AGENDA
REGULAR MEETING
AGOURA HILLS CITY COUNCIL
Civic Center - Council Chambers
30001 Ladyface Court, Agoura Hills, California 91301
Wednesday, May 13, 2026
6:00 PM
Please silence all cell phones and other electronic devices during the meeting.
ATTEND OR WATCH THE MEETING
For in-person attendance, the Council Chambers will open to the public at 5:30 p.m. To watch the live stream or archived meeting, visit the City's website at agourahillscity.gov and click the dark green “Watch Meetings” button under Quick Links or search “Agoura Hills City Council” on YouTube and select the meeting by date,
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION (PUBLIC COMMENT)
Option A: To provide public comments in person in the Council Chambers Members of the public may attend the meeting in person in the Council Chambers and speak or submit written comments on any item listed on the Agenda. To speak, complete a Speaker’s Card for each item and submit it to the City Clerk before the public comment period of that item. Public testimony is limited to three (3) minutes per speaker; a speaker's time may not be transferred to another person. Written comments submitted during the meeting will not be read aloud by the City.
Option B: To submit written public comments prior to the meeting Members of the public may submit written comments on any item listed on the Agenda. To ensure the City Council has time to review and/or consider the information prior to the meeting, please include the item number or topic in the subject line and email [email protected] by 4:00 p.m. on the meeting date. Public comments are not read into the record by the City. Any comments submitted after the deadline may not be considered during the City Council’s deliberations or included in the official record. However, the public may attend the meeting to make or submit comments in person.
CALL TO ORDER
LAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
Cub Scout Pack 227
ROLL CALL
Mayor Jeremy Wolf
Mayor Pro Tem Deborah Klein Lopez
Councilmember Kate Anderson
Councilmember Chris Anstead
Councilmember Penny Sylvester
REPORT OF CLOSED SESSION
APPROVAL OF AGENDA
PRESENTATIONS
INTERGOVERNMENTAL, SPECIAL PURPOSE COMMITTEE, AND DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS Clean Power Alliance (CPA) Update
PUBLIC COMMENTS
(This section is reserved for persons wishing to address items not listed on the Agenda that are under the subject matter jurisdiction of the City Council. Please refer to “Public Participation” above for full details on how to speak or submit written public comments under this category.)
CONSENT CALENDAR
(Items on the Consent Calendar may be approved by a single motion and vote. Unless pulled by the City Council, there will be no separate discussion of these items. This section is reserved for persons wishing to address items on the Consent Calendar. Please refer to “Public Participation” above for full details on how to speak or submit written public comments under this category.)
1. Approve Minutes of the Regular City Council Meeting of April 22, 2026 RECOMMENDATION: Approve the Minutes, as presented.
2. Approve Demand Warrant Register No. 951
RECOMMENDATION: Approve Demand Warrant Register No. 951.
3. Approve One-Year Agreement Extensions, with Bureau Veritas N.A., Inc. and m6 Consulting, Inc., for Plan Review and Inspection Services
RECOMMENDATION: Approve the First Amendment to the Agreement for Consultant Services with Bureau Veritas N. A., Inc., and Second Amendment to the Agreement for Consultant Services with m6 Consulting, Inc., for one-year contract extensions for the professional plan review and inspection services.
4. Approve Design Professional Consultant Services Agreement, with m6 Consulting, Inc., for Construction Engineering Services Related to the Low Flow Storm Drain Diversion Project RECOMMENDATION: Approve the Design Professional Consultant Services Agreement, with m6 Consulting, Inc., for construction engineering services related to the Low Flow Storm Drain Diversion Project.
5. Approve Agreement for Contractor Services, with Ray-Mac Painting, Inc., for Painting Services at Morrison Park
RECOMMENDATION: Approve the Agreement for Contractor Services, with Ray-Mac Painting, Inc., for Painting Services at Morrison Park.
PUBLIC HEARING
(This section is reserved for persons wishing to address items listed under Public Hearing. Please refer to “Public Participation” above for full details on how to submit written public comments or speak under this category.)
6. Conduct a Public Hearing to Consider the Adoption of a Resolution Approving a General Plan Amendment to Revise the Table of Contents and the Safety Element (Chapter 5, Community Safety) with the Updated MultiJurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, the Adopted Evacuation Plan, and the Updated Evacuation Analysis (Case No. GPA-2024-0007) and Make Findings of Exemption Under the California Environmental Quality Act RECOMMENDATION: Adopt Resolution No. 26-2129; A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF AGOURA HILLS, CALIFORNIA, APPROVING A GENERAL PLAN AMENDMENT TO AMEND THE SAFETY ELEMENT (CHAPTER 5, COMMUNITY SAFETY) TO INCLUDE AN UPDATED EVACUATION ANALYSIS, EVACUATION PLAN, AND THE UPDATED 2024 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD
MITIGATION PLAN, AND REVISE THE TABLE OF CONTENTS ACCORDINGLY, AND MAKE OTHER MINOR TEXTUAL REVISIONS TO THE SAFETY ELEMENT (CASE NO. GPA2024-0007), AND MAKE FINDINGS OF EXEMPTION UNDER THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT.
DISCUSSION / ACTION
(This section is reserved for persons wishing to address items listed under Discussion / Action. Please refer to “Public Participation” above for full details on how to submit written public comments or speak under this category.)
7. Consider Supporting the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Letter of Opposition to Proposed Changes to the Metro Board of Directors
RECOMMENDATION: Discuss the Las Virgenes-Malibu letter to the Metro Board and provide direction on whether the City Council will take a position on the issue or decline and allow the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments to send the letter without a formal position from Agoura Hills.
CITY COUNCIL, STAFF COMMENTS
ADJOURNMENT
The next Regular City Council Meeting will be held at 6:00 p.m., on May 27, 2026, in the Council Chambers of the Civic Center. The Civic Center is located at 30001 Ladyface Court, Agoura Hills, California.
In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you require special assistance to participate in a City Council meeting or to access other services offered by the City of Agoura Hills, please contact the City Clerk’s Office at (818) 597-7300. To ensure that reasonable arrangements can be made to provide appropriate access, please provide notification at least 48 hours in advance of the meeting or time when services are needed.
Copies of staff reports or other written documentation related to each item of business on this Agenda are available on the City’s website at agourahillscity.gov and are on file in the Office of the City Clerk, Kimberly M. Rodrigues, at Agoura Hills City Hall, 30001 Ladyface Court, Agoura Hills, California, 91301.
The telecast of Regular City Council Meeting held on Wednesday, May 13, 2026 will be broadcast on Channel 10 for Time Warner Cable subscribers and Channel 3 for Charter subscribers and air daily until the next regularly scheduled City Council meeting. The broadcast schedule is as follows: M-10a m; T-3pm; W-10am; Th-7pm; F10am; S-3pm; and Su-7pm.
Date Posted: May 7, 2026
REPORT TO CITY COUNCIL
DATE: MAY 13, 2026
TO: HONORABLE MAYOR AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
FROM: NATHAN HAMBURGER, CITY MANAGER
BY: KIMBERLY RODRIGUES, CITY CLERK
SUBJECT: APPROVE MINUTES OF THE REGULAR CITY COUNCIL MEETING OF APRIL 22, 2026
RECOMMENDATION
Approve the Minutes, as presented.
Attachments
CC Minutes 042226.pdf
MINUTES
REGULAR MEETING
AGOURA HILLS CITY COUNCIL
Civic Center – Council Chambers
30001 Ladyface Court, Agoura Hills, California 91301
Wednesday, April 22, 2026
6:00 p.m.
The City Council meeting was called to order at 6:00 p.m. by Mayor Wolf.
The Pledge of Allegiance was led by Captain Carr.
Present were: Mayor Jeremy Wolf, Mayor Pro Tem Deborah Klein Lopez, Councilmember Kate Anderson, Councilmember Anstead, and Councilmember Penny Sylvester.
Also Present were: City Manager Nathan Hamburger, City Attorney Candice K.
Lee, Assistant City Manager Ramiro Adeva, Executive
Assistant Michele Hubbs, Community Development Director Robby Nesovic, Associate Planner Eric Wang, Director of Public Works/City Engineer Charmaine Yambao, Deputy Public Works Director Kelly Fisher, Engineering Aide Joshua Keck, Captain Dustin Carr, Director of Finance Diego Ibañez, Director of Community Services Amy Brink, and City Clerk Kimberly M.
Rodrigues.
REPORT OF CLOSED SESSION
City Attorney Lee reported on the Closed Session item pursuant to Government Code Section 54957. Direction was given to staff; no reportable action was taken.
APPROVAL OF AGENDA
Mayor Wolf announced that an update from Captain Carr of the Lost Hills Sheriff’s Station would be included in the Intergovernmental Reports.
ACTION: Councilmember Sylvester moved to approve the Agenda, as amended. Councilmember Anstead seconded. The motion carried 5- 0, by the following roll call vote:
AYES: Mayor Wolf, Mayor Pro Tem Klein Lopez, and
Councilmembers Anderson, Anstead, and Sylvester.
NOES: None.
ABSTAIN: None.
ABSENT: None.
City Council Regular Meeting Minutes
Wednesday, April 22, 2026
PRESENTATIONS
Mayor Wolf presented a Certificate of Recognition, honoring Rabbits & Oaks as the April 2026 Business of the Month, to owner Hilary Linderman.
Mayor Wolf presented a Proclamation, recognizing Arbor Day, to Deputy Director of Public Works Kelly Fisher and Director of Community Services Amy Brink.
Mayor Wolf presented a Certificate of Recognition, for their outstanding contributions to the City’s Arbor Day and Community Service Day celebrations, to West Coast Arborists Area Manager Lorenzo Perez.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL, SPECIAL PURPOSE COMMITTEE, & DEPARTMENTAL
REPORTS
Captain Carr, representing the Lost Hills Sheriff’s Station, provided a station update, including an ALPR (Automated License Plate Reader) cameras.
Councilmember Sylvester provided a Las Virgenes/Malibu Council of Governments Update.
Councilmember Anderson provided a Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy Advisory Committee Update.
PUBLIC COMMENTS
Following distribution of the Agenda Packet, and prior to the City Council meeting, written correspondence was received from the following person, forwarded to the City Council, and made available for public review.
Ben Suber, Agoura Hills
CONSENT CALENDAR
The following person(s) spoke on Item No. 5:
Matt Silver and Lauren Brown, representing Civica Law Group, APC ACTION: Councilmember Anstead moved to approve Consent Calendar Item Nos. 1-8, as presented. Councilmember Anderson seconded. The motion carried 5-0, by the following roll call vote:
AYES: Mayor Wolf, Mayor Pro Tem Klein Lopez, and
Councilmembers Anderson, Anstead, and Sylvester.
NOES: None.
ABSTAIN: None.
ABSENT: None.
City Council Regular Meeting Minutes
Wednesday, April 22, 2026
1. Approve Minutes of the Regular City Council Meeting of April 8, 2026
2. Approve Demand Warrant Register No. 950
3. Approve Award of Contract for the Driver Drain Stormwater Improvement Project; NIB 26-01, in the amount of $347,359.00, to Sam Hill & Sons, Inc.
4. Approve Award of Contract for the Low Flow Storm Drain Diversion Project; NIB 26- 03, in the amount of $2,543,820, to Environmental Construction, Inc.
5. Approve Agreement for Contractor Services, with Civica Law Group, APC, for Prosecutor Services
6. Approve Agreement for Contractor Services, with MCCi, LLC, for Laserfiche Technical Support and Maintenance Services
7. Adopt Ordinance No. 26-485; AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF AGOURA
HILLS,CALIFORNIA, AMENDING THE AGOURA HILLS MUNICIPAL CODE TO
ESTABLISH ELECTRIC MOBILITYDEVICE REGULATIONS AND MAKING A
FINDING OF EXEMPTION PURSUANT TO THE CALIFORNIAENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT.
8. Adopt Ordinance Amendment No. 26-487; AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF
AGOURA HILLS,CALIFORNIA, AMENDING THE AGOURA HILLS MUNICIPAL
CODE TO AMEND REGULATIONS RELATEDTO EQUIPMENT IN RESIDENTIAL
AND COMMERCIAL ZONES AND USES SUBJECT TO DIRECTOR'SREVIEW
AND APPROVAL IN RESIDENTIAL ZONES AND MAKING A DETERMINATION
OF EXEMPTIONUNDER THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL
CITY COUNCIL, STAFF COMMENTS
Director of Community Services Brink announced there would be an education and outreach push on e-bikes, invited residents to participate in Community Service Days beginning at Chumash Park at 9:00 a.m. on April 25, 2026, presented a video announcement from Ben Suber, and reported the Annual Student Art Show would be held at the Recreation and Event Center at 5:00 p.m. on April 23, 2026.
Mayor Wolf acknowledged the birthdays of Mayor Pro Tem Klein Lopez and Councilmember Anstead, announced the selection of Ben Suber as the inaugural Volunteer of the Month for April, encouraged residents to sign up for Community Service Days, and reported attending a Wildlife Corridor press conference where a target ribboncutting date of December 2, 2026, was announced.
ADJOURNMENT
At 6:55 p.m., Mayor Wolf announced the second Goal-Setting Workshop is scheduled for 4:00 p.m., followed by the Regular City Council Meeting scheduled for 6:00 p.m., on Wednesday, May 13, 2026, in the Council Chambers of the Civic Center, and adjourned the meeting.
City Council Regular Meeting Minutes
Wednesday, April 22, 2026
Kimberly M. Rodrigues, MPPA, MMC
City Clerk
REPORT TO CITY COUNCIL
DATE: MAY 13, 2026
TO: HONORABLE MAYOR AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
FROM: NATHAN HAMBURGER, CITY MANAGER
BY:
ALEJANDRA KINCHELOE, ACCOUNTING SPECIALIST
DIEGO IBANEZ, DIRECTOR OF FINANCE
SUBJECT: APPROVE DEMAND WARRANT REGISTER NO. 951
Demand Warrant Register No. 951 is hereby submitted for your approval.
FISCAL IMPACT
All items on the Demand Warrant Register are budgeted items; and all the items, when aggregated and annualized, are found to be within budget.
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended the City Council approve Demand Warrant Register No. 951.
Attachments
Demand Warrant Register 951.pdf
REPORT TO CITY COUNCIL
DATE: MAY 13, 2026
TO: HONORABLE MAYOR AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
FROM: NATHAN HAMBURGER, CITY MANAGER
BY: LUKAS QUACH, BUILDING OFFICIAL
SUBJECT:
APPROVE ONE-YEAR AGREEMENT EXTENSIONS, WITH BUREAU VERITAS N.A., INC. AND M6 CONSULTING, INC., FOR PLAN REVIEW AND INSPECTION SERVICES The City of Agoura Hills utilizes professional consulting firms to supplement Building and Safety Division services for plan review and inspection activities. These consulting services allow the City to maintain service levels during periods of increased development activity, staff vacancies, or specialized project needs.
On July 1, 2023, the City entered into separate agreements with Bureau Veritas North America, Inc. and M6 Consulting, Inc. for professional plan review, inspection, and related building services. Each agreement was approved for a three-year term ending June 30, 2026, with annual compensation limits established within the agreements. These consultants have long provided technical support to the City’s Building and Safety Division and are well-established firms serving multiple jurisdictions throughout the region.
Bureau Veritas North America, Inc. has been providing plan review and inspection services to the City for many years (formerly operating locally as California Code Check before its acquisition by Bureau Veritas). The firm has consistently provided reliable and responsive services to the City and its applicants.
The First Amendment to the agreement with Bureau Veritas extends the contract term for an additional year and adjusts the annual compensation limit.
Key provisions of the amendment include:
Extends the agreement from June 30, 2026, to June 30, 2027 Establishes a not-to-exceed amount of $300,000 for FY 2026-27 Maintains the existing scope of services for plan review and inspection support All other terms of the agreement remain unchanged.
The continued use of Bureau Veritas allows the City to maintain flexibility in responding to permit activity and ensures that applicants receive timely plan review services.
M6 Consulting, Inc. is a local building and safety consulting firm that provides plan review, inspection, and augmented staffing services to several jurisdictions in the region. Due to its proximity and familiarity with City processes, M6 has been an important resource for maintaining operational continuity within the Building and Safety Division. On December 11, 2024, the City approved a First Amendment to the agreement with M6 Consulting, expanding the scope of work and increasing the compensation limit to support additional plan review, inspection, and staffing services.
The proposed Second Amendment includes the following updates:
Extends the agreement from June 30, 2026, to June 30, 2027 Establishes a not-to-exceed amount of $500,000 for FY 2026-27 Supports additional plan review, inspections, and augmented staffing services Increases the total agreement amount to $1,800,000 across the contract term.
The additional capacity provided by M6 Consulting enables the City to manage fluctuations in workload and maintain consistent service levels.
FISCAL IMPACT
Funding for these services is included in the Building and Safety Division budget (010-4390-5520) and is supported by building permits and plan review fees.
The proposed amendments establish the following annual limits:
Consultant Fiscal Year 2026-27
Bureau Veritas $300,000 (Not-to-Exceed)
M6 Consulting $500,000 (Not-to-Exceed)
These consulting services are utilized on an as-needed basis and are necessary to maintain timely permit processing and inspection services for the community.
The City Attorney has reviewed and approved as to form the agreement amendments.
RECOMMENDATION
Staff respectfully recommends that the City Council approve the one-year contract extensions with Bureau Veritas and M6 Consulting for the professional plan review and inspection services.
Attachments
BV First Amendment.pdf
M6 Second Contract Amendment.pdf
REPORT TO CITY COUNCIL
DATE: MAY 13, 2026
TO: HONORABLE MAYOR AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
FROM: NATHAN HAMBURGER, CITY MANAGER
BY:
KELLY FISHER, DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS
CHARMAINE YAMBAO, DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS DIRECTOR / CITY ENGINEER SUBJECT:
APPROVE DESIGN PROFESSIONAL CONSULTANT SERVICES AGREEMENT, WITH M6 CONSULTING, INC., FOR CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING SERVICES RELATED TO THE LOW FLOW
STORM DRAIN DIVERSION PROJECT
On October 9, 2024, the City Council approved a contract with m6 Consulting, Inc. (m6) for construction engineering services related to the Low Flow Storm Drain Diversion Project. The project consists of constructing six (6) precast manhole structures in order to re-direct the urban water from the storm drains to the adjacent public sewer lines during the dry weather season, as well as, the first tenth of an inch of flow from the first storm of the wet-weather season, which can carry pollutants that are harmful to the environment. The sewer systems would then convey the flows to the Tapia Water Reclamation Facility for treatment.
The original agreement with m6 included an expiration date of December 31, 2025, based on the expectation that construction would be completed prior to the start of the October 2025 rainy season. However, due to delays in the approval of the Measure W Safe, Clean Water Program Regional Transfer Agreement (Transfer Agreement), the project could not proceed as planned. Following the recent execution of the Transfer Agreement by the County of Los Angeles, staff is requesting approval of a new agreement with M6 to provide construction engineering services.
Construction engineering services will be essential to support City staff during the construction phase of the project.
These services will assist in responding to contractor inquiries, requests for clarification, and unforeseen field conditions that may arise. As the original design engineer, m6 will be responsible for providing the City with as-built plans upon project completion and will ensure that any field modifications required during construction do not compromise the integrity of the approved design.
Pursuant to Agoura Hills Municipal Code Article II, Chapter 7, Section 2707, the City Council is authorized to enter into this agreement without the solicitation of formal or informal bids.
Consistent with the previous agreement, the scope of work includes pre-construction and design support services, review and approval of shop drawings and submittals, assistance with field changes, and preparation of final asbuilt plans.
FISCAL IMPACT
The proposed agreement contains a not-to-exceed amount of $108,580 which have been accounted for in the Low Flow Diversion Project budget which includes $1,195,134 of Proposition 1 Round 1 Integrated Regional Water Management Funds, $970,503 of Measure W (Regional) Funds, $109,000 of Measure W (Local) Funds, and $970,610 of City Storm Water Capital Project Funds, for a total budget of $3,245,247.
RECOMMENDATION
Staff respectfully recommends the City Council approve the Design Professional Consultant Services Agreement with m6 Consulting, Inc. for construction engineering services related to the Low Flow Storm Drain Diversion Project.
Attachments
m6 Agreement for Low Flow Diversion CE Services-2026.pdf
REPORT TO CITY COUNCIL
DATE: MAY 13, 2026
TO: HONORABLE MAYOR AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
FROM: NATHAN HAMBURGER, CITY MANAGER
BY:
AMY BRINK, DIRECTOR OF COMMUNITY SERVICES
STEPHANIE POZOS, MANAGEMENT ANALYST
SUBJECT:
APPROVE AGREEMENT FOR CONTRACTOR SERVICES, WITH RAY-MAC PAINTING, INC., FOR
PAINTING SERVICES AT MORRISON PARK
In the City’s ongoing effort to maintain clean, well-kept, and welcoming restroom facilities for park users, the Morrison Park restroom building, which has been in service for over 20 years, is also in need of exterior improvements to restore its appearance and prepare the surface for the installation of a donor recognition wall. Due to its age and exposure to the elements, the structure has experienced wear and discoloration, making these improvements necessary to enhance both aesthetics and longevity.
To improve the building’s condition and ensure it is suitable for the donor wall, maintenance work is required on the exterior surfaces. The proposed work includes:
Installing new stucco to create a smooth, updated exterior finish.
Installing stacked stone on select exterior wall areas to enhance visual interest and durability.
Repainting the building exterior to brighten its appearance and provide a clean, updated backdrop appropriate for the donor wall installation.
These improvements support the City’s ongoing efforts to maintain and enhance public facilities, while also preparing the site for community recognition features.
Staff requested quotes from qualified contractors, and Ray-Mac Painting, Inc. provided the most competitive proposal and demonstrated strong qualifications. Based on these factors, staff determined they are well suited to complete the services.
The proposed Agreement has been reviewed by the City Attorney and approved as to form.
FISCAL IMPACT
The cost of this project will be funded through the Los Angeles County Regional Park and Open Space District - Measure A Funds Account 260-4620-6105.00. Adequate funding is available, and the project cost is within the available balance.
RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends the City Council approve the Agreement for Contractor Services, with Ray-Mac Painting, Inc., in the amount of $50,000.
Attachments
Ray-Mac Agreement for Contractor Services.pdf
1 A0130-CCMYR-2026
AGREEMENT FOR CONTRACTOR SERVICES
WITH THE CITY OF AGOURA HILLS
NAME OF CONTRACTOR: Ray-Mac Painting, Inc.
RESPONSIBLE PRINCIPAL OF CONTRACTOR: Attn: Ray McGee
CONTRACTOR'S ADDRESS: 79 Daily Drive, Suite 189
Camarillo, CA, 93010
CITY’S ADDRESS: City of Agoura Hills
30001 Ladyface Court
Agoura Hills, CA 91301
Attn: City Manager
PREPARED BY: Stephanie Pozos
COMMENCEMENT DATE: May 13, 2026
TERMINATION DATE: June 30, 2026
CONSIDERATION: Agreement Price:
Not to Exceed: $50,000/yr
ADDITIONAL SERVICES (Describe Services, Amount, and Approval):
______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Date: _____________ Amount: $____________ Authorized By: _______________ (Not to Exceed 10% of Agreement Price) City Manager
Docusign Envelope ID: 66920A23-A290-8205-8012-0020A452E774 2 A0130-CCMYR-2026
AGREEMENT FOR CONTRACTOR SERVICES BETWEEN
THE CITY OF AGOURA HILLS AND RAY-MAC PAINTING,
INC.
THIS AGREEMENT is made and effective as of May 13, 2026, between the City of Agoura Hills, a municipal corporation ("City") and Ray-Mac Painting, Inc. ("Contractor").
In consideration of the mutual covenants and conditions set forth herein, the parties agree as follows:
1. TERM
This Agreement shall commence on May 13, 2026, and shall remain and continue in effect until tasks described herein are completed, but in no event later than June 30, 2026, unless sooner terminated pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement.
The City may, at its option, extend this Agreement for one additional term of one year upon providing written notice of its intent to extend this Agreement to the Contractor not less than thirty (30) days prior to the expiration of the initial Term. Such extension shall be at the same price and conditions as set forth herein and shall be processed by an Amendment to this Agreement and signed by both parties.
2. SERVICES
Contractor shall perform the services and tasks described and set forth in Exhibit A, attached hereto and incorporated herein as though set forth in full. Contractor shall complete the tasks according to the schedule of performance which is also set forth in Exhibit A.
3. PERFORMANCE
In meeting its obligations under this Agreement, Contractor shall at all times faithfully and competently perform all tasks described herein in a manner satisfactory to CITY and consistent with that level of care and skill ordinarily exercised by members of the profession currently practicing in the same locality under similar conditions.
