Agenda — Adelanto City Council, October 26, 2022 (part 2 of 3)

land use and zone area maps, and the environmental determination is on file and available through the Development Services Department at Adelanto City Hall.

SECTION 3. The Adelanto Planning Commission hereby finds and determines that the Addendum to the previously adopted 2014 Environmental Impact Report (SCH No. 20142031034) to evaluate the potential effect with respect to the environment, including greenhouse gas emissions and traffic, and determines that the Project would not have a significant effect on the environment with the proposed mitigation measures.

SECTION 4. For the foregoing reasons, the Planning Commission adopts Resolution P-22-35, recommending that City Council adopt the Addendum to the previously adopted 2014 Environmental Impact Report, (EIR), SCH No. 20142031034 and recommend City Council approval, of Ordinance No. 637 approving General Plan Amendment No. GPA 22-05 (GPA) and Zone Change No.

ZC 22-04 (ZC), based on the findings.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED by the Planning Commission this 19th day of October 2022.
___________________________________
Chris Waggener, Chairman
___________________________________
Secretary to the Planning Commission
I, Nyeka Allen, Planning Secretary for the Planning Commission of the City of Adelanto, California, do hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution No. P-22- 40 was duly and regularly adopted at a regular meeting of the Planning Commission of the City of Adelanto on the 19th day of October 2022, by the following vote, to-wit:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:
297
RESOLUTION NO. P-22-40
October 19, 2022

Page 3 ends

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I hereunto set my hand and affix the official seal of the City of Adelanto on the 19th day of October 2022. ___________________________________
Nyeka Allen,
Secretary to the Planning Commission
298

1 PLANNING COMMISSION AGENDA REPORT
DATE:

October 19, 2022
TO: Honorable Chairman and Members of the Planning Commission FROM:

THROUGH:

BY:

Andre Dupret, Development Services Director
John Tomlinson, Planning Manager
Louis Morales, Project Planner
SUBJECT: GENERAL PLAN AMENDMENT NO. GPA 22-05 and Zone
Change NO. ZC 22-04, to amend the Adelanto North 2035
Comprehensive Sustainable Plan Figure LC-2 Land Use Plan and Adelanto General Plan Land Use and Zoning Map.

STAFF RECOMMENDATION:

Adopt Resolution P-22-40, recommending that City Council adopt the Addendum to the previously adopted 2014 Environmental Impact Report, (EIR), SCH No. 20142031034 and adopt, Ordinance No. 637 approving General Plan Amendment No. GPA 22-04 and Zone Change No. ZC 22-04, based on the findings.

ANALYSIS & REVIEW:

PROJECT DESCRIPTION:

The project is a proposal to amend the Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan, Figure LC-2, Land Use Plan and Adelanto General Plan Land Use & Zoning Map in six areas.

The project requires approval of the following entitlements:

A General Plan Amendment (GPA 22-05) and Zone Change to amend the Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan, Figure LC-2, Land Use Plan and Adelanto General Plan Land Use & Zoning Map in six identified areas.

A D E L A N T O G O V E R N M E N T A L C E N T E R | 1 1 6 0 0 A I R E X P R E S S W A Y | A D E L A N T O , C A L I F O R N I A 9 2 3 0 1
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2 BACKGROUND:

Applicant: City of Adelanto
General Location: City-wide
Environmental
Determination: An Addendum to the EIR, (SCH 20142031034) for the Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan was prepared for the project in accordance with the City’s guidelines, which implement the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), which determined from the whole record that the project, as revised will not have a significant effect on the environment. As such, an Addendum was prepared that will be implemented for the proposed project. A copy of the First Addendum to The Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan Mobility Element Certified Environmental Impact Report, dated October 3, 2022 can be viewed at: https://www.ci.adelanto.ca.us/377/CEQA-Process-Policy. There is no substantial evidence of adverse environmental effects; therefore, an Addendum to the EIR has been prepared.

The City adopted its firs general plan in 1973. Since 1973, the major amendments to its General plan occurred in 1994 and 2014. The current Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Plan Sustainable Plan was adopted in 2014.

The City of Adelanto has been receiving inquiries from applicants interested in applying for general plan amendments and zone changes to carry out residential development with increased density and to address non-conforming issues resulting from previous general plan amendments and updates. In addition, the City is only allowed to amend a General Plan element four times per calendar year and the City has processed three general plan amendments to its General Plan land and zoning map in 2022. Under a general plan amendment, a City may make many changes.

In an effort to address the many challenges faced with being limited to four amendments per year, the City initiated the filing of General Plan Amendment No. GPA 22-05 and Zone Change No. ZC 22-04 and bundled the various requests and areas of City interest to address the housing demand and nonconforming issues in the Business Park Zone. As a result the City identified 6 areas of the City to address increased density in the wake of the housing shortage facing the state and region and to address non-conforming uses in the Business Park Zone.

The intent of Ordinance No. 637 is to amend the General Plan Land Use and Zoning Map that will affect the following land use and zone designations:
• Business Park (BP) zone
• Light Manufacturing (LM) zone
• Manufacturing Industrial (MI) zone
• Mixed Use (MU) zone
• Single Family Residential (R-1) zone 4 units per acre • Single Family Residential (R-S5) zone 5 units per acre 300

3 PROJECT COMPONENTS
The project is a proposal to amend the Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan, Figure LC-2, Land Use Plan and Adelanto General Plan Land Use & Zoning Map in six areas.

The areas are briefly described as follows:

Area 1: From Single Family Residential (R1) with a density allowance of 4 units/acre to Single Family residential (R-S5) that allows 5 units/acre, approximately 40 acres bordered by Vintage Road to the north, Chamberlaine Way to the south, Stevens Street to the east, and Raccoon Avenue to the west. Area 1 is comprised of 9 parcels.

Area 2: From Business Park (BP) to Manufacturing/Industrial (MI), for approximately 750 acres generally bordered by Air Expressway and Yucca Avenue on the north, Rancho Road and Powerline Road to the south, Emerald Road and Cobalt Road to the east, and US 395 and Adelanto Road to the west; and from Light-Manufacturing (LM) to Manufacturing/Industrial for approximately 117 acres generally bordered by Rancho Road to the south, Cobalt Road to the east, Emerald Road to the west, and a point approximately 2,700 feet north of Rancho Road extending between Yucca Road and Emerald Road, and from Commercial (C) to Manufacturing/Industrial (MI) for approximately 13 acres generally bordered by Violet Road to the North, 395 to the west Adelanto Road to the east and Rancho Road to the south. Area 2 is comprised of 113 parcels and does not include the power lines.

Area 3: From Mixed Use (MU) to Manufacturing /Industrial (MI) for approximately 75 acres generally bordered by Violet Road on the north, Rancho Road on the south, US 395 on the east, and Bellflower Street on the west. Area 3 is comprised of 31 parcels.

Area 4: From Mixed Use (MU) to Light Manufacturing (LM) for approximately 3.38 acres (1 parcel), on the west side of Adelanto Road approximately 2,276 feet south of Rancho Road.

Area 5: From Single Family Residential (R1) with a density allowance of 4 units/acre to Single Family residential (R-S5) that allows 5 units/acre, approximately 530 acres, generally bordered by the north by Holly Road, Cactus Road on the south, Bellflower Street on the east, and Calendula Road on the west. Area 5 is comprised of 87 parcels.

Area 6: From Single Family Residential (R1) with a density allowance of 4 units/acre to Single Family residential (R-S5) that allows 5 units/acre, for approximately 1,014 acres, generally bordered by the north by Hook Boulevard and Villa Street, Palmdale Road on the south, Aster Road on the east, and Caughlin Road on the west. Area 6 is comprised of 85 parcels.
301

4 PROJECT ANALYSIS:

GENERAL PLAN CONSISTENCY:

The proposed General Plan Amendment will amend the General Plan Land Use Element and Zoning Map in order to allow increased housing development, eliminate non-conforming uses, and will assist in promoting economic development opportunities.

Further, the proposed project is consistent with the City’s Adelanto North 2035 Sustainable Plan, Chapter 3, Economic Development and will also support State Senate Bill 743, which promotes the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by lessening Vehicle Miles Traveled, through the development of multimodal transportation networks, and a diversity of land uses, which requires the establishment of additional full and restricted access points along State Highway 395.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS:

An Addendum to the EIR for the Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan was prepared for the project in accordance with the City’s guidelines, which implement the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), which determined from the whole record that the project, as revised will not have a significant effect on the environment. As such, an Addendum was prepared that will be implemented for the proposed project. A copy of the Addendum can be viewed at: https://www.ci.adelanto.ca.us/377/CEQA-Process-Policy. There is no substantial evidence of adverse environmental effects; therefore, an Addendum has been prepared.

The Draft Addendum was available for public review at the Development Services public counter, and on the City’s website.

The City received no comments during the public review period.

PUBLIC NOTICE
A public hearing notice was published in the newspaper, posted on the City’s public service electronic billboard on State Route 395, posted on the Planning Department’s website and sent to relevant agencies. As of the writing of this report, no comments have been received by staff.

ATTACHMENTS:

A. Planning Commission Resolution No. 22-40
B. Draft Ordinance No. 637
C. Area Map Nos. 1 through 6
D. Land Use Figure LC-2
E. First Addendum to the City of Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element The Addendum and Associated Studies are on File at the Planning Department and available online at:
https://www.ci.adelanto.ca.us/377/CEQA-Process-Policy
302

FIRST ADDENDUM TO THE CITY OF ADELANTO GENERAL PLAN

LAND USE ELEMENT

CERTIFIED FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORTS
Lead Agency
City of Adelanto
Development Services – Planning Division
11600 Air Expressway
Adelanto, CA 92301
Contact: Louis Morales, Contract Planner
Email: [email protected]
Prepared By
11801 Pierce Street, Ste. 200
Riverside, CA 92505
[email protected]
October 3, 2022
303
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | ii Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Purpose and Background................................................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Prior CEQA Documents................................................................................................................................... 1

1.3 CEQA Requirements for Use of an Addendum ............................................................................................... 2

1.4 Summary of Analysis and Findings for the Addendum................................................................................... 3

2.0 Project Description Summary............................................................................................................ 4

2.1 General Plan Land Use Element Amendment................................................................................................. 4

3.0 Environmental Checklist Adelanto North General Plan ...................................................................... 6

3.1 Project Description ......................................................................................................................................... 6

3.2 Approach to the Analysis................................................................................................................................ 6

3.3 Environmental Setting .................................................................................................................................... 7

3.4 Aesthetics...................................................................................................................................................... 12

3.5 Agriculture and Forestry Resources.............................................................................................................. 17

3.6 Air Quality ..................................................................................................................................................... 20

3.7 Biological Resources...................................................................................................................................... 28

3.8 Cultural Resources........................................................................................................................................ 36

3.9 Energy ........................................................................................................................................................... 40

3.10 Geology and Soils.......................................................................................................................................... 44

3.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions........................................................................................................................... 49

3.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials ................................................................................................................ 55

3.13 Hydrology and Water Quality ....................................................................................................................... 61

3.14 Land Use and Planning.................................................................................................................................. 69

3.15 Mineral Resources ........................................................................................................................................ 75

3.16 Noise ............................................................................................................................................................. 77

3.17 Population and Housing................................................................................................................................ 89

3.18 Public Services............................................................................................................................................... 92

3.19 Recreation..................................................................................................................................................... 97

3.20 Transportation ............................................................................................................................................ 100

3.21 Tribal Cultural Resources............................................................................................................................ 104

3.22 Utilities and Service Systems ...................................................................................................................... 108

3.23 Wildfire ....................................................................................................................................................... 117

4.0 Environmental Checklist – Adelanto South General Plan.................................................................120

4.1 Project Description ..................................................................................................................................... 120

4.2 Approach to the Analysis............................................................................................................................ 120

4.3 Environmental Setting ................................................................................................................................ 122

4.4 Aesthetics.................................................................................................................................................... 123

4.5 Agriculture and Forestry Resources............................................................................................................ 128

4.6 Air Quality ................................................................................................................................................... 131

4.7 Biological Resources.................................................................................................................................... 138

4.8 Cultural Resources...................................................................................................................................... 144

4.9 Energy ......................................................................................................................................................... 147

4.10 Geology and Soils........................................................................................................................................ 150

4.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions......................................................................................................................... 156

4.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials .............................................................................................................. 163

4.13 Hydrology and Water Quality ..................................................................................................................... 168

4.14 Land Use and Planning................................................................................................................................ 177 304
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | iii

4.15 Mineral Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 181

4.16 Noise ........................................................................................................................................................... 183

4.17 Population and Housing.............................................................................................................................. 195

4.18 Public Services............................................................................................................................................. 197

4.19 Recreation................................................................................................................................................... 202

4.20 Transportation ............................................................................................................................................ 205

4.21 Tribal Cultural Resources............................................................................................................................ 209

4.22 Utilities and Service Systems ...................................................................................................................... 214

4.23 Wildfire ....................................................................................................................................................... 223 Figures Figure 2.1 General Plan Amendment Areas ..................................................................................................... 5 Figure 3.1 General Plan Amendment Area No. 1.............................................................................................. 8 Figure 3.2 General Plan Amendment Area No. 2.............................................................................................. 9 Figure 3.3 General Plan Amendment Area No. 3............................................................................................ 10 Figure 3.4 General Plan Amendment Area No. 4............................................................................................ 11 Figure 3.16-1 Ambient Noise Measurement Locations ....................................................................................... 80 Figure 3.16-2 Area 1 Noise Contour..................................................................................................................... 83 Figure 3.16-3 Area 2 Noise Contour..................................................................................................................... 84 Figure 3.16-4 Area 3 Noise Contour..................................................................................................................... 85 Figure 3.16-5 Area 4 Noise Contour..................................................................................................................... 86 Figure 4.1 Proposed General Plan Land Use/Zoning Map Amendment....................................................... 121 Figure 4.16-1 Ambient Noise Measurement Locations ..................................................................................... 186 Figure 4.16.2 Area 5 Future Traffic Noise Contours .......................................................................................... 188 Figure 4.16.3 Area 6 Future Traffic Noise Contours .......................................................................................... 189 305
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | iv Tables Table 1.1 Summary of Prior CEQA Environmental Documents........................................................................... 1 Table 2.1 Summary of Land Use Map/Zoning Map Amendments...................................................................... 4 Table 3.6-1 Total Daily Emissions – Adelanto North 2035 Plan Buildout............................................................. 22 Table 3.6-2 Total Daily Emissions – Proposed Adelanto North General Plan Buildout........................................ 23 Table 3.11-1 Total GHG Emissions – Adelanto North 2035 Full Buildout............................................................... 53 Table 3.11-2 Total GHG Emissions – Proposed Adelanto North Full Buildout ....................................................... 53 Table 3.14-1 Adelanto North 2035 Plan Land Use ................................................................................................. 72 Table 3.14-2 Proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use ............................................................................ 72 Table 3.16-1 Project Area Ambient Noise Levels ................................................................................................... 79 Table 3.16-2 Existing Roadway Segment Impacts.................................................................................................. 81 Table 3.18-1 Student Generation – Adelanto North 2035 Buildout....................................................................... 94 Table 3.18-2 Student Generation – Proposed Adelanto North General Plan Buildout.......................................... 95 Table 3.22-1 Historic Groundwater Production ................................................................................................... 110 Table 3.22-2 Projected Water Supply .................................................................................................................. 111 Table 3.22-3 Adelanto North 2035 Plan Buildout Water Demand Estimate........................................................ 113 Table 3.22-4 Proposed North General Plan Buildout Water Demand Estimate .................................................. 113 Table 3.22-5 Adelanto North 2035 Plan Buildout Wastewater Flow Estimate .................................................... 115 Table 3.22-6 Proposed North General Plan Buildout Wastewater Flow Estimate............................................... 115 Table 4.6-1 Area 5 & 6 Total Operational Emissions Residential Land Use Comparison ................................... 133 Table 4.11-1 Area 5 & 6 Total GHG Emissions at Buildout per 1994 General Plan .............................................. 161 Table 4.16-1 Project Area Ambient Noise Levels ................................................................................................. 185 Table 4.16-2 Increase in Average Daily Trips and Increase in Noise Levels ......................................................... 190 Table 4.16-3 Typical Construction Equipment Noise Levels................................................................................. 191 Table 4.18-1 Approved vs. Proposed Project Buildout Student Generation........................................................ 199 Table 4.22-1 Historic Groundwater Production ................................................................................................... 218 Table 4.22-2 Water Supply Projected to 2045 ..................................................................................................... 219 Table 4.22-3 1994 General Plan Update Buildout Water Demand Estimate ....................................................... 220 Table 4.22-4 South 2035 General Plan Buildout Wastewater Flow Estimate ...................................................... 221 Table 4.22-5 Proposed South General Plan Buildout Wastewater Flow Estimate............................................... 221 Appendices Appendix A – Adelanto Land Use Element Update Air Quality/GHG Assessment Technical Memorandum, KPC EHS Consultants, LLC, Dated October 1, 2022
Appendix B – Adelanto Land Use Element Update Noise Assessment Technical Memorandum, KPC EHS Consultants, LLC, Dated October 1, 2022.
306

1.0 Introduction
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose and Background
This Addendum (the Project) is the First Addendum to the following:
 Final Environmental Impact Report, City of Adelanto General Plan Update (SCH #9408208), May 1995
 Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan Final Environmental Impact Report (SCH #20142031034), March 2014
This Addendum has been prepared by EPC Environmental Inc. on behalf of the City of Adelanto (City) in conformance with the California Environmental Quality Act (California Public Resources Code, §21000 et seq.) (CEQA), and the CEQA Guidelines (California Code Regulations, Title 14, Chapter 3 §15000 et seq.

1.2 Prior CEQA Documents
The City was incorporated in 1972. The City adopted its first General Plan in 1973. Since 1973, major amendments to the General Plan occurred in 1994 and 2014, and were addressed by the following Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs).

Table 1.1
Summary of Prior CEQA Environmental Documents
Prior CEQA Environmental Documents Date
Draft Program Environmental Impact Report, City of Adelanto General Plan Update August 1994 Final Program Environmental Impact Report, City of Adelanto General Plan Update, SCH #94082081
May 1995
Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan Draft Environmental Impact Report; State Clearinghouse Number 2014031034, Volumes I and II March 2014
Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan Final Environmental Impact Report, Volume III
May 2014
The adoption of the Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan resulted in the City having two separate General Plans described as follows. 307

1.0 Introduction
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 2 North of Holly Road
The Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan governs development of land north of Holly Road (Adelanto North 2035 Plan).

South of Holly Road
The Adelanto 1994 General Plan Update, May 1994, governs development of land south of Holly Road (Adelanto South General Plan).

1.3 CEQA Requirements for Use of an Addendum
The City’s consideration of the potential environmental impacts resulting from the Project is consistent with CEQA Guidelines §15164 and §15162, which state the following with respect to an Addendum to an EIR.

CEQA Guidelines §15164
• The lead agency or responsible agency shall prepare an addendum to a previously certified EIR if some changes or additions are necessary but none of the conditions described in Section 15162 calling for preparation of a subsequent EIR have occurred. • An addendum to an adopted negative declaration may be prepared if only minor technical changes or additions are necessary or none of the conditions described in Section 15162 calling for the preparation of a subsequent EIR or negative declaration have occurred. • An addendum need not be circulated for public review but can be included in or attached to the final EIR or adopted negative declaration.
• The decision-making body shall consider the addendum with the final EIR or adopted negative declaration prior to making a decision on the project. • A brief explanation of the decision not to prepare a subsequent EIR pursuant to Section 15162 should be included in an addendum to an EIR, the lead agency’s findings on the project, or elsewhere in the record. The explanation must be supported by substantial evidence.

CEQA Guidelines §15162
a) When an EIR has been certified or a negative declaration adopted for a project, no subsequent EIR shall be prepared for that project unless the lead agency determines, on the basis of substantial evidence in the light of the whole record, one or more of the following:
(1) Substantial changes are proposed in the project which will require major revisions of the previous EIR or negative declaration due to the involvement of new significant 308

1.0 Introduction
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 3 environmental effects or a substantial increase in the severity of previously identified significant effects;
(2) Substantial changes occur with respect to the circumstances under which the project is undertaken which will require major revisions of the previous EIR or Negative Declaration due to the involvement of new significant environmental effects or a substantial increase in the severity of previously identified significant effects; or (3) New information of substantial importance, which was not known and could not have been known with the exercise of reasonable diligence at the time the previous EIR was certified as complete or the Negative Declaration was adopted, shows any of the following:

A. The project will have one or more significant effects not discussed in the previous EIR or negative declaration;
B. Significant effects previously examined will be substantially more severe than shown in the previous EIR;
C. Mitigation measures or alternatives previously found not to be feasible would in fact be feasible, and would substantially reduce one or more significant effects of the project, but the project proponents decline to adopt the mitigation measure or alternative; or
D. Mitigation measures or alternatives which are considerably different from those analyzed in the previous EIR would substantially reduce one or more significant effects on the environment, but the project proponents decline to adopt the mitigation measure or alternative.
b) If changes to a project or its circumstances occur or new information becomes available after adoption of a negative declaration, the lead agency shall prepare a subsequent EIR if required under subdivision (a). Otherwise, the lead agency shall determine whether to prepare a subsequent negative declaration, an addendum, or no further documentation.

When only some changes or additions to a previously certified EIR are necessary and none of the conditions described in CEQA Guidelines §15162 are met, CEQA allows the lead agency to prepare an addendum to a previously certified EIR (CEQA Guidelines §15164(a)).

1.4 Summary of Analysis and Findings for the Addendum
Based upon the analysis of potential environmental consequences anticipated to occur as a result of Project implementation, the City has determined that the Project would not result in new significant environmental effects or a substantial increase in the severity of significant effects previously identified in the prior EIRs. For these reasons, the Project would not satisfy any of the conditions that warrant preparation of a Supplemental or Subsequent EIR. Therefore, as Lead Agency, the City has determined that preparation of an Addendum is appropriate. (See Section 3.0, Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North 2035 Plan and Section 4.0, Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan and analysis for justification.) 309

2.0 Project Description Summary
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 4

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION SUMMARY

2.1 General Plan Land Use Element Amendment
As noted in Section 1.0, Introduction, the City has two separate General Plans described as follows:
• The Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan General Plan governing development of land north of Holly Road (Adelanto North 2035 Plan), and • The Adelanto General Plan Update, May 1994 governing development of land south of Holly Road (Adelanto South General Plan).

The City is proposing to amend the General Plan Land Use Elements for both General Plan areas.

The whole of the Project involves six focused areas identified in Figure 2.1, General Plan Amendment Areas. The purpose of the Project is to revert industrial land back to its prior land use designation of Manufacturing-Industrial (M-I) that was amended in 2014, and to increase the residential density for certain single-family land from R-1 SFR to RS-5 to assist in providing housing opportunities per the Housing Element.

Table 2.1
Summary of Land Use Map/Zoning Map Amendments
Area Acres Proposed Land Use/Zoning Amendment
1 40 From Single Family Residential (R1, 4 du/ac) to Single Family Residential (RS-5, 5 du/ac) 2 990 From Business Park (BP) to Manufacturing Industrial (MI) From Light Manufacturing (LM) to Manufacturing Industrial (MI) From Commercial (C) to Manufacturing Industrial (MI)
3 73 From Mixed Use (MU) to Manufacturing Industrial (MI) 4 3 From Mixed Use (MU) to Manufacturing Industrial (MI) 5 525 From Single Family Residential (R1, 4 du/ac) to Single Family Residential (RS-5, 5 du/ac) 6 1,041 From Single Family Residential (R1, 4 du/ac) to Single Family Residential (RS-5, 5 du/ac) Total 2,672
The proposed amendments to the Land Use Elements for both General Plans would not authorize any specific development project or other form of land use approval or any kind of public facilities or capital facilities expenditures or improvements. Any future development proposed will be subject to CEQA review on a project-by-project basis.
310

2.0 Project Description Summary
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 5 Figure 2.1
General Plan Amendment Areas
311

3.0 Environmental Checklist – Adelanto North General Plan Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 6

3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST

ADELANTO NORTH GENERAL PLAN

3.1 Project Description
The Project is a component of General Plan Amendment No. 22-05 and encompasses an area north of Holly Road as shown in Figure 2.1, General Plan Amendment Areas.

3.2 Approach to the Analysis
This impact evaluation provides the basis for determining whether the amendment to the Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainability Plan Land Use Map (“Project”) would have any significant environmental impacts that were not previously addressed in the Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainability Plan Final EIR certified by the City of Adelanto in March 2014 (SCH No. 2010041078).

The Project is evaluated based on its potential effect on the environmental topics contained in Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. Each of the environmental topics addressed in this Addendum is analyzed by responding to a series of questions pertaining to the impact of the Project on the particular topic. Based on the results of the Impact Analysis, the effects of the Project are then placed in one of the following four categories, which are each followed by a summary to substantiate the factual reasons why the impact was placed in a certain category.

New Potentially Significant Impact New Mitigation Required Reduced Impact No New Impact This column indicates whether there
are substantial changes in
circumstances under which the
Project is undertaken that have
occurred subsequent to the previous
EIR that would result in the current
Project having new significant
environmental impacts that were not
considered in the prior document or
having substantial increases in the
severity of previously identified
significant impacts, thus triggering
the need to a Supplemental or
Subsequent EIR.

This column indicates that minor
changes to the mitigation
measures contained in the
previous EIR are required to
ensure that the impacts remain
less than significant.

This column indicates
that changes in CEQA
requirement or
changes in environmental conditions or
circumstances have
reduced impacts as
compared to the
previous EIR.

This column indicates
that the level of
environmental impact
remains the same as
identified in the
previous EIR.

Changes in CEQA Analysis Requirements
The California Supreme Court concluded in the California Building Industry Association vs. Bay Area Air Quality Management District (CBIA vs. BAAQMD) case that “CEQA generally does not require an 312

3.0 Environmental Checklist – Adelanto North General Plan Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 7 analysis of how existing environmental conditions will impact a project’s future users or residents.” The Court held that “agencies subject to CEQA generally are not required to analyze the impact of existing environmental conditions on a project’s future users or residents. But when a proposed project risks exacerbating those environmental hazards or conditions that already exist, an agency must analyze the potential impact of such hazards on future residents or users. In those specific instances, it is the project’s impact on the environment – and not the environment’s impact on the project – that compels an evaluation of how future residents or users could be affected by exacerbated conditions.”
As a result of this case, there are instances where an impact analyzed in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, may have been identified as a “significant and unavoidable” impact or a “less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated,” but said impact is no longer considered a significant impact under current CEQA requirements. For example, elevated noise or air quality impacts from stationary or mobile sources to residential development may have been identified as an impact under 2014 CEQA requirements, but is no longer an impact now.

3.3 Environmental Setting
CEQA Guidelines §15125 establishes requirements for defining the environmental setting to which the environmental effects of a proposed project must be compared. The environmental setting is defined as “…the physical environmental conditions in the vicinity of the project, as they exist at the time the Notice of Preparation is published, or if no Notice of Preparation is published, at the time the environmental analysis is commenced…” (CEQA Guidelines §15125[a]). Because a Notice of Preparation was not required, the environmental setting for the Project is June 1, 2022, which is the date that the Project’s environmental analysis commenced. 313

3.0 Environmental Checklist – Adelanto North General Plan Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 8 Figure 3.1
General Plan Amendment Area No. 1
314

3.0 Environmental Checklist – Adelanto North General Plan Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 9 Figure 3.2
General Plan Amendment Area No. 2
Light Manufacturing (LM) to Manufacturing Industrial (MI) 315

3.0 Environmental Checklist – Adelanto North General Plan Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 10 Figure 3.3
General Plan Amendment Area No. 3
316

3.0 Environmental Checklist – Adelanto North General Plan Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 11 Figure 3.4
General Plan Amendment Area No. 4
317

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.4 Aesthetics
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 12

3.4 Aesthetics
Except as provided in Public Resources Code Section
21099, would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ b) Substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of public views of the site and its surroundings? (Public views are those that are experienced from publicly
accessible vantage point). If the project is in an urbanized area, would the project conflict with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.4.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.4.A & B Impacts to scenic vistas and resources will be less than significant with implementation of existing General Plan policy, existing standards, and proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan policy.

3.4.C Impacts to the visual character and quality of the Planning Area will be less than significant with implementation of proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan policies.

3.4.D Impacts due to light and glare will be less than significant with implementation of existing zoning standards.

3.4.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

3.4.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
OS 1.3 Preserve views of the desert landscape and existing topography and landforms including Shadow Mountains.

OS 1.3 Prevent impacts to the scenic value of the Shadow Mountains by requiring development near the mountains to be designed in the context of preserving views. Future development within the Project Area will be subject to design and environmental review pursuant to the City’s local development review procedures and CEQA requirements.

Through the implementation of adopted policies and the policies of the Comprehensive Sustainable Plan, impacts to scenic vistas and resources will be less than significant. 318

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3.4 Aesthetics
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 13

3.4.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures As described in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, impacts related to aesthetics were determined to be less than significant and no mitigation measures were identified.

No substantial changes in the environment related to aesthetics will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts, and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.4.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.4 (a) Adverse Effect on Scenic Vista
Implementation of the proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (North Land Use Element Update) is not expected to degrade views of scenic resources in the City. At full buildout, development in many parts of the City would intensify urban development in currently undeveloped areas. Many of the scenic resources are outside the City limits and beyond the planning area boundary.

The General Plan indicates the City contains the following important visual and aesthetic resources:
• Shadow Mountains
• Mojave River
• Undeveloped land within the City’s limits not intended for urban uses The City’s Open Space and Conservation Element incorporates two state-mandated general plan elements to help protect local natural resources, including viewsheds and other aesthetics resources. With incorporation of the City’s General Plan Elements, Policies, Ordinances, Building Codes, and the Housing Element Update, impacts on scenic vistas is less than significant.

3.4 (b) Substantially Damage Scenic Resources
Implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update would not result in damage to any historic buildings or significant rock outcroppings or degrade resources within a State Scenic Highway.

The City is committed to preserving the environment and its natural resources, which are important to the heritage, character, economy, and overall quality of life of the community. The City’s goal is that scenic corridors and viewsheds are preserved and protected from change that would diminish the aesthetic value. Policies and actions in the General Plan express the City’s vision for balanced growth and ensure that new development is integrated into the natural topography. Adherence to the design standards of the City’s ordinances and commercial design guidelines and implementation of the policies of the General Plan would ensure that future development that would be accommodated by the General Plan would be developed in a manner that would not cause significant impacts on scenic resources. New projects would be required to preserve viewsheds and 319

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3.4 Aesthetics
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 14 view corridors. Impacts of the proposed North Land Use Element Update are considered to be less than significant.

3.4 (c) Degrades Visual Character
Implementation of the North Land Use Element Update could substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of the Project Area. Future development would be required to implement the General Plan’s goals, programs, and policies, and would be subject to design review consistent with the City Specific Plans, Subdivision, Grading, and Development Codes. Thus, negative impacts to visual character would be less than significant.

3.4 (d) Source of Light and Glare
Sources of light and glare exist within the confines of the City, including building lighting (interior and exterior), security lighting, sign illumination, and parking-area lighting. These sources are mostly associated with the multi-family residential, commercial, and industrial uses. Single-family, rural, and semirural residential development spread across the valley are also sources of nighttime light.

Other sources of nighttime light and glare include streetlights and vehicular traffic along roadways.

Additionally, some ambient lighting exists from surrounding communities and roadways.

The proposed North Land Use Element Update would allow for future development of currently undeveloped parcels and alteration, intensification, and redistribution of some existing land uses.

Because the City and surrounding area are largely undeveloped, the lighting associated with improvements and structures of future development projects could increase nighttime light and glare within the City. Portions of the City would be developed with more light-intensive land uses under the proposed North Land Use Element Update (e.g., conversion of vacant land or underutilized areas into residential uses). Sources of light and glare from new development or redevelopment would include lighting needed to provide nighttime street and building illumination, security lighting, nighttime traffic, sign illumination, and lighting associated with construction activities.

Undeveloped portions of the City; redevelopment of underutilized areas; and replacement, expansion, or refurbishment of existing development in other areas would introduce new sources of light and glare that may adversely affect daytime or nighttime views and may impact sensitive biological resource areas such as wildlife corridors, open space, and conservation areas.

All future development projects that would be accommodated by the proposed North Land Use Element Update would be required to comply with California’s Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings (Title 24, Part 6, of the California Code of Regulations), which outlines mandatory provisions for lighting control devices and luminaires. 320

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Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 15 All outdoor lighting is required to be designed and installed to comply with §17.90.040 - Lighting, of the Zoning Ordinance1 which stipulates:
“Except for residential light fixtures using less than a 75-watt bulb, the following shall apply to all outdoor lighting fixtures:
(a) All on-site lighting shall be energy efficient, stationary, and directed away from adjoining properties and public rights-of-way.
(b) Light fixtures shall be shielded so no light is emitted above the horizontal plane of the bottom of the light fixture.
(c) Light fixtures shall be shielded so no light above 0.5 footcandle spills over onto adjacent properties and rights-of-way. There shall be no spillover (0.0 footcandle) onto adjacent residential used or zoned properties.”
Adherence to City regulations and implementation of the policies of the General Plan would ensure that light and glare from new development and redevelopment projects accommodated by the proposed North Land Use Element Update would be minimized and that significant impacts would not occur.

3.4.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
As described in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, impacts related to aesthetics were determined to be less than significant, and no mitigation measures were identified.

No substantial changes in the environment related to aesthetics will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts, and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.4.7 Conclusion
Development in the City has the potential to impact visual and scenic resources. Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts related to Scenic Vistas, Scenic Resources, Visual Character, and Light and Glare that were not identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.

The Adelanto North 2035 Plan and related implementing actions established goals and policies for future residential, mixed-use, manufacturing, and industrial development throughout the Project Area. The General Plan did not authorize any site-specific land-altering activities or any particular development project, infrastructure improvement, or community facility and thus will have no direct impact on current views. Future development projects will be constructed in light of the policies of the General Plan, adopted General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures, and policies. 1 Zoning Ordinance.
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3.4 Aesthetics
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 16 The proposed land use changes are to restore land use designation and zoning to the pre-Adelanto North 2035 Plan conditions. as such there will be no changes that would increase impacts on aesthetics, including scenic vistas, scenic resources, visual character, and light and glare that were not considered in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.
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3.5 Agriculture and Forestry Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 17

3.5 Agriculture and Forestry Resources
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps
prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to non‐
agricultural use?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act contract? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code Section
12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Code Section 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code Section 51104(g))?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non‐forest use? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
e) Involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland, to non‐agricultural use or conversion of forest? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.5.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.5.A Implementation of the proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and concurrent General Plan Amendment, Zone Change, and design guidelines will not result in impacts to farmland.

3.5.B Implementation of the proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions will not result in any Williamson Act Contract impacts or conflict with agricultural zoning.

3.5.C&D No impact will occur to existing zoning for forest land or timberland as a result of the Comprehensive Sustainable Plan. No impact will occur as a result of loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to a non-forest use as a result of implementation of the Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and concurrent General Plan Amendment, Zone Change, and design guidelines.

3.5.E Implementation of the proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions will not result in other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland to non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use.
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3.5 Agriculture and Forestry Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 18

3.5.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

3.5.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
There are no General Plan Policies regarding agricultural resources.

3.5.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures The Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR determined that impacts related to agricultural resources were less than significant, and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.5.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.5 (a) Conversion of Farmland
No areas in the City or its Sphere of Influence (SOI) are designated by the California Department of Conservation as Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance. Land within the Planning Area is classified as Grazing Land, Urban and Built-up Land, and Other Land.

The City of Adelanto does not have any land within its jurisdictional boundaries or within its unincorporated Sphere of Influence (SOI) that is designated Important Farmland by the California Department of Conservation (CDC). All portions of the Project Area are comprised of either Desert Scrub habitat or developed/disturbed lands. Therefore, implementation of the proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (North Land Use Element Update) and implementing actions will not result in any impacts related to farmland.

3.5 (b) California Land and Conservation Act (Williamson Act) There is no agricultural zoning designation in the City’s Municipal Code, nor does the City’s Land Use/Zoning Map show any areas for agricultural activities. However, the San Bernardino County Development Code establishes both Agriculture (AG) and Resource Conservation (RC) Land Use Zoning Districts. The County zoning map does not identify any areas designated Agriculture (AG) within the Adelanto SOI. The County zoning map identifies an area of land to the northwest designated as Resource Conservation (RC). The City of Adelanto zoning map identifies this same area as Desert Living (DL). Agricultural uses are permitted on County land with a Resource Conservation (RC) designation.

The County does not have any Williamson Act contracts within the city limits or within Adelanto’s unincorporated Sphere of Influence. Future Williamson Act contracts are not anticipated because no agriculturally zoned land exists. Implementation of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan and implementing actions will not result in any impacts.
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3.5 Agriculture and Forestry Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 19

3.5 (c, d, e) Rezone of Conversion of Forest Land or Timberland There are no forest resources within Adelanto. Adelanto is in a desert area classified by the U.S.

Department of Agriculture as “Non-forest,” based on California Forest Inventory and Analysis survey information. Additionally, there are no timberland resources or timberland zoned “Timberland Production” within the City of Adelanto or its Sphere of Influence.

3.5.6 New Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to agricultural, forestry, or timberland resources will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.5.7 Conclusion
Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts related to Agriculture and Forestry Resources that were not identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.
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3.6 Air Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 20

3.6 Air Quality
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is nonattainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard?
☐ ☐ ☒ ☐
c) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant
concentrations? ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐
d) Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) affecting a substantial number of people? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.6.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.6.A & B The proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and concurrent implementing actions will not conflict with the Air Quality Management Plans or violate any air quality standard or contribute to any existing violation or increase any criteria pollutant for which the area is non-attainment; thus program-level criteria pollutant emissions impacts will be less than significant.

3.6.C The proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan has the potential to result in the exposure of sensitive receptors to pollutant emissions associated with industrial uses.

However, potential impacts can be addressed at the project level. Impacts will be less than significant with adherence to proposed Plan Implementing Programs.

3.8.D The proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan has the potential to result in the exposure of receptors to odors from industrial uses; however, potential impacts can be addressed at the project level. Impact will be less than significant with incorporation of proposed Plan Implementing Programs.

3.6.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.

3.6.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
OS 6.1 Pursue efforts to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions by promoting the use of renewable energy (e.g., solar and wind power), and implement effective energy conservation and efficiency measures.
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Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 21 OS 6.3 Require projects that generate potentially significant levels of air pollutants and odors to incorporate the most effective air quality mitigation into project design, as feasible.

OS 7.1 Minimize vehicle emissions by reducing automobile use and encouraging alternative means of transportation, including transit, walking, and biking.

OS 7.2 Support programs that decrease vehicle emissions by increasing the number of housing units located near jobs and transit, and encouraging commuting via transit, walking, and bicycling; thereby decreasing vehicle miles traveled (VMT).

OS 7.3 Purchase fuel efficient vehicles and equipment for the City’s fleet and equipment, whenever feasible.

3.6.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures As described in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, impacts related to air quality were determined to be less than significant with implementation of existing and proposed policies, standards, regulations, and implementing programs and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.6.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.6 (a & b) Conflict with Air Quality Plan
Conformity with Air Quality Management Plans
The Project area is located within the Mojave Desert Air Basin and under the jurisdiction of the Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District. Under the Federal Clean Air Act the Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District (MDAQMD) has adopted a variety of attainment plans (i.e., Air Quality Management Plans) for a variety of non-attainment pollutants. A complete list of the various air quality management plans is available from the Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District located at 14306 Park Avenue, Victorville, CA 92392 or on their website at:
https://www.mdaqmd.ca.gov/rules/overview.

The MDAQMD is responsible for maintaining and ensuring compliance with the various Air Quality Management Plans. Conformity is determined based on the following criteria:
1) A project is non-conforming if it conflicts with or delays implementation of any applicable attainment or maintenance plan. A project may also be non-conforming if it increases the gross number of dwelling units, increases the number of trips, and/or increases the overall vehicle miles traveled in an affected area (relative to the applicable land use plan). 2) A project is conforming if it complies with all applicable Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District rules and regulations, complies with all proposed control measures that are not yet adopted from the applicable plan(s), and is consistent with the growth forecasts in the applicable plan(s) (or is directly included in the applicable plan). 327

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Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 22 Construction Emissions
The proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (proposed North Land Use Element Update) and implementing actions do not authorize any development or other landaltering activity that could result in construction-related emissions. Potential emissions due to future construction activities would be assessed in conjunction with the City’s routine review of site-specific air quality and GHG emissions studies and mitigation measures recommended as appropriate. This will occur in the project planning process, prior to project approval, for projects subject to review under CEQA, and this will provide an adequate mechanism to require special measures to mitigate potentially significant air quality and GHG impacts o f the proposed North Land Use Element Update.

Operational Emissions
Operational emissions were estimated by using the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) version 2013.2.2 for the Adelanto North 2035 Plan and version 2020.4.0 for the proposed North Land Use Element Update. CalEEMod is a statewide land use emissions computer model designed to provide a uniform platform for government agencies to quantify potential criteria pollutant emissions associated with both construction and operations emissions. CalEEMod is authorized for use to assess project emissions by the MDAQMD. Operations emissions include stationary (residence emissions), mobile (transportation emissions), and area (ongoing architectural coatings, consumer product use, landscaping maintenance emissions).

Table 3.6-1 Total Daily Emissions – Adelanto North 2035 Plan Buildout and Table 3.6-2 Total Daily Emissions – Adelanto North General Plan Buildout provide the estimated emissions of the Project area under the existing approved land uses and the proposed North Land Use Element Update.

Table 3.6-1
Total Daily Emissions – Adelanto North 2035 Plan Buildout Source
ROG NOX CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
(pounds per day)
Summer
Area Sources 22,062.15 179.06 13,059.37 30.46 1,548.05 1,547.53 Energy Demand 98.32 883.58 675.92 5.36 67.93 67.93
Mobile Sources 2,205.345 5,254.49 28,613.45 86.22 3,764,989.25 375,374.64 Summer Total 24,365.91 6,317.12 42,348.75 122.01 3,766,605.23 376,990.10 Winter
Area Sources 22,062.15 179.06 13,059.37 30.44 1,548.05 1,547.53 Energy Demand 98.32 883.58 675.92 5.36 67.93 67.93
Mobile Sources 2,072,96 5,446.98 27,404.55 79.06 3,764,989.75 375,375.10 Winter Total 24,233.43 6,509.62 41,139.85 114.86 3,766,605.73 376,990.56 Source: MIG | Hogle-Ireland. Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Assessment.

December 2013
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Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 23 Table 3.6-2
Total Daily Emissions – Proposed Adelanto North General Plan Buildout Source
ROG NOX CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
(pounds per day)
Summer
Area Sources 3,190.14 24.35 2,113.74 0.11 11.74 11.74
Energy Demand 100.75 907.50 707.59 5.50 69.61 69.61
Mobile Sources 1,517.36 1,638.774 13,428.21 31.10 4,028.73 1,086.92 Summer Total 4,808.25 2,570.63 16,248.54 36.70 4,110.10 1,168.27 Winter
Area Sources 3,190.14 24.35 2,112.74 0.11 11.74 11.74
Energy Demand 100.75 907.50 707.59 5.50 69.61 69.61
Mobile Sources 1,138.70 1,751.10 11,909.21 28.44 4,028.73 1,086.92 Winter Total 4,529.60 2,682.92 14,729.54 34.05 4,110.10 1,168.27 Source: Adelanto North General Plan Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memo, KPC EHS Consultants, September 2022.

As indicated in the tables, the total daily operational emissionsfrom the Project Area will be reduced as a result of the effectiveness of regulatory programs along with the proposed North Land Use Element Update.

Consistency with Control Measures
The Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District (MDAQMD) maintains a set of Rules & Regulations to improve and maintain healthy air quality for the entire population within its jurisdiction. When developing new regulations, the MDAQMD must comply with complex procedures established by statutes in federal and state codes. The following are some of the Rules that would apply to future construction of residential development.

Rule 201 Permit to Construct A person shall not build, erect, install, alter or replace any equipment, the use of which may cause the issuance of air contaminants or the use of which may eliminate, reduce or control the issuance of air contaminants without first obtaining written authorization for such construction from the Air Pollution Control Officer. A permit to construct shall remain in effect until the permit to operate the equipment for which the application was filed is granted or denied, or the application is canceled.

