of opportunity for
collaboration with partners
and cooperators.

It is about 48,338 acres in
size with 1,072 identified
structures, most of which
are concentrated on east
side of the band. There are
pockets of population east
of Phillipe Road, east of
Kilgore Hills Road and as
one moves south within the
Zone towards Grenada.

Figure PA10.1. Map of the Threat Zone Planning Area
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Wildland Fire Environment
The 2020 Badger fire occurred in the northern most portion of this PA. The Badger Fire burned 557 acres on Badger Mountain Road and Hawkinsville Humbug Road within sight of Yreka, prompting evacuation orders and warnings. The fire was caused by a vehicle. This zone also experienced the 64,000 acre 1955 Haystack fire that came up out of the Klamath River drainage towards the city of Yreka.
66% of the PA is covered in grass, grass/shrub and/or shrub (Figure PA10.2, Fuel Models).

These fuel types are subject to very rapid spread rates during hot, dry summer months, making this PA especially vulnerable as the fire season progresses through summer and into fall. The southwest corner and the eastern edge of the PA are in the vicinity of high burn probabilities in a wildfire ignition (Figures PA10.3 and PA10.4, Burn Probability). The proximity of these areas to zones of population requires great vigilance, as the fire season progress.

Early fire season fuel conditions and weather conditions present a scenario where over 20% of the modeled fire starts will become problematic. As the season progresses, 65% of the modeled late fire season starts can become troublesome to suppress (Figures PA10.5 and PA10.6, Suppression Opportunity). The proximity of these areas to zones of population requires great vigilance, as the fire season progress.

Wind-driven wildfires are the most significant weather concern and are further discussed in the Expected Fire Behavior section below. The primary concern for the north, west and south end of the Threat Zone is lightning starts as there are few access points for human interactions. 527
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Figure PA10.2. Fuel Models
Acres / % Acres of Primary Fuel Types – Threat Zone
Acres % Acres
Grass 14,091 29.2%
Grass/Shrub 10,241 21.2%
Shrub 7,741 16.0%
Timber Litter 6,557 13.6%
Timber Understory 6,061 9.9%
Not Modeled 4,936 10.2%
Total 48,338 100%
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Analysis of Expected Fire Behavior
Wildfires respond to weather, fuels (vegetation), and topography. Wind - primarily due to downdrafts from lightning storms or strong prevailing winds - is the most critical weather factor influencing fire behavior. Fuels are typically lighter and fires can be more easily suppressed especially in the lower and mid-slope areas of this PA earlier in the fire season. As the fire season progresses, wildfires become more problematic as summer temperatures increase and fuel moistures decrease.

Figures PA10.3, PA10.4, PA10.5 and PA10.6 and their data tables are unique to this PA and were derived from flame length and rate of spread analyses and for two distinct (early and late) fire season situations (see Section 5 for a methodology overview and definitions).

The outcomes were considered for two distinct but equally important fire characteristics:

1. Burn Probability
Figures PA10.3 and PA10.4 illustrate Burn Probability, providing an assessment of what areas and which types of fuels are likely to burn provided an ignition. The darker red a shaded area is, the more likely it is to burn. This is important information to determine where hazardous fuel mitigation may need to be focused.

One of the outputs from the Burn Probability modeling is the size of the modeled fires after two burning periods. This knowledge aids in understanding how fires want to burn and to what extent they might burn.
• Early Fire Season (60th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during early summer simulations was 26 acres. The average fire size was 8.5 acres.
• Late Fire Season (97th percentile weather)
The largest fire modeled during late summer burned 16,225 acres. The largest area burned within the PA was 7,485 acres. Average acres for the simulation 2,876 and average acres within the PA 1,135 acres burned.

2. Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity
Figures PA10.5 and PA10.6 display the outputs from the Initial Attack Suppression Opportunity modeling. This map combines predicted fireline intensity (flame length) and the rate of fire spread data, providing a more detailed and comprehensive view of potential 529
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safety concerns, problem fire hazard areas, and access issues. This tool can be useful to first responders to identify and address area-specific levels of suppression difficulty prior to an emergency. It can also be used by property owners to identify areas where actionable items can be targeted for home hardening/defensible space work and/or targeted hazardous fuels reduction work.

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Figure PA10.3. Burn Probability - Early Fire Season Figure PA10.4. Burn Probability - Late Fire Season Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Size Class in Acres Class A:
0 to .25
Class B:
.25 to 10
Class C:
10 t0 100
Class D: 100
to 300
Class E: 300
to 1K
Class F:
1K to 5K
Class G:
5K +plus Total
# of Fires / % Acres 3,369 / 85% 590 / 15% 3,959 / 100% # of Fires / % Fires 17 / 0.2% 22 / 0.3% 77 / 0.9%% 1,893/ 23.3% 4,900/ 60.2% 1,228 / 15.5% 8,137 / 100% 532
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Figure PA10.5. Suppression Opportunity - Early Fire Season Figure PA10.6. Suppression Opportunity - Late Fire Season Note: The darker the color, the higher flame length/fire intensity.

Number of Modeled Fires by Fire Size Class Early Fire Season Late Fire Season Not Modeled Can Contain Likely to
Contain Might Contain Not Likely to Contain Cannot Contain Total # Acres / % Acres 4,936 / 10.2% 28,502 / 59.0% 3,457 / 7.2% 1,130 / 2.3% 3,618 / 7.5% 6,696 / 13.9% 48,338 / 100% No. of Structures 496 508 0 0 1 67 1,072
# Acres / % Acres 4,936 / 10.2% 8,667 / 17.9% 0 / 0% 3,008/ 6.2% 17,942 / 37.1% 13,785 / 28.5% 48,338 / 100% No. of Structures 496 336 0 5 165 70 1,072
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Outcomes/Results
The above analyses provided outputs that were further used to conduct a proximity analysis of structures within 180 feet of IASO map areas with extremely high resistance to control. The results of this work are found in Figures PA 10.7 and 10.8. These tools are for utilization by property owners and local agencies in continued dialogue about where work should be focused, with a goal of potentially accelerating hazard fuel reduction activities within the PA. An annual review of the following items is recommended: 1) local initiatives for fuel treatment, 2) annual actions to protect residential homes and neighborhoods by creating defensible space, and 3) changes such as fires or other actions that may have modified onsite fuels since the prior review.

1. Structures Potentially at Risk
Figure PA10.7 was developed by creating Zones of Concern that extend 300 feet beyond identified structures.
• Red Polygons: Areas within the red polygons are zones that are at greatest risk for the longest period of time during the fire season. Fire modeling indicated that these areas were in modeled “Not-Likely-to-Contain” and “Cannot Contain” areas. • Orange Polygons: These are areas identified that will become more at risk later in the summer and into the fall before the first rains.

Agencies, responsible parties and community members should identify priority areas for treatment and work outside their immediate defensible space.

2. Priority Areas/Roads for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation
Figure PA10.8 was developed by overlaying the Burn Probability analysis and Initial Attack Suppression Modeling outputs and suggests the following key priorities for treatments:

1. Roads/Infrastructure (areas detailed in Figure PA10.7)

2. Areas where structures are highlighted by red polygons

3. Landscapes/Ridgetops: Humbug, Greenhorn.
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Figure PA10.7. Structures Potentially at Risk and Primary Arterial Roads of Concern Structures Potentially at Risk
Late Season Only Early and Late Season
No. of Structures 281 184
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Figure PA10.8. Priority Areas for Hazardous Fuels Mitigation 536
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#1 = Access-ingress/egress are among the highest priority safety elements in a wildfire emergency.
✓ Roadbed width and adequate pullouts
✓ Roadside vegetation clearance
✓ Roadside power-pole and power line clearance
✓ Signing of existing residence(s) on side roads
✓ Clear marking of fire hydrant/water sources
Wildfire Protection Resources
CAL FIRE has wildfire suppression responsibility for the area. The nearest CAL FIRE stations are in Yreka and Hornbrook. Yreka, South Yreka, Montague and Grenada Fire Departments would respond under mutual aid agreements.

Primary concerns and challenges faced by protection forces Contact information for local fire protection services
State Resources (CAL FIRE)
▪ CAL FIRE Yreka Station
1809 Fairlane Rd, Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 842-4359
▪ CAL FIRE Hornbrook Station
14638 Bradley Henley Rd, Hornbrook, CA 96044 | (530) 475-3582 Local Community & Volunteer Resources
▪ Yreka Fire Department
401 W. Miner St, Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 841-2383
▪ South Yreka Fire Protection District
3420 Easy St. Yreka, CA 96097 | (530) 842-1477
▪ Grenada Fire Protection District
6055 4th Ave, Grenada, CA 96038 | (530) 436-2200
▪ Montague Fire Department
121 South 10th St, Montague, CA 96064 | (530) 459-5343
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PART III. APPENDICES
Appendix A. Actionable Items Supplement
Appendix B. References
Appendix C. Glossary
Appendix D. Additional Wildfire Analysis Products
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Appendix A: Actionable Items Supplement
{Supplement to Section 6. Action Plan}
This appendix reinforces Section 6. by providing additional tools to organize and track Actionable Items to help Yreka PAs engage protection actions. An Actionable Items Tracking Template (Table A.1) is a tool that can be used for each PA to identify and track actions categorized into the three primary community protection emphasis areas noted below and can be modified to meet the objectives for an area. A Home Hardening Prioritization Checklist (Table A.2) is also included. An annual review is advised to adjust for potential funding opportunities and other community-based needs or requirements. A short summary of key items from Section 6 follows.

I. WILDFIRE AWARENESS AND EDUCATION [LIFE SAFETY]
➢ Awareness & Preparedness Educational Event
It is recommended to hold an annual wildfire preparedness event for the community with the goal of training and educating citizens on key actions to reduce the negative effects of a wildfire. This event could be scheduled on or around National Wildfire Community Preparedness Day which falls on the first Saturday in May. This event may be ‘allencompassing’ event (include all PA Citizens) and/or done for individual PAs. ➢ Pre-Emergency Family Protection Actions
Every homeowner should be prepared for wildfire emergencies. Taking the time to PLAN AHEAD – Can Save Lives
Five Safety Steps for wildfire or any other type disaster situation:

1. Get alerts to know what to do.

2. Make a plan to protect your people.

3. Get to safety with things you need.

4. Stay safe at home when you can’t leave.

5. Help friends and neighbors get ready.

II. HOME PREPAREDNESS [HOME IGNITABILITY]
➢ Home Hardening Actions
Homeowners need to take the responsibility for improving fire-safety measures at their home. There are simple things like cleaning your gutters or mowing dead grass to the more complex like changing out siding or installing a new roof. Included in this appendix is a guide that expands upon concepts introduced in Section 6 by providing detailed tools and actions to safeguard your home. Table A.1 provides a checklist and explanation of tasks that homeowners should undertake. Figure 30 in Section 6.2.2 displays structures at greatest risk. Initial steps in this assessment process are:
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1. Homeowners must assess their roofs, vents and vegetation adjacent to their structures.