4. PREVAILING WAGES
A. Prevailing wages are required on all CITY agreements involving construction, design, and preconstruction phases of construction (including, but not limited to, inspection and land surveying work), and maintenance (except for janitorial or security guards) for work on CITY property.
B. Pursuant to the provisions of Section 1773 of the Labor Code of the State of California, the City Council has obtained the general prevailing rate of per diem wages and the general rate for holiday and overtime work in this locality for each craft, classification, or type of workman needed to execute by this Contractor from the Director of the Department of Industrial Relations. Copies may be obtained from the California Department of Industrial Relations Internet website at http://www.dir.ca.gov. Contractor shall provide a copy of prevailing wage rates to any staff or subcontractor hired, and shall Docusign Envelope ID: 66920A23-A290-8205-8012-0020A452E774 3 A0130-CCMYR-2026
pay the adopted prevailing wage rates as a minimum. Contractor shall comply with the provisions of Sections 1773.8, 1775, 1776, 1777.5, 1777.6, and 1813 of the Labor Code.
Pursuant to the provisions of 1775 of the Labor Code, Contractor shall forfeit to the City, as a penalty, the sum of $50.00 for each calendar day, or portion thereof, for each laborer, worker, or mechanic employed, paid less than the stipulated prevailing rates for any work done under this Agreement, by him or by any subcontractor under him, in violation of the provisions of the Agreement.
5. PAYMENT
A. The City agrees to pay Contractor monthly, in accordance with the payment rates and terms and the schedule of payment as set forth in Exhibit B, Payment Rates and Schedule, attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference as though set forth in full, based upon actual time spent on the above tasks. Any terms in Exhibit B other than the payment rates and schedule of payment are null and void. This amount shall not exceed Fifty Thousand Dollars and Zero Cents ($50,000.00) (“Agreement Price”) for the initial Term of the Agreement unless additional payment is approved as provided in this Agreement.
The City Manager may approve additional work up to ten percent (10%) of the amount of the Agreement. Any additional work in excess of this amount shall be approved by the City Council.
B. Contractor shall not be compensated for any services rendered in connection with its performance of this Agreement which are in addition to those set forth herein, unless such additional services are authorized in advance and in writing by the City Manager. Contractor shall be compensated for any additional services in the amounts and in the manner as agreed to by the City Council and Contractor at the time City's written authorization is given to Contractor for the performance of said services.
C. Contractor shall submit invoices monthly for actual services performed. Invoices shall be submitted between the first and fifteenth business day of each month, for services provided in the previous month. Payment shall be made within thirty (30) days of receipt of each invoice as to all non-disputed fees. If the City disputes any of Contractor's fees, it shall give written notice to Contractor within thirty (30) days of receipt of an invoice of any disputed fees set forth on the invoice. For all reimbursements authorized by this Agreement, Contractor shall provide receipts on all reimbursable expenses in excess of Fifty Dollars ($50) in such form as approved by the Director of Finance.
6. SUSPENSION OR TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT WITHOUT CAUSE A. The City may at any time, for any reason, with or without cause, suspend or terminate this Agreement, or any portion hereof, by serving upon the Contractor at least ten (10) days prior written notice. Upon receipt of said notice, the Contractor shall immediately cease all work under this Agreement, unless the notice provides otherwise. If the City suspends or terminates a portion of this Agreement, such Docusign Envelope ID: 66920A23-A290-8205-8012-0020A452E774 4 A0130-CCMYR-2026
suspension or termination shall not make void or invalidate the remainder of this Agreement.
B. In the event this Agreement is terminated pursuant to this Section, the City shall pay to Contractor the actual value of the work performed up to the time of termination, provided that the work performed is of value to the City. Upon termination of the Agreement pursuant to this Section, the Contractor will submit an invoice to the City pursuant to Section entitled “PAYMENT” herein.
7. DEFAULT OF CONTRACTOR
A. The Contractor's failure to comply with the provisions of this Agreement shall constitute a default. In the event that Contractor is in default for cause under the terms of this Agreement, City shall have no obligation or duty to continue compensating Contractor for any work performed after the date of default and can terminate this Agreement immediately by written notice to the Contractor. If such failure by the Contractor to make progress in the performance of work hereunder arises out of causes beyond the Contractor's control, and without fault or negligence of the Contractor, it shall not be considered a default.
B. If the City Manager or his delegate determines that the Contractor is in default in the performance of any of the terms or conditions of this Agreement, it shall serve the Contractor with written notice of the default. The Contractor shall have ten (10) days after service upon it of said notice in which to cure the default by rendering a satisfactory performance. In the event that the Contractor fails to cure its default within such period of time, the City shall have the right, notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to terminate this Agreement without further notice and without prejudice to any other remedy to which it may be entitled at law, in equity or under this Agreement.”
8. OWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS
A. Contractor shall maintain complete and accurate records with respect to sales, costs, expenses, receipts and other such information required by City that relate to the performance of services under this Agreement. Contractor shall maintain adequate records of services provided in sufficient detail to permit an evaluation of services. All such records shall be maintained in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and shall be clearly identified and readily accessible. Contractor shall provide free access to the representatives of City or its designees at reasonable times to such books and records, shall give City the right to examine and audit said books and records, shall permit City to make transcripts therefrom as necessary, and shall allow inspection of all work, data, documents, proceedings and activities related to this Agreement. Such records, together with supporting documents, shall be maintained for a period of three (3) years after receipt of final payment.
B. Upon completion of, or in the event of termination or suspension of this Agreement, all original documents, designs, drawings, maps, models, computer files containing data generated for the work, surveys, notes, and other documents prepared in the course of providing the services to be performed pursuant to this Agreement shall Docusign Envelope ID: 66920A23-A290-8205-8012-0020A452E774 5 A0130-CCMYR-2026
become the sole property of the City and may be used, reused or otherwise disposed of by the City without the permission of the Contractor. With respect to computer files containing data generated for the work, Contractor shall make available to the City, upon reasonable written request by the City, the necessary computer software and hardware for purposes of accessing, compiling, transferring and printing computer files.
9. INDEMNIFICATION
Contractor shall defend, indemnify, and hold the City, its officials, officers, employees, agents and independent contractors serving in the role of City officials, and volunteers (collectively “Indemnitees”) free and harmless from any and all claims, demands, causes of action, proceedings, costs, expenses, liabilities, losses, damages or injuries, in law or equity, to property or persons, including wrongful death (collectively “Claims”), in any manner arising out of or incident to any acts or omissions of Contractor, its officials, officers, employees, agents or subcontractors in connection with the performance of this Agreement, including without limitation the payment of all consequential damages, attorneys’ fees, and other related costs and expenses, except for such Claims arising out of the sole negligence or willful misconduct of the Indemnitees.
With respect to any and all such Claims, Contractor shall defend Indemnitees at Contractor’s own cost, expense, and risk and shall pay and satisfy any judgment, award, or decree that may be rendered against Indemnitees. Contractor shall reimburse Indemnitees for any and all legal expenses and costs incurred by each of them in connection therewith or in enforcing the indemnity herein provided. Contractor’s obligation to indemnify shall not be restricted to insurance proceeds, if any, received by Contractor or Indemnitees. All duties of Contractor under this Section shall survive termination of this Agreement.
10. INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS
Prior to commencement of work, Contractor shall procure, provide, and maintain, at Contractor’s own expense, for the duration of this Agreement, insurance against claims for injuries to persons or damages to property, which may arise from or in connection with the performance of the work hereunder by the Contractor, its agents, representatives, or employees.
A. Minimum Scope of Insurance. Coverage shall be at least as broad as:
1) Insurance Services Office Commercial General Liability form No. CG 00 01 11 85 or 88, or equivalent.
2) Insurance Services Office Business Auto Coverage form CA 00 01 06 92, or equivalent, covering Automobile Liability, code 1 (any auto). If the Contractor owns no automobiles, a non-owned auto endorsement to the General Liability policy described above is acceptable.
3) Worker's Compensation insurance as required by the State of California and Employer's Liability Insurance. If the Contractor has no employees while Docusign Envelope ID: 66920A23-A290-8205-8012-0020A452E774 6 A0130-CCMYR-2026
performing under this Agreement, worker's compensation insurance is not required, but Contractor shall execute a declaration that it has no employees.
B. Minimum Limits of Insurance. Contractor shall maintain limits no less than:
1) General Liability: $1,000,000 per occurrence for bodily injury, personal injury and property damage, including without limitation, blanket contractual liability. If Commercial General Liability Insurance or other form with a general aggregate limit is used, either the general aggregate limit shall apply separately to this project/location or the general aggregate limit shall be twice the required occurrence limit. 2) Automobile Liability: $1,000,000 per accident for bodily injury and property damage for all activities of the Contractor arising out of or in connection with work to be performed under this Agreement, including coverage for any owned, hired, non-owned or rental vehicles.
3) Worker's Compensation as required by the State of California; Employer's Liability: One million dollars ($1,000,000) per accident for bodily injury or disease.
C. Deductibles and Self-Insured Retentions. Any deductibles or selfinsured retentions must be declared to and approved by the City Manager. At the option of the City Manager, either the insurer shall reduce or eliminate such deductibles or selfinsured retentions as respects the City, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers; or the Contractor shall procure a bond guaranteeing payment of losses and related investigations, claim administration and defense expenses.
D. Requirements Not Limiting. Requirements of specific coverage features or limits contained in this Section are not intended as a limitation on coverage, limits or other requirements, or a waiver of any coverage normally provided by any insurance. Specific reference to a given coverage feature is for purposes of clarification only as it pertains to a given issue and is not intended by any party or insured to be all inclusive, or to the exclusion of other coverage, or a waiver of any type. If the Vendor maintains higher limits than the minimums shown above, the Agency requires and shall be entitled to coverage for the higher limits maintained by the Vendor. Any available insurance proceeds in excess of the specified minimum limits of insurance and coverage shall be available to the Agency.
E. Other Insurance Provisions. The general liability and automobile liability policies are to contain, or be endorsed to contain, the following provisions:
1) The City, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers are to be covered and named as additional insureds in respect to: liability arising out of activities performed by or on behalf of the Contractor; products and completed operations of the Contractor; premises owned, occupied or used by the Contractor; or automobiles owned, leased, hired or borrowed by the Contractor. The coverage shall contain no Docusign Envelope ID: 66920A23-A290-8205-8012-0020A452E774 7 A0130-CCMYR-2026
special limitations on the scope of protection afforded to the City, its officers, officials, employees or volunteers.
2) For any claims related to this project, the Contractor's insurance coverage shall be primary insurance as respects the City, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers. Any insurance or self-insured maintained by the City, its officers, officials, employees or volunteers shall be excess of the Contractor's insurance and shall not contribute with it.
3) Any failure to comply with reporting or other provisions of the policies including breaches of warranties shall not affect coverage provided to the City, its officers, officials, employees or volunteers.
4) The Contractor's insurance shall apply separately to each insured against whom claim is made or suit is brought, except with respect to the limits of the insurer's liability.
5) Each insurance policy required by this clause shall be endorsed to state that coverage shall not be suspended, voided, canceled by either party, reduced in coverage or in limits except after thirty (30) days' prior written notice has been given to the City. Contractor agrees to oblige its insurance agent or broker and insurers to provide City with a thirty (30) day notice of cancellation (except for nonpayment for which a ten (10) day notice is required) or nonrenewal of coverage for each required coverage.
6) Waiver of subrogation. All insurance coverage maintained or procured pursuant to this Agreement shall be endorsed to waive subrogation against the City, its elected or appointed officers, agents, officials, employees, and volunteers or shall specifically allow Contractor or others providing insurance evidence in compliance with these specifications to waive their right of recovery prior to a loss. Contractor hereby waives its own right of recovery against the City and shall require similar written express waivers and insurance clauses from each of its subcontractors.
F. Acceptability of Insurers. Insurance is to be placed with insurers with a current A.M. Best's rating of no less than A:VII, unless otherwise acceptable to the City.
Self insurance shall not be considered to comply with these insurance requirements.
G. Verification of Coverage. Contractor shall furnish the City with original endorsements, specifically naming the City of Agoura Hills, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers as additional insured, effecting coverage required by this clause.. The endorsements are to be signed by a person authorized by that insurer to bind coverage on its behalf. The endorsements are to be on forms acceptable to the City. Insurance certificates and endorsements must be received and approved by City’s Risk Manager prior to commencement of performance. Current insurance certificates and endorsements shall be kept on file with the City at all times during the term of this Agreement. City reserves the right to require complete, certified copies of all required insurance policies, at any time.
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H. Mailing Instructions. Insurance documents shall be mailed with the signed Agreement to the attention of the staff person indicated on the cover sheet of this Agreement, to the City of Agoura Hills, 30001 Ladyface Court, Agoura Hills, CA 91301.
Executed Agreement(s) cannot be released nor may any work commence on a project until the signed Agreement and appropriate insurance documents are on file with the City Clerk.
11. INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR
A. Contractor is and shall at all times remain as to the City a wholly independent Contractor. The personnel performing the services and tasks under this Agreement on behalf of Contractor shall not be City employees and shall at all times be under Contractor's exclusive direction and control. Contractor and all of Contractor’s personnel shall possess the qualifications, permits, and licenses required by state and local law to perform the services and tasks under this Agreement, including, without limitation, a City business license as required by the Agoura Hills Municipal Code. Contractor shall determine the means, methods, and details by which Contractor’s personnel will perform the services and tasks. Contractor shall be solely responsible for the satisfactory work performance of all personnel engaged in performing the services and tasks, and compliance with the customary professional standards. Neither City nor any of its officers, employees, agents, or volunteers shall have control over the conduct of Contractor or any of Contractor's officers, employees, or agents.
B. Contractor shall not at any time or in any manner represent that it or any of its officers, employees, or agents are in any manner officers, employees, or agents of City. Contractor and Contractor’s personnel shall not supervise any of City’s employees; and City’s employees shall not supervise Contractor’s personnel. Contractor’s personnel shall not wear or display any City uniform, badge, identification number, or other information identifying such individual as a City employee; and Contractor’s personnel shall not use any City e-mail address or City telephone number in the performance of any of the services and tasks under this Agreement. Contractor shall acquire and maintain at its sole cost and expense such vehicles, equipment, and supplies as Contractor’s personnel require to perform any of the services and tasks required by this Agreement. Contractor shall perform all services and tasks off of City premises at locations of Contractor’s choice, except as otherwise may from time to time be necessary in order for Contractor’s personnel to receive projects from City, review plans on file at City, pick up or deliver any work product related to Contractor’s performance of any services and tasks under this Agreement, or as may be necessary to inspect or visit City locations and/or private property to perform the services and tasks. City may make a computer available to Contractor from time to time for Contractor’s personnel to obtain information about, or to check on, the status of projects pertaining to the services and tasks performed under this Agreement. Contractor shall not incur or have the power to incur any debt, obligation or liability whatever against City, or bind City in any manner.
C. No employee benefits shall be available to Contractor in connection with the performance of this Agreement. Except for the fees paid to Contractor as provided in the Agreement, City shall not pay salaries, wages, or other compensation to Contractor for performing services and tasks hereunder for City. City shall not be liable for Docusign Envelope ID: 66920A23-A290-8205-8012-0020A452E774 9 A0130-CCMYR-2026
compensation or indemnification to Contractor for injury or sickness arising out of performing services and tasks hereunder. Contractor shall be responsible for and pay all salaries, wages, benefits and other amounts due to Contractor’s personnel in connection with their performance of the services and tasks under this Agreement, and as required by law. Contractor shall be responsible for all reports and obligations respecting such additional personnel, including, but not limited to, Social Security taxes, other retirement or pension benefits, income tax withholding, unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and workers' compensation insurance. Notwithstanding any other agency, state, or federal policy, rule, regulation, statute, or ordinance to the contrary, Contractor and any of its officers, employees, agents, and subcontractors providing any of the services and tasks under this Agreement shall not become entitled to, and hereby waive any claims to, any wages, salaries, compensation, benefit, or any incident of employment by City, including, but not limited to, eligibility to enroll in, or reinstate to membership in, the California Public Employees Retirement System (“PERS”) as a City employee, and entitlement to any contribution to be paid by City for employer contributions or employee contributions for PERS benefits.
D. Contractor shall indemnify and hold harmless City and its elected officials, officers, employees, servants, designated volunteers, and agents serving as independent contractors in the role of City officials, from any and all liability, damages, claims, costs, and expenses of any nature to the extent arising from, caused by, or relating to Contractor’s personnel practices, or to the extent arising from, caused by, or relating to the violation of any of the provisions of this Section. In addition to all other remedies available under law, City shall have the right to offset against the amount of any fees due to Contractor under this Agreement any amount due to City from Contractor as a result of Contractor’s failure to promptly pay to City any reimbursement or indemnification arising under this Section. This duty of indemnification is in addition to Contractor’s duty to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless as set forth in any other provision of this Agreement.
12. PERS COMPLIANCE AND INDEMNIFICATION
A. General Requirements. The parties acknowledge that City is a local agency member of PERS, and as such has certain pension reporting and contribution obligations to PERS on behalf of qualifying employees. Contractor agrees that, in providing its employees and any other personnel to City to perform the services and tasks under this Agreement, Contractor shall assure compliance with the Public Employees’ Retirement Law, commencing at Government Code Section 20000, the regulations of PERS, and the Public Employees’ Pension Reform Act of 2013, as amended. Without limitation to the foregoing, Contractor shall assure compliance with regard to personnel who have active or inactive membership in PERS and to those who are retired annuitants and in performing this Agreement shall not assign or utilize any of its personnel in a manner that will cause City to be in violation of the applicable retirement laws and regulations.
B. Indemnification. Contractor shall defend (with legal counsel approved by City, whose approval shall not be unreasonably withheld), indemnify, and hold harmless City, and its City and its elected officials, officers, employees, servants, designated Docusign Envelope ID: 66920A23-A290-8205-8012-0020A452E774 10 A0130-CCMYR-2026
volunteers, and agents serving as independent contractors in the role of City officials, from any and all liability, damages, claims, costs and expenses of any nature to the extent arising from, caused by, or relating to Contractor’s violation of any provisions of this Section. This duty of indemnification is in addition to Contractor’s duty to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless as set forth in any other provision of this Agreement.
13. LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES
The Contractor shall keep itself informed of all local, State and Federal ordinances, laws and regulations which in any manner affect those employed by it or in any way affect the performance of its service pursuant to this Agreement. The Contractor shall at all times observe and comply with all such ordinances, laws and regulations. The City, and its officers and employees, shall not be liable at law or in equity occasioned by failure of the Contractor to comply with this section.
14. RELEASE OF INFORMATION
A. All information gained by Contractor in performance of this Agreement shall be considered confidential and shall not be released by Contractor without City's prior written authorization. Contractor, its officers, employees, agents or subcontractors, shall not without written authorization from the City Manager or unless requested by the City Attorney, voluntarily provide declarations, letters of support, testimony at depositions, response to interrogatories or other information concerning the work performed under this Agreement or relating to any project or property located within the City. Response to a subpoena or court order shall not be considered "voluntary" provided Contractor gives City notice of such court order or subpoena.
B. Contractor shall promptly notify City should Contractor, its officers, employees, agents or subcontractors be served with any summons, complaint, subpoena, notice of deposition, request for documents, interrogatories, request for admissions or other discovery request, court order or subpoena from any party regarding this Agreement and the work performed there under or with respect to any project or property located within the City. City retains the right, but has no obligation, to represent Contractor and/or be present at any deposition, hearing or similar proceeding. Contractor agrees to cooperate fully with City and to provide City with the opportunity to review any response to discovery requests provided by Contractor. However, City's right to review any such response does not imply or mean the right by City to control, direct, or rewrite said response.
15. NOTICES
Any notices which either party may desire to give to the other party under this Agreement must be in writing and may be given either by: (i) personal service, (ii) delivery by a reputable document delivery service, such as but not limited to, Federal Express, that provides a receipt showing date and time of delivery, or (iii) mailing in the United States Mail, certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, addressed to the address of the party as set forth below or at any other address as that party may later designate by Notice. Notice shall be effective upon delivery to the addresses Docusign Envelope ID: 66920A23-A290-8205-8012-0020A452E774 11 A0130-CCMYR-2026
specified below or on the third business day following deposit with the document delivery service or United States Mail as provided above.
To City: City of Agoura Hills
30001 Ladyface Court
Agoura Hills, California 91301
Attention: City Manager
To Contractor: Ray-Mac Painting, Inc.
79 Daily Drive, Suite 189
Camarillo, CA 93010
Attn: Ray McGee, Operations Manager
(805)857-5308
16. ASSIGNMENT
The Contractor shall not assign the performance of this Agreement, nor any part thereof, nor any monies due hereunder, without prior written consent of the City.
Upon termination of this Agreement, Contractor's sole compensation shall be payment for actual services performed up to, and including, the date of termination or as may be otherwise agreed to in writing between the City Council and the Contractor.
17. LICENSES
At all times during the term of this Agreement, Contractor shall have in full force and effect, all licenses required of it by law for the performance of the services described in this Agreement.
18. GOVERNING LAW
The City and Contractor understand and agree that the laws of the State of California shall govern the rights, obligations, duties and liabilities of the parties to this Agreement and also govern the interpretation of this Agreement. Any litigation concerning this Agreement shall take place in the municipal, superior, or federal district court with geographic jurisdiction over the City of Agoura Hills. In the event such litigation is filed by one party against the other to enforce its rights under this Agreement, the prevailing party, as determined by the Court's judgment, shall be entitled to reasonable attorney fees and litigation expenses for the relief granted.
19. PROHIBITED INTEREST
No officer, or employee of the City of Agoura Hills shall have any financial interest, direct or indirect, in this Agreement, the proceeds thereof, the Contractor, or Contractor’s subcontractors for this project, during his/her tenure or for one year thereafter. The Contractor hereby warrants and represents to the City that no officer or employee of the City of Agoura Hills has any interest, whether contractual, noncontractual, financial or otherwise, in this transaction, or in the business of the Contractor or Contractor’s subcontractors on this project. Contractor further agrees to notify the City Docusign Envelope ID: 66920A23-A290-8205-8012-0020A452E774 12 A0130-CCMYR-2026
in the event any such interest is discovered whether or not such interest is prohibited by law or this Agreement.
20. EXHIBITS
Exhibits A and B constitute a part of this Agreement and are incorporated into this Agreement by this reference. If any inconsistency exists or arises between a provision of this Agreement and a provision of any exhibit, the provisions of this Agreement shall control.
21. ENTIRE AGREEMENT
This Agreement contains the entire understanding between the parties relating to the obligations of the parties described in this Agreement. All prior or contemporaneous Acontrgreements, understandings, representations and statements, oral or written, are merged into this Agreement and shall be of no further force or effect.
Each party is entering into this Agreement based solely upon the representations set forth herein and upon each party's own independent investigation of any and all facts such party deems material.
22. AMENDMENT OF AGREEMENT
This Agreement may be amended only by a writing signed by both parties.
The City Manager is authorized to sign an Amendment to this Agreement on the City Council’s behalf and without the City Council’s prior approval to make the following nonsubstantive modifications to the Agreement: (a) name changes; (b) extensions of time that do not result in monetary changes; (c) non-monetary changes in the scope of work; and (d) termination of the Agreement. All monetary changes to this Agreement require City Council approval.
23. AUTHORITY TO EXECUTE THIS AGREEMENT
The person or persons executing this Agreement on behalf of Contractor warrants and represents that he or she has the authority to execute this Agreement on behalf of the Contractor and has the authority to bind Contractor to the performance of its obligations hereunder. In lieu of a handwritten or wet signature from the Contractor, the City may electronically process and execute this Agreement and request that the Contractor sign the Agreement electronically via DocuSign or similar electronic signature software.
24. COUNTERPARTS
This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, all such executed counterparts shall constitute the same Agreement, and the signature of any party to any counterpart shall be deemed a signature to, and may be appended to, any other counterpart.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed the day and year first above written.
CITY OF AGOURA HILLS
Jeremy Wolf,
Mayor
ATTEST:
Kimberly M. Rodrigues, MMC
City Clerk
Date Approved by City Council: _______________
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
Candice K. Lee,
City Attorney
CONTRACTOR
Ray-Mac Painting, Inc.
79 Daily Drive, Suite 189
Camarillo. CA 93010
(805)857-5308
[email protected]
By:
Name:
Title:
By:
Name:
Title:
[Signatures of Two Corporate Officers Required]
Docusign Envelope ID: 66920A23-A290-8205-8012-0020A452E774 Ray McGee
Sec/tres
Kathleen Mcgee
CEO
14 A0130-CCMYR-2026
EXHIBIT A
TASKS TO BE PERFORMED
The specific elements (scope of work) of this service include:
The maintenance work to be performed under this Contract shall consist of furnishing all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured articles for the work. It shall also include the furnishing of all transportation and services, including fuel, power, and essential communications, and for the performance of all labor, work, or other operations required for the fulfillment of the Contract in strict accordance with the Contract documents.