Rule 203 Permit to Operate A person shall not operate or use any equipment, the use of which may cause the issuance of air contaminants or the use of which may reduce or control the issuance of air contaminants, without first obtaining a written permit from the Air Pollution Control Office. The equipment shall not be operated contrary to the conditions specified in the permit to operate.

Rule 204 Permit Conditions To assure compliance with all applicable regulations, the Air Pollution Control Officer may impose written conditions on any permit. Commencing 329

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Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 24 work or operation under such a permit shall be deemed acceptance of all the conditions so specified.

Rule 1113 Architectural Coatings. The purpose of this rule is to limit the quantity of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in Architectural Coatings.

Projects within the City are required to comply with the MDAQMD rules, regulations, and control measures; therefore, the Project is consistent with Criterion 1. Consistency with Growth Forecasts According to MDAQMD California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) And Federal Conformity Guidelines February 2020, Table 2-MDAQMD Attainment Plans, the applicable air quality planning documents for the Basin are as follows.
 MDAQMD Federal 75 ppb Ozone Attainment Plan (Western Mojave Desert Nonattainment Area), adopted February 27, 2017.
 Federal 8-hour ozone (75 ppb) Western Mojave Desert Nonattainment Area (MDAQMD portion) NOx and VOC 2027 Federal 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Plan (Western Mojave Desert Nonattainment Area) adopted June 9, 2008.
 2004 Ozone Attainment Plan (State and Federal) adopted April 26, 2004.  Attainment Demonstration, Maintenance Plan, and Redesignation Request for the Trona Portion of the Searles Valley PM10 Nonattainment Area, adopted March 25, 1996.  Triennial Revision to the 1991 Air Quality Attainment Plan, Adopted January 22, 1996.  Mojave Desert Planning Area Federal Particulate Matter Attainment Plan adopted July 31, 1995.
 Post 1996 Attainment Demonstration and Reasonable Further Progress Plan; Adopted October 26, 1994.
 Reasonable Further Progress Rate-of Progress Plan, adopted October 26,1994; and  1991 Air Quality Attainment Plan adopted August 26, 1991.

The MDAQMD’s Attainment Plans are based on several assumptions, of which population may be one of the factors. Factors used to generate emission projections may include, for example, the number of days an air quality standard is exceeded, the number and type of stationary sources (e.g., types of industries) the condition of roadways (e.g., paved or unpaved), the amount of construction and demolition activity, vehicle miles traveled, and meteorology. The California Air Resources Board (CARB), also disseminates the following types of Emissions Data for use by Air Districts for preparing Attainment Plans:
 Annual Statewide Emissions Summaries for mobile, stationary, and areawide.  Facility Emissions Data for individual facility emissions by region, industrial sector, or name.  Regional Emission Summaries for the state, air districts, air basins, counties, and by neighborhood.
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Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 25  Neighborhood Emissions Data mapping with the Community Health Air Pollution Information System and Regional Emission Summaries.
 Trends in Emissions for historical data and future years.

As such, a project would result in development that results in greater than anticipated growth projections, would not necessarily result in an inconsistency that may obstruct or conflict with the MDAQMD Attainment Plans based on an increase in population.

The MDAQMD is geographically the second largest of the state’s 35 air districts. The District encompasses 20,000+ square-miles and includes Adelanto, Apple Valley, Blythe, Barstow, Hesperia, Lucerne valley, Needles, Spring Valley Lake Twenty-Nine Palms, Victorville, and Yucca Valley. The current population is approximately 600,000.2 The population of Adelanto is 36, 588 with 3.85 persons per household as of January 1, 2022.3 Accordingly, the population of Adelanto accounts for 6% percent of the population in the MDAQMD. The proposed Project would increase Adelanto’s population by approximately 154 persons, which represents a 0.026% increase in the District’s population. As such, the direct Project related population growth in the City would not be substantial and would be within MDAQMD’s planning projections used for the Attainment Plans.

3.6 (c) Sensitive Receptors
The proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (North Land Use Element Update) and related implementing actions would not authorize any specific construction; however, future development projects constructed pursuant to land use policies could potentially expose sensitive receptors to temporary, localized pollutant concentrations in excess of air quality standards, even if the broader region is in attainment. Examples include emissions of fugitive dust and vehicle and machinery exhaust during large-scale grading activities and roadway construction.

Under limited circumstances, large-scale construction activities could result in emissions of fugitive dust, nitrogen oxides, and other criteria pollutants that could exceed MDAQMD daily thresholds of significance and thereby could result in a significant impact. Emissions of fugitive dust near sensitive receptors are a primary concern because, unlike gaseous pollutants that quickly rise and affect the upper atmosphere, particulate matter tends to remain close to the ground.

Pursuant to CEQA and implementation of the MDAQMD Rule Book, individual development projects will be assessed to determine if potential emissions could impact sensitive receptors or otherwise violate air quality rules. Such analyses will include project-specific mitigation measures, as appropriate. Furthermore, future construction activities will be subject to routine control measures as required by MDAQMD (Rules 402, 403, and 1113). It should be noted that MDAQMD does not provide guidance regarding analysis of localized criteria pollutant impacts; therefore, future construction projects may be assessed for localized criteria pollutant impacts on a case-by-case basis under the purview of the City.
2 MDAQMD website at: https://www.mdaqmd.ca.gov/rules/overview, accessed October 5, 2022. 3 E-5 Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State, 2020-2022. 331

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Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 26

3.6 (d) Odors
Land uses that have the potential to generate substantial odor complaints include wastewater treatment plants, landfills or transfer stations, composting facilities, confined animal facility, and food manufacturing and chemical plants.

The City has designated zoning for industrial development, primarily to accommodate warehousing, manufacturing, and other light industrial land uses. These developments would be required to comply with MDAQMD Rule 402. However, additional measures may be necessary to prevent an odor nuisance. Therefore, industrial land uses associated with the General Plan may generate a potentially significant odor impact to a substantial number of people.

Future residential, commercial, and industrial development associated with buildout of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan would involve minor odor-generating activities, such as lawn mower exhaust, application of exterior paints for building improvement, and cooking odors (e.g., restaurants). However, unlike industrial land uses, these land uses are not considered potential generators of odor that could affect a substantial number of people. Therefore, impacts from potential odors generated from residential, commercial, and industrial land uses associated with the General Plan are considered less than significant.

During construction activities, construction equipment exhaust and application of asphalt and architectural coatings would temporarily generate odors. Any construction-related odor emissions would be temporary and intermittent in nature. Additionally, noxious odors would be confined to the immediate vicinity of the construction equipment. By the time such emissions reach any sensitive receptor sites, they would be diluted to well below any level of air quality concern.

Furthermore, short-term construction-related odors are expected to cease upon the drying or hardening of the odor-producing materials. Therefore, impacts associated with constructiongenerated odors are considered less than significant

3.6.6 New Additional Mitigation Measures
As described in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, impacts related to air quality were determined to be less than significant and no mitigation measures were identified.

No substantial changes in the environment related to air quality will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.6.7 Conclusion
Development in the City has the potential to impact air quality. Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts related to air quality that 332

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3.6 Air Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 27 were not identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR. The land use changes will reduce air emissions impacts as indicated in Section 3.6.5, Proposed Project Impact Analysis.

The General Plan and related implementing actions established goals and policies for future residential, mixed-use, manufacturing, and industrial development throughout the Project Area.

The General Plan did not authorize any site-specific land altering activities or any particular development project, infrastructure improvement, or community facility and thus will have no direct impact on current air quality. Future development projects will be constructed in light of the policies of the General Plan, adopted General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures, and policies.

The proposed land use changes are to restore land use designation and zoning to the pre-Adelanto North 2035 Plan conditions. as such there will be no changes that would increase impacts on air quality that were not considered in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR. 333

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3.7 Biological Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 28

3.7 Biological Resources
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a
candidate, sensitive, or special‐status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with
established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
e) Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
f) Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat
Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat
conservation plan?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.7.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.7.A & B Impacts to special status species and their habitat and riparian or other sensitive natural communities resulting from implementation of the Comprehensive Sustainable Plan, General Plan Amendment, Zone Change, and design guidelines will be less than significant with adherence to the proposed Plan Implementing Programs.

3.7.C Less than significant impacts to Fremont Wash and smaller ephemeral drainages will occur as a result of implementation of the Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions with adherence to proposed Plan Implementing Programs.

3.7.D No impact to the Mojave River wildlife corridors or any wildlife nurseries will occur as a result of implementation of the Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions.
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Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 29

3.7.E The proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions would not conflict with other existing local policies, regulations, or standards. No impacts would occur.

3.7.F Future development within the proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan Project Area would be subject to the Western Mojave Plan and the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan. Impacts will be less than significant with implementation of proposed Plan Implementing Programs.

3.7.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

3.7.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
CO 2.1 The County will coordinate with state and federal agencies and departments to ensure that their programs to preserve rare and endangered species and protect areas of special habitat value, as well as conserve populations and habitats of commonly occurring species, are reflected in reviews and approvals of development programs.

CO 2.3 In addition to conditions of approval that may be required for specific future development proposals, the County shall establish long-term comprehensive plans for the County’s role in the protection of native species because preservation and conservation of biological resources are statewide, Regional, and local issues that directly affect development rights. The conditions of approval of any land use application approved with the Biotic Resources (BR) overlay district shall incorporate the mitigation measures identified in the report required by Section 82.13.030 (Application Requirements), to protect and preserve the habitats of the identified plants and/or animals.

CO 2.4 All discretionary approvals requiring mitigation measures for impacts to biological resources will include the condition that the mitigation measures be monitored and modified, if necessary, unless a finding is made that such monitoring is not feasible.

OS 1.1 Designate open space areas to preserve natural desert landscape and habitat.

OS 1.2 Preserve drainages and washes in their natural state or limit concrete-lined channels to protect the community from flooding hazards and enhance conservation.

CO 1.3 Preserve views of the desert landscape and existing topography and landforms including Shadow Mountains.

OS 2.1 Survey and map potential habitat for sensitive biological resources, including specialstatus plant and wildlife species and sensitive natural communities. 335

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3.7 Biological Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 30 OS 2.2 Develop a habitat conservation plan that establishes a mitigation banking program and habitat preserve aimed at protecting sensitive biological resources and native habitat area.

OS 2.3 Ensure that new development and major transportation projects minimizes encroachment into sensitive desert habitats, and minimize direct or indirect impact to sensitive biological resources while optimizing the potential for mitigation.

3.7.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures The Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR determined that impacts related to biological resources were less than significant and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.7.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.7 (a) Endangered and Threatened Species / 3.9 (b) Riparian and Other Sensitive Communities The Project Area is primarily vacant with opportunity to support native wildlife or special status species. Impacts to special status species would be considered significant if the proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (North Land Use Element Update) converts open space areas or other vacant areas to developable areas that have a reasonable potential for a special status species occurrence. A reasonable potential for occurrence includes relatively recent sightings and presence of appropriate habitat.

The proposed North Land Use Element Update will maintain designated Open Space areas that contain the highest quality habitat and support special-status species. Development supported by the proposed North Land Use Element Update will directly and indirectly affect other plants and wildlife that would potentially result in loss of prey, species diversity, or other resources that resident or migratory species may use. Development of lands around existing desert communities will adversely affect native resident and migratory species. Increases in human population are expected to result in additional effects to the buffer habitat between the urban and open space.

Consequential to the development, additional direct and indirect impacts to protected species may result from increased populations of domestic and resulting feral populations of dogs and cats.

Development related to the implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update within the desert scrub habitats of the Project Area could potentially result in the loss of desert tortoise, Mohave ground squirrel, and Swainson’s hawk (not listed on CNDDB) and their associated habitat. These species have been designated as “Threatened” under the California Endangered Species Act. In addition, direct and indirect impacts to burrowing owl, ferruginous hawk, California horned lark, Loggerhead shrike, Le Conte’s thrasher, and pallid San Diego pocket mouse may occur.

Ferruginous hawk was not observed within the Project Area during the site survey. However, it was determined that the species has the potential to occur within the Planning Area. These species are listed by the CDFW as Species of Special Concern or on the Watch List. 336

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3.7 Biological Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 31 Development related to the implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update within all habitats of the Project Area could potentially result in the direct impacts to active bird nests and nestlings. Some of the bird species that nest within the Planning Area are covered by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and all nests are protected under the Fish and Game Code, and considered both independently and cumulatively significant. To minimize impacts to these species, the proposed North Land Use Element Update includes the following Implementing Programs.

Implementing Program OS-35 requires preparation of biological assessments for individual development projects to determine occurrences of special status species or habitat and to recommend mitigation measures in the event that special status species are observed. Examples of project-level mitigation include relocation, on-site conservation, off- site banking, and avoidance.

Implementing Program OS-22 requires that future development projects within desert scrub habitats consult with the USFWS and CDFW to determine the need for desert tortoise surveys, qualified biologist monitor all construction activities, a workers environmental awareness program (WEAP) training regarding desert tortoise shall be provided to all personnel who will be within the work areas, and that work areas with high desert tortoise numbers be fenced off. All work activities shall cease if desert tortoises are found within fenced off areas. Implementing Program OS-23 requires that a qualified ornithologist conduct pre-construction surveys within one mile of the proposed project site for nesting Swainson’s hawks. Nest trees shall not be removed unless avoidance measures are determined to be infeasible. To compensate for the loss of foraging habitat for Swainson’s hawks, Habitat Management (HM) land shall be provided depending on the distance between the proposed project area and the nearest active nest site. Implementing Program OS-24 requires the preparation of pre-construction surveys in addition to three protocol level surveys for burrowing owls in conformance with CDFW guidelines. In the event that burrowing owls occupy the site and avoidance is infeasible, habitat compensation on off-site mitigation lands shall be required.

Implementing Program OS-25 requires that a qualified biologist determine the suitability of the project site to support burrowing owl, ferruginous hawk, California horned lark, Loggerhead shrike, Le Conte’s thrasher and pallid San Diego pocket mouse. Avoidance and minimization measures shall be implemented as needed. Implementing Program OS-26 requires surveys for active nests if the site disturbance activities will occur during the bird breeding season and the implementation of buffer areas around active nests. Implementing Program OS-27 requires that a qualified biologist conduct florist surveys for the thirteen special-status plant species that have potential to occur in the Project Area. Project-level mitigation shall be implemented as needed.

Potential impacts to special status species and their habitats caused by future development provided for by the Plan will be less than significant with implementation of existing policies and programs.

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3.7 Biological Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 32 the California Department of Fish and Wildlife evaluate the petition and submit a written evaluation with a recommendation to the Commission, which was received at the Commission’s April 2020 meeting.

On September 22, 2020, the Commission determined that Threatened listing may be warranted pursuant to Fish and Game Code (FGC) §2074.2 of the, and therefore western Joshua tree became a Candidate species, and the Department undertook a one-year status review. The process is still underway at the time of the preparation of this Addendum. The Fish and Game Commission meets in October of 2022 and may determine at that time as to what action (if any) is needed for protection of Joshua trees. Until a final determination is made, the WJT is afforded protection under the California Endangered Act and can only be removed with the approval of a Take Permit issued by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). If the WJT is added to the Endangered Species List, then future projects would be required to obtain a Take Permit as detailed below. If the WJT is not listed, the species will be protected by Implementing Program OS-35 which provides for City enforcement of Title 8, Division 9 of San Bernardino County Code which requires that every Joshua Tree Proposed for Removal be inspected by the Local Jurisdiction to assure the Joshua tree is not a “specimen” class tree requiring preservation and transplantation.

3.7 (c) Jurisdictional Waters or Resources
Plan implementation may directly and indirectly affect State and Federal protected waters. The Planning Area supports primarily isolated waters that are not within the jurisdiction of agencies regulating compliance with the Clean Water Act. However, the Fremont Wash has potential to be Waters of the U.S., dependent on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) determination. The ephemeral desert washes found in the Planning Area are all waters of the State and development may impact these directly or indirectly.

Section 401 of the Clean Water Act requires an applicant to obtain certification for any activity that m ay result in a discharge of a pollutant into waters of the United States. As a result, proposed fill in waters and wetlands require coordination with the appropriate state Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) that administers Section 401 and provides certification. The RWQCB also plays a role in review of water quality and wetland issues, including avoidance and minimization of impacts. Section 401 certification is required prior to the issuance of a Section 404 permit, as discussed below.

Under Section 404 of the CWA the US Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) has jurisdiction over “Wetlands” and “Waters of the United States.” Permitting of activities that could discharge fill or dredge materials or otherwise adversely modify wetlands or other waters of the United States and associated habitat is required. Permits authorized by ACOE under the Act typically involve mitigation to offset unavoidable impacts on wetlands and other waters of the United States in a manner that achieves no net loss of wetland acres or values.
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3.7 Biological Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 33 The proposed North Land Use Element Update includes Implementing Program OS-28, which requires that a qualified biologist survey the areas to be impacted for future projects to determine impacts to hydrological features. With implementation of Implementing Program OS-28, impacts will be less than significant.

3.7 (d) Wildlife Corridors
The proposed North Land Use Element Update and implementing actions do not include any land use policies or circulation changes that could fragment the Mojave River and impede its use as local or migratory wildlife corridors. There are no wildlife nurseries in the Planning Area. No impacts will occur.

3.7 (e & f) Conflicts with a Local Policies or other Conservation Plans Local Polices or Ordinances
The General Plans for San Bernardino County (County Wide Plan) and the City of Adelanto include policies to protect natural resources that include habitat and sensitive species. Implementation of the proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions will not conflict with any County or City policies, regulations, or standards designed to protect biological resources. The proposed Plan includes the following policies that are designed to preserve native habitat and sensitive biological resources by designating open space areas, preserving drainages and washes in their natural state to the extent feasible, and developing a Habitat Conservation Plan. No impact could occur.

Habitat Conservation Plan or Natural Community Conservation Plan Adelanto is within the Western Mojave Plan area; however, the City of Adelanto is not a signatory.

Currently, the Western Mojave Plan is only applicable to public lands. Three BLM-managed lands are located within the northwestern portion of the City and outside the Adelanto North General Plan Project Area. One parcel is located at the northwest corner of Adelanto, designated for open space, and the other two are located in the north, designated for Desert Living. Future development on the two Desert Living parcels would be subject to the comprehensive strategy to conserve and protect sensitive plant and animal species and their natural communities. Implementing Program OS-29 of the proposed Plan requires that the three BLM-managed parcels (or any future BLM parcels) located within the Project Area implement conservation strategies laid out in the Western Mojave Plan. Impacts will be less than significant with implementation of Implementing Program OS-29.

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3.7 Biological Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 34 project, future energy projects would be required to comply with the provisions of the DRECP. The Plan supports conservation of habitat and sensitive species and would not conflict with implementation of the DRECP. Impacts will be less than significant.

3.7.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
The following mitigation measure provides additional detail for compliance with Implementing Program OS-35.

Mitigation Measure: Western Joshua Tree Incidental Take Permit. If any western Joshua trees (WJT) are to be relocated, removed, or otherwise taken, the Project Proponent shall obtain an incidental take permit (ITP) from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA) (California Fish and Game Code §2081), prior to the relocation, removal, or take. (California Fish and Game Code §86 defines "take" as "hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill, or attempt to hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill") of western Joshua tree, a Candidate for Threatened CESA-listed species. Take of any CESA-listed species is prohibited except as authorized by state law (Fish and Game Code, §2080 & §2085).

Permanent protection and perpetual management of compensatory habitat is necessary and required pursuant to CESA to fully mitigate project-related impacts of the taking of CESA-listed species. CDFW recommends permanent protection through either the purchase of conservation or mitigation bank credits or the establishment of a conservation easement, development of a long-term management plan, and securing funding sufficient to implement management plan tasks in perpetuity. These tasks should be completed, or financial security must be provided before starting any Project activities. To execute an ITP, CDFW requires documentation of CEQA compliance. CDFW requires the CEQA document have a State Clearing House number, show proof of filing fees, and proof the document has been circulated.

No substantial changes in the environment related to biological resources will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts the new mitigation measure required for Joshua Tree incidental take impacts will be less than significant.

3.7.7 Conclusion
Development in the City has the potential to impact biological resources. At a programmatic level, the City requires all future development to protect biological resources. Implementing existing Programs and Policies as well as required regulations and new mitigation for Joshua Tree incidental take will ensure the protection of biological resources to be mitigated to less than significant levels.

Given required compliance with local and state regulations and implementation of the proposed Implementing Programs, impacts associated with development supported by the proposed Plan and implementing actions will be less than significant.

The proposed North Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new residential, commercial, or industrial development. Therefore, the proposed 340

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3.7 Biological Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 35 changes would not affect biological resources. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning biological resources has been discovered since the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR certification. Thus, implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning biological resources than anticipated in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, with the new Joshua Tree incidental take mitigation.
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3.8 Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 36

3.8 Cultural Resources
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to §15064.5? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to §15064.5? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ c) Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.8.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.8.A Impacts to historic resources will be less than significant with incorporation of proposed implementing programs and implementation of existing policies and regulations.

3.8.B & D Impacts to archaeological resources and human remains will be less than significant with incorporation of proposed implementing programs and implementation of existing policies and regulations.

3.8.C Impacts to paleontological resources will be less than significant with incorporation of implementing programs.

3.8.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

3.8.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
CUL 1.3 The city will place developers responsible for the destruction of historic and archaeologically significant resources on file with the County of San Bernardino and the State of California, Office of Historic Preservation.

CUL 1.4 The city will require that all archeological resources, historic or prehistoric be evaluated in accordance with CEQA regulations and appropriate California guidelines prior to the adoption of mitigation measures and the acceptance of conditions of approval and required permit approvals.

OS 10.1 Identify, protect, and minimize impacts to archaeological and paleontological resources.

OS 10.2 Review proposed development for the possibility of cultural resources and for compliance with the cultural resources program.
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3.8 Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 37

3.8.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures The Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR determined that impacts related to cultural resources were less than significant and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.8.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.8 (a) Historical Resources
Treatment of Historic Properties. Historic structures and sites that are eligible for National Register of Historic Resources listing may be vulnerable to development activities associated with buildout.

Historical resources are buildings, structures, objects, sites, and districts of significance in history, archaeology, architecture, and culture. These resources include intact structures of any type that are 50 years or more of age, which are sometimes called the built environment and can include, in addition to houses, structures such as irrigation works and engineering features. Historical resources are preserved because they provide a link to a region’s past and a frame of reference for a community. Often these sites are a source of pride for a city.

There is one property in the Project Area that has been determined eligible for the NRHP and is therefore considered a historical resource under CEQA. The Edison Company Kramer-Victory Transmission Line (P-36-010316) is a linear feature that runs adjacent to US 395. The records search further identified two historic-era residences in the town center area (P-36- 021620 and P-36- 021621) that have been recorded, but not evaluated for historic significance. US 395 (P-36-007545) was also found ineligible for the NRHP but was not evaluated for state or local significance. A review of historic USGS topographic maps identified areas in the Planning Area with potential for historicera Buildings, Structures, and Objects (BSOs). Although more recent modern development has occurred in outlying areas to the west and south, the early development of Adelanto occurred primarily in the town center area, and following the establishment of George Air Force Base, expanded westward across US 395. Additional early development occurred less frequently in the areas outside of the town center, connected by a series of roads. These areas have not been comprehensively surveyed and buildings or structures of historic age that may qualify as historical resources pursuant to CEQA may also exist.

At the time development or redevelopment projects are proposed, the project-level CEQA document would need to identify impacts to known or potential historic sites and structures. The CEQA Guidelines require a project that will have potentially adverse impacts on historical resources to conform to the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historical Properties.

Implementation of the existing General Plan Policies included as part of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan provides protection and preservation of Historical Resources, and impacts of the proposed Adelanto North Land Use Element Update (North Land Use Element Update) are less than significant.
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3.8 Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 38

3.8 (b) Archaeological Resources
Long-term development and redevelopment, including grading, of sensitive areas could impact archaeological resources. Thus, there is a potential to uncover archaeological resources within the City during development activities.

The land within the City has the potential to yield archaeological resources or tribal cultural resources from past Native American activities. State regulations requires consultation with local Native American tribal groups under both SB 18 and AB 52. Implementation of the existing Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies along with Tribal Consultation provides protection and preservation of Archaeological Resources, and impacts of the proposed North Land Use Element Update are less than significant.

3.8 (c) Paleontological Resources
There is a potential to uncover undiscovered paleontological resources in City of Adelanto. contains geologic formations known potentially to contain paleontological resources. Future development of vacant land throughout the City may uncover previously undiscovered fossiliferous materials, so this impact is potentially significant.

With implementation of the identified Adelanto North 2035 Plan goal policies, plus the regulatory requirements of the state, potential impacts to paleontological resources from future development within the City will be reduced to less than significant levels.

3.8 (d) Disturbance of Human Remains
Long-term implementation of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan would allow development and redevelopment, including grading, of sensitive areas, possibly disturbing human remains, including those outside of formal cemeteries. Existing regulations, including the California Public Resources Code §5097.98, Health and Safety Code §7050.5, Public Resources Code §21083.2 and CEQA Guidelines §15064.5(f) are required and would afford protection for human remains discovered during development activities. In addition, review and protection are afforded by CEQA for projects subject to discretionary action, particularly for activities that could potentially disturb human remains. SB 18 requires consultation regarding Native American sites and artifacts, but the potential for project-level impacts to unidentified and unrecorded tribal cultural places remains moderate to high. The excavation and grading activities of the proposed project could result in impacts to human remains. However, Public Resources Code §5097.98, Health and Safety Code §7050.5, Public Resources Code §21083.2 and CEQA Guidelines §15064.5(f), mandates the process to be followed in the event of a discovery of any human remains. Impacts to human remains would be less than significant.
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3.8 Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 39 Post Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR Certification Thresholds Since the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR certification, CEQA Guidelines Appendix G has been revised to include a new Tribal Cultural Resources threshold; refer to Section 4.17, Tribal Cultural Resources, for further discussion.

3.8.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to cultural resources with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.8.7 Conclusion
Development in the City has the potential to impact historic, archaeological, paleontological, and tribal cultural resources. At a programmatic level, the City requires all future development to protect cultural resources, including archaeological, historical, and paleontological materials or artifacts.

Implementing existing Programs and Policies will ensure the protection of historic resources by requiring that a records search be performed prior to construction activities affecting historical resources and by requiring that impacts to historic resources be mitigated to less than significant levels. Given required compliance with local and state regulations and implementation of the proposed Implementing Programs, impacts associated with development supported by the proposed North Land Use Element Update and implementing actions will be less than significant.

The existing General Plan policies, outlined above, will provide sufficient programmatic protection for undiscovered archaeological resources or artifacts that may be present within the City.

Additionally, consultation and coordination with local Native American tribal representatives prior to grading for future development is a regulatory requirement, therefore impacts related to these resources will be reduced to less than significant levels, and no new mitigation is required.

The proposed North Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose, the construction of new residential, commercial, or industrial development. Therefore, the proposed changes would not affect cultural resources. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning cultural resources has been discovered since the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR certification. Thus, implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning cultural resources than anticipated in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, and no new mitigation is required. 345

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3.9 Energy
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 40

3.9 Energy
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.9.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions The CEQA Energy section was not implemented and added to the CEQA environmental review until 2019 (§15126.2(b)). The Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR contained an analysis of long-term effects that included Energy Conservation in section 6.3 and summarized below.

Short-term energy demand would result from development construction pursuant to implementation of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan and concurrent General Plan Amendment, Zone Change, and design guidelines. This would include energy demand from worker and vendor vehicle trips and construction equipment usage. Long-term energy demand would result from operation of various development types pursuant to implementation of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan and implementing actions would typically include energy demand from vehicle trips, electricity and natural gas usage, and water and wastewater conveyance.

Construction‐Period Energy Use
The Adelanto North 2035 Plan and implementing actions will not directly result in construction of any development or infrastructure; however, future development supported by the policies of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan will result in short-term energy demand. Short-term energy demand will occur during site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, and painting activities associated with new development. Energy demand results from use of equipment, worker, vendor, and hauling trips.

Operational Energy Use
The Adelanto North 2035 Plan and implementing actions will not directly result in operation of any development or infrastructure; however, future development supported by the policies of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan will result in long-term energy demand. Long-term energy demand will occur primarily from mobile sources, electricity and natural gas use, and water and wastewater. 346

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3.9 Energy
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 41 Mobile Sources
Mobile source energy demand primarily is associated with individual vehicle energy demand and therefore gasoline and diesel fuel primarily as well as electricity increasingly for electric vehicles.

Mobile source energy demand may also be associated with public transportation such as buses and trains associated with natural gas, diesel fuel, or electricity. Of all operational energy demands, the Adelanto North 2035 Plan seeks most to reduce the energy demand of mobile sources through improved land use and circulation network planning to reduce reliance on individual vehicles and promote use of public transportation as well as non-motorized transportation such as walking and biking. By seeking to reduce the amount of individual vehicle usage, the Adelanto North 2035 Plan would achieve reductions in mobile source operational energy demand.

Electricity and Natural Gas Use
Electricity and natural gas would be required to provide energy to the proposed development of residential, commercial, industrial and other land uses provided for in the proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan. All new development and redevelopment would be subject to current CBC requirements for building energy efficiency. In addition, the Adelanto North 2035 Plan encourages energy conservation for development, including facilitating green building standards and LEED (or similar) certification. Other opportunities would also continue to be available to existing and new development to incorporate energy saving features or renewable energy sources into buildings.

Water and Wastewater
Electricity will indirectly be required to treat and convey water to and convey wastewater away from development that implements the Adelanto North 2035 Plan. Pursuant to the City’s landscape irrigation requirements and the Water Conservation in Landscaping Act, outdoor water use will continue to be regulated for new development to plan landscaping accordingly and conserve water.

3.9.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.

3.9.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
While there are no General Plan policies identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, energy conservation regulations were identified.

Future development will be subject to state water efficiency regulations pursuant to the California Building Code (CBC) that will reduce long-term project energy demand. These requirements would reduce wasteful, inefficient, and unnecessary consumption of energy over the long-term. 347

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3.9 Energy
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 42 Pursuant to the 2010 CBC ALGREEN requirements, the project will be subject to the following requirements:
• 20 percent reduction in water demand (5.303.2)
• 20 percent reduction in wastewater discharges (5.303.4)

3.9.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.9 (a) Wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation:

Electricity and Natural Gas
Construction – Future development under the proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (North Land Use Element Update) would require the use of electric power tools.

The consumption of electricity would be temporary in nature and would not represent a significant demand on available supplies. The use of natural gas is not typically anticipated to be used during construction.

Operations – Occupancy of the residential, commercial, and industrial facilities would result in the consumption of natural gas and electricity. Natural gas would be supplied to the Project by Southwest Gas Corporation and electricity would be supplied by SCE. The North Land Use Element Update does not propose uses that are inherently energy intensive, and the energy demands in future development would be comparable to other land use projects of similar scale and configuration. Future development under the proposed North Land Use Element Update will also be required to comply with the applicable Title 24 standards.

Motor Vehicle Fuels
Construction – Most activities would use fuel powered equipment and vehicles that would consume gasoline or diesel fuel. Heavy construction equipment (e.g., dozers, graders, backhoes, dump trucks) would be diesel powered, while smaller construction vehicles, such as pick-up trucks and personal vehicles used by workers would be gasoline powered.

The consumption of fuel would be temporary in nature and would not represent a significant demand on available supplies. As required by state law,4 idling times of construction vehicles is limited to no more than 5 minutes, thereby minimizing, or eliminating unnecessary and wasteful consumption of fuel due to unproductive idling of construction equipment. Equipment employed in construction of future developments under the proposed North Land Use Element Update would therefore not result in inefficient wasteful, or unnecessary consumption of fuel.

Operations – Fuel that would be consumed by Project‐generated traffic is a function of total vehicles miles traveled (VMT) and estimated vehicle fuel economies of vehicles accessing the Project Area. 4 California Code of Regulations Title 13, Motor Vehicles, §2449(d)(3) Idling. 348

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.9 Energy
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 43 Enhanced fuel economies realized pursuant to federal and state regulatory actions, and related transition of vehicles to alternative energy sources (e.g., electricity, natural gas, biofuels, hydrogen cells) would likely decrease future gasoline fuel demands per VMT.

3.9 (b) State or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency Residential Projects
The regulations directly applicable to the Project are Building Energy Efficiency Standards, Title 24, Part 6, and CALGreen Title 24, Part 11. These regulations include but are not limited to the use of energy efficient heating and cooling systems, water conserving plumbing and water-efficient irrigation systems. Future development under the proposed North Land Use Element Update is required to demonstrate compliance with these regulations as part of the building permit and inspection process.

Non-residential Projects
The regulations directly applicable to the Project are Building Energy Efficiency Standards, Title 24, Part 6, CALGreen Title 24, Part 11. As an element of both Part 6 and Part 11 non-residential buildings over 10,000 square feet are required to undergo commissioning which includes design review, commissioning plan, functional performance testing to demonstrate the correct installation and operation of each component system and system-to-system interface prior to occupancy. These regulations include but are not limited to the use of energy efficient heating and cooling systems, water conserving plumbing and water-efficient irrigation systems. Future development under the Plan is required to demonstrate compliance with these regulations as part of the building permit and inspection process.

3.9.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to energy will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.9.7 Conclusion
The proposed North Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new development. No new information of substantial importance concerning energy has been discovered since the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR certification. Thus, Project implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning recreation than anticipated in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, and no mitigation is required.
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3.10 Geology and Soils
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 44

3.10 Geology and Soils
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving:
i) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist‐Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning
Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42.
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
ii) Strong seismic ground shaking? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
iii) Seismic‐related ground failure, including liquefaction? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ iv) Landslides? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ c) Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and
potentially result in on‐ or off‐site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18‐1‐B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating direct or indirect substantial risks to life or property?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
e) Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative waste water disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of waste water?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
f) Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.10.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.10.A.i No impacts to people and structures resulting from the potential rupture of regional faults will occur.

3.10.A.ii Impacts to life and property resulting from earthquakes will be less than significant with implementation of the city’s existing standards and regulations.

3.10.A.iii Impacts to life and property resulting from seismically induced liquefaction or settlement will be less than significant with implementation of the city’s existing standards and regulations.
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3.10 Geology and Soils
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 45

3.10.A.iv Impacts to life and property within the Shadow Mountains and Shadow Hills portions of the Planning Area related to seismically induced landslides will be less than significant with implementation of existing standards and regulations.

3.10.B Impacts related to wind-blown soil erosion and loss of topsoil will be less than significant.

3.10.C Impacts related to ground failure will be less than significant with implementation of existing city policies and regulations.

3.10.D Impacts related to expansive soils will be less than significant with implementation of existing city regulations.

3.10.E Impacts related to soils and septic systems will be less than significant.

3.10.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

3.10.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
Safety 1.2/1.7 The City will ensure that all appropriate construction and safety standards are incorporated into all new development.

Safety 1.9 The City will restrict development in those areas where slope exceeds fifteen (15) percent and in those areas subject to flooding.

Safety 1.10 Any development which is proposed in the Mojave Corridor (an area susceptible to liquefaction) will be required to complete a site-specific geologic study.

Safety 1.11 The City will require all proposed developments to submit a soils and geologic report prepared by a certified geologist which shall include mitigation if any geologic hazards are identified.

3.10.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures The Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR determined that impacts related to geology and soils were less than significant and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.10.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.10 (a) Exposure to Adverse Effects of Earthquakes
Each development project considered for approval by the City under the proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (North Land Use Element Update) would be required to comply with seismic safety provisions of the California Building Code (CBC) (Title 24, Part 2 of the California Code of Regulations) and have a geotechnical investigation conducted for the affected project site. The geotechnical investigation would calculate seismic design parameters pursuant to 351

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.10 Geology and Soils
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 46 CBC requirements and would include foundation and structural design recommendations, as needed, to reduce hazards to people and structures arising from ground shaking. Impacts would be less than significant.

3.10 (b) Soil Erosion and Loss of Topsoil
Grading and construction of development and redevelopment projects could expose large amounts of soil and could result in soil erosion if effective erosion control measures were not used. Best management practices (BMPs) for erosion control are required under National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) regulations pursuant to the federal Clean Water Act. NPDES requirements for construction projects one acre or more in area are set forth in the General Construction Permit issued by the State Water Resources Control Board (SRWCB; Order No. 2009- 0009- DWQ).

New development within the City is required to prepare a site-specific Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP). The WQMP contains post-construction measures, which will help reduce potential impacts to soil erosion to less than significant levels and identifies measures to treat and/or limit the entry of contaminants into the storm drain system.

Furthermore, demolition, land clearing, grading, and construction activities of projects approved pursuant to the proposed General Plan would be required to comply with Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District Rules 403 and 403.2 regulating fugitive dust emissions, thus minimizing wind erosion from such ground-disturbing activities. Construction activities would not generate substantial erosion. Soil erosion impacts would be less than significant.

3.10 (c,d) Unstable and Expansive Soils
Subsidence
Land subsidence is a gradual settling or sudden sinking of the earth’s surface due to subsurface movement of earth materials. More than 80 percent of identified subsidence in the United States is caused through overdrafting of groundwater. Drainage of organic soils, underground mining, natural compaction, and thawing of permafrost can also cause subsidence. Similar to collapse and settlement, subsidence causes large areas of land to sink, thereby potentially damaging foundations, walls, and floors.

Soil Collapse
Collapsible soils consist of loose, dry, low-density materials that collapse and compact with the addition of water or excessive loading. Such soils are typical in areas of young alluvial fans, debris flow sediments, and aeolian deposits. Collapse occurs when subsurface soils are excessively saturated at levels deeper than those reached by an average rainfall and the clay bonds holding the soil grains together are eliminated. Collapse can result in cracked foundations, floors, and walls. 352

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.10 Geology and Soils
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 47 Collapse could occur within the Project Area in any area dominated by young alluvial sediments and could be exacerbated by human activities such as excessive irrigation.

Expansive Soils
Expansive soil and rock are characterized by the shrinking and swelling of clayey material as the materials dry or become wet. Shrink-swell potential is the potential for volume change in a soil with a loss or gain in moisture. Volume change occurs mainly because of the interaction of clay minerals with water and varies with the amount and type of clay minerals in the soil. The size and the load on the soil and the magnitude of the change in soil moisture content influence the amount of swelling of soils in place. If shrink-swell potential is rated moderate to very high, damage to buildings, roads, and other structures may occur. Special building design is often needed to counteract the impacts of expansive soils.

The Adelanto North 2035 Plan and implementing actions will not directly subject people or structures to hazards associated with expansive soils because it does not authorize any construction project, any development plan, or any other land alteration activities. The majority of the eastern portion of the Project Area is underlain by Bryman series soils that are subject to moderate shrinkswell potential and applies to much of the Project Area. Expansive soils could impact low density residential development in the northeast portion of the Project Area and industrial development through the Airport Development District, Business Park, and Light Manufacturing designations located along the eastern portion of the Project Area. Impacts associated with expansive soils are generally structurally related, including cracked walls and foundations.

Soils testing to determine expansive characteristics are required for new development, pursuant to CBC and future iterations of the CBC. Mitigation of expansive conditions is also required and must be fully defined in the routine grading permit process. The city will continue to administer these CBC regulations, and any updates thereto, for all new development in the Project Area. This ongoing regulatory program will avoid significant impacts involving expansive soils.

3.10 (e) Septic Systems
The proposed North Land Use Element Update Project Area consists of approximately 26,600 acres.

Only 4,700 acres are readily serviced by public sewer improvements. The remaining acres are either undeveloped or operate with private septic systems.

The use of septic systems is allowed for residential use if the property is farther than 500 feet from a public sewer main, has a project density less than two dwelling units per acre, has a ground slope of less than 30 percent, and meets minimum soil percolation rates. In the absence of those conditions, the city requires connection to the public sewer system. All commercial development is required to connect to the sewer system.
353

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3.10 Geology and Soils
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 48 In general, soil conditions within the Project Area are suitable for installation of septic tanks. The Cajon and Hellendale series soils located in the central and western portion of the Project Area feature rapid permeability and thus well-performing septic tank absorption fields. The Bryman and Lavic series soils feature moderate to moderately slow permeability and require design considerations for septic tanks to operate properly. Permeability problems can be overcome by increasing the size of the septic tank absorption field or by placing the filter tile below the moderately or moderately slow permeable layer. Soils in the Project Area are suitable for use of septic tanks; impacts will be less than significant.

Paleontological Resources
Paleontological Resources is covered in Section 10 – Cultural Resources.

3.10.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to geology and soils with the land use changes have been identified that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.10.7 Conclusion
The proposed North Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new residential development. The North Land Use Element Update includes the existing goals, programs and policies to guide new development. Therefore, the proposed changes would not affect the potential exposure to seismic or geologic hazards. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning seismic or geologic hazards has been discovered since the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR certification. Thus, implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning seismic or geologic hazards than anticipated in the Adelanto North Plan FEIR, and no new mitigation is required.
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3.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 49

3.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the
environment?
☐ ☐ ☒ ☐
b) Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.11.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Conclusions

3.11.A &B The proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions will be consistent with the state Scoping Plan and the San Bernardino County Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan and thus will not substantially contribute to global climate change impacts.

3.11.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

3.11.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
LC 4.5 Seek energy demand reductions in both residential buildings and large industrial and commercial buildings, where reductions by a single user could have a large effect.

PR 4.7 Require lighting equipment to be designed to light parks and trails without creating light intrusion on residential uses and natural habitat areas, and to minimize impact on dark, desert skies.

OS 3.5 Require all new development to provide site design and building orientation that take into account passive solar design to reduce heating and cooling loads through energyefficiency strategies.

PF 9.1 Require new municipal construction to achieve Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) certification and all existing municipal facilities to achieve LEED certification wherever feasible.

OS 3.3 Require new residential development to be designed to support solar panels.

OS 3.2 Require new warehousing, manufacturing, industrial, and large commercial retail buildings to be designed to accommodate future rooftop solar panel systems. 355

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3.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 50 LC 15.5 Require trees and landscaping materials along all streetscapes, and cluster trees in public gathering places.

WQ 1.1 The City will require that development be designed and constructed to conserve water utilizing low flow irrigation and plumbing fixtures and facilities.

WQ 1.5 The City will require that all new development utilize water conservation techniques to conserve water resources, such as the use of low-flow irrigation and plumbing systems in new and existing development.

OS 4.1 Require the use of water conserving appliances and fixtures in new development per CALGreen building requirements.

PF 1.5 Require developers to minimize water use through the use of efficient irrigation methods, drought tolerant plants, and water re-use systems.

PR 2.3 Require developers to construct recycled water systems and connect to the existing infrastructure.

3.11.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures As described in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, impacts related to greenhouse gas emissions were determined to be less than significant and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.11.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.11 (a, b) Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Greenhouse Gas Plans The City has not adopted quantitative significance thresholds for assessing impacts related to GHG emissions. The MDAQMD has adopted a threshold of 100,000 MTCO2e per year for land development projects. However, this threshold is intended to apply to individual projects, rather than long-term programs. In the 2017 Scoping Plan, CARB recommends that local governments aim to achieve emissions of no more than 6 MTCO2e per capita by 2030 and no more than 2 MTCO2e per capita by 2050. The horizon year for the General Plan Update is 2040; therefore, the project is compared to an adjusted screening level of 4 MTCO2e per capita for 2040.

CEQA Guidelines §15183.5 states that a lead agency may determine that a project’s incremental contribution to a cumulative effect is not cumulatively considerable if the project complies with the requirements in a previously adopted mitigation program, or plan for the reduction of GHG emissions. Per CEQA Guidelines §15064(h)(3), a project’s incremental contribution to a cumulative impact can be found not cumulatively considerable if a project would comply with an approved plan or mitigation program that provides specific requirements that will avoid or substantially lessen the cumulative problem within the geographic area of a project. To qualify, such a plan or program must be specified in law or adopted by the public agency with jurisdiction over the affected resources through a public review process to implement, interpret, or make specific the law enforced or administered by the public agency (CCR, Title 14, §15064(h)(3)). Examples of such programs include 356

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 51 a “water quality control plan, air quality attainment or maintenance plan, integrated waste management plan, habitat conservation plan, natural community conservation plan, [and] plans or regulations for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions” (CCR, Title 14, §15064(h)(3)).