2. Walk around of your property and determine what actions will better prepare your home.

3. Complete 30 foot and 100 foot clearing annually per PRC 4291. Use extra precautions to clear the first five feet from the structure clear of anything burnable. ➢ Defensible Space Actions
As noted and illustrated in Section 6.2.2, protecting a home from wildfire requires continual defensible space actions in THREE ZONES around the property. (These zones are also referred to as, Home Ignition Zones or HIZ’s.) Table A.1 below is a checklist that can be printed and used by property owners for each structure or infrastructure element under their ownership.
• ZONE 0 = THE EMBER-RESISTANT ZONE | 0–5 feet: The zone within 5 feet of your home has many different names (e.g., the noncombustible zone, the immediate zone, the zero zone), but the objective is generally the same—to reduce the vulnerability of the home to embers by creating a zone of ember-resistant materials around the home. Gravel, a concrete or brick walkway, or another hardscape feature is commonly used to construct this zone. Tis ember-resistant zone should include the area under and around any attached deck. Be sure to keep this zone clean of any woodpiles, wood mulch, or flammable vegetation.
• ZONE 1 = THE LEAN, CLEAN AND GREEN ZONE | 5–30 feet: The objective of this zone is to reduce the risk of fire spreading from surrounding vegetation to the home. Lean indicates that there is only a small amount of vegetation, if any, present.

Vegetation should be grouped in discontinuous islands. Clean indicates that vegetative debris and dead materials are routinely removed. Green indicates that vegetation within this zone is kept green and well irrigated (if appropriate) during the fire season. • ZONE 2 = THE REDUCED FUEL ZONE | 30–100 feet: The objective of this zone is to reduce fire spread and restrict fire movement into the crowns of trees or shrubs.

Remove dead plant material, lower tree branches and other ladder fuels (e.g., shrubs, lower branches, smaller trees). Locate outbuildings (e.g., for storage) at least 30 feet away from the home and create an ember-resistant zone around all outbuildings and propane tanks.

III. PRIORITY FUEL TREATMENTS [HAZARDOUS FUELS TREATMENT] ➢ Major Access Routes – Highest Priority
Primary roads identified as potential ingress and egress during evacuation or emergency response; should be top priority for fuels treatment. Safe access is crucial for first responders and citizens.
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• The tracking table (A.1) will assist each PA in identifying and tracking the fuel treatments; roadside and treatment units.
• Treatment Prescription details are in Section 6.
➢ Community Identified PA Priorities – Fuel Treatment Units Table A.1 displays priority fuels treatment areas that have hazardous fuels profiles that will be difficult to suppress throughout the fire season. These are the areas of first concerns. It also includes areas that have the highest likelihood of burning as determined through the Burn Probability analysis.
• Planning Area collaboration amongst citizens, interagency resources, and local nonprofits that provide assistance in natural resource management will provide input to identify and prioritize types of treatments utilizing wildfire analysis tools provided in this plan.
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Table A.2. Priority Areas for Hazardous Fuels Reduction Treatment (These treatments could be either across the landscape or isolated through the development of Fuel Breaks) Actionable Items: __________________ Planning Area
Priority Elements Number Action Responsible
Official
Target
Date Status
A. Wildfire Awareness-Education
A challenge for all communities is how to
generate interest and maximize awareness of
the wildfire threat and encourage participation
in preparing for a wildfire at an individual and
community level. Public education is critical to
community preparedness and citizens need to
know.

A-1 EARLY MAY:

Provide community and/or
homeowner/neighborhood training
classes on wildfire awareness &
preparedness
Fire Department, CAL
FIRE, County Fire
Chiefs Assoc. & FSC
We will work with the City and area
citizens to determine the responsible
official and target dates. This form
can be used to do annual tracking of
accomplishments.

A-2 Create online You Tube videos to
educate residents on defensible
space, fire safe landscaping, home
hardening, evacuation, and wildfire
preparedness. Utilize local residents
and homeowner associations to
develop content and provide local
faces.

Fire Department, CAL
FIRE, County Fire
Chiefs Assoc. & FSC
A-3 Make widely available programs
that bridge language barriers as well
as help vulnerable populations; (ie)
LISTOS
Fire Department, CAL
FIRE, County Fire
Chiefs Assoc. & FSC
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B. Home Hardening Preparedness
Structures within the WUI Fire Areas built prior
to 2008 WUI building construction standards are
vulnerable to loss from wildfire. The cost of
retrofitting existing structures with wildfire
safety improvements can be significant, but
retrofitting structures combined with adequate
defensible space will make a difference in
whether a structure survives a wildfire.

B-1 Work with City Building officials,
County Fire Departments, CALFIRE
to develop and adopt building
standards that will increase
structure resiliency.

Fire Department, CAL
FIRE, FSC help
B-2 Seek grant funding opportunities
that may be available to propertyowners to help retrofit existing nonconforming structures to current WUI building construction
standards.

B-3 Develop a voluntary home or
community inspection program to
provide property-owners with
specific information on how they
can address the specific structure
hardening needs of their homes.

C. Improve Defensible Space
Defensible Space, Home Ignition Zone concepts
are the key to Reducing Structure Ignitability. All
homes need to comply with California Public
Resource Code (PRC) 4291/Defensible Space
guidelines at a minimum. When applied to the
community these will increase structure
survivability.

Work to implement a fire safe landscaping
review process for new and existing
developments.

C-1 Within designated Wildland Urban
Interface adopt and enforce
California PRC 4291 requirements
for defensible space. Develop an
inspection program that focuses on
property-owner education
Fire Department, CAL
FIRE, FSC help
C-2 Work with CAL FIRE to develop a
program or process to improve
enforcement of defensible space
requirements on SRA lands
surrounding the City’s WUI Fire
Area.

Fire Department, CAL

FIRE, FSC
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D. Hazardous Fuel Treatments:

Ingress-Egress Routes
Fuel treatments adjacent to roads can reduce
fire behavior along important travel routes.

Utilize evacuation route fuel treatment
prescriptive guidelines to treat the following
priority roads:
• A (Specific Road Names)
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
D-1 Identify parcel-owners along
primary evacuation routes and
establish agreements with
landowners to perform fuel
reduction
Fire Department –
GIS helper
Ongoing
D-2 Identify a Project Leader for working
with homeowners in the area
Neighborhood or
Community
members
D-3 Work with FSC/NCRC/Local FD to
seek funding
Project Ldr & Local
Fire Dept
D-4 Establish equipment needed and
schedule out rental or contract use
for implementation and timing
E. Hazardous Fuel Treatments:

Fuel Treatment Units
E-1 Identify & prioritize areas based on
the highest hazard areas per map
tools (in each PA)
Fire Department
and/or YAFSC
E-2 Work with Fire Agency personnel
for advice on treatment design
standards
Fire Department
and/or YAFSC
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Table A.2. Home Hardening Prioritization Checklist
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Appendix B: References
Andrews, P. L.; Bevins, C. D.; Seli, R. C. 2008. BehavePlus fire modeling system, version 4.0:

User's Guide. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-106WWW Revised. Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.

Andrews, P.L.; Rothermel, R. C. 1982. Charts for Interpreting Wildland Fire Behavior Characteristics. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-131. Ogden UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.

Bradshaw, L.; McCormick, E. 2000. FireFamily Plus, Version 4.1. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR67WWW. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.

Bureau of Land Management, The Diggings, 2021. Yreka, California, Mining Claims and Mines < https://thediggings.com/places/ca0932412324 >
Butler, B. 2014. Preliminary Firefighter Safety Zone Guidelines. < http://1.usa.gov/1HKfhJ5 >; (2017)
California Natural Diversity Database, 2017 < www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cnddb > California Office of Emergency Services, 1950. California disaster and civil defense master mutual aid agreement. < http://bit.ly/1WUgnZz >
California Office of Emergency Services, 2020-2024. California Fire Assistance Agreement, <http://www.oesnews.com/california-fire-assistance-agreement-cfaa/> Chodash, S. (Updated: November 16, 2018). See How Much of California has Burned in the Last Five Years. Popular Science: New York City, NY. <https://www.popsci.com/california-five-yearwildfire?dom=rss-default&src=syn> Cohen, J. D., 2000. Preventing disaster: home ignitability in the wildland-urban interface.

Journal of Forestry 98 (3): pp 15-21.

Cohen, Jack and Dave Strohmaier; Community destruction during extreme wildfires is a home ignition problem, Wildland Fire Today, September 2020
County of Siskiyou California, Commissions & Committees; Siskiyou County Tree Mortality Task Force, April 2017. <https://www.co.siskiyou.ca.us/page/siskiyou-county-tree-mortality-taskforce> County of Siskiyou California, Office of Emergency Services, 2018. Hazard Mitigation Plan. <https://co.siskiyou.ca.us/content/oes-hazard-mitigation-plan> County of Siskiyou California, Public Health Services (PHS); Public Health Emergency Response/Preparedness Resource Center. 2018. < https://www.co.siskiyou.ca.us/content/phsemergency-response-preparedness-services> Diaz, John M. 2012. Economic impacts of wildfire. SFE Fact Sheet 2012-7. Joint Fire Science Program, Southern Fire Exchange. 3 p.
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Federal Register. National Archives and Records Administration. Urban Wildland Interface Communities within the Vicinity of Federal Lands That Are at High Risk from Wildfire; Notice of proposed rulemaking, 66 Federal Register 160, (August 2001) Fennessey, Brian. 2014. Open Spaces in the WUI. Fire Rescue Magazine, <https://www.firerescuemagazine.com/articles/print/volume-9/issue-2/wildland-urbaninterface/open-spaces-in-the-wui.html> Finney, Mark A. 2006. An Overview of FlamMap Fire Modeling Capabilities. In: Andrews, Patricia L.; Butler, Bret W., comps. 2006. Fuels Management-How to Measure Success: Conference Proceedings. 28-30 March 2006; Portland, OR. Proceedings RMRS-P-41. Fort Collins, CO: U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.

Google Earth (Version 7.3.0) [Software]. Mountain View, CA: Google Inc. (2009). <https://www.google.com/earth/desktop/>; (February 2021) Kramer, A.K., M H Mockrin, P.M. Alexandre, and V.V> Radeloff; High wildfire damage in interface communities in California, International Journal of WIldlandfre, 2019 28, 641 to 650. CSIRO Publishing
LANDFIRE: LANDFIRE lcp data distribution, 2012. U.S. Department of Interior, Geological Survey. <http://landfire.cr.usgs.gov>. (October, 2017)
National Aeronautic And Space Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Dec 2020.