Contractor shall provide re-painting and stucco services, and installation of stacked stone for the City of Agoura Hills – Morrison Park Restroom building (29909 Forest Cove Ln, Agoura Hills, CA 91301) and other City facilities as requested by City. The limits of the work will be restricted to areas as determined by City Staff. The contractor shall confirm said areas with City Staff prior to commencement of work. Any work done that is not approved by City staff shall be at the Contractor’s expense, and no additional compensation will be provided by the City. The stucco system shall be durable and suitable for long-term exterior use. The contractor shall ensure and guarantee that the installed stucco is capable of supporting the installation of donor wall plaques and butterfly elements without failure.
Under the direction of the Director of Community Services or designee, Contractor shall Provide re-painting and stucco services to the City of Agoura Hills – Morrison Park Restroom and other City facilities as requested by City. The work shall include, but not be limited to, surface preparation, primer, application of two coats of paint, and final clean-up. The contractor shall also secure the work area as needed to prevent public access and contact with wet paint, stucco, materials, and equipment.
Contractor shall provide City Staff with written quote for job requested, including estimated time duration and staffing resources to complete the requested project.
Contractor will be required to provide paint and stone samples for City Staff to determine final paint color(s) and stone to be used.
Work Hours
Contractor shall coordinate the work to minimize disruptions to operations. Standard business hours are Monday to Friday, 7:00am to 5:00pm.
Cost Proposal/Estimate attached.
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EXHIBIT B
PAYMENT RATES AND SCHEDULE
COST PROPOSAL/ESTIMATE ATTACHED.
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REPORT TO CITY COUNCIL
DATE: MAY 13, 2026
TO: HONORABLE MAYOR AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
FROM: NATHAN HAMBURGER, CITY MANAGER
BY: ROBBY NESOVIC, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DIRECTOR
SUBJECT:
CONDUCT A PUBLIC HEARING TO CONSIDER THE ADOPTION OF A RESOLUTION APPROVING A
GENERAL PLAN AMENDMENT TO REVISE THE TABLE OF CONTENTS AND THE SAFETY ELEMENT (CHAPTER 5, COMMUNITY SAFETY) WITH THE UPDATED MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD
MITIGATION PLAN, THE ADOPTED EVACUATION PLAN, AND THE UPDATED EVACUATION ANALYSIS (CASE NO. GPA-2024-0007) AND MAKE FINDINGS OF EXEMPTION UNDER THE
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
The City of Agoura Hills (City) is part of the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments (COG). The COG is a Joint Powers Authority representing Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village, and nearby unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County District 3. The COG unites these cities to address regional concerns, maximize resources, and advocate for shared interests.
The COG prepared a Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) dated June 13, 2024, which provides a framework and guidance for dealing with disasters within the COG region. The MJHMP was subsequently adopted by each of the COG cities, including the City of Agoura Hills on August 28, 2024, as required by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The adoption of a local hazard mitigation plan that has been approved by FEMA allows the COG cities to receive FEMA mitigation project grants, and it is a FEMA requirement that the local hazard mitigation plan be updated every five years to be eligible for those funds.
Assembly Bill 747, approved in 2019, added a new section to the California Government Code (§65302.15).
Assembly Bill 1409, approved in 2021, further amended Government Code §65302.15 to require that, in pertinent part, “Upon the next revision of a local hazard mitigation plan…the safety element adopted pursuant to subdivision (g) of Section 65302 shall be reviewed and updated as necessary to identify evacuation routes and their capacity, safety, and viability and evacuation locations under a range of emergency scenarios.” Prior to the adoption of the amended MJHMP on August 28, 2024, staff reviewed the City’s Safety Element and determined that pursuant to Government Code §65302.15, an evacuation analysis was warranted. Staff provided the project scope and requested a proposal to conduct an evacuation analysis (Evacuation Analysis) to our contracted traffic engineering firm, Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. (Kimley-Horn). On September 10, 2024, the City accepted Kimley-Horn’s proposal to conduct an Evacuation Analysis that captures all applicable state requirements. Immediately following the approval of Kimley-Horn’s proposal, the City began work on the Evacuation Analysis and related updates to the General Plan Safety Element and the Table of Contents to accommodate the Evacuation Analysis, the updated MJHMP, recent updates to the City’s Fire Hazard Severity Zones, and compliance with State Government Code § 65302.15, which is collectively “the Project”.
On March 27, 2025, the Project was reviewed by the Land Use & Economic Development Subcommittee (LUEDC) during a public meeting to provide staff with feedback. Kimley-Horn and City staff revised the Evacuation Analysis to address comments from the LUEDC, and the Project was brought before the Planning Commission at the regularly scheduled meeting on May 1, 2025. The Evacuation Analysis presented during this meeting assessed two “worst case” wildfire scenarios occurring in the early morning with a short-notice evacuation, with one fire originating north of the City and the other originating from the south. Staff and Kimley-Horn determined these to be the worst-case scenarios from a roadway capacity perspective because the population of the City would be at its highest since nearly all residents would be at home and evacuating simultaneously.
During the meeting on May 1, 2025, staff received feedback from the public and the Planning Commission. In general, the actionable feedback can be categorized as follows:
1. Consider incorporating an emergency scenario involving the evacuation of residences, large business, and schools during midday on a non-holiday weekday while children are in school;
2. Address public safety communication strategies both during emergencies and during evacuation planning efforts that include cooperation between the City, school districts and neighboring jurisdictions;
3. Re-evaluate the number of cars per household evacuating from Old Agoura due to the need for some households to evacuate large animals.
Following the Planning Commission meeting on May 1, 2025, and based on the feedback received from the Planning Commission, staff issued an additional task order to Kimley-Horn to include two additional wildfire evacuation scenarios and a qualitative analysis for additional disaster types that may require evacuation, including storm, tsunami, and earthquake events. The revised Evacuation Analysis is attached to this report and incorporates an additional scenario while children are in school and adds an increased Passenger Car Equivalent (PCE) factor to Old Agoura. The amended Evacuation Analysis and related Safety Element update were also distributed to the California Board of Forestry and Fire Protection (BOF), the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE), Los Angeles County Fire Department (LACFD), local Fire Department Station 89, Ventura County Office of Emergency Services, and the California Geological Survey.
On March 10, 2026, the BOF, specifically the Resource Protection Subcommittee, met during a public meeting to review and provide feedback on the Project. The Resource Protection Committee found that both the Safety Element update and the Evacuation Analysis meet all statutory requirements (see attached Resource Protection Committee Formal Review Letter).
On April 16, 2026, the Planning Commission conducted a duly noticed public hearing where they considered the Project. After reviewing all project materials including the staff report and supplemental materials, and after listening to staff's presentation and public testimony, the Planning Commission approved Planning Commission Resolution No. 26-1319, recommending the City Council approve the Project.
STAFF ANALYSIS
To ensure compliance with Government Code §65302.15, the Evacuation Analysis identifies evacuation routes and analyzes their capacity, safety, and viability and evacuation locations under a range of emergency scenarios.
Section 3 of the Evacuation Analysis discusses methodology and assumptions used while preparing the technical report. Based on the FEMA National Risk Index (see Appendix A of the Evacuation Analysis), wildfires were found to be the most significant risk to the City of Agoura Hills. The Evacuation Analysis is therefore focused on an analysis of wildfire hazards among a range of evacuation scenarios.
Based on CAL FIRE data, the Agoura Hills Community Wildfire Risk Assessment, and Woolsey After Action Report, it was determined that most fires originate northeast of the City and spread to the southwest. This is why three out of four scenarios in the Evacuation Analysis originate northeast of the City. Scenario 4 was added to the Evacuation Analysis following the Planning Commission meeting on May 1, 2025, and to provide a comprehensive analysis, one scenario of fire originating to the south was also analyzed. In summary, the following four scenarios were analyzed:
Scenario 1: Wildfire originating northeast of Agoura Hills at night prompting an immediate All-at-Once mandatory evacuation.
Scenario 2: Wildfire originating south of Agoura Hills at night prompting an immediate All-at-Once mandatory evacuation.
Scenario 3: Wildfire originating northeast of Agoura Hills at night with a phased voluntary and mandatory evacuation.
Scenario 4: Wildfire originating northeast of Agoura Hills during the daytime while schools are in session with a phased voluntary and mandatory evacuation.
For all of the above scenarios, the emergency is assumed to be a large scale “worst-case” scenario with weather conditions most likely to trigger a wildfire. All scenarios would take place on a weekday, when more people are in the City compared to a weekend.
The existing Evacuation Plan splits the City into nine sectors and uses those sectors to identify the routes that people can use to evacuate from each area. The Evacuation Analysis evaluates the same nine sectors in the Evacuation Plan and identifies likely evacuation routes and evacuation locations. The analysis places the final segment of all evacuation routes along the US-101 freeway, which is administered by Caltrans. Therefore, the US101 is defined as the ultimate “Evacuation Gateway”, which would be the route used by evacuees to reach their final evacuation location. Based on the existing roadway network and historical evacuation data from the Woolsey Fire, it is known that people would also evacuate to other gateways outside the City. To obtain conservative data for the roadway capacity analysis, the study assumes all routes evacuate to gateways within the City (US-101).
Roadway capacity is defined as the maximum hourly rate by which vehicles can reasonably traverse a point or section of roadway during a given time based on expected conditions. Baseline roadway capacity is 1,900 vehicles per hour per lane, therefore, the capacity for each of the City’s roadways under normal conditions can be calculated by multiplying the number of lanes by 1,900 vehicles per hour. For the purposes of the analysis, a capacity reduction factor was applied for each scenario as choke points are likely to occur along evacuation routes.
For the nighttime scenarios, a capacity reduction factor of 0.9 was applied to the capacity per lane, or 1,710 vehicles per hour per lane. For the daytime scenario, a conservative capacity reduction factor of 0.7 was applied to account for the fact that there are additional non-evacuating vehicles on the roadway during the daytime.
Therefore, the daytime capacity was reduced to 1,330 vehicles per hour per lane.
Table 1 - Hourly Roadway Capacity
*vphpl = Vehicles per Hour per Lane
An important indicator in determining capacity for evacuating vehicles is the volume to capacity (V/C) ratio. When the volume exceeds the capacity, the ratio would exceed 1.0. This indicates there are more people seeking to use a road than there is available capacity within a given hour. A roadway V/C ratio that exceeds 1.0 indicates a segment of evacuation that would likely take over one hour.
Section 4 of the Evacuation Analysis evaluates each scenario and compares the volume of population evacuating to the capacity of the roadway segments along each evacuation route. To ensure that volume and capacity estimates are as conservative as possible and based on a worst-case scenario, the following data points are included in the model in the Evacuation Analysis:
An additional volume factor was applied to Kanan Road south of the US-101 to account for the additional vehicles traveling into the City from Malibu in addition to City residents. An additional background traffic volume of 900 vehicles per hour was added to the daytime evacuation scenario and a background traffic volume of 100 vehicles per hour was added to the nighttime evacuation scenario. This data was based on recent traffic counts.
The existing Evacuation Plan identifies that Sector 3 would evacuate northbound along Kanan Road through Oak Park. However, the Evacuation Analysis assumes that all Sector 3 residents would evacuate southbound along Kanan to the Kanan Road evacuation gateway to establish a worst-case scenario demand of available roadway capacity during a city-wide evacuation.
The existing Evacuation Plan identifies that Sector 8 would evacuate to Liberty Canyon Road but the Evacuation Analysis analyzes a portion of Sector 8 residents evacuating to the Palo Comado evacuation gateway.
The model estimates a full buildout of the City’s General Plan and Housing Element.
Hotel rooms are assumed at 100% occupancy with 1 car per hotel room.
A vehicle ownership rate of two vehicles per household was multiplied by the number of existing and future dwelling units to determine the number of vehicles evacuating each sector.
In Sector 4, which includes Old Agoura, a Passenger Car Equivalent (PCE) factor of 2.5 is applied to account for the fact that many residents would evacuate with larger vehicles, including using trailers to evacuate animals. The PCE factor is applied to 10% of the evacuating vehicles based on a conservative estimate that 1 in 5 households in Old Agoura will evacuate with one larger vehicle, such as a trailer.
During nighttime scenarios, 100% of residents are presumed to be at home.
The Evacuation Analysis predicts evacuation traffic volumes from Oak Park and Santa Monica Mountains residents.
Sanitized Replica origin-destination cellular phone data was obtained to estimate the population of nonresidents in Agoura Hills, which includes those here for employment or recreation purposes, with one car assumed per person.
The daytime scenario (Scenario 4) assumes voluntary evacuation beginning at 10 AM and continuing until 12 PM and mandatory evacuation beginning at 12 PM and continuing until all evacuations are complete by 2 PM. The evacuation scenario occurs while all children are in school (Oak Park and Agoura Hills) and all businesses are open.
Scenario 4 assumes that children will be picked up by parents at a rate of 1 parent for every 2 children, with trips to and from the school.
The percentage of households evacuated during the voluntary evacuation period is based on actual data from the Woolsey Fire.
As shown in Section 4 of the Evacuation Analysis, even under the worst-case conditions, the majority of evacuation routes in the City have a V/C ratio of under 1.0, meaning that the roadway capacity is more than sufficient to accommodate the anticipated demand. The following roadway segments were shown to have a V/C ratio over 1.0.
Table 2 - Roadway Segments with V/C Over 1.0
In addition to the capacity analysis, State Government Code § 65302.15 requires that local agencies evaluate the safety and viability of evacuation routes. Using the California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) Evacuation Planning Technical Advisory (Technical Advisory), the Evacuation Analysis determined whether each evacuation route was both “safe” and “viable” in each of the four scenarios.
Per the Technical Advisory, an evacuation route is determined to be “safe” if it does not face an increased risk of becoming inaccessible or unsafe due to hazardous conditions, such as structural failure, route inundation, falling debris, and limited visibility. All evacuation routes were determined to be safe in all scenarios because they have continuous paved surfaces, generally contain roadway shoulders, and lack any physical barriers such as gates, which could impact evacuation. Potential impacts to roadways including bridge structural failure, route inundation, and falling debris have not historically impacted evacuation routes during wildfire events within the City.
To assess whether each evacuation route is viable, the Technical Advisory states that local agencies should determine whether current transportation infrastructure and services can reasonably enable populations to leave an area at risk and/or reach temporary areas of refuge under a range of emergency scenarios. The Evacuation Analysis determined that all evacuation routes are viable, as they reasonably enable populations to leave areas of risk and reach evacuation locations through the US-101 gateway. Furthermore, by identifying roadway segments with V/C ratios above 1.0, the Evacuation Analysis allows the City to focus current and future evacuation planning efforts on increasing the capacity of those segments or reducing the volume of vehicles that travel through those segments.
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES FOR QUICKER EVACUATION Section 5 of the Evacuation Analysis contains possible implementation measures that could be used to increase the capacity of the segments with a V/C ratio above 1.0 and allow residents to evacuate more quickly. One potential strategy would be to implement counterflow operations and use the bicycle lane to accommodate additional vehicles on certain southbound segments of Kanan Road and Reyes Adobe Road. Counterflow operations are when the direction of a lane is switched to provide additional roadway capacity for the direction of evacuation and away from the wildfire. For the roadway segments noted in Table 2 above, one northbound lane could be converted to a southbound lane, increasing capacity. To successfully implement counterflow operations, the City would coordinate with incident command, traffic control officers and other emergency officials and agencies that could deploy traffic control devices, signage, and cones to quickly designate counterflow lanes.
Tables 8 and 9 on Page 43 of the Evacuation Analysis contain a capacity analysis for segments with a V/C ratio over 1.0 if temporary capacity enhancements are implemented, including counterflow and using the bike lane on Kanan Road. With these temporary capacity enhancements, only three segments of southbound Kanan Road would have a V/C ratio over 1.0 during Scenario 1, and only one segment of Kanan Road would have a V/C ratio over 1.0 during the voluntary phase of Scenario 4.
It is important to note that the capacity analysis in Tables 8 and 9 (counterflow analysis) still models a worst-case scenario where the populations of Sector 3 and Oak Park all utilize southbound Kanan Road with two vehicles per household. It does not account for additional measures that will be taken by the City, emergency personnel, and evacuating individuals to avoid portions of Kanan Road where possible, which would reduce the actual volume of vehicles utilizing more burdened roadway segments.
Additional implementation measures that could effectively reduce the volume of vehicles on certain roadway segments as needed during mandatory evacuation periods include the following:
Provide early notification through established communication systems when high hazard events are forecasted to promote public preparedness, thereby increasing the number of vehicles that evacuate during voluntary evacuation periods;
Facilitate early voluntary evacuation prior to mandatory or all-at-once evacuation to decrease demand on roadways;
Continue to implement the City’s public education campaign to ensure that everyone knows their evacuation zone and potential evacuation routes;
Plan to station emergency personnel at key intersections, such as the intersection of Kanan Road and Thousand Oaks Boulevard and others, to redirect vehicles towards roadways with more capacity (based on the nature of the emergency), and to more efficiently direct traffic towards the US-101 gateway; Help to promote and facilitate early evacuation of Old Agoura, particularly owners with horses or livestock.
EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROTOCOL AND INCIDENT COMMAND
When evaluating any evacuation planning document, it is important to fully understand the City’s role during an evacuation. The Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Office or the Los Angeles County Fire Department (LACFD) are the agencies with the authority to order an evacuation and conduct emergency efforts directly related to an incident.
The decision is made by the established Incident Commander for the emergency in consultation with all relevant law enforcement agencies.
All components of emergency response, including the establishment of a local Emergency Operations Center (EOC), is managed in accordance with the National Incident Management System (NIMS), which is a standardized approach to emergency management developed by the United States Department of Homeland Security.
Furthermore, California law gives the authority to law enforcement to restrict access to any area where a menace to public health or safety exists. It is not the role of a local EOC to put up traffic control or restrict access to specific areas. This means that the ultimate decision on whether to implement certain traffic control measures, including counterflow, is at the discretion of Incident Command, not the local EOC.
During an emergency, the City Manager has the authority to activate the City’s EOC. The City’s EOC does not manage the emergency itself. Instead, it supports the incident by coordinating resources, interagency communication, and communication with the public. Below are some broad examples of the role of the City’s EOC.
Resource coordination: Facilitating transportation, shelter, and logistics support.
Information management: Collecting and sharing situational awareness with City leadership and the public.
Policy decisions: Declaring local emergencies, issuing citywide directives, and supporting continuity of government.
Interagency liaison: Coordination with county, state, and federal partners.
Supporting on‑scene operations: Ensuring Incident Command has what it needs (equipment, personnel, facilities).
OUTREACH AND COORDINATION
Following the Planning Commission meeting on May 1, 2025, the City allocated additional budget resources to the Project and completed the updated Evacuation Analysis in December of 2025. On December 26, 2025, the City distributed the updated Evacuation Analysis and the updated Safety Element to the LACFD, the local Fire Department Station (Station 89), the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection (BOF), CAL FIRE, and the California Geological Survey (California Department of Conservation).
CAL FIRE is the administrative arm of the BOF. Soon after the distribution of the Project documents, City staff began working with CAL FIRE to address their comments, which were mostly minor grammatical notes on the Safety Element. On January 14, 2026, Fire Captain Joe Kennedy from CAL FIRE provided the City with an informal assessment that explains in detail how the City’s updated Safety Element and Evacuation Analysis meet all statutory requirements.
Following the completion of CAL FIRE’s informal review on January 14, 2026, the Project was placed on the agenda for formal review by the BOF’s Natural Resources Committee on March 10th. At the meeting, the BOF’s Natural Resources Committee noted how thorough the City’s Safety Element update and Evacuation Analysis were. Furthermore, the Committee remarked that the City’s Safety Element update and the Evacuation Analysis, were “one of the best they have ever reviewed” and found that the Project meets all statutory requirements.
Since the evacuation plan would impact neighboring communities in Ventura County and to encourage interagency coordination, City staff also notified the Ventura County Office of Emergency Services (VCOES) of the BOF hearing and the Planning Commission meeting, and forwarded all project materials to them for review and comment. City staff has spoken with VCOES staff regarding the Project but has not received any formal comment regarding the Evacuation Plan or Safety Element. The VCOES did provide a recommendation regarding the City’s Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP), which is not the subject of this report.
RELATED EVACUATION PLANNING EFFORTS
The catalyst for this Project was the adoption of the MJHMP on August 24, 2024, and the requirement that local agencies update their Safety Element to identify evacuation routes and their capacity, safety, and viability and evacuation locations under a range of emergency scenarios. For that reason, the Evacuation Analysis associated with this Project is primarily focused on providing a targeted analysis that satisfies all statutory requirements, but it will also provide long-term value for the City when conducting other related evacuation planning efforts. Below is a list of other evacuation planning documents that have already been completed or are currently under way, and how they relate to this Project.
City Evacuation Plan Created in 2020 and updated in 2022 Developed through a collaborative multi-agency process
Clarifies roles and responsibilities of participating agencies Identifies evacuation and traffic management strategies Establishes communication protocols
Used for the Project to predict evacuation routes, with limited exceptions City Emergency Operations Plan Adopted 2023
Addresses the City of Agoura Hills planned response to extraordinary emergency situations associated with natural disasters, technological incidents, and national security emergencies Focuses specifically on operations and operational concepts established under the California Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) and the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
Helps to understand the City’s role in evacuation response MJHMP adopted by the City in August of 2024
Established by all participating cities in the Las Virgenes Malibu Council of Governments to provide for a more thorough, regional hazard mitigation plan
Allows for collaboration and more effective use of resources Meets FEMA requirements and allows participating members to apply for mitigation grants The goals of the plan are to protect life, property, and the environment, increase public awareness, facilitate regional partnership and implementation, and establish emergency management processes Used to develop the Evacuation Plan and is adopted by reference in the Safety Element MJHMP required to be updated every 5 years to remain eligible for grants Community Wildfire Risk Assessment (CWRA) completed in September 2025 Provides the technical analysis used to understand potential wildfire hazards, risks and vulnerabilities across Agoura Hills
Serves as the basis for government agencies, community organizations, residents and other stakeholders to develop targeted mitigation activities, programs and policies to help increase resiliency to wildfire threats in the future
Engaged many stakeholders in the process of developing the CWRA, including the LACFD District 7, LACFD Forestry Division, Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, Mountain Recreation & Conservation Authority (MRCA), Agoura Hills Fire Safe Council, Southern California Edison, Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy, Agoura Hills Fire Safe Council, California State Parks Service, and the National Park Service
The CWRA was completed while the Project was in progress, and it helped to augment the Evacuation Analysis
Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) - In process
Using the insight from the CWRA, provides a clear, community-informed roadmap to reduce wildfire risk and strengthen the City’s long-term resilience
Outlines practical strategies to help the City, partner agencies, homeowners’ associations, and residents prepare for, mitigate against, respond to, and recover from wildfire events Engages the same stakeholders as described in the CWRA
Will use the Evacuation Analysis to refine mitigation strategies
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT (CEQA) REVIEW
The Project will not result in a direct or reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment, as its contents are limited to identifying evacuation routes, analyzing their capacity, safety, and viability, and providing recommendations, as described above. The recommendations and activities in the Evacuation Analysis are limited to specific signal timing plans, counterflow operations, and alternate evacuation routes, none of which involve physical improvements. Therefore, the Project is exempt from the application of CEQA pursuant to the following regulations:
State CEQA Guidelines §15262: Feasibility and Planning Studies because the Evacuation Analysis involves only a feasibility study which may lead to possible future actions, which the City has not approved, adopted, or funded.
State CEQA Guidelines §15269: Emergency Projects because the Evacuation Analysis’ recommendations involve specific actions necessary to prevent or mitigate an emergency.
State CEQA Guidelines §15301: Existing Facilities [Class 1], because the Evacuation Analysis’ recommendations involve the operation of existing public facilities involving no expansion of existing or former use.
State CEQA Guidelines §15061(b)(3): The Safety Element textual updates will not result in a direct or reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment, as the amendment is limited to textual changes that do not involve any physical improvements. Therefore, it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the Amendment to the General Plan Safety Element would have a significant effect on the environment. For these reasons, these activities are exempt from the application of CEQA under the common sense exemption (State CEQA Guidelines §15061(b)(3)).
For the reasons noted above, the Project is exempt from CEQA.
FINDINGS
The City’s General Plan is subject to update or amendment if studies, public interest, and development policies and/or practices indicate such amendments to be in the best interests of the public health, safety and general welfare. The City of Agoura Hills initiated a General Plan Amendment (Case No. GPA-2024-0007) to update the Table of Contents and Chapter 5 Community Safety (Safety Element) to ensure consistency with State law, including but not limited to Government Code Section 65302.15. The Project improves the City's emergency preparedness and is internally consistent with all General Plan goals and policies.