Even in the absence of clearly defined thresholds for GHG emissions, the law requires that an agency makes a good faith effort to disclose the GHG emissions from a project and mitigate to the extent feasible whenever the lead agency determines that a project contributes to a significant, cumulative climate change impact. Regardless of which threshold(s) are used, the agency must support its analysis and significance determination with substantial evidence (CEQA Guidelines, §15064.7). The CEQA Guidelines recommends considering certain factors, among others, when determining the significance of a project’s GHG emissions, including the extent to which a project may increase or reduce GHG emissions as compared to the existing environment; whether a project exceeds an applicable significance threshold; and extent to which a project complies with regulations or requirements adopted to implement a reduction or mitigation of GHGs.

According to CAPCOA, “GHG impacts are exclusively cumulative impacts; there are no noncumulative GHG emissions impacts from a climate change perspective.” Due to the complex physical, chemical and atmospheric mechanisms involved in global climate change, there is no basis for concluding that a single project’s increase in annual GHG emissions would cause a measurable change in global GHG emissions necessary to influence global climate change.

Section 15064.4(b) of the CEQA Guidelines states that “in determining the significance of a project’s greenhouse gas emissions, the lead agency should focus its analysis on the reasonable, foreseeable incremental contribution of a project’s emissions to the effects of climate change. A project’s incremental contribution may be cumulatively considerable even if it appears relatively small compared to statewide, national or global emissions.” The Project is a planning document, the approval of which would not directly result in the development of land uses and would not directly result in GHG emissions. Future GHG emissions may result from new development that could occur from adoption of the proposed General Plan update. This assessment quantifies GHG emissions from such new development under buildout conditions of the proposed General Plan update.

Although GHG emissions have been quantified as discussed under the Methodology and Assumptions subsection below, neither CARB, SCAQMD, nor the City has adopted quantitative significance thresholds. In the absence of any adopted quantitative threshold, the determination of whether new development that could occur from adoption of the proposed General Plan update would result in a cumulatively considerable contribution to the cumulative impacts of global climate change is based on the following.
• If the Project would conflict with (and thereby be inconsistent with) the applicable GHG emissions reduction plans, policies, and regulations, which include the emissions reduction measures included within CARB’s Climate Change Scoping Plan; SCAG’s 2020-2045 RTP/SCS; and the City’s CAP energy efficiency goals and strategies. 357

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3.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 52 The Carson City Council approved the Energy Efficiency Chapter of the City’s CAP (City Council Resolution No. 15 111) on October 7, 2015. Therefore, the CAP is an applicable plan with specific requirements that will avoid or substantially lessen GHG emissions.

Construction and operation of future development would generate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with the majority of energy consumption (and associated generation of GHG emissions) occurring during operation (as opposed to during its construction) of future land uses. Typically, more than 80 percent of total operational energy consumption takes place during the use of a building, and less than 20 percent of energy is consumed during construction. As of yet, there is no study that quantitatively assesses all of the GHG emissions associated with each phase of the construction and use of an individual development. Overall, the construction and operational activities associated with new development could directly or indirectly contribute to the generation of GHG emissions.

GHG emissions associated with future new development would occur over the short-term from construction activities and would consist primarily of emissions from equipment exhaust. There would also be long-term regional emissions associated with specific project-related new vehicular trips and stationary source emissions, such as natural gas used for heating and electricity usage for lighting. There are no established GHG thresholds at present for construction emissions.

Long-term operation of the proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (North Land Use Element Update) would generate GHG emissions from area and mobile sources and indirect emissions from stationary sources associated with energy consumption. Mobile-source emissions of GHGs would include project-generated vehicle trips associated with residential and commercial activities. Area-source emissions would be associated with activities such as landscaping and maintenance of proposed land uses, natural gas for heating, and other sources. Increases in stationary-source emissions would also occur at off-site utility providers as a result of demand for electricity, natural gas, and water by the proposed uses. In addition, methane generated from wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal.

Human activities contribute to increasing concentrations of GHG in the atmosphere. Measures to reduce potential impacts of criteria air pollutants, which indirectly also help reduce GHG emissions, are included throughout the City’s General Plan, the Adelanto North 2035 Plan, and the proposed North Land Use Element Update. In addition to the Air Quality Element, the Land Use & Planning Element; the Population & Housing Element; the Transportation Element; the Hydrology and Water Quality Element; and the Utilities and Service Systems Element include policies and programs to reduce GHG emissions and help slow the progression of climate change. The policies listed above in Section 3.11.3 are specifically related to minimizing GHG emissions to the greatest degree practical.

Table 3.11-1 below summarizes the operational annual GHG emissions resulting from the full buildout of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan Land Use. The Adelanto North 2035 Plan was estimated 358

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3.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 53 to generate approximately 1,552,179.17 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e) greenhouse gases.

Table 3.11-1
Total GHG Emissions – Adelanto North 2035 Full Buildout Source
GHG Emissions
(Metric Tons per Year)
CO2 CH4 N2O
Total
(MTCO2e/year)
Area 37,848.23 45.99 0.53 38,979.84
Energy 492,581.64 17.88 6.25 494,895.12
Mobile 787,977.78 21.81 0.00 788,435.82
Solid Waste 36,211.82 2,140.06 0.00 81,153.02
Water/Wastewater 122,819.77 903.88 22.30 148,715.39
Total 1,477,439.24 3,129.62 29.09 1,552,179.17
Source: MIG | Hogle-Ireland. Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment.

December 2013
Note: Slight variations may occur due to rounding.

Tables 3.11-2 below summarizes the operational annual GHG emissions resulting from the full buildout of the proposed North Land Use Element Update. The proposed plan was estimated to generate approximately 974,345.83 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e) greenhouse gases. This is a decrease of approximately 577,833.34 MTCO2e per year. The reductions in GHG have been achieved through lower mobile and area emission due to compliance with regulations in GHG emissions standards and mitigation subsequent to the estimates from the Adelanto North 2035 Plan and decreases due to mobile and area emissions with reductions in Mixed Use land use designations.

Table 3.11-2
Total GHG Emissions – Proposed Adelanto North Full Buildout Source
GHG Emissions
(Metric Tons per Year)
CO2 CH4 N2O
Total
(MTCO2e/year)
Area 312.00 0.30 0.00 319.51
Energy 369,804.91 19.34 5.26 371,855.28
Mobile 447,567.02 22.98 23.02 455,002.75
Solid Waste 26,038.36 1,538.82 0.00 65,508.94
Water/Wastewater 59,093.83 700.36 16.97 81,659.35
Total 902,816.12 2,281.80 45.25 974,345.83
Source: Adelanto North General Plan Air Quality & Greenhouse Gas Assessment. September 2022 Note: Slight variations may occur due to rounding.

The proposed North Land Use Element Update contains policies that support a majority of the local measures noted in the San Bernardino County Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan. In the cases where it does not, the current Adelanto General Plan and the Adelanto North 2035 Plan will remain in effect and continue to guide future development in a manner that reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Existing General Plan policies that support the San Bernardino County Regional 359

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 54 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan are contained above in Section 3.13.3, Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies.

3.11.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to greenhouse gas emissions will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.11.7 Conclusion
The proposed North Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new residential development. The Adelanto North 2035 Plan and the proposed North Land Use Element Update are designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, as shown above, will not conflict with regional or State plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; therefore, the North Land Use Element Update will support the 34.2 percent long-term reduction in greenhouse gas emissions identified in the San Bernardino County Regional Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories and Reduction Plan. Impacts related to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change will be less than significant at the program level. Additionally, the land use changes serve to reduce the overall estimated GHG emission by approximately 577,833.34 MTCO2e per year from the estimates from the approved Adelanto North 2035 Plan. Therefore, the Project’s implementation would not conflict with facilitation or implementation of the City’s General Plan. No additional information of substantial importance concerning GHG has been discovered, since GP FEIR certification. Thus, Project implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning GHG than anticipated in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, and no mitigation is required.
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3.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 55

3.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident
conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one‐
quarter mile of an existing or proposed school?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code
Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a
significant hazard to the public or the environment?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
e) For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within 2 miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
f) Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency
evacuation plan?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
g) Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.12.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.12.A, B, C The proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions will result in less than significant impacts from the use, transport, and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes.

3.12.D Impacts to development and persons due to building siting on contaminated properties will be less than significant.

3.12.E & F Impacts related to operation of public or private airports would be less than significant with implementation of existing regulations.

3.12.G The proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions will not interfere with the implementation of the City’s emergency response and evacuation procedures.

3.12.H Impacts due to wildland fires will be less than significant. 361

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3.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 56

3.12.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

3.12.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
There are no General Plan Policies identified that apply to Hazards and Hazardous Materials.

3.12.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Final EIR Mitigation Measures The North 2035 Plan FEIR determined that impacts related to hazards and hazardous materials were less than significant and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.12.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.12 (a, b): Hazardous Material Use, Transport and Storage, Accidental Release There is a possibility that future development in the City, especially industrial projects, could accidentally release hazardous materials within the City during routine use, transport, or disposal.

The most likely method of release would be a traffic accident involving one or more vehicles hauling hazardous materials. Additionally, there are many vacant parcels which could be the site of earlier development or unknown dumping of potentially hazardous materials. Properties in the City may have been developed prior to existing federal and state laws and regulations regarding hazardous materials. As these properties are redeveloped in the future, there is a possibility that hazardous materials such as asbestos, lead-based paint, etc. could be encountered.

Buildout in accordance with the North General Plan would result in an increase in the frequency of transport, use, and disposal of hazardous materials associated with commercial and industrial growth within Adelanto. An increase in the transport of hazardous waste from buildout of the North General Plan could result in more accidental events, such as spills, that release hazardous materials.

Current federal and state regulations as well as County and City ordinances would regulate the handling of hazardous substances to reduce potential releases; exposure; and risks of transporting, storing, treating, and disposing of hazardous materials and wastes. Impacts would be less than significant.

3.12 (c) Hazards within ¼ mile of schools
The City does not have jurisdiction with respect to the location, design, or construction of school facilities, however, future development in proximity to an existing or already planned school site would be subject to City review concerning potential environmental effects, in accordance with the City’s routine CEQA compliance procedures. Through the existing planning process, impacts involving manufacture, use, transport, storage, or disposal of hazardous substances and wastes near a school site will be considered. If potentially significant effects are identified, measures to avoid or reduce impacts to less than significant levels would also need to be identified, and the City would 362

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3.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 57 be required to consider feasible mitigation measures and make specific findings to document that consideration.

3.12 (d) Hazardous Materials Sites
Since the Adelanto North 2035 Plan and related implementing actions allow for but do not authorize any specific development project or any other land use altering proposal, the project would not result in any direct impacts involving a development project on a site known to be contaminated and reported as such under California Government Code §65962.5. The proposed project identifies sites for future housing development on both vacant and underutilized properties. Depending on current or past uses, site contamination may have occurred. Sensitive and other land uses could also be proposed on known or currently unknown sites contaminated by hazardous materials.

Development on contaminated sites not only poses a threat to persons on the site but also prevents the contamination from being cleaned, allowing it to continue to transport through the soil and eventually to groundwater resources.

The Adelanto North 2035 Plan includes Implementing Program HS-8 to ensure that site contamination is identified during the development review process.

Implementing Program HS-8 requires that site assessments be conducted prior to project approvals to identify any contamination; the Implementing Program also sets performance standards for clean-up prior to approval of development or redevelopment projects and will ensure that as properties within the city are developed site contamination is removed and impacts to persons and other resources will be reduced to less than significant levels.

3.12 (e) Public & Private Airport Safety Hazard
There are two airports and one heliport within 2 miles from the Project Area. The Southern California Logistics Airport shares the eastern boundary of the Planning Area.

Southern California Logistics Airport and the SCLA CALUP Southern California Logistics Airport (SCLA) is a public use airport located at the former George Air Force Base in Victorville. Outside of the City of Adelanto but within the Planning Area for the Sustainable by Design: Community Plan, airport operations will affect the planning effort. Both of SCLA’s runways travel through the City of Adelanto’s airspace. The airport control tower operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

The Southern California Logistics Airport Comprehensive Airport Land Use Plan (CALUP) contains policies and criteria that address compatibility between airports and future land uses. The CALUP addresses noise, overflight, safety, and airspace protection concerns to minimize the public’s exposure to excessive noise and safety hazards within the airport influence area. Because the CALUP does not have land use authority, the surrounding cities implement the CALUPs through land use plans, development regulations, and zoning ordinances. The SCLA is located in the City of Victorville, 363

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 58 however, the Adelanto General Plan must address the noise and safety hazards associated with the airport as the runways, and consequently noise and safety protections zones, are in Adelanto. The CALUP discusses runway protection zone and imaginary surfaces.

Runway Protection Zone
Runway Protection Zones (RPZ) are two-dimensional ground area trapezoidal shapes. They are centered around an extended runway centerline and begin 200 feet beyond the terminus of the takeoff or landing area. The runway protection zone’s purpose is to preserve the area beyond a runway ’s terminus, which has significant potential for aircraft crashes.

Imaginary Surfaces
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 77, Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace, establishes imaginary surfaces for airports and runway s as a means to identify objects that are obstructions to air navigation. The FAA uses Part 77 and Terminal Instrument Procedures obstruction standards as elevations above which structures may constitute a safety problem. The Part 77 regulations require that anyone proposing to construct an object, which could affect the navigable airspace around an airport using the Part 77 notification criteria as shown below, submit information about the proposed construction to the FAA.

If the proposed development or structure is concluded to pose a hazard, the FAA may object to its construction and issue a determination of a hazard to air navigation, examine possible revisions of the proposal to eliminate the problem, require that the project be appropriately marked and lighted as an airspace obstruction, and/or initiate changes to the aircraft flight procedures for the airport so as to account for the object.

Portions of the approach surface, horizontal surface, and conical surfaces for the SCLA are located within the Project Area. Proposed land uses within these areas are subject to the SCLA CALUP. The Airport Land Use Plan for SCLA establishes safety compatibility criteria to minimize risks associated with potential aircraft accidents. Limiting the development of highly risk-sensitive land uses can reduce the severity of accidents. Compatibility Review Areas are defined by the ALUP as follows:
• Review Area 1 (Runway Protection Zone) – Agricultural use is considered normally acceptable within Review Area 1 while all other uses are considered clearly unacceptable.

Review Area 1 encompasses the Runway Protection Zone, contained within SCLA boundaries. It does not extend into the Project Area.
• Review Area 2 (Future 65 CNEL Contour) – Residential uses, auditoriums, concert halls, schools, libraries, churches, hospitals, nursing homes, sports arenas, and outdoor spectator sports are clearly unacceptable within Review Area 2. Playgrounds, neighborhood parks, golf courses, riding stables, water recreation, cemetery, office and commercial, and retail commercial services are considered conditionally acceptable. Manufacturing, warehouse, utility, animal breeding and agricultural use is normally acceptable. The average intensity should not exceed 100 persons per gross acre. The Review Area 2 boundary follows the 364

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 59 future 65 CNEL contour line as shown in Exhibit 4.12-2 (SCLA Long Range Noise Contours) in Section 4.12, Noise. Within the City of Adelanto, Review Area 2 overlays land designated Business Park and Light Manufacturing to the south, Mixed-Use, Single Family Residential and Medium Density Residential to the west, and Desert Living to the north. • Review Area 3 (Part 77 Horizontal Surface) – Residential use, sports arenas, outdoor spectator sports, and amphitheaters are considered clearly unacceptable within Review Area 3. Transient lodging, schools, libraries, churches, hospitals, and nursing homes are considered conditionally acceptable and average intensity should not exceed 100 persons per acre. Golf courses, riding stables, water recreation, and cemetery uses are considered conditionally acceptable and average intensity should not exceed 150 persons per acre.

Playgrounds and parks, commercial office, manufacturing, warehouse, utilities, agriculture, animal breeding and livestock, and re tail commercial uses are normally acceptable. Average intensity should not exceed 150 persons per gross acre. Within the City of Adelanto, Review Area 3 overlays land designated for Desert Living, Single-Family Residential, Light Manufacturing, Manufacturing/Industrial, and Business Park. • Review Area 4 (Airport Planning Area) – All uses are normally acceptable with fair disclosure noticing required for residential real estate transactions. Review Area 4 includes all of Adelanto east of Aster Road which includes land designated Desert Living, Single Family Residential, Medium Density Residential, Manufacturing/Industrial, Light Manufacturing, and Business
Adelanto Airport
Adelanto Airport is a privately owned airstrip with two unpaved runways. One extends north-south and is 3,930 feet long and 100 feet wide. The other extends east-west and is 5,100 feet long and 100 feet wide. Based at this airstrip are 21 aircraft of which fifteen are single-engine airplanes, three are helicopters, two are glider airplanes, and one is an ultralight. Use of this airstrip is exclusively private and permission is required prior to any aircraft landing. There is irregular attendance at this facility due to irregular use. All flight plans are required to be cleared with SCLA to avoid conflicting traffic.

Due to the private nature of the airstrip, the irregularity of flight scheduling, and coordination with SCLA, impacts related to aircraft operations will be minimal.

IMPA Adelanto Heliport
The IMPA Adelanto Heliport is privately owned by the Intermountain Power Agency. It consists of a single concrete helipad which is 70 feet by 70 feet. The heliport is managed by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power and is located at the Adelanto Converter Station near the intersection of Pansy Road and Raccoon Avenue. Permission is required prior to landing at this facility. Due to the irregular use of the heliport, impacts related to aircraft operations will be minimal.

Pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and City’s standard environmental review process, potential future development within the influence area of the SCLA and within the 365

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3.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 60 vicinity of Adelanto Airport and the IMPA Adelanto Heliport will be evaluated for potential impacts related to airport hazards. Impacts related to safety hazards and airport operations will be less than significant with implementation of existing standards and recommendations.

3.12 (f) Adopted Emergency Response Plan
Impairment of emergency or evacuation procedures can result in increased property damage and/or personal injury by slowing emergency services response times or preventing the public from being able to escape emergency situations. The proposed North Land Use Element Update and implementing actions do not include any proposed changes in the physical organization of the Planning Area that could interfere with the City’s emergency response or evacuation procedures pursuant to NIMS, SEMS, or the City’s emergency response plan. Disaster response procedures are designed to be flexible in nature to adapt to the volatile and unpredictable nature of disasters and hazards. This flexibility allows for emergency response services and City staff to respond to varying emergencies regardless of location, size, or number of persons affected. No impact will occur.

3.12 (g) Wildland Fires
The proposed North Land Use Element Update and related implementation will not directly expose people or property to the threat of wildland fires. Impacts associated with wildland fires include property damage and personal injury.

The City has adopted Section 701A of the California Building Code to minimize the potential for property destruction due to wildland fires by requiring materials and construction methods that are fire resistant. The North General Plan will not interfere with the implementation of these regulations. Therefore, with the continued enforcement of existing regulations, impacts due to wildland fires will be less than significant.

3.12.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to hazards and hazardous materials were identified or will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.12.7 Conclusion
The proposed North Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new residential, commercial, or industrial development. Therefore, the proposed changes would not result in greater exposure to hazards and hazardous materials. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning cultural resources has been discovered since the North 2035 Plan FEIR certification. Thus, implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning hazards and hazardous materials than anticipated in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, and no new mitigation is required.
366

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3.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 61

3.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or groundwater?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the
project may impede sustainable groundwater management
of the basin?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious
surfaces, in a manner which would result in substantial erosion or siltation on‐ or off‐site?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
i) result in substantial erosion or siltation on‐ or off‐site; ii) substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on‐ or offsite;
iii) create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of
polluted runoff; or
iv) impede or redirect flood flows?
d) In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundation? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
e) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.13.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.13.A& E Implementation of the Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and related implementing actions will not violate any water quality standards, waste discharge requirements, or otherwise degrade water quality.

3.13.B Impacts related to lowering of groundwater levels will be less than significant based on existing standards and regulations.

3.13.C Flooding and sedimentation impacts caused by on- or off-site flooding will be less than significant with implementation of existing City standards.

Impacts related to polluted urban runoff and storm drain capacity will be less than significant with implementation of existing standards and regulations. 367

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3.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 62 Impacts due to the placement of housing within 100-year flood zones as a result of implementation of the Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions will be less than significant.

Impacts related to the diversion of floodwaters will be less than significant with implementation of existing City regulations.

Impacts related to inundation due to dam or levee failure will be less than significant with implementation of existing federal and county regulations

3.13.D Impacts associated with mudflows, tsunami, and seiche will be less than significant with implementation of existing City regulations

3.13.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

3.13.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
PF 4.3 Reduce dependence on private septic tanks that occur in less dense portions of the city by extending the public sewer main lines as regulated through the State Water Resources Control Board.

OS 4.1 Require the use of water conserving appliances and fixtures in new development per CALGreen building requirements.

OS 4.6 Encourage residential development to incorporate a greywater system.

OS 5.1 Require new development outside of the boundary of Growth Area 1 to demonstrate that adequate water is available before project approval and to fund its fair-share costs associated with the provision of water service.

OS 5.2 Access reliable data and information on water use and supply to thoroughly evaluate the potential water supply impacts and needs of proposed development projects and promote effective decision-making.

PF 5.4 Encourage developers to minimize impervious surfaces to reduce storm water runoff and increase flood protection.

PF 5.7 Require street and parking lot vegetated swales to filter stormwater pollutants and allow stormwater infiltration
PF 7.4 Ensure developers prepare Storm Water Pollution Preventions Plans and implement Best Management Practices as required under the Construction General Permit issued by the State Water Resources Control Board.
368

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3.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 63

3.13.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures The Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR determined that impacts related to hydrology and water quality were less than significant and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.13.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.13 (a & e) Violate Water Quality Standards
Buildout of the proposed areas in accordance with the Adelanto North 2035 Plan would generate pollutants during the construction and operation of individual projects.

Construction Impacts
Construction of the future projects would involve clearing, grading, paving, utility installation, building construction, and the installation of landscaping, which would result in the generation of potential water quality pollutants such as silt, debris, chemicals, paints, and other solvents with the potential to adversely affect water quality. As such, short‐term water quality impacts have the potential to occur during construction activities in the absence of any protective or avoidance measures.

Chapter 17.93.050 – Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Plan of the Adelanto Municipal Code requires that Projects obtain a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Stormwater Permit for construction activities. The permit is required for all Projects that include construction activities, such as clearing, grading, and/or excavation that disturb at least one acre of total land area.

Compliance with the permit requires the preparation and implementation of a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) will identify construction Best Management Practices (BMPs) that will be implemented to prevent soil erosion and the discharge of sediment into the local storm drains during the project’s construction phase. Typical BMPs measures include, but are not limited to, preserving natural vegetation, stabilizing exposed soils, use of sandbags, and installation of temporary silt fencing.

New construction and development of land uses designated in the proposed North General Plan would require projects to plan BMPs for four general phases of construction: (1) grading and land development (e.g., mass grade and rough grade), (2) utility and road installation, (3) vertical construction, and (4) final stabilization and landscaping. Therefore, BMP implementation for new construction can be evaluated in this general context. Site-specific details on individual BMPs would be dependent on the scope and breadth of each future project, which are not known at this time.

Operational Impacts
Storm water pollutants commonly associated with land uses include sediments, nutrients, trash and debris, bacteria and viruses, oil and grease, and pesticides. City of Adelanto Municipal Code Chapter 369

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3.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 64

17.93.060 requires the preparation of a Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for managing the quality of storm water or urban runoff that flows from a developed site after construction is completed. Future development will comply with the City of Adelanto and the Phase II Small MS4 General Permit for the Mojave River Watershed.

Since the proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (North Land Use Element Update) does not include a specific development plan, project-specific WQMPs cannot be developed at this time. Future project-specific WQMPs would be prepared at the time of project application. Moreover, LID and water quality treatment solutions prescribed in project-specific WQMPs would be designed to support or enhance the regional BMPs and efforts implemented by the City. Surface water quality impacts would be less than significant.

3.13 (b) Groundwater Supplies
Future development under the proposed North Land Use Element Update would be served with potable water by the Adelanto Public Utility Authority. Adelanto has groundwater wells within its distribution system that are actively used to pump groundwater from the Mojave River Groundwater Basin, which lies beneath Victor Valley.5 The Mojave Basin Area was the subject of a court ordered adjudication in 1993 due to the rapid growth within the area, increased withdrawals, and lowered groundwater levels. The court’s Judgment appointed Mojave Water Agency (MWA) as Watermaster of the Mojave Basin Area. The court ordered adjudication of the Mojave Basin Area allocates a variable free production allowance (FPA) to each purveyor that supplies more than 10 AFY, including Adelanto.

Each allocated FPA represents the purveyor’s share of the water supply available from the MWA Subarea. FPAs are determined as a percentage of the purveyor’s highest verified annual use from 1986 to 1990. The FPA, which is currently set at 80 percent of BAP for agriculture and 60 percent of BAP for municipal and industrial (M&I), can vary from year to year depending on the Watermaster’s safe yield projections for the Basin. If Adelanto, or another purveyor, pumps more than its allotted FPA in any year, they are required to purchase replacement water equal to the FAP.

Ground Water Supply Discussion
The Project would be served with potable water by the Adelanto Public Utility Authority. Adelanto has groundwater wells within its distribution system that are actively used to pump groundwater from the Mojave River Groundwater Basin, which lies beneath Victor Valley.6 The Mojave Basin Area was the subject of a court ordered adjudication in 1993 due to the rapid growth within the area, increased withdrawals, and lowered groundwater levels. The court’s Judgment appointed Mojave Water Agency (MWA) as Watermaster of the Mojave Basin Area. The court ordered adjudication of 5 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, Victorville Water District, June 1, 2021, p.6-3, accessed on September 30, 2022. 6 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, Victorville Water District, June 1, 2021, p.6-3, accessed on September 30, 2022. 370

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3.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 65 the Mojave Basin Area allocates a variable free production allowance (FPA) to each purveyor that supplies more than 10 AFY, including Adelanto.

Given the City’s total reliance on groundwater, the reliability of the City’s water supply is thus entirely dependent on the reliability of the groundwater in the Mojave River Basin managed by the Mojave Water Agency. Because almost all of the water used within the Mojave Water Agency’s service area is supplied by pumped groundwater, to supplement the local groundwater supplies, the Mojave Water Agency recharges the groundwater basins with State Water Project imported water, natural surface water flows, wastewater imports from outside the Mojave Water Agency’s service area, agricultural depletion from storage, and return flow from pumped groundwater not consumptively used. The Mojave Water Agency’s sources are only used to recharge the groundwater basins and are not supplied directly to any retailers, except for two power plants, the High Desert Power Project, and the LUZ Solar Plant.

Groundwater Recharge Discussion
Future development under the proposed North Land Use Element Update would increase impervious surface coverage, which would in turn reduce the amount of direct infiltration of runoff into the ground. Future development will be required to use roads within the Project site to carry runoff to water quality basin, designed for infiltration, retention and detention. As such, the proposed North Land Use Element Update will not interfere substantially with groundwater recharge.

In addition, according to a review of historical groundwater data (California Department of Water Resources and California State Water Resources Control Board groundwater well data [http://wdl.water.ca.gov and http://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov]), depth to groundwater is greater than 50 feet below ground surface (bgs) in the general Plan areas. As such, the Project will not impact groundwater.

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 66 groundwater usage in many of California’s basins.7 The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) was enacted to halt overdraft and bring groundwater basins into balanced levels of pumping and recharge. The City of Adelanto is located within the Upper Mojave River Valley portion of the Mojave River Basin.

The Mojave River is an adjudicated basin (i.e., water rights are determined by court order). 8 Adjudicated basins are exempt from the SGMA because such basins already operate under a courtordered management plan to ensure the long-term sustainability of a basin. No component of the Project would obstruct with or prevent implementation of the management plan for the Mojave River Basin. As such, the Project would not conflict with any sustainable groundwater management plan. Impacts would be less than significant.

Based on the analysis above, the proposed North Land Use Element Update is not forecast to substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the local groundwater table level.

3.13 (c) Alter Drainage Patterns & Create or Contribute to Runoff Water; Housing in 100-Year Flood Hazard Area; Levee or Dam Failure
Alter Drainage Patterns & Create or Contribute to Runoff Water The proposed North Land Use Element Update will not directly change drainage patterns in the Project Area because no land altering activities are authorized by the North Land Use Element Update. Future development within the Planning Area is likely to change drainage patterns that could have the potential to result in on- or off-site erosion, siltation, or flooding.

The majority of the Project Area is vacant with limited drainage infrastructure in place. The Fremont Wash is an unimproved naturally occurring drainage course that carries flows collected from the Baldy Mesa and Adelanto Watersheds to the Mojave River. Vacant land within the Planning Area contributes to localized drainage conditions, however, development of these lands will not result in the major alteration of any streams or drainage courses because of the existing drainage infrastructure.

Adherence to Construction General Permit requirements to reduce runoff and protect channels and Adelanto standards regulating erosion, and sedimentation impacts would reduce impacts as development occurs in the Planning Area. The City of Adelanto Master Plan of Drainage addresses drainage and the need for new facilities as vacant portions of the city get developed. Development of storm drainage facilities is subject to the standard designs of the City’s Engineering Division. Detail Standards series 200 provide a uniform method for adequate construction of storm drain facilities 7 https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/gmp/, accessed on September 30, 2022. 8 https://gis.water.ca.gov/app/bp-dashboard/final/, accessed on September 30, 2022. 372

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 67 including catch basins, pipe bedding, culverts, and drop inlets. Implementation of these standards ensures that drainage facilities are designed to effectively transport storm water and thereby minimize on-site and off-site flooding due to development associated with changes in drainage patterns. Impacts related to drainage and o n- or off-site flooding and sedimentation will be less than significant.

Housing in 100-Year Flood Hazard Area
The proposed North Land Use Element Update does not authorize any residential construction and therefore could not directly result in the placement of housing within flood hazards areas.

Residential land uses proposed along the west side of US 395 in the eastern portion of the city are currently located adjacent to the Zone A, 100-year flood hazard zone. Additional smaller ephemeral streams are also located throughout the Project Area. The proposed North Land Use Element Update does include land use changes that would marginally increase residential densities in areas already designated for residential uses; therefore, potential redevelopment of these areas over the long-term are not anticipated to place additional housing within flood hazard zones over those currently existing. Any future housing constructed within a 100-year flood hazard zone will be subject CEQA review and mitigation would include constructing the homes above the flood zone or implementing flood control devices (such as levees) to protect the homes from flooding. Impacts will be less than significant with implementation of existing standards.

Levee or Dam Failure
The proposed North Land Use Element Update provides for the opportunity of development throughout the Project Area. There are five levees located within or in close proximity to Adelanto.

One is located to the west of Richardson Road and south of El Mirage Road, one is located in central Adelanto south of Crippen Avenue and east of Raccoon Avenue, one is located in southern Adelanto north of Pansy Road and west of Daisy Road, one is located south of Adelanto north of Seneca Road and west of Aster Road, and one is located in eastern Adelanto south of the Southern California Logistics Airport along Mesa Linda Road. The Project Area is not located within an inundation area.

The Mojave River is an intermittent river in the eastern San Bernardino Mountains and is located to the east of the Southern California Logistics Airport. Most of the river’s flow is underground, while its surface channels remain dry most of the time, with the exception of the headwaters and several bedrock gorges in its lower reaches near Victorville. The river’s source is in the San Bernardino Mountains above Hesperia. Downstream, Deep Creek meets the West Fork, forming the Mojave River immediately upstream of the Mojave River Dam. Downstream of the dam, the Mojave River flows north and east, underground in most places, through Hesperia, Victorville, and Barstow. Areas along the Mojave River are subject to flooding and are monitored closely by the San Bernardino County Flood Control District during large storm events that produce heavy rainfall. The proposed North Land Use Element Update would not interfere with the county’s responsibilities in recertifying any levee within or protecting the Project Area. Continued maintenance of area levees in accordance with federal law will provide sufficient safeguards against potential damage due to levee failure. The proposed North Land Use Element Update and implementing actions would not 373

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3.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 68 authorize any flood control solutions that would not meet federal and county flood control standards. Impacts due to levee failure will be less than significant.

3.13 (d) Seiche, Tsunami, or Mudflow
The proposed North Land Use Element Update and implementing actions will not directly subject people to mudflow hazards because no construction, development, or other land alteration is authorized by the Plan. The potential for mudflow is minimal throughout the majority of the Project Area because of the generally level grade and lack of hillsides and floodplains. Future development within the Project Area will be subject to the erosion and sediment controls of the Municipal Code and the hillside development regulation adopted in the California Building Code (CBC) to prevent hazards from mudflows and other debris flow issues. Hillsides can be stabilized, and general erosion prevented by effective temporary planting (including rye grass, fast-germinating native seed, mulching with straw, chippings or other slope stabilization material), permanent planting of compatible drought-resistant species of ground cover, shrubs, or trees, or other ways of establishing new vegetation. The proposed North Land Use Element Update and implementing actions would not change or hinder the implementation of these ordinances. Therefore, impacts associated with mudflow hazards will be less than significant.

Due to the Project Area’s distance from the Pacific Ocean, no portion of the city is subject to tsunami hazards. There are no open reservoirs or other bodies of water within the Planning Area that could expose development to seiche hazards.

3.13.6 New Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to hydrology and water quality will occur with the land use changes proposed that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.13.7 Conclusion
The proposed North Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new development. Therefore, the proposed changes would not affect hydrology or water quality. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning hydrology or water quality has been discovered since Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR certification. Thus, implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning hydrology or water quality than anticipated in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, and no mitigation is required. 374

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3.14 Land Use and Planning
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 69

3.14 Land Use and Planning
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Physically divide an established community? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an
environmental effect?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Conflict with any applicable habitat conservation plan or natural community conservation plan? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.14.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.14.A No impact will occur as the Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions will not result in a division of an established community.

3.14.B The proposed project will not conflict with the policies referenced in the General Plan EIR as necessary to reduce, minimize, or avoid environmental impacts.

3.14.C Future development within the proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan Project Area would be subject to the Western Mojave Plan and the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan. Impacts will be less than significant with implementation of proposed Plan Implementing Programs.

3.14.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

3.14.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
OS 1.3 Prevent impacts to the scenic value of the Shadow Mountains by requiring development near the mountains to be designed in the context of preserving views. Future development within the Project Area will be subject to design and environmental review pursuant to the City’s local development review procedures and State CEQA requirements. Through the implementation of adopted policies and the policies of the Comprehensive Sustainable Plan, impacts to scenic vistas and resources will be less than significant.

Safety 1.2/1.7 The City will ensure that all appropriate construction and safety standards are incorporated into all new development.

Safety 1.9 The City will restrict development in those areas where slope exceeds fifteen (15) percent and in those areas subject to flooding.
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3.14 Land Use and Planning
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 70 Safety 1.10 Any development which is proposed in the Mojave Corridor (an area susceptible to liquefaction) will be required to complete a site-specific geologic study.

LC 8.6 Require sidewalks on both sides of the street in the Single Family (RS-1 and RS-5), Medium Density Residential, and Mixed-Use classifications. Sidewalks on local streets in the Desert Living designation areas are not required but encouraged.

LC 10.2 Require residential units front onto Activity Street-Residential streets. Encourage vehicular access to be derived from a rear alley.

LC 11.1 Require front entrances to have access along street front and include architectural features to accentuate entries.

LC 11.2 Require front doors to face the street in “row home” style developments.

LC 11.6 Multi-family development projects shall provide outdoor living spaces, common open spaces, and communal amenities.

LC 12.9 Require “Big Box” retail stores and parking structures to integrate with the ‘Main Street’ physical environment, and wrap small retail spaces around the big box store.

LC 13.2 Require public amenities, outdoor dining, use of landscaping, and building design that creates a lively entertainment district.

LC 14.6 Require high quality and well-designed signage to direct pedestrians and vehicles to loading and receiving, visitor parking, and other special uses.

LC 15.5 Require trees and landscaping materials along all streetscapes, and cluster trees in public gathering places.

3.14.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures As described in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, impacts related to Land Use and Planning were determined to be less than significant, and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.14.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.14 (a) Physically Divide an Established Community
Division of a neighborhood may occur if the construction of a new freeway, railway, flood control channel, or other infrastructure project is constructed through a community. Redevelopment may also lead to the fracturing of a community, for example, when residential units are acquired and cleared for construction of commercial uses and new streets. Impacts associated within the division of an established community include a loss of community identity, disruption or loss of connectivity, and a degradation of the character of the area.
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3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.14 Land Use and Planning
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 71 The proposed North General Plan Land Use Element Update (proposed North Land Use Element Update) is a policy level project designed to direct long-term growth within the Planning Areas. The proposed North Land Use Element Update will retain the city’s primarily residential character in these areas currently for designated for residential. In addition, the proposed North Land Use Element Update provides for more intense industrial and manufacturing development to primarily occur in the central portion of the city where similar industrial development exists. The proposed North Land Use Element Update does not include any new transportation routes or facilities outside of existing or previously planned rights of way. No other types of major corridors are proposed that could require removal of existing development within established communities. No impacts related to the division of established communities will occur.

3.14 (b) Conflict with Land Use Plans, Policies, or Regulations The proposed North Land Use Element Update is programmatic in nature and intended to establish both short-term and long-term guidance for future development in the City. The proposed land use changes are to restore land use designation and zoning to the pre-Adelanto North 2035 Plan conditions. The Adelanto North 2035 Plan Goals, Programs, and Policies are incorporated into the proposed North Land Use Element Update and therefore are consistent with the General Plan.

Tables 3.14-1 (Adelanto North 2035 Plan Land Use) and 3.14-2 (Proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use) provides a summary of existing land use designation in acreage and intensity in the Planning Areas and the Proposed changes in land use designations with increases or decreases in acreage and intensity provided. Although, Single Family Residential R-S5 appears to be decreasing with an increase in acreage which is due to the original calculation having incorrectly used 6 dwelling units per acre (6 du/ac) for residential density rather than 5 du/ac which is used for the proposed North Land Use Element Update changes.
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3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.14 Land Use and Planning
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 72 Table 3.14-1
Adelanto North 2035 Plan Land Use
Land Use Acres
Non-Residential
Intensity
(SF)
Residential Density
(DU)
Desert Living (DL-2.5) 2,316.9 -- 46
Desert Living (DL-9) 3,405.1 -- 26
Desert Living (DL-5) 5,561.3 -- 56
Single Family Residential (R-1) 556.3 -- 2,225
Single Family Residential (R-S5) 1,753.0 -- *10,518
Medium Density Residential (R-M12) 677.5 -- 9,485
Mixed Use (MU) 348.0 4,547,236 6,263
Manufacturing/Industrial (MI) 1,327.8 28,919,638 --
Light Manufacturing (LM) 1,559.7 33,971,073 --
Business Park (BP) 1,198.8 15,665,778 --
Airport Development District (ADD) 2,870.3 1,875,440 -- Public Utilities (PU) 273.9 -- --
Open Space (OS) 9,772.9 -- 293
Greenbelt Corridor Drainage (GCD) 378.2 -- --
Greenbelt Corridor Easement (GCE) 1,029.7 -- --
Roads and Right-of-Way (RD) 2,274.3 -- --
Total 35,304 84,979,165 28,912
Source: Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan, Environmental Impact Report Volume I, March 2014. *10,518 for R-S5 was incorrectly calculated at 6 du/ac
Table 3.14-2
Proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use
Land Use Acres
Non-Residential
Intensity (SF)
Residential Density
(DU)
Desert Living (DL-2.5) 2,316.9 -- 46
Desert Living (DL-9) 3,405.1 -- 26
Desert Living (DL-5) 5,561.3 -- 56
Single Family Residential (R-1) 516.7 -- 2,067
Single Family Residential (R-S5) 1,792.3 -- 8,962
Medium Density Residential (R-M12) 677.5 -- 9,485
Mixed Use (MU) 257 3,358,476 4,626
Manufacturing/Industrial (MI) 2,282.2 49,706,316 --
Light Manufacturing (LM) 1,446.2 31,498,236 --
Business Park (BP) 448.9 5,866,225 --
Airport Development District (ADD) 2,870.3 1,875,440 -- Public Utilities (PU) 273.9 -- --
Open Space (OS) 9,772.9 -- 293
Greenbelt Corridor Drainage (GCD) 378.2 -- --
Greenbelt Corridor Easement (GCE) 1,029.7 -- --
Roads and Right-of-Way (RD) 2,274.3 -- --
Total 35,304 92,304,693 25,561
Red – Land use acreage or intensity decrease
Green - Land use acreage or intensity increase
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3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.14 Land Use and Planning
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 73

3.14 (c) Conflict with Habitat Conservation Plan
Adelanto is within the Western Mojave Plan area; however, the City of Adelanto is not a signatory.

Currently, the Western Mojave Plan is only applicable to public lands. Three BLM-managed lands are located within the northwestern portion of the City. One parcel is located at the northwest corner of Adelanto, designated for open space, and the other two are located in the north, designated for Desert Living. These parcels are not subject to change with the proposed North Land Use Element Update; however, future development on the two Desert Living parcels would be subject to the comprehensive strategy to conserve and protect sensitive plant and animal species and their natural communities.

Adelanto is within the boundaries of the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan. When the DRECP is finalized and implemented, it will comprehensively address how participating entities with jurisdiction over renewable energy and transmission development projects in the deserts of California will conserve natural communities and species pursuant to the California NCCP Act and the FESA. If the City of Adelanto chooses to join the DRECP and authorize a renewable energy project, future energy projects would be required to comply with the provisions of the DRECP. The proposed North Land Use Element Update Plan supports conservation of habitat and sensitive species and would not conflict with implementation of the DRECP. Impacts will be less than significant.

3.14.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to land use and planning will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.14.7 Conclusion
Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts have related to Land Use and Planning that were not identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.

The Adelanto North 2035 Plan and related implementing actions established goals and policies for future residential, mixed-use, manufacturing, and industrial development throughout the Project Area. The proposed North Land Use Element Update does not authorize any site-specific land altering activities or any particular development project, infrastructure improvement, or community facility and thus will have no direct impact Land Use and Planning. Future development projects will be constructed in light of the policies of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan, adopted Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Mitigation Measures, and policies.
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3.14 Land Use and Planning
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 74 The proposed land use changes are to restore land use designation and zoning to the pre-Adelanto North 2035 Plan conditions. as such there will be no changes that would increase impacts on Land Use and Planning that were not considered in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR. 380

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.15 Mineral Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 75

3.15 Mineral Resources
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.15.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.15.A Implementation of the Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions will result in a less than significant loss of known mineral resources of value to the region and the state.

3.15.B No impact to locally important mineral resources will occur as a result of the implementation of the Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions.

3.15.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

3.15.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
BIO 1.5 Areas of the Shadow Hills shall be retained as open space to protect their integrity as a unique habitat as well as wildlife movement corridor. Mining that restores the natural habitat will be permitted.

NR 1.5 The City will restrict development in those areas which are determined to have significant reserves of natural resources, including gas, oil, and aggregate materials.

3.15.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures The Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR determined that impacts related to mineral resources were less than significant and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.15.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.15 (a & b) – Regionally and Locally Significant Mineral Resource Loss Although the Adelanto North General Plan will not result in the direct loss of a known mineral resource, implementation of the proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (proposed North Land Use Element Update) and implementing actions and development pursuant 381

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.15 Mineral Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 76 to the proposed North Land Use Element Update may result in the permanent loss of known statewide and regionally valuable mineral resources. Loss of mineral resources could occur if the proposed North Land Use Element Update changes a vacant area located within an M RZ-2 from a land use designation that supports current or future mineral extraction to a designation that would preclude future extraction of mineral resources. For the loss to be considered significant, an area and its surroundings must also be conducive to mineral extraction operations.

The current General Plan Land Use Element limits various types of development to occur in areas that have potential for extraction of mineral resources. Areas with mineral resource extraction potential are designated low density residential or industrial; however, due to topography, access, and lack of infrastructure, these areas contain physical constraints to normal urban development.

Policy NR 1.5 of the existing General Plan Conservation/Open Space Element is designed to protect mineral resources by restricting development in areas that are determined to have significant reserves. The existing Adelanto North 2035 Plan and the proposed North Land Use Element Update do not contain policies that conflict with this principal; therefore, significant mineral resource deposits will continue to be protected over the long-term. Furthermore, the proposed North Land Use Element Update does not make changes to areas previously conserved in much of the northern portions of the City as open space, preserving potential aggregate resources for future use. Based on the analysis of the proposed Plan and the principals of the existing General Plan elements that will not be affected, impacts related to the loss of known mineral resources will be less than significant.