GISS Surface Temperature Analysis <https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/> National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The basics of defensible space and the “home ignition zone”. < http://bit.ly/1KOgXaf >; (2018)
National Interagency Coordination Center; Retrieved from <www.predictiveservices.nifc.gov/intelligence/intelligence.htm>; (2018) National Interagency Coordination Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres, (2019) https://www.nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html National Interagency Fire Center, Wildland Fire Management Research, Development & Application, 2021. Wildland Fire Decision Support System. <https://wfdss.usgs.gov/wfdss/WFDSS_About.shtml>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Fire Weather Zones, Tools, Fuels, (2018) https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/fire2/?wfo=mfr
National Wildfire Coordinating Group, https://www.nwcg.gov/term/glossary/size-class-of-fire PBS, Public Broadcast Service, KQED, 2020, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/californiascatastrophic-wildfires-in-3-charts Rothermel, Richard C., How to Predict the Spread and Intensity of Forest and Range Fires USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, GTR INT-143, June 1983 Scott, J. H.; Burgan, R. E. 2005. Standard fire behavior fuel models: a comprehensive set for use with Rothermel's surface fire spread model. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-153. Fort Collins, 551
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CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr153.pdf
Siskiyou Daily News, March 14, 2020. “Vulnerable Populations – Homelessness article Siskiyou Daily News” <https://www.siskiyoudaily.com/news/20200314/i-5-corridor-holds-most-ofsiskiyous-homeless-population> Skinner, C., Taylor, A. Agee, J., Briles, C., Whitlock, K. 2018. Ch. 11 Klamath Mountains Bioregion (pp. 171-195); Skinner, Taylor, 2018. Ch. 12 Southern Cascades Bioregion (pp. 195-210); Reigel, R., Miller, R., Skinner, Smith, S., Farris, C., Merriam, K., 2018 Ch 13 Northeastern Plateau Bioregion (pp. 219-249). Van Wagtendonk, J. W., Sugihara, N. G., Scott L. S., Thode, E.T., Shaffer, K. E., Fites-Kaufman, J. (Eds.) 2018. Fire In California/s Ecosystems (2nd Ed), Oakland, CA: University of California Press
St. John, P., Serena,J., Lin II, Dec. 30, 2018. “Here's how Paradise ignored warnings and became a deathtrap”. Los Angeles Times. <https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-mecamp-fire-deathtrap-20181230-story.html> State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE). 2018. Strategic Fire Plan for California.

State of California, CAL FIRE, Accessed May 2018 - Jan 2019. Fire and Resource Assessment Program (FRAP) (FRAP). <http://frap.fire.ca.gov>.

State of California, CAL FIRE, 2010. Evacuation Tips
<https://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/Evacuation.pdf> State of California, CAL FIRE Ready For Wildfire, 2019. < https://www.readyforwildfire.org/ > State of California, CAL FIRE Grant Program, 2021. < https://www.fire.ca.gov/grants/ > State of California, Office of the State Fire Marshall, CAL FIRE FRAP, Communities At Risk List.

First published 2001.
<http://osfm.fire.ca.gov/fireplan/fireplanning_communities_at_risk?filter_field=county_name&fil ter_text=siskiyou)>
Tahoe Fire and Fuels Team, https://www.tahoelivingwithfire.com/about/ University of California Cooperative Extension, California Forest Stewardship Program, Forest Land Steward, Community Resilience, Winter 2021
U.S. Census Bureau; Using American FactFinder; <http://factfinder2.census.gov>; (2020) U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station. 2018. When the Well Runs Dry. U.S.

Dept. of Agriculture,
<https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/topics/tree_mortality/california/documents/BarkBeetles.pdf.> U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station. 1982. Production Rates for Cres Using Hands Tools on Firelines. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, General Technical Report PSW-62 U.S.D.A. Forest Service; Wildland Fire decisions Support System; https://wfdss.usgs.gov/wfdss/WFDSS_About.shtml
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USDA Forest Service; Fire Spread Probability, https://wfdss.usgs.gov/wfdss/pdfs/FSPro.pdf USDA Forest Service; National Fuel Moisture Database; Greenhorn, Yreka site:
<www.wfas.net/index.php/national-fuel-moisture-database-moisture-drought-103>; (2021) USDA Forest Service, ‘A Comprehensive Guide to Fuel Treatment Management Practices for Dry Mixed Conifer Forests in the Northwestern United States’ April 2014. Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS-RN-63) < https://www.fs.fed.us/projects/hfi/field-guide/web/page03.php> 553
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Appendix C. Glossary
The glossary defines terms or words found in or relating to this plan. For additional terms an online resource is available at the National Wildfire Coordinating Group website.

Aspect Cardinal direction toward which a slope faces.

Assessment 1) A fire weather fire danger product based on a thorough evaluation of all pertinent sources of meteorological, fire danger and resource information. 2) The evaluation and interpretation of measurements, intelligence, and other information to provide a basis for decisionmaking.

Atmospheric
Stability
According to the American Meteorological Society, (also called static stability), the ability of the atmosphere at rest to become turbulent or laminar (statically stable) due to the effects of buoyancy.

Canopy Spacing The distance from the edge of one tree canopy to another. Crown spacing varies from open (with 10 feet or more of space between tree canopies) to closed (where trees may be growing in very close proximity with little space between them).

Climate The prevalent or characteristic meteorological conditions of any place or region, and their extremes.

Crown Fire A fire that advances from top to top of trees or shrubs more or less independent of a surface fire. Crown fires are sometimes classed as running or dependent to distinguish the degree of independence from the surface fire.

Dead Fuels Fuels with no living tissue in which moisture content is governed almost entirely by atmospheric moisture (relative humidity and precipitation), dry-bulb temperature, and solar radiation.

Direct Attack A method of fire suppression where actions are taken directly along the fire’s edge. In a direct attack, burning fuel is treated directly, by wetting, smothering, or chemically quenching the fire or by physically separating burning from unburned fuel.

Drought A period of relatively long duration with substantially below-normal precipitation, usually occurring over a large area.

Fire Behavior The manner in which a fire reacts to the influences of fuel, weather, and topography.

Firebrand Any source of heat, natural or human made, capable of igniting wildland fuels. Flaming or glowing fuel particles that can be carried naturally by wind, convection currents, or by gravity into unburned fuels.

Fire Environment The surrounding conditions, influences, and modifying forces of topography, fuel, and weather that determine fire behavior.

Fire Frequency Temporal fire occurrence described as a number of fires occurring within a defined area within a given time period.

Fire Hazard A fuel complex, defined by volume, type condition, arrangement, and location, that determines the degree of ease of ignition and of resistance to control.

Fire Intensity A general term relating to the heat energy released by a fire. 554
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Fire Potential The likelihood of a wildland fire event measured in terms of anticipated occurrence of fire(s) and management’s capability to respond. Fire potential is influenced by a sum of factors that includes fuel conditions (fuel dryness and/or other inputs), ignition triggers, significant weather triggers, and resource capability.

Fire Regime The characterization of fire’s role in a particular ecosystem, usually characteristic of particular vegetation and climatic regime, and typically a combination of fire return interval and fire intensity (i.e., high frequency, low intensity/low frequency, high intensity).

Fire Return
Interval
The length of time between fires on a particular area of land Fire Severity Degree to which a site has been altered or disrupted by fire; loosely, a product of fire intensity and residence time.

Fire Suppression All work and activities connected with control and fire-extinguishing operations, beginning with discovery and continuing until the fire is completely extinguished.

Fire Weather Weather conditions that influence fire ignition, behavior, and suppression.

Flame Length The distance from the base to the tip of the flaming front. Flame length is directly correlated with fire intensity.

Flaming Front The zone of a moving fire where combustion is primarily flaming.

Behind this flaming zone combustion is primarily glowing. Light fuels typically have a shallow flaming front, whereas heavy fuels have a deeper front.

Foehn Wind A warm, dry and strong general wind that flows down into the valleys when stable, high pressure air is forced across and then down the lee slopes of a mountain range. The descending air is warmed and dried due to adiabatic compression producing critical fire weather conditions.

Locally called by various names such as North winds, Mono winds, etc.

Fuel Any combustible material, which includes but is not limited to living or dead vegetation, human-built structures, and chemicals that will ignite and burn.

Fuelbed An array of fuels usually constructed with specific loading, depth, and particle size to meet experimental requirements; also, commonly used to describe the fuel composition.

Fuel Break A natural or manmade change in fuel characteristics which affects fire behavior so that fires burning into them can be more readily controlled.

Fuel
Characteristics
Factors that make up fuels such as compactness, loading, horizontal continuity, vertical arrangement, chemical content, size and shape, and moisture content.

Fuel Continuity The degree or extent of continuous or uninterrupted distribution of fuel particles in a fuel bed thus affecting a fire's ability to sustain combustion and spread. This applies to aerial fuels as well as surface fuels.

Fuel Loading The amount of fuel present expressed quantitatively in terms of weight of fuel per unit area.

Fuel Model Mathematical descriptions of fuel properties (e.g., fuel load and fuel depth) that are used as inputs to calculations of fire danger indices and fire behavior potential.
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Fuel Moisture
Content
The quantity of moisture in fuels expressed as a percentage of the weight when thoroughly dried at 212 degrees Fahrenheit.

Fuel Rank Live and dead vegetative fuels ranked for their capacity to support high-intensity fire (source: California's Forests and Rangelands: 2017 ASSESSMENT (Chapter 4: Wildfire))
Fuel Type An identifiable association of fuel elements of a distinctive plant species, form, size, arrangement, or other characteristics that will cause a predictable rate of fire spread or difficulty of control under specified weather conditions.

Fuel Reduction Manipulation, including combustion, or removal of fuels to reduce the likelihood of ignition and/or to lessen potential damage and resistance to control.

Front In meteorology, the boundary between two air masses of differing atmospheric properties.

Goals A goal is a broad statement of what you wish to accomplish, an indication of program intentions.

Ground Fire Fire that consumes the organic material beneath the surface litter ground, such as a peat fire.

Home Ignition
Zone (HIZ)
The area where the factors that principally determine home ignition potential during extreme wildfire behavior are present. The characteristics of a home and its immediate surroundings within 100 feet comprise the HIZ.

Initial Attack
(IA)
An aggressive action to put the fire out by the first resources to arrive, consistent with firefighter and public safety and values to be protected.