FISCAL IMPACT
Funds have been allocated in the City’s Fiscal Year 2025-26 Budget to pay for all consultant costs associated with the Project under account number 260-4505-5520. The Project will not have any impact on the City’s 2025-26 Budget.
RECOMMENDATION
Staff respectfully recommends the City Council adopt Resolution No. 26-2129 approving a General Plan amendment to revise the table of contents and the Safety Element (Chapter 5, Community Safety) with the updated Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, the adopted Evacuation Plan, and the updated Evacuation Analysis (Case No. GPA-2024-007) and make findings of exemption under the California Environmental Quality Act.
Attachments
Planning Commission Resolution No. 26-1319.pdf
Draft City Council Resolution No. 26-2129.pdf
Agoura Hills Draft Evacuation Analysis.pdf
General Plan Introduction Text Amendment Redline.pdf
Safety Element Text Amendment Redline.pdf
Board of Forestry and Fire Protection Formal Review Letter.pdf Agoura Hills Resolution 24-2080 Adopting LVMCOG MJHMP.pdf 2024 LVMCOG Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan.pdf Notice of Exemption.pdf
1 RESOLUTION NO. 26-2129
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
AGOURA HILLS APPROVING A GENERAL PLAN
AMENDMENT TO AMEND THE SAFETY ELEMENT
(CHAPTER 5, COMMUNITY SAFETY) TO INCLUDE AN
UPDATED EVACUATION ANALYSIS, EVACUATION PLAN,
AND THE UPDATED 2024 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD
MITIGATION PLAN, AND REVISE THE TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACCORDINGLY, AND MAKE OTHER MINOR TEXTUAL
REVISIONS TO THE SAFETY ELEMENT (CASE NO. GPA2024-0007), AND MAKE FINDINGS OF EXEMPTION UNDER
THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF AGOURA HILLS HEREBY FINDS, RESOLVES, AND ORDERS AS FOLLOWS:
Section I. On May 12, 1993, the City Council of the City of Agoura Hills adopted the City of Agoura Hills General Plan as the guide for physical development in the City.
A general plan is the general, long-range policy guide adopted by local agencies to enable coordinated, adjusted, and harmonious development pursuant to state law (Government Code Section 65300 et seq.).
Section II. On March 24, 2010, the City Council of the City of Agoura Hills adopted the City of Agoura Hills General Plan 2035 approving General Plan Amendment Case No. 10-GPA-001 and certified a Final Program Environmental Impact Report (FEIR) that assessed the potential environmental impacts from implementation of the City of Agoura Hills General Plan 2035 and related General Plan Amendment.
Section III. Pursuant to Government Code Section 65356(a), the legislative body shall adopt or amend a General Plan by resolution, which resolution shall be adopted by the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the total membership of the legislative body.
Section IV. The City’s General Plan is subject to update or amendment if study, public interest, and development policies and/or practices indicate such amendments to be in the best interests of the public health, safety and general welfare. The City of Agoura Hills initiated a General Plan Amendment (Case No. GPA-2024-0007) to update the Table of Contents and Chapter 5 Community Safety (Safety Element) to ensure consistency with State law, including but not limited to Government Code Section 65302.15.
Section V. The City of Agoura Hills has initiated a legislative action to adopt a Resolution approving General Plan Amendment Case Number GPA-2024-0007, which amends the General Plan as follows:
2 1. Update the text and exhibits within the Safety Element as depicted in Exhibit A of the attached Draft City Council Resolution, summarized as follows:
a. Amend the text of the Safety Element to incorporate by reference the 2024 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan and update related text;
b. Amend the text of the Safety Element to remove or revise outdated text; c. Add text to note additional statutory requirements, particularly regarding Government Code § 65302.15;
d. Replace Exhibit S-4 with the most current Fire Hazard Severity Zone map and update related text;
e. Add the Evacuation Analysis and Evacuation Plan as Appendices to the General Plan; and
f. Add text incorporating by reference the Evacuation Analysis and Evacuation Plan.
2. Update the Table of Contents of the General Plan to add Appendix B (Evacuation Analysis) and Appendix C (Evacuation Plan) to the list of appendices.
Section VI. The Planning Commission of the City of Agoura Hills considered the Project at a regularly scheduled public hearing held on April 16, 2026, at 6:00 p.m. The public hearing was held in-person in the City Council Chambers. Members of the public were given the opportunity to present statements and provide materials to the Planning Commission both in-person and electronically. Notice of the time, date, means of participation in, and purpose of the aforesaid hearing was duly given and published as required by state law. After closing the public hearing, the Planning Commission considered all supporting documentation including the staff report and written and oral comments and recommended the Agoura Hills City Council approve the Project.
Section VII. The City Council of the City of Agoura Hills considered the Project at a regularly scheduled public hearing held on May 13, 2026, at 6:00 p.m. The public hearing was held in-person in the City Council Chambers. The members of the public were given the opportunity to present statements and provide materials to the Planning Commission both in-person and electronically. Notice of the time, date, means of participation in, and purpose of the aforesaid hearing was duly given and published as required by state law.
Section VIII. Evidence, both written and oral, including the staff report and supporting documentation, was presented to and considered by the City Council at the aforementioned publichearing.
Section IX. The Project is consistent with and furthers the General Plan’s goals and policies by increasing the City’s evacuation preparedness and complying with state law.
Section X. CEQA. The Project will not result in a direct or reasonably 3 foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment, as its contents are limited to identifying evacuation routes, analyzing their capacity, safety, and viability, and providing recommendations, as described above. The recommendations and activities in the Evacuation Analysis are limited to specific signal timing plans, counterflow operations, and alternate evacuation routes, none of which involve physical improvements. Therefore, the Project is exempt from the application of CEQA pursuant to the following regulations:
1. State CEQA Guidelines §15262: Feasibility and Planning Studies because the Evacuation Analysis involves only a feasibility study which may lead to possible future actions, which the City has not approved, adopted, or funded.
2. State CEQA Guidelines §15269: Emergency Projects because the Evacuation Analysis’ recommendations involve specific actions necessary to prevent or mitigate an emergency.
3. State CEQA Guidelines §15301: Existing Facilities [Class 1], because the Evacuation Analysis’ recommendations involve the operation of existing public facilities involving no expansion of existing or former use.
4. State CEQA Guidelines §15061(b)(3): The Safety Element textual updates will not result in a direct or reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment, as the amendment is limited to textual changes that do not involve any physical improvements. Therefore, it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the Amendment to the General Plan Safety Element would have a significant effect on the environment. For these reasons, these activities are exempt from the application of CEQA under the common sense exemption (State CEQA Guidelines §15061(b)(3)).
For the reasons noted above, the Project is exempt from CEQA.
Section XI. Based on the aforementioned findings, the City Council of the City of Agoura Hills hereby adopts a Resolution of the City Council of the City of Agoura Hills approving a general plan amendment to revise the table of contents and the Safety Element (Chapter 5, Community Safety) with the updated Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, the adopted evacuation plan, and the updated evacuation analysis (Case No. GPA-2024-007) and make findings of exemption under the California Environmental Quality Act.
Section XII. The City Clerk shall certify to the passage, approval, and adoption of this resolution, and shall cause this resolution and its certification to be entered in the Book of Resolutions of the City Council of the City.
4 PASSED, APPROVED, and ADOPTED this ___ day of ___, 2026, by the following vote to wit:
AYES: ( )
NOES: ( )
ABSTAIN: ( )
ABSENT: ( )
Jeremy Wolf, Mayor
Kimberly M. Rodrigues, City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
Candice K. Lee, City Attorney
5 EXHIBIT “A”
EVACUATION ANALYSIS
6 EXHIBIT “B”
GENERAL PLAN TEXT AMENDMENTS
EVACUATION ANALYSIS
DECEMBER 2025
PREPARED FOR: CITY OF AGOURA HILLS
DRAFT
CITY OF AGOURA HILLS
AGOURA HILLS, CALIFORNIA
Draft Final Report for
EVACUATION ANALYSIS
December 2025
DRAFT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 2
2. Purpose and Need ...................................................................................................................... 3
2.1. Purpose: Compliance with California Government Code Sections ....................................... 3
2.2. Need: Evacuation Analysis ................................................................................................. 3
3. Evacuation Analysis – Methodology and Assumptions ................................................................. 4
3.1. Emergency Scenarios ......................................................................................................... 4
3.2. Evacuation Locations ........................................................................................................ 10
3.3. Evacuation Routes and their Capacity, Safety, and Viability .............................................. 10
4. Citywide Evacuation Modeling Analysis ..................................................................................... 23
4.1. Evacuation Analysis for Scenario 1 ................................................................................... 23
4.2. Evacuation Analysis for Scenario 2 ................................................................................... 27
4.3. Evacuation Analysis for Scenario 3 ................................................................................... 30
4.4. Evacuation Analysis for Scenario 4 ................................................................................... 35
4.5. Evacuation Analysis for Storm, Tsunami, and Earthquake Scenarios ................................ 40
5. Implementation Measures ......................................................................................................... 42
5.1. Temporary Roadway Capacity Enhancements .................................................................. 42
5.2. Additional Implementation Measures................................................................................. 47
5.3. Policy and Program Implementations ................................................................................ 48 DRAFT
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1. INTRODUCTION
The City of Agoura Hills is updating the Safety Element of the City of Agoura Hills’ General Plan. Recent State legislation, including Assembly Bill 747 (AB 747) and Assembly Bill 1409 (AB 1409) created new requirements for local agencies to adhere to in their Safety Element or Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. The requirements are further discussed below.
California Government Code (GC) Section 65302 describes the purpose of a safety element to protect communities from unreasonable risks associated with natural events such as floods, fires, and geologic hazards. The Safety Element is required to address evacuation planning under applicable climate and nonclimate stressors that could lead to an emergency scenario. This Evacuation Analysis provides an analysis of multiple evacuation scenarios to comply with the recent state legislation.
As mentioned, recent legislation requires the City to update its Safety Element as follows:
· AB 747, approved in 2019, added GC 65302.15 and requires that upon the next revision of a local hazard mitigation plan on or after January 1, 2022, the safety element shall be updated to identify evacuation routes and their capacity, safety, and viability under a range of evacuation scenarios.1 · AB 1409, approved in 2021, amended GC Section 65302.15 and requires that the safety element be updated to identify evacuation locations.2
As part of the Safety Element update, the City of Agoura Hills (City) conducted an Evacuation Analysis to identify and assess multiple evacuation routes that were likely to be utilized in the event of a natural hazard, which may take the form of a climate stressor (e.g. wildfire, flooding, drought, extreme heat, etc.) or nonclimate stressor (e.g. earthquake, tsunami, etc.).
This analysis includes a range of emergency scenarios, including four wildfire scenarios, three with the hazard area to the northeast, and one with the hazard area to the south. Two of the scenarios analyzed a “worst-case” scenario, which is defined as a natural wildfire event with a short-notice mandatory evacuation for all individuals at once. Two of the scenarios analyzed a phased evacuation in which a voluntary evacuation warning is issued followed by a mandatory evacuation order for all individuals in the city. The analyzed scenarios are as follows:
· Scenario 1: All-at-Once nighttime wildfire originating northeast of Agoura Hills · Scenario 2: All-at-Once nighttime wildfire originating south of Agoura Hills · Scenario 3: Phased nighttime wildfire originating northeast of Agoura Hills · Scenario 4: Phased daytime wildfire originating northeast of Agoura Hills The emergency scenarios are described in Section 3.1, the evacuation locations are described in Section
3.2, and the evacuation routes are described in Section 3.3. The methodology for assessing the capacity, safety, and viability of evacuation routes is described in Section 3.3 and the analysis is described in Section
4. Implementation measures are provided as a conclusion of the report in Section 5, which offer methods to reduce roadway and evacuation route congestion, and evacuation strategies that consider vulnerable population groups.
1 Assembly Bill 747 - https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB747 2 Assembly Bill 1409 - https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1409 DRAFT
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2. PURPOSE AND NEED
Recent legislation including AB 747 and AB 1409 created and amended California Government Code sections related to evacuation analysis, including GC section 65302.15. A summary of the requirements to be reflected in the City’s Safety Element is shown below.
2.1. Purpose: Compliance with California Government Code Sections The project’s Purpose is to comply with California Government Code Section 65302.15 as described below:
California Government Code Section 65302.15
California GC 65302.15 requires the following:
a) Upon the next revision of a local hazard mitigation plan, adopted in accordance with the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390), on or after January 1, 2022, or, if a local jurisdiction has not adopted a local hazard mitigation plan, beginning on or before January 1, 2022, the safety element adopted pursuant to subdivision (g) of Section 65302 shall be reviewed and updated as necessary to identify evacuation routes and their capacity, safety, and viability and evacuation locations under a range of emergency scenarios. A county or city that has adopted a local hazard mitigation plan, emergency operations plan, or other document that fulfills commensurate goals and objectives may use that information in the safety element to comply with this section and, in that event, shall summarize and incorporate into the safety element that other plan or document.
b) After the initial revision of the safety element pursuant to subdivision (a), the planning agency shall review and, if necessary, revise the safety element upon each revision of the housing element or local hazard mitigation plan, but not less than once every eight years, to identify new information relating to flood and fire hazards and climate adaptation and resiliency strategies applicable to the city or county that was not available during the previous revision of the safety element. (Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 481, Sec. 1. (AB 1409) Effective January 1, 2022.) Satisfying the criteria within California GC Section 65302.15 will also meet standards set in AB 747 and AB 1409.
2.2. Need: Evacuation Analysis
In order to comply with GC 65302.15, an evacuation analysis was conducted. This report was prepared to comply with GC 65302.15, addressing the requirements in AB 747 and AB 1409.
This analysis includes a range of emergency scenarios, including two wildfire scenarios, one during daytime when workers are in the City and children are at school, and one during nighttime, when all residents are at home.
During an emergency evacuation, residents, workers, and school children may evacuate to identified evacuation locations based on the emergency event. The City of Agoura Hills, in coordination with other official emergency personnel such as the Los Angeles County Fire Department and Sheriff’s Department, may direct evacuees to identified locations outside of the hazard area. For example, if a natural hazard were to occur in the northern portion of the City, evacuees may be directed to evacuation locations in the south of the City. Whereas if a natural hazard occurred in the southern portion of the City, evacuees may be directed to evacuation locations in the north of the City. Evacuation locations may consist of nearby churches, school buildings, City administrative facilities, community centers, parks, or hotels.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Other evacuation locations may include homes of friends and family members, as well as locations designated by evacuation personnel in nearby communities. To model a worst-case scenario evacuation event, this analysis assumes that all individuals will be evacuating the City and will utilize designated evacuation gateways, which are defined as on-ramps to the US-101 freeway, to reach an evacuation location outside of Agoura Hills.
The capacity, safety, and viability of evacuation routes are analyzed in Section 4. The evacuation routes were found to be safe and viable based on the available capacity of the roadway segments compared to the demand. For evacuation routes where the evacuation demand exceeds the available capacity, the City will implement additional implementation measures during evacuations, as described in Section 5.1.
3. EVACUATION ANALYSIS – METHODOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONS
This study identifies evacuation routes and their capacity, safety, and viability and evacuation locations under a range of emergency scenarios, per the requirements in GC 65302.15.
This study was conducted based on the guidance in the CAL OPR Evacuation Planning Technical Advisory (Technical Advisory). The Technical Advisory offers recommendations related to planning frameworks that California cities and communities may utilize during Safety Element updates. Due to the varied nature of each California community and city, the Technical Advisory provides general recommendations on evacuation planning, identification of evacuation routes and how to analyze their capacity, safety, and viability, and example implementation programs. This analysis referenced the Technical Advisory to establish a framework for methodology, assumptions, and recommendations.
In order to comply with GC 65302.15 requirements, this evacuation analysis identifies the appropriate emergency scenarios, evacuation locations, and evacuation routes. The elements are described in the following sections:
· Section 3.1: Emergency Scenarios
· Section 3.2: Evacuation Locations
· Section 3.3: Evacuation Routes and their Capacity, Safety, and Viability
3.1. Emergency Scenarios
This analysis evaluates a range of emergency scenarios as required by GC 65302.15. Emergency scenarios vary depending on the potential hazard.
3.1.1. Potential Hazards
The Safety Element of the General Plan requires cities to address a variety of hazards including fires, floods, seismic risks, landslides, climate change impacts, and dam failure. The Technical Advisory notes that in order to determine the appropriate hazards to analyze, cities should review historical events as well as projected hazards.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides an online dataset, the National Risk Index, to illustrate the community risk against 18 natural hazards. The National Risk Index establishes a baseline for risk based on unique community risk indicators and historical data. As determined by the risk index rating and national percentiles, wildfires were found to be the most significant risk to the City of Agoura Hills. The FEMA Risk Index is shown in Appendix A.
The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection publishes recommended Local Responsibility Areas and respective fire hazard severity zones within them. CAL FIRE classifies several zones within the DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 City of Agoura Hills as a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone, as shown in red on Figure 1. This analysis is therefore focused on an analysis of fire hazards among a range of evacuation scenarios.
In addition to wildfires, other types of disasters such as earthquakes and storms, have historically impacted the City of Agoura Hills and may impact the City in the future. This study includes an assessment of additional evacuation types including storm, tsunami, and earthquake events. A qualitative analysis for these hazards is included in Section 4.5.
DRAFT
City and County boundaries as of 10/22/24 (CA Board of Equalization) CAL FIRE State Responsibility Areas (SRA25_1)
CAL FIRE Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZSRA23_3, FHSZLRA_25_1) Data Sources:
Daniel Berlant, State Fire Marshal, CA Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Joe Tyler, Director/Fire Chief, CA Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Wade Crowfoot, Secretary for Natural Resources, CA Natural Resources Agency The State of California and the Department of Forestry and Fire Gavin Newsom, Governor, State of California Protection make no representations or warranties regarding the accuracy of data or maps. Neither the State nor the Department shall be liable under any circumstances for any direct, special, incidental, or consequential damages with respect to any claim by any user or third party on account of, or arising from, the use of data or maps. and other relevant factors including areas where winds
have been identified by the Office of the State Fire Marshal as a major cause of wildfire spread.
statewide criteria and based on the severity of fire hazard that is expected to prevail in those areas. Moderate, high, and very high fire hazard severity zones shall be based on fuel loading, slope, fire weather, Government Code section 51178 requires the State Fire
Marshal to identify areas in the state as moderate, high, and very high fire hazard severity zones based on consistent Waterbody
Federal Responsibility
Area (FRA)
Unzoned LRA
Incorporated City
Projection: NAD 83 California Teale Albers
Scale: 1:32,000 at 11" x 17"
Km 0 1 2
Mi 0 1
Very High
Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ) in Local Responsibility Area (LRA), as Identified by the State Fire Marshal
Agoura Hills
101
UNINCORPORATED
LOS ANGELES CO.
UNINCORPORATED
VENTURA CO.
CALABASAS
THOUSAND OAKS
WESTLAKE
VILLAGE
L O S A N G E L E S C O . V E N T U R A C O .
V E N T U R A
C O .
March 24, 2025
As Identified by the
State Fire Marshal
Local Responsibility Area
Fire Hazard Severity Zones
CITY OF AGOURA HILLS – LOS ANGELES COUNTY
Fire Hazard Severity Zones in State Responsibility
Area (SRA), Effective April 1, 2024
Very High High Moderate
Figure 1: CAL FIRE Hazard Severity Zones DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040
3.1.2. Potential Emergency Scenarios
California GC Section 65302.15 requires cities to conduct evacuation analyses for a range of emergency scenarios. The Technical Advisory notes that evacuations will be impacted by a range of factors, including the scale of the emergency, future development scenarios, time of the event (day or night), day of the week (weekday or weekend), time of year, weather conditions, time available to warn populations, population behavior and needs, and whether or not evacuation strategies are implemented.
This evacuation analysis includes an assessment of four emergency scenarios based on the following variables:
· Hazard source location and spread
· Time of day (day or night)
· Time available to warn populations
For all scenarios, the emergency scenario is assumed to be a large scale “worst-case” scenario with weather conditions most likely to trigger a wildfire. All scenarios would take place on a weekday, when more people are in the city compared to a weekend. The analysis included in Sections 4.1 to 4.4 assumes evacuation strategies are not implemented. The analysis included in Section 5 assumes that additional evacuation strategies are implemented.
Hazard Source Location and Spread
In order to determine the appropriate emergency scenarios to analyze, historical wildfire data was analyzed to determine trends regarding the origin and spread of wildfire. Data on historical fire locations was collected from CAL FIRE, the Los Angeles County’s After Action Review of the Woolsey Fire Incident (Woolsey Fire After Action Report), and the City of Agoura Hills Community Wildfire Risk Assessment (CWRA).
CAL FIRE provides historical fire perimeters that represent previous occurrences of local wildfires. Figure 2 displays the areas of the city that have burned in previous wildfires, where each layer represents an individual wildfire that has occurred between 1950-Present. The Woolsey Fire After Action Report was produced by Los Angeles County to detail the timeline of emergency responses to the Woolsey Fire and provide recommendations for future emergencies. The CWRA conducted for the City documented historical wildfires and included statistical analyses of the spread of fires. The CWRA provides for a more informed process to analyze realistic wildfire scenarios that may impact the City.
Based on the CAL Fire data, CWRA and Woolsey After Action Report, it was determined that most fires originate northeast of the city and spread to the southwest. However, in order to provide a comprehensive analysis, an analysis of fire originating to the south was also included. The following fire origin locations were analyzed:
· Wildfire originating northeast of Agoura Hills (Scenarios 1, 3, and 4) · Wildfire originating south of Agoura Hills (Scenario 2) Time of Day (Day or Night)
This analysis includes an evaluation of a wildfire occurring during the nighttime, when all residents are at home, and an evaluation of a wildfire occurring during the daytime, when fewer residents are at home, but workers are in the city and school children are at school.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 · Nighttime emergency (Scenarios 1, 2, and 3)
· Daytime emergency (Scenario 4)
Time Available to Warn Populations
During most emergency scenarios, there are several hours available to warn populations to evacuate.
Typically, voluntary evacuation warnings are issued to some areas of the city, potentially followed by mandatory evacuation orders. However, worst-case scenarios would require an all-at-once mandatory evacuation order to all areas of the City. Therefore, this analysis includes the following two scenarios:
· All-at-once mandatory evacuation order (Scenarios 1 and 2) · Phased evacuation (Scenarios 3 and 4)
In summary, the following four (4) scenarios were analyzed:
· Scenario 1: Wildfire originating northeast of Agoura Hills at night prompting an immediate All-atOnce mandatory evacuation · Scenario 2: Wildfire originating south of Agoura Hills at night prompting an immediate All-at-Once mandatory evacuation
· Scenario 3: Wildfire originating northeast of Agoura Hills at night with a phased voluntary and mandatory evacuation
· Scenario 4: Wildfire originating northeast of Agoura Hills during the daytime with a phased voluntary and mandatory evacuation
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Figure 2: Agoura Hills Historical Fires
Agoura Hills
City Parkland
Medea Creek
Open Space
Braemar
Garden Homes
ountry Club
Estates
Hidden Canyon
Canyon Cove
Oak
Capri
Monte Carlo
Oak Park
Canwood St
Driver Ave
Cornell Rd
Triunfo
Canyon R
Agoura Rd
housand Oaks Blvd
Thousand Oaks Blvd
N9
N9
stlake
ge Golf
ourse
Ladyface
Mountain Open
Space
Westlake
Village
Saratoga Hills
Agoura Hills
Las
Virgen
Chese bro
Rd
Agoura Rd
Peacock Ridge
Open Space
Abrams Open
Space
Esri, NASA, NGA, USGS, FEMA, County of Los Angeles, California State Parks, Esri, TomTom, Garmin, SafeGraph, GeoTechnologies, Inc, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS, USDA, USFWS DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040
3.2. Evacuation Locations
GC 65302.15 requires cities to identify evacuation locations under a range of emergency scenarios. The Technical Advisory indicates that evacuation locations can be temporary areas of refuge, evacuation centers, and evacuation endpoints.
During an emergency scenario, residents evacuate to a variety of evacuation locations, including local churches, school buildings, City administrative facilities, community centers, parks, and hotels. Additional evacuation locations could include nearby homes of friends and family members, or temporary evacuation centers designated by emergency personnel.
This Evacuation Analysis analyzes worst-case scenarios where the entire city would need to evacuate.
Therefore, evacuation locations are analyzed to be outside the City of Agoura Hills and accessed by the US-101 freeway which runs in an east-west direction through the City. Therefore, the on-ramps to US-101 are defined as evacuation gateways to evacuation locations outside of the City of Agoura Hills.