The existing General Plan does not identify any locally important mineral resources. No other City planning documents identify any locally important mineral resources. No impacts to locally important mineral resources could occur as a result of the implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update and implementing actions.

3.15.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to mineral resources with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.15.7 Conclusion
The proposed North Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new residential development. Therefore, the proposed changes would not affect mineral resources. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning mineral resources has been discovered since the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR certification. Thus, project implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning mineral resources than anticipated in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, and no mitigation is required.
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3.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 77

3.16 Noise
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent
increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project more than standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐
b) Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or
groundborne noise levels? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.16.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.16 A Projected long-term traffic volumes and the proposed land uses located near sensitive land uses would increase noise and result in significant and unavoidable impacts.

Proposed land uses would increase noise by less than significant levels with implementation of existing General Plan and proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan Policies.

The proposed project would allow for additional development of residential and mixed-use development that may result in increased temporary or intermittent noise impacts. Those impacts are less than significant with the continued implementation of the City’s General Plan and Municipal Code.

3.16 B Exposure of persons to or generation of excessive ground borne vibration will be less than significant with implementation of existing General Plan and proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan policies.

3.16 C The proposed project will expose people residing and working within the noise contours of the Southern California Logistics Airport to excessive noise that is significant and unavoidable.

3.16.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
The Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR determined Noise levels would be impacted by traffic and airport noise levels.

Future Traffic Noise Levels along Existing Roadways Segments The Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR found that long-term impacts of increased traffic volumes would lead to increases in noise considered significant and unavoidable in excess of 60 dBA CNEL significantly impacting residential uses along several roadways. The roadways and land uses identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR include Desert Living, Single Family Residential, 383

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 78 Medium Density Residential, and Mixed Use along US 395; Low Density Desert Living along El Mirage Road between Koala Road and Adelanto Road; Single Family Use along Chamberlaine Way and Bartlett Avenues between Koala Road and Bellflower Street and Kola Road between El Mirage Road and Rancho Road; Single Family and Medium Density Residential uses along Air Expressway and Rancho Roads between Koala Road and Adelanto Road and Bellflower Street between Chamberlaine Way and Rancho Roads.

Southern California Logistics Airport (SCLA) Noise Exposure The Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR found the project will expose people residing and working within the noise contours of the Southern California Logistics Airport to excessive noise that is significant and unavoidable. However, the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR stated that implementing actions do not authorize any development within the airport influence area and will not result in the direct exposure of airport noise to residents.

3.16.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
HS 9.1 Enforce City and State noise regulations to protect residents from excessive noise levels.

HS 9.2 Require noise-sensitive land use development to incorporate measures to reduce interior and exterior noise levels.

HS 9.3 Require mixed-use structures to be designed to account for noise from adjacent uses, and minimize transfer of noise and vibration from commercial/retail to residential use.

HS 9.4 Use site planning and project design strategies to achieve acceptable noise level standards as outlined in the noise/land use compatibility guidelines. The use of noise barriers shall be considered after all practical design- related noise measures have been integrated into project design.

HS 9.5 Require a detailed analysis of proposed noise reduction measures to determine whether the proposed use is compatible when a project is to be located in an area that exceeds normally acceptable noise thresholds.

HS 9.8 Continue to consider noise impacts as part of the development review process.

NS 1.6 Ensure through the design review process that interior noise levels for hospital and convalescent homes do not exceed 55 CNEL in interior living areas and 45 CNEL in interior sleeping areas.

NS 1.7 Ensure through the design review process that recreational areas intended for quiet or passive activities are designed and located so that noise levels do not exceed 70 dB.

NS 1.8 Ensure through the design review process that re creational areas intended for noise or active uses are buffered from passive use areas and from surrounding noise sensitive land uses.

NS 1.9 Ensure through the design review process that business and professional offices, where effective communication is essential mitigate interior noise to 50 CNEL.

NS 1.10 Ensure through the design review process that exterior noise levels at commercial and industrial areas do not exceed 75 dB.

NS 1.11 Ensure through the design review process that noise tolerant land uses are located in areas irrevocably committed to noise producing land uses, such as transportation corridors or railroads.
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3.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 79

3.16.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures The Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR concluded that Excluding noise generated from the Southern California Logistics Airport, potentially significant noise impacts will be avoided through implementation of existing General Plan policies, the Adelanto North 2035 Plan policy, and the Municipal Code. No feasible mitigation is available to reduce airplane noise impacts to land uses within the airport noise contours.

3.16.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.16 (a) Noise Exposure in Excess of Established Standards; Temporary Increase in Ambient Noise Levels
Ambient Noise
Future development within the Project Area would have the potential to increase ambient noise levels, because many areas of the City are undeveloped. The Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR took noise surveys at 10 locations around the Project Area. For the proposed North Land Use Element Update, 10 noise surveys were added that included measurements from recent environmental studies and four new measurements conducted in the areas not previously measured in the Project Area. The noise measurements are provided in Table 3.16-1 and the measurement locations in Figure 3.16-1.

Table 3.16-1
Project Area Ambient Noise Levels
Location Description
Average Noise Level
dBA (Leq)
#1 Racoon and Chamberlaine 40.3
#2 Adelanto Road and Pansy 67.3
#3 Poppy and Verbena 62.9
#4 Seneca and Koala 57.5
#5 Old Rancho Road & Adelanto Road 57.3
#6 Stadium Way & Adelanto Road 57.1
#7 11678 Rancho Road 61.0
#8 Chamberlaine and Adelanto 45.7
#9 Adelanto and Air Expy 54.9
#10 Pearmain and Bartlett 61.6
#11 19315 El Mirage 58.3
#12 El Mirage and Jonathan 35.7
#13 18717 Arbor (Koala & Barcelona) 49.8
#14 Chamberlaine and Hermosa 62.2
#15 17717 Twister Cir (Air Expy/Aster) 52.9
#16 Lawson and Verbena 42.8
#17 Rancho and Aster 71.0
#18 Bellflower and Yucca 60.0
#19 Jonathan and Lawson 59.7
#20 12210 Hibiscus 62.1
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3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 80 Figure 3.16-1
Ambient Noise Measurement Locations
386

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 81 The ambient noise measurements provide a baseline of existing ambient noise conditions. The proposed Land Use Element Update and implementing actions do not authorize any construction or other land-altering activity that could result in construction-related noise. Potential noise and increases in ambient levels due to future development and operational activities would be assessed in conjunction with the City’s routine review of site-specific noise studies and the recommended design and mitigation measures as required. This will occur in the project planning process, prior to project approval, for projects subject to review under CEQA, and this will provide an adequate mechanism to require special measures to mitigate potentially significant noise impacts of the Adelanto North Plan.

Future Traffic Noise Levels along Existing Roadways Segments The operational phases of individual projects that result from the proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (proposed North Land Use Element Update) would generate noise from vehicular sources. Future development in accordance with the proposed North Land Use Element Update would not cause increases in traffic beyond what was analyzed in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.

As discussed in Section 3.16.2 above, the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR found several roadway segments where noise impacts would be significant and unavoidable. Table 3.16-2 Existing Roadway Segment Impacts, provides a summary of the road segments, location boundaries, the existing land uses under the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, and what impact the proposed North Land Use Element Update will have on those roadway segments.

Table 3.16-2
Existing Roadway Segment Impacts
Road Segment Boundary Existing Land Use Impact
US 395 Entire length DL, SFR, MDR, MU Area 2, 3 & 4
El Mirage Koala & Adelanto LD DL No Impact
Chamberlaine Koala & Bellflower SFR Area 1
Bartlett Koala & Bellflower SFR No Impact
Koala Road El Mirage & Rancho SFR No Impact
Air Expressway Koala & Adelanto SFR, MDR No Impact
Rancho Road Koala & Adelanto SFR, MDR Area 3
Bellflower Chamberlaine & Rancho SFR, MDR Area 3
Sources: 2035 GP FEIR and Proposed North General Plan Land Use Element Update.

As indicated in Table 3.16-2, the majority of the road segments and existing land uses will not be impacted by the proposed North Land Use Element Update. Areas along U.S. 395 will see a reduction in impacts on potential residential uses as Area 2, 3, and 4 are proposed to change Multiple Use areas located in these areas to either Manufacturing Industrial (MI) or Light Manufacturing (LM).

Additionally, Area 3 will change land use along Rancho Road and Bellflower from MU to MI close to 395.
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3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 82 Area 1 will not change the land use from residential; however, it will increase the density by 1 dwelling unit per acre. However, the change from R-S1 to R-S5 will not have a significant impact on the roadway noise levels.

Figures 3.16-2 through 3.16-5 are the noise contour maps generated from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Traffic Noise Model 3.5 for Areas 1, 2, 3, and 4. To determine the noise impacts traffic data from the recent area studies and the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, future buildout traffic estimates were used. Average Daily Traffic counts were converted to peak hour estimates at a rate of 0.075 ADT. Traffic vehicle mix was estimated at 97 percent automobile, 2 percent light truck, and 1 percent heavy truck at posted roadway speed limits.

As indicated in the noise contour maps, impacts along the roadway segments in the Areas proposed for change under the proposed North Land Use Element Update will not result in new significant noise impacts not analyzed under the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR. Based on available information, it appears future development in the City will continue to generate significant noise impacts along the roadway segments identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR as shown in Table 3.16-2 Existing Roadway Segment Impacts.

3.16 (b) Exposure or Generation of Excessive Groundborne Vibration Future development under the proposed North Land Use Element Update could generate substantial noise and vibration near construction sites, and if sensitive receptors or land uses are adjacent to these sites, significant impacts could occur from noise or vibration. Construction activities can produce vibration that may be felt by adjacent land uses. As long as construction of a particular development did not require the use of equipment, such as pile drivers, known to generate substantial construction vibration levels, the primary source of vibration during construction would likely be from bulldozer operation. A small bulldozer has a vibration impact of

0.003 inches per second peak particle velocity (PPV) at 25 feet and 0.035 inches per second PPV is considered barely perceptive. It is possible that future development could result in significant vibration impacts if large construction projects are located adjacent to residential or other sensitive uses.

The proposed North Land Use Element Update and implementing actions do not authorize any construction or other land-altering activity that could result in construction-related vibration.

Potential vibration due to future construction activities would be assessed in conjunction with the City’s routine review of site-specific noise studies and the recommended design and mitigation measures as required. This will occur in the project planning process, prior to project approval, for projects subject to review under CEQA, and this will provide an adequate mechanism to require special measures to mitigate potentially significant vibration impacts of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan. Impacts resulting from construction–generated ground borne vibration and noise would be less than significant.
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3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 83 Figure 3.16-2
Area 1 Noise Contour
389

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 84 Figure 3.16-3
Area 2 Noise Contour
390

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 85 Figure 3.16-4
Area 3 Noise Contour
391

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 86 Figure 3.16-5
Area 4 Noise Contour
392

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 87

3.16 (c) Exposure to Excessive Public & Private Airport Noise Levels The Southern California Logistics Airport (SCLA) is adjacent to the eastern corporate boundary.

Overflights to and from SCLA are audible within Adelanto. The airport control tower operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. SCLA is a designated U.S. Port of Entry staffed around the clock with U.S. Customs and Border Patrol agents. SCLA is a Foreign Trade Zone.

The Southern California Logistics Airport Comprehensive Airport Land Use Plan (CALUP) contains policies and criteria that address compatibility between airports and future land uses. The CALUP addresses noise, overflight, and airspace protection concerns to minimize the public’s exposure to excessive noise and safety hazards within the airport influence area. Since the CALUP does not have land use authority, the surrounding cities implement the CALUPs through land use plans, development regulations, and zoning ordinances. The SCLA is located in the City of Victorville, however, the noise and safety hazards associated with the airport are addressed in the Adelanto General Plan.

The SCLA is located adjacent to the northeast portion of the Project Area, east of US 395 and north and south of Air Expressway. This facility is master planned for use as an air cargo inter-modal interface. The existing 65 dB noise contour lies entirely within the SCLA boundaries.

According to the future noise contour map included in the Airport Land Use Plan for SCLA and shown in Exhibit 4.12-2 (SCLA Long Range Noise Contours) in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, eastern parts of Adelanto are within the 65 dBA CNEL contour for long-term operational estimates. To address noise impacts, the ALUP suggests implementing measures to promote buyer awareness.

The ALUP also recommends promoting land uses that tolerate higher noise levels such as commercial and industrial. The 65 dBA CNEL noise contour for long- term airport activity overlays land designated Business Park, Manufacturing Industrial, and Light Manufacturing to the south, Mixed-Use, Manufacturing Industrial, Single Family Residential and Medium Density Residential to the west, and Desert Living to the north.

The proposed North Land Use Element Update and implementing actions do not authorize any development within the airport influence area and will not result in the direct exposure of airport noise to residents.

3.16.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to noise will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts than previously identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR and no new mitigation measures are required.
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3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 88

3.16.7 Conclusion
Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts related to noise that were not identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR. 394

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.17 Population and Housing
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 89

3.17 Population and Housing
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing
elsewhere?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.17.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.17.A Implementation of the proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions will have less than significant impacts related to inducing population, housing, and employment growth.

3.17.B The Comprehensive Sustainable Plan does not propose policies that would result in displacement or demolition of residential structures.

3.17.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

3.17.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
There are no policies identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan.

3.17.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures The Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR determined that impacts related to cultural resources were less than significant and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.17.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.17 (a) Substantial Population Growth
The proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (proposed North Land Use Element Update) plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new development.

A variety of economic factors will continue to drive the production of housing and the expansion of the local employment base, with respect to demographics, employment, interest rates, land values, household formation, etc. The proposed North Land Use Element Update does not establish the rate 395

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.17 Population and Housing
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 90 of growth in Adelanto. Rather, the proposed North Land Use Element Update identifies locations and densities/intensities for the full range of land uses to accommodate long-term anticipated growth. The actual rates of growth pursuant to land use policy will be driven by forces largely beyond the city’s control. The proposed North Land Use Plan Update will, however, accommodate new development and growth in areas currently either undeveloped or underdeveloped.

Although the proposed North Land Use Element Update promotes business growth in the Planning Area, the proposed North Land Use Element Update is designed to support a balance of jobs and housing. The current population of the City is estimated to be 36,357 residents. The long-term full buildout population capacity in the Project Area is estimated at 78,863 residents from the Adelanto North 2035 Plan. Considering SCAG estimates a population of 66,000, which is lower than the projected 68,400 for the year 2035, adequate capacity is available to accommodate up to 115 percent of the anticipated growth in the area. The long-term full buildout employment capacity in the Project Area is estimated at 37,304 employees. SCAG estimates employment at 10,000 in the year 2035, thus, adequate capacity is available to accommodate anticipated jobs in the area. Finally, the long-term full buildout housing capacity in the Project Area is estimated at 25,561 dwelling units.

SCAG estimates housing at 19,800 in the year 2045; thus, adequate capacity is available to accommodate anticipated housing in the area. Based on this analysis, there is adequate capacity to accommodate regional growth and substantial additional capacity to accommodate any additional growth induced by the policies of the Plan. Impacts will be less than significant.

3.17 (b) Displace Existing Housing or Substantial Numbers of People The proposed North Land Use Element Update proposes to transition the portions of east of U.S. 395 to back to the original 1994 General Plan land use designation of Manufacturing Industrial.

Existing development in that area includes Light Manufacturing and Industrial uses, which are compatible uses.

Displacement, in the context of housing, can generally be defined as persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence. The change in land use designation would increase compatibility with the SCLA and does not force existing residents from their homes. There is ample development potential for residential uses within the City to accommodate the long-term transition of this area.

As a programmatic document, the proposed North Land Use Element Update does not propose any specific development. In addition, the proposed North Land Use Element Update does not propose any policies that are intended to or would indirectly result in displacement or demolition of any permanent or temporary residential structures. As such, there is no forced or obliged removal of persons, and therefore no displacement. Impacts will be less than significant. 396

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3.17 Population and Housing
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 91

3.17.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to population and housing resources with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.17.7 Conclusion
The proposed North Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new residential development. The proposed changes would not substantially affect population or housing growth. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning population and housing has been discovered since Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR certification.

Thus, Project implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning population and housing than anticipated in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, and no mitigation is required.
397

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3.18 Public Services
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 92

3.18 Public Services
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable
service ratios, response times or other performance
objectives for any of the public services:
i) Fire protection? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
ii) Police protection? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
iii) Schools? ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐
iv) Parks? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
v) Other public facilities? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.18.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.18.Ai Impacts related to the expansion of fire protection facilities to maintain applicable service standards will be less than significant with implementation of existing General Plan and Municipal Code policies and requirements.

3.18.Aii Impacts related to the expansion of police protection facilities to maintain applicable service standards will be less than significant with implementation of existing General Plan and Municipal Code policies and requirements

3.18.Aiii Impacts related to the expansion of school facilities to maintain applicable service standards will be less than significant with implementation of existing state regulations.

3.18.Aiv Impacts related to the expansion and construction of parks to maintain applicable service standards will be less than significant with implementation of existing General Plan and Municipal Code policies and requirements.

3.18.Av Impacts related to the expansion and construction of other public facilities to maintain applicable service standards will be less than significant with implementation of existing Municipal Code requirements.

3.18.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.
398

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3.18 Public Services
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 93

3.18.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
There are no applicable General Plan Policies identified in the North 2035 General Plan FEIR.

3.18.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures As described in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR impacts related to public services were determined to be less than significant and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.18.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.18 (a.i) Fire Protection
Ensuring that fire protection and emergency services are adequate in serving the community as it grows over the long-term can be achieved through the construction of new fire stations and purchase of new equipment with a corresponding increase in fire and emergency service personnel.

The Fire Services Plan prepared by the North Desert Division of the San Bernardino County Fire Department shows that to maintain a 6-minute response time standard, one new fire station needs to be provided in the northern portion of the city and one new fire station needs to be provided in the southern portion of the city. These stations are recommended as development occurs in the northern and southeastern portions of Adelanto. Construction of new fire stations near undeveloped areas would increase first-response services. Equipment replacement standards have been developed based on recommendations from NFPA 1901, San Bernardino County Fire, and the call volume of vehicles.

Another key component of fire protection is adequate fire flow at local hydrants. Local water mains and hydrants may need to be upgraded and/or replaced over the long-term to ensure adequate fire flow to existing and future development.

An analysis of the impacts associated with possible fire facility expansion or construction is speculative at this time because the facility’s size, design, and location are unknown. If a f ire facility is to be expanded or constructed, the fire facility will undergo a development review process and will be subject to environmental review pursuant to CEQA. That environmental review will identify site specific conditions and physical changes resulting from fire station expansion, construction of new fire stations, or trenching needed for fire flow and water supply. Typical impacts may likely include short-term construction activities related to air quality pollutant emissions, temporary traffic detours, and equipment noise. Mitigation will be identified, as necessary, to reduce impacts related to fire and emergency service facilities expansion or new construction, as mandated by CEQA and implemented by the City through its local environmental review procedures. Impacts related to the expansion and new construction of fire protection and emergency service facilities will be less than significant with implementation of General Plan policies and environmental review standards. 399

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3.18 Public Services
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 94

3.18 (a.ii) Police Protection
The General Plan Safety Element requires review of development proposals by the Police Department to ensure that all appropriate construction safety measures are incorporated into all new development and to determine the possible impacts of each development on emergency services. Collection of DIF will offset the direct, cumulative, incremental, and indirect impacts of development on public facilities and services as growth is accommodated in the city guided by General Plan and Comprehensive Sustainable Plan policies.

If a police protection facility is to be expanded or constructed, the police facility will undergo a development review process and will be subject to environmental review pursuant to CEQA.

Environmental review will identify site specific conditions and physical changes resulting from police station expansion and construction of new fire stations. Typical impacts will likely include short-term construction activities related to air quality pollutant emissions, temporary traffic detours, and equipment noise. Mitigation will be identified, as necessary, to reduce impacts related to police service facilities expansion or new construction, as mandated by CEQA and implemented by the City through its local environmental review procedures. Impacts related to the expansion and new construction of police protection facilities will be less than significant with implementation of General Plan policies and environmental review standards.

3.18 (a.iii) Schools
Adelanto is served by two school districts: Adelanto Elementary School District, which provides elementary and middle School services throughout the City, and the Victor Valley Union High School District, which operates Adelanto High School. The nearest schools from the Project site are Harold George Visual and Performing Arts Magnet and Middle School (10650 Bartlett Avenue) and Westside Park Elementary School (18270 Casaba Road).

Table 3.18-1, Adelanto North 2035 Buildout Student Generation and Table 3.18-2 Proposed North General Plan Buildout Student Generation summaries the estimated impacts and comparison between the approved North 2035 General Plan and Proposed North General Plan.

Table 3.18-1
Student Generation – Adelanto North 2035 Buildout
School Level Student Generation Factor(1) (2) Number of Students Elementary School 0.3366 9,732
Junior High School 0.1041 3,010
High School 0.1439 4,160
Total – 16,902
Notes:
1) Elementary and Junior High School generation rates are based upon the Adelanto Elementary School District, School Facilities Justification Report, June 29, 2021. 2) High School student rate is based upon the Victor Valley Union High School District, Residential and Commercial/Industrial Development School Fee Justification Report, April 21, 2020. 400

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.18 Public Services
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 95 Table 3.18-2
Student Generation – Proposed Adelanto North General Plan Buildout School Level Student Generation Factor(1) (2) Number of Students Elementary School 0.3366 8,604
Junior High School 0.1041 2,661
High School 0.1439 3,678
Total – 14,943
Notes:
1) Elementary and Junior High School generation rates are based upon the Adelanto Elementary School District, School Facilities Justification Report, June 29, 2021. 2) High School student rate is based upon the Victor Valley Union High School District, Residential and Commercial/Industrial Development School Fee Justification Report, April 21, 2020.

As indicated in Tables 3.18-1 and 3.18-2 the proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (proposed North Land Use Element Update) implementation is estimated to reduce the impacts on the total number of students.

Both school districts are authorized by State law (Government Code §65995-6) to levy a new construction fee per square foot of industrial construction for the purpose or funding the reconstruction or construction of new school facilities. Pursuant to §65995(3)(h) of the California Government Code, the payment of statutory fees is “deemed to be full and complete mitigation of the impacts of any legislative or adjudicative act, or both, involving, but not limited to, the planning use, or development of real property, or any change in governmental organization or reorganization as defined in Section 56021 or 56073, on the provision of adequate school facilities.” Therefore, the payment of school impact fees for residential development would offset the potential impacts of increased student enrollment related to the implementation of the Project.

3.18 (a.iv) Parks
The City of Adelanto requires dedication of land, payment of fees in-lieu of parkland dedication, or a combination thereof at a rate of three acres of parkland per 1,000 residents for proposed residential subdivisions, pursuant to Adelanto Municipal Code Chapter 16.52. Payment of the in-lieu fee would ensure that the Project will not result in a significant impact with respect to parkland.

Impacts related to the physical impacts associated with use of existing recreation facilities is addressed in Section 3.19 (Recreation). Over the long-term, as the City acquires and develops parkland, localized environmental impacts are likely to occur depending on the conditions and location of the sites involved. Identification and mitigation of potentially significant impacts would occur as part of the City’s routine planning and design process for development projects, including proposals for development of parkland. Impacts will be less than significant.

3.18 (a.v) Impacts to Other Public Facilities
Long-term growth in the Planning Area provided by the proposed North Land Use Element Update will require incremental expansion of other public facilities, such as libraries and hospitals, to meet 401

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.18 Public Services
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 96 the needs of the community. Any new or expanded public facilities will be subject to environmental review pursuant to CEQA to identify any potentially significant environmental impacts and, if necessary, identify appropriate mitigation. Typical impacts will likely include short-term construction activities related to air quality pollutant emissions, temporary traffic detours, changes in traffic distribution, and noise. Impacts related to the expansion or construction of other public facilities will be less than significant with implementation of existing regulations.

3.18.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to public services will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.18.7 Conclusion
Development in the City has the potential to impact public services. Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the North 2035 Plan FEIR, implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts related to public services that were not identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.

The General Plan and related implementing actions established goals and policies for future residential, mixed-use, manufacturing, and industrial development throughout the Project Area.

The North General Plan does not authorize any site-specific land altering activities or any particular development project, infrastructure improvement, or community facility and thus will have no direct impact on current public services. Future development projects will be constructed in light of the policies of the General Plan, adopted General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures, and policies.

The proposed land use changes are to restore land use designation and zoning to the pre-Adelanto North 2035 Plan conditions. as such there will be no changes that would increase impacts on public services that were not considered in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR. 402

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3.19 Recreation
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 97

3.19 Recreation
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.19.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.19.A Impacts related to the accelerated deterioration of recreational facilities will be less than significant with implementation of the policies of the Comprehensive Sustainable Plan.

3.19.B Impacts related to the construction of recreational facilities will be less than significant.

3.19.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

3.19.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
There are no policies identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR for recreation.

3.19.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures The Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR determined that impacts related to recreation were less than significant and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.19.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.19 (a) Impacts to Existing Parks and Recreational Facilities Adelanto parks accommodate both active and passive recreational activities. Active park spaces include sports fields, game courts, playgrounds, and motocross parks. Passive parks may consist of green space with walking paths, sitting and picnic areas, and natural, undeveloped areas. Adelanto parks range in size from small mini parks to neighborhood parks. The City currently maintains and operates four public park facilities totaling over 30 acres.

The proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (proposed North Land Use Element Update) and implementing actions would not result in direct deterioration to recreational 403

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.19 Recreation
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 98 facilities because it does not authorize any specific development project or other kind of land altering activity that could increase the use of existing recreational facilities.

Long-term increases in the residential population guided by the policies of the proposed North Land Use Element Update will result in the increased use of existing parks and recreation facilities.

Substantial deterioration of existing facilities could occur if the level of usage intensifies significantly, and the maintenance of affected facilities does not keep pace with intensified use and additional park facilities are not provided to meet existing and the increased demand.

Community, neighborhood, and other parks cannot be identified at the program-level because they must be constructed strategically to be accessible to future development, as it occurs. The Plan supports development of new parks concurrently with long-term development to ensure that the existing parkland deficiency does not increase and that the recreational needs of future residents are met. Considering the City’s existing policies require the provision of parkland for new residents and that adequate parkland is in the form of Greenbelts and Open Space has been identified, adequate park and recreational facilities will be available over the long-term; therefore, accelerated deterioration of park and recreational facilities will not occur. Impacts will be less than significant

3.19 (b) Impacts to Construction or Expansion of Recreational Facilities The proposed North Land Use Element Update guides growth and development within the City and is not a development project; therefore, it does not include or require the construction of recreational facilities that would result in any environmental impacts. However, development pursuant to the proposed North Land Use Element Update would result in the construction of new or expansion of existing recreational facilities in the City. Development and operation of new recreational facilities may have an adverse physical effect on the environment, including impacts relating to air quality, biological resources, lighting, noise, and traffic. However, it is speculative to determine the location of proposed park facilities in the City and impacts arising from development of individual park projects. Goals, policies, and actions in the existing General Plan, along with existing federal, state, and local regulations, would mitigate potential adverse impacts to the environment that may result from the expansion of parks, recreational facilities, and trails pursuant to the proposed North Land Use Element Update. The proposed North Land Use Element Update does not specifically identify any location for the creation of new parks but does identify the location of easement and drainage greenbelts that may include nominal recreational facilities such as stabilized trails, landscaping, benches, playground equipment, and other passive and active recreational facilities. Potential construction-related impacts of park and recreational facilities are typical of other development projects that include pollutant emissions from site preparation and grading activities and temporary traffic increases due to construction, hauling, and vendor trips.

Impacts related to the construction of parks and recreational facilities will be assessed when proposed as part of future residential development projects or independently by the City as required by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the City’s standard environmental review 404

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.19 Recreation
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 99 procedures. Construction mitigation will be identified, if necessary, to reduce, minimize, and/or avoid potential impacts to the environment. Long-term construction-related impacts of parks and recreational facilities will be less than significant with implementation of existing standards and regulations.

3.19.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to recreation resources with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.19.7 Conclusion
The proposed North Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new development. Therefore, the proposed changes would not affect parks or recreational uses. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning recreation has been discovered since the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR certification. Thus, Project implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning recreation than anticipated in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, and no mitigation is required.
405

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3.20 Transportation
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 100

3.20 Transportation
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Conflict with a program, plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines § 15064.3, subdivision (b)? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Result in inadequate emergency access? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.20.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions Changes to California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines were adopted in December 2018, which require all lead agencies to adopt Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) as a replacement for automobile delay-based level of service (LOS) as the new measure for identifying transportation impacts for land use projects. This statewide mandate took effect July 1, 2020. Impacts related to LOS will be evaluated through the City’s development review process apart from CEQA.

The Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR contained analysis of Level of Service, which as stated above is no longer the recognized methodology for determining a Project’s impacts on transportation. The findings of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR are present below.

3.20.A, B Long-term implementation of land use policy, in combination with regional contributions to traffic on the local road network, will cause an increase in traffic that will result in two roadway segments to operate at Level of Service F and one to operate at LOS D. Impacts will be significant.

3.20.C Impact with respect to traffic hazards would be less than significant.

3.20.D Impact with respect to emergency access would be less than significant.

3.20.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
The Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR found that LOS would be significantly impacted on three roadway segments.
• US 395 between Palmdale Road and Air Expressway (LOS F with the project) – the project adds traffic to this location and the impact is considered significant – LOS F 406

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.20 Transportation
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 101 • US 395 between Air Expressway and El Mirage Road (LOS F with the project) – the project adds traffic to this location and the impact is considered significant – From LOS C or better to LOS F
• US 395 between El Mirage Road and SR-58 (LOS D with the project) – the project adds traffic to this location and the impact is considered significant. – LOS D.

3.20.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
M 1.9 Require developers to construct or pay their fair share toward improvements for all modes consistent with this Mobility Chapter, and specific impacts associated with their development.

M 3.2 Require sidewalk improvements be constructed concurrent with new development where commercial and school uses are planned and where residential densities exceed two units per acre, or as required by the Planning Commission.

3.20.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures The Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR determined that impacts related to transportation with regard to LOS were significant and unavoidable. Additionally, no mitigation could be identified as the City does not have jurisdiction implement freeway and highway improvements.

3.20.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.20 (a) Conflict with a plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities
The Mobility Element of the Adelanto North 2035 established the local circulation plan to guide growth in Adelanto. The Mobility Element is the circulation plan for the entire City, so there will be no significant impacts regarding conflicts with applicable plans.

All of the goals, policies, and programs of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan Mobility Element are specifically related to the movement of goods and people, including pedestrians, bicycles, transit, light rail and commuter rail, air, and automobile traffic flows.

Public transportation services within the City of Adelanto and near the proposed Planning Area is provided by the Victor Valley Transit Authority (VVTA). The Project is not proposing any improvements that would conflict with any existing routes or any future transit route in the area.

In October 2020, the City adopted the Adelanto Active Transportation Plan. Adelanto in Motion, An Active Transportation Plan (“Plan”) which represents a new commitment to walking and biking in Adelanto. Future development would be required to construct streets that meet City standards that provides sidewalks and pavement that would accommodate bicycle travel. 407

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.20 Transportation
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 102 Based on the preceding analysis, the proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (proposed North Land Use Element Update) would not conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities.

3.20 (b) Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3, subdivision (b) The City of Adelanto City Council adopted Resolution No. 20-41 on June 24, 2020, which approved VMT thresholds for CEQA compliance purposes. A project is considered to have a less than significant impact related to VMT if it is located in a low VMT generating traffic analysis zone (TAZ).

As specified within the Adelanto’s VMT Guidelines, the San Bernardino County Transportation Authority (SBCTA) VMT Screening Tool has been used to determine if the Project site is located within a Low VMT Zone.

The San Bernardino County Transportation Authority’s (SBCTA) VMT screening tool evaluates project sites potentially located within a “low VMT generating area”. These are areas in the which the existing land uses (or the projected land uses) generate low levels of VMT due to the characteristic of the land uses in the area or due to the area’s geographic location near other areas with a mix of land uses, so people need not drive far for work, shopping, or school. The tool identifies the average VMT for the land uses in each of the SBCTA model’s traffic analysis zones (TAZs) by horizon year. The average VMT metric for a TAZ is compared against the County’s average VMT threshold of 32.7 VMT / service population as adopted by the City of Adelanto. If the land uses in the TAZ in which the proposed project is located generates VMT less than the threshold, the Project is in a low VMT generating area. The Project may then be presumed to have a less-than significant impact on VMT as long as the Project’s land use is consistent with the existing and/or planned land use within the TAZ that was found to generate low levels of VMT. If the project land use is substantially different than the land use assumed in the SBCTA model, then the project cannot be presumed to have the same low VMT characteristics.

Pursuant to CEQA and implementation of the VMT Guidelines, individual development projects will be assessed to determine if potential VMT thresholds are exceeded. Such analyses will include project-specific mitigation measures, as appropriate.

3.20 (c & d) Design Hazards & Emergency Access
Buildout of the proposed North Land Use Element Update could result in some changes to the City’s circulation network, but would not increase hazards or impact emergency access due to design features. All future roadway system improvements associated with development and redevelopment activates under the General Plan would be designed in accordance with the established roadway design standards, some of which have also been incorporated into the Circulation Element of the General Plan.
408

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.20 Transportation
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 103 The Circulation Element includes policies that require the City to comply with federal, state, and local design and safety standards when designing roadways and on-street and off-street pedestrian and bicycle pathways. Impacts to the circulation system and to emergency access as a result of implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update would be less than significant.

3.20.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to transportation will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.20.7 Conclusion
Development in the City has the potential to impact transportation and circulation. Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts relate to transportation that were not identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.

The Adelanto North 2035 Plan and related implementing actions established goals and policies for future residential, mixed-use, manufacturing, and industrial development throughout the Project Area. The General Plan did not authorize any site-specific land altering activities or any particular development project, infrastructure improvement, or community facility and thus will have no direct impact on current transportation. Future development projects will be constructed in light of the policies of the General Plan, adopted General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures, and policies.

The proposed North Land Use Element Update land use changes are to restore land use designation and zoning to the pre-Adelanto North 2035 Plan conditions. as such there will be no changes that would increase impacts on transportation that were not considered in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.
409

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3.21 Tribal Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 104

3.21 Tribal Cultural Resources
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code Section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
i) Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code Section
5020.1(k)? Or
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
ii) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its
discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1? In applying
the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native
American Tribe
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.21.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions The CEQA section for Tribal Cultural Resources was not implemented and added to the CEQA environmental review until 2016 as a result of AB-52 Native Americans: California Environmental Quality Act. Since the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR certification, CEQA Guidelines Appendix G has been revised to include new Tribal Cultural Resources thresholds. Public Resources Code §21080.3.1 requires a lead agency to consult with any California Native American tribe that requests consultation and is traditionally and culturally affiliated with the geographic area of the proposed project prior to the release of a negative declaration, mitigated negative declaration, or EIR. As the FEIR was certified prior to 2016 the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR did not implement the notification and consultation procedures required by AB 52.

However, the EIR did take into account impacts to Tribal Cultural Resources (formerly “Cultural Resources”) subject to the following provisions:
• Included in the Regulatory Framework section of the EIR, that State law addresses the disposition of Native American burials in archaeological sites and protects such remains from disturbance, vandalism, or inadvertent destruction; establishes procedures to be implemented if Native American skeletal remains are discovered during construction of a project; and establishes the Native American Heritage Commission to resolve disputes regarding the disposition of such remains. In addition, the Native American Historic Resource 410

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.21 Tribal Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 105 Protection Act makes it a misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in jail to deface or destroy an Indian historic or cultural site that is listed or may be eligible for listing in the California Register of Historic Resources.
• Implemented the requirements of SB18 by sending a request for a Sacred Lands File Search on November 15, 2011, to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to conduct a search of its Sacred Lands File to determine if cultural resources important to Native Americans have been recorded within the Planning Area. The NAHC provided a list of Native American contacts for consultation. A letter was prepared and mailed to each of the NAHClisted contacts on November 17, 2011. On November 18, 2011, a response from the NAHC was received stating that the search of its Sacred Lands File did not indicate the presence of Native American cultural resources within a 0.5-mile radius of the Planning Area. To date, no responses have been received from the letters that were sent to the NAHC-listed contacts. • In the event human remains are encountered, the discovery is required to comply with State of California Public Resources Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5-7055. Specifically, Health and Safety Code §7050.5 describes the requirements if any human remains are discovered during excavation of a site. As required by state law, the requirements and procedures set forth in Section 5097.98 of the California Public Resources Code would be implemented, including notification of the County Coroner, notification of the Native American Heritage Commission, and consultation with the individual identified by the Native American Heritage Commission to be the “most likely descendant.” If human remains are found during excavation, excavation must stop in the vicinity of the find and any area that is reasonably suspected to overlie adjacent remains until the County Coroner has been contacted, the remains investigated, and appropriate recommendations made for the treatment and disposition of the remains.

3.21.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.

3.21.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
Program OS-11 Archaeological Sensitivity. To determine the archaeological sensitivity of a proposed planning area, archaeological resources assessments shall be performed under the supervision of an archaeologist that meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards (PQS) in either prehistoric or historic archaeology. Assessments shall include a CHRIS records search at the SBAIC and of the Sacred Lands File maintained by the NAHC. The records searches will determine if the proposed planning area has been previously surveyed for archaeological resources, identify and characterize the results of previous cultural resource surveys, and disclose any cultural resources that have been recorded and/or evaluated. A pedestrian survey shall be undertaken in undeveloped areas of the planning area to locate any surface cultural materials. By performing a records search, consultation with the NAHC, and a pedestrian survey, a 411

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3.21 Tribal Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 106 qualified archaeologist will classify the planning area as having High, Medium, or Low sensitivity for archaeological resources.

3.21.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures Because the NAHC Sacred Lands File search was negative for known sacred Native American cultural resources within the Area of Analysis, and because no tribes responded to the request for consultation under SB18, no mitigation measures were required. Any cultural resources encountered during ground disturbing activities are addressed through compliance State law (Public Resources Code §5097-5097.993) and Health and Safety Code §§7050.5-7055.

3.21.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.21 (a) Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k) Long-term development and redevelopment, including grading, of sensitive areas could impact archaeological and Tribal Cultural resources. Thus, there is a potential to uncover archaeological resources within the City during development activities.

Implementation of the existing General Plan Policies included as part of the North GP provides protection and preservation of Historical Resources and impacts of the proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (proposed North Land Use Element Update) are less than significant.

Sacred Lands File Search
Pursuant to CEQA, future development in the Project Area will require a Sacred Lands File request to the State of California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) for a records search on a specific project site. The NAHC is the State of California’s trustee agency for the protection of “tribal cultural resources,” as defined by California Public Resources Code §21074, and is tasked with identifying and cataloging properties of Native American cultural value, including places of special religious, spiritual, or social significance and known graves and cemeteries throughout the state.

Such analyses will include project-specific mitigation measures, as appropriate. 412

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.21 Tribal Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 107 Assembly Bill (AB) 52
The provisions in the Public Resources Code related to tribal cultural resources created a process for consultation with California Native American Tribes during the CEQA process. Tribal Governments can request consultation with a lead agency and give input into potential impacts to tribal cultural resources before the agency decides what kind of environmental assessment is appropriate for a proposed project.

The land within the City has the potential to yield archaeological or tribal cultural resources from past Native American activities. State regulations requires consultation with local Native American tribal groups under both SB 18 and AB 52. Implementation of the existing North 2035 GP Policies along with Tribal Consultation provides protection and preservation of Archaeological Resources and impacts of the proposed North Land Use Element Update are less than significant.

3.21.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No new or added mitigation measures are required.

3.21.7 Conclusion
The proposed North Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new development. No new information of substantial importance concerning Tribal Cultural Resources has been discovered since the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR certification. Thus, Project implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning Tribal Cultural Resources.

During future development Tribal Cultural Resources, as defined in Public Resources Code §21074, may be inadvertently uncovered during ground disturbing activities associated with development under the proposed North Land Use Element Update. Damage or destruction of such tribal cultural resources would be a potentially significant impact. However, with the implementation of Native American consultation, impacts would be reduced to less than significant. 413

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 108

3.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment or storm water
drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during
normal, dry, and multiple years?
☐ ☐ ☒ ☐
c) Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider, which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project's projected demand in addition to the provider's existing commitments?
☐ ☐ ☒ ☐
d) Generate solid waste more than State or local standards, or more than the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals?
☐ ☐ ☒ ☐
e) Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.22.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions

3.22.A & E Impacts related to the exceedance of wastewater treatment requirements of the Adelanto Wastewater Treatment Facility and inadequate capacity will be less than significant based on existing City plans and regulatory requirements.

3.22.B Impacts related to the potential future construction of water and wastewater infrastructure will be less than significant with implementation of existing City standards.

3.22.C Impacts related to the potential future expansion of storm drain facilities will be less than significant with implementation of existing City standards.

3.22.D Implementation of the proposed Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainable Plan and implementing actions will not require new or expanded water supply entitlements to be secured.

3.22.F & G Impacts associated with solid waste regulations and adequacy of disposal sites will be less than significant pursuant to existing policies and regulations.

3.22.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.
414

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3.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 109

3.22.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
There are no policies identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR for Utilities and Service Systems.

3.22.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures The Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR determined that impacts related to utilities and service systems were less than significant and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.22.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.22 (a) Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects?
Future development under the proposed Adelanto North General Plan Land Use Element Update (proposed North Land Use Element Update) would require or result in the construction of new water, wastewater, stormwater draining, electric, natural gas and telecommunications infrastructure (e.g., laterals, mains, service connections, transmission line, etc.). All new housing development pursuant to the Plan would be subject to the same utility and service system requirements and standards as development considered in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.

Additionally, all development would still be required to adhere to policies identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan Public Services and Utilities Element. Impacts would remain less than significant as identified in the FEIR. The proposed North Land Use Element Update would not change the conclusions identified in the FEIR associated with demand for and impact on services. Therefore, no greater impact would occur from the implementation of the proposed Plan than that identified in the FEIR.

3.22.(b) Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years? Potable water is provided by the Adelanto Public Utility Authority (APUA), an independent agency responsible for water and wastewater service within Adelanto. The water service area encompasses approximately 50 square miles and provides water for drinking and fire protection. This is accomplished with a network of water wells, pumps, storage tanks, and water distribution lines.

Urban Water Management Plan
The Adelanto 2020 UWMP documented General Plan land uses, population, and proposed projects as well as projections that reflect increases in population, planned residential and commercial development at the time of the assessment. The 2020 UWMP plan determined that there would be adequate water supply for the residential, general commercial, industrial, and open space parks and resources within the City’s Public Works Water Service Area. Although the proposed Project zoning 415

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3.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 110 was not part of the current Adelanto North 2035 Plan that was evaluated under the 2020 UWMP, as indicated in Table 3.22-3 and Table 3.22-4 below, the proposed project is estimated to decrease the overall water demand as compared to the existing land uses under the Adelanto North 2035 Plan.

Groundwater
The sole source of water in the City is from groundwater in the Mojave River Groundwater Basin, commonly referred to as the Mojave Basin Area (MBA). The MBA is an adjudicated and pursuant to the Judgment, the Court appointed the Mojave Water Agency (MWA) as Watermaster of the MBA.

For management purposes under the Mojave Basin Judgment, MWA subdivided the Mojave River watershed and associated groundwater basins into five subareas: Alto, Baja, Centro, Este, and Oeste. The City of Adelanto lies within MWA’s Alto Subarea. Adelanto and the other purveyors in the area supply water to their customers from local groundwater. MWA replenishes the groundwater supply, primarily with imported water purchased from the State Water Project (SWP).

The court ordered adjudication of the Mojave Basin Area allocates a variable free production allowance (FPA) to each purveyor that supplies 10 AFY or more, including Adelanto. The FPA can vary from year to year depending on the Watermaster’s safe yield projections for the Basin.

Historic Groundwater Production
The City’s potable water system is supplied by groundwater from 7 active potable wells.

Additionally, the City has 9 wells currently inactive, 1 non-potable well, 2 emergency interties with the Victorville Water District and one with the Mojave Water Agency. The City’s 7 active wells have a combined nominal capacity of 4,728 gallons per minute (gpm). The groundwater production for the previous 5 years (2016 to 2020) is contained in Table 3.22-1 Historic Groundwater Production.