Intensity The level of heat radiated from the active flaming front of a fire, measured in British thermal units (BTUs) per foot.

Ladder Fuels Fuels that provide vertical continuity between strata, thereby allowing fire to carry from surface fuels into the crowns of trees or shrubs with relative ease. Ladder fuels help initiate and ensure the continuation of crowning.

Live Fuels Living plants, such as trees, grasses, and shrubs, in which the seasonal moisture content cycle is controlled largely by internal physiological mechanisms, rather than by external weather influences.

Mid-flame
Windspeed
The speed of the wind measured at the midpoint of the flames, considered to be most representative of the speed of the wind that is affecting fire behavior.

Mitigation Modifying the environment or human behavior to reduce potential adverse impacts of from a natural hazard.

Objectives They contribute to the fulfillment of specified goals and are measurable, defined, and specific.

Passive Crown
Fire
Also called torching or candling. A fire in the crowns of trees in which single trees or groups of trees torch, ignited by the passing front of the fire.

Pressure
Gradient
The difference in atmospheric pressure between two points on a weather map. Wind speed is directly related to pressure gradient. If distance between constant pressure lines is reduced by one-half, wind speed will be doubled.

Prescribed Fire A wildland fire originating from a planned ignition in accordance with applicable laws, policies, and regulations to meet specific objectives. 556
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Red Flag
Warning
Term used by fire weather forecasters to alert forecast users to an ongoing or imminent critical fire weather pattern.

Riparian Situated or taking place along or near the bank of a watercourse.

Safety Zone A preplanned area of sufficient size and suitable location in the wildland expected to prevent injury to fire personnel without using fire shelters.

Shrub A woody perennial plant differing from a perennial herb by its persistent and woody stem; and from a tree by its low stature and habit of branching from the base.

Slash Debris resulting from such natural events as wind, fire, or snow breakage; or such human activities as road construction, logging, pruning, thinning, or brush cutting.

Spotting Refers to the behavior of a fire producing sparks or embers that are carried by the wind and start new fires beyond the zone of direct ignition by the main fire.

Strategy The general plan or direction selected to accomplish incident objectives.

Surface Fire Fire that burns loose debris on the surface, which includes dead branches, leaves, and low vegetation.

Surface Fuels Fuels lying on or near the surface of the ground, consisting of leaf and needle litter, dead branch material, downed logs, bark, tree cones, and low stature living plants.

Structure A constructed object, usually a free-standing building above ground.

Temporary
Refuge Area
(TRA)
A preplanned area where firefighters can immediately take refuge for temporary shelter and short-term relief without using a fire shelter in the event that emergency egress to an established Safety Zone is compromised. Examples: lee side of structure, inside of structure, large lawn or parking area, cab of apparatus. (Firescope, 2013) Topography Referred to as “terrain.” The term also refers to parameters of the “lay of the land” that influence fire behavior and spread. Key elements are slope (in percent), aspect (the direction a slope faces), elevation, and specific terrain features such as canyons, saddles, “chimneys,” and chutes.

Understory Term for the area of a forest which grows at the lowest height level below the forest canopy. Plants in the understory consist of a mixture of seedlings and saplings of canopy trees together with understory shrubs and herbs.

Values at Risk The elements of a community or natural area considered valuable by an individual or community that could be negatively impacted by a wildfire or wildfire operations.

Vertical Fuel
Arrangement
Fuels above ground and their vertical continuity, which influences fire reaching various levels or vegetation strata.

Wildland Fire
Environment
The surrounding conditions, influences, and modifying forces of fuels, topography, and weather that determine wildfire behavior.

Wildland Urban
Interface (WUI)
The line, area, or zone where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels.

Describes an area within or adjacent to private and public property where mitigation actions can prevent damage or loss from wildfire. 557
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Appendix D. Additional Wildfire Analysis Products
The multi-step wildfire modeling work in this CWPP produced an extensive array of maps and tables to assist every neighborhood across Yreka Area for the purpose of identifying and prioritizing wildfire protection and mitigation actions. Section 5 of the plan displays modeling results in maps for each step of the analysis. Appendix 6 displays the priority projects for consideration during the near horizon of the CWPP. Each Planning Area write-up in Part 2 has Planning Area specific maps of the primary projects.

This Appendix contains additional model outcome map products which supplement those in the plan, providing further detail or further geographical area. The polygons displayed below represent areas highlighted during the analysis of priority areas to work yet did not surface as number 1. These projects are ALL important but strategical the focus was to treat those areas at greatest risk in the near term.

Figure D.1 displays the remainder of the roads identified through the prioritization process. The identified road segments are impacted by areas modeled to be moderately difficult to suppress through those areas that would be impossible to suppress.

Figure D.2 identifies the remainder of the landscapes that are primarily problematic during the latter part of the fire season only.
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Figure D.1. Second Order Priority Roads
Note: Access roads identified that traverse an area that was modeled as mostly difficult to suppress in fire modeling analysis.
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Figure D.2. Second Order Actionable Items
Note: Areas that displayed suppression difficulty during late fire season only. These are areas that could be considered once the primary areas have actions to mitigate the hazardous fuels. 560
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Community Resilience Engagement
Who:

A small collaborative of local practitioners based in northern California, extensively versed in wildland fire/fuels management, forestry practices and technology.

What:

Engage citizens and interagency cooperators in wildland urban interface communities.

Provide resources and tools to guide adaptive strategy and actions that will progressively increase neighborhood resilience in a wildfire environment.

Where:

Communities of California facing the 21
st Century reality of increasing wildfire severity
When:

Now more than ever. The 2017-2018 wildfire seasons in CA have clearly reinforced the fact that for our communities, the question of facing wildfire is not if but when.

Why:

As individuals, each of us in Proactive Wildland Resources has been affected by wildfire events recently or for some of us over the course of a lifetime career. Our common thread is the desire and will to move community conditions on a course that enables survival when they face the next wildfire.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Yreka Area Community Wildfire Protection Plan | Project Team Members Jay Perkins: Wildland Fire Analysis
Julie Thrupp Titus: Wildland Fire/Fuels
Kelvin Clark: GIS Specialist
Sue Constantinides: Editor
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1 2 [URGENCY] ORDINANCE NO. 871
3 4 AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
5 YREKA, CALIFORNIA ADDING YREKA MUNICIPAL CODE
6 CHAPTER 9.45 “USE OF THE PUBLIC RIGHTS OF WAY
7 AND PROTECTION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN, BUS STOPS,
8 CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND WILDFIRE RISK
9 AREAS” AND FINDING THE ORDINANCE EXEMPT FROM
10 CEQA
11 12 WHEREAS, it is the obligation of the City to keep its public rights 13 of way clean and available for public use, and to protect the public health, 14 safety and welfare and access by City constituents and personnel; and 15 16 WHEREAS, a principal threat to the public health, safety, and 17 welfare is the potential destruction of, damage to, or interference with the 18 public right-of-way that is critical to the provision of public services such 19 as law enforcement, fire prevention, educational services, transportation 20 and utilities; and
21 22 WHEREAS, increased obstruction of public property obscures 23 adverse and illegal activity from public view, contributes substantially to 24 the accumulation of litter, clutter and visual blight, can interfere with 25 pedestrian circulation, can obstruct or interfere with the lawful use of 26 public spaces by the general public for their intended recreational uses, and 27 inhibit the effective regulation and enforcement against illegal activities; 28 and
29 30 WHEREAS, the City desires to establish its ability to prevent 31 individuals from camping or blocking the public right-of-way at particular 32 times and locations in order to reduce the risk of interference with the 33 provision of servicesand to comply with the Americans with Disabilities 34 Act of 1990; and
35 570
2 36 WHEREAS, youth are particularly endangered by persons camping 37 or blocking the public right-of-way, which can interfere with youth’s 38 ability to use the public right-of-way and increases the risk of vehicular 39 accident by forcing youths onto the street/highway; and 40 41 WHEREAS, the City desires to protect minor children from these 42 potentially deleterious effects and allow for the safe passage of youths to 43 and from school; and
44 45 WHEREAS, the City has invested significant public resources in the 46 development and maintenance of bus stops,including benches, and the City 47 desires to deter the misuse of bus stops, which discourages and impedes 48 others from using public transit; and
49 50 WHEREAS, the U.S Department of Homeland Security has 51 issued guidance finding that local officials, in working to protect their 52 community’s public health and safety, economic and national security 53 should identify and protect its critical infrastructure from destruction, 54 damage, and interference, thereby serving to ensure the continuity of 55 functions of its critical infrastructure. Damage to critical 56 infrastructure is often caused by persons whose activities are not 57 permitted or authorized in, on, or near critical infrastructure; and 58 59 WHEREAS, wildfires are often caused by persons whose activities 60 are not permitted or authorized in, on, or near wildfire risk areas; and 61 62 WHEREAS, the City must appropriately consider competing 63 interests and formulate policy to best protect public health, safety, welfare, 64 property, and the environment, with limited resources; and 65 66 WHEREAS, it isthe purpose and intent of the City Council to provide 67 standards for outdoor living which are intended to be as compatible as 68 possible with the protection and preservation of health, safety, and welfare 69 of the inhabitants of the City; and
70 71 WHEREAS, the City desires to continue to work toward the 72 offering of specialized services, and outreach programs to those who 73 appear in need, or to those request service assistance; and 571
3 74
75 WHEREAS, the City desires to adopt an ordinance to establish its 76 ability to prevent individuals from camping, sleeping or blocking the 77 public right-of-way at particular times and locations at or near youth78 serving facilities, bus stops, critical infrastructure, and wildfire risk areas; 79 and
80 81 WHEREAS, the elimination of human waste from the body is an 82 unavoidable consequence of being human. However, its deposit within the 83 city’s watershed can impair the city’s certain water sources and is not 84 consistent with the public’s human right to have clean and drinkable water 85 supplies and uncontaminated raw water storage; and
86 87 WHEREAS, State of California is in its third year of extreme and 88 expanding drought conditions. On March 28, 2022, the Governor of the State 89 of California, in Executive Order N-7-22 continued the drought emergency 90 that was previously declared on April 12, 2021, May 10, 2021, July 8, 2021 91 and October 19, 2021 across all counties in California. The summer of 2021 92 was the hottest on record and many disastrous fires occurred in very near 93 localities. Although we are in drought conditions due to the inadequate snow 94 pact in the mountains, there has been a very wet spring resulting in high grass 95 and underbrush that make Yreka very susceptible to wildfire conditions. 96 Homeless encampments and the cooking fires associated with them have been 97 responsible for some of those wildfires. For the immediate preservation of 98 public peace, health or safety this ordinance is being adopted as an urgency 99 ordinance of immediate effect.
100
101 NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
102 YREKA DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
103
104 SECTION 1. The City Council finds that all the facts, findings, 105 and conclusions set forth above in this Ordinance are true and correct. 106
107 SECTION 2. The City Council hereby adds Chapter 9.45 to Title 9 108 of the Yreka Municipal Code as follows:
109
110
572
4 111 “9.45 – Protection of Schoolchildren, Bus Stops, Critical Infrastructure 112 and Wildfire Risk Areas
113
114 9.45.010 – Definition of Specialized Terms and Phrases. 115
116 “Bus stop” means any place where the City, County, other 117 governmental entity or transit operator, has directed the placement of 118 a sign designating a location where shuttle, trolley, bus service, or 119 other form of public transit stop to service and transport passengers. 120
121 “Bus stop area” means the area at a bus stop occupying the entire 122 width of the sidewalks that extends 20 feet before a bus stop sign or 123 bus stop route sign, or, for bus stops furnished with shelter or 124 shelters, the footprint of the shelters, and the entire width of the 125 sidewalk that extends 10 feet before and 10 feet after the footprint of 126 the shelter. The footprint of a shelter is defined by vertical plans, 127 perpendicular to the ground, extending down from the outermost 128 edges of the shelter overhang or roof.
129
130 “Camping” means to pitch or occupy camp facilities, to live 131 temporarily or occupy a portion of property for living 132 accommodation purposes, as exemplified by remaining for 133 prolonged or repetitious periods of time with one’s personal 134 possessions (including, but not limited to, clothing, sleeping bags, 135 bed rolls, blankets, sheets, luggage, backpacks, kitchen utensils, 136 cookware, and similar materials) sleeping or making preparations to 137 sleep, storing personal belongings as above defined, or regularly 138 igniting fires for food or beverage preparation or for warming. 139
140 “Critical Infrastructure” means any real property or facility, whether 141 privately or publicly owned, as designated by the City Council from 142 time to time by resolution, that the City Council determines, in its 143 discretion, is so vital and integral to the operation or functioning of 144 the city that its damage, incapacity, disruption, or destruction would 145 have a debilitating impact on the public health, safety, or welfare. 146 Critical infrastructure may include, but is not limited to, government 147 buildings, such as schools, fire stations, police stations, jails, or 148 courthouses; hospitals; structures, such as antennas, bridges, roads, 573
5 149 train tracks, drainage systems, or levees; or systems, such as 150 computer networks, public utilities, electrical wires, natural gas 151 pipes, telecommunication centers, or water sources. 152
153 “School Route” shall mean any public road that is significantly used 154 for transportation to and from any public or private school. The City 155 shall adopt a resolution and make publicly available a map of all 156 designated school routes.
157 “Store” means to put aside or accumulate for use when needed, to 158 put for safekeeping, to place or leave in a location. 159
160 “Wildfire risk area” hasthe same meaning asin California Code of 161 Regulations, title 24, part 9, section 202.
162
163 “Youth-serving facility” means child day care facilities, preschools, 164 public or private primary or secondary schools, Public Libraries, and 165 City playgrounds and parks.
166
167 9.45.020 – Prohibition on Camping in Public Right-of-way. 168
169 A. No person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep or store their belongings in or 170 upon any public street/highway, green belt, median island, alley, 171 sidewalk, crosswalk or other public place or way open for pedestrian 172 or vehicular travel or appurtenant thereto:
173
174 (1) in such a manner that impedes passage, as provided by the 175 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Pub. L, No. 101-336, 104 176 Stat. 328 (1990), as amended from time to time; or
177
178 (2) in a manner that obstructs or unreasonably interferes with 179 the use of the right-of-way; or
180
181 (3) in a manner that obstructs any portion of any street, 182 highway or other public right-of-way open to use by motor vehicles, 183 or any portion of a bike lane, bike path, or other public right-of-way 184 open to use by bicycles or pedestrians, by sitting, lying, or sleeping, 185 or by storing, using, maintaining, or placing personal property, 574
6 186 anywhere within the street, bike lane, bike path, or other public right187 of-way; or 188
189 (4) in a manner that blocks or impedes access to City-owned or 190 leased equipment or buildings, or impedes City staff from 191 performance of inspection, maintenance, or repairs of City-owned 192 property; or those portions of a right-of-way that are required by 193 local, state, or federal law to be free of obstruction for first 194 responders, including but not limited to members of law 195 enforcement, fire agencies, or emergency-medical-services agencies. 196
197 B. The provisions of this section do not prohibit a person from sitting 198 upon a public highway/street, green belt, median island, alley, 199 sidewalk, crosswalk, or other public place if:
200 1. Temporarily necessitated by any disability of such person; 201 2. Such person is viewing a legally conducted parade or 202 similar permitted temporary event; or
203 3. Such person is seated for less than one hour on a bench 204 lawfully installed for such purpose; or
205 4. Such person is engaged in expressive activity.
206
207 C. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed as to prohibit camping 208 in public campgrounds under a permit authorized by other provisions 209 of law or ordinance.
210
211 9.45.030 – Location-Specific Regulations. The following provisions 212 apply separately from the requirements of Section 9.45.020 of this 213 Code.
214
215 A. No person shall camp, lie, sleep, or store their belongings 216 within ten feet near or in or upon any bus stop or bus stop 217 area during the posted hours of bus service for more than a 218 total of one hour during any given twelve-hour period. 219
220 B. Subsection 9.45.030(A) does not apply to any person:
221 1. Unable to comply with the direction of a law
575
7 222 enforcement officer due to a medical condition or 223 emergency;
224 2. Engaged in expressive activity;
225 3. Engaged in maintenance, repair, or construction
226 activity on behalf of a governmental entity or a public 227 utility; or
228 4. Under the age of six years old who is lying down in a 229 baby carriage, stroller, or carrier, or is lying down while 230 being held or carried by a person who is not lying down. 231
232 C. To limit traffic congestion and protect the safety of children 233 traveling to and from and in and around youth-serving 234 facilities from potential adverse safety impacts due, in part, 235 to sidewalk congestion, no person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, 236 or store their belongings in or upon any public
237 street/highway, bike path, pedestrian path, green belt, 238 median island, alley, sidewalk, crosswalk, or other public 239 place or way open for pedestrian or vehicular travel that is 240 in or within two- hundred-fifty (250) feet of a school route 241 during the period extending one hour before the start of 242 classes and ending one hour after the end of classes. 243
244 D. To protect the health and safety of schoolchildren, no 245 person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or store their belongings in 246 or upon any public street/highway, bike path, pedestrian 247 path, green belt, median island, alley, sidewalk, crosswalk 248 or other public place or way open for pedestrian or 249 vehiculartravel in or within two-hundred-fifty (250) feet 250 of a youth-serving facility at any time.
251
252 E. To prevent wildfires, no person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or 253 store their belongings in or upon a wildfire risk area. 254
255 F. No person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or store their 256 belongings in or upon fifty (50) feet of critical
257 infrastructure as defined from time to time by resolution of 576
8 258 the City Council.
259
260 G.To protect the health and safety of users of public transits, no 261 person shall camp, lie, sleep, or store their belongings in or 262 upon any method of public transportation that runs in the 263 City. Violations of this ordinance may be remedied under 264 Section 9.45.040 and may result in removal from public 265 transportation.
266
267 H. Nothing in this chapter is intended to prohibit or make 268 unlawful the activities of an owner of private property or 269 other lawful user of private property that are normally 270 associated with and incidental to the lawful and authorized 271 use of private property for residential or other purposes; and 272 nothing is intended to prohibit or make unlawful the 273 activities of a property owner or other lawful user if such 274 activities are expressly authorized by the Code or other 275 laws, ordinances, and regulations.
276
277 I. No person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or store their 278 belongings in or upon any public street/highway, bike path, 279 pedestrian path, green belt, median island, alley, sidewalk, 280 crosswalk, or other public place or way open for pedestrian 281 or vehicular travel in any location in the City, if at the time 282 of enforcement, there is available alternative public space in 283 which to perform those activities.
284
285 J. No person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or store their 286 belongings within ten feet of any operation or utilizable 287 driveway or loading dock.
288
289 K. No person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or store their 290 belongings within ten feet of any fire hydrant, fire hydrant, 291 or other fire department connection.
292
293 L. No person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or store their 294 belongings within fifty (50) feet outside a designated 295 facility that provides shelter, safe sleeping, or safe parking 577
9 296 to homeless persons or that serves as a homeless services 297 navigation center.
298
299 M. No person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or store their 300 belongings in or upon any public street/highway, bike path, 301 pedestrian path, green belt, median island, alley, sidewalk, 302 crosswalk, or other public place or way open for pedestrian 303 or vehicular travel that has signage prohibiting such 304 activities. The City Council may designate a section of the 305 public right-of-way as prohibiting such activities under this 306 section if a section of the right-of-way poses a particular 307 and ongoing threat to public health or safety. Such 308 circumstances may include, but are not limited to: (i) the 309 death or serious bodily injury of any person at the location 310 due to a hazardous condition; (ii) repeated serious or violent 311 crimes at the location; or (iii) the occurrence of fires that 312 resulted in a fire department response to the location. For 313 each such location, a prohibition pursuant to this
314 subdivision shall be effective for a period of time specified 315 in the resolution, but not to exceed one year.
316
317 9.45.040 – Summary Abatement
318
319 A. In addition to any other lawful authority, any violation of 320 section 9.45.020 or section 9.45.030 may be abated by the City 321 or any law enforcement officer upon 24 hours of prior notice. 322 Any violation of section 9.45.030 may be abated immediately 323 by the City or any law enforcement officer without prior 324 notice if the violation poses an imminent threat to public 325 health or safety.
326
327 B. Abatement pursuant to subsection 9.45.040(A) of this 328 section may include,but is not limited to, removal of camp 329 facilities, camp paraphernalia, personal property, garbage, 330 hazardous waste, infectious waste, junk or debris; and 331 securing the perimeter of the property with fencing, gates, 332 or barricades to prevent further occurrences of the nuisance 333 activity. Any lawful medication and valuable personal 578
10 334 property shall be inventoried and maintained at an 335 appropriate alternative location in the judgment of the 336 enforcement officer, for at least seventy-two hours before 337 other disposition, with notification provided to the apparent 338 owner(s) as to retrieval procedures.
339
340 C. Regardless of the City’s authority to conduct abatement 341 pursuant to this section, every owner, occupant, or lessee of 342 real property, and every holder of any interest in real 343 property, is required to maintain the property in compliance 344 with local, state, and federal law; and is liable for violations 345 thereof.
346
347 D. The abatement authority provided in this chapter shall be 348 cumulative and in addition to any other procedures
349 provided by the laws of the City or the State for the 350 abatement of any of the conditions described in this chapter, 351 and abatement pursuant to the provisions of this chapter 352 shall not prejudice or affect any other action, civil or 353 criminal, for the abatement of any such condition.
354
355 9.38.50 – Violation — Penalty.
356
357 A. Every person violating any provision of this chapter is 358 subject to the imposition of an administrative fine not 359 exceeding five hundred dollars ($500.00).
360
361 B. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prevent a 362 person from being prosecuted, convicted, or sentenced for a 363 violation of any lesser or related city, state, or federal 364 statutes which might impose different penalties.
365
366 9.38.60 – Ability-to-Pay Determination.
367
368 A. Any fine issued under Section 9.45.050 will be
369 accompanied with a notice of and instruction regarding the 370 right to request an ability-to-pay determination.
371
579
11 372 B. If the requestor is receiving public benefits under 373 Government Code section 68632, subdivision (a), or has a 374 monthly income which is 125 percent or less than the 375 current poverty guidelines updated periodically in the 376 Federal Register by the United States Department of Health 377 and Human Services, the requestor’s administrative fine 378 shall be waived and the violator shall instead be subject to:
379 1. Completing community service in lieu of paying the 380 total administrative fine; or
381 2. Offered an alternative disposition.
382 Fine waiver and alternative disposition shall not be applicable to 383 violators who have access to adequate temporary shelter but 384 choose not to use it.
385 SECTION 3. CEQA Exemption:
386 The City Council hereby finds and determines that the action taken 387 in this Ordinance does not commit the City to any action that may have a 388 significant effect on the environment. Accordingly, under the provisions of 389 § 15061(b)(3) and § 15378(b)(5) of Division 6 of Title 14 of the California 390 Code of Regulations, the CEQA Guidelines, the adoption of this ordinance 391 is not subject to the requirements of the California Environmental Quality 392 Act. The City Council directs City staff to file a Notice of Exemption 393 within five (5) days following adoption of this Ordinance with the Siskiyou 394 County Clerk.
395
396 SECTION 4. Effective Date. This Ordinance has been adopted by 397 at least a 4/5 majority and shall take effect immediately after its passage 398 and adoption pursuant to California Government Code Section 36937 and 399 shall supersede any conflicting provision of any City of Yreka ordinance. 400
401 SECTION 5. Certification. The City Clerk shall certify to the 402 passage and adoption of this ordinance and shall cause the same to be 403 published or posted according to law.
404 SECTION 6. Any provisions of the Yreka Municipal Code, or 405 appendices thereto, or any other ordinances of the City inconsistent herewith, 580
12 406 to the extent of such inconsistencies and no further, are hereby repealed. 407 SECTION 7. Severability. If any section, subsection, part, clause, 408 sentence or phrase of this Ordinance or the application thereof is for any 409 reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a decision of any court of 410 competent jurisdiction, the validity of the remaining portions of this 411 Ordinance, the application thereof, shall not be effected thereby but shall 412 remain in full force and effect, it being the intention of the City Council to 413 adopt each and every section, subsection, part, clause, sentence phrase 414 regardless of whether any other section, subsection, part, clause, sentence or 415 phrase or the application thereof is held to be invalid or unconstitutional. 416 SECTION 8. Implementation. The City Council hereby authorizes 417 and directs the City Manager to take any action and sign any documents 418 necessary to implement this Ordinance.
419 SECTION 9. Publication. The City Clerk is directed to prepare, post 420 and publish a summary of this ordinance as provided in Government Code 421 Section 36933(c)(1).
422 SECTION 10. Codification. The City Clerk is directed and 423 authorized to instruct the publisher of the City of Yreka Municipal Code that 424 codification of this Ordinance is limited to Section 2. 425 SECTION 11. Execution. The Mayor and City Clerk are authorized 426 to subscribe this ordinance where indicated below to evidence its approval. 427 Introduced, passed, approved and adopted as an urgency ordinance at a 428 regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Yreka held on June 21, 429 2022, by the following vote:
430 AYES:
431 NOES:
432 ABSENT:
433 Duane Kegg, Mayor
434
435 Approved as to Form: Attest:
436
437
438 Dohn Henion, City Attorney Rhetta Hogan, City Clerk 581
1 RESOLUTION NO. 2022-____