During certain disasters, and under appropriate evacuation scenarios, public facilities and buildings in the City may be used as temporary shelters when evacuation is not feasible or recommended. For example, students at school and employees at non-residential locations may be directed to shelter-in-place during daytime emergencies. For the purpose of this analysis, all evaluated scenarios assume that all individuals will evacuate the City with no shelter-in-place alternative.
3.3. Evacuation Routes and their Capacity, Safety, and Viability GC 65302.15 requires cities to identify evacuation routes that can be used by people to evacuate to evacuation locations. Additionally, cities must analyze the capacity, safety, and viability of the routes. This section includes the following:
· Section 3.3.1: Evacuation Routes
· Section 3.3.2: Methodology for Capacity Analysis
· Section 3.3.4: Methodology for Safety Analysis
· Section 3.3.5: Methodology for Viability Analysis
· Section 3.3.6: Modeling Assumptions
3.3.1. Evacuation Routes
The City of Agoura Hills Evacuation Plan (2020) identifies the routes that people can use to evacuate from various sectors and zones within the City. The Evacuation Plan is included in Appendix B. The Evacuation Plan split the City into seven zones and nine sectors. For consistency with the Evacuation Plan, this Evacuation Analysis analyzes the City within the same nine sectors. Figure 3 shows the nine (9) evacuation sectors.
Evacuation routes were analyzed between the sectors, which include residential, employment, school, and other land uses, and the evacuation locations. For all evacuation routes, the final segment of the evacuation route to evacuation locations is along the US-101 freeway, which is administered by Caltrans. This study is limited to analyzing the evacuation routes within the City’s right-of-way, so Evacuation Gateways are defined as the on-ramps to US-101 which people can use to access the evacuation locations.
Although the majority of people would evacuate along the designated evacuation route for their sector as described in the Evacuation Plan, a review of alternate evacuation routes was conducted based on proximity between sectors and evacuation gateways and historical evacuation travel routes.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Figure 3: Agoura Hills Evacuation Analysis Sectors
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kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Each sector was assigned to one or multiple evacuation routes based on evacuation routes identified in the Evacuation Plan, proximity to the nearest Evacuation Gateway, and historical routes from the Woolsey Fire.
The gateways, evacuation routes, and sectors assigned to each gateway are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Evacuation Gateways and Evacuation Routes for Each Sector Evacuation Gateway Sectors Evacuated to Gateway and Evacuation Route(s) 1 US-101 On-Ramps at Reyes
Adobe Road (Northbound and
Southbound)
Sector 1: Reyes Adobe Rd via Lake Lindero Dr, Thousand Oaks Blvd, and local streets
Sector 2 (partial): Reyes Adobe Rd via Thousand Oaks Blvd and local streets
Sector 5: Reyes Adobe Rd via Lake Lindero Dr, Canwood St, and local streets
Sector 6 (partial): Reyes Adobe Rd via Thousand Oaks Blvd and local streets
Sector 7: Reyes Adobe Rd via Agoura Rd
2 US-101 On-Ramps at Kanan
Road (two northbound ramps
and two southbound ramps)
Sector 2 (partial): Kanan Rd via Thousand Oaks Blvd, Fountainwood St, Grey Rock Rd, and local streets
Sector 3: Kanan Rd and local streets
Oak Park: Kanan Rd
Santa Monica Mountains: Kanan Rd from the south
Sector 4 (partial): Kanan Rd via Thousand Oaks Blvd or Canwood St and local streets
Sector 6 (partial): Kanan Rd via Thousand Oaks Blvd, Canwood St, and local streets
3 US-101 On-Ramps at Palo
Comado Canyon
Road/Chesebro Road
(Northbound and Southbound)
Sector 4 (partial): Palo Comado Canyon Rd via Colodny Dr, Chesebro Rd, Driver Ave, Canwood St, and local streets
Sector 6 (partial): Palo Comado Canyon Rd via Driver Ave, Canwood St, and local streets
Sector 8 (partial): Dorothy Dr and Chesebro Dr via Agoura Rd, Lewis Rd, Roadside Dr, and local streets
4 US-101 On-Ramps at Liberty
Canyon Road (Northbound and
Southbound)
Sector 8 (partial): Liberty Canyon Rd via Agoura Rd and local streets Sector 9: Liberty Canyon Rd and local streets
1 Based on the existing roadway network and historical data from the Woolsey Fire evacuation, it is known that people would also evacuate to other gateways outside the City. This analysis assumes all evacuate to gateways within the City.
As shown in Table 1, evacuation routes used in this analysis are generally consistent with the routes identified in the Evacuation Plan. A few modifications to the routes were made to provide a conservative analysis to provide worst-case scenario evacuation modeling:
· The Evacuation Plan identifies that Sector 3 would evacuate northbound along Kanan Rd through Oak Park. By doing so, the volume to capacity demand analysis along Kanan Rd is not fully determined as Sector 3 vehicles are directed northbound and out of the City during an evacuation.
This Evacuation Analysis analyzes all Sector 3 residents evacuating southbound along Kanan to the Kanan Road evacuation gateway to establish a worst-case scenario demand of available roadway capacity during a City-wide evacuation.
· The Evacuation Plan identifies that Sector 8 would evacuate to Liberty Canyon Road but this Evacuation Analysis analyzes a portion of Sector 8 residents evacuating to the Palo Comado evacuation gateway. This model adjustment analyzes the demonstrated demand of vehicles volumes present north of and south of each gateway.
The evacuation sectors and their associated evacuation gateways are shown in Figure 4.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Figure 4: Evacuation Sectors and Analyzed Evacuation Gateway DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040
3.3.2. Evacuation Route Capacity Analysis
GC 65302.15 requires cities to identify the capacity of evacuation routes.
Roadway capacity is defined as the maximum hourly rate in which vehicles can reasonably traverse a point or section of roadway during a given time during present roadway conditions, traffic, and control operation.
The baseline roadway capacity is 1,900 vehicles per hour per lane. The capacity for each of the cities roadways under normal conditions can be calculated by multiplying the number of lanes by 1,900 vehicles per hour.
During an evacuation, roadway capacity is restricted compared to normal conditions. During congested periods, there are few gaps in traffic that allow dissipation and substantial queuing occurs. As volumes surpass segment capacity, traffic conditions become significantly congested and choke points are likely to occur along evacuation routes. A nighttime capacity reduction factor of 0.9 is applied to the capacity per lane as modeled evacuees generally represent residents at home. Thus, the capacity of roadways is evaluated using a nighttime capacity of 1,710 vehicles per hour per lane. A daytime capacity reduction factor of 0.7 was applied to account for the fact that there are additional non-evacuating vehicles on the roadway during the daytime. Therefore, the daytime capacity is reduced to 1,330 vehicles per hour per lane. The capacity during nighttime and daytime scenarios are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Hourly Roadway Capacity
# of Lanes
(per direction)
Capacity per
Lane (vphpl)
Reduction
Factor
Total Capacity (# of
outbound vehicles)
Nighttime Capacity (Scenarios 1, 2, and 3)
3 1,900 0.9 5,130
2 1,900 0.9 3,420
1 1,900 0.9 1,710
Daytime Capacity (Scenario 4)
3 1,900 0.7 3,990
2 1,900 0.7 2,660
1 1,900 0.7 1,330
vphpl = Vehicles per Hour per Lane
As shown in Table 2, the evacuation capacity for city roadways range from 1,710 (nighttime) or 1,330 (daytime) vehicles per lane per hour on roads with one lane per direction, such as Driver Avenue and Canwood Street, to 5,130 (nighttime) or 3,990 (daytime) vehicles per hour per lane on roads with three lanes per direction, such as Kanan Road north of US-101 Northbound Ramps, where there are three lanes in the southbound direction. A roadway capacity map is shown in Figure 5.
One of the crucial indicators in determining whether roadways provide sufficient capacity for evacuating vehicles is the volume to capacity (V/C) ratio. This ratio indicates whether there are too many vehicles on the roads compared to what the roads can handle comfortably. · Volume: This refers to the actual number of vehicles evacuating. · Capacity: Capacity represents the maximum number of vehicles that the roadway infrastructure can handle in a given time period, typically one hour.
· Ratio: When the volume exceeds the capacity, the ratio exceeds 1.0. This indicates there are more people seeking to use a road than there is available capacity within a given hour. A roadway V/C ratio that exceeds 1.0 indicates a segment evacuation of just over one hour.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 For each evacuation scenario analyzed in Section 4, the volume of population evacuating is compared with the capacity of the roadway segments along the evacuation route. This determines the volume-to-capacity route along each roadway segment along each route.
The capacity analysis analyzes roadways using their existing capacity in the direction of travel toward the evacuation. Counterflow operation, where switching the direction of lanes that typically serve the opposite direction, may be used on certain roadways during an evacuation to increase roadway capacity and are described in Section 5.1.
An additional volume factor is applied to Kanan Road south of US-101 to account for the additional vehicles that travel along that roadway segment on a typical day during both nighttime and daytime periods. Kanan Road is used by people traveling to and from Malibu in addition to City residents. To account for the typical traffic volumes on the roadway during the evacuation time frames, a background traffic volume of 900 vehicles per hour is added for the daytime evacuation scenario and a background traffic volume of 100 vehicles per hour is added for the nighttime evacuation scenario. The background traffic volumes are based on recent traffic counts along Kanan Road.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Figure 5: City of Agoura Hills Roadway Capacity
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kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040
3.3.3. Evacuation Route Safety Analysis
GC 65302.15 requires cities to identify the safety of evacuation routes. The Technical Advisory provides guidance on how to identify the safety of evacuation routes. The Technical Advisory notes that “structural failure, route inundation, falling debris, and limited visibility are potential safety risks associated with a variety of hazards” and that roadways should be analyzed to determine whether certain routes are more susceptible to hazards than others.
3.3.4. Evacuation Route Viability Analysis
GC 65302.15 requires cities to identify the viability of evacuation routes. The Technical Advisory indicates that viability of evacuation routes can be assessed by determining whether transportation infrastructure can enable populations to evacuation an area. Route viability can be influenced by scenario type, population behavior, evacuation locations, and route capacity and safety. For this analysis, evacuation routes are determined to be viable if the evacuation routes have sufficient capacity and are safe.
3.3.5. Evacuation Analysis Modeling Assumptions
As each natural hazard is different, the nature of each evacuation will vary. This study makes assumptions to allow for an analysis of the four evacuation scenarios impacting all residents of the City and nearby communities. Establishing variables, ranging from human behaviors to the suddenness of events, the following assumptions were made for refinement of the modeling.
This assessment uses evacuation modeling to determine the ability of the City of Agoura Hills’ transportation network to allow sufficient emergency evacuation capacity during a wildfire. Evacuation modeling is a systematic approach used to simulate and plan the movement of people from areas at risk to places of safety. It involves the use of computer-based models and real-world data to predict how individuals and vehicles will respond and move during an evacuation.
Key Components of Evacuation Modeling:
· Geographical Data: Data about the area under threat, including road networks, population density, and hazard zones. This information assists in understanding the physical layout of the region.
· Behavioral Data: Data about how people typically behave during evacuations. This includes factors like the time it takes for individuals to decide to leave, how they choose their evacuation routes, and their preferred modes of transportation.
· Transportation Infrastructure: Understanding the capacity of the roadways, bridges, and public transportation systems is critical.
As described in Section 3.1, this Evacuation Analysis analyzes evacuation scenarios that occur during the nighttime and during the daytime.
Evacuation Population Development (All Scenarios)
Traffic volumes for the four evacuation scenarios were generated based on a multi-step process: Projected vehicle volumes included an analysis of housing data, workplace data, and school data to determine number of residents, hotel occupants, workers, and school children evacuating.
This analysis assumes that the evacuation would consist of every household, hotel room, workplace, and school within the City. Household and vehicle ownership data was pulled from the 2022 5-Year American Community Survey (ACS) for the City of Agoura Hills to estimate the number of vehicles that would be used by residents to evacuate the City.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 The evacuation analysis includes the following additional assumptions:
· The analysis evaluates existing conditions plus a full buildout of the City’s General Plan and Housing Element.
· A vehicle ownership rate of two (2) vehicles per household was multiplied by the number of existing and future dwelling units to determine the number of vehicles in each sector. · Hotel rooms assumed 100% occupancy of total rooms with one (1) car per hotel room. · In Sector 4, which includes Old Agoura, a Passenger Car Equivalent (PCE) factor of 2.5 is applied to account for the fact that many residents would evacuate with larger vehicles, including using trailers to evacuate animals. The PCE factor is applied to 10% of the evacuating vehicles.
Nighttime Population Development (Scenarios 1, 2, and 3) During an emergency scenario that occurs at nighttime, the majority of the population within the City would be residents. For each scenario, all persons are assumed to be at home or in a hotel room. ACS data reports a vehicle ownership rate of two vehicles per household in the City; the model therefore calculates the nighttime evacuation scenarios with two vehicles leaving each household and one vehicle leaving each hotel room. During the nighttime evacuation, no vehicles originate from school sites or places of employment.
In addition to individuals within the City of Agoura Hills, evacuation traffic volumes from Oak Park to the north and the community in the Santa Monica Mountains to the south were accounted for as applicable.
The total number of evacuating vehicles for each scenario is as follows:
· Scenario 1 Nighttime Vehicles: 23,329 vehicles including 17,992 vehicles originating in the City and 5,337 vehicles originating in Oak Park.
· Scenario 2 Nighttime Vehicles: 18,696 vehicles including 17,992 vehicles originating in the City and 704 vehicles originating in the Santa Monica Mountains. · Scenario 3 Nighttime Vehicles: 24,033 vehicles including 17,992 vehicles originating in the City, 5,337 vehicles originating in Oak Park, and 704 vehicles originating in the Santa Monica Mountains. Due to the phased voluntary and mandatory phase, this model evaluates a conservative analysis assuming that residents from all three communities (Agoura Hills, Oak Park, and Santa Monica Mountains) would evacuate.
Daytime Population Development (Scenario 4)
During an emergency scenario that occurs during the daytime, fewer residents would be at home, but workers would be in the city and school children would be at school. Calculations for a weekday daytime evacuation at 10:00 AM assume that children are at school, individuals are at their place of employment (residential or non-residential setting), and the remainder of residents are at home.
To estimate the daytime population, each household was assumed to have one (1) vehicle departing from the household location, based on Replica Fall 2024 data showing that approximately 50% of the population leaves the City between 5:00 AM and 10:00 AM each weekday. The 50% vehicle reduction was also applied to hotels in the City, which is estimated to have one (1) car evacuating for every two (2) rooms in the hotel during the daytime assuming that half of hotel guests are engaging in employment or recreational activities during the day. The vehicles originating from households and hotels were added to the vehicles calculated to be at workplaces and leaving from schools.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 The estimated population that travel into Agoura Hills from outside jurisdictions for daytime employment purposes is determined by Replica origin-destination data. Replica collects cell phone data from a variety of user groups and provides typical commuting times, primary travel mode, trip purpose, and other commuting patterns. The workplace population per sector was estimated using proportions derived from Replica Fall 2024 ‘Work and Home location’ populations provided at the census block group level. One (1) car was assumed for each worker.
The Replica data set is also utilized to approximate the number of public transit commuters that are present within the City of Agoura Hills during a daytime evacuation notice. For the purpose of this study, public transit commuters are assumed to utilize emergency transit services or become passengers in evacuating vehicles. Therefore, additional passenger vehicles representing public transit riders are not applied to the analysis due to their personal vehicles not entering the City.
To calculate vehicles evacuating from school sites, one (1) car for every two (2) enrolled students is assumed to leave from each school in Agoura Hills and Oak Park during an evacuation scenario. Total school enrollment numbers by school were sourced from the California Department of Education’s school profiles. Approximately 75% of vehicles departing from schools were assumed to originate from a location within the City of Agoura Hills, such as an at-home adult traveling from their residence to school to pick up a child; these 75% of vehicles were therefore removed proportionally from the residential population across the City’s nine (9) sectors to ensure they were calculated as evacuating from the sector containing the school location. The remaining 25% of school-departing vehicles were assumed to originate from a location outside the city, adding new vehicles to the model.
For all evacuation scenarios, it is assumed that all individuals and households in the City of Agoura Hills would evacuate. The total number of evacuating vehicles is as follows:
· Daytime vehicles: 20,195 vehicles including 15,975 vehicles originating in the City, 3,868 vehicles originating in Oak Park, and 352 vehicles originating in the Santa Monica Mountains.
Voluntary vs. Mandatory Assumptions (Scenarios 3 and 4) This analysis includes analysis of an all-at-once evacuation scenario (Scenarios 1 and 2) and phased evacuation scenarios (Scenarios 3 and 4). During most disasters, a phased evacuation is implemented, where voluntary evacuation warnings are issued first to a portion of a community, followed by mandatory evacuation orders as the hazard approaches the community.
To determine voluntary and mandatory evacuation time periods, evacuation behavior from the Woolsey Fire was analyzed based on the Woolsey Fire After Action Report. This document was produced by Los Angeles County to detail the timeline of emergency responses to the Woolsey Fire and provide recommendations for future emergencies. According to the review, voluntary evacuation warnings and mandatory evacuation orders were issued at the following times:
· Voluntary evacuation orders for the City and surrounding areas at 3:30 PM on Thursday, November 8, 2018
· Mandatory evacuation orders for sectors north of the US-101 freeway at 7:09 PM · Mandatory evacuation orders for sectors south of the US-101 freeway by 1:35 AM on Friday, November 9, 2018
To determine actual evacuation behavior and the number of trips originating in each evacuation sector during the voluntary and mandatory evacuation periods, a sector activity analysis was performed using DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Streetlight Insight. Mandatory evacuation periods used for analysis were kept to the same number of hours as the voluntary evacuation to compare levels of traffic activity across equal timespans. The results of this analysis are summarized in Table 3 and were used to calculate the percentage of trips from each evacuation sector that occurred during the voluntary evacuation and after the mandatory evacuation order was issued. The Woolsey Fire voluntary and mandatory evacuation data is included in Appendix C.
Table 3: Voluntary and Mandatory Evacuation Trips per Evacuation Sector Evacuation Sector Voluntary Evacuation1 Mandatory Evacuation Time % of Trips Time % of Trips
Sector 1 3PM – 7 PM 41% 7 PM – 11 PM 59%
Sector 2 3PM – 7 PM 55% 7 PM – 11 PM 45%
Sector 3 3PM – 7 PM 51% 7 PM – 11 PM 49%
Sector 4.1 3PM – 7 PM 39% 7 PM – 11 PM 61%
Sector 4.2 3PM – 7 PM 25% 7 PM – 11 PM 75%
Sector 5 3PM – 7 PM 59% 7 PM – 11 PM 41%
Sector 6 3PM – 7 PM 53% 7 PM – 11 PM 47%
Sector 7 3PM – 1 AM 70% 1 AM – 11 AM 30%
Sector 8 3PM – 1 AM 68% 1 AM – 11 AM 32%
Sector 9 3PM – 1 AM 61% 1 AM – 11 AM 39%
Oak Park 3PM – 7 PM 45% 7 PM – 11 PM 55%
Santa Monica Mountains 3PM – 1 AM 47% 1 AM – 11 AM 53%
1 Voluntary and mandatory evacuation rates based on Woolsey Fire evacuation behavior As shown in Table 3, rates of residents that evacuated during the voluntary period ranged from 25% in Sector 4.2 to 70% in Sector 7.
For this analysis, the rates of voluntary evacuation were applied to both Scenario 3 (nighttime wildfire) and Scenario 4 (daytime wildfire). Additionally, during the daytime, it was assumed that all school evacuations would take place during the voluntary phase.
Evacuation Timeframes (All Scenarios)
For Scenario 1 and 2, the evacuation analysis was conducted assuming an all-at-once mandatory evacuation order. For Scenarios 3 and 4, the evacuation analysis was conducted assuming a phased evacuation. Description of the evacuation timeframes for each scenario is provided below:
Scenario 1 and 2 (All-at-Once Mandatory Evacuation)
Scenario 1 and 2 analyze an all-at-once mandatory evacuation. For these scenarios, the evacuation notice is a short notice, issued abruptly at 5:00 AM, an off-peak period when all residents are at home and evacuation demand traffic would be at its highest. As a result, this scenario only evaluated trips originating from residential areas, assuming that customers and workers would not be present at commercial, retail, or office land uses during this time. The off-peak is defined as hours outside of the morning and afternoon peak periods that occurs 6:00 AM-9:00 AM and 4:00 PM-7:00 PM.
Given the short notice for an evacuation, it is assumed that all evacuee traffic will enter the transportation network at the same time. To model a worst-case scenario, all residents will be mandated to leave, eliminating the potential for voluntary evacuation. For the purpose of this analysis, traffic is directed from homes along designated evacuation routes toward Safe Gateways.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Scenario 3 and 4 (Phased Evacuation)
Scenario 3 and 4 analyze a phased evacuation with a voluntary and mandatory phase. For both scenarios, the evacuation notices are issued in phases based on the location of the hazard by City of Agoura Hills in coordination with respective agencies including Los Angeles County Fire Department and Sheriff’s Department. The City of Agoura Hills would be evacuated by sector with an initial voluntary evacuation phase followed by a mandatory evacuation phase.
Scenario 3: Nighttime wildfire originating northeast of Agoura Hills – Phased Evacuation For the nighttime wildfire event, the wildfire is estimated to begin at 3 AM with an initial voluntary evacuation phase between 4 AM and 6 AM. The voluntary phase would be followed by a mandatory evacuation phase from 6 AM to 8 AM.
Scenario 4: Daytime wildfire originating northeast of Agoura Hills – Phased Evacuation For the daytime wildfire event, the wildfire is estimated to begin at 8 AM with an initial voluntary evacuation phase between 10 AM and 12 PM. During the voluntary phase, schools would evacuate. This analysis assumes that children will be picked up by parents at a rate of 1 parent for every 2 children. The voluntary phase would be followed by a mandatory evacuation phase from 12 PM to 2 PM.
For the nighttime evacuation (Scenarios 1, 2, and 3), notices would be issued during an off-peak period to capture analysis in which evacuation demand traffic would be at its highest. The off-peak is defined as hours outside of the morning and afternoon peak periods that occurs 6:00 AM-9:00 AM and 4:00 PM-7:00 PM.
Emergency Scenario Volume Development
The population within each zone based on the assumptions previously described are shown on Figure 6 for the nighttime and daytime emergency scenarios.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Figure 6: Number of Vehicles Evacuating by Sector
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040
4. CITYWIDE EVACUATION MODELING ANALYSIS
The evacuation analysis was conducted for the four evacuation scenarios, as introduced in Section 3. The analysis includes an assessment of the capacity, safety, and viability of evacuation routes for each of the four emergency scenarios, per the requirements in GC 65302.15.
4.1. Evacuation Analysis for Scenario 1
The evacuation analysis was conducted for Scenario 1, the scenario where an immediate mandatory evacuation order is issued in the middle of the night, and the wildfire originates to the northeast of the City.
As noted in Section 3..3.5, this scenario includes evacuation of all people in the City as well as people in Oak Park.
Capacity Analysis
The capacity of evacuation routes during Scenario 1 was analyzed by comparing the projected evacuation demand with the available hourly capacity on each road segment along each evacuation route. As shown in Table 4, for 24 of the 30 street segments, the evacuation volume is less than the respective segment capacity and the V/C ratio is less than 1. This demonstrates the evacuation routes have sufficient capacity for evacuating populations.