Table 3.22-1
Historic Groundwater Production
Groundwater Volume Pumped Past Five Years
Groundwater Type Location or Basin Name
Volume Pumped (AF)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
City – Alluvial Basin Mojave River Groundwater Basin,
Alto Subarea
4,181 3,599 3,963 3,631 3,785
VWD – Alluvial Basin Mojave River Groundwater Basin,
Alto Subarea
3 724 178 852 862
Totals 4,184 4,323 4,141 4,483 4,647
Projected Water Supply
The projected water supply available through 2045 is shown in Table 3.22-2, per the 2020 UWMP Table ES-2. The City will continue to use groundwater as the sole source of potable water supply combined with supplemental water through an intertie with MWA. The City’s projected supply is 416

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3.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 111 the available FPA, which is currently 2,851 AFY, which may be adjusted annually by the Watermaster. Transfers between MWA and the City is also from groundwater; future year projections are determined based on the difference between available FPA and forecasted demand, although more would be available as needed. Recycled water will begin delivery for irrigation uses by 2025, increasing through 2045.

Table 3.22-2
Projected Water Supply
Water Supplies – Projected to 2045
Water Supply
Additional Detail on
Water Supply
Projected Water Supply
Reasonably Available Volume
(acre feet per year)
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Safe Yield of Alto Subarea
Alto Subarea Production Safe Yield1 64,406 64,406 64,406 64,406 64,406 Reasonably Available Volume
City of Adelanto FPA of Safe Yield 2,851 2,851 2,851 2,851 2,851 Mojave Water Agency Intertie with MWA 2,145 2,409 2,575 2,733 2,915 Recycled Water Non-Potable 20 23 25 25 27
Totals 5,016 5,283 5,451 5,609 5,793
Source: 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
Notes: *DWR Submittal Table 6-9. 1 MWA Watermaster Report Water Year 2019-20, May 2021, Table 5-1 Normal Year, Single Year, and Multiple Year Supply
As stated previously in this chapter, due to its reliance on local groundwater sources, the City has not experienced any actual supply deficiencies, even during multiple drought years. The City does not anticipate a deficit in available water supplies during a dry year or during multiple dry years.

According to the 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, the City is confident that water supplies are adequate to meet demands for all weather conditions through 2045.

Groundwater Management
The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, passed by the California Legislature in 2014, is an effort to regulate the use of groundwater in the state so that it is sustainable into the long- term future.

The majority of the Mojave IRWM Plan Region is part of an adjudicated basin pursuant to:
1) Stipulated Judgment in City of Barstow, et al. v. City of Adelanto, et al., Riverside County Superior Court Case No. 2018568 and 2) Hi-Desert Water District v. Yucca Valley Water Company Ltd, San Bernardino County Court Case No. 172103. SGMA does not apply to these adjudicated areas. 417

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3.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 112 Imported Water
During normal operation there are no water transfers or exchanges of water within the City’s service area. The City water system has two available interties with VWD which has been utilized during the past 5 -years and now has an intertie with MWA for future years.

The MWA purchases State Water Project (SWP) water for groundwater recharge. MWA’s available SWP supply has historically been greater than the demands within their service area. MWA stores excess water in various groundwater basins for future use when SWP supplies are limited or not available. To enhance the long-term reliability of the water supply, MWA continues to explore opportunities to purchase water supplies from other water agencies and sources in addition to the SWP water supply.

Recycled / Non-Potable Water
At this time there is no recycled water available in for customer use in Adelanto. However, recycled water capacity is being developed and is anticipated for distribution for irrigation purposes by 2025 and increasing through 2045.

As described in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, adequate water supplies are available to meet the projected average daily demand at General Plan build-out.

North General Plan Water Demand Estimates
Table 3.22-3 Adelanto North 2035 Plan Buildout Water Demand Estimate shows estimated water demand for full buildout of the Project Area from the North 2035 General Plan FEIR. Estimated water demand for the Project Area was calculated at the at the 700 gpd/EDU, 600 gpd/EDU, and 500 gpd for EDU. Table 3.22-4 Proposed North General Plan Buildout Water Demand Estimate provides the estimated water demand from the proposed land use changes using the demand and EDU factors from the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR. The proposed land use updates are estimated to decease the overall water demand for the project area.
418

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3.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 113 Table 3.22-3
Adelanto North 2035 Plan Buildout Water Demand Estimate Land Use Type
Total Area
(acres)
Equivalent Dwelling Units
(EDU)
Subtotal Water Demand
(gallons per day)
Per Acre Total
700
gpd/EDU
600
gpd/EDU
500
gpd/EDU
Desert Living (DL-2.5) 2,316.9 0.4 926.76 648,732 556,056 463,380 Desert Living (DL-9) 3,405.1 0.11 374.6 262,220 224,760 187,300 Desert Living (DL-5) 5,561.3 0.20 1,112.3 778,610 667,380 556,150 Single Family Residential (R-S5) 1,753.0 4 7,012 4,908,400 4,207,200 3,506,000 Single Family Residential (R-S1) 556.3 2 1,112.6 778,820 667,560 556,300 Medium Density Residential (R-M12) 677.5 6 4,065 2,845,500 2,439,000 2,032,500 Mixed Use (MU) – Residential 174.0 6 1,044 730,800 626,400 522,000 Mixed Use (MU) – Retail 174.0 2 348 243,600 208,800 174,000 Manufacturing/Industrial (MI) 1,327.8 2 2,655.0 1,858,500 1,593,000 1,327,500 Light Manufacturing (LM) 1,559.7 2 3,119.4 2,183,580 1,871,640 1,559,700 Business Park (BP) 1,198.8 2 2,397.6 1,678,320 1,438,560 1,198,800 Airport Development District (ADD) 2,870.3 2 5,740.6 4,018,420 3,444,360 2,870,300 Public Utility (PU) 273.9 4 1,095.6 766,920 657,360 547,800 Open Space/Public Land (OS) 9,772.9 0 0 0 0 0
Greenbelt Corridor Drainage (GCD) 378.2 0 0 0 0 0
Greenbelt Corridor Easement (GCE) 1,029.7 0 0 0 0 0
Roads and Roadway Right-of-Way (RD) 2,274.3 0 0 0 0 0
Total 35,303.7 31,003.5 21,702,422 18,602,076 15,501,730 Table 3.22-4
Proposed North General Plan Buildout Water Demand Estimate Land Use Type
Total Area
(acres)
Equivalent Dwelling Units
(EDU)
Subtotal Water Demand
(gallons per day)
Per Acre Total
700
gpd/EDU
600
gpd/EDU
500
gpd/EDU
Desert Living (DL-2.5) 2,316.9 0.4 926.76 648,732 556,056 463,380 Desert Living (DL-9) 3,405.1 0.11 374.6 262,220 224,760 187,300 Desert Living (DL-5) 5,561.3 0.20 1,112.3 778,610 667,380 556,150 Single Family Residential (R-S5) 516.3 4 2,065.2 1,445,640 1,239,120 1,032,600 Single Family Residential (R-S1) 1,792.3 2 3,584.6 2,509,220 2,150,760 1,792,100 Medium Density Residential (R-M12) 677.5 6 4,065 2,845,500 2,439,000 2,032,500 Mixed Use (MU) – Residential 128.5 6 771 539,700 462,600 385,500 Mixed Use (MU) – Retail 128.5 2 257 179,900 154,200 128,500 Manufacturing/Industrial (MI) 2,282.2 2 4,570.4 3,199,280 2,742,240 2,285,200 Light Manufacturing (LM) 1,446.2 2 2,892.4 2,024,680 1,735,440 1,446,200 Business Park (BP) 448.9 2 897.8 628,460 538,680 448,900 Airport Development District (ADD) 2,870.3 2 5,740.6 4,018,420 3,444,360 2,870,300 Public Utility (PU) 273.9 4 1,095.6 766,920 657,360 547,800 Open Space/Public Land (OS) 9,772.9 0 0 0 0 0
Greenbelt Corridor Drainage (GCD) 378.2 0 0 0 0 0
Greenbelt Corridor Easement (GCE) 1,029.7 0 0 0 0 0
Roads and Roadway Right-of-Way (RD) 2,274.3 0 0 0 0 0
Total 35,304 – 28,353.3 19,847,282 17,011,956 14,176,430 419

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 114 According to the 2020 UWMP, “With continued effective water management strategies, the City is projected to have 100 percent water reliability in a single dry year or 5-consecutive-year drought conditions for the forecast period to 2045.”

3.22 (c) Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments?
Wastewater
The proposed North Land Use Element Update and implementing actions will not directly result in the exceedance of RWQCB treatment standards or require expansion of existing wastewater treatment facilities, because no development or land alteration activities are specifically authorized by the proposed North Land Use Element Update. Localized environmental impacts associated with the future expansion of facilities are subject to project-level environmental review pursuant to CEQA. Impacts associated with a lack of wastewater treatment capacity include accelerated deterioration of existing facilities, the potential for health hazards due to wastewater backup, and discharges of untreated wastewater into the environment. Future development within the Planning Area guided by the policies of the General Plan and the Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR could affect RWQCB treatment standards by increasing wastewater production.

Using the wastewater generation rates from the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR as shown in Table

3.22-5 below, Table 3.22-6 shows estimated wastewater flow for the Project Area at buildout of the proposed North Land Use Element Update. As shown on Table 3.22-1, total wastewater flow for buildout of the Project Area under the Adelanto North 2035 Plan is estimated to be 6,340,168 gpd, or 36 percent of the estimated 17,432,635 gpd wastewater flow for buildout of the City of Adelanto.

The updated land use plan in the North General Plan wastewater flow for buildout is estimated to be 5,659,292 gpd or 32% of the estimated wastewater flow for buildout of the City.

Based on anticipated wastewater services for the proposed North Land Use Element Update area and feasible plans for additional treatment capacity, impacts associated with wastewater treatment requirements will be less than significant because long-term discharges will be able to be handled in accordance with future discharge requirements. Additionally, the changes in land use will reduce the impacts of wastewater from the estimates in the certified Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR. 420

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3.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 115 Table 3.22-5
Adelanto North 2035 Plan Buildout Wastewater Flow Estimate Land Use Type
Total Area
(acres)
Equivalent Dwelling Units
(EDU)
Wastewater
Duty
Coefficient
(gpd/EDU)
Sub-Total
Wastewater
Flow
Per Acre Total (gpd)
Desert Living (DL-2.5) 2,316.9 0.4 926.76 200 185,352
Desert Living (DL-9) 3,405.1 0.11 374.6 200 75,120
Desert Living (DL-5) 5,561.3 0.20 1,112.3 200 222,460
Single Family Residential (R-S5) 1,753.0 4 7,012 200 1,402,360 Single Family Residential (R-S1) 556.3 2 1,112.6 200 222,520 Medium Density Residential (R-M12) 677.5 6 4,065 200 813,000 Mixed Use (MU) – Residential 174.0 6 1,044 200 208,800
Mixed Use (MU) – Retail 174.0 2 348 200 69,600
Manufacturing/Industrial (MI) 1,327.8 2 2,655.0 200 531,000 Light Manufacturing (LM) 1,559.7 2 3,119.4 200 623,880
Business Park (BP) 1,198.8 2 2,397.6 200 479,520
Airport Development District (ADD) 2,870.3 2 5,740.6 200 1,148,120 Public Utility (PU) 273.9 4 1,095.6 200 219,120
Open Space (OS) 9,772.9 0 0 200 0
Greenbelt Corridor Drainage (GCD) 378.2 0 0 200 0
Greenbelt Corridor Easement (GCE) 1,029.7 0 0 200 0
Roads and Roadway Right- of-Way (RD) 2,274.3 0 0 200 0
Total 35,303.7 31,003.46 6,200,852
Table 3.22-6
Proposed North General Plan Buildout Wastewater Flow Estimate Land Use Type
Total Area
(acres)
Equivalent Dwelling Units
(EDU)
Wastewater
Duty
Coefficient
(gpd/EDU)
Sub-Total
Wastewater
Flow
Per Acre Total (gpd)
Desert Living (DL-2.5) 2,316.9 0.4 926.76 200 185,352
Desert Living (DL-9) 3,405.1 0.11 374.6 200 75,120
Desert Living (DL-5) 5,561.3 0.20 1,112.3 200 222,460
Single Family Residential (R-S5) 516.7 4 2,067 200 413,400 Single Family Residential (R-S1) 1,792.3 2 3,585 200 717,000 Medium Density Residential (R-M12) 677.5 6 4,065 200 813,000 Mixed Use (MU) – Residential 128.5 6 771 200 143,400
Mixed Use (MU) – Retail 128.5 2 257 200 51,400
Manufacturing/Industrial (MI) 2,282.2 2 4564.4 200 912,880 Light Manufacturing (LM) 1,446.2 2 2,892.4 200 578,480
Business Park (BP) 448.9 2 897.8 200 179,560
Airport Development District (ADD) 2,870.3 2 5,740.6 200 1,148,120 Public Utility (PU) 273.9 4 1,095.6 200 219,120
Open Space (OS) 9,772.9 0 0 200 0
Greenbelt Corridor Drainage (GCD) 378.2 0 0 200 0
Greenbelt Corridor Easement (GCE) 1,029.7 0 0 200 0
Roads and Roadway Right- of-Way (RD) 2,274.3 0 0 200 0
Total 35,303.7 28,349.46 5,659,292
421

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3.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 116

3.22 (d) Generate solid waste more than State or local standards, or more than the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals:

Based on solid waste generation rates by land use calculated in the California Emissions Estimator Model for full buildout, approximately 128,274 tons of tons of solid waste would be generated annually throughout the Planning Area which is 50,117 tons less than the 178,391 estimated in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.

Although, solid waste may ultimately be disposed of at various landfills, the closest landfill to the Project site is the Victorville Sanitary Landfill located at 18600 Stoddard Wells Road, approximately

10.5 miles to the east. According the CalRecycle website, the Victorville Sanitary Landfill has a daily throughput of 3,000 tons per day and a remaining capacity of 93,400,000 cubic yards. The expected closure is October 1, 2047. As such, there is adequate landfill capacity to serve the Project.

3.22 (e) Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste:

The City will continue to implement a variety of solid waste reduction, recycling, and re-use measures to meet its obligation under AB 939. These efforts will be coordinated with waste management programs administered by the County of San Bernardino through its CWIMP; therefore, future landfill diversion rates may improve. The policies and programs of the proposed North Land Use Element Update will not interfere with implementation of existing solid waste disposal regulations.

Avco Disposal (Burrtec) currently provides solid waste collection services to the City. Avco is required to provide these services in compliance with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste. Impacts related to solid waste disposal methods and regulations will be less than significant.

3.22.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to utilities and service systems will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.22.7 Conclusion
Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, implementation of the proposed Land Use changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts related to utilities and service systems that were not identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.

Additionally, as indicated in the analysis water demand, wastewater demand, and solid waste generation are estimated to be reduced as a result of the proposed North Land Use Element Update. 422

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.23 Wildfire
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 117

3.23 Wildfire
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post‐fire slope instability, or drainage changes? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

3.23.1 Summary of Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR Conclusions The CEQA Wildfire section was not implemented and added to the CEQA environmental review until 2018 (§15126.2(a)). The Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR contained an analysis of impacts on wildfire as described in Section 3.12 of this document, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, and summarized below.

The majority of the Project Area is in a Moderate Fire Hazard Severity Zone. There are no Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones within the Project Area. The context for assessing wildfire hazards exists wherever the urban environment interfaces with wildlands. Cumulative wildfire impacts can occur as development in fire hazard areas increase, not only because the number of people and structures exposed to wildfires is increasing but also because increased density supports the spreading of wildfires. The Adelanto North 2035 Plan generally limits the exposure of potential development to wildfire hazards by maintaining lower residential densities and open space areas in the Shadow Mountains area. With implementation of required fire codes, the project will not result in cumulatively considerable impacts related to wildfires.

3.23.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.
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3.23 Wildfire
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 118

3.23.3 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies
There were no applicable general plan policies identified for wildfire in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan and FEIR.

3.23.4 Applicable Adelanto North 2035 Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures As described in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, impacts related to wildfire were determined to be less than significant and no mitigation measures were identified.

3.23.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

3.23 (a-d) Wildfire Impacts
A wildfire is a nonstructural fire that occurs in vegetative fuels, excluding prescribed fire. Wildfires can occur in undeveloped areas and spread to urban areas where the landscape and structures are not designed and maintained to be ignition resistant. As stated in the State of California’s General Plan Guidelines: “California’s increasing population and expansion of development into previously undeveloped areas is creating more ’wildland-urban interface’ issues with a corresponding increased risk of loss to human life, natural resources, and economic assets associated with wildland fires.” To address this issue, the state passed Senate Bill 1241 to require that General Plan Safety Elements address the fire severity risks in State Responsibility Areas (SRAs) and Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs).

According to the California Fire Hazard Severity Zone Viewer maintained by CAL FIRE, the Project site is not located within a high wildfire hazard area. The Planning Area is not located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones. As such, Thresholds

4.23 (a) through 4.23 (d) below require no response.
• Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan.
• Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to, pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire.
• Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment. • Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, because of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes.

3.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto North General Plan

3.23 Wildfire
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 119 regulations. Therefore, with the continued enforcement of existing regulations, impacts due to wildland fires will be less than significant.

3.23.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to wildfire will with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

3.23.7 Conclusion
Development in the City has the potential to impact wildfire and emergency planning. Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR, implementation of the proposed North Land Use Element Update changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts related to Wildfire hazards that were not identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.

The Adelanto North 2035 Plan and related implementing actions established goals and policies for future residential, mixed-use, manufacturing, and industrial development throughout the Project Area. The Adelanto North 2035 Plan did not authorize any site-specific land altering activities or any particular development project, infrastructure improvement, or community facility and thus will have no direct impact on current wildfire hazards. Future development projects will be constructed in light of the policies of the General Plan, adopted General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures, and policies.

The proposed North Land Use Element Update land use changes are to restore land use designation and zoning to the pre-Adelanto North 2035 Plan conditions. As such there will be no changes that would increase impacts on wildfire hazards that were not considered in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR.
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4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST –

ADELANTO SOUTH GENERAL PLAN

4.1 Project Description
The Project is a component of General Plan Amendment No. 22-05 and encompasses an area south of Holly Road as shown in Figure 4.1, Proposed General Plan Land Use/Zoning Map Amendment.

4.2 Approach to the Analysis
This impact evaluation provides the basis for determining whether the amendment to the Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainability Plan Land Use Map (“Project”) would have any significant environmental impacts that were not previously addressed in the Final Environmental Impact Report, City of Adelanto General Plan Update (SCH No. 9408208, May 1995).

New Significant or Unavoidable
Impact Requiring Supplemental or
Subsequent EIR
Minor Changes to Existing
Mitigation Measures are
Required to Reduce Potentially
New Significant or Unavoidable
Impact to Less Than Significant Reduced Impact
Impact Adequately
Addressed in the
Previous EIR
This column indicates whether there
are substantial changes in circumstances under which the Project is undertaken that have occurred
subsequent to the previous EIR that
would result in the current Project
having new significant environmental
impacts that were not considered in
the prior document or having
substantial increases in the severity
of previously identified significant
impacts, thus triggering the need to a
Supplemental or Subsequent EIR.

This column indicates that minor
changes to the mitigation
measures contained in the
previous EIR are required to
ensure that the impacts remain
less than significant.

This column indicates
that changes in CEQA
requirement or
changes in environmental conditions or
circumstances have
reduced impacts as
compared to the
previous EIR.

This column indicates
that the level of
environmental impact
remains the same as
identified in the
previous EIR.
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4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 121 Figure 4.1
Proposed General Plan Land Use/Zoning Map Amendment
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4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 122 Changes in CEQA Analysis Requirements
The California Supreme Court concluded in the California Building Industry Association vs. Bay Area Air Quality Management District (CBIA vs. BAAQMD) case that “CEQA generally does not require an analysis of how existing environmental conditions will impact a project’s future users or residents.” The Court held that “agencies subject to CEQA generally are not required to analyze the impact of existing environmental conditions on a project’s future users or residents. But when a proposed project risks exacerbating those environmental hazards or conditions that already exist, an agency must analyze the potential impact of such hazards on future residents or users. In those specific instances, it is the project’s impact on the environment – and not the environment’s impact on the project – that compels an evaluation of how future residents or users could be affected by exacerbated conditions.”
As a result of this case, there are instances where an impact analyzed in the 1994 General Plan EIR, may have been identified as a “significant and unavoidable” impact or a “less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated”, but said impact is no longer considered a significant impact under current CEQA requirements. For example, elevated noise or air quality impacts from stationary or mobile sources to residential development may have been identified as an impact under 1994 CEQA requirements, but is no longer an impact now.

4.3 Environmental Setting
CEQA Guidelines §15125 establishes requirements for defining the environmental setting to which the environmental effects of a proposed project must be compared. The environmental setting is defined as “…the physical environmental conditions in the vicinity of the project, as they exist at the time the Notice of Preparation is published, or if no Notice of Preparation is published, at the time the environmental analysis is commenced…” (CEQA Guidelines §15125[a]). Because a Notice of Preparation was not required, the environmental setting for the Project is August 31, 2022, which is the date that the Project’s environmental analysis commenced.

The Project site consists of two separate areas shown as Area 5 and Area 6 as shown above on Figure

2.1, General Plan Amendment Areas.
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4.4 Aesthetics
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 123

4.4 Aesthetics
Except as provided in Public Resources Code Section
21099, would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ b) Substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of public views of the site and its surroundings? (Public views are those that are experienced from publicly
accessible vantage point). If the project is in an urbanized area, would the project conflict with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.4.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Final EIR Conclusions According to the 1994 General Plan, development allowed by the Plan will stimulate an increase in urbanization within the Planning Area, increasing the potential impacts to various plant and wildlife species that are identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulation, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The 1994 General Plan identifies programs and actions which will be implemented to mitigate impacts to plant and wildlife due to increased development.

4.4.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
The 1994 General Plan EIR concluded that with implementation of General Plan policies and mitigation measures, there are no significant and unavoidable adverse impacts.

4.4.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Policies
Chapter VII-Conservation and Open Space Element
COS 1 The City will continue requiring the underground placement of existing and future utility lines to reduce visual impact as projects are approved.

Chapter XI-Community Design Element
The purpose of the Community Design Element of the 1994 General Plan is to establish a set of policies as to the appearance of the City of Adelanto both now and in the future. This policy is intended to relate-the physical elements of the community in a way that produces an overall environment that is visually pleasing, as well as efficient and functional. 429

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4.4 Aesthetics
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 124 Design Regulation and Review
Policy 1. Development Plans. The Planning Commission with input. from the Planning Staff will determine the acceptability of all proposed development projects. All components of each project must conform to those established in the General Plan, Zoning Code, and the Community Design Element. If a proposed project does not meet the standards set forth in these documents, the Planning Commission shall deny such proposal until compliance with these standards is achieved.

Policy 2. Architectural/Landscaping Design Review. Precise plans for all developments (which should include architectural-design, site plans, landscaping and signage) shall be reviewed and evaluated by Planning Staff prior to Planning Commission. review to determine their compliance with the objectives and specific requirements of the Zoning Code, General Plan, and the Community Design Element.

Policy 3. Building and Safety. All development projects must also be reviewed by the Building and Safety Department prior to approval of such projects. Parking Standards; building setbacks, circulation, signage, and lighting are all components that will be scrutinized according to the Development Code.

4.4.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures Chapter III-Land Use Element

3.7.3.5 Require new development to accommodate design criteria established in the Community Design Element.

3.7.3.20 Require the preparation of development plans that incorporate the design components contained in the Community Design Element.

3.7.3.46 Encourage residential developments to contain a variety of product types, designs and features.

LU 3.7.3.51 Enforce the requirements set forth in the Development Regulations section of this document to assure quality development and upkeep.

LU 3.73.57 Promote architectural designs that give Adelanto to a unique, positive community image as it relates to the desert environment.

LU 3.7.3.58 Protect environmentally unique and fragile areas such as bluffs, Joshua Tree woodland, the Mojave River Corridor and sensitive wildlife habitat areas.

3.8.3.5.8 The City will seek to identify potential natural resources which may occur within the Planning Area and to conserve and. protect those resources which may have substantial value to residents.
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4.4 Aesthetics
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 125

4.4.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.4 (a) Adverse Effect on Scenic Vista
A scenic vista is defined as a publicly accessible vantage point that provides expansive views of a highly valued landscape. The City of Adelanto General Plan identifies scenic vistas within the City9.

Landforms or features that constitute a scenic vista in Adelanto include the Shadow Hills, located approximately 9 miles to the north of the Project site and the Mojave River, located approximately 8 miles east of the Project site.

Impacts to scenic vistas are analyzed from points or corridors that are accessible to the public and that provide a view of a scenic vista. Potential public views and vantage points from the Project site to the Shadow Hills and Mojave River would be from the public-rights-of way of the public streets abutting or within the Project boundaries.

Structures within a viewer’s line of sight of a scenic vistas may interfere with a public view of a scenic vista, either by physically blocking or screening the scenic vista from view, or by impeding or blocking access to a formerly available viewing position. Those viewers may see the scenic areas prior to development; but would have those views blocked post development. Because of distance to these scenic resources and intervening development, public views of these scenic vistas would not be blocked by the Project.

In addition, as required by Adelanto Zoning Ordinance §17.30.030, Table 20-1, the residential structures proposed of the property are restricted to thirty-five (35), the maximum lot coverage is 40%, and there are required building setbacks for the front, rear, and side lot lines which will serve to create space between structures. As such, the proposed structures would not block or completely obstruct views from surrounding public vantage points (i.e., public streets) to the Shadow Hills. The Mojave River in not visible from the Project Site as it is located approximately 8 miles east. Impacts are less than significant, and no mitigation measures are required.

4.4 (b) Substantially Damage Scenic Resource within a State Scenic Highway According to the California Department of Transportation, the Project site is not located within a State scenic highway.10 As such, there is no impact.
9 City of Adelanto General Plan, Chapter 7, Conservation and Open Space Element. 10 California Department of Transportation, State Scenic Highway Program, https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-landscapearchitecture-and-community-livability/lap-liv-i-scenic-highways, accessed April 5, 2021. 431

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4.4 Aesthetics
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 126

4.4 (c) Conflict With Applicable Zoning And Other Regulations Governing Scenic Quality According to US Census Bureau, Adelanto is located within the Victorville-Hesperia, CA Urbanized Area.11 As such, the Project subject to the City’s applicable regulations governing scenic quality.12 The Community Design Element of the 1994 General Plan sets forth the characteristics that should be incorporated into the design of single family detached residential housing units in the R1, R1-.5, R3-8, and DL Zones. 13 General Plan Section H.2, Design Regulation and Review, requires development plans (which include architectural design, site plans, and landscaping) be reviewed and evaluated to determine compliance with the objectives and specific requirements of the General Plan Community Design Element and Title 17, Adelanto Zoning Ordinance.

As required by §17.15.040, Single-Family Residential Design Standards of the Zoning Ordinance, construction of the proposed single family detached residential housing units are required to demonstrate compliance with the following salient regulations governing scenic quality:
• Site Character - Existing natural amenities (views, mature trees, and/or topographic features) and other amenities (structures of architectural significance and cultural resources) unique to the site shall be preserved and incorporated into the project's design whenever possible.
• Variation of Development Patterns - Variation of development patterns shall be incorporated in new subdivisions to achieve visual diversity and avoid a monotonous appearance
• Landscaping- A residential subdivision's landscaping shall be used to frame, soften, and embellish the quality of the residential environment, to buffer units from noise or undesirable views,
• Walls/Fences - Walls shall be designed to complement the architectural design of the homes within the neighborhood.
• Architectural Standards-Residential structures should consider compatibility with surrounding character, including building style, form, size, color, material, and roof line.

Mandatory compliance with the above-described provisions of the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance ensures that the Project will not conflict with regulations governing scenic quality.

4.4 (d) Substantial Source of Light and Glare
The Project would increase the amount of light in the area above what is being generated by the vacant site by directly adding new sources of illumination including security and decorative lighting 11 United States Census Bureau, 2010 Census Urban Area Reference Maps, https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/UAUC_RefMap/ua/ua90541_victorville--hesperia_ca/DC10UA90541_001.pdf; accessed April 2021.
12 City of Adelanto General Plan, page XI-4.
13 City of Adelanto General Plan, page XI-12-13.
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4.4 Aesthetics
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 127 for the proposed structures. All outdoor lighting is required to be designed and installed to comply with §17.90.040- Lighting, of the Zoning Ordinance14 which stipulates:
“Except for residential light fixtures using less than a 75-watt bulb, the following shall apply to all outdoor lighting fixtures:
(a) All on-site lighting shall be energy efficient, stationary, and directed away from adjoining properties and public rights-of-way.
(b) Light fixtures shall be shielded so no light is emitted above the horizontal plane of the bottom of the light fixture.
(c) Light fixtures shall be shielded so no light above 0.5 footcandle spills over onto adjacent properties and rights-of-way. There shall be no spillover (0.0 footcandle) onto adjacent residential used or zoned properties”
Building Material Glare
§17.20.040 (b) of the Zoning Ordinance requires siding material to consist of stucco, wood, brick, stone, or decorative concrete block which are non-reflective materials which do not result in glare.

Windows in single family residential housing units are not of the size and scale where a large expanse of glass surface area will produce glare. In addition, single family homes typically have window coverings (e.g., shades, blinds)that reduce impacts from interior and exterior glare. Compliance with the above referenced Zoning Ordinance requirements will ensure that the Project will not adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area.

4.4.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
None required.

4.4.7 Conclusion
Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR, implementation of the proposed land use changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts related to Aesthetics that were not identified in the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR. 14 Zoning Ordinance.
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4.5 Agriculture and Forestry Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 128

4.5 Agriculture and Forestry Resources
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps
prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to non‐
agricultural use?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act contract? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code Section
12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Code Section 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code Section 51104(g))?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non‐forest use? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
e) Involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland, to non‐agricultural use or conversion of forest? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.5.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Final EIR Conclusions There is no discussion of agriculture in the 1994 General Plan or Final EIR.

4.5.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts identified,

4.5.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Policies
There are no policies related to agriculture.

4.5.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures None required.
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4.5 Agriculture and Forestry Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 129

4.5.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.5 (a) Conversion of Farmland
Areas 5 and 6 are not designated as Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance as mapped by the State Department of Conservation Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program.15 As such, development of the Project will not convert any type of farmland to a nonagricultural use.

4.5 (b) Conflict with Agricultural Zoning or a California Land and Conservation Act (Williamson Act)
Existing Zoning
The proposed zoning is Single Family Residential (RS-5) which permits detached residences at a density of up to 5 units per gross acre, Development at this density requires full urban levels of service and public improvements.16 The RS-5 zone is residential not intended for agricultural use.

Therefore, the Project would not conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use.

Williamson Act
A Williamson Act Contract enables private landowners to voluntarily enter contracts with local governments for the purpose of establishing agricultural preserves. The Project site is not under a Williamson Act Contract.17

4.5 (c, d, e) Rezone of Conversion of Forest Land or Timberland California Public Resources Code §12220(g) defines forest land as land that can support 10-percent native tree cover of any species, including hardwoods, under natural conditions, and that allows for management of one or more forest resources, including timber, aesthetics, fish and wildlife, biodiversity, water quality, recreation, and other public benefits.

Section 4526 of the Public Resources Code defines timberland as land, other than land owned by the federal government or land designated by the state as experimental forest land, which is available for, and capable of, growing a crop of trees of any commercial species used to produce lumber and other forest products, including Christmas trees.

The Project site does not contain any forest lands, timberland, or timberland zoned as Timberland Production, nor are any forest lands or timberlands located on or nearby the Project site. Because no lands within the Project site are currently zoned or proposed for forestland or timberland, there is no potential to impact such zoning.
15 https://databasin.org/maps/new/#datasets=b83ea1952fea44ac9fc62c60dd57fe48,accessed on March 6, 2-21. 16 City of Adelanto Zoning Ordinance §17.02.010 (c),
17 https://sbcountyarc.org/wp-content/uploads/arcforms/NPP874-WilliamsonActParcels.pdf, accessed March 6, 2021. 435

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.5 Agriculture and Forestry Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 130 As noted in the response to Threshold 4.5(c) above, the Project site and surrounding properties do not contain forest lands, are not zoned for forest lands, nor are they identified as containing forest resources by the General Plan. Because forest land is not present within the Project site or in the immediate vicinity of the site, the Project has no potential to result in the loss of forest land or the conversion of forest land to non-forest use.

4.5.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
None required.

4.5.7 Conclusion
The proposed South General Plan Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new development. The Plan includes the existing goals, programs and policies to guide new development. Therefore, the proposed changes would not affect the potential exposure to seismic or geologic hazards. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning seismic or geologic hazards has been discovered since the 1994 General Plan FEIR certification. Thus, Project implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning agriculture and forestry resources than anticipated in the 1994 General Plan FEIR, and no mitigation is required.
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4.6 Air Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 131

4.6 Air Quality
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is nonattainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant
concentrations? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) affecting a substantial number of people? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.6.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Final EIR Conclusions The impacts to air quality associated with the proposed Project and as a result of projects in the surrounding communities (i.e., the projects contemplated in the General Plans for the cities of Victorville, Hesperia, and Apple Valley), will incrementally contribute to the degradation of air quality conditions in the Mojave Desert Air Basin. Mitigation measures addressing the impacts to Air Quality are required.

4.6.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
As stated in the 1994 General Plan EIR, “The General Plan Update will have significant adverse impacts because it exceeds the MDAQMD's regional significance threshold and will exceed federal requirements. The mitigation measures proposed are expected to reduce local impacts, as much as is feasible, and to levels that are not significant in relation to state air quality requirements by the end of the year. Implementation of the General Plan Update will result in significant unavoidable adverse impacts due to the transport of air pollution from the SCAQMD.”

4.6.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Policies
OS 6.1 Pursue efforts to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions by promoting the use of renewable energy (e.g., solar and wind power), and implement effective energy conservation and efficiency measures.

OS 6.3 Require projects that generate potentially significant levels of air pollutants and odors to incorporate the most effective air quality mitigation into project design, as feasible.

OS 7.1 Minimize vehicle emissions by reducing automobile use and encouraging alternative means of transportation, including transit, walking, and biking. 437

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4.6 Air Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 132 OS 7.2 Support programs that decrease vehicle emissions by increasing the number of housing units located near jobs and transit, and encouraging commuting via transit, walking, and bicycling; thereby decreasing vehicle miles traveled (VMT).

OS 7.3 Purchase fuel efficient vehicles and equipment for the City’s fleet and equipment, whenever feasible.

4.6.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures to reduce impacts to the air quality environment are as follows.

DEIR Section 3.2 - Climate and Air Quality

3.2.3.1 The City shall continue to work with the Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District and any other agencies in order to enforce and implement regional air quality plans.

3.2.3.2 The City will review, as necessary, all new developments to determine the potential air quality impacts, as well as any other environmental analysis deemed appropriate by the City.

Other mitigation measures that the City will pursue to reduce air quality impacts include the following.

3.2.3.3 Require new development to incorporate design features that facilitate transit service and encourage transit ridership such as bus pull-out areas, covered bus stop facilities, efficient trail system through projects to transit stops, designation of special on-site parking spaces beyond base requirements for commuter park-n-ride purposes, and incorporation of pedestrian walkways that pass-through subdivision boundary walls.

3.2.3.11 Require circulation improvements prior to, or concurrent with development.

3.2.3.13 Require specific plans and other mixed-use projects to provide an internal system of trails linking schools, shopping centers, transit and other public facilities with residential areas.

3.2.3.17 Require new residential subdivisions over 160 acres to include supportive commercial uses, including retail uses and services, that are conveniently accessible to pedestrians and bicyclists.

3.2.3.22. Minimize particulate emissions during road, parking lot and building construction phase.

4.6.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.6 (a & b) Conflict with Air Quality Plan
The Project is located within the Mojave Desert Air Basin and under the jurisdiction of the Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District. Under the Federal Clean Air Act the Mojave Desert Air 438

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4.6 Air Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 133 Quality Management District has adopted a variety of attainment plans (i.e., Air Quality Management Plans) for a variety of non-attainment pollutants. A complete list of the various air quality management plans is available from the Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District located at 14306 Park Avenue, Victorville, CA 92392 or on their website at https://www.mdaqmd.ca.gov/rules/overview.

The Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District is responsible for maintaining and ensuring compliance with the various Air Quality Management Plans. Conformity is determined based on the following criteria.
1) A project is non-conforming if it conflicts with or delays implementation of any applicable attainment or maintenance plan. A project may also be non-conforming if it increases the gross number of dwelling units, increases the number of trips, and/or increases the overall vehicle miles traveled in an affected area (relative to the applicable land use plan). 2) A project is conforming if it complies with all applicable Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District rules and regulations, complies with all proposed control measures that are not yet adopted from the applicable plan(s), and is consistent with the growth forecasts in the applicable plan(s) (or is directly included in the applicable plan).

Emissions Inventory
As shown in Table 4.6-1, Area 5 & 6 Total Operational Emissions Residential Land Use Comparison, the Project proposes to amend the General Plan Land Use/Zoning Map from Single Family Residential (R-1, 4 units/ac) to Single Family Residential (RS-5, 5 units/ac), which results in an increase of 1,566 units above what is allowed under the existing General Plan Land Use/Zoning Map.

Table 4.6-1
Area 5 & 6 Total Operational Emissions Residential Land Use Comparison Emissions Source
Emissions
(lbs/day)
ROG/VOC NOx CO SOx PM10 PM2.5
Proposed Residential Land Use 511.90 259.17 2,397.48 4.56 578.35 161.57 Approved Residential Land Use 413.35 207.33 1,917.93 3.65 462.66 122.86 Variance (Proposed – Currently
Approved)
+ 98.55 + 51.84 + 479.55 + 0.91 + 115.69 + 38.71
As shown in table 4.6.1 above, emissions of criteria pollutants increase accordingly. 439

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4.6 Air Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 134 Consistency with Growth Forecasts
According to MDAQMD California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) And Federal Conformity Guidelines February 2020, Table 2-MDAQMD Attainment Plans, the applicable air quality planning documents for the Basin are as follows:
 MDAQMD Federal 75 ppb Ozone Attainment Plan (Western Mojave Desert Nonattainment Area), adopted February 27, 2017.
 Federal 8-hour ozone (75 ppb) Western Mojave Desert Nonattainment Area (MDAQMD portion) NOx and VOC 2027 Federal 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Plan (Western Mojave Desert Nonattainment Area) adopted June 9, 2008.
 2004 Ozone Attainment Plan (State and Federal) adopted April 26, 2004.  Attainment Demonstration, Maintenance Plan, and Redesignation Request for the Trona Portion of the Searles Valley PM10 Nonattainment Area, adopted March 25, 1996.  Triennial Revision to the 1991 Air Quality Attainment Plan, Adopted January 22, 1996.  Mojave Desert Planning Area Federal Particulate Matter Attainment Plan adopted July 31, 1995.
 Post 1996 Attainment Demonstration and Reasonable Further Progress Plan; Adopted October 26, 1994.
 Reasonable Further Progress Rate-of Progress Plan, adopted October 26, 1994; and  1991 Air Quality Attainment Plan adopted August 26, 1991.

The MDAQMD’s Attainment Plans are based on several assumptions, of which population may be one of the factors. Factors used to generate emission projections may include, for example, the number of days an air quality standard is exceeded, the number and type of stationary sources (e.g., types of industries) the condition of roadways (e.g., paved or unpaved), the amount of construction and demolition activity, vehicle miles traveled, and meteorology. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) also disseminates the following types of Emissions Data for use by Air Districts for preparing Attainment Plans.
 Annual Statewide Emissions Summaries for mobile, stationary, and areawide.  Facility Emissions Data for individual facility emissions by region, industrial sector, or name.  Regional Emission Summaries for the state, air districts, air basins, counties, and by neighborhood.
 Neighborhood Emissions Data mapping with the Community Health Air Pollution Information System and Regional Emission Summaries.
 Trends in Emissions for historical data and future years.

The MDAQMD is geographically the second largest of the state’s 35 air districts. The District encompasses 20,000+ square-miles and includes Adelanto, Apple Valley, Blythe, Barstow, Hesperia, 440

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.6 Air Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 135 Lucerne valley, Needles, Spring Valley Lake Twenty-Nine Palms, Victorville, and Yucca Valley. The current population is approximately 600,000.18 The population of Adelanto is 36, 588 with 3.85 persons per household as of January 1, 2022.19 Accordingly, the population of Adelanto accounts for 6% percent of the population in the MDAQMD. The proposed Project would increase Adelanto’s population by 6,030 persons, which represents a 1.1% increase in the District’s population. As such, the direct Project related population growth in the City would not be substantial and would be within MDAQMD’s planning projections used for the Attainment Plans.

Consistency with Control Measures
The Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District maintains a set of Rules & Regulations to improve and maintain healthy air quality for the entire population within our jurisdiction. When developing new regulations, the MDAQMD must comply with complex procedures established by statutes in federal and state codes. The following are some of the Rules that would apply to future construction of residential development.

Rule 204 Permit Conditions To assure compliance with all applicable regulations, the Air Pollution Control Officer may impose written conditions on any permit. Commencing work or operation under such a permit shall be deemed acceptance of all the conditions so specified.

Rule 403 Fugitive Dust Control The purpose of this rule is to reduce the amount of PM10 entrained in the ambient air from anthropogenic Fugitive Dust sources within the District by requiring actions to prevent, reduce, or mitigate Fugitive Dust. 18 MDAQMD website at: https://www.mdaqmd.ca.gov/rules/overview, accessed October 5, 2022. 19 E-5 Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State, 2020-2022. 441

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.6 Air Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 136

4.6 (c) Sensitive Receptors
The proposed South General Plan Land Use Element Update (proposed South Land Use Element Update) and related implementing actions would not authorize any specific construction; however, future development projects constructed pursuant to land use policies could potentially expose sensitive receptors to temporary, localized pollutant concentrations in excess of air quality standards, even if the broader region is in attainment. Examples include emissions of fugitive dust and vehicle and machinery exhaust during large-scale grading activities and roadway construction.

4.6 (d) Odors
Land uses that have the potential to generate substantial odor complaints include wastewater treatment plants, landfills or transfer stations, composting facilities, confined animal facility, and food manufacturingand chemical plants.

Future residential, commercial, and industrial development associated with buildout of the 1994 General Plan Update General Plan would involve minor odor-generating activities, such as lawn mower exhaust, application of exterior paints for building improvement, and cooking odors (e.g., restaurants). However, unlike industrial land uses, these land uses are not considered potential generators of odor that could affect a substantial number of people. Therefore, impacts from potential odors generated from residential, commercial, and industrial land uses associated with the General Plan are considered less than significant.
442

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.6 Air Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 137 During construction activities, construction equipment exhaust and application of asphalt and architectural coatings would temporarily generate odors. Any construction-related odor emissions would be temporary and intermittent in nature. Additionally, noxious odors would be confined to the immediate vicinity of the construction equipment. By the time such emissions reach any sensitive receptor sites, they would be diluted to well below any level of air quality concern.

4.6.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to air quality will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

4.6.7 Conclusion
Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the 1994 General Plan FEIR, implementation of the South Land Use Element Update changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts related to air quality that were not identified in the 1994 General Plan occur. 443

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.7 Biological Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 138

4.7 Biological Resources
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a
candidate, sensitive, or special‐status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with
established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
e) Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
f) Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat
Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat
conservation plan?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.7.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Final EIR Conclusions According to the General Plan, development allowed by the Plan will stimulate an increase in urbanization within the Planning Area, increasing the potential impacts to various plant and wildlife species that are identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulation, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The General Plan identifies programs and actions that will be implemented to mitigate impacts to plant and wildlife due to increased development.

4.7.2 Significant and Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
The 1994 General Plan EIR concluded that with implementation of General Plan policies and mitigation measures, there are no significant and unavoidable adverse impacts. 444

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4.7 Biological Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 139

4.7.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Policies
Chapter 3-Land Use Element
Policy LU 1.5 Protect environmentally unique and fragile areas such as bluffs, Joshua Tree woodland, the Mojave River Corridor and sensitive wildlife habitat areas.