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE

CITYOF YREKA, CALIFORNIA,

DESIGNATING SPECIFIED LOCATIONS AS

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PURPOSES
OF CHAPTER 9.45 OF THE MUNICIPAL CODE

BACKGROUND
A. The City Council adopted or is considering adopting an Ordinance to be added to Chapter 9.45 of the Municipal Code for the protection of critical infrastructure and wildfire risk areas in the interests of public safety. The City faces significant wildfire risk to critical infrastructure due to its climate, topography, and other relevant factors, which necessitates that the City be able to efficiently and timely respond to emergency situations.

B. The City desires to reduce wildfire risk to critical infrastructure and the community by both eliminating a significant potential source of fire risk on or within 50 feet of critical infrastructure, ensuring that such facilities are accessible and able to operate at all times by reducing activities that may hamper access to those spaces.

C. The Federal Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency defined 16 sectors of critical infrastructure, and has prepared a sector- specific plan for addressing potential risks related to each: (1) chemical; (2) commercial facilities; (3) communications; (4) critical manufacturing; (5) dams; (6) defense industrial base; (7) emergency services; (8) energy; (9) financial services; (10) food and agriculture; (11) government facilities; (12) healthcare and public health; (13) information technology; (14) nuclear reactors, materials, and waste; (15) transportation systems; (16) water and wastewater systems.

D. The U.S Department of Homeland Security has issued guidance finding that local officials, in working to protect their community’s public health and safety, economic and national security should identify and protect its critical infrastructure from destruction, damage, and interference, thereby serving to ensure the continuity of functions of its critical infrastructure. Damage to critical infrastructure is often caused by persons whose activities are not permitted or authorized in, on, or near critical infrastructure.

E. The ordinance defines “Critical Infrastructure” as any real property or facility, whether privately or publicly owned, as designated by the City Council from time to time by resolution, that the City Council determines, in its discretion, is 582
2 so vital and integral to the operation or functioning of the city that its damage, incapacity, disruption, or destruction would have a debilitating impact on the public health, safety, or welfare. Critical infrastructure may include, but is not limited to, government buildings, such as schools, fire stations, police stations, jails, or courthouses; hospitals; structures, such as antennas, bridges, roads, train tracks, drainage systems, or levees; or systems, such as computer networks, public utilities, electrical wires, natural gas pipes, telecommunication centers, or water sources.

F. The City Council hereby designates the following as being so vital and integral to the operation or functioning of the city that its damage, incapacity, disruption, or destruction would have a debilitating impact on the public health, safety, or welfare as to constitute “Critical Infrastructure”.

BASED ON THE FACTS SET FORTH IN THE BACKGROUND, THE CITY COUNCIL RESOLVES AS FOLLOWS:

RESOLVED, The City Council finds that the background and all the facts, findings, and conclusions set forth above in this Resolution are true and correct.

RESOLVED FURTHER, the City Council of the City of Yreka does hereby declare, designate and approve the following real property, locations and facilities as critical infrastructure under Section 9.45.010 of the Yreka Municipal Code.

1. City government buildings, properties and facilities located within the city limits and those owned by Yreka located outside the city limits, including City Hall, Yreka Community Theater, Corporate Yard, official fueling stations, City fleet maintenance, Wastewater Treatment facility and its ground injection field, municipal swimming pool, schools, school routes, fire stations, police stations, County and State facilities located within Yreka such as the Sheriff station and facilities such the correctional facility, behavioral health facilities, public works facilities, courthouses, and libraries. These facilities for government operations are locations where governance is conducted, and support to the community is administered from. This oft includes administration buildings where plans, procedures, and fees may be processed; additionally, this can include locations that host community services.

Facilities such as the Yreka Community Theater are gathering areas. Gathering areas across the City often consolidate the largest number of persons in a confined area, which have historically been ideal targets for extremist and terror attacks.

Gathering areas are also often ideal locations to conduct mass care and shelter for evacuees given the range of onsite support to host large groups of people.

Fire Stations provide critical services for fire and emergency medical responses in our 583
3 city and community. If there is a disruption of service, due to the fire department’s inability to access or leave from the location, or damage to the station, the city and community would suffer due to delays in emergency response.

Police Stations and Facilities are critical to the safety of the community as they house dispatch communication, peace officers, their vehicles, and equipment. If those facilities are damaged or prevented from being used, it would negatively impact the Police Department’s ability to provide community services, thereby threatening the safety of our City.

2. Electric, sewer, wastewater and water utility facilities, including above ground water transmission lines, water tanks, water and wastewater pumping stations, generation stations, transformers and substations.

3. Health facilities, as that term is defined in Health & Safety Code section 1250.

4. Bus/transit stops.

5. Watersheds including Juniper Creek, Upper Yreka Creek, Greenhorn Creek and Humbug Gulch produce tributaries to the northerly flowing Yreka Creek to the Shasta and Klamath Rivers; Mill Creek and the North Fork of Greenhorn Creek to Greenhorn Creek; Juniper Creek and Upper Yreka Creek to the confluence of Greenhorn and Yreka Creek; and Humbug Gulch and Little Humbug Gulch to Yreka Creek. Rivers and Creeks are important elements of the City's drainage system as they pass storm flows from distant areas through our city as well as collect drainage from city neighborhoods. The Yreka Creek Greenway and all other creeks are critical portions of the City drainage system. Greenway reaches are designed to capture and slow the 100-year FEMA flood projection within the banks of the ongoing project.

Maintaining Greenhorn Dam per guidelines is mandated by regulating State and Federal Agencies.

6. Raw water storage such as Greenhorn Dam and Reservoir, which is accessed from Greenhorn Road and Ranch Lane and is situated within approximately 460 acres of City owned lands in that southwest portion of the City of Yreka. The Greenhorn Reservoir is composed of an earthen dam, a wet well at its midpoint, and a concrete spillway at the northeast corner. City of Yreka holds licensed appropriative right 9850 of 1958 (License 9850) for diversion of 285 acre feet per year for withdrawal and collection to storage.

7. Water and wastewater treatment, conveyance, distribution and storage facilities including monitoring facilities. water storage tanks, water pumping stations, all water distribution system appurtenances, wastewater pumping stations, wastewater manholes and vaults, and all wastewater collection system appurtenances Safe drinking water is central to the life of an individual and of society; a drinking water contamination incident or the denial of drinking water services would have farreaching public health, economic, environmental, and psychological impacts across 584
4 the city. Other critical services such as fire protection, healthcare, and heating and cooling processes would also be disrupted by the interruption or cessation of drinking water service, resulting in significant consequences to the national or regional economies.