Table 4: Agoura Hills Evacuation Capacity – Scenario 1
Segment Capacity Volume V/C
Evacuation Gateway #1: Reyes Adobe Road On-Ramps
Reyes Adobe Rd N. of US-101 On-Ramps SB 3,420 5,061 1.48 Reyes Adobe Rd N. of Canwood St SB 3,420 3,927 1.15
Reyes Adobe Rd N. of Thousand Oaks Blvd SB 3,420 1,098 0.32 Thousand Oaks Blvd W. of Reyes Adobe Rd EB 3,420 366 0.11 Thousand Oaks Blvd E. of Reyes Adobe Rd WB 3,420 1,363 0.40 Canwood St E. of Reyes Adobe Rd WB 1,710 584 0.34
Canwood St W. of Reyes Adobe Rd EB 1,710 550 0.32
Reyes Adobe Rd N. of Agoura Rd NB 5,130 1,586 0.31
Agoura Road W. of Reyes Adobe Rd EB 3,420 793 0.23
Agoura Road E. of Reyes Adobe Rd WB 3,420 793 0.23
Evacuation Gateway #2: Kanan Road On-Ramps
Kanan Rd N. of US-101 On-Ramps SB 5,130 10,629 2.07
Kanan Rd N. of Hillrise SB 3,420 9,712 2.84
Kanan Rd N. of Thousand Oaks Blvd SB 3,420 7,490 2.19
Kanan Rd N. of City Limits SB 3,420 5,337 1.56
Thousand Oaks Blvd W. of Kanan Rd EB 3,420 1,039 0.30
Thousand Oaks Blvd E. of Kanan Rd WB 3,420 1,183 0.35
Kanan Rd N. of Agoura Rd NB 5,130 100 0.02
Kanan Rd (2 lanes) S. of Agoura Rd NB 3,420 100 0.03
Kanan Rd (1 lane) S. of Agoura Rd NB 1,710 100 0.06
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Segment Capacity Volume V/C
Evacuation Gateway #3: Palo Comado On-Ramps
Palo Comado Rd N. of US-101 NB On-Ramp SB 1,710 1,607 0.94 Chesebro Rd N. of Driver Ave/ Palo
Comado Rd SB 1,710 236 0.14
Driver Ave W. of Chesebro Rd EB 1,710 882 0.52
Canwood St/ Chesebro
Rd S. of Driver Ave/Palo
Comado Rd NB 1,710 489 0.29
Chesebro Rd N. of Agoura Road NB 1,710 1,023 0.60
Agoura Rd W. of Chesebro Rd EB 1,710 1,023 0.60
Dorothy Dr W. of Chesebro Rd/US-101
SB Ramps EB 1,710 1,023 0.60
Evacuation Gateway #4: Liberty Canyon On-Ramps
Liberty Canyon Rd N. of US-101 SB Ramps NB 1,710 1,023 0.60 Liberty Canyon Rd N. of Agoura Rd NB 3,420 2,369 0.69
Liberty Canyon Rd S. of Agoura Rd NB 3,420 1,346 0.39
Agoura Road W. of Liberty Canyon Rd EB 1,710 1,023 0.60 Bold text indicates that V/C exceeds 1.0
There are six street segments where the demand volume exceeds the hourly capacity, including two segments on Reyes Adobe Road and four segments on Kanan Road. For these six segments, the City will implement measures, as described in Section 5.1, to reduce the V/C ratio and improve evacuation conditions to provide additional capacity during evacuation.
The volume to capacity ratio is also reflected in Figure 7 for each segment.
Safety Analysis
All evacuation routes used in Scenario 1 are safe for evacuation because they have continuous paved surfaces, generally contain roadway shoulders, and lack any physical barriers (such as gates), which could impact evacuation. Potential impacts to roadways including bridge structural failure, route inundation, and falling debris have not historically impacted the evacuation routes during wildfires and are not anticipated to impact the evacuation routes for Scenario 1. The evacuation routes are considered safe for Scenario 1.
During a wildfire event, hazard concerns can include heat and smoke impacts that could limit visibility for evacuees. However, reduced visibility is feasible anywhere in a wildfire scenario and would not specifically impact evacuation routes. The City of Agoura Hills operates and maintains City-owned infrastructure and will continue to monitor the conditions of roadways and other facilities that could impact evacuation. The City may also conduct additional field surveys, engage with residents, and implement other strategies to identify potential hazards or concerns that could be remediated prior to an evacuation event.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Viability Analysis
All evacuation routes are viable for an all-at-once nighttime evacuation with a wildfire originating in the northeast based on the available capacity and the distance between sectors and evacuation gateways.
Based on existing conditions of local roadways within the City of Agoura Hills, current infrastructure can enable individuals to reach evacuation locations outside of the City through the described gateways. For the six segments where volume exceeds capacity, the City will implement measures, as described in Section 5.1, to reduce the V/C ratio and improve evacuation conditions to improve evacuation route viability during evacuation.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Figure 7: Evacuation Route Capacity (Scenario 1)
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040
4.2. Evacuation Analysis for Scenario 2
The evacuation analysis was conducted for Scenario 2, the scenario where an immediate mandatory evacuation order is issued in the middle of the night, and the wildfire originates to the south of the City. As noted in Section 3.3.5, this scenario includes evacuation of all people in the City as well as people in the Santa Monica Mountains community.
Capacity Analysis
The capacity of evacuation routes during Scenario 2 was analyzed by comparing the projected evacuation demand with the available hourly capacity on each road segment along each evacuation route. As shown in Table 5, for 26 of the 30 street segments, the evacuation volume is less than the respective segment capacity and the V/C ratio is less than 1. This demonstrates the evacuation routes have sufficient capacity for evacuating populations.
Table 5: Agoura Hills Evacuation Capacity – Scenario 2
Segment Capacity Volume V/C
Evacuation Gateway #1: Reyes Adobe Road On-Ramps
Reyes Adobe Rd N. of US-101 On-Ramps SB 3,420 5,061 1.48 Reyes Adobe Rd N. of Canwood St SB 3,420 3,927 1.15
Reyes Adobe Rd N. of Thousand Oaks Blvd SB 3,420 1,098 0.32 Thousand Oaks Blvd W. of Reyes Adobe Rd EB 3,420 366 0.11 Thousand Oaks Blvd E. of Reyes Adobe Rd WB 3,420 1,363 0.40 Canwood St E. of Reyes Adobe Rd WB 1,710 584 0.34
Canwood St W. of Reyes Adobe Rd EB 1,710 550 0.32
Reyes Adobe Rd N. of Agoura Rd NB 5,130 1,586 0.31
Agoura Road W. of Reyes Adobe Rd EB 3,420 793 0.23
Agoura Road E. of Reyes Adobe Rd WB 3,420 793 0.23
Evacuation Gateway #2: Kanan Road On-Ramps
Kanan Rd N. of US-101 On-Ramps SB 5,130 5,292 1.03
Kanan Rd N. of Hillrise SB 3,420 4,375 1.28
Kanan Rd N. of Thousand Oaks Blvd SB 3,420 2,153 0.63
Thousand Oaks Blvd W. of Kanan Rd EB 3,420 1,039 0.30
Thousand Oaks Blvd E. of Kanan Rd WB 3,420 1,183 0.35
Kanan Rd N. of Agoura Rd NB 5,130 804 0.16
Kanan Rd (2 lanes) S. of Agoura Rd NB 3,420 804 0.24
Kanan Rd (1 lane) S. of Agoura Rd NB 1,710 804 0.47
Evacuation Gateway #3: Palo Comado On-Ramps
Palo Comado Rd N. of US-101 NB On-Ramp SB 1,710 1,607 0.94 Chesebro Rd N. of Driver Ave/ Palo
Comado Rd SB 1,710 236 0.14
Driver Ave W. of Chesebro Rd EB 1,710 882 0.52
Canwood St/ Chesebro
Rd S. of Driver Ave/Palo
Comado Rd NB 1,710 489 0.29
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Segment Capacity Volume V/C
Chesebro Rd N. of Agoura Road NB 1,710 1,023 0.60
Agoura Rd W. of Chesebro Rd EB 1,710 1,023 0.60
Dorothy Dr W. of Chesebro Rd/US-101
SB Ramps EB 1,710 1,023 0.60
Evacuation Gateway #4: Liberty Canyon On-Ramps
Liberty Canyon Rd N. of US-101 SB Ramps NB 1,710 1,023 0.60 Liberty Canyon Rd N. of Agoura Rd NB 3,420 2,369 0.69
Liberty Canyon Rd S. of Agoura Rd NB 3,420 1,346 0.39
Agoura Road W. of Liberty Canyon Rd EB 1,710 1,023 0.60 Bold text indicates that V/C exceeds 1.0
There are four street segments where the demand volume exceeds the hourly capacity, including two segments on Reyes Adobe Road and two segments on Kanan Road. For these three segments, the City will implement measures, as described in Section 5.1, to reduce the V/C ratio and improve evacuation conditions to enable safe and viable evacuation.
The volume to capacity ratio is also reflected in Figure 8 for each segment.
Safety Analysis
All evacuation routes used in Scenario 2 are safe for evacuation because they have continuous paved surfaces, generally contain roadway shoulders, and lack any physical barriers (such as gates), which could impact evacuation. Potential impacts to roadways including bridge structural failure, route inundation, and falling debris have not historically impacted the evacuation routes during wildfires and are not anticipated to impact the evacuation routes for Scenario 2. The evacuation routes are considered safe for Scenario 2.
During a wildfire event, hazard concerns can include heat and smoke impacts that could limit visibility for evacuees. However, reduced visibility is feasible anywhere in a wildfire scenario and would not specifically impact evacuation routes. The City of Agoura Hills operates and maintains City-owned infrastructure and will continue to monitor the conditions of roadways and other facilities that could impact evacuation. The City may also conduct additional field surveys, engage with residents, and implement other strategies to identify potential hazards or concerns that could be remediated prior to an evacuation event.
Viability Analysis
All evacuation routes are viable for an all-at-once nighttime evacuation with a wildfire originating in the south based on the available capacity and the distance between sectors and evacuation gateways. Based on existing conditions of local roadways within the City of Agoura Hills, current infrastructure can enable individuals to reach evacuation locations outside of the City through the described gateways. For the four segments where volume exceeds capacity, the City will implement measures, as described in Section 5.1, to reduce the V/C ratio and improve evacuation conditions to improve evacuation route viability during evacuation.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Figure 8: Evacuation Route Capacity (Scenario 2)
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040
4.3. Evacuation Analysis for Scenario 3
The evacuation analysis was conducted for Scenario 3, the scenario where a phased evacuation order is issued in the middle of the night, and the wildfire originates to the northeast of the City. As noted in Section
3.3.5, this scenario includes evacuation of all people in the City as well as people in Oak Park and the Santa Monica Mountains community.
Capacity Analysis
The capacity of evacuation routes during Scenario 3 was analyzed by comparing the projected evacuation demand with the available hourly capacity on each road segment along each evacuation route. As shown in Table 6, there is sufficient available roadway capacity to evacuate to each evacuation gateway during a phased evacuation along most of the roadway segments in the City. The evacuation volume is less than the respective segment capacity and the V/C ratio is less than 1.0. This demonstrates the evacuation routes have sufficient capacity for evacuating populations.
Table 6: Agoura Hills Evacuation Capacity – Scenario 3
Segment Capacity Voluntary Phase Mandatory Phase
Volume V/C Volume V/C
Evacuation Gateway #1: Reyes Adobe Road On-Ramps
Reyes Adobe Rd N. of US 101 On-Ramps SB 3,420 2,605 0.76 2,456 0.72 Reyes Adobe Rd N. of Canwood St SB 3,420 1,951 0.57 1,976 0.58 Reyes Adobe Rd N. of Thousand Oaks Blvd SB 3,420 450 0.13 648 0.19 Thousand Oaks Blvd W. of Reyes Adobe Rd EB 3,420 150 0.04 216 0.06 Thousand Oaks Blvd E. of Reyes Adobe Rd WB 3,420 702 0.21 661 0.19 Canwood St E. of Reyes Adobe Rd WB 1,710 329 0.19 254 0.15 Canwood St W. of Reyes Adobe Rd EB 1,710 325 0.19 226 0.13 Reyes Adobe Rd N. of Agoura Rd NB 5,130 1,110 0.22 476 0.09 Agoura Road W. of Reyes Adobe Rd EB 3,420 555 0.16 238 0.07 Agoura Road E. of Reyes Adobe Rd WB 3,420 555 0.16 238 0.07 Evacuation Gateway #2: Kanan Road On-Ramps
Kanan Rd N. of US 101 On-Ramps SB 5,130 5,075 0.99 5,504 1.07 Kanan Rd N. of Hillrise SB 3,420 4,672 1.37 5,040 1.47
Kanan Rd N. of Thousand Oaks Blvd SB 3,420 3,552 1.04 3,938 1.15 Kanan Rd N. of City Limits SB 3,420 2,402 0.70 2,935 0.86 Thousand Oaks Blvd W. of Kanan Rd EB 3,420 566 0.17 473 0.14 Thousand Oaks Blvd E. of Kanan Rd WB 3,420 554 0.16 629 0.18 Kanan Rd N. of Agoura Rd NB 5,130 431 0.08 473 0.09
Kanan Rd (2 lanes) S. of Agoura Rd NB 3,420 431 0.13 473 0.14 Kanan Rd (1 lane) S. of Agoura Rd NB 1,710 431 0.25 473 0.28 Evacuation Gateway #3: Palo Comado On-Ramps
Palo Comado Rd N. of US 101 NB On-Ramp SB 1,710 621 0.36 987 0.58 Chesebro Rd N. of Driver Ave/Palo
Comado Rd SB 1,710 75 0.04 160 0.09
Driver Ave W. of Chesebro Rd EB 1,710 336 0.20 547 0.32 Canwood St/
Chesebro Rd S. of Driver Ave/PaloComado Rd NB 1,710 210 0.12 279 0.16 Chesebro Rd N. of Agoura Road NB 1,710 696 0.41 327 0.19 DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Segment Capacity Voluntary Phase Mandatory Phase
Volume V/C Volume V/C
Agoura Rd W. of Chesebro Rd EB 1,710 696 0.41 327 0.19
Dorothy Dr W. of Chesebro Rd/US-101
SB Ramps EB 1,710 696 0.41 327 0.19
Evacuation Gateway #4: Liberty Canyon On-Ramps
Liberty Canyon Rd N. of US-101 SB Ramps NB 1,710 696 0.41 327 0.19 Liberty Canyon Rd N. of Agoura Rd NB 3,420 1,517 0.44 852 0.25 Liberty Canyon Rd S. of Agoura Rd NB 3,420 821 0.24 525 0.15 Agoura Road W. of Liberty Canyon Rd EB 1,710 696 0.41 327 0.19 Bold text indicates that V/C exceeds 1.0
Along the evacuation routes between sectors and Gateways #1 at Reyes Adobe Road, #3 at Palo Comado Canyon Road, and Chesebro Road, and #4 at Liberty Canyon Road, the V/C ratio along all roadway segments is below 1.0, indicating there is sufficient available capacity.
Along the evacuation routes between sectors and Gateway #2 at Kanan Road, two segments of Kanan Road have a V/C ratio exceeding 1.0 during the voluntary evacuation phase, and three segments have a V/C ratio exceeding 1.0 during the mandatory evacuation phase, indicating that the projected volume of evacuating vehicles exceeds the available roadway capacity during a one-hour period. For these three segments, the City will implement measures, as described in Section 5.1, to reduce the V/C ratio and improve evacuation conditions to enable viable evacuation.
The volume to capacity ratio is also reflected in Figures 9 and 10 for each segment.
Safety Analysis
All evacuation routes used in Scenario 3 are safe for evacuation because they have continuous paved surfaces, generally contain roadway shoulders, and lack any physical barriers (such as gates), which could impact evacuation. Potential impacts to roadways including bridge structural failure, route inundation, and falling debris have not historically impacted the evacuation routes during wildfires and are not anticipated to impact the evacuation routes for Scenario 3. The evacuation routes are considered safe for Scenario 3.
During a wildfire event, hazard concerns can include heat and smoke impacts that could limit visibility for evacuees. However, reduced visibility is feasible anywhere in a wildfire scenario and would not specifically impact evacuation routes. The City of Agoura Hills operates and maintains City-owned infrastructure and will continue to monitor the conditions of roadways and other facilities that could impact evacuation. The City may also conduct additional field surveys, engage with residents, and implement other strategies to identify potential hazards or concerns that could be remediated prior to an evacuation event.
Viability Analysis
All evacuation routes are viable for a phased nighttime evacuation with a wildfire originating in the northeast based on the available capacity and the distance between sectors and evacuation gateways. Based on existing conditions of local roadways within the City of Agoura Hills, current infrastructure can enable individuals to reach evacuation locations outside of the City through the described gateways. All evacuation routes are viable for evacuation based on the available capacity and the distance between sectors and evacuation gateways. For the three segments where volume exceeds capacity, the City will implement DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 measures, as described in Section 5.1, to reduce the V/C ratio and improve evacuation conditions to improve evacuation route viability during evacuation.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Figure 9: Evacuation Route Capacity (Scenario 3 Voluntary Phase) DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Figure 10: Evacuation Route Capacity (Scenario 3 Mandatory Phase) DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040
4.4. Evacuation Analysis for Scenario 4
The evacuation analysis was conducted for Scenario 4, the scenario where a phased evacuation order is issued during the daytime, and the wildfire originates to the northeast of the City. As noted in Section 3..3.5, this scenario includes evacuation of all people in the City as well as people in Oak Park and the Santa Monica Mountains community.
Capacity Analysis
The capacity of evacuation routes during Scenario 4 was analyzed by comparing the projected evacuation demand with the available hourly capacity on each road segment along each evacuation route. As shown in Table 7, there is sufficient available roadway capacity to evacuate to each gateway during a phased evacuation along most of the roadway segments in the City. The evacuation volume is less than the respective segment capacity and the V/C ratio is less than 1.0. This demonstrates the evacuation routes have sufficient capacity for evacuating populations.
Table 7: Agoura Hills Evacuation Capacity – Scenario 4
Segment Capacity Voluntary Phase Mandatory Phase
Volume V/C Volume V/C
Evacuation Gateway #1: Reyes Adobe Road On-Ramps
Reyes Adobe Rd N. of US-101 On-Ramps SB 2,660 2,739 1.03 1,294 0.49 Reyes Adobe Rd N. of Canwood St SB 2,660 2,249 0.85 1,025 0.39 Reyes Adobe Rd N. of Thousand Oaks Blvd SB 2,660 809 0.30 304 0.11 Thousand Oaks Blvd W. of Reyes Adobe Rd EB 2,660 270 0.10 101 0.04 Thousand Oaks Blvd E. of Reyes Adobe Rd WB 2,660 835 0.31 386 0.15 Canwood St E. of Reyes Adobe Rd WB 1,330 322 0.24 153 0.11 Canwood St W. of Reyes Adobe Rd EB 1,330 168 0.13 117 0.09 Reyes Adobe Rd N. of Agoura Rd NB 3,990 2,012 0.50 862 0.22 Agoura Road W. of Reyes Adobe Rd EB 2,660 1,006 0.38 431 0.16 Agoura Road E. of Reyes Adobe Rd WB 2,660 1,006 0.38 431 0.16 Evacuation Gateway #2: Kanan Road On-Ramps
Kanan Rd N. of US-101 On-Ramps SB 3,990 5,607 1.41 3,233 0.81 Kanan Rd N. of Hillrise SB 2,660 4,906 1.84 2,905 1.09
Kanan Rd N. of Thousand Oaks Blvd SB 2,660 3,517 1.32 2,180 0.82 Kanan Rd N. of City Limits SB 2,660 2,276 0.86 1,592 0.60 Thousand Oaks Blvd W. of Kanan Rd EB 2,660 637 0.24 316 0.12 Thousand Oaks Blvd E. of Kanan Rd WB 2,660 752 0.28 409 0.15 Kanan Rd N. of Agoura Rd NB 3,990 1,065 0.27 1,087 0.27 Kanan Rd (2 lanes) S. of Agoura Rd NB 2,660 1,065 0.40 1,087 0.41 Kanan Rd (1 lane) S. of Agoura Rd NB 1,330 1,065 0.80 1,087 0.82 Evacuation Gateway #3: Palo Comado On-Ramps
Palo Comado Rd N. of US-101 NB On-Ramp SB 1,330 702 0.53 717 0.54 Chesebro Rd N. of Driver Ave/ Palo
Comado Rd SB 1,330 56 0.04 118 0.09
Driver Ave W. of Chesebro Rd EB 1,330 370 0.28 398 0.30 Canwood St/
Chesebro Rd S. of Driver Ave/PaloComado Rd NB 1,330 277 0.21 201 0.15 Chesebro Rd N. of Agoura Road NB 1,330 350 0.26 165 0.12 Agoura Rd W. of Chesebro Rd EB 1,330 350 0.26 165 0.12
Dorothy Dr W. of Chesebro Rd/US-101
SB Ramps EB 1,330 350 0.26 165 0.12
Evacuation Gateway #4: Liberty Canyon On-Ramps
Liberty Canyon Rd N. of US-101 SB Ramps NB 1,330 350 0.26 165 0.12 DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Segment Capacity Voluntary Phase Mandatory Phase
Volume V/C Volume V/C
Liberty Canyon Rd N. of Agoura Rd NB 2,660 1,031 0.39 600 0.23 Liberty Canyon Rd S. of Agoura Rd NB 2,660 681 0.26 435 0.16 Agoura Road W. of Liberty Canyon Rd EB 1,330 350 0.26 165 0.12 Bold text indicates that V/C exceeds 1.0
Along the evacuation routes between sectors and Gateways #3 at Palo Comado Canyon Road and Chesebro Road and #4 at Liberty Canyon Road, the V/C ratio along all roadway segments is below 1.0, indicating there is sufficient available capacity.
Along the evacuation routes between sectors and Gateway #1 at Reyes Adobe Road, one segment of Reyes Adobe Road has a V/C ratio exceeding 1.0 during the voluntary evacuation phase. Along the evacuation routes between sectors and Gateway #2 at Kanan Road, three segments of Kanan Road have a V/C ratio exceeding 1.0 during the voluntary evacuation phase and one segment has a V/C ratio exceeding 1.0 during the mandatory evacuation phase. The analysis indicates that the projected volume of evacuating vehicles exceeds the available roadway capacity during a one-hour period along these four segments.
For these four segments, the City will implement measures, as described in Section 5.1, to reduce the V/C ratio and improve evacuation conditions to enable viable evacuation.
The volume to capacity ratio is also reflected in Figures 11 and 12 for each segment.
Safety Analysis
All evacuation routes used in Scenario 4 are safe for evacuation because they have continuous paved surfaces, generally contain roadway shoulders, and lack any physical barriers (such as gates), which could impact evacuation. Potential impacts to roadways including bridge structural failure, route inundation, and falling debris have not historically impacted the evacuation routes during wildfires and are not anticipated to impact the evacuation routes for Scenario 4. The evacuation routes are considered safe for Scenario 4.
During a wildfire event, hazard concerns can include heat and smoke impacts that could limit visibility for evacuees. However, reduced visibility is feasible anywhere in a wildfire scenario and would not specifically impact evacuation routes. The City of Agoura Hills operates and maintains City-owned infrastructure and will continue to monitor the conditions of roadways and other facilities that could impact evacuation. The City may also conduct additional field surveys, engage with residents, and implement other strategies to identify potential hazards or concerns that could be remediated prior to an evacuation event.
Viability Analysis
All evacuation routes are viable for a phased daytime evacuation with a wildfire originating in the northeast based on the available capacity and the distance between sectors and evacuation gateways. Based on existing conditions of local roadways within the City of Agoura Hills, current infrastructure can enable individuals to reach evacuation locations outside of the City through the described gateways. For the four segments where volume exceeds capacity, the City will implement measures, as described in Section 5.1, to reduce the V/C ratio and improve evacuation conditions to improve evacuation route viability during evacuation.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Figure 11: Evacuation Route Capacity (Scenario 4 Voluntary Phase) DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Figure 12: Evacuation Route Capacity (Scenario 4 Mandatory Phase) Figure 12: Evacuation Route Capacity (Scenario 4 Mandatory Phase) DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040
4.5. Evacuation Analysis for Storm, Tsunami, and Earthquake Scenarios For compliance with GC Section 65302(g), the City’s Safety Element must provide community protection from seismic and other geological hazards. This analysis conducted a qualitative study of natural hazards including a storm, tsunami, and earthquake event.
4.5.1. Storm
A storm event may vary in its spread, intensity, total rainfall, and seasonal impacts. Therefore, each storm event should be addressed on a case-by-case basis by appointed officials to determine if evacuation is deemed necessary. During rainfall, the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (OES) advises against unnecessary travel, whether walking, driving, or swimming. If deemed necessary, the City of Agoura Hills and other local officials may implement road closures should any route be determined unviable for evacuation. Regular monitoring of potential storm events should be conducted to allow early evacuation prior to impact when possible. The City should implement and oversee regular maintenance that may reduce flooding risks during a storm. Examples of flood control may include routine tree trimming, maintenance of drainage facilities, and strategizing debris control aids. The City should further ensure power source alternatives are available if city-wide power supplies are disrupted during the storm. Early and voluntary evacuation may serve as a beneficial tool for severe storms where travel during the event is limited due to roadway conditions and public safety considerations. The City should disseminate information through established methods of communication to the public as appropriate during each storm event.
4.5.2. Tsunami
The California Geological Survey’s Department of Conservation does not consider the City of Agoura Hills to be located in the tsunami hazard area. Ready.gov advises the evacuation immediately following any signs of a tsunami or instruction from designated officials3. However, if the tsunami occurs as a result of an earthquake, it is advised for individuals to protect themselves from the earthquake first by seeking cover.
For areas that are outside of the tsunami hazard zone that receive a tsunami warning, Ready.gov recommends individuals to remain in place unless local authorities direct otherwise given the uniqueness of each tsunami event.