Policy LU 1.1.2 Require the preservation and relocation of endangered plants and animals which may be in jeopardy due to increased development activity.

Chapter 7- Conservation and Open Space Element
Policy BIO 1.1 The City will only allow development which minimizes the destruction of biotic resources within the City, such as the Mojave River Corridor.

Policy BIO 1.8 The City shall require the applicant for a proposed project within or potentially affecting the resources of a Riparian Corridor or the Planning Areas natural drainage channels to enter into an agreement with the California Department of Fish and Game, as applicable, pursuant to Chapter 6 of Division 2 of the Fish and Game Code.

Policy BIO 1.9 The City shall consult with the California Department of Fish and Game on any project that could affect a species which is listed or in fact rare, threatened or endangered (CEQA Guideline Section 15380, as identified by the biological survey). The City will only allow development which minimizes or eliminates destruction of or damage to any and all significant biotic resources – i.e., the Mojave River corridor, Fremont Wash.

4.7.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures DEIR Section 3.4 - Biological Resources
Mitigation Measures (MM) incorporated into the General Plan Update to reduce impacts on Biological Resources that are directly applicable to the Project include the following:

MM 3.4.3.7 The City shall require the applicant for a proposed project within or potentially affecting the resources of a Riparian Corridor or the Planning Areas natural drainage channels to enter into an agreement with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, as applicable, pursuant to Chapter 6 of Division 2 of the Fish and Game Code.

MM 3.4.3.8 The City shall consult with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife on any project that could affect a species which is listed or in fact rare, threatened or endangered (CEQA Guidelines §15380, as identified by the biological survey).

MM 3.4.3.9 The City will only allow development which minimizes or eliminates destruction of or damage to any and all significant biotic resources. i.e.., the Mojave River corridor, Fremont Wash.
445

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4.7 Biological Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 140 Mitigation Measures Added by Lead Agency
As an addition to Mitigation Measure No. 3.4.3.7 above, the City shall require that any development adjacent to riparian corridors minimize removal of vegetation; minimize erosion, sedimentation and runoff by appropriate protection or vegetation and landscape; provide for sufficient passage of native and anadromous fish as specified by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife regarding wastewater discharges and entrapment; prevention of groundwater depletion or substantial interference with surface and subsurface flows; and provision of natural vegetation buffers.

4.7.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.7 (a) Endangered and Threatened Species
The Project area is primarily undeveloped and supports minimal vegetation classified as desert scrub. However, future development within the desert scrub habitats of the Areas 5 and 6 could potentially result in the loss of Desert Tortoise, Mohave ground squirrel, and Swainson’s hawk, Burrowing Owl, Le Conte’s Thrasher, and their associated habitat. These species have been designated as “Threatened” under the State Endangered Species Act. In addition, direct and indirect impacts to Western Joshua tree, and nesting birds protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act may occur. With implementation of the General Plan Policies and mitigation measures identified above, impacts are less than significant and consistent with the findings of the 1994 General Plan EIR.

Change in Circumstances
On October 21, 2019, the California Fish and Game Commission (Commission) received a petition from the Center for Biological Diversity to list the Western Joshua Tree (WJT) as Threatened under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA). California Fish and Game Code §2073.5 requires that the California Department of Fish and Wildlife evaluate the petition and submit a written evaluation with a recommendation to the Commission, which was received at the Commission’s April 2020 meeting.

On September 22, 2020, the Commission determined that Threatened listing may be warranted pursuant to Fish and Game Code (FGC) §2074.2 of the, and therefore western Joshua tree became a Candidate species, and the Department undertook a one-year status review. The process is still underway at the time of the preparation of this Addendum. The Fish and Game Commission meets in October of 2022 and may decide at that time as to what action (if any) is needed for protection of Joshua trees. Until a final determination is made, the WJT is afforded protection under the California Endangered Act and can only be removed with the approval of a Take Permit issued by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). If the WJT is added to the Endangered Species List, then future projects would be required to obtain a Take Permit as detailed below. If the WJT is not listed, the species will be protected by Implementing Program OS-35 which provides for City enforcement of Title 8, Division 9 of San Bernardino County Code which requires that every Joshua Tree Proposed for Removal be inspected by the Local Jurisdiction to assure the Joshua tree 446

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.7 Biological Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 141 is not a “specimen” class tree requiring preservation and transplantation. A new mitigation measure is added to the 1994 General Plan EIR which provides added guidance for implementing existing Policy BIO 1.9 and Mitigation Measure 3.4.3.8 above.

4.7 (b) Riparian and Other Sensitive Communities
Section 401 of the Clean Water Act requires an applicant to obtain certification for any activity that may result in a discharge of a pollutant into waters of the United States. As a result, proposed fill in waters and wetlands require coordination with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) that administers Section 401 and provides certification. The RWQCB also plays a role in review of water quality and wetland issues, including avoidance and minimization of impacts.

Section 401 certification is required prior to the issuance of a Section 404 permit, as discussed below.

Under Section 404 of the CWA the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) has jurisdiction over “Wetlands” and “Waters of the United States.” Permitting of activities that could discharge fill or dredge materials or otherwise adversely modify wetlands or other waters of the United States and associated habitat is required. Permits authorized by ACOE under the Act typically involve mitigation to offset unavoidable impacts on wetlands and other waters of the United States in a manner that achieves no net loss of wetland acres or values.

With implementation of the policies and mitigation measures described in Sections 4.7.3 and 4.7.4 above, impacts will be less than significant.

4.7 (c) Jurisdictional Waters or Resources
Plan implementation may directly and indirectly affect State and Federal protected waters. The Planning Area supports primarily isolated waters that are not within the jurisdiction of agencies regulating compliance with the Clean Water Act. However, the Fremont Wash has potential to be Waters of the US, dependent on US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) determination. The ephemeral desert washes found in the Planning Area are all waters of the State and development may impact these directly or indirectly.

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.7 Biological Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 142 dredge materials or otherwise adversely modify wetlands or other waters of the United States and associated habitat is required. Permits authorized by ACOE under the Act typically involve mitigation to offset unavoidable impacts on wetlands and other waters of the United States in a manner that achieves no net loss of wetland acres or values.

With implementation of the policies and mitigation measures described in Sections 4.7.3 and 4.7.4 above, impacts will be less than significant.

4.7 (d) Wildlife Corridors
The Mojave River is identified as a migratory wildlife corridor, which is not located within Areas 5 and 6. No impacts will occur.

4.7 (e & f) Conflicts with a Local Policies or other Conservation Plans Local Polices or Ordinances
The General Plans for San Bernardino County (County Wide Plan) and the City of Adelanto include policies to protect natural resources that include habitat and sensitive species. Implementation of the Project and implementing actions will not conflict with any County or City policies, regulations, or standards designed to protect biological resources. With implementation of policies and mitigation measures described in Sections 4.7.3 and 4.7.4 above, impacts will be less than significant.

Habitat Conservation Plan or Natural Community Conservation Plan Adelanto is within the Western Mojave Plan area; however, the City of Adelanto is not a signatory.

Currently, the Western Mojave Plan is only applicable to public lands. Adelanto is within the boundaries of the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan. When the DRECP is finalized and implemented, it will comprehensively address how participating entities with jurisdiction over renewable energy and transmission development projects in the deserts of California will conserve natural communities and species pursuant to the California NCCP Act and the FESA. Should the City of Adelanto choose to join the DRECP and authorize a renewable energy project, future energy projects would be required to comply with the provisions of the DRECP. The Project supports conservation of habitat and sensitive species through implementation of the policies and mitigation measures described in Sections 4.7.3 and 4.7.4 above, therefore, the Project would not conflict with any Habitat Conservation Plan or Natural Community Conservation Plan.

4.7.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure for Western Joshua Tree Incidental Take Permit. If any western Joshua trees (WJT) are to be relocated, removed, or otherwise taken, the Project Proponent shall obtain an incidental take permit (ITP) from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) under CDFW under §2081 of the California Endangered Species Act (CESA), prior to the relocation, removal, or take. (California Fish and Game Code §86 defines "take" as "hunt, 448

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.7 Biological Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 143 pursue, catch, capture, or kill, or attempt to hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill") of western Joshua tree, a Candidate for Threatened CESA-listed species. Take of any CESA-listed species is prohibited except as authorized by state law (Fish and Game Code, §2080 & §2085).

Permanent protection and perpetual management of compensatory habitat is necessary and required pursuant to CESA to fully mitigate project-related impacts of the taking of CESA-listed species. CDFW recommends permanent protection through either the purchase of conservation or mitigation bank credits or the establishment of a conservation easement, development of a long-term management plan, and securing funding sufficient to implement management plan tasks in perpetuity. These tasks should be completed, or financial security must be provided before starting any Project activities. To execute an ITP, CDFW requires documentation of CEQA compliance. CDFW requires the CEQA document have a State Clearinghouse number, show proof of filing fees, and proof the document has been circulated.

4.7.7 Conclusion
Development in Areas 5 and 6 has the potential to impact biological resources. At a programmatic level, the City requires all future development to protect biological resources. Implementing existing Programs and Policies as well as required regulations will ensure the protection of biological resources to be mitigated to less than significant levels. Given required compliance with local and state regulations and implementation of the proposed Implementing Programs, impacts associated with development supported by the proposed South Land Use Element Update and implementing actions will be less than significant.

The proposed South Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new development. Therefore, the proposed change from R-1 to RS-5 would not affect biological resources. In addition, although new information with respect to the potential listing of the Western Joshua Tree is known, the existing policies and mitigation measures in the 1994 General Plan EIR already afforded protection of the species. The added mitigation measure provides additional details of how the species will be protected. As such, the change with respect to the potential listing of the Western Joshua Tree would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning biological resources than anticipated in the 1994 General Plan EIR.
449

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.8 Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 144

4.8 Cultural Resources
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to §15064.5? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to §15064.5? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ c) Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.8.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Update EIR Conclusions The 1994 General Plan Update concluded that materials of historic and prehistoric nature have been located within the Project Area, particularly in the vicinity of the Mojave River. According to the Archaeological Information Center the Planning Area has a high sensitivity assessment. No cultural, ethnic or heritage resources are identified.

4.8.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
With the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures no unavoidable adverse impacts will result from the proposed Project.

4.8.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Update Policies
CUL 1.3 The city will place developers responsible for the destruction of historic and archaeologically significant resources on file with the County of San Bernardino and the State of California, Office of Historic Preservation.

OS 10.1 Identify, protect, and minimize impacts to archaeological and paleontological resources.

OS 10.2 Review proposed development for the possibility of cultural resources and for compliance with the cultural resources program.

4.8.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Update Final EIR Mitigation Measures

3.12.3.1 The City will require that all archeological resources, historic or prehistoric be evaluated in accordance with CEQA regulations and appropriate California guidelines 450

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.8 Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 145 prior to the adoption of mitigation measures and the acceptance of conditions of approval and required permit approvals.

3.12.3.3 As part of the City's land development review process and project environmental assessment, City staff will review proposed developments for sites that may have potential archaeological significance. If determined necessary by the City, an archeological survey will be performed by a licensed archaeologist and appropriate site specific mitigation measures shall be implemented, including possible extraction and cataloging of significant resources.

4.8.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.8 (a) Historical Resources
Previous records searches and field surveys conducted within and in the vicinity of Areas 5 and 6 have identified no historic resources in the area.20 In addition, the California Points of Historical Interest (SPHI), the California Historical Landmarks (SHL), the California Register of Historical Resources (CAL REG), the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), and the California State Historic Properties Directory (HPD) listings were all reviewed for the project site. No features or artifacts of prehistoric or historical origin were listed in these records. However, since the entire areas within Area 5 and 6 have not been surveyed there is a potential to discover unknown historic resources during future development activities. With implementation of the General Plan policies and Mitigation Measures described in Sections 4.10.3 and 4.10.4 above, impacts will be less than significant.

4.8 (b) Archaeological Resources
Previous studies suggest that most prehistoric settlement in the area was focused along major waterways, such as the Mojave River watershed, and generally occurred between the 2,260- and 2,970-foot elevation range. Results from surveys and site investigations indicate that most prehistoric sites are lithic scatters, lithic quarries, bedrock milling features, and temporary campsites. Many of the earliest archaeological records in the region have likely been buried beneath alluvium deposited by the Mojave River. Future ground-disturbing activities have the potential to reveal buried deposits not observed on the surface. With implementation of the General Plan policies and Mitigation Measures described in Sections 4.10.3 and 4.10.4 above, impacts will be less than significant.

4.8 (c) Disturbance of Human Remains
Implementation of the 1994 General Plan would allow development and redevelopment, including grading, of sensitive areas, possibly disturbing human remains, including those outside of formal cemeteries. Existing regulations, including the California Public Resources Code §5097.98, Health and Safety Code §7050.5, Public Resources Code §21083.2 and CEQA Guidelines §15064.5(f) are 20 ISMND TTM 30398, ISMND LDP 22-13, and Adelanto North 2035 Comprehensive Sustainability Plan EIR. 451

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4.8 Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 146 required and would afford protection for human remains discovered during development activities.

In addition, review and protection are afforded by CEQA for projects subject to discretionary action, particularly for activities that could potentially disturb human remains. However, Public Resources Code §5097.98, Health and Safety Code §7050.5, Public Resources Code §21083.2 and CEQA Guidelines §15064.5(f), mandates the process to be followed in the event of a discovery of any human remains. Impacts to human remains would be less than significant.

Post 1994 General Plan Update FEIR Certification Thresholds Since the FEIR certification, CEQA Guidelines Appendix G has been revised to include a new Tribal Cultural Resources threshold; refer to Section 4.21, Tribal Cultural Resources, for further discussion.

4.8.6 New Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to cultural resources with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

4.8.7 Conclusion
Development in the City has the potential to impact historical and archaeological resources. The City requires all future development to protect cultural resources, including archaeological, historical, and paleontological materials or artifacts. Implementing existing Programs and Policies will ensure the protection of historic resources by requiring that a records search be performed prior to construction activities affecting historical resources and by requiring that impacts to historic resources be mitigated to less than significant levels. Given required compliance with local and state regulations and implementation of the proposed Implementing Programs, impacts associated with development supported by the 1994 General Plan and implementing actions will be less than significant.

The existing 1994 General Plan Update policies, outlined above, will provide sufficient programmatic protection for undiscovered archaeological resources or artifacts that may be present within the City. Therefore, impacts related to these resources will be reduced to less than significant levels, and no new mitigation is required.

The proposed South Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new residential development. Therefore, the proposed change from R-1 to RS-5 would not affect cultural resources. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning cultural resources has been discovered since the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR certification. Thus, the South Land Use Element Update implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning cultural resources than anticipated in the 1994 General Plan Final EIR, and no new mitigation is required. 452

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.9 Energy
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 147

4.9 Energy
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.9.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Update Final EIR Conclusions In the absence of energy conservation measures, the wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during future construction or operation may occur. General Plan policies require all new developments to implement energy conservation techniques into the development design to minimize consumption levels of renewable and non-renewable natural resources. With implementation of these measures, energy use would not be wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary.

4.9.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
None.

4.9.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Update Policies
COS 2 All new developments will be required to implement energy conservation techniques into the development design.

COS 4 Conservation techniques shall be required for proposed development (both domestic and industrial) to minimize consumption levels of renewable and non-renewable natural resources including water resources.

COS 8 The City will encourage residential, commercial, industrial users to conserve the use of water and other renewable and non-renewable natural resources by incorporating conservation measures.

COS 9 The City shall promote the development and use of alternative energy sources, such as passive solar in industrial, commercial and residential developments.

4.9.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Update Final EIR Mitigation Measures

3.7.3.1 The City will require “low flow”’ plumbing fixtures and other water conserving techniques to reduce overall per capita water consumption. 453

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.9 Energy
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 148

3.7.3.2 All new developments will be required to implement energy conservation techniques into the development design.

3.7.3.4 Conservation techniques shall be required for proposed development (both domestic and industrial) to minimize consumption levels of renewable and non-renewable natural resources including water resources.

3.7.3.8 The City will encourage residential, commercial, industrial users. Conserve the use of water and other renewable and non-renewable natural resources by incorporating conservation measures.

3.7.3.9 The City shall promote the development and use of alternative energy sources, such as passive solar in industrial, commercial and residential developments.

4.9.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.9 (a) Wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation
Electricity and Natural Gas
Construction – Future development allowed under the South General Plan Land Use Element Update (Plan) would require the use of electric power tools. The consumption of electricity would be temporary in nature and would not represent a significant demand on available supplies. The use of natural gas is not typically anticipated to be used during construction.

Operations – Occupancy of the residential dwelling units would result in the consumption of natural gas and electricity. Natural gas would be supplied to the Project by Southwest Gas Corporation and electricity would be supplied by SCE. The Plan does not propose uses that are inherently energy intensive and the energy demands in future development would be comparable to other land use projects of similar scale and configuration. Future development under the Plan will also be required to comply with the applicable Title 24 standards.

The consumption of fuel would be temporary in nature and would not represent a significant demand on available supplies. As required by state law,21 idling times of construction vehicles is limited to no more than five minutes, thereby minimizing, or eliminating unnecessary and wasteful consumption of fuel due to unproductive idling of construction equipment. Equipment employed in 21 California Code of Regulations Title 13, Motor Vehicles, §2449(d)(3) Idling. 454

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.9 Energy
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 149 construction of future developments under the Plan would therefore not result in inefficient wasteful, or unnecessary consumption of fuel.

Enhanced fuel economies realized pursuant to federal and state regulatory actions, and related transition of vehicles to alternative energy sources (e.g., electricity, natural gas, biofuels, hydrogen cells) would likely decrease future gasoline fuel demands per VMT.

4.9 (b) State or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency The regulations directly applicable to the Project are Building Energy Efficiency Standards, Title 24, Part 6, and CALGreen Title 24, Part 11. These regulations include but are not limited to the use of energy efficient heating and cooling systems, water conserving plumbing and water-efficient irrigation systems. Future development under the Plan is required to demonstrate compliance with these regulations as part of the building permit and inspection process.

4.9.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to energy will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

4.9.7 Conclusion
The proposed South General Plan Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new development. No new information of substantial importance concerning energy has been discovered since the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR certification. Thus, Project implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning recreation than anticipated in the 1994 General Plan Update. 455

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4.10 Geology and Soils
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 150

4.10 Geology and Soils
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving:
i) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist‐Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning
Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42.
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
ii) Strong seismic ground shaking? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
iii) Seismic‐related ground failure, including liquefaction? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ iv) Landslides? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ c) Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and
potentially result in on‐ or off‐site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18‐1‐B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating direct or indirect substantial risks to life or property?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
e) Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative waste water disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of waste water?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
f) Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.10.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Update Final EIR Conclusions The following impacts may result through the implementation of land use policies contained in the 1994 General Plan Update.

3.1 Earth Resources

3.1 Increased soil disturbance and erosion due to new development construction and grading.

3.2 New development occurring adjacent to sensitive landforms and features.

3.3 Increased urban development within proximity to major regional geologic hazards.

3.4 Encroachment into sensitive hillside and drainage features within the Planning Area. 456

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4.10 Geology and Soils
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 151

4.10.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
According to the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR, the only unavoidable adverse impacts which may not be reduced to insignificance and for which no mitigation measures are proposed are the seismic safety hazards to the project area population, structures, and infrastructure. However, compliance with General Plan Policies and mitigation measures can reduce impacts to the maximum extent possible.

4.10.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Update Policies
Safety 1.11 The City will require all proposed developments to submit a soils and geologic report prepared by a certified geologist which shall include mitigation if any geologic hazards are identified

4.10.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Update Final EIR Mitigation Measures Earth Resources, Chapter 3.1.3, Seismicity Mitigation Measures

3.1.3.1 All grading within the project area must be accomplished in accordance with the appropriate requirements set forth in the City of Adelanto Grading Ordinance and Standard Conditions as approved by the City Engineer including dust control measures.

3.1.3.3 Site specific soil studies may be necessary to evaluate the potential for liquefaction at any given building site. For new construction, most liquefaction problems can be resolved by proper identification of the problem and appropriate foundation design.

Specific guidelines shall be developed for the collection of data for determination of liquefaction potential at a site. The guidelines should include minimum depth of bore holes, minimum lapse time for observation of water level, sample types and frequencies, and the appropriate soils test for evaluation of suspect soil types.

3.1.3.4 Review as necessary, site design and construction requirements for proposed facilities, and encourage the strengthening of selected facilities not meeting current standards.

3.1.3.5 All new development must comply with the Building Coda, the Zoning Ordinance, the Subdivision Ordinance, and established seismic safety standards.

3.1.3.10 The City will require all proposed developments to submit a soils and geologic report prepared by a certified geologist which shall include mitigation if any geologic hazards are identified.

Earth Resources, Chapter 3.1.3, Liquefaction Mitigation Measures

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.10 Geology and Soils
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 152

3.1.3.4 Review as necessary, site design and construction requirements for proposed facilities, and encourage the strengthening of selected facilities not meeting current standards.

3.1.3.5 All new development must comply with the Building Coda, the Zoning Ordinance, the Subdivision Ordinance, and established seismic safety standards.

3.1.3.10 The City will require all proposed developments to submit a soils and geologic report prepared by a certified geologist which shall include mitigation if any geologic hazards are identified.

3.1.3.14 Require special soils and structural investigation for all proposed structures of largescale buildings or involving large groups of people.

4.10.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.10 (a) Exposure to Adverse Effects of Earthquakes
Each development project considered for approval by the City under the Adelanto South General Plan would be required to comply with seismic safety provisions of the CBC (Title 24, Part 2 of the California Code of Regulations) and have a geotechnical investigation conducted for the affected project site. The geotechnical investigation would calculate seismic design parameters pursuant to CBC requirements and would include foundation and structural design recommendations, as needed, to reduce hazards to people and structures arising from ground shaking. Impacts would be less than significant.

4.10 (b) Soil Erosion and Loss of Topsoil
Grading and construction of development and redevelopment projects could expose large amounts of soil and could result in soil erosion if effective erosion control measures were not used. Best management practices (BMPs) for erosion control are required under National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) regulations pursuant to the federal Clean Water Act. NPDES requirements for construction projects one acre or more in area are set forth in the General Construction Permit issued by the State Water Resources Control Board (SRWCB; Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ).

New development within the City is required to prepare a site-specific Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP). The WQMP contains post-construction measures, which will help reduce potential 458

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.10 Geology and Soils
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 153 impacts to soil erosion to less than significant levels and identifies measures to treat and/or limit the entry of contaminants into the storm drain system.

4.10 (c,d) Unstable & Expansive Soils
Compressible Soils
Compressible soils are most likely to occur in the modern and prehistoric floodplains of the major drainages,such as the Santa Ana River. Compressible soils are also commonly found in hillside areas, typically in canyon bottoms and swales, and at the base of natural slopes. The upper few feet of older alluvium, which are commonly weathered and/or disturbed, are also typically compressible.

When development is planned within areas that contain potentially compressible soils, a geotechnical soil analysis is required to identify this hazard. The analysis should consider soil types onsite; the load of any proposed fills and structures that are planned; the type of structure (i.e., a road, pipeline, or building); and local groundwater conditions. Removal and recompaction of nearsurface soils are generally the minimum required. Deeper removals may be needed for heavier loads or for structures that are sensitive to minor settlement. Based on the soil analysis, partial removal and recompaction of the compressible soils is sometimes performed, followed by settlement monitoring for a number of months after additional fill has been placed but before structures are built. In cases where it is not feasible to remove the compressible soils, buildings can be supported on specially engineered foundations that may include caissons or piles.

Collapsible Soils
Young alluvial sediments in the Adelanto area may be locally susceptible to soil collapse due to their low density, granular nature, rapid deposition in the alluvial fan environment, and the generally dry condition of the near-surface soils. The potential for soils to collapse should be evaluated on a sitespecific basis as part of the geotechnical studies for development. If the soils are determined to be collapsible, the hazard can be reduced by several different measures or combination of measures, including excavation and recompaction, or pre-saturation and preloading of the susceptible soils in place to induce collapse prior to construction. After construction, infiltration of water into the subsurface soils should be minimized by proper surface drainage design to direct excess runoff to catch basins and storm drains.
459

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.10 Geology and Soils
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 154 Expansive Soils
Soils in parts of the City may be expansive: valley and canyon areas and weathered old alluvial fan deposits. Development of projects on sites underlain by expansive soils could subject people and structures to hazards from expansive soils. Development of projects pursuant to the General Plan would require subsurface geotechnical exploration and testing and compliance with recommendations in project geotechnical investigation reports.

4.10 (e) Septic Systems
According to the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR, since sewerage systems are the preferred method of wastewater collection, and whenever mandated by the Regional Water Quality Control Board or County Department of Environmental Health Services, dry sewers (standard sewer lines to be used for future connection to the sewer system) or appropriate financial arrangements shall be provided per the requirements of the City when the following conditions exist:

1. The proposed project lies within 600 feet of a sewer line to be constructed within 10 (ten) years per the City's approved Master Plan.

2. The RWQCB requires dry sewers as a condition of the waste discharge permit.

3. Require an updated sewerage system as development occurs within the City.

Since sewer systems are the preferred method of wastewater collection, connection to the sewer system shall be required for any proposed development or subdivision of land that exceeds the minimum requirements of the RWQCB. Exceptions may be approved subject to review by the Regional Water Quality Control Board for Package Wastewater Treatment Plants, individual onsite and multiple owner septic systems, holding tanks, and experimental systems.

There is no impact, because new development would not be allowed to install septic tanks or alternative wastewater treatment facilities.

4.10 (f) Paleontological Resources
There is a potential to uncover undiscovered paleontological resources in City of Adelanto. contains geologic formations known potentially to contain paleontological resources. Future development of vacant land throughout the City may uncover previously undiscovered fossiliferous materials, so this impact is potentially significant.

With implementation of the identified Adelanto South General Plan goal policies, plus the regulatory requirements of the state potential impacts to paleontological resources from future development within the City will be reduced to less than significant levels.

4.10.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
None required.
460

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4.10 Geology and Soils
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 155

4.10.7 Conclusion
The proposed South Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new residential development. The proposed South Land Use Element Update includes the existing goals, programs and policies to guide new development. Therefore, the proposed changes would not affect the potential exposure to seismic or geologic hazards. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning seismic or geologic hazards has been discovered since the 1994 General Plan Final EIR certification. Thus, Project implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning seismic or geologic hazards than anticipated in the 1994 General Plan Final EIR, and no new mitigation is required.
461

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4.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 156

4.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the
environment?
☐ ☐ ☒ ☐
b) Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.11.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Update EIR Conclusions At the time the 1994 General Plan Update was adopted, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were not directly identified as an environmental impact topic. By enacting Senate Bill 97 in 2007, California’s lawmakers expressly recognized the need to analyze greenhouse gas emissions as a part of the CEQA process. SB 97 required Governor’s Office of Planning and Research to develop, and the California Natural Resources Agency (Agency) to adopt, amendments to the CEQA Guidelines addressing the analysis and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Those amendments became effective on March 18, 2010. In late 2018, the Agency finalized amendments to the CEQA Guidelines, including changes to CEQA Guidelines §15064.4, which addresses the analysis of greenhouse gas emissions.

The amendments became effective on December 28, 2018.

GHGs to be regulated, reduced, and included in the state’s targets and goals includes seven GHGs:
carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3). Carbon dioxide is the primary GHG emitted in California, accounting for 83 percent of the total GHG emissions in 2019, transportation (primarily on-road travel) is the single largest source of CO2 emissions in the state.

Upstream transportation emissions from the refinery and oil and gas sectors are categorized as CO2 emissions from industrial sources and constitute about 50 percent of the industrial source emissions. When these emissions sources are attributed to the transportation sector, the emissions from the transportation sector amount to approximately half of statewide GHG emissions. In addition to transportation, electricity production, and industrial and residential sources also are important contributors to CO2 emissions.

Although GHG emissions are not quantitively addressed in the 1994 against a threshold of significance, they are qualitatively addressed through General Plan policies that reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT), energy conservation, or water conservation. 462

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4.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 157

4.11.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts with implementation of the 1994 General Plan policies.

4.11.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Update Policies
Chapter Seven: Conservation and Open Space Element
AQ 1. 9 The City will require new developments to consider pedestrian access in project plan designs.

COS 2 All new developments will be required to implement energy conservation techniques into the development design.

COS 8 The City will encourage residential, commercial, industrial users to conserve the use of water and other renewable and non-renewable natural resources by incorporating conservation measures.

COS 9 The City shall promote the development and use of alternative energy sources, such as passive solar in industrial, commercial and residential developments.

LU 1.1.1 The City will require "low flow" plumbing fixtures and other water conserving techniques to reduce overall per capita water consumption.

LU 1.1.4 Require the use of drought tolerant plant materials for all types of development, including the use of native California species.

NR 1.3 The City will encourage residential, commercial, industrial users to conserve the use of water and other renewable and non-renewable natural resources by incorporating conservation measures.

WQ 1.1 The City will require that development be designed and constructed to conserve water utilizing low flow irrigation and plumbing fixtures and facilities WQ 1.5 The City will require that all new development utilize water conservation techniques to conserve water resources, such as the use of low-flow irrigation and plumbing systems in new and existing development.
463

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4.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 158

4.11.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Update Final EIR Mitigation Measures

3.2 Climate and Air Quality (CAQ)
Mitigation measures to reduce impacts to the air quality environment are as follows:

CAQ 1 The City shall continue to work with the Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District and any other agencies in order to enforce and implement regional air quality plans.

CAQ 2 The City will review, as necessary, all new developments to determine the potential air quality impacts, as well as any other environmental analysis deemed appropriate by the City.

CAQ 6 The City will consider all feasible means of reducing vehicle miles traveled by City employees and residents.

CAQ 15 The City will monitor efforts of the Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District, South Coast Air Quality Management District, and the State of California Air Resources Board in improving air quality in the Los Angeles Basin.

CAQ 21 Require new development to incorporate design features which facilitate transit service and encourage transit ridership such as bus pull-out areas, covered bus stop facilities, efficient trail system through projects to transit stops, designation of special on-site parking spaces beyond base requirements for commuter park-ride purposes, and incorporation of pedestrian walkways that pass-through subdivision boundary walls.

CAQ 28 Identify and prioritize system improvements needed to increase mobility, such as signal synchronization and establish a program for the orderly implementation of such improvements.

CAQ 29 Require circulation improvements prior to, or concurrent with development.

CAQ 35 Require new residential subdivisions over 160 acres to include supportive commercial uses, including retail uses and services, that are conveniently accessible to pedestrians and bicyclists.

CAQ 37 Implement plans and programs to phase in energy conservation improvements, equipment and facilities.

CAQ 40 Minimize particulate emissions during road, parking lot and building construction phase.

CAQ 41 Control particulate emissions from unpaved roads, vehicle maneuvering areas and parking lots.
464

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4.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 159

3.7 Land Use
Policies of the Land Use Element designed to reduce impact on the land use pattern of the City include the following:

LU 1 The City will require "low flow'' plumbing fixtures and other water conserving techniques to reduce overall per capita water consumption.

LU 54 Promote low per capita water use through the use of low water consumptive plant materials/desert plants (xeriscape).

3.8 Natural Resources
Policies of the Conservation/Open Space Element designed to reduce impact on natural resources within the City include the following:

NR 2 All new developments will be required to implement energy conservation techniques into the development design.

NR 4 Conservation techniques shall be required for proposed development (both domestic and industrial) to minimize consumption levels of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources including water resources
NR 8 The City will encourage residential, commercial, industrial users to conserve the use of water and other renewable and non-renewable natural resources by incorporating conservation measures.

NR 9 The City shall promote the development and use of alternative energy sources, such as passive solar in industrial, commercial and residential developments.

4.11.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.11 (a, b) GHG Emissions & GHG Plans
Regulatory Framework
The City has not adopted quantitative significance thresholds for assessing impacts related to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The MDAQMD has adopted a threshold of 100,000 MTCO2e per year for land development projects. However, this threshold is intended to apply to individual projects, rather than General Plan level land use plan amendments that only involve policy changes, and not actual development projects.

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 160 CEQA Guidelines §15183.5 states that a lead agency may determine that a project’s incremental contribution to a cumulative effect is not cumulatively considerable if the project complies with the requirements in a previously adopted mitigation program, or plan for the reduction of GHG emissions. Per CEQA Guidelines §15064(h)(3), a project’s incremental contribution to a cumulative impact can be found not cumulatively considerable if a project would comply with an approved plan or mitigation program that provides specific requirements that will avoid or substantially lessen the cumulative problem within the geographic area of a project. To qualify, such a plan or program must be specified in law or adopted by the public agency with jurisdiction over the affected resources through a public review process to implement, interpret, or make specific the law enforced or administered by the public agency (California Code of Regulations, Title 14, §15064(h)(3)). Examples of such programs include a “water quality control plan, air quality attainment or maintenance plan, integrated waste management plan, habitat conservation plan, natural community conservation plan, [and] plans or regulations for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions” (CCR, Title 14, §15064(h)(3)).

The Project is a planning document, the approval of which would not directly result in the development of land uses and would not directly result in GHG emissions. Future GHG emissions may result from new development that could occur from adoption of the proposed General Plan update. This assessment quantifies GHG emissions from such new development under buildout conditions of the proposed General Plan update. Although GHG emissions have been quantified as detailed in Table 4.11-1, Area 5 & 6 Total GHG Emissions at Buildout per 1994 General Plan and Table 14.11-2, Area 5 & 6 Total GHG Emissions at Buildout per Amended 1994 General Plan below.

Neither CARB, SCAQMD, nor the City has adopted quantitative significance thresholds. In the absence of any adopted quantitative threshold, the determination of whether new development that could occur from adoption of the proposed General Plan update would result in a cumulatively considerable contribution to the cumulative impacts of global climate change is based on the following.
• If the Project would conflict with (and thereby be inconsistent with) the applicable GHG emissions reduction plans, policies, and regulations, which include the emissions reduction measures included within CARB’s Climate Change Scoping Plan; SCAG’s 2020-2045 RTP/SCS; and the City’s CAP energy efficiency goals and strategies.

In the 2017 Scoping Plan, CARB recommends that local governments aim to achieve emissions of no more than 6 MTCO2e per capita by 2030.
22 Therefore, 6 MTCO2e per capita by 2030 is the threshold used for this analysis.
22 2017 CARB Scoping Plan Documents, https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/ab-32-climate-change-scoping-plan/2017- scoping-plan-documents
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4.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 161 Project GHG Emissions
GHG emissions associated with future new development would occur over the short-term from construction activities and would consist primarily of emissions from equipment exhaust. There would also be long-term regional emissions associated with specific project-related new vehicular trips and stationary source emissions, such as natural gas used for heating and electricity usage for lighting. There are no established GHG thresholds at present for construction emissions.

Long-term operation of the South Land Use Element Update would generate GHG emissions from area and mobile sources and indirect emissions from stationary sources associated with energy consumption. Mobile-source emissions of GHGs would include project-generated vehicle trips associated with residential activities. Area-source emissions would be associated with activities such as landscaping and maintenance of proposed land uses, natural gas for heating, and other sources.

Increases in stationary-source emissions would also occur at off-site utility providers as a result of demand for electricity, natural gas, and water by the proposed uses. In addition, methane generated from wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal.

Tables 4.11-1 below summarize the operational annual GHG emissions resulting from the full buildout of Areas 5 and 6 under the 1994 General Plan Update. The 1994 General Plan Update for Areas 5 and 6 was estimated to generate approximately 80,522.58 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e) greenhouse gases. The Proposed Project is estimated to generate approximately 99,235.58 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e) greenhouse gases.

Table 4.11-1
Area 5 & 6 Total GHG Emissions at Buildout per 1994 General Plan Land Use Density Acres Housing Units
GHG Emissions
(MT/YR)
Single Family Residential (R1) 4 units/acre 1,566 6,264 80,522.58 Project CO2e GHG Emissions Per Capita 2.20
Single Family Residential (RS-5) 5 units/acre 1,566 7,830 99,235.58 Project CO2e GHG Emissions Per Capita 2.71
In the 2017 Scoping Plan, CARB recommends that local governments aim to achieve emissions of no more than 6 MT CO2e per capita by 2030

6.00 Meets Threshold? Yes
The proposed South Land Use Element Update contains policies that support a majority of the local measures noted in the San Bernardino County Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan. In the cases where it does not, the current Adelanto 1994 General Plan Update will remain in effect and continue to guide future development in Areas 5 and 6 in a manner that reduces greenhouse gas emissions. 467

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4.11 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 162

4.11.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to greenhouse gas emissions will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

4.11.7 Conclusion
The proposed South Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new residential development. As shown above in Table 4.11-1, because the Project meets CARB’s recommendation to achieve emissions of no more than 6 MT CO2e per capita by 2030, it will not conflict with State plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Impacts related to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change will be less than significant at the program level.

No additional information of substantial importance concerning GHG has been discovered, since GP FEIR certification. Thus, Project implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning GHG than anticipated in the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR, and no mitigation is required.
468

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4.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 163

4.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident
conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one‐
quarter mile of an existing or proposed school?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code
Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a
significant hazard to the public or the environment?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
e) For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within 2 miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
f) Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency
evacuation plan?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
g) Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.12.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Update Final EIR Conclusions

3.9 Risk of Upset
The City of Adelanto is bisected by U.S. Highway 395, which is a major truck route between Southern California and Canada. Many hazardous waste materials are transported on Highway 395 and could affect local residents and the environment if an accident should occur.

4.12.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

4.12.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Update Policies
There are no General Plan Policies identified that apply to Hazards and Hazardous Materials. 469

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4.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 164

4.12.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Update Final EIR Mitigation Measures

3.1 Earth Resources

3.1.3.2. The sampling. analysis, and remediation of any contaminated soils must be performed in accordance with all State and Federal regulations pertaining to the methods for evaluating solid and hazardous wastes.

3.9.3 Risk of Upset
Policies of the Safety Element designed to reduce impact on potential hazards within the City include the following.

3.9.3.1 The City will ensure that all appropriate ·construction and safety standards are incorporated into all new development.

3.9.3.2 The City will review all development proposals to determine the possible impacts of each development on emergency services.

3.9.3.3 The City will enforce all Federal, State, County and local laws requiring all users, producers, and transporters of hazardous materials and waste to clearly identify any materials in the event of a violation.

3.9.3.4 The City will require all land uses involved in the production, storage, transportation, handling or disposal of hazardous materials be located at a safe distance from land uses that may be adversely impacted by these activities.

4.12.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.12 (a, b): Hazardous Material Use, Transport and Storage, Accidental Release There is a possibility that future development in the City, especially industrial projects, could accidentally release hazardous materials within the City during routine use, transport, or disposal.

The most likely method of release would be a traffic accident involving one or more vehicles hauling hazardous materials. Additionally, there are many vacant parcels that could be the site of earlier development or unknown dumping of potentially hazardous materials. Properties in the City may have been developed prior to existing federal and state laws and regulations regarding hazardous materials. As these properties are redeveloped in the future, there is a possibility that hazardous materials such as asbestos, lead-based paint, etc. could be encountered.

Buildout in accordance with the Adelanto South General Plan would result in an increase in the frequency of transport, use, and disposal of hazardous materials associated with commercial and industrial growth within Adelanto. An increase in the transport of hazardous waste from buildout of the Adelanto South General Plan could result in more accidental events, such as spills, that release hazardous materials.
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4.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 165 Current federal and state regulations, as well as County and City ordinances, would regulate the handling of hazardous substances to reduce potential releases; exposure; and risks of transporting, storing, treating, and disposing of hazardous materials and wastes. Impacts would be less than significant.

4.12 (c) Hazards within ¼ mile of schools
The City does not have jurisdiction with respect to the location, design, or construction of school facilities; however, future development in proximity to an existing or already planned school site would be subject to City review concerning potential environmental effects, in accordance with the City’s routine CEQA compliance procedures. Through the existing planning process, impacts involving manufacture, use, transport, storage, or disposal of hazardous substances and wastes near a school site will be considered. If potentially significant effects are identified, measures to avoid or reduce impacts to less than significant levels would also need to be identified, and the City would be required to consider feasible mitigation measures and make specific findings to document that consideration.

4.12 (d) Hazardous Materials Sites
Because the Adelanto South General Plan and related implementing actions allow for but do not authorize any specific development project or any other land use altering proposal, the project would not result in any direct impacts involving a development project on a site known to be contaminated and reported as such under California Government Code §65962.5. The proposed Project identifies sites for future housing development on vacant and underutilized properties.

Depending on current or past uses, site contamination may have occurred. Sensitive and other land uses could also be proposed on known or currently unknown sites contaminated by hazardous materials. Development on contaminated sites not only poses a threat to persons on the site but also prevents the contamination from being cleaned, allowing it to continue to transport through the soil and eventually to groundwater resources.

The 1994 General Plan polices, and mitigation measures described above ensure that the risk of upset involving hazardous materials would not result in significant impacts to people or the environment.

4.12 (e & f): Public & Private Airport Safety Hazard
There is a private airport and one heliport within 2 miles from the Project Area.

Adelanto Airport
Adelanto Airport is a privately owned airstrip with two unpaved runways. One extends north-south and is 3,930 feet long and 100 feet wide. The other extends east-west and is 5,100 feet long and 100 feet wide. Based at this airstrip are 21 aircraft of which 15 are single-engine airplanes, 3 are helicopters, 2 are glider airplanes, and 1 is an ultralight. Use of this airstrip is exclusively private, and 471

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 166 permission is required prior to any aircraft landing. There is irregular attendance at this facility due to irregular use. All flight plans are required to be cleared with SCLA to avoid conflicting traffic. Due to the private nature of the airstrip, the irregularity of flight scheduling, and coordination with SCLA, impacts related to aircraft operations will be minimal.

IMPA Adelanto Heliport
The IMPA Adelanto Heliport is privately owned by the Intermountain Power Agency. It consists of a single concrete helipad that is 70 feet by 70 feet. The heliport is managed by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power and is located at the Adelanto Converter Station near the intersection of Pansy Road and Raccoon Avenue. Permission is required prior to landing at this facility. Due to the irregular use of the heliport, impacts related to aircraft operations will be minimal.

Pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the City’s standard environmental review process, potential future development within the influence area of the SCLA and within the vicinity of Adelanto Airport and the IMPA Adelanto Heliport will be evaluated for potential impacts related to airport hazards. Impacts related to safety hazards and airport operations will be less than significant with implementation of existing standards and recommendations.

4.12 (g) Adopted Emergency Response Plan
Impairment of emergency or evacuation procedures can result in increased property damage and/or personal injury by slowing emergency services response times or preventing the public from being able to escape emergency situations. The South General Plan and implementing actions do not include any proposed changes in the physical organization of the Project Area that could interfere with the City’s emergency response or evacuation procedures pursuant to NIMS, SEMS, or the City’s emergency response plan. Disaster response procedures are designed to be flexible in nature to adapt to the volatile and unpredictable nature of disasters and hazards. This flexibility allows for emergency response services and City staff to respond to varying emergencies regardless of location, size, or number of persons affected. No impact will occur.

4.12 (h) Wildland Fires
The Project Area is not located in a wildland fire hazard area.23 The Adelanto South General Plan and related implementation will not directly expose people or property to the threat of wildland fires.
23 https://egis.fire.ca.gov/FHSZ/
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4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.12 Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 167

4.12.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to hazards and hazardous materials were identified or will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

4.12.7 Conclusion
The proposed South Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new development. Therefore, the proposed changes would not result in greater exposure to hazards and hazardous materials. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning cultural resources has been discovered since the 1994 General Plan FEIR certification. Thus, implementation of the South Land Use Element Update would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning hazards and hazardous materials than anticipated in the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR, and no new mitigation is required. 473

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 168

4.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or groundwater?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the
project may impede sustainable groundwater management
of the basin?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious
surfaces, in a manner which would result in substantial erosion or siltation on‐ or off‐site?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
i) result in substantial erosion or siltation on‐ or off‐site; ii) substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on‐ or offsite;
iii) create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of
polluted runoff; or
iv) impede or redirect flood flows?
d) In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundation? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
e) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.13.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Update Final EIR Conclusions

3.3 Water Resources
The following impacts to the surface hydrologic system of the Planning Area may result from implementation of land use policies:

3.3.2.1 Increased urban development will reduce the water absorption capabilities of the land within the Planning Area, generating more surface runoff into the existing natural drainage system.