8. Water and wastewater booster stations which maintain sufficient water pressure for fire flow and convey wastewater for treatment and disposal. The water booster stations convey water to the tanks on the hills above the City and to generate the head pressure required. The City currently maintains and operates nine storage tanks and one clear well.

9. Groundwater wells- The City currently is permitted to operate groundwater wells.

Groundwater wells provides 100% of the backup water supply for the City of Yreka and its utility users.

10. The storage facilities (tanks) store water which gravity flows into the water distribution system serving the City.

11. Wastewater Lift Stations – wastewater and drainage is collected in underground pipes and flows to a collection point at a lower elevation which is a wastewater lift station. At the pump station wastewater is pumped to a force main pipe that conveys wastewater to a treatment plant for treatment.

12. Treatment facilities –The City treats surface water diverted from the Fall Creek and other licensed areas. The water treatment plant provides the annual potable water supply for the City of Yreka and its customers.

13. Bridges and roads designated by the City as Citywide evacuation routes.

14. All other bridges owned by Yreka together with those owned by other governmental entities such as CalTrans. Warming fires are often ignited beneath bridges shortening the useful life of the bridge.

15. All public streets/highways, bike paths, pedestrian paths, green belts, median islands, alleyways, sidewalks where ADA access would be impaired, crosswalks or other public places or way open for pedestrian or vehicular travel located within Yreka.

16. Youth-serving facilities including child day care facilities, preschools, public or private primary or secondary schools, and City playgrounds and parks including recreational area lands surrounding the Greenhorn Reservoir water storage facility.

17. Drainage canals and channels are critical conveyance elements that deliver rainfall runoff from urban areas to receiving waterways. Channels may have pump stations pumping flows into them. It's critical to maintain channel side slope integrity to prevent erosive action. Failure in channels/canals can lead to significant flooding for large areas of the city.
585
5 Severability Clause: Should any section, clause, or provision of this Resolution be declared by the Courts to be invalid, the same shall not affect the validity of the Resolution as a whole, or parts thereof, other than the part so declared to be invalid.

Certification: The City Clerk shall certify to the passage and adoption of this Resolution and shall cause the same to be published or posted according to law.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 21st day of June 2022 AYES:

NAYS:

ASBSENT:

ABSTAIN:

Duane Kegg, Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM Attest:

Dohn Henion, City Attorney Shella Rhetta Hogan, City Clerk 586
1 2 ORDINANCE NO. 873
3 4 AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
5 YREKA, CALIFORNIA ADDING YREKA MUNICIPAL CODE
6 CHAPTER 9.45 “USE OF THE PUBLIC RIGHTS OF WAY
7 AND PROTECTION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN, BUS STOPS,
8 CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND WILDFIRE RISK
9 AREAS” AND FINDING THE ORDINANCE EXEMPT FROM
10 CEQA
11 12 WHEREAS, it is the obligation of the City to keep its public rights 13 of way clean and available for public use, and to protect the public health, 14 safety and welfare and access by City constituents and personnel; and 15 16 WHEREAS, a principal threat to the public health, safety, and 17 welfare is the potential destruction of, damage to, or interference with the 18 public right-of-way that is critical to the provision of public services such 19 as law enforcement, fire prevention, educational services, transportation 20 and utilities; and
21 22 WHEREAS, increased obstruction of public property obscures 23 adverse and illegal activity from public view, contributes substantially to 24 the accumulation of litter, clutter and visual blight, can interfere with 25 pedestrian circulation, can obstruct or interfere with the lawful use of 26 public spaces by the general public for their intended recreational uses, and 27 inhibit the effective regulation and enforcement against illegal activities; 28 and
29 30 WHEREAS, the City desires to establish its ability to prevent 31 individuals from camping or blocking the public right-of-way at particular 32 times and locations in order to reduce the risk of interference with the 33 provision of servicesand to comply with the Americans with Disabilities 34 Act of 1990; and
35 587
2 36 WHEREAS, youth are particularly endangered by persons camping 37 or blocking the public right-of-way, which can interfere with youth’s 38 ability to use the public right-of-way and increases the risk of vehicular 39 accident by forcing youths onto the street/highway; and 40 41 WHEREAS, the City desires to protect minor children from these 42 potentially deleterious effects and allow for the safe passage of youths to 43 and from school; and
44 45 WHEREAS, the City has invested significant public resources in the 46 development and maintenance of bus stops,including benches, and the City 47 desires to deter the misuse of bus stops, which discourages and impedes 48 others from using public transit; and
49 50 WHEREAS, the U.S Department of Homeland Security has issued 51 guidance finding that local officials, in working to protect their 52 community’s public health and safety, economic and national security 53 should identify and protect its critical infrastructure from destruction, 54 damage, and interference, thereby serving to ensure the continuity of 55 functions of its critical infrastructure. Damage to critical infrastructure is 56 often caused by persons whose activities are not permitted or authorized in, 57 on, or near critical infrastructure; and
58 59 WHEREAS, wildfires are often caused by persons whose activities 60 are not permitted or authorized in, on, or near wildfire risk areas; and 61 62 WHEREAS, the City must appropriately consider competing 63 interests and formulate policy to best protect public health, safety, welfare, 64 property, and the environment, with limited resources; and 65 66 WHEREAS, it isthe purpose and intent of the City Council to provide 67 standards for outdoor living which are intended to be as compatible as 68 possible with the protection and preservation of health, safety, and welfare 69 of the inhabitants of the City; and
70 71 WHEREAS, the City desires to continue to work toward the 72 offering of specialized services, and outreach programs to those who 73 appear in need, or to those request service assistance; and 588
3 74
75 WHEREAS, the City desires to adopt an ordinance to establish its 76 ability to prevent individuals from camping, sleeping or blocking the 77 public right-of-way at particular times and locations at or near youth78 serving facilities, bus stops, critical infrastructure, and wildfire risk areas; 79 and
80 81 WHEREAS, the elimination of human waste from the body is an 82 unavoidable consequence of being human. However, its deposit within the 83 city’s watershed and watercourses can impair certain of the city’s water 84 sources and is not consistent with the public’s human right to have clean 85 and drinkable water supplies and uncontaminated raw water storage; and 86 87 NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
88 YREKA DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
89 90 SECTION 1. The City Council finds that all the facts, findings, 91 and conclusions set forth above in this Ordinance are true and correct. 92 93 SECTION 2. The City Council hereby adds Chapter 9.45 to Title 9 94 of the Yreka Municipal Code as follows:
95 96 “9.45 – Protection of Schoolchildren, Bus Stops, Critical Infrastructure 97 and Wildfire Risk Areas
98 99 9.45.010 – Definition of Specialized Terms and Phrases. 100
101 “Bus stop” means any place where the City, County, other 102 governmental entity or transit operator, has directed the placement of 103 a sign designating a location where shuttle, trolley, bus service, or 104 other form of public transit stop to service and transport passengers. 105
106 “Bus stop area” means the area at a bus stop occupying the entire 107 width of the sidewalks that extends 20 feet before a bus stop sign or 108 bus stop route sign, or, for bus stops furnished with shelter or 109 shelters, the footprint of the shelters, and the entire width of the 110 sidewalk that extends 10 feet before and 10 feet after the footprint of 111 the shelter. The footprint of a shelter is defined by vertical plans, 589
4 112 perpendicular to the ground, extending down from the outermost 113 edges of the shelter overhang or roof.
114
115 “Camping” means to pitch or occupy camp facilities, to live 116 temporarily or occupy a portion of property for living 117 accommodation purposes, as exemplified by remaining for 118 prolonged or repetitious periods of time with one’s personal 119 possessions (including, but not limited to, clothing, sleeping bags, 120 bed rolls, blankets, sheets, luggage, backpacks, kitchen utensils, 121 cookware, and similar materials) sleeping or making preparations to 122 sleep, storing personal belongings as above defined, or regularly 123 igniting fires for food or beverage preparation or for warming. 124
125 “Critical Infrastructure” means any real property or facility, whether 126 privately or publicly owned, as designated by the City Council from 127 time to time by resolution, that the City Council determines, in its 128 discretion, is so vital and integral to the operation or functioning of 129 the city that its damage, incapacity, disruption, or destruction would 130 have a debilitating impact on the public health, safety, or welfare. 131 Critical infrastructure may include, but is not limited to, government 132 buildings, such as schools, fire stations, police stations, jails, or 133 courthouses; hospitals; structures, such as antennas, bridges, roads, 134 train tracks, drainage systems, or levees; or systems, such as 135 computer networks, public utilities, electrical wires, natural gas 136 pipes, telecommunication centers, or water sources. 137
138 “School Route” shall mean any public road that is significantly used 139 for transportation to and from any public or private school. The City 140 shall adopt a resolution and make publicly available a map of all 141 designated school routes.
142 “Store” means to put aside or accumulate for use when needed, to 143 put for safekeeping, to place or leave in a location. 144
145 “Wildfire risk area” hasthe same meaning asin California Code of 146 Regulations, title 24, part 9, section 202.
147
148 “Youth-serving facility” means child day care facilities, preschools, 590
5 149 public or private primary or secondary schools, Public Libraries, and 150 City playgrounds and parks.
151
152 9.45.020 – Prohibition on Camping in Public Right-of-way. 153
154 A. No person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep or store their belongings in or 155 upon any public street/highway, green belt, median island, alley, 156 sidewalk, crosswalk or other public place or way open for pedestrian 157 or vehicular travel or appurtenant thereto:
158
159 (1) in such a manner that impedes passage, as provided by the 160 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Pub. L, No. 101-336, 104 161 Stat. 328 (1990), as amended from time to time; or
162
163 (2) in a manner that obstructs or unreasonably interferes with 164 the use of the right-of-way; or
165
166 (3) in a manner that obstructs any portion of any street or other 167 public right-of-way open to use by motor vehicles, or any portion of 168 a bike lane, bike path, or other public right-of-way open to use by 169 bicycles or pedestrians, by sitting, lying, or sleeping, or by storing, 170 using, maintaining, or placing personal property, anywhere within 171 the street, bike lane, bike path, or other public right-of-way; or 172
173 (4) in a manner that blocks or impedes access to City-owned or 174 leased equipment or buildings, or impedes City staff from 175 performance of inspection, maintenance, or repairs of City-owned 176 property; or those portions of a right-of-way that are required by 177 local, state, or federal law to be free of obstruction for first 178 responders, including but not limited to members of law 179 enforcement, fire agencies, or emergency-medical-services agencies. 180
181 B. The provisions of this section do not prohibit a person from sitting 182 upon a public street/highway, green belt, median island, alley, 183 sidewalk, crosswalk, or other public place if:
184 1. Temporarily necessitated by any disability of such person; 185 2. Such person is viewing a legally conducted parade or 591
6 186 similar permitted temporary event; or
187 3. Such person is seated for less than one hour on a bench 188 lawfully installed for such purpose; or
189 4. Such person is engaged in expressive activity.
190
191 C. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed as to prohibit camping 192 in public campgrounds under a permit authorized by other provisions 193 of law or ordinance.
194
195 9.45.030 – Location-Specific Regulations. The following provisions 196 apply separately from the requirements of Section 9.45.020 of this 197 Code.
198
199 A. No person shall camp, lie, sleep, or store their belongings 200 within ten feet near or in or upon any bus stop or bus stop 201 area during the posted hours of bus service for more than a 202 total of one hour during any given twelve-hour period. 203
204 B. Subsection 9.45.030(A) does not apply to any person:
205 1. Unable to comply with the direction of a law
206 enforcement officer due to a medical condition or
207 emergency;
208 2. Engaged in expressive activity;
209 3. Engaged in maintenance, repair, or construction
210 activity on behalf of a governmental entity or a public 211 utility; or
212 4. Under the age of six years old who is lying down in a 213 baby carriage, stroller, or carrier, or is lying down while 214 being held or carried by a person who is not lying down. 215
216 C. To limit traffic congestion and protect the safety of children 217 traveling to and from and in and around youth-serving 218 facilities from potential adverse safety impacts due, in part, 219 to sidewalk congestion, no person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, 220 or store their belongings in or upon any public
592
7 221 street/highway, bike path, pedestrian path, green belt, 222 median island, alley, sidewalk, crosswalk, or other public 223 place or way open for pedestrian or vehicular travel that is 224 in or within two- hundred-fifty (250) feet of a school route 225 during the period extending one hour before the start of 226 classes and ending one hour after the end of classes. 227
228 D. To protect the health and safety of schoolchildren, no 229 person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or store their belongings in 230 or upon any public street/highway, bike path, pedestrian 231 path, green belt, median island, alley, sidewalk, crosswalk 232 or other public place or way open for pedestrian or 233 vehiculartravel in or within two-hundred-fifty (250) feet 234 of a youth-serving facility at any time.
235
236 E. To prevent wildfires, no person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or 237 store their belongings in or upon a wildfire risk area. 238
239 F. No person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or store their 240 belongings in or upon fifty (50) feet of critical
241 infrastructure as defined from time to time by resolution of 242 the City Council.
243
244 G.To protect the health and safety of users of public transits, no 245 person shall camp, lie, sleep, or store their belongings in or 246 upon any method of public transportation that runs in the 247 City. Violations of this ordinance may be remedied under 248 Section 9.45.040 and may result in removal from public 249 transportation.
250
251 H. Nothing in this chapter is intended to prohibit or make 252 unlawful the activities of an owner of private property or 253 other lawful user of private property that are normally 254 associated with and incidental to the lawful and authorized 255 use of private property for residential or other purposes; and 256 nothing is intended to prohibit or make unlawful the 257 activities of a property owner or other lawful user if such 258 activities are expressly authorized by the Code or other 593
8 259 laws, ordinances, and regulations.
260
261 I. No person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or store their 262 belongings in or upon any public street/highway, bike path, 263 pedestrian path, green belt, median island, alley, sidewalk, 264 crosswalk, or other public place or way open for pedestrian 265 or vehicular travel in any location in the City, if at the time 266 of enforcement, there is available alternative public space in 267 which to perform those activities.
268
269 J. No person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or store their 270 belongings within ten feet of any operation or utilizable 271 driveway or loading dock.
272
273 K. No person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or store their 274 belongings within ten feet of any fire hydrant, fire hydrant, 275 or other fire department connection.
276
277 L. No person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or store their 278 belongings within fifty (50) feet outside a designated 279 facility that provides shelter, safe sleeping, or safe parking 280 to homeless persons or that serves as a homeless services 281 navigation center.
282
283 M. No person shall camp, sit, lie, sleep, or store their 284 belongings in or upon any public street/highway, bike path, 285 pedestrian path, green belt, median island, alley, sidewalk, 286 crosswalk, or other public place or way open for pedestrian 287 or vehicular travel that has signage prohibiting such 288 activities. The City Council may designate a section of the 289 public right-of-way as prohibiting such activities under this 290 section if a section of the right-of-way poses a particular 291 and ongoing threat to public health or safety. Such 292 circumstances may include, but are not limited to: (i) the 293 death or serious bodily injury of any person at the location 294 due to a hazardous condition; (ii) repeated serious or violent 295 crimes at the location; or (iii) the occurrence of fires that 296 resulted in a fire department response to the location. For 594
9 297 each such location, a prohibition pursuant to this 298 subdivision shall be effective for a period of time specified 299 in the resolution, but not to exceed one year.
300
301 9.45.040 – Summary Abatement
302
303 A. In addition to any other lawful authority, any violation of 304 section 9.45.020 or section 9.45.030 may be abated by the City 305 or any law enforcement officer upon 24 hours of prior notice. 306 Any violation of section 9.45.030 may be abated immediately 307 by the City or any law enforcement officer without prior 308 notice if the violation poses an imminent threat to public 309 health or safety.
310
311 B. Abatement pursuant to subsection 9.45.040(A) of this 312 section may include,but is not limited to, removal of camp 313 facilities, camp paraphernalia, personal property, garbage, 314 hazardous waste, infectious waste, junk or debris; and 315 securing the perimeter of the property with fencing, gates, 316 or barricades to prevent further occurrences of the nuisance 317 activity. Any lawful medication and valuable personal 318 property shall be inventoried and maintained at an
319 appropriate alternative location in the judgment of the 320 enforcement officer, for at least seventy-two hours before 321 other disposition, with notification provided to the apparent 322 owner(s) as to retrieval procedures.
323
324 C. Regardless of the City’s authority to conduct abatement 325 pursuant to this section, every owner, occupant, or lessee of 326 real property, and every holder of any interest in real 327 property, is required to maintain the property in compliance 328 with local, state, and federal law; and is liable for violations 329 thereof.
330
331 D. The abatement authority provided in this chapter shall be 332 cumulative and in addition to any other procedures
333 provided by the laws of the City or the State for the 334 abatement of any of the conditions described in this chapter, 595
10 335 and abatement pursuant to the provisions of this chapter 336 shall not prejudice or affect any other action, civil or 337 criminal, for the abatement of any such condition.
338
339 9.38.50 – Violation — Penalty.
340
341 A. Every person violating any provision of this chapter is 342 subject to the imposition of an administrative fine not 343 exceeding five hundred dollars ($500.00).
344
345 B. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prevent a 346 person from being prosecuted, convicted, or sentenced for a 347 violation of any lesser or related city, state, or federal 348 statutes which might impose different penalties.
349
350 9.38.60 – Ability-to-Pay Determination.
351
352 A. Any fine issued under Section 9.45.050 will be
353 accompanied with a notice of and instruction regarding the 354 right to request an ability-to-pay determination.
355
356 B. If the requestor is receiving public benefits under 357 Government Code section 68632, subdivision (a), or has a 358 monthly income which is 125 percent or less than the 359 current poverty guidelines updated periodically in the 360 Federal Register by the United States Department of Health 361 and Human Services, the requestor’s administrative fine 362 shall be waived and the violator shall instead be subject to:
363 1. Completing community service in lieu of paying the 364 total administrative fine; or
365 2. Offered an alternative disposition.
366 Fine waiver and alternative disposition shall not be applicable to 367 violators who have access to adequate temporary shelter but 368 choose not to use it.
369 SECTION 3. CEQA Exemption:
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11 370 The City Council hereby finds and determines that the action taken 371 in this Ordinance does not commit the City to any action that may have a 372 significant effect on the environment. Accordingly, under the provisions of 373 § 15061(b)(3) and § 15378(b)(5) of Division 6 of Title 14 of the California 374 Code of Regulations, the CEQA Guidelines, the adoption of this ordinance 375 is not subject to the requirements of the California Environmental Quality 376 Act. The City Council directs City staff to file a Notice of Exemption 377 within five (5) days following adoption of this Ordinance with the Siskiyou 378 County Clerk.
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380 SECTION 4. Effective Date. This Ordinance shall take effect 381 thirty days after its passage and adoption pursuant to California 382 Government Code Section 36937 and shall supersede any conflicting 383 provision of any City of Yreka ordinance.
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385 SECTION 5. Certification. The City Clerk shall certify to the 386 passage and adoption of this ordinance and shall cause the same to be 387 published or posted according to law.
388 SECTION 6. Any provisions of the Yreka Municipal Code, or 389 appendices thereto, or any other ordinances of the City inconsistent herewith, 390 to the extent of such inconsistencies and no further, are hereby repealed. 391 SECTION 7. Severability. If any section, subsection, part, clause, 392 sentence or phrase of this Ordinance or the application thereof is for any 393 reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a decision of any court of 394 competent jurisdiction, the validity of the remaining portions of this 395 Ordinance, the application thereof, shall not be effected thereby but shall 396 remain in full force and effect, it being the intention of the City Council to 397 adopt each and every section, subsection, part, clause, sentence phrase 398 regardless of whether any other section, subsection, part, clause, sentence or 399 phrase or the application thereof is held to be invalid or unconstitutional. 400 SECTION 8. Implementation. The City Council hereby authorizes 401 and directs the City Manager to take any action and sign any documents 402 necessary to implement this Ordinance.
403 SECTION 9. Publication. The City Clerk is directed to prepare, post 404 and publish a summary of this ordinance as provided in Government Code 405 Section 36933(c)(1).
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12 406 SECTION 10. Codification. The City Clerk is directed and 407 authorized to instruct the publisher of the City of Yreka Municipal Code that 408 codification of this Ordinance is limited to Section 2. 409 SECTION 11. Execution. The Mayor and City Clerk are authorized 410 to subscribe this ordinance where indicated below to evidence its approval. 411 Introduced, passed, approved and adopted as an urgency ordinance at a 412 regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Yreka held on June 21, 413 2022 by the following vote:
414 AYES:
415 NOES:
416 ABSENT:
417 ABSTAIN: Duane Kegg, Mayor
418
419 Approved as to Form: Attest:
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423 Dohn Henion, City Attorney Rhetta Hogan, City Clerk 598
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Yreka City CouncilJune 21, 2022

Yreka City Council
June 21, 2022