4.5.3. Earthquake
Based on the FEMA National Risk Index, the census tracts within the City of Agoura Hills range from a ‘relatively moderate’ to ‘very high’ earthquake risk. The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) does not advise the evacuation of buildings during an active earthquake event due to risk of injury. After shaking from the earthquake has subsided, evacuation may take place based on the judgement of appointed authorities. This may be as a result of utility damage, extent of structural damage to buildings, or exposure to dangerous materials such as medicines and flammable liquids. In the case of an earthquake, the City of Agoura Hills should monitor seismic activity and disperse regular communication to the public through established methods and channels. Each earthquake event is unique in magnitude, depth, and impact. Therefore, appointed officials should determine if evacuation is necessary during each event.
4.5.4. Evacuation Analysis Results
As discussed above, storm, tsunami, and earthquake events have not historically and are not anticipated to require citywide evacuations. However, there may be evacuations required for a portion of the city. The 3 Tsunamis | Ready.gov - https://www.ready.gov/tsunamis DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 nature of evacuations for these three types of hazards are smaller-scale evacuations than for the wildfire scenarios analyzed in this report. Therefore, the evacuation routes can be found to have sufficient capacity and be safe and viable for evacuations.
The occurrence and impact of a natural event can be sudden and unpredictable. As a result, an evacuation could follow either an all-at-once or phased approach. When applicable, voluntary evacuation should be facilitated prior to the occurrence of the natural event. Determinations should be aligned with Federal, State, and local guidance as appropriate.
Capacity Analysis
The evacuation route capacity during a storm, tsunami, or earthquake event, will depend on which areas of the city need to evacuate. Given that the evacuation areas for these three types of hazards is less than for the wildfire scenarios analyzed in Sections 4.1 to 4.4, there would be more evacuation route capacity available than the other scenarios analyzed.
Safety Analysis
The safety of evacuation routes may vary depending on the intensity of the storm, tsunami, and earthquake hazards. Event variables include, but are not limited to, point of origin, intensity, and spread.
Storms: Hazard-specific risks could include reduced visibility and route inundation.
Tsunamis: Hazard-specific risks could include reduced visibility, route inundation, structural failure, and falling debris.
Earthquakes: Hazard-specific risks could include poor route surface conditions (such as cracks or potholes), falling debris, and structural failure.
Each sector has multiple evacuation routes available to access evacuation gateways. If one street segment along an evacuation route is damaged during a hazard, alternate routes may be used by populations to evacuate.
Viability Analysis
All evacuation routes are viable for evacuation based on the available capacity and distance between sectors and evacuation gateways.
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kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040
5. IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES
As shown in Sections 4.1 to 4.4, there are a few segments of Reyes Adobe Road and Kanan Road where the V/C ratio exceeds the threshold of 1.0. The ratio is exceeded along Reyes Adobe Road in Scenario 1 and 2 and in Scenario 4 during the voluntary evacuation phase. The ratio is exceeded along Kanan Road in all four scenarios. In evacuation scenarios, the City will implement strategies to minimize the strain on street segments and prioritize the resident’s ability to reach respective gateways.
The strategies may include temporary roadway capacity enhancements and policy and program implementations.
5.1. Temporary Roadway Capacity Enhancements
Traffic flow on roadways in the City may be temporarily modified to provide additional capacity during an evacuation. Capacity enhancements can be accomplished by allowing use of roadway shoulders and bike lanes by evacuating vehicles, or by establishing counterflow operations. Counterflow operations are when the direction of a lane is switched to provide additional roadway capacity for the direction of evacuation. For example, Kanan Road is generally a 4-lane road with 2 lanes in each direction. During an evacuation, counterflow operation could be implemented to convert one of the northbound lanes to southbound, increasing the capacity of the roadway for evacuating vehicles away from the fire or natural event requiring evacuation. If counterflow operation is implemented, emergency vehicles such as ambulances, fire trucks, and city personnel, are recognized as exceptions and may travel toward the hazard area as necessary using the remaining available northbound lane.
To successfully use counterflow lanes during an evacuation, traffic control devices will be placed on the roadway extremely quickly and the public would need to be aware of the use of counterflow driving.
An overview of the City’s approach to temporary roadway capacity implementation during evacuations is as follows:
1. City of Agoura Hills will prepare a plan for implementing temporary roadway capacity enhancements, such as counterflow lanes, during a natural hazard event.
2. City of Agoura Hills will educate and train traffic control officers on usage of temporary roadway capacity enhancements during an evacuation. .
3. City of Agoura Hills will educate residents on existing and updates to the Agoura Hills evacuation plan, including protocol and usage of temporary roadway capacity enhancements.
During evacuations that will use counterflow lanes, the City will quickly install traffic control devices such as signage and cones to designate counterflow lanes. Traffic control officers will be present to direct vehicles at intersections with high traffic volumes. The City may conduct practice evacuations, in which flyers and educational materials will be sent out to educate the public on the evacuation routes potential counterflow plan. Having traffic control officers to guide traffic through these intersections will reduce bottlenecks in the network and provide clarity for vehicles using counterflow lanes to travel through the intersections.
Additionally, the number of vehicles present on a roadway at a given time may be reduced through early communication and early evacuation. The City of Agoura Hills in coordination with other emergency officials will inform residents of expected natural events that could necessitate evacuation. As appropriate, the City will announce and encourage early evacuation of individuals within the City, which would reduce the number of vehicles evacuating during a mandatory or all-at-once phase. Therefore, early communication and early DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 evacuation is an effective measure to assist roadways that have a V/C ratio that exceeds the threshold of
1.0. Evacuation Analysis
To assess the impact of temporary roadway capacity enhancements, an evacuation analysis was conducted for all scenarios with the temporary roadway enhancements in place. A summary of the volumeto-capacity ratios are shown in Table 8 and Table 9.
The volume-to-capacity for each evacuation scenario where temporary roadway capacity enhancements are in place are shown on Figure 13.
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kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Table 8: Nighttime Evacuation Route Volume to Capacity Ratios with Temporary Roadway Capacity Enhancements Segment
Without Temporary Capacity Enhancements1
Temporary Capacity
Enhancements
With Temporary Capacity Enhancements
Nighttime
Capacity
Volume to Capacity
Nighttime
Capacity
Volume to Capacity
Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3
(Voluntary)
Scenario 3
(Mandatory) Scenario 1 Scenario 2
Scenario 3
(Voluntary)
Scenario 3
(Mandatory)
Gateway #1: Reyes Adobe Road
Reyes Adobe Rd N. of US-101 On-Ramps SB 3,420 1.48 1.48 - - Counterflow 5,130 0.99 0.99 - - Reyes Adobe Rd N. of Canwood St SB 3,420 1.15 1.15 - - Counterflow 5,130 0.77 0.77 - - Gateway #2: Kanan Road
Kanan Rd N. of US-101 On-Ramps SB 5,130 2.07 1.03 - 1.07 Counterflow 6,840 1.55 0.77 - 0.80 Kanan Rd N. of Hillrise SB 3,420 2.84 1.28 1.37 1.47
Counterflow and
increasing capacity on
southbound side by
using bike lane
6,840 1.42 0.64 0.68 0.74
Kanan Rd N. of Thousand Oaks Blvd SB 3,420 2.19 - 1.04 1.15 Counterflow and
increasing capacity on
southbound side by
using bike lane2
6,840 1.09 - 0.52 0.58
Kanan Rd N. of City Limits SB 3,420 1.56 - - -
Counterflow and
increasing capacity on
southbound side by
using bike lane
6,840 0.78 - - -
Bold text indicates that V/C exceeds 1.0
1 V/C ratios shown for segments that exceed 1.0
2 Counterflow operations on Kanan Rd north of Thousand Oaks Blvd would require restricting the on-street parking on the northbound side of the street. Parking could be restricted on "red flag" days.
Table 9: Daytime Evacuation Route Volume to Capacity Ratios with Temporary Roadway Capacity Enhancements Segment
Without Temporary Capacity Enhancements
Temporary Capacity
Enhancements
With Temporary Capacity Enhancements
Daytime
Capacity
Volume to Capacity
Daytime
Capacity
Volume to Capacity
Scenario 4
(Voluntary)
Scenario 4
(Mandatory)
Scenario 4
(Voluntary)
Scenario 4
(Mandatory)
Gateway #1: Reyes Adobe Road
Reyes Adobe Rd N. of US-101 On-Ramps SB 2,660 1.03 - Counterflow 3,990 0.69 - Gateway #2: Kanan Road
Kanan Rd N. of US-101 On-Ramps SB 3,990 1.41 - Counterflow 5,320 1.05 - Kanan Rd N. of Hillrise SB 2,660 1.84 1.09
Counterflow and
increasing capacity on
southbound side by using
bike lane
5,320 0.92 0.55
Kanan Rd N. of Thousand Oaks Blvd SB 2,660 1.32 -
Counterflow and
increasing capacity on
southbound side by using
bike lane1
5,320 0.66 -
Bold text indicates that V/C exceeds 1.0
1 V/C ratios shown for segments that exceed 1.0
2 Counterflow operations on Kanan Rd north of Thousand Oaks Blvd would require restricting the on-street parking on the northbound side of the street. Parking could be restricted on "red flag" days.
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kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Figure 13a: Evacuation Route Capacity with Temporary Roadway Capacity Enhancements Scenario 1 - Kanan Road V/C with
Temporary Roadway Capacity
Enhancements
Scenario 2, 3, 4 - Kanan Road V/C
with Temporary Roadway Capacity
Enhancements during Mandatory Phase
Scenario 4 - Kanan Road V/C with
Temporary Roadway Capacity
Enhancements during Voluntary Phase DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 Figure 13b: Evacuation Route Capacity with Temporary Roadway Capacity Enhancements Scenario 1 and 2 - Reyes Adobe
Road V/C with Temporary Roadway
Capacity Enhancements
Scenario 3 and 4 - Reyes Adobe
Road V/C with Temporary Roadway
Capacity Enhancements DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 As shown in Table 8 and Table 9, implementation of temporary roadway capacity enhancements would reduce the V/C ratio to less than 1.0 along all segments of Reyes Adobe Road during all analyzed evacuation scenarios. Additionally, the temporary capacity enhancements would reduce the V/C ratio to less than 1.0 along all segments of Kanan Road during Scenario 2 and Scenario 3.
In Scenario 1, without the temporary capacity enhancements, the segments of Kanan Rd between US-101 NB On-ramps and Thousand Oaks Blvd exceed a 2.0 V/C ratio. With the implementation of temporary capacity enhancements, the V/C ratio for these segments is below a 1.50 V/C ratio. For the segment of Kanan Rd north of City limits, the ratio is decreased below the 1.0 V/C threshold.
In Scenario 2 and 3, the V/C ratio is reduced for both segments along Reyes Adobe in addition to Kanan Rd between US-101 on-ramps and Hillrise with the temporary capacity enhancements.
In Scenario 4, with the implementation of temporary capacity enhancements, the V/C ratio for the segment of Kanan Rd north of US-101 NB On-ramps would decrease to 1.03. The segments of Kanan Rd between Hillrise and Thousand Oaks Blvd would decrease below the 1.0 V/C threshold.
For segments with a V/C ratio that exceed 1.0 with the temporary roadway enhancements, the analysis indicates that evacuation would take just a little over one hour. To improve evacuation times, the City of Agoura Hills will initiate early communication and early evacuation to reduce the number of vehicles utilizing Kanan Rd during voluntary or mandatory evacuation phases. Further, the City will implement the following measures identified in Section 5.2, as applicable, including vehicles originating from neighborhoods north of Thousand Oaks Boulevard to utilize Thousand Oaks Boulevard westbound to access the US-101 onramps at Reyes Adobe Road.
5.2. Additional Implementation Measures
In addition to temporary roadway capacity enhancements the City, in coordination with appropriate officials including the Los Angeles Fire Department and Sheriff’s Department, will employ the following implementation measures on an as needed basis depending on emergency conditions. These measures can assist in reducing roadway V/C and evacuating individuals within the City. Identified additional implementation measures include, but are not limited to:
· Provide early notification through established communication systems when high hazard events are forecasted to promote public preparedness.
· Facilitate early voluntary evacuation prior to mandatory evacuation phases or all-at-once evacuation to decrease demand on roadways.
· Station emergency personnel at the intersection of Kanan Road and Thousand Oaks Boulevard.
To decrease demand on Kanan Road, redirect vehicles originating from neighborhoods north of Thousand Oaks Boulevard to utilize Thousand Oaks Boulevard westbound to access the US-101 on-ramps at Reyes Adobe Road.
· Station emergency personnel at the intersection of US-101 and Reyes Adobe Road. If the US-101 on-ramps at Reyes Adobe Road experience excessive queuing:
o Redirect vehicles originating south of US-101 to travel eastbound along Agoura Road to utilize the on-ramps at Chesebro Road/Palo Comado Canyon Road o Redirect vehicles originating north of US-101 to travel westbound along Thousand Oaks Boulevard to Lindero Canyon Road or points west. Close coordination with authorities and emergency responders in Westlake Village and Ventura County must be taken to ensure such decisions would not negatively impact any emergency evacuation procedures ongoing in those jurisdictions.
DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 · If left-turning vehicles accessing US-101 on-ramps at Reyes Adobe Road or at Kanan Road cause excessive queueing, close the bridges to left-turning vehicles and force vehicles to access only the nearside on-ramps.
· A portion of residents in the City of Agoura Hills, notably in Old Agoura located in Sector 4, own animals including horses and livestock. Residents in Old Agoura should evacuate during voluntary evacuation phases as the transport of the animals will require the use of special trailers. The early evacuation of these residents and their animals will reduce the occurrence of over-sized vehicles along routes as remaining sectors are evacuating.
5.3. Policy and Program Implementations
The City of Agoura Hills may implement policies and programs on an as-needed basis that increase the City’s preparedness and mitigate potential risks during emergency events. Examples of supporting policies include the following:
· Explore decision-support tools that provide real-time insight into evacuation conditions to help manage roadway utilization, such as “Code Red” or Genasys “Know Your Zone”. · Identify and procure communication tools that can be leveraged for information sharing should certain communication systems fail.
· Improve information sharing strategies to populations that are hard-to-reach, such as those without internet and/or cell phone access.
· Provide early notification to encourage community preparedness when high hazard conditions are forecasted.
· Develop a program with Caltrans and Los Angeles County to retrofit or replace aging infrastructure, including bridges, tunnels, or culverts, to mitigate the risk of structural failure and inundation along evacuation routes.
· Engage local and regional organizations to conduct community-facing exercises to enhance disaster preparedness.
· Ensure planning and coordination with entities such as:
o Federal and State Partners – State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection, California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services, Department of Conservation’s California Geological Survey
o Regional and Local Partners – Regional planning agencies, California Highway Patrol Field Divisions, Caltrans, volunteer response organizations, school districts, fire department, community-based organizations
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kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040
APPENDICES
Appendix A – Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) National Risk Index Report Appendix B – City of Agoura Hill Evacuation Plan
Appendix C – Woolsey Fire Voluntary and Mandatory Evacuation Data DRAFT
kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 APPENDIX A – FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA)
NATIONAL RISK INDEX REPORT
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kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 APPENDIX B – CITY OF AGOURA HILLS EVACUATION PLAN
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Evacuation Plan
September 2020
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2 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ................................................................................... 3 Evacuation Zones ……………………………………………………. 4
Old Agoura Evacuation Plan ……………………………………….. 5
Initial Actions and Notifications ................................................... 6 Evacuation Routes ....................................................................... 7 Staging Areas ............................................................................... 7 Logistics and Responsible Agency Matrix .................................... 8 Interagency Communication ......................................................... 8 Communication to the Public ........................................................ 9
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3 INTRODUCTION
The City of Agoura Hills is susceptible to a variety of hazards that could require a mass evacuation of part, or all the City, including fire, flooding and potential landslide. The 2018 Woolsey Fire, which caused significant damage and required the full evacuation of the City, demonstrated the need for a comprehensive and coordinated plan.
This mass evacuation plan was developed through a collaborative multi-agency process. In September/October 2020, discussed and staff met with representatives from Los Angeles County Fire, Sheriff’s, and representative from County Office of Emergency Services to develop a plan that would be incorporated into the region wide evacuation plan. The region wide evacuation plan is being developed by the County of Los Angeles. This will serve as a guide to assist the various agencies during evacuations.
Goal:
To ensure a safe and effective evacuation of the community during life-threatening emergencies.
Objectives:
Clarify roles and responsibilities of participating agencies Identify evacuation and traffic management strategies Establish communication protocols
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4 EVACUATION ZONES
To maximize the efficiency of any evacuation and to minimize congestion, the City of Agoura Hills has developed and divided the City into seven (7) evacuation zones. These zones provide clearly defined evacuation areas that can be activated quickly. They can also be used to implement phased evacuations.
ZONE 1 (Sectors 1 & 5)
Use Reyes Adobe Rd to egress either eastbound or westbound on US 101 ZONE 2 (Sector 2 & 6)
Use Kanan Rd. southbound to US 101
ZONE3 (Sector 3)
Use Kanan Rd. northbound to Lindero Canyon Rd.
ZONE 4 (Sector 4 & Sector 6 East - See Old Agoura Evacuation Plan; Page 5) ZONE 5 (Sector 7)
Use Reyes Adobe Rd to egress either eastbound or westbound on US 101 Alternate: Agoura Rd (eastbound bound or westbound)
ZONE 6 (Sector 8)
Use Agoura Road, eastbound to Liberty Canyon, to US 101 south ZONE 7 (Sector 9)
Use Liberty Canyon northbound to US 101.
See Old Agoura Evac. Plan
See
Old
Agoura
Evac.
Plan
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5 DRAFT
6 INITIAL ACTIONS AND NOTIFICATIONS
Initial actions will depend on what type of action the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department (LASD) Incident Commander (IC) receives from the Los Angeles County Fire Department. The three standardized evacuation terms include the following:
Evacuation Warning: Potential threat to life and/or property. Those who require additional time to evacuate and those with pets and livestock should at that time.
Evacuation Order: Immediate threat to life. This is a lawful order to leave now. The area is lawfully closed to public access.
Shelter in Place: Go indoors. Shut and lock doors and windows. Prepare to self-sustain until further notice and/or contacted by emergency personnel for additional direction.
LASD Personnel Deployment
The LASD IC will immediately request LASD Response Teams from the Department Operation Center (DOC) and deploy personnel based on the evacuation strategy that is being implemented.
Ingress Traffic Control
Upon notification of an evacuation, LASD will request Caltrans, CHP, to close some, or all, of the following routes INTO the City of Agoura Hills to immediately reduce traffic congestion inside the affected evacuation areas:
1) Kanan Road
Response Organization Notifications
The LASD IC shall notify the following entities for implementation of this evacuation plan.
City of Agoura Hills City Manager 88-597-7308
City of Agoura Hills 818-597-7343 (Public Works)
Cal Trans 323-259-2353
CHP 818-888-0980
LASD - LHS 818-878-1808
Ventura County Sheriff's Department 805-654-2311
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7 Community Notifications
The City of Agoura Hills will issue emergency alerts immediately upon notification of an evacuation, and will use all appropriate notification platforms including the City's disaster and emergency alert systems, and Social Media.
Affected residents will be notified of the following:
1) Which evacuation route(s) will be used
2) Shelter locations (outside of evacuation area, if available at time of notification) 3) Large animal shelters (outside of evacuation area)
EVACUATION ROUTES
These are the seven main evacuation routes to be utilized:
1) Kanan Rd (southbound to US 101)
2) Kanan Rd (Northbound for Sector 3)
3) Reyes Adobe Road (sound bound to US 101)
4) Reyes Adobe Road (north bound to US 101)
5) Agoura Road
6) Chesebro Rd
7) Liberty Canyon
Additional feeder routes include: Colodny Dr., Driver Ave., Fairview Dr.
Due to roadway conditions and existing populations, every effort shall be made to avoid routing additional evacuation traffic onto Kanan Road other than what is specified in the plan, as the City of Malibu has identified Kanan Rd as a possible egress evacuation route. Other route options should be exhausted first.
The LASD IC will determine which evacuation route shall be utilized, based on the following:
1) Incident location
2) Incident conditions (weather, wind, road conditions) 3) Which Zone(s) need to be evacuated
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8 LOGISTICS AND RESPONSIBLE AGENCY MATRIX
The matrix below indicates the equipment needed and agency responsible for implementing each logistics item:
Logistics AGENCY NOTES
LASD LACFD City Caltrans CHP
Deploy portable barricades X X
Notify Contractors to be on
standby
X
Deploy Safety Equipment X
Engage and activate switch on
signal controller - Longer green
cycle
X X
Implement traffic control devices
at intersections X
INTERAGENCY COMMUNICATION
Preplanning Phase
When increased fire risk weather is forecasted, LAFD will notify the City of Agoura Hills via email information about the fire weather forecast and planned augmented staffing. In addition, LAFD will conduct an 11:00 am Conference Call to review critical information with impacted cities.
Initial Phase of an Incident
Initial notification of an emergency Incident in Agoura Hills will be made to the City Manager by phone call or text by either the Incident Commander or the Community Services Liaison. For widespread incidents that affect multiple cities, a group text will be sent advising of the incident.
During the Incident
Further details of the incident will be sent via the Incident Commander or Community Services Liaison via text or by personal cell contact. All information will have been vetted by the Incident Commander and held to be factual and credible until otherwise indicated.
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9 COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC
Communication from the City of Agoura Hills
Upon official notification of an evacuation by LAFD or LASD, the City will begin issuing messages using all available and appropriate communication tools. The City will only post-incident information that has been approved by the agency that has jurisdiction over the incident. However, the City will post emergency and incident information that is directly under the City’s purview. Updated information will be sent as it is received.
Neighborhoods that are under a mandatory evacuation order will receive targeted messages using the City’s Mass Notification System. This system can send a message to a specific area that is drawn on a map and includes landlines, cell phones and e-mails. If warranted, this system is also capable of sending a Wireless Emergency Alert to a broader area.
Messages regarding the evacuation will also be sent out through the City’s other communication channels including:
CodeRed
Website
Social media – Twitter, Facebook and Instagram
Nextdoor
AHTV slides
Message sent to AM Radio Broadcast for dissemination by the news source Communication from the Los Angeles County Fire and Sheriff Once the Incident Public Information Officer arrives, further details will be disseminated by that Public Information Officer. A Media Release will be constructed by the PIO, vetted and approved by the Incident Commander, and then distributed to City representatives to be shared with the public. In addition, LAFD will distribute information to the public via Social Media Platforms, including Twitter, Instagram, and other local media outlets.
Hourly updates will be provided on the LA County Division VII and Lost Hills Sheriff’s Facebook and Twitter page for any incident that affects cities within the Santa Monica Area. This information will come from the Official PIO account and vetted through the Incident Command.
REGIONAL COORDINATION
During an emergency of any level, the City will be in contact and coordination with the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s and Fire Departments, County Public Works, Caltrans, utilities, or any other partner agency that is responding or relevant to the incident.
During a regional emergency declared by the county, state, or federal government, the City will coordinate with the County Office of Emergency Management to ensure unified messaging about incident. In order to ensure unified messaging, the City will only post-incident emergency information that has been approved by the agency that has jurisdiction over the incident. The City may still post-emergency and incident information that is directly under the City’s purview.
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10 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS
Non-English-Speaking Population
Spanish is the second most common language spoken in Agoura Hills. Therefore, the City will issue emergency alerts, evacuation notifications and other emergency information in English and Spanish.
Access and Functional Needs (AFN) Population
The City will make every reasonable attempt to locate and assist people with access and functional needs during an emergency. The City will coordinate with Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Team members, volunteers with Meals on Wheels, Sheriff’s Volunteers on Patrol (VOPs) and other community-based organizations, non-profits and faith groups to conduct wellness checks.
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kimley-horn.com 660 South Figueroa Street, Suite 2050, Los Angeles, CA 90017 213 261 4040 APPENDIX D – WOOLSEY FIRE VOLUNTARY AND MANDATORY EVACUATION DATA
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Zone 1
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Zone 5
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Zone 6 (analyzed separately only on Streetlight)
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Zone 9
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Oak Park
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C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 1-1 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
A. Planning Context
History
The area of what is now Agoura Hills was first settled by the Chumash Indians. By the time of contact with Spanish settlers, the Chumash occupied an area that extended along the California coast from San Luis Obispo County into Los Angeles County, and east to the fringes of the San Joaquin Valley, as well as the Channel Islands. Present day Agoura Hills was occupied by the Ventureno branch of the Chumash, who were a Hokan speaking people. The Chumash were a hunter and gatherer group with a complex culture that included ownership of resources and property, a market economy, an extensive trading network, craft specialists, and large permanent population centers, or villages.
The permanent arrival of the Spanish in the late 1700s heralded the Spanish Colonial period in California, and El Camino Real traversed the area of what is now Agoura Hills. Spanish settlers established large ranches on property received from the King of Spain, where they grazed cows and sheep. Even into the early 20th century, ranching was the area’s dominant industry.
Under Spanish governance, a land grant was issued to Miguel Ortega for the over 17,000 acre Rancho Las Virgenes, a portion of which is now Agoura Hills. Upon Ortega’s death, the grant was abandoned. Rancho Las Virgenes was later given to Jose Maria Dominguez as a Mexican land grant in 1834. Maria Antonia Machado del Reyes purchased the rancho from Dominguez, her uncle, in 1845. Maria Machado’s husband, Jose Jacinto Reyes, was the son of Juan Francisco Reyes who served on the famous Juan Gaspar de Portola expedition. Maria and Jose Reyes’ son, Jose Paulino, built the adobe home in approximately 1850, which was one of the first homes in the area. The Reyes’ ownership continued into the next century, and from 1916 to 1983, the property transferred to owners who shared a common interest in preserving the landmark adobe home. The Reyes’ adobe is now the Reyes Adobe Historical Site, situated along Reyes Adobe Road, which has preserved the artifacts and history of the families that have occupied the Reyes Adobe over time, as well as serving as a cultural landmark representing the California rancho period and its architecture.
By 1900, the area was being used as a popular stage stop for travelers along El Camino Real because of its natural spring at the foothills of Ladyface Mountain, the area’s main defining feature. In the 1920s, Paramount Studios purchased a portion of the Rancho Las Virgenes, just south of what is now the City, with moviemakers using the backdrop of the Santa Monica Mountains for their films, and the community became known as “Picture City.” However, in the late 1920s, Reyes Adobe Historical Site
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1-2 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n a group of residents asked to have a permanent post office established in the area, and the name “Agoura” was given. “Agoura” was derived from the last name of Pierre Agoure, a Basque rancher who had settled in the area in the 1870s as a sheepherder.
Growth in population was slow in the community, due partly to a lack of water.
However, in the late 1950s, the Las Virgenes Municipal Water District was established, and reliable water sources made the Agoura area more attractive for families and businesses. Further growth occurred as a result of the local highway becoming the Ventura Freeway at about this same time. During the late 1960s and the 1970s, expansion continued as large housing tracts and shopping areas, as well as schools, developed. The first housing tracts were in the Hillrise, Liberty Canyon, and Lake Lindero communities.
In 1982, residents voted in favor of Cityhood, and on December 8, 1982 Agoura Hills became the 83rd city in Los Angeles County. This was followed by a building moratorium by the new City Council until a new general plan and municipal code were in place. In 1987, the City adopted its first Municipal Code. The first General Plan was adopted by the City in 1985, and was the City’s first effort at creating a community distinct from the governance of Los Angeles County. In 1993, a comprehensive update to the General Plan was approved. The 1993 General Plan focused on managing growth in the still substantial undeveloped areas, and included several large transportation improvements, particularly at the Ventura Freeway interchanges. It also focused on shaping the design and identity of the City through calling out specific planning areas and districts, and the beginnings of resource conservation efforts were reflected in the 1993 General Plan.
Planning Context
This document is the first update of Agoura Hills’ General Plan in more than seventeen years and is the result of many hours of research and technical studies, the collective efforts of the elected and appointed decision-makers, individuals, and agencies who cumulatively guide and shape land use development and community conservation, and the engagement of numerous individuals throughout the community who have articulated their hopes and expectations for the City’s future.
The majority of Agoura Hills consists of stable, attractive neighborhoods and places that the community desires to protect and enhance, and for which goals and policies of the updated General Plan are intended to foster. The small-town, suburban feel of the community, the natural beauty of its hillsides and open spaces, the quality schools and public services, and the perceived safety of the City create a quality of life that attracts many residents to move to Agoura Hills.
These aspects of the City are what residents value most, and are what they are most interested in preserving.
P L A N N I N G C O N T E X T
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 1-3 This updated General Plan includes a comprehensive update of Land Use and Mobility goals and policies based on technical assessment and evaluation of land use and traffic data, and a substantive review and update of all other policies based on current information provided by City staff. The updated goals and policies in the entirety of the General Plan have been crafted to assure that they reflect the community’s vision for its future.
There have been modest increases in the size of the City’s population since the last General Plan update in 1993, and the community’s concerns regarding protection of the natural environment remain high as well as its desires for sustainable growth and development in Agoura Hills. Sustainability is the capability to equitably meet the vital human needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. As expressed in the community survey conducted in 2006 for the General Plan update, one of the City’s top resources was identified as its natural hillsides and open space setting.
A commitment to the conservation of natural resources ensures the ongoing availability of finite resources, such as a safe water supply, clean air, scenic vistas, and energy resources. This assurance contributes substantially to the physical and psychological health and well-being of the community and strengthens the vitality of the local and regional economic base.
Located in the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains on the western edge of Los Angeles County in the Conejo Valley, the City of Agoura Hills is characterized by rolling hills and a blend of semi-rural and suburban development. The City, which encompasses nearly 7 square miles, straddles the Ventura Freeway and is situated approximately 36 miles west of downtown Los Angeles as shown in Figure 1 (Regional Location). The City is known for its distinct neighborhoods, beautiful natural setting, and extensive recreational resources.
Basic land use patterns are well established in the City, with residential neighborhoods fully developed and limited opportunities for infill development remaining. Agoura Hills’ neighborhoods are viewed as one of the community’s most desirable features, and preservation of these neighborhoods remains a priority of the General Plan. Two specific plans that cover large areas of the community south of Agoura Road have been adopted, including Ladyface Mountain Specific Plan and the Agoura Village Specific Plan. Development of these Specific Plans and infill and reuse of other vacant or underutilized properties along Agoura Road represent the majority of potential new development and redevelopment in the community over the next 25 years as the General Plan is implemented.
The updated General Plan has been prepared to provide a meaningful guide for the future and fulfills statutory requirements. It is comprehensive—providing a framework for the City’s physical, economic, and social development while sustaining natural environmental resources. It is long range—looking ahead to 2035, while at the same time presenting policies to guide day-to-day decisions.
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1-4 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n B. Framework for Planning—
Vision Statement
The General Plan’s goals, policies, and implementation programs define a roadmap to sustain and nurture the qualities and character that contribute to Agoura Hills’ identity as a special community in a unique natural environment.
Underlying these objectives is the vision below, which is reflected in goals throughout the General Plan, and which represents the community’s aspirations for its future.
Agoura Hills is a special place surrounded by the Santa Monica Mountains where oak trees and rolling hills abound. Here we seek to preserve our City’s best qualities while striving to create a better community. The future Agoura Hills is an attractive City of growing sophistication that chooses to retain its small town look and feel. The City remains a safe place, where people live, work, play, and move about in an economically viable and environmentally sustainable community.
Sensitive growth and economic development are means of perpetuating our quality of life. These are balanced with resource conservation, as the City’s semi-rural ranching past, rich history and unique neighborhoods are respected, and open spaces and surrounding hillsides are preserved.
Agoura Hills is a place where its citizens have opportunities to engage in their community through recreation, social and civic activities, schools, and neighborhood organizations.
C. Purpose
The updated Agoura Hills General Plan has been prepared in compliance with the requirements of California Government Code Section 65300 et seq. The Plan is a policy document and much of its content is established by statutory requirements relating to background data, analysis, maps, and exhibits. The legal adequacy of the General Plan is critical, since many City actions and programs are required to be consistent with the Plan
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1-6 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n Intentionally Blank.
P U R P O S E
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 1-7 State law requires each city and county to prepare and adopt a comprehensive long-range general plan for its physical development (California Government Code Section 65300). A comprehensive general plan provides a consistent framework for land use decision-making. The general plan and its maps, diagrams, and development policies form the basis for the City’s zoning, subdivision, and public works actions. Under California law, no specific plan, area plan, community plan, zoning, subdivision map, or public works project may be approved unless the City finds that it is consistent with the adopted general plan.
The State General Plan Guidelines recommend that general plans be updated every five to ten years to ensure that they remain relevant. This is important not only to reflect local physical and demographic changes, but also broader changes in culture and technology.
The General Plan serves as the “constitution” for all policies and regulations pertaining to Agoura Hills’ physical development The general plan must address the seven topics (referred to as “elements”) of land use, circulation, housing, open-space, conservation, safety, and noise (California Government Code Section 65302), to the extent that the topics are locally relevant. It may also include other topics of local interest, as chosen by the local jurisdiction (California Government Code Section 65303). Legislative changes integrated two elements presented in the previous Agoura Hills General Plan, Scenic Highways and Safety, into the Circulation and Safety Elements respectively.
A local jurisdiction may adopt a general plan in the format that best fits its unique circumstances (California Government Code Section 65300.5). In doing so, the jurisdiction must ensure that the general plan and its component parts comprise an integrated, internally consistent, and compatible statement of development policies. The City of Agoura Hills has chosen to adopt a general plan that consolidates the mandatory elements and re-organizes the content by common topic. Important themes are woven throughout the Plan rather than structured as independent topics, such as community livability, sustainability, and global warming. Correspondence between the Agoura Hills General Plan and the legally required general plan topics is shown in the following matrix:
Subdivision
Maps
Develop -
ment
Permit
Conditional
Use
Permits
Variances
Capital
Improve -
ments
Police Power
GENERAL PLAN
Specific Plan
Coastal Plans
Zoning
Redevelopment Plans
Subdivision
Maps
Develop -
ment
Permit
Conditional
Use
Permits
Variances
Capital
Improve -
ments
Subdivision
Maps
Develop -
ment
Permit
Conditional
Use
Permits
Variances
Capital
Improve -
ments
Police Power
GENERAL PLAN
Community Plans
Specific Plan
Zoning
Redevelopment Plans
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1-8 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n Table 1 General Plan Topics
Agoura Hills General Plan Chapters
Legally Required General Plan Topics Land Use Circulation Housing Conservation Open Space Noise Safety Optional Elements
Community Development
Land Use
Economic Development
Historic and Cultural Resources
Infrastructure & Community Services
Mobility
Infrastructure and Utilities
Police and Fire
Public Services
Parks and Recreation
Education
Natural Resources
Biological Resources
Water Resources
Water Quality
Visual Resources
Energy Conservation
Global Warming
Community Safety
Wildland and Urban Fire Hazards
Flood Hazards
Geologic and Seismic Hazards
Hazardous Materials
Crime Prevention & Protection
Emergency Preparedness
Noise
Climate Change
Housing (Under Separate Cover)
Implementation Programs
P R O C E S S
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 1-9 D. Process
The update of the Agoura Hills General Plan involved a process that included a number of elected and appointed officials, residents, and public agencies; the compilation, review, and analysis of substantial amounts of technical data, the preparation of documents that summarized this information; and the input and feedback from community residents and stakeholders in the following steps. A General Plan Advisory Committee (GPAC) was appointed by the City Council to assure ongoing community involvement in the update process. The GPAC met throughout the process to provide feedback to City staff and the consultants, and was instrumental in the development of the updated General Plan. The tenmember GPAC was comprised of two City Council members, two Planning Commissioners, and five “at large” resident representatives from various areas of the City.
The overall update process can be summarized in the following key steps:
■ Resident Survey Regarding General Plan Topics
■ Stakeholder Interviews
■ Background Data Collection
■ Conservation and Transition Area Identification
■ Traffic and Fiscal Impact Analyses
■ Goals, Policies, and Implementation Programs
■ Draft General Plan
■ Environmental Impact Report
These steps are described below.
1. A Resident Survey was the start of the General Plan update process in the summer of 2005 when a survey of the community was conducted to define the issues and topics to be addressed in the updated General Plan. To ensure that the General Plan revision for the City of Agoura Hills reflects the values, priorities, and concerns of all residents—not just those who actively participate in meetings—the City developed and distributed a General Plan survey to all households in the City and commissioned an independent firm to review, analyze, and summarize the data and ensure that the study demographics reflect those of the resident population as a C H A P T E R 1 : I N T R O D U C T I O N
1-10 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n whole. The survey findings represent statistically reliable measures of residents’ opinions on a number of key issues to be addressed in the Plan.
Respondents were invited to participate by mail-in responses or online via the City’s website from the summer of 2005 through December 2005. The survey included resident responses in the areas of land use, circulation, housing, open space, design, and governmental services.
2. Stakeholder Interviews were conducted in March 2006 when 17 Agoura Hills residents, business owners, and representatives of special interests groups participated in interviews facilitated by the City’s General Plan consultant. The interviews were conducted as part of the visioning process for the City’s update of the Land Use and Circulation Elements for the General Plan and were conducted as a series of six small-group sessions that included individuals representing the following community groups:
■ Schools
■ Open Space/Environmental
■ Religious/Cultural/Sports
■ Homeowners’ Associations
■ Business Representatives
■ Residents
The interviews were designed to help determine residents’ opinions in the following areas to inform the preparation of the updated General Plan:
■ What gives Agoura Hills its character
■ What should the community look like in 10 to 20 years ■ What should change; how it should change
■ What should stay the same
■ What is valued but not found within the community at this time
3. Background Data regarding the existing conditions, trends, and projected future conditions for the City’s land use resources, and economic/market conditions were compiled and analyzed. These data served three purposes:
■ As the basis for the articulation of planning issues to be addressed by Plan policy, incorporating all studies required by state law ■ As measures to test the impacts of alternative growth and development scenarios
■ As input for the statutory “Existing Setting” section of the General Plan Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
As the database contains extensive written narrative, tables, and numerous maps, it is physically incorporated into a separate volume that legally is a component of the General Plan and EIR. A brief overview of pertinent baseline and projected conditions is presented in the relevant sections of the General Plan.
P R O C E S S
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 1-11
4. Areas of Conservation and Transition were identified by the GPAC as a means to maintain and enhance the character and quality of life in existing neighborhoods and areas that would not be subject to change, and to focus growth and change in the community to areas that were in need of revitalization to accomplish economic, fiscal or community service objectives consistent with residents vision for long-term growth. Twelve community subareas and districts were identified as areas of transition, and the updated General Plan includes goals that express specific intentions for use, design, character, and implementation that uniquely apply to and differentiate each area. Other goals and policies were identified to preserve and enhance the substantial natural environment, open space resources, and diverse residential neighborhoods which contribute to the high quality of life of enjoyed by Agoura Hills residents.
5. A preliminary Land Use and Development Plan was identified by GPAC in consideration of review and assessment of the areas of conservation and transition and the background research and analyses. The transition areas principally focused on opportunities for re-use and improvement of commercial and business park districts and implementation of planned development in several mixed-use districts in the community. The land use plan was evaluated for its comparative traffic and fiscal impacts. The latter estimated the costs of public services to support the land uses and expected revenues. Cumulative effects on the fiscal balance of the City were assessed.
6. General Plan goals, policies, and implementation programs were updated based on the review of existing policies for their consistency with the selected land use plan; reflection of current issues and community needs; understandability; effectiveness in previous applications; practicality and feasibility; embodiment of state-of-the-art planning practices consistency with current legislation and court decisions; and reflection of community values and City Council policy decisions.
8. The Draft Updated General Plan was published incorporating an overview of background data, goals, policies, and implementation programs for each Plan element/topic. The Draft General Plan was made available for public review and comment in writing or oral testimony at Planning Commission and City Council hearings.
9. A Draft EIR was prepared in accordance with the substantive and procedural requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). From the date of publication, the DEIR is circulated for a 45-day period for public review and comment. Responses to all comments are prepared and incorporated into the Final EIR, which is reviewed and certified by the City Council.
10. The Planning Commission and City Council will conduct public hearings on the Draft General Plan and EIR. In consideration of the public input, the Commission will make recommendations to the City Council regarding the Plan’s content and certification of the Final EIR. The City Council will consider the Commission’s input and conduct additional public hearings.
Based on these, the Council makes its final recommendations and adopts the General Plan with changes, if necessary, and certifies the Final EIR.
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1-12 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n
11. The adopted Agoura Hills General Plan will be published and the goals, policies, and programs contained herein implemented.
E. How to Use the General Plan
The City of Agoura Hills General Plan is intended for use by all members of the community.
If you are an Agoura Hills resident, the General Plan indicates the general types of uses that are permitted around your home, the long-range plans and changes that may affect your neighborhood, and the policies the City will use to evaluate development applications that might affect you and your neighbors.
The Plan indicates how the City of Agoura Hills will attract businesses providing goods and services to meet your daily needs, while contributing revenue to help fund police, fire, recreation, street maintenance, and other services that sustain the quality and livability of your neighborhood. It defines how the City will attract new jobs, providing opportunities for you to work near where you live.
The Plan also informs you regarding how the City plans to improve mobility infrastructure, continue to provide adequate parks, schools, police, fire, and other public services, protect valued open spaces and environmental resources, and protect you from the risks of excessive noise, earthquakes, fires, and other natural hazards. Cumulatively, the Plan identifies the actions the City will take to ensure that the City and your neighborhood retain its economic value and remain a great place to live.
If you are an Agoura Hills business, the Plan outlines the measures the City will take to encourage your future success. Expectations of the City’s business districts are spelled out, while policies ensure that business operations will be compatible with other businesses and nearby residential areas.
If you are interested in developing land within the City or moving your residence or business to the City, the Plan will introduce you to the community. To familiarize yourself with the General Plan, the Land Use and Economic Development goals and policies are useful starting points. However, it is important to review maps and policies throughout this document and the Agoura Hills Municipal Code to get a complete perspective on how and where development may take place.
The General Plan is also a tool to help City staff, the Planning Commission, and the City Council make land use and public investment decisions. It provides the framework for the City’s Zoning Ordinance. It identifies the economic development, mobility and infrastructure improvements, community services, and environmental programs needed to sustain Agoura Hills’ quality of life.
Future development decisions must be consistent with the Plan. Finally, the Plan
H O W T O U S E T H E G E N E R A L P L A N
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 1-13 is intended to help other public agencies, from Caltrans to the local school district, as they contemplate future actions in Agoura Hills.
While the Plan’s narrative text and maps frame the key proposals, the essence of the Plan lies in its goals, policies, and implementation measures. These are declarative statements that set forth the City’s approach to various issues. Goals, policies, and implementation measures are described as follows:
■ Goals describe ideal future conditions for a particular topic, such as traffic congestion or sustainability. Goals tend to be very general and broad. ■ Policies provide guidance to assist the City as it makes decisions relating to each goal. Some policies include guidelines or standards against which decisions can be evaluated.
■ Implementation Measures identify the specific steps to be taken by the City to implement the policies. They may include revisions of current codes and ordinances, guidelines, plans and capital improvements, programs, financing, and other measures that should be assigned to different City departments after the General Plan is adopted.
The diagram on the following page is intended to serve as a “reader’s guide” to the goals and policies of the General Plan.
A simple numbering system is used to facilitate use of the General Plan. This enables the reader to distinguish each topic’s goals, policies, and implementation programs. Each Plan topic is assigned a letter(s). For example, Land Use is “LU,” Mobility is “M,” and so on. Goals are assigned a second order number, i.e., the first goal for Land Use is numbered as “LU-1” and the second is “LU-2.” Policies are assigned a third order number, with the first policy relating to the first Land Use goal being numbered as “LU-1.1” and the first policy relating to the second goal numbered as “LU-2.1.”
All General Plan policies are followed by a set of numbers in parentheses. These numbers reference applicable measures that will be undertaken by the City to implement the policy. There are ten implementation categories, which are generally organized by the topics covered in the General Plan. Each category contains multiple implementation measures that include programs, projects, or other activities that are assigned a second number. The first program listed in category “2,” for example, is numbered “2.1,” while the second measure is numbered “2.2.”
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1-14 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n
SECTION HEADER
The header identifies the chapter (if on an
even-numbered page) or topic (if on an
odd-numbered page).
PHOTOGRAPHS AND DIAGRAMS
Graphical illustration of an
example of the intent of the goals
and policies.
IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM TAG
Each policy is followed by a set of
numbers in italics/parentheses that
identifies the tool or action the City will
use to implement the policy. These
measures are detailed in Chapter 6.
POLICY TITLE
Each policy contains a leading title in
bold for a quick reference to the policy
text.
POLICIES
Each policy is associated with a specific
goal.
PAGE NUMBER
Shows the chapter and page
number (e.g., 4-2 = Chapter 4,
page 2).
POLICY NUMBERING
Continuing from the goal
numbering, the policy number is
shown as the last number,
supporting the goal it follows (e.g.,
Policy NR 1.2 = second policy under
the Natural Resources Element,
first goal.
GOALS
Each goal has one or more policies
associated with the goal.
GOAL NUMBERING
Each goal number starts with the
element acronym and is followed by the
number of the goal (e.g., NR 1 =
Natural Resources Element, first goal).
GOAL TITLE
Each goal contains a leading title in
bold for a quick reference to the goal
text.
G E N E R A L P L A N O R G A N I Z A T I O N
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 1-15 F. General Plan Organization
The General Plan is organized into seven chapters. The first chapter presents information about the Plan’s legislative requirements, applications, organization, process for preparation, and overarching themes that guide all goals, policies, and programs. The following four chapters comprise the Plan’s “elements.” Each presents an overview of its scope, summary of conditions and planning issues, goals, and policies. The sixth chapter describes the broad actions that implement the Plan’s policies, and a glossary of terms is presented in the final chapter.
An overview of the Plan’s chapters is provided below.
1. Introduction describes the General Plan process and introduces the reader to the document.
2. Community Conservation & Development presents goals and policies pertaining to how existing development is to be maintained and enhanced and new development is to occur. Its components address:
a. Land Use (LU) defines where lands are to be conserved and where growth will be targeted, and specifies the types, densities, and design characteristics of uses to be permitted with a map depicting their distribution.
b. Economic Development (ED) specifies strategies for business retention and attraction.
c. Historic and Cultural Resources (HR) defines processes for the preservation of the City’s historic and cultural buildings and sites. d. Housing (H). Though the Housing Element is an integral part of this General Plan, it is separately bound due to the separate schedule for its update required by state law.
3. Infrastructure and Community Services presents goals and policies for the provision of infrastructure and services that support residents and businesses.
a. Mobility (M) provides for the movement of people and goods, including autos, transit, bicycles, and other modes. It addresses key issues such as trip reduction, parking, traffic safety, and neighborhood traffic calming.
b. Infrastructure and Utilities (U) addresses the provision of public infrastructure, including water, sewer, storm drainage, solid waste, electricity, natural gas, and telecommunications.
c. Community Services (CS) addresses the provision of services to meet the needs of residents including recreation and park facilities, recreation programs, trails, police and fire, education, and libraries.
4. Natural Resources (NR) provides for the management of open space and conservation of the City’s biological resources, mineral resources, water resources, visual resources, air quality and energy conservation.
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5. Community Safety (S) prescribes strategies for the protection of the public health and safety of residents, businesses, and visitors to the City, addressing wildland and urban fire hazards, flood hazards, geologic and seismic hazards, crime prevention and protection, hazardous materials, disaster preparedness, and climate change. Policies to mitigate potential impacts of noise are presented in the Noise (N) section.
6. Implementation Program describes the measures to be taken by the City to carry out the goals and policies defined by the General Plan.
7. Glossary defines the terminology used in the General Plan.
G. Related Documents
In addition to goals, policies, and implementation measures presented in this document, the General Plan includes an Appendix that summarizes the General Plan policies addressing climate change contains the following supporting documents:
Appendix A: Summary of General Plan Policies Addressing Climate Change.
Appendix B: Evacuation Analysis
Appendix C: Evacuation Plan
All supporting background data, analyses, and technical reports are available upon request from the City or are posted on the City’s website.
An environmental impact report (EIR) has been prepared for the General Plan in accordance with the substantive and procedural requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The EIR is a separate document that describes environmental conditions in the City, assesses the possible effects of the General Plan, identifies actions that will be undertaken to reduce these impacts, and evaluates the comparative impacts of alternatives to the General Plan. Most of the EIR’s mitigation measures have been incorporated as policy into the General Plan and, consequently, the Plan is generally considered to be “self-mitigating.” The document is considered a “program level” EIR, meaning that it examines the general nature of impacts at a citywide scale. The findings of the EIR help determine the appropriate level of environmental review that should be performed when subsequent projects consistent with the Plan are proposed.
Although the EIR will be certified by the City Council, it is not adopted as a policy document.
I M P L E M E N T I N G A N D A M E N D I N G T H E P L A N C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 1-17 H. Implementing and Amending
the Plan
After the General Plan is adopted, it will be implemented through a variety of ordinances, programs, and activities. These measures are described in Chapter Seven and referenced by applicable policies for each topic “Element.” It will be especially important to review local land use regulations and procedures to ensure that they are consistent with the General Plan. The zoning map must be consistent with the General Plan Land Use Plan and