3.3.2.2 Increased development will generate a significant amount of siltation that. will affect the natural drainage channels adversely.

3.3.2.3 Urban encroachment may result in substantial erosion near sensitive geologic features, including drainage channels and sensitive watershed areas. 474

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 169

3.3.2.4 The inclusion of a substantial amount of industrial land use area may generate a significant amount of potentially toxic storm runoff, which could eventually percolate into the potable water supply system of the City.

4.13.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts. During individual project construction, the potential exists for unavoidable short-term and cumulative adverse impacts to water quality due to the disturbance of in-place contaminated soils. The significance of this impact can be mitigated to acceptable levels via execution of appropriate waste management plans and permit requirements.

4.13.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Update Policies
WQ-3 To assure that storm runoff in industrial sectors of the Planning Area does not contaminate the groundwater resources of the Planning Area.

PF 3: The City shall encourage the development and construction of a local flood control system to:
a. Protect life and property from flood hazards.
b. Allow for joint use facilities for wildlife migration and recreational corridors. c. Protect the quality of storm waters from urban runoff.

4.13.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Update Final EIR Mitigation Measures

3.15 Utilities

3.15.3 Mitigation Measures
Drainage
Since individual developments may be subject to spot flooding from small streams or unmapped areas adjacent to mapped flood areas, the City shall require specific hydrology and hydraulic studies to be prepared at the time the developments are proposed. These studies shall:

1. Identify existing buildout drainage conditions of the General Plan update and measures which must be taken within the development project or downstream from the project to preclude impacts on the proposed development or increase impacts to downstream development. This includes the identification or primary (Master Plan) and secondary drainage facilities. These studies should be submitted and reviewed by the City Engineer and the City Manager.

2. Fully account for all planned flood-control facilities within or adjacent to the Project site.

When sections of flood-control facilities cannot be constructed, provision should be made for their ultimate construction, that is rights-of-ways reserved and construction funds secured. Additionally, interim facilities must be provided which will be able to handle the additional runoff from the proposed development until the planned flood control facilities are constructed.

3. Develop the drainage system in a natural state where possible. 475

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 170 Since the FEMA mapping and studies do not yet identify all flood hazard areas in the entire City, the following mitigation measures will be required:

1. Programs for the continuous evaluation and designation of floodway, floodplain and drainage areas shall be identified and financed.

Since drainage from adjacent development contributes to flood hazards, the following shall be required:

1. Surface run-off from new development shall be controlled by on-site measures including but not limited to:

Structural controls and restrictions regarding changes in topography, removal of vegetation, creation of impervious surfaces, and periods of construction, such that the need for off-site flood and drainage control improvements is minimized and such that run-off from the development will not result in downstream flood hazards.

Flood control and drainage measures are part of the overall community improvement program and should advance the goals of recreation, resource conservation, preservation of natural riparian vegetation and habitat, and the preservation of the scenic values of the City's streams and creeks.

The City shall:

1. Consider ecological significance and aesthetic quality of natural drainage channels in the design of all drainage projects.

2. Preserve designated drainage channels and water courses such as creeks and riverbeds as resource management areas or linear parks and recreation trails, when possible.

4.13.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.13 (a & e) Violate Water Quality Standards
Buildout of the proposed areas in accordance with the South General Plan would generate pollutants during the construction and operation of individual projects.

Chapter 17.93.050 - Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Plan of the Adelanto Municipal Code requires that projects obtain a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Stormwater Permit for construction activities. The permit is required for all Projects that include 476

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 171 construction activities, such as clearing, grading, and/or excavation that disturb at least one acre of total land area.

New construction and development of land uses designated in the proposed South General Plan would require projects to plan BMPs for four general phases of construction: (1) grading and land development (e.g., mass grade and rough grade), (2) utility and road installation, (3) vertical construction, and (4) final stabilization and landscaping. Therefore, BMP implementation for new construction can be evaluated in this general context. Site-specific details on individual BMPs would be dependent on the scope and breadth of each future project, which are not known at this time.

Since the proposed South General Plan Land Use Element Update does not include a specific development plan, project-specific WQMPs cannot be developed at this time. Future project specific WQMPs would be prepared at the time of project application. Moreover, LID and water quality treatment solutions prescribed in project specific WQMPs would be designed to support or enhance the regional BMPs and efforts implemented by the City. Surface water quality impacts would be less than significant.

4.13 (b) Groundwater Supplies
Future development under the South Land Use Element Update would be served with potable water by the Adelanto Public Utility Authority. Adelanto has groundwater wells within its distribution system that are actively used to pump groundwater from the Mojave River Groundwater Basin, which lies beneath Victor Valley. 24 The Mojave Basin Area was the subject of a court-ordered adjudication in 1993 due to the rapid growth within the area, increased withdrawals, and lowered groundwater levels. The court’s Judgment appointed Mojave Water Agency (MWA) as Watermaster 24 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, Victorville Water District, June 1, 2021, p.6-3, accessed on September 30, 2022. 477

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 172 of the Mojave Basin Area. The court ordered adjudication of the Mojave Basin Area allocates a variable free production allowance (FPA) to each purveyor that supplies more than 10 AFY, including Adelanto.

Ground Water Supply Discussion
The Project would be served with potable water by the Adelanto Public Utility Authority. Adelanto has groundwater wells within its distribution system that are actively used to pump groundwater from the Mojave River Groundwater Basin, which lies beneath Victor Valley.25 The Mojave Basin Area was the subject of a court-ordered adjudication in 1993 due to the rapid growth within the area, increased withdrawals, and lowered groundwater levels. The court’s Judgment appointed Mojave Water Agency (MWA) as Watermaster of the Mojave Basin Area. The court ordered adjudication of the Mojave Basin Area allocates a variable free production allowance (FPA) to each purveyor that supplies more than 10 AFY, including Adelanto.

Given the City’s total reliance on groundwater, the reliability of the City’s water supply is thus entirely dependent on the reliability of the groundwater in the Mojave River Basin managed by the Mojave Water Agency. Because almost all of the water used within the Mojave Water Agency’s service area is supplied by pumped groundwater, to supplement the local groundwater supplies, the Mojave Water Agency recharges the groundwater basins with State Water Project imported water, natural surface water flows, wastewater imports from outside the Mojave Water Agency’s service area, agricultural depletion from storage, and return flow from pumped groundwater not consumptively used. The Mojave Water Agency’s sources are only used to recharge the 25 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, Victorville Water District, June 1, 2021, p. 6-3, accessed on September 30, 2022. 478

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 173 groundwater basins and are not supplied directly to any retailers, except for two power plants, the High Desert Power Project, and the LUZ Solar Plant.

Groundwater Recharge Discussion
Future Development under the Plan would increase impervious surface coverage which would in turn reduce the amount of direct infiltration of runoff into the ground. Future development will be required to use roads within the Project site to carry runoff to water quality basin, designed for infiltration, retention and detention. As such, the Plan will not interfere substantially with groundwater recharge.

Sustainable Groundwater Management Discussion
California depends on groundwater for a major portion of its annual water supply, particularly during times of drought. This reliance on groundwater has resulted in overdraft and unsustainable groundwater usage in many of California’s basins.26 The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) was enacted to halt overdraft and bring groundwater basins into balanced levels of pumping and recharge. The City of Adelanto is located within the Upper Mojave River Valley portion of the Mojave River Basin.

The Mojave River is an adjudicated basin (i.e., water rights are determined by court order). 27 Adjudicated basins are exempt from the SGMA because such basins already operate under a courtordered management plan to ensure the long-term sustainability of a basin. No component of the Project would obstruct with or prevent implementation of the management plan for the Mojave River Basin. As such, the Project would not conflict with any sustainable groundwater management plan. Impacts would be less than significant.

Based on the analysis above, the proposed Adelanto South General Plan Land Use Element Update is not forecast to substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the local groundwater table level.
26 https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/gmp/, accessed on September 30, 2022. 27 https://gis.water.ca.gov/app/bp-dashboard/final/, accessed on September 30, 2022. 479

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 174

4.13 (c) Alter Drainage Patterns & Create or Contribute to Runoff Water; Housing in 100-Year Flood Hazard Area; Levee or Dam Failure
Alter Drainage Patterns & Create or Contribute to Runoff Water The Project will not directly change drainage patterns in the Project Area because no land altering activities are authorized by the Land Use Element Update. Future development within the Project Area is likely to change drainage patterns that could have the potential to result in on- or off-site erosion, siltation, or flooding.

Detail Standards series 200 provide a uniform method for adequate construction of storm drain facilities including catch basins, pipe bedding, culverts, and drop inlets. Implementation of these standards ensures that drainage facilities are designed to effectively transport storm water and thereby minimize on-site and off-site flooding due to development associated with changes in drainage patterns. Impacts related to drainage and o n- or off-site flooding and sedimentation will be less than significant.

Housing in 100-Year Flood Hazard Area
The proposed Land Use Element Update does not authorize any residential construction and therefore could not directly result in the placement of housing within flood hazards areas. The Project area is within Zone D, and not within a 100 Year Flood Zone A, according to FEMA FIRM Panel Nos. 06071C5795H and 06071C5790H. Additional smaller ephemeral streams are also located throughout the Planning Area. The proposed Land Use Element Update does include land use changes that would marginally increase residential densities in areas already designated for residential uses; therefore, potential redevelopment of these areas over the long-term are not anticipated to place additional housing within flood hazard zones over those currently existing. Any future housing constructed within a 100-year flood hazard zone will be subject CEQA review and mitigation would include constructing the homes above the flood zone or implementing flood control devices (such as levees) to protect the homes from flooding. Impacts will be less than significant with implementation of existing standards.
480

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 175 Levee or Dam Failure
There are five levees located within or in close proximity to Adelanto. One is located to the west of Richardson Road and south of El Mirage Road, one is located in central Adelanto south of Crippen Avenue and east of Raccoon Avenue, one is located in southern Adelanto north of Pansy Road and west of Daisy Road, one is located south of Adelanto north of Seneca Road and west of Aster Road, and one is located in eastern Adelanto south of the Southern California Logistics Airport along Mesa Linda Road. The Plan Area is not located within an inundation area. The Mojave River is an intermittent river in the eastern San Bernardino Mountains and is located to the east of the Southern California Logistics Airport. Most of the river’s flow is underground, while its surface channels remain dry most of the time, with the exception of the headwaters and several bedrock gorges in its lower reaches near Victorville. The river’s source is in the San Bernardino Mountains above Hesperia. Downstream, Deep Creek meets the West Fork, forming the Mojave River immediately upstream of the Mojave River Dam. Downstream of the dam, the Mojave River flows north and east, underground in most places, through Hesperia, Victorville, and Barstow. Areas along the Mojave River are subject to flooding and are monitored closely by the San Bernardino County Flood Control District during large storm events that produce heavy rainfall. The Comprehensive Sustainable Plan would not interfere with the county’s responsibilities in recertifying any levee within or protecting the Planning Area. Continued maintenance of area levees in accordance with Federal law will provide sufficient safeguards against potential damage due to levee failure. The 1994 General Plan and implementing actions would not authorize any flood control solutions that would not meet federal and county flood control standards. Impacts due to levee failure will be less than significant.

4.13 (d) Seiche, Tsunami, or Mudflow
The proposed South Land Use Element Update and implementing actions will not directly subject people to mudflow hazards because no construction, development, or other land alteration is authorized by the proposed South Land Use Element Update. The potential for mudflow is minimal throughout the majority of the Project Area because of the generally level grade and lack of hillsides and floodplains. Future development within the Project Area will be subject to the erosion and sediment controls of the Municipal Code and the hillside development regulation adopted in the California Building Code (CBC) to prevent hazards from mudflows and other debris flow issues.

Hillsides can be stabilized, and general erosion prevented by effective temporary planting (including rye grass, fast-germinating native seed, mulching with straw, chippings or other slope stabilization material), permanent planting of compatible drought-resistant species of ground cover, shrubs, or trees, or other ways of establishing new vegetation. The proposed Plan and implementing actions would not change or hinder the implementation of these ordinances. Therefore, impacts associated with mudflow hazards will be less than significant.

Due to the Project Area’s distance from the Pacific Ocean, no portion of the city is subject to tsunami hazards. There are no open reservoirs or other bodies of water within the Project Area that could expose development to seiche hazards.
481

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.13 Hydrology and Water Quality
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 176

4.13.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to hydrology and water quality will occur with the land use changes proposed that would lead to more significant impacts, and no new mitigation measures are required.

4.13.7 Conclusion
The proposed South Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new development. Therefore, the proposed changes would not affect hydrology or water quality. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning hydrology or water quality has been discovered since 1994 General Plan FEIR certification. Thus, Plan implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning hydrology or water quality than anticipated in the 1994 General Plan FEIR, and no mitigation is required.
482

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.14 Land Use and Planning
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 177

4.14 Land Use and Planning
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Physically divide an established community? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an
environmental effect?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Conflict with any applicable habitat conservation plan or natural community conservation plan? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.14.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Update EIR Conclusions Incorporation of the proposed mitigation measures into the proposed Project reduce impacts to a level of insignificance and there are no unavoidable adverse impacts. Since the threshold of significance is conformance to existing plans, with adoption of this General Plan Update, the land uses proposed will conform, leaving no significant impact.

4.14.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

4.14.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Policies
Chapter Three: Land Use
Policies of the Land Use Element adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect are as follows.
1a.) Residential Policies Residential development shall be encouraged to take place within the framework of, or contiguous to existing neighborhoods.

LU 1. 1 Promote low per capita water use through the use of low water consumptive plant materials/desert plants (xeriscape).

LU 1.2 Retain natural drainage channels and assure construction of facilities necessary to accommodate flows generated by proposed development. Retention areas and spreading grounds are to be incorporated where feasible.

LU 1.1.4 Require the use of drought tolerant plant materials for all types of development, including the use of native California species.

LU 1.1.5 Require new development to accommodate design criteria established in the Community Design Element.
483

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.14 Land Use and Planning
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 178

4.14.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures

3.7.3.1 The City will require "low flow'' plumbing fixtures and other water conserving techniques to reduce overall per capita water consumption.

3.7.3.2 Require the preservation and relocation of endangered plants and animals which may be in jeopardy due to increased development activity.

3.7.3.4 Require the use of drought tolerant plant materials for all types of development, including the use of native California species.

3.7.3.5 Require new development to accommodate design criteria established in the Community Design Element.

3.7.3.6 Require that infrastructure be in place prior to the occupancy of new development.

3.7.3.12 Encourage growth to occur according to the most efficient sequence from existing development to planned project areas.

3.7.3.19 Require the implementation of varied setback lines and the use of appropriate buffers between incompatible or conflicting land uses.

3.7.3.20 Require the preparation of development plans that incorporate the design components contained in the Community Design Element.

3.7.3.21 Request all developers to plan projects according to the specified land uses contained in the General Plan. Otherwise, the City will request the preparation of development plans or a special plan in order to be considered.

3.7.3.46 Encourage residential developments to contain a variety of product types, designs and features.

3.7.3.48 Drainage channels as shown on the Master Drainage Plan shall be considered as unalterable. No channels may be rerouted around development without prior approval by the City Council.

3.7.3.49 The City will encourage reverse design residential districts; those which do not front major streets, arterials or collectors.

3.7.3.51 Enforce the requirements set forth in the Development Regulations section of this document to assure quality development and upkeep.

3.7.3.52 Require the use of streetscapes and edge treatments to buffer all homes along major and minor streets utilizing xeriscape landscape to the greatest extent possible.

3.7.3.54 Promote low per capita water use through the use of low water consumptive plant materials/desert plants (xeriscape).

3.7.3.55 Retain natural drainage channels and assure construction of facilities necessary to accommodate flows generated by proposed development. Retention areas and spreading grounds are to be incorporated where feasible. 484

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.14 Land Use and Planning
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 179

3.7.3.57 Promote architectural designs that give Adelanto a unique, positive community image as it relates to the desert environment.

3.7.3.58 Protect environmentally unique and fragile areas such as bluffs, Joshua Tree woodland, the Mojave River Corridor and sensitive wildlife habitat areas.

4.14.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.14 (a) Physically Divide an Established Community
Division of a neighborhood may occur if the construction of a new freeway, railway, flood control channel, or other infrastructure project is constructed through a community. Redevelopment may also lead to the fracturing of a community, for example, when residential units are acquired and cleared for construction of commercial uses and new streets. Impacts associated within the division of an established community include a loss of community identity, disruption or loss of connectivity, and a degradation of the character of the area.

The South General Plan Land Use Element Update is a policy level project designed to direct longterm growth within the Planning Areas. The proposed South Land Use Element Update will retain the city’s primarily residential character in these areas currently designated for residential. All arterial roadway rights-of-way are established, and new development will connect to the planner or existing neckbone street system. No impacts related to the division of established communities will occur.

4.14 (b) Conflict with Land Use Plans, Policies, or Regulation The South Land Use Element Update is programmatic in nature and intended to establish both shortterm and long-term guidance for future development in the City. No development is allowed without further CEQA review to determine the level of environmental documentation required. The General Plan Policies and Mitigation Measures identified throughout this Addendum document inherently require future development to comply with any applicable land use plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the Project (including, but not limited to the general plan, specific plan, or zoning ordinance) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect.

4.14 (c) Conflict with Habitat Conservation Plan
Adelanto is within the Western Mojave Plan area; however, the City of Adelanto is not a signatory.

Currently, the Western Mojave Plan is only applicable to public lands. Three BLM-managed lands are located within the northwestern portion of the City. One parcel is located at the northwest corner of Adelanto, designated for open space, and the other two are located in the north, designated for Desert Living. These parcels are not subject to change with the South General Plan Land Use Element Update; however, future development on the two Desert Living parcels would be subject to the comprehensive strategy to conserve and protect sensitive plant and animal species and their natural communities.
485

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.14 Land Use and Planning
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 180 Adelanto is within the boundaries of the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan. When the DRECP is finalized and implemented, it will comprehensively address how participating entities with jurisdiction over renewable energy and transmission development projects in the deserts of California will conserve natural communities and species pursuant to the California NCCP Act and the FESA. If the City of Adelanto chooses to join the DRECP and authorize a renewable energy project, future energy projects would be required to comply with the provisions of the DRECP. The South General Plan Land Use Element Update supports conservation of habitat and sensitive species and would not conflict with implementation of the DRECP.

4.14.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to land use and planning will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

4.14.7 Conclusion
Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR, implementation of the Adelanto South General Plan Land Use Element Update changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts have related to Land Use and Planning that were not identified in the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR.

The Adelanto South General Plan and related implementing actions established goals and policies for future residential development throughout Areas 5 and 6. The South General Plan does not authorize any site-specific land altering activities or any particular development project, infrastructure improvement, or community facility and thus will have no direct impact Land Use and Planning. Future development projects will be constructed in light of the policies of the adopted Adelanto South General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures, and policies. 486

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.15 Mineral Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 181

4.15 Mineral Resources
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.15.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Final EIR Conclusions The EIR concluded that although there are no mining activities taking place, the potential exists for mineral resources to exist, with implementation of General Plan Policy NR 1.5 and Mitigation Measure NR 3.8.3, impacts would be less than significant.

4.15.1 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are none.

4.15.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Policies
NR 1.5 The City will restrict development in those areas which are determined to have significant reserves of natural resources, including gas, oil, and aggregate materials.

4.15.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures NR 3.8.3 The City will restrict development in those areas which are determined to have significant reserves of natural resources, including gas, oil, and aggregate materials.

4.15.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.15 (a & b) – Regionally and Locally Significant Mineral Resource Loss Although the Adelanto South General Plan will not result in the direct loss of a known mineral resource, implementation of the proposed Land Use Element Update may result in the permanent loss of known statewide and regionally valuable mineral resources. Loss of mineral resources could occur if the proposed Land Use Element Update changes a vacant area located within an M RZ-2 from a land use designation that supports current or future mineral extraction to a designation that would preclude future extraction of mineral resources. In order for the loss to be considered significant, an area and its surroundings must also be conducive to mineral extraction operations. 487

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.15 Mineral Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 182 The existing 1994 General Plan does not identify any locally important mineral resources. No other City planning documents identify any locally important mineral resources. No impacts to locally important mineral resources could occur as a result of the implementation of the proposed South General Plan Land Use Element Update and implementing actions.

4.15.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to mineral resources with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

4.15.7 Conclusion
The proposed South General Plan Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new residential development. Therefore, the proposed changes would not affect mineral resources. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning mineral resources has been discovered since the 1994 General Plan FEIR certification. Thus, Project implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning mineral resources than anticipated in the 1994 General Plan FEIR, and no mitigation is required.
488

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 183

4.16 Noise
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent
increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project more than standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐
b) Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or
groundborne noise levels? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

14.16.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Final EIR Conclusions Proposed Circulation and Development Impacts
Noise levels as high as 86 dB CNEL may be experienced at approximately 60 feet from centerline of major roadways and freeways. Increased urban development will add to noise levels of all improved and unimproved roadways in the Project area.

Construction Noise
There will be a significant increase in noise levels within the Project Area during construction, particularly in conjunction with grading and other site preparation activities. Typical noise levels produced by various types of construction equipment have been determined by the EPA and range generally from 70 to 95 dBA with pile drivers going as high as 105 dBA. Construction activities are anticipated to continue sporadically over the life of the General Plan as project implementation proceeds.

4.16.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
None. The 1994 General Plan has the potential to generate significant adverse noise impacts; however, the mitigation measures proposed are expected to reduce impacts to less than significant levels (i.e., land uses are expected to meet State noise standards). Therefore, implementation of the 1994 General Plan will not result in unavoidable adverse impacts to the noise environment. 489

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4.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 184

4.16.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Policies
Chapter Eight - Noise Element
NS 1.1.4 Continue to require subdivision perimeter walls to be constructed as solid block walls, continue to require dual pane glass windows as part of energy conservation measures, and continue to install air conditioners in all homes as ways to reduce environmental noise and to meet State noise requirements.

NS 1.2.6 Future projects approved within the City shall reflect adopted policies regarding the reduction of unnecessary noise near sensitive receptors such as parks, hospitals; libraries; schools and convalescent homes.

4.16.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures

3.5.3 Mitigation Measures
The following are specific mitigation that are incorporated into the 1994 General Plan that will lessen the significance of airport noise impacts to residents and business within the Adelanto Project Area.

NOI 3.5.3. 4 Continue to require subdivision perimeter walls to be constructed as solid block walls, continue to require dual pane glass windows as part of energy conservation measures, and continue to install air conditioners in all homes as ways to reduce environmental noise and to meet State noise requirements.

NOI 3.5.3.11 Future projects approved within the City shall reflect adopted policies regarding the reduction of unnecessary noise near sensitive receptors such as parks, hospitals; libraries; schools and convalescent homes.

NOI 3.5.3.25 Ensure through the plan approval process that recreational areas intended for noisy or active uses are buffered from passive use areas and from surrounding noise sensitive land uses.

NOI 3.5.3.29 Future projects approved within the City shall reflect adopted policies regarding the reduction of unnecessary noise near sensitive receptors such as parks, hospitals, libraries, schools and convalescent homes.

NOI 3.5.3.35 Specify that in Conditionally Acceptable areas applicants must submit an acoustical analysis of proposed residential developments prepared under the supervision of a person experienced in the field of acoustical engineering which evaluates existing and projected noise levels as well as the application of noise attenuation measures.

NOI 3.5.3.38 Grading and construction activities will be limited in project Conditions of Approval by the City to weekdays between 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. This requirement will be enforced especially when the construction site is adjacent to existing residential uses. 490

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4.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 185

4.16.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.16 (a) Noise Exposure in Excess of Established Standards; Temporary Increase in Ambient Noise Levels
Ambient Noise Levels
Future development within the Project Area would have the potential to increase ambient noise levels, because many areas of the City are undeveloped. The Adelanto North 2035 Plan EIR took noise surveys at 10 locations around the Project Area. For the proposed Land Use Element Update, 10 noise surveys were added that included measurements from recent environmental studies and four new measurements conducted in the areas not previously measured in the Project Area. The noise measurements are provided in Table 4.16-1 and the measurement locations in Figure 4.16-1.

Table 4.16-1
Project Area Ambient Noise Levels
Location Description
Average Noise Level
dBA (Leq)
#1 Racoon and Chamberlaine 40.3
#2 Adelanto Road and Pansy 67.3
#3 Poppy and Verbena (South General Plan Area) 62.9
#4 Seneca and Koala (South General Plan Area) 57.5
#5 Old Rancho Road & Adelanto Road 57.3
#6 Stadium Way & Adelanto Road 57.1
#7 11678 Rancho Road 61.0
#8 Chamberlaine and Adelanto 45.7
#9 Adelanto and Air Expressway 54.9
#10 Pearmain and Bartlett 61.6
#11 19315 El Mirage 58.3
#12 El Mirage and Jonathan 35.7
#13 18717 Arbor (Koala & Barcelona) 49.8
#14 Chamberlaine and Hermosa 62.2
#15 17717 Twister Cir (Air Expressway/Aster) 52.9
#16 Lawson and Verbena 42.8
#17 Rancho and Aster 71.0
#18 Bellflower and Yucca 60.0
#19 Jonathan and Lawson 59.7
#20 12210 Hibiscus 62.1
Areas 5 and 6 consist primarily of undeveloped and vacant land (except for the solar farm within Area 6) and generate minimal noise. Ambient noise levels in the Project area are generated by roadway traffic from the roadways in the area. As shown in Table 4.16-1, the ambient noise levels at Poppy Road and Verbena Road are 62.9 dBA leq, and at Seneca Road and Koala Road are 57.5 dBA leq.
491

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4.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 186 Figure 4.16-1
Ambient Noise Measurement Locations
492

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 187 The ambient noise measurements provide a baseline of existing ambient noise conditions. The proposed Land Use Element Update and implementing actions do not authorize any construction or other land-altering activity that could result in construction-related noise. Potential noise and increases in ambient levels due to future development and operational activities would be assessed in conjunction with the City’s routine review of site-specific noise studies and the recommended design and mitigation measures as required. This will occur in the project planning process, prior to project approval, for projects subject to review under CEQA, and this will provide an adequate mechanism to require special measures to mitigate potentially significant noise impacts for future projects.

Future Traffic Noise
The roadway noise impacts from vehicular traffic were projected using a computer program that replicates the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Traffic Noise Prediction Model- FHWA-RD77-108 (the “FHWA Model”). The FHWA Model arrives at a predicted noise level through a series of adjustments to the Reference Energy Mean Emission Level (REMEL). Adjustments are then made to the REMEL to account for: the roadway classification (e.g., collector, secondary, major or arterial), the roadway active width (i.e., the distance between the center of the outermost travel lanes on each side of the roadway), the total average daily traffic (ADT), the travel speed, the percentages of automobiles, medium trucks, and heavy trucks in the traffic volume, the roadway grade, the angle of view (e.g., whether the roadway view is blocked), the site conditions (“hard” or “soft” relates to the absorption of the ground, pavement, or landscaping), and the percentage of total ADT which flows each hour throughout a 24-hour period.

The Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) is the 24-hour A-weighted average for sound, with corrections for evening and nighttime hours. The corrections require an addition of 5 decibels to sound levels in the evening hours between 7:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. and an addition of 10 decibels to sound levels at nighttime hours between 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. These additions are made to account for the increased sensitivity during the evening and nighttime hours when sound appears louder.

Figure 4.16.2, Area 5 Traffic Noise Contours, and 4.16.3, Area 6 Traffic Noise Contours, show the ambient traffic noise levels for area roadways.

A vehicle’s noise level is a combination of the noise produced by the engine, exhaust, and tires. The cumulative traffic noise levels along a roadway segment are based on three primary factors: the amount of traffic, the travel speed of the traffic, and the vehicle mix ratio or number of medium and heavy trucks. The intensity of traffic noise is increased by higher traffic volumes, greater speeds, and increased number of trucks.
493

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4.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 188 Figure 4.16.2
Area 5 Future Traffic Noise Contours
494

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 189 Figure 4.16.3
Area 6 Future Traffic Noise Contours
495

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 190 Because mobile/traffic noise levels are calculated on a logarithmic scale, a doubling of the traffic noise or acoustical energy results in a noise level increase of 3 dBA. Therefore, the doubling of the traffic volume, without changing the vehicle speeds or mix ratio, results in a noise increase of 3 dBA.

Mobile noise levels radiate in an almost oblique fashion from the source and drop off at a rate of 3 dBA for each doubling of distance under hard site conditions and at a rate of 4.5 dBA for soft site conditions. Hard site conditions consist of concrete, asphalt, and hard pack dirt, while soft site conditions exist in areas having slight grade changes, landscaped areas, and vegetation. On the other hand, fixed/point sources radiate outward uniformly as sound travels away from the source. Their sound levels attenuate or drop off at a rate of 6 dBA for each doubling of distance.

Table 4.16-2
Increase in Average Daily Trips and Increase in Noise Levels Land Use
Dwelling
Units per
Acre Acres
Number of
Housing
Units
Trip
Generation
Rate
Total Average
Daily Trips
Single Family Residential (R-1) 4 1,566 6,264 9.44 59,132 Single Family Residential (RS-5) 5 1,566 7,830 9.44 73,915 Increase +14,783
Percentage Increase 25%
As shown in Table 14.16-2 above, the Project would increase vehicle trips by 14,783 average daily trips, or 25%. According to Caltrans, the human ear can begin to detect sound level increases of 3 decibels (dB) in typical noisy environments. 28 A doubling of sound energy (e.g., doubling the volume of traffic on a highway) that would result in a 3-dBA increase in sound would generally be barely detectable. Because the Project does not result in a doubling (100%) of average daily trips, impacts are less than significant.

Short-term Construction Noise Impact Analysis
The most significant source of short-term noise impact resulting from the Project is related to noise generated during construction activities on the Project site. Construction is performed in discrete steps, each of which has its own mix of equipment and consequently its own noise characteristics.

Thus, noise levels will fluctuate depending upon construction phase, equipment type, duration of equipment use, distance between the noise source and receptor, and the presence or absence of noise attenuation structures. As shown on Table 4.16-3, Typical Construction Equipment Noise levels, below, noise levels generated by heavy construction equipment can range from approximately 75 dBA to 99 dBA when measured at 50 feet. 28 Caltrans, Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol, April 2020, p. 7-1. 496

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4.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 191 Table 4.16-3
Typical Construction Equipment Noise Levels
Type of Equipment
Range of Sound Levels Measured
(dBA at 50 feet)
Pile Driver 81 to 96
Rock Drills 83 to 99
Jack Hammers 75 to 85
Pneumatic Tools 78 to 88
Pumps 68 to 80
Dozers 85 to 90
Tractors 77 to 82
Front-End Loaders 86 to 90
Graders 79 to 89
Air Compressors 76 to 86
Trucks 81 to 87
Source: “Noise Control for Buildings and Manufacturing Plants”, Bolt, Beranek & Newman, 1987.

Construction noise will have a temporary or periodic increase in the estimated 51 dBA ambient noise level above the existing within the Project vicinity. Typical operating cycles for these types of construction equipment may involve 1 or 2 minutes of full power operation followed by three to four minutes at lower power settings. Noise levels will be loudest during the grading phase from the use of a bulldozer, which at 50 feet, ranges from 85 to 90 dBA. For every doubling of distance, the sound level reduces by 6 dBA. Noise generation related to construction activities is addressed in §17.90.020(d) of the Zoning Ordinance which requires construction projects to list general noise reduction practices as “General Notes” on the construction drawings as part of the Project’s conditions of approval (COA). These mandatory conditions are described as follows.

17.90.020 (d) Construction Practices
To reduce potential noise and air quality nuisances, the following items shall be listed as “General Notes” on the construction drawings:
(1) Construction activity and equipment maintenance is limited to the hours between 7:00 a.m. to dusk on weekdays. Construction may not occur on weekends or State holidays, without prior consent of the Building Official. Non-noise generating activities (e.g., interior painting) are not subject to these restrictions. City and State construction projects, such as road re-building or resurfacing, and any construction activity that is in response to an emergency, shall be exempt from this requirement. (2) Stationary construction equipment that generates noise in excess of sixty-five (65) dBA at the project boundaries must be acoustically shielded and located at least one hundred feet (100') from occupied residences. The equipment area with appropriate acoustic shielding shall be designated on building and grading plans. Equipment and shielding shall remain in the designated location throughout construction activities. (3) Construction routes are limited to City of Adelanto designated truck routes. 497

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4.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 192 (4) Water trucks or sprinkler systems shall be used during clearing, grading, earth moving, excavation, or transportation of cut or fill materials to prevent dust from leaving the site and to create a crust after each day's activities cease. At a minimum, this would include wetting down such areas in the later morning and after work is completed for the day and whenever wind exceeds fifteen (15) miles per hour.
(5) A person or persons shall be designated to monitor the dust control program and to order increased watering as necessary to prevent transport of dust off-site. The name and telephone number of such person(s) shall be provided to the City. (6) All grading equipment shall be kept in good working order per factory specifications.

With implementation of the above standard conditions of approval, construction noise impacts would be less than significant.

Operational Noise Analysis
Sound levels generated by single-family residential activities are:
 Normal conversation, air conditioner= 60 dBA
 Gas-powered lawnmowers and leaf blowers = 80-85 dBA
 Motorcycle = 95 dBA
 Very loud radio, stereo, or television =105–110 dBA
 Shouting or barking in the ear = 110 dBA29
The USEPA identifies noise levels affecting health and welfare as exposure levels over 70 dBA over a 24-hour period. Noise levels for various levels are identified according to the use of the area. Levels of 45 dB are associated with indoor residential areas, hospitals, and schools, whereas 55 dBA is identified for outdoor areas where typical residential human activity takes place. According to the USEPA levels of 55 dB outdoors and 45 dB indoors are identified as levels of noise considered to permit spoken conversation and other activities such as sleeping, working, and recreation, which are part of the daily human condition.30 Levels exceeding 55 dB in a residential setting are normally short in duration and not significant in affecting health and welfare of residents.

Conclusion
Through compliance with mandatory requirements to reduce noise during construction, the Project’s construction noise impacts will not result in the generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project. In addition, as shown above, the Project’s operational noise would not be significant either. 29 Center for Disease Control, “Loud Noised Can Cause Hearing Loss”. https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/hearing_loss/default.html, accessed on June 18, 2022.
30 USEPA “EPA Identifies Noise Levels Affecting Health and Welfare” https://archive.epa.gov/epa/aboutepa/epa-identifies-noiselevels-affecting-health-and-welfare.htmlaccessed June 11, 2022. 498

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 193 As indicated in the noise contour maps, impacts along the roadway segments in the areas proposed for change under the South General Plan Land Use Element Update will not result in new significant noise impacts not analyzed under the 1994 General Plan FEIR.

4.16 (b) Exposure or Generation of Excessive Ground borne Vibration Future development under the South General Plan Land Use Element Update could generate substantial noise and vibration near construction sites, and if sensitive receptors or land uses are adjacent to these sites, there could be significant impacts from noise or vibration. Construction activities can produce vibration that may be felt by adjacent land uses. As long as construction of a particular development did not require the use of equipment, such as pile drivers, known to generate substantial construction vibration levels, the primary source of vibration during construction would likely be from bulldozer operation. A small bulldozer has a vibration impact of

The proposed South General Plan Land Use Element Update and implementing actions do not authorize any construction or other land altering activity that could result in construction-related vibration. Potential vibration due to future construction activities would be assessed in conjunction with the City’s routine review of site-specific geotechnical studies and the recommended grading and foundation design measures. This will occur in the project planning process, prior to project approval, for projects subject to review under CEQA, and this will provide an adequate mechanism to require special measures to mitigate potentially significant vibration impacts of the Adelanto 1994 General Plan Update. Impacts resulting from construction-generated ground borne vibration and noise would be less than significant.

4.16 (c) Exposure to Excessive Public & Private Airport Noise Levels The nearest public airport from the Project Area is the Southern California Logistics Airport (SCLA) approximately 5 to 6 miles to the northeast. According to the Southern California Logistics Airport Comprehensive Airport Land Use Plan (Figure 2H, Existing Noise Contours, and Figure 2I, Long Range Noise Contours), the Project Area is not located in an area impacted by aircraft noise. The Adelanto Airport, a private use airport, is located within 2 miles west of the Project and has no identified noise impact areas, because flight activity consists of a low volume of small aircraft. Therefore, the Project would not exacerbate an existing condition that exposes people residing or working in the Project Area to excessive noise levels.

4.16.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to noise will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts than previously identified in the 1994 General Plan FEIR, and no new mitigation measures are required.
499

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4.16 Noise
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 194

4.16.7 Conclusion
Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the 1994 General Plan FEIR, implementation of the proposed Land Use changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts related to noise that were not identified in the 1994 South General Plan FEIR. 500

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4.17 Population and Housing
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 195

4.17 Population and Housing
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing
elsewhere?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.17.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Final EIR Conclusions The 1994 General Plan Update projected a population of 52,000 in 2014 and 156,189 at buildout.

The 1994 General Plan Final EIR found that the projected levels of population are less than significant with implementation of General Plan policies and mitigation measures. It should be noted that according to the California Department of Finance, the actual population in 2014 was 31,000; and according to SCAG, the projected population in 2045 is forecast to be 66,00031.

4.17.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

4.17.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Policies
Please refer to the Policies listed under Air Quality, Hydrology and Water Quality, Biological Resources, Noise, Cultural Resources, Transportation, Public Services, and Utilities and Service Systems sections of this Addendum document.

4.17.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures Please refer to the Mitigation Measures listed under Air Quality, Hydrology and Water Quality, Biological Resources, Noise, Cultural Resources, Transportation, Public Services, and Utilities and Service Systems sections of this Addendum document.
31 SCAG Connect SoCal, Demographics and Growth Forecast Technical Report, September 3, 2020, https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file-attachments/0903fconnectsocal_demographics-and-growth-forecast.pdf?1606001579 501

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4.17 Population and Housing
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 196

4.17.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.17 (a) Substantial Population Growth
The Project proposes to amend the General Plan Land Use and Zoning Map dated March 22, 2022.

The proposed Adelanto South General Plan Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new development. However, by allowing an increase in density for future development from 4 dwelling units to 5 dwelling units per acre, the population in Areas 5 and 6 would increase from 24,116 to 30, 145, which is a 25% increase. The 1994 General Plan Update projected the citywide population at buildout would be 124,088, and impacts would be less than significant with implementation of General Plan policies and mitigation measures. Based on the current population of 36,569, in terms of population carrying capacity, an additional population increase of 87, 519 can be accommodated. Although the 1994 General Plan Update assumed a population of 124,088, according to SCAG, the projected population in 2045 is forecast to be 66,000.

Therefore, the increase of 6,029 is well within the remaining population carrying capacity analyzed in the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR.

A variety of economic factors will continue to drive the production if the Land Use Element Update does not establish the rate of growth in Adelanto. Rather, the Land Use Element Update identifies locations and densities/intensities for the full range of land uses to accommodate long-term anticipated growth. The actual rates of growth pursuant to land use policy will be driven by forces largely beyond the City’s control. The Land Use Element Update will, however, accommodate new development and growth in areas currently either undeveloped or underdeveloped.

4.17 (b) Displace Existing Housing or Substantial Numbers of People There is no housing located within Areas 5 and 6; therefore, there would be no displacement of existing housing or people.

4.17.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to population and housing resources with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

4.17.7 Conclusion
The proposed South General Plan Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new residential development. The proposed changes would not substantially affect population or housing growth. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning population and housing has been discovered since the 1994 General Plan FEIR certification.Thus, Project implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning population and housing than anticipated in the 1994 General Plan FEIR, and no mitigation is required.
502

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4.18 Public Services
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 197

4.18 Public Services
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable
service ratios, response times or other performance
objectives for any of the public services:
i) Fire protection? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
ii) Police protection? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
iii) Schools? ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐
iv) Parks? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
v) Other public facilities? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.18.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Final EIR Conclusions The 1994 General Plan EIR concluded that the increase in urban development allowed by the implementation of land use policies, will result in an increase in population that will require additional public services. The expansion, relocation, or construction of new facilities may result in significant impacts to the environment.

4.18.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
According to the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR (p. 95) “Funding and facilities will be necessary to reduce the impact to schools and solid waste facilities to a level of insignificance. These services and facilities are dependent on the actions of the County of San Bernardino and the School Districts, and may include, but are not limited to, new elementary, junior high and high schools and new landfills and/or landfill capacity. Without sufficient funding, schools will be significantly impacted. Without additional landfill capacity or new landfills, solid waste will be significantly impacted.”

4.18.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Policies
No applicable General Plan Policies are identified in the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR. 503

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4.18 Public Services
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 198

4.18.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures

3.14.3 Mitigation Measures
Fire Protection

3.14.3.1 The City shall evaluate and update annually its emergency preparedness plan to ensure that emergency shelters and evacuation routes are accessible to the residents of the city.

3.14.3.2 The City will assist in the provision of the police protection, requiring onsite security and defensible space, and other measures to be incorporated into new development.

3.14.3.4 The City will require new development to incorporate sprinkler systems and smoke detectors, as appropriate and required by applicable codes.

Police Protection

3.14.3.1 The City will require improved lighting in existing and potential crime problem areas.

4.18.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.18 (a.i) Fire Protection
Ensuring that fire protection and emergency services are adequate in serving the community as it grows over the long-term can be achieved through the construction of new fire stations and purchase of new equipment with a corresponding increase in fire and emergency service personnel.

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.18 Public Services
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 199 related to fire and emergency service facilities expansion or new construction, as mandated by CEQA and implemented by the City through its local environmental review procedures. Impacts related to the expansion and new construction of fire protection and emergency service facilities will be less than significant with implementation of General Plan policies and environmental review standards.

4.18 (a.ii) Police Protection
The General Plan Safety Element requires review of development proposals by the Police Department to ensure that all appropriate construction safety measures are incorporated into all new development and to determine the possible impacts of each development on emergency services. Collection of DIF will offset the direct, cumulative, incremental, and indirect impacts of development on public facilities and services as growth is accommodated in the city guided by General Plan and Comprehensive Sustainable Plan policies.

If a police protection facility is to be expanded or constructed, the police facility will undergo a development review process and will be subject to environmental review pursuant to CEQA.

Environmental review will identify site specific conditions and physical changes resulting from police station expansion and construction of new fire stations. Typical impacts will likely include short-term construction activities related to air quality pollutant emissions, temporary traffic detours, and equipment noise. Mitigation will be identified, as necessary, to reduce impacts related to police service facilities expansion or new construction, as mandated by CEQA and implemented by the City through its local environmental review procedures. Impacts related to the expansion and new construction of police protection facilities will b e less than significant with implementation of General Plan policies and environmental review standards.

4.18 (a-iii) Schools
Adelanto is served by two school districts: Adelanto Elementary School District, which provides elementary and middle School services throughout the City, and the Victor Valley Union High School District, which operates Adelanto High School.

Table 4.18-1, Approved vs. Proposed Project Buildout Student Generation, summarizesthe estimated impacts and comparison between the approved 1994 General Plan Update and the proposed Adelanto South General Plan.

Table 4.18-1
Approved vs. Proposed Project Buildout Student Generation Dwelling Units School Level
Student Generation
Factor (1) (2) Number of Students
Current Land Use: R-1
6,240 du
Elementary School 0.3366 2,100
Junior High School 0.1041 650
High School 0.1439 898
Subtotal 3,648
505

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.18 Public Services
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 200 Dwelling Units School Level
Student Generation
Factor (1) (2) Number of Students
Propose Land Use: RS-5:
7,830 du
Elementary School 0.3366 2,636
Junior High School 0.1041 815
High School 0.1439 1,127
Subtotal 4,578
Difference +930
Percent Change 25%
Notes:
1) Elementary and Junior High School generation rates are based upon the Adelanto Elementary School District, School Facilities Justification Report, June 29, 2021.
2) High School student rate is based upon the Victor Valley Union High School District, Residential and Commercial/Industrial Development School Fee Justification Report, April 21, 2020.

As indicated in Table 4.18-1, the proposed Project implementation is estimated to increase the total number of students living in the area by 25%.

4.18 (a.iv) Parks
The City of Adelanto requires dedication of land, payment of fees in-lieu of parkland dedication, or a combination thereof at a rate of 3 acres of parkland per 1,000 residents for proposed residential subdivisions, pursuant to Adelanto Municipal Code Chapter 16.52. Payment of the in-lieu fee would ensure that the Project will not result in a significant impact with respect to parkland.

Impacts related to the physical impacts associated with use of existing recreation facilities is addressed in Section 4.19 (Recreation). Over the long-term, as the City acquires and develops parkland, localized environmental impacts are likely to occur depending on the conditions and location of the sites involved. Identification and mitigation of potentially significant impacts would occur as part of the City’s routine planning and design process for development projects, including proposals for development of parkland. Impacts will be less than significant.

4.18 (a.v) Impacts to Other Public Facilities
Long-term growth in the Project Area will require incremental expansion of other public facilities, such as libraries and hospitals, to meet the needs of the community. Any new or expanded public 506

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.18 Public Services
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 201 facilities will be subject to environmental review pursuant to CEQA to identify any potentially significant environmental impacts and, if necessary, identify appropriate mitigation. Typical impacts will likely include short-term construction activities related to air quality pollutant emissions, temporary traffic detours, changes in traffic distribution, and noise. Impacts related to the expansion or construction of other public facilities will be less than significant with implementation of existing regulations.

4.18.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to public services will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

4.18.7 Conclusion
Development in the City has the potential to impact public services. Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the 1994 General Plan FEIR, implementation of the Project would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts related to public services that were not identified in the 1994 General Plan FEIR.

The General Plan and related implementing actions established goals and policies for future development throughout the Project Area. The Adelanto South General Plan Land Use Element Update does not authorize any site-specific land altering activities or any particular development project, infrastructure improvement, or community facility and thus will have no direct impact on current public services. Future development projects will be constructed in light of the policies of the General Plan, adopted General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures, and policies. 507

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.19 Recreation
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 202

4.19 Recreation
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.19.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Final EIR Conclusions Implementation of land use policies will stimulate the need for additional parks within the planning area. Parks of all scales will be needed, including neighborhood, and community regional parks.

Regardless, with a projected population of nearly 156,000 residents at buildout, the City will need to accommodate approximately 465 acres of active parks within the planning area, based on the 3 acres per 1,000 formula.32

4.19.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

4.19.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Policies
Chapter Six: Parks and Recreation Element
REC 1.4 The City will not permit the payment of in-lieu fees for developments of 50. lots or more, unless the Planning Commission finds there are no suitable lands available for park land dedication.

REC 1.5 The City should, when feasible, require developers to contribute land and develop on that land multi-purposes playing fields or recreational facilities.

4.19.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures LU 3.7.3.47 All residential developments, as necessary, will include the dedication of parklands as required by the Quimby Act and/or provide fees in lieu of b allocated to the City for park acquisition.
32 City of Adelanto, General Plan Update, May 1994, Chapter Six, Section III A. 508

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.19 Recreation
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 203

4.19.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.19 (a) Impacts to Existing Parks and Recreational Facilities Adelanto parks accommodate both active and passive recreational activities. Active park spaces include sports fields, game courts, playgrounds, and motocross parks. Passive parks may consist of green space with walking paths, sitting and picnic areas, and natural, undeveloped areas. Adelanto parks range in size from small mini parks to neighborhood parks. The City currently maintains and operates four public park facilities totaling over 30 acres.

The Proposed Project would not result in direct deterioration to recreational facilities because it does not authorize any specific development project or other kind of land altering activity that could increase the use of existing recreational facilities.

Long-term increases in the residential population allowed by the Project will result in the increased use of existing parks and recreation facilities. Substantial deterioration of existing facilities could occur if the level of usage intensifies significantly, and the maintenance of affected facilities does not keep pace with intensified use and additional park facilities are not provided to meet existing and the increased demand.

4.19 (b) Impacts to Construction or Expansion of Recreational Facilities The Project guides growth and development within the City and is not a development project, therefore it does not include or require the construction of recreational facilities that would result in any environmental impacts. However, development pursuant to the Project would result in the construction of new or expansion of existing recreational facilities in the City. Development and operation of new recreational facilities may have an adverse physical effect on the environment, including impacts relating to air quality, biological resources, lighting, noise, and traffic. However, it is speculative to determine the location of proposed park facilities in the City and impacts arising from development of individual park projects.

Goals, policies, and actions in the existing 1994 General Plan, along with existing federal, state, and local regulations, would mitigate potential adverse impacts to the environment that may result from the expansion of parks, recreational facilities, and trails pursuant to the proposed Project. The Project does not specifically identify any location for the creation of new parks. Potential 509

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.19 Recreation
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 204 construction-related impacts of park and recreational facilities are typical of other development projects that include pollutant emissions from site preparation and grading activities and temporary traffic increases due to construction, hauling, and vendor trips. Impacts related to the construction of parks and recreational facilities will be assessed when proposed as part of future residential development projects or independently by the City as required by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the City’s standard environmental review procedures. Construction mitigation will be identified, if necessary, to reduce, minimize, and/or avoid potential impacts to the environment. Long-term construction-related impacts of parks and recreational facilities will be less than significant with implementation of existing standards and regulations.

4.19.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to recreation resources with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

4.19.7 Conclusion
The proposed Project plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new development.

Therefore, the proposed changes would not affect parks or recreational uses. In addition, no new information of substantial importance concerning recreation has been discovered since the 1994 General Plan FEIR certification. Thus, Project implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning recreation than anticipated in the 1994 General Plan FEIR, and no mitigation is required.
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4.20 Transportation
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 205

4.20 Transportation
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Conflict with a program, plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines §15064.3, subdivision (b)? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Result in inadequate emergency access? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.20.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Final EIR Conclusions Changes to California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines were adopted in December 2018 that require all lead agencies to adopt Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) as a replacement for automobile delay-based level of service (LOS) as the new measure for identifying transportation impacts for land use projects. This statewide mandate took effect July 1, 2020. Impacts related to LOS will be evaluated through the City’s development review process apart from CEQA. The findings of the 1994 General Plan FEIR still relevant to CEQA are that alternative transportation modes that exist within the City are limited due to the low population level.

4.20.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
None.

4.20.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Policies
The following policies form the Open Space and Conservation Element will help in reducing VMT.

OS 7.1 Minimize vehicle emissions by reducing automobile use and encouraging alternative means of transportation, including transit, walking, and biking.

3.2.3.3 Require new development to incorporate design features which facilitate transit service and encourage transit ridership such as bus pull-out areas, covered bus stop facilities, efficient trail system through projects to transit stops, designation of special on-site parking spaces beyond base requirements for commuter park-n-ride purposes, 511

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.20 Transportation
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 206 and incorporation of pedestrian walkways that pass-through subdivision boundary walls.

4.20.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures related to Air Quality will help to reduce VMT.

3.2.3.11 Require circulation improvements prior to, or concurrent with development.

3.2.3.13 Require specific plans and other mixed-use projects to provide an internal system of trails linking schools, shopping centers, transit and other public facilities with residential areas.

3.2.3.17 Require new residential subdivisions over 160 acres to include supportive commercial uses, including retail uses and services, that are conveniently accessible to pedestrians and bicyclists.

4.20.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.20 (a) Conflict with a plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities
Public transportation services within the City of Adelanto and near the proposed Project Area is provided by the Victor Valley Transit Authority (VVTA). The Project is not proposing any improvements that would conflict with any existing routes or any future transit route in the area.

In October 2020, the City adopted the Adelanto Active Transportation Plan. Adelanto in Motion, An Active Transportation Plan (“Plan”), which represents a new commitment to walking and biking in Adelanto. Future development would be required to construct streets that meet City standards that provides sidewalks and pavement that would accommodate bicycle travel.

Based on the preceding analysis, the South General Plan Land Use Element Update would not conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities.

4.20 (b) Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3, subdivision (b) The City of Adelanto City Council adopted Resolution No. 20-41 on June 24, 2020, which approved VMT thresholds for CEQA compliance purposes. A project is considered to have a less than significant impact related to VMT if it is located in a low VMT generating traffic analysis zone (TAZ).

The San Bernardino County Transportation Authority’s (SBCTA) VMT screening tool evaluates project sites potentially located within a “low VMT generating area.” These are areas in the which 512

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.20 Transportation
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 207 the existing land uses (or the projected land uses) generate low levels of VMT due to the characteristic of the land uses in the area or due to the area’s geographic location near other areas with a mix of land uses, so people need not drive far for work, shopping, or school. The tool identifies the average VMT for the land uses in each of the SBCTA model’s traffic analysis zones (TAZ’s) by horizon year. The average VMT metric for a TAZ is compared against the County’s average VMT threshold of 32.7 VMT / service population as adopted by the City of Adelanto. If the land uses in the TAZ in which the proposed project is located generates VMT less than the threshold, the Project is in a low VMT generating area. The Project may then be presumed to have a less-than significant impact on VMT as long as the Project’s land use is consistent with the existing and/or planned land use within the TAZ that was found to generate low levels of VMT. If the project land use is substantially different than the land use assumed in the SBCTA model, then the project cannot be presumed to have the same low VMT characteristics.

Pursuant to CEQA and implementation of the VMT Guidelines, individual future development projects will be assessed to determine if VMT thresholds are exceeded. Such analyses will include project-specific mitigation measures, as appropriate

4.20 (c & d) Design Hazards & Emergency Access
Buildout of the proposed South General Plan Land Use Element Update could result in some changes to the City’s circulation network, but would not increase hazards or impact emergency access due to design features. All future roadway system improvements associated with development and redevelopment activates under the General Plan would be designed in accordance with the established roadway design standards, some of which have also been incorporated into the Circulation Element of the General Plan.

The Circulation Elementincludes policiesthatrequiresthe City to complywith federal,state, and local design and safety standards when designing roadways and on-street and off-street pedestrian and bicycle pathways. Impacts to the circulation system and to emergency access as a result of implementation of the General Planwould be less than significant.

4.20.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to transportation will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

4.20.7 Conclusion
Development in the City has the potential to impact transportation and circulation. Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the 1994 General Plan FEIR, implementation of the Adelanto South General Plan Land Use Element Update changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts relate to transportation that were not identified in the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR. 513

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.20 Transportation
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 208 The 1994 General Plan contains polices to result in the reduction of throughout the Project Area.

The General Plan did not authorize any site-specific land altering activities or any particular development project, infrastructure improvement, or community facility and thus will have no direct impact on current transportation. Future development projects will be constructed in light of the policies of the General Plan, adopted General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures, and policies.

The proposed land use changes are to restore land use designation and zoning to the pre- Adelanto North 2035 General Plan conditions. as such there will be no changes that would increase impacts on transportation that were not considered in the 1994 General Plan FEIR. 514

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.21 Tribal Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 209

4.21 Tribal Cultural Resources
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code Section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
i) Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code Section
5020.1(k)? Or
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
ii) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its
discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1? In applying
the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native
American Tribe
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.21.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Final EIR Conclusions The CEQA section for Tribal Cultural Resources was not implemented and added to the CEQA environmental review until 2016 as a result of AB-52 Native Americans: California Environmental Quality Act. Since the 1994 General Plan FEIR certification, CEQA Guidelines Appendix G has been revised to include new Tribal Cultural Resources thresholds. Public Resources Code §21080.3.1 requires a lead agency to consult with any California Native American tribe that requests consultation and is traditionally and culturally affiliated with the geographic area of the proposed project prior to the release of a negative declaration, mitigated negative declaration, or EIR. As the FEIR was certified prior to 2016 the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR did not analyze impacts or effects the Plan would have on Tribal Cultural Resources.

Materials of historic and prehistoric nature have been located within the Plaining Area, particularly in the vicinity of the Mojave River. The preservation of these resources is important to understanding the history of Native Americans, as well as mankind in North America. These resources must be preserved to the greatest extent possible while allowing reasonable development to occur within the Planning Area.
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4.21 Tribal Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 210

3.12.3 Mitigation Measures
The past discovery of Indian artifacts and the potential presence in the Project Area of unknown artifacts and buildings which may have historical importance contribute to the City’s recognition of the importance of preserving cultural and historical resources as reflected in the policies and programs contained in the General Plan.

1. The City will require that all archeological resources, historic or prehistoric be evaluated in accordance with CEQA regulations and appropriate California guidelines prior to the adoption of mitigation measures and the acceptance of conditions of approval and required permit approvals.

2. The City will place developers responsible for the destruction of historic and archaeologically significant resources on file with the County of San Bernardino and the State of California, Office of Historic Preservation.

3. As part of the City's land development review process and project environmental assessment, City staff will review proposed developments for sites that may have potential archaeological significance. If determined necessary by the City, an archeological survey will be performed by a licensed archaeologist and appropriate site specific mitigation measures shall be implemented, including possible extraction and cataloging of significant resources.

4. To preserve any known or undiscovered archaeological sites and/or artifacts which may be present within the Planning Area.

5. To assure that proposed development policies will not eliminate any significant archaeologic or historic resources.

6. To provide a mechanism for the identification and preservation of archaeologic or historic resources within the Planning Area.

7. To provide to the extent feasible cultural facilities (libraries, museums, historic sites, etc.) within the Planning Area to meet the needs of new and current residents of Adelanto.

8. The City will encourage the addition of new cultural facilities i.e., theaters etc., to meet the needs of ever growing community.

9. The City, will encourage new development to provide cultural amenities that will satisfy the demand for new residents.

10. The City will coordinate efforts with the Adelanto School District and the San Bernardino County Public Library in providing new library facilities within the Planning Area.

4.21.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts identified in the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR. 516

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.21 Tribal Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 211

4.21.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Policies
Chapter Seven: Conservation/Open Space Element
CUL 1.3 The City will place developers responsible for the destruction of historic and archaeologically significant resources on file with the County of San Bernardino and the State of California, Office of Historic Preservation.

CUL 1.4 The City will require that all archeological resources, historic or prehistoric be evaluated in accordance with CEQA regulations and appropriate California guidelines prior to the adoption of mitigation measures and the acceptance of conditions of approval and required permit approvals.

CUL 1.2.2 The City will ·coordinate efforts with the Adelanto School District and the San Bernardino County Public Library in providing new library facilities within the Planning Area. As part of the City's land development review process and project environmental assessment, City staff will review proposed developments for sites that may have potential archaeological significance. If determined necessary by the City, an archeological survey will be performed· by a licensed archaeologist and appropriate site specific mitigation measures shall be implemented, including possible extraction and cataloging or significant resources.

4.21.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures As the Adelanto North 2035 Plan FEIR did not analyze impacts or effects the Plan would have on Tribal Cultural Resources no Mitigation Measures were identified.

4.21.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.21 (a) Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historicalresources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k) Long-term development and redevelopment, including grading, of sensitive areas could impact archaeological and Tribal Cultural resources. Thus, there is a potential to uncover archaeological resources within the City during development activities.

Implementation of the existing General Plan Policies included as part of the North GP provides protection and preservation of Historical Resources and impacts of the North Land Use Element Update are less than significant.
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4.21 Tribal Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 212

3.21 (b) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantialevidence,to be significant pursuantto criteria setforth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources CodeSection 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe
Sacred Lands File Search
A Sacred Lands File request was sent by CRM TECH to the State of California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) for a records search on February 14, 2022. The NAHC is the State of California’s trustee agency for the protection of “tribal cultural resources,” as defined by California Public Resources Code §21074, and is tasked with identifying and cataloging properties of Native American cultural value, including places of special religious, spiritual, or social significance and known graves and cemeteries throughout the state. In response to CRM TECH’s inquiry, the Native American Heritage Commission states in a letter dated March 30, 2022, that the Sacred Lands File yielded negative results for Native American cultural resources in the vicinity of the project area.

Assembly Bill (AB) 52
The provisions in the Public Resources Code related to tribal cultural resources created a process for consultation with California Native American Tribes during the CEQA process. Tribal Governments can request consultation with a lead agency and give input into potential impacts to tribal cultural resources before the agency decides what kind of environmental assessment is appropriate for a proposed project.

The land within the City has the potential to yield archaeological or tribal cultural resources from past Native American activities. State regulations requires consultation with local Native American tribal groups under both SB 18 and AB 52. Implementation of the existing Adelanto North 2035 Plan Policies along with Tribal Consultation provides protection and preservation of Archaeological Resources and impacts of the North Land Use Element Update are less than significant.

4.21.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
None required.

4.21.7 Conclusion
The proposed North General Plan Land Use Element Update plans for but does not directly propose the construction of new development. No new information of substantial importance concerning Tribal Cultural Resources has been discovered since the North 2035 GP FEIR certification. Thus, Project implementation would not result in new or substantially more severe environmental impacts concerning Tribal Cultural Resources.

During future development Tribal cultural resources, as defined in Public Resources Code §21074, may be inadvertently uncovered during ground disturbing activities associated with development 518

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.21 Tribal Cultural Resources
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 213 under the proposed North Land Use Element Update. Damage or destruction of such tribal cultural resources would be a potentially significant impact. However, with the implementation of Native American consultation, impacts would be reduced to less than significant. 519

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 214

4.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment or storm water
drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during
normal, dry, and multiple years?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider, which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project's projected demand in addition to the provider's existing commitments?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Generate solid waste more than State or local standards, or more than the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
e) Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.22.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Final EIR Conclusions With the exception of the unavoidable adverse impacts identified for landfill capacity and water supply, all utility and service system impacts are less than significant.

4.22.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
Public Services 3.14.4 – Funding and facilities will be necessary to reduce the impact to schools and solid waste facilities to a level of insignificance. These services and facilities are dependent on the actions of the County of San Bernardino and the School Districts, and may include, but are not limited to, new elementary, junior high and high schools and new landfills and/or landfill capacity.

Without sufficient funding, schools will be significantly impacted. Without additional landfill capacity or new landfills, solid waste will be significantly impacted.

Utilities 3.15.4 – Without additional water resources the City will only be able to implement the equivalent population of approximately 25,000 persons. The water basin is already in a state of overdraft and any additional pumping from the groundwater basin will cause significant unavoidable adverse impacts which cannot be reduced to a level of insignificance by the mitigation measures proposed.
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4.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 215

4.22.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Policies
Chapter Ten: Public Facilities
Water Policies
Since State, regional and local water authorities are jointly responsible for developing basin wide water management plans for provision of potable water supplies, the following policies shall be utilized.
• Coordination with all local agencies providing water service and protection to achieve effective local and regional planning.
• Promote cooperation and sharing of information.
• Assist in the development and implementation of regional water resource management plans and the incorporation of individual district plans.

Sewer Policies
Since sewerage systems are the preferred method of wastewater collection, and whenever mandated by the Regional Water Quality Control Board or County Department of Environmental Health Services, dry sewers (standard sewer lines to be used for future connection to the sewer system) or appropriate financial arrangements shall be provided per the requirements of the City when the following conditions exist:
• The proposed project lies within 600 feet of a sewer line to be constructed within 10 (ten) years per the City's approved Master Plan.
• The RWQCB requires dry sewers as a condition of the waste discharge permit. • Require an updated sewerage system as development occurs within the City. Since sewer systems are the preferred method of wastewater collection, connection to the sewer system shall be required for any proposed development or subdivision of land that exceeds the minimum requirements of the RWQCB. Exceptions may be approved subject to review by the Regional Water Quality Control Board for Package Wastewater Treatment Plants, individual onsite and multiple owner septic systems, holding tanks, and experimental systems.

4.22.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures

3.15.3 Water

3.15.3.11. Because the development approval process may be dependent upon the location and size of water distribution facilities and the timing of their use, the City shall:

Study the effect of development proposals and whether or not they should include the phased construction of water production and distribution systems: hydrologic studies may be required as appropriate.
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4.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 216

3.15.3.13 Require low-volume flush toilets and low-flow plumbing fixtures as conditions of approval for all new development pursuant to the Uniform Plumbing Code and State requirements.

3.15.3.14 Develop and require landscape and irrigation plans which use water conserving irrigation systems and landscape design utilizing the following features:
 Minimize the use of water through the use of automatic raki sensors, giving attention to weather conditions (wind) and other water-use minimizing techniques.
 Incorporate low-output sprinkler heads and drip irrigation systems. Minimize runoff and evaporation.
 Maximize the use of drought-tolerant or low-water-use plants.  Use mulch and topsoil to improve the water holding capacity of the soil.

3.15.13.15. Fire Flow requirements are a very important aspect for the protection of life and property within the City. The city shall coordinate its water improvements and developments with the Fire Department to assure that the Fire Department's minimum standards are met.

Mitigation Measures Added By Lead Agency
To further mitigate the impact on water resources the City acting as Lead Agency will adopt a Water Conservation Ordinance during this Fiscal Year that will require water efficient plumbing fixtures in structures as follows:
• Since water resources are limited, and the use of reclaimed wastewater and other nonpotable water will play an important part in conserving water supplies, the City shall encourage the local wastewater/sewering authority to:

1. Require water reclamation systems and the use of reclaimed wastewater and other non-potable water to maximum extent feasible for:

Industrial uses; Recreational uses; Landscape irrigation; and Groundwater recharge projects.

2. Apply water conservation and water reuse (reclamation) measures which are consistent with policies and regulations on water quality. 522

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4.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 217

4.22.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.22 (a) Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects?
Future development under the proposed South Land Use Element Update would require or result in the construction of new water, wastewater, stormwater draining, electric, natural gas and telecommunications infrastructure (e.g., laterals, mains, service connections, transmission line). All new housing development pursuant to the South Land Use Element Update would be subject to the same utility and service system requirements and standards as development considered in the 1994 General Plan FEIR. Additionally, all development would still be required to adhere to policies identified in the 1994 General Plan Public Services and Utilities Element. Impacts would remain less than significant as identified in the FEIR. The proposed South Land Use Element Update would not change the conclusions identified in the FEIR associated with demand for and impact on services.

Therefore, no greater impact would occur from the implementation of the proposed Plan than that identified in the FEIR.

4.22 (b) Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years? Potable water is provided by the Adelanto Public Utility Authority (APUA), an independent agency responsible for water and waste water service within Adelanto. The water service area encompasses approximately 50 square miles and provides water for drinking and fire protection. This is accomplished with a network of water wells, pumps, storage tanks, and water distribution lines.

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 218 the area supply water to their customers from local groundwater. MWA replenishes the groundwater supply, primarily with imported water purchased from the State Water Project (SWP).

Historic Groundwater Production
The City’s potable water system is supplied by groundwater from seven (7) active potable wells.

Additionally, the City has nine (9) wells currently inactive, one (1) non-potable well, two (2) emergency interties with the Victorville Water District and one with the Mojave Water Agency. The City’s seven (7) active wells have A combined nominal capacity of 4,728 gpm. The ground water production for the previous 5-years (2016 to 2020) is contained in Table 4.22-1 Historic Groundwater Production.

Table 4.22-1
Historic Groundwater Production
Groundwater Volume Pumped Past Five Years
Groundwater Type Location or Basin Name
Volume Pumped
(Acre-Feet per Year)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
City - Alluvial Basin Mojave RiverGroundwater Basin,
Alto Subarea
4,181 3,599 3,963 3,631 3,785
VWD- Alluvial Basin Mojave RiverGroundwater Basin,
Alto Subarea
3 724 178 852 862
Totals 4,184 4,323 4,141 4,483 4,647
Projected Water Supply
The projected water supply available through 2045 is shown in Table 4.22-2 as per the 2020 UWMP Table ES-2. The City will continue to use groundwater as the sole source of potable water supply combined with supplemental water through an intertie with MWA. The City’s projected supply is the available FPA, which is currently 2,851 AFY, which may be adjusted annual by the Watermaster.

Transfers between MWA and the City is also from groundwater; future year projections are determined based on the difference between available FPA and forecasted demand, although more would be available as needed. Recycled water will begin delivery for irrigation uses by 2025, increasing through 2045.
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4.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 219 Table 4.22-2
Water Supply Projected to 2045
Water Supply
Additional Detail on
Water Supply
Projected Water Supply
Reasonably Available Volume
(Acre-Feet per Year)
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Safe Yield of Alto Subarea
Alto Subarea Production Safe Yield* 64,406 64,406 64,406 64,406 64,406 Reasonably Available Volume
City of Adelanto FPA of Safe Yield 2,851 2,851 2,851 2,851 2,851 Mojave Water Agency Intertie with MWA 2,145 2,409 2,575 2,733 2,915 Recycled Water Non-Potable 20 23 25 25 27
Totals 5,016 5,283 5,451 5,609 5,793
Source: 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
Notes: *DWR Submittal Table 6-9.
*MWA Watermaster Report Water Year 2019-20, May 2021, Table 5-1 Normal Year, Single Year, and Multiple Year Supply
As stated previously in this chapter, due to its reliance on local groundwater sources, the City has not experienced any actual supply deficiencies, even during multiple drought years. The City does not anticipate a deficit in available water supplies during a dry year or during multiple dry years.

According to the 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, the City is confident that water supplies are adequate to meet demands for all weather conditions through 2045.

The majority of the Mojave IRWM Plan Region is part of an adjudicated basin pursuant to:
(1) Stipulated Judgment in City of Barstow, et al. vs. City of Adelanto, et al. Riverside County Superior Court Case No. 2018568 and (2) Hi-Desert Water District vs. Yucca Valley Water Company Ltd, San Bernardino County Court Case No. 172103. SGMA does not apply to these adjudicated areas.

Imported Water
During normal operation there are no water transfers or exchanges of water within the City’s service area. The City water system has two available interties with VWD which has been utilized during the past 5-years and now has an intertie with MWA for future years.

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 220 opportunities to purchase water supplies from other water agencies and sources in addition to the SWP water supply.

As described in the North 2035 General Plan FEIR, adequate water supplies are available to meet the projected average daily demand at General Plan buildout.

South General Plan Water Demand Estimates
Estimated water demand for the Project Area was calculated at the at the 700 gpd/EDU, 600 gpd/EDU, and 500 gpd for EDU. Table 4.22-3 1994 General Plan Update Buildout Water Demand Estimate provides the estimated water demand from the proposed land use changes using the demand and EDU factors from the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR. The proposed land use updates are estimated to decease the overall water demand for the project area.

Table 4.22-3
1994 General Plan Update Buildout Water Demand Estimate Area Density Acres
Dwelling
Units Rate Gallons/Day AF/Year
5 4 du/ac 530 2,120 396 gpd 839,200 2,157,566
6 4 du/ac 1,041 4,164 396 gpd 1,648,944 –
Total 4 1.571 6,284 396 2,488,144 2,784
According to the 2020 UWMP: “With continued effective water management strategies, the City is projected to have 100 percent water reliability in a single dry year or five-consecutive year drought conditions for the forecast period to 2045.

4.22 (c) Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments?
Wastewater
The South General Plan Land Use Element Update and implementing actions will not directly result in the exceedance of RWQCB treatment standards or require expansion of existing wastewater treatment facilities because no development or land alteration activities are specifically authorized by the Plan. Localized environmental impacts associated with the future expansion of facilities are subject to project-level environmental review pursuant to CEQA. Impacts associated with a lack of wastewater treatment capacity include accelerated deterioration of existing facilities, the potential for health hazards due to wastewater backup, and discharges of untreated wastewater into the 526

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 221 environment. Future development within the Planning Area guided by the policies of the General Plan and the proposed Comprehensive Sustainable Plan could affect RWQCB treatment standards by increasing wastewater production.

As shown on the Table 4.22-1, total wastewater flow for buildout of the Project Area under the South General Plan is estimated to be 6,340,168 gpd, or 36 percent of the estimated 17,432,635 gpd wastewater flow for buildout of the City of Adelanto. The update land use plan in the South General Plan wastewater flow for buildout is estimated to be 5,659,292 gpd or 32% of the estimated wastewater flow for buildout of the City.

Based on anticipated wastewater services for the proposed South General Plan Land Use Element Update area and feasible plans for additional treatment capacity, impacts associated with wastewater treatment requirements will be less than significant because long-term discharges will be able to be handled in accordance with future discharge requirements.

Table 4.22-4
South 2035 General Plan Buildout Wastewater Flow Estimate Land Use Type
Total Area
(acres)
Equivalent DwellingUnits
(EDU)
Wastewater Duty
Coefficient
(gpd/EDU)
Subtotal
Wastewater Flow
Per Acre Total (gpd)
Single Family Residential (R-S5) 1,753.0 4 7,012 200 1,402,360 Single Family Residential (R-S1) 556.3 2 1,112.6 200 222,520 Total 35,303.7 31,003.46 6,200,852
Table 4.22-5
Proposed South General Plan Buildout Wastewater Flow Estimate Land Use Type
Total Area
(acres)
Equivalent DwellingUnits
(EDU) Wastewater Duty
Coefficient
(gpd/EDU)
Subtotal
Wastewater
Flow
Per AC Total (gpd)
Single Family Residential (R-S5) 516.7 4 2,067 200 413,400 Single Family Residential (R-S1) 1,792.3 2 3,585 200 717,000 Total 35,303.7 28,349.46 5,659,292

4.22 (d) Generate solid waste more than State or local standards, or more than the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals Based on solid waste generation rates by land use calculated in the California Emissions Estimator Model for full buildout, approximately 128,274 tons of tons of solid waste would be generated annually throughout the Planning Area which is 50,117 tons less than the 178,391 estimated in the 2035 GP FEIR. Although, solid waste may ultimately be disposed of at various landfills, the closest landfill to the Project site is the Victorville Sanitary Landfill located at 18600 Stoddard Wells Road, approximately 10.5 miles to the east. According the CalRecycle website, the Victorville Sanitary 527

4.0 Environmental Checklist for Adelanto South General Plan

4.22 Utilities and Service Systems
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 222 Landfill has a daily throughput of 3,000 tons per day and a remaining capacity of 93,400,000 cubic yards. The expected closure is October 1, 2047. As such, there is adequate landfill capacity to serve the Project.

4.22 (e) Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste
The City will continue to implement a variety of solid waste reduction, recycling, and re-use measures to meet its obligation under AB 939. Tthese efforts will be coordinated with waste management programs administered by the County of San Bernardino through its CWIMP; therefore, future landfill diversion rates may improve. The policies and programs of the South General Plan Land Use Element Update will not interfere with implementation of existing solid waste disposal regulations.

4.22.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to utilities and service systems will occur with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

4.22.7 Conclusion
Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the 1994 General Plan FEIR, implementation of the proposed Land Use changes would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts related to utilities and service systems that were not identified in the 1994 General Plan FEIR. 528

5.0 Summary and Conclusions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 223

4.23 Wildfire
Would the project
New
Potentially
Significant
Impact
New Mitigation
Required
Reduced
Impact
No New
Impact
a) Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
b) Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
c) Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☒
d) Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post‐fire slope instability, or drainage changes? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

4.23.1 Summary of 1994 General Plan Final EIR Conclusions The CEQA Wildfire section was not implemented and added to the CEQA environmental review until 2018 (§15126.2(a)). The 1994 General Plan Update FEIR contained an analysis of impacts on wildfire in the Section 3.14, Public Services, which states: “Fires present a unique threat in the City of Adelanto, particularly during summer months when temperatures exceed 100 degrees Fahrenheit, and precipitation is almost non-existent. The abundance of brush and poor access contribute significantly to wildfires and may present significant danger to residents and structures. This statement applies mostly to the areas in the northern and western portions of the City and the area in the County south of Palmdale Road. Areas 5 and 6 are in a Moderate Fire Hazard Severity Zone and are not exposed to a high risk from wildland fires.

4.23.2 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
There are no unavoidable adverse impacts.

4.23.3 Applicable 1994 General Plan Policies
Chapter Nine: Safety Element
Safety 1.15 The City will require that all new development and selected existing development comply with Federal, State, and local fire safety standards.

Safety 1.1.9 The City will require new development to incorporate sprinkler systems and smoke detectors, as appropriate and required by applicable codes. 529

5.0 Summary and Conclusions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 224

4.23.4 Applicable 1994 General Plan Final EIR Mitigation Measures

3.14 Public Services

3.14.3.4 The City will require new development to incorporate sprinkler systems and smoke detectors, as appropriate and required by applicable codes.

4.23.5 Proposed Project Impact Analysis

4.23 (a-d) Wildfire Impacts
A wildfire is a nonstructural fire that occurs in vegetative fuels, excluding prescribed fire. Wildfires can occur in undeveloped areas and spread to urban areas where the landscape and structures are not designed and maintained to be ignition resistant. As stated in the State of California’s General Plan Guidelines: “California’s increasing population and expansion of development into previously undeveloped areas is creating more ’wildland-urban interface’ issues with a corresponding increased risk of loss to human life, natural resources, and economic assets associated with wildland fires.” To address this issue, the state passed Senate Bill 1241 to require that General Plan Safety Elements address the fire severity risks in State Responsibility Areas (SRAs) and Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs).

According to the California Fire Hazard Severity Zone Viewer maintained by Cal Fire, the Project site is not located within a high wildfire hazard area. The Project Area is not located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones. As such, Thresholds

4.23 (a) through 4.23 (d) below require no response.
• Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan. • Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to, pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire.
• Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment. • Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, because of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes.

The City has adopted Section 701A of the California Building Code to minimize the potential for property destruction due to wildland fires by requiring materials and construction methods that are fire resistant. The Adelanto North 2035 Plan will not interfere with the implementation of these regulations. Therefore, with the continued enforcement of existing regulations, impacts due to wildland fires will be less than significant.
530

5.0 Summary and Conclusions
Adelanto General Plan Land Use Element Update – October 2022 Page | 225

4.23.6 New or Additional Mitigation Measures
No substantial changes in the environment related to wildfire will with the land use changes that would lead to more significant impacts and no new mitigation measures are required.

4.23.7 Conclusion
Development in the City has the potential to impact wildfire and emergency planning. Based on an examination of the analysis, findings, and conclusions of the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR, implementation of the Project would not substantially increase the severity of significant impacts previously identified, nor would new significant impacts related to Wildfire hazards that were not identified in the 1994 General Plan Update FEIR.

The General Plan and related implementing actions established goals and policies for future development throughout the Project Area. The General Plan did not authorize any site-specific land altering activities or any particular development project, infrastructure improvement, or community facility and thus will have no direct impact on current wildfire hazards. Future development projects will be constructed in light of the policies of the General Plan, adopted General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures, and policies.
531
532
533

SOUTHERN

CALIFORNIA

LOGISTICS

AIRPORT
Oleander/Sierra Rd
Desert Flower/Lynwood Ave
Colusa Rd
Desoto Ave
El Mirage Rd
Auburn Ave
Chamberlaine Way
Air Expressway
Rancho Rd
Holly Rd
Mojave Dr
Victor St
Begonia St
Seneca Rd
Cactus Rd
Richardson Rd
Koala Rd
Aster Rd
Muskrat Ave
Raccoon Ave
Stevens St
Jonathan St
Adelanto Rd
Caughlin Rd
Palmdale Rd Koala Rd
Bellflower St
Aster Rd
Pearmain St
Verbena Rd
Acknowledgement on Media releases
The work upon which this publication is based was funded in whole or in part through a grant awarded by the Strategic Growth Council.

Disclaimer on Work Product
The statements and conclusions of this report are those of the GRANTEE and/or Subcontractor and not necessarily those of the Strategic Growth Council or of the Department of Conservation, or its employees. The Strategic Growth Council and the Department make no warranties, express or implied, and assume no liability for the information contained in the succeeding text.

Date: Tuesday, August 26, 2014
City of Adelanto
0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000
Feet
Source: FORMA, 2013

LAND USE AND ZONING DISTRICTS
Single Family Residential (R1)
(Max. 4 du/ac)
Medium Density Residential (R3-8)
(Max. 8 du/ac)
Desert Living (DL-5) (1 du/5 ac)
Desert Living (DL-2.5) (1 du/2.5 ac)
Desert Living (DL-9) (1 du/9 ac)
General Commercial (C)
Light Manufacturing (LM)
Manufacturing/Industrial (MI)
Public Utilities (PU)
Open Space (OS)
Airport Development District (ADD)
Mixed Use (MU) (12 - 18 du/ac)
Business Park (BP)
City Boundary
Greenbelt Corridor Drainage (GCD)
High Density Residential (R3-30)
(Max. 30 du/ac)
395
County of
San Bernardino
County of
San Bernardino
Fremo nt Wash
Greenbelt Corridor Easement (GCE)
Airport Park (AP)
City of
Victorville
General Plan Land Use & Zoning Map
Single Family Residential (R-S5)
(1.1 - 5 du/ac)
Medium Density Residential (R-M12)
(5 - 12 du/ac)
Single Family Residential (R-S1)
(.41 - 1 du/acre)
Note: The City of Adelanto general plan designations
are shown for areas outside the City Limits.

Moj ave
River
534
A
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R
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U.S. H
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3 9
5 B
ellflo
w
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A
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K
o
ala
R
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Ric
h
ard
s
o
n
R
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C
a
u
g
hlin
R
d
L
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s
sin
g
Av
e
Pearmain St
J
o
n
ath
a
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St
Delicious STLilac Rd
Verb
e
n
a
R
d
Daisy RdStevens St
R
a
c
c
o
o
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Av
e
Muskrat AveOtter Ave
B
e
a
v
er R
d
El Privelegio StTrinidad Rd
Vinto
n
R
d
Shasta RdBarbet Rd
Mid
dleto
n
R
d
Tumbleweed Rd
Palmdale Rd
Seneca Rd
Mojave Dr
Holly Rd
Rancho Rd
Air Expressway
Begonia Rd
Villa St
Victor St
Joshua St
Lupin Rd
Cactus Rd
Poppy Rd
Pansy Ave
Cassia Rd
Primrose Ave
Violet Ave
Yucca Rd
Joshua Ave
Chamberlaine Way
El Mirage Rd
Desoto Ave
Colusa Rd
Lawson Ave
Bartlett Ave
Lee Avenue
Vintage Rd
Auburn Ave
La Paz Ave
Avalon Ave
Nichols Rd
Coronado Ave
Egert Rd
Calleja Ave
Calana Rd
Desert Flower Rd
Oleander St
Dayton St
Sonoma Rd
Hote Rd
Torosa St
Purple Sage St
Jimson St
Redondo Rd
M
e
s
a
Lin
d
a
R
d
Aguadera Rd
E
m
erald
R
d
Diamond Rd
C
o
b
alt R
d
Brucite Rd
A
m
eth
y
st R
d
e
General Plan Land Use & Zoning Map
1 0.5
µ
0 1 Miles
City of Adelanto
11600 Air Expressway
Adelanto, CA 92301
Adelanto Geographical Information Systems
Zoning Updated:March 22, 2022

LAND USE AND ZONING DISTRICTS
Zoning
Airport Development District (ADD)
Airport Park (AP)
Business Park (BP)
Commercial (C)
Desert Living (DL-5) (1 du/5 ac)
Desert Living (DL-9) (1 du/9 ac)
Desert Living (DL-2.5) (1 du/2.5 ac)
Light Manufacturing (LM)
Light Manufacturing Cannabis Only (LMCO)
Manufacturing/Industrial (MI)
Mixed Use (MU) (12 - 18 du/ac)
Open Space (OS)
Public Utilities (PU)
Medium Density Residential (R-M12)
High Density Residential (R3-30)
Single Family Residential (R-S1)
Single Family Residential (R-S5)
Single Family Residential (R-1)
Medium Density Residential (R3-8)
Dispensary Zones
CANNABIS ZONES: The City of Adelanto permits and regulates Medicinal and Adult Use Cannabis activities in designated zones. Cannabis activity is permitted in the following zones: Light Manufacturing (LM), Light Manufacturing Cannabis Only (LMCO), Manufacturing Industrial (MI), and Airport Development District (ADD). 535

CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT
DATE: October 26, 2022
TO: Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM: Jessie Flores, City Manager
BY: Marc Tran, City Attorney
SUBJECT: DECLARATION OF SURPLUS PROPERTY PURSUANT TO AB 1486 – APN 3128- 221-04
STAFF RECOMMENDATION:

It is staff’s recommendation that the City Council adopt the attached Resolution and declare the property identified as Assessor’s Parcel Number 3128-221-04 as surplus land that is no longer necessary for the City’s use and direct the City Manager to follow the procedures set forth in the Surplus Land Act as amended by AB 1486.

BACKGROUND:

The City Council of the City of Adelanto owns and controls real property identified as Parcel Number 3128-221-04 (“Property”). The Property is a vacant property that consists of one parcel amounting to approximately 4.3 acres. The Property is currently vacant and does not generate any lease, rental, or other revenues. The Property is zoned for mixed use development.

The California Surplus Land Act requires all local agencies to prioritize affordable housing, parks, and open space when disposing of surplus land. To proceed with an eventual disposition of the Property, the City Council must comply with the Surplus Land Act.

AB 1486, which amended the Surplus Land Act, requires that before a local agency takes any action to dispose of land, the land must first be declared either “surplus land” or “exempt surplus land” and such declarations must be supported by written findings. (Gov. Code § 54221 (b)(1).) “Surplus land” is defined as “land owned in fee simple by any local agency for which the local agency’s governing body takes formal action in a regular public meeting declaring that the land is surplus and is not necessary for the agency’s use.” (Gov. Code § 54221 (b)(1).)
In short, AB 1486 requires the City Council to take formal action declaring that the Property is surplus property. Adoption of the attached Resolution would satisfy that requirement.

If and when the City Council adopts the attached Resolution, the procedures set forth in Government Code section 54220, et seq., must be followed to dispose of the property. More specifically, the procedures require that the City Council offer the disposition of the property to certain public entities for a period of sixty (60) days by transmitting a written notice of availability to those entities including:
536

1. A written notice of availability to any “local public entity” (Health & Safety Code § 50079) within whose jurisdiction the surplus land is located and to “housing Sponsors” that have notified the California Department of Housing and Community Development (“HCD”) of their interest in surplus land.

2. A written notice of availability of the surplus land to local park districts.

3. A written notice of availability to local school districts.

4. A written notice of availability to any other public entities with jurisdiction over the surplus land.

If the City Council receives correspondence expressing interest from any of the above entities, the City Council is required to enter into good faith negotiations concerning the price and terms of the disposition with that entity for a period of ninety (90) days. If the price and terms cannot be agreed upon after ninety (90) days or if no entity gives notice of interest, then the City Council may dispose of the surplus land without further regard to the surplus land procedures.

CONCLUSION:

The City Council should adopt the attached Resolution to comply with AB 1486 and declare the Property as surplus property.

FISCAL IMPACT:

No fiscal impact at this time.

ATTACHMENTS:

Exhibit 1 – Resolution No. 22-74
Exhibit 2 – Map Showing Location of Parcel
537
Resolution no. 22-74
RESOLUTION NO. 22-74

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

ADELANTO DECLARING THAT THE PROPERTY IDENTIFIED AS
APN 3128-221-04 IS SURPLUS LAND AND IS NO LONGER
NECESSARY FOR THE CITY’S USE AND DIRECTING THE CITY

MANAGER TO FOLLOW THE PROCEDURES SET FORTH IN THE

SURPLUS LAND ACT FOR THE SALE OF SURPLUS LAND
WHEREAS, the City Council owns and controls certain real property legally identified as Assessor’s Parcel Number 3128-221-04 (“Property”); and WHEREAS, the Property is zoned as Mixed-Use development and is approximately 4.3 acres; and
WHEREAS, the Property is currently vacant and does not generate any lease, rental, or other revenues; and
WHEREAS, the Property is not located near any existing public transit routes or adjacent to high volume traffic streets; and
WHEREAS, the Property is not intended for a governmental use; and WHEREAS, Assembly Bill 1486 went into effect on January 1, 2020, (“AB 1486”) and expanded the Surplus Land Act requirements for local agencies prior to the disposition and disposal of a “surplus land”; and
WHEREAS, the Property meets the definition of “surplus land”, is no longer necessary for the City’s use, and does not meet any of the applicable exemptions from the Surplus Land Act as amended by AB 1486; and,
WHEREAS, City staff and consultants will prepare an appraisal of the property to establish its market value; and
WHEREAS, the City’s portion of the proceeds from the disposition of the Property and property tax generated may provide funding to enhance City services, and the future development of the Property would attract tax revenue generated by sales activities.

NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL DOES HERBY FIND,
DETERMINE, AND RESOLVE as follows;
Section 1. The above recitals are true and correct and are incorporated herein by reference.

Section 2. The City Council hereby finds and declares that the Property is no longer necessary for the City’s use and is surplus land as defined in California Government Code section 54221 based on the true and correct written findings found in this Resolution. 538
RESOLUTION NO. 22-74
October 26, 2022

Page 2 ends

Adelanto City CouncilOctober 26, 2022

Adelanto City Council
October 26, 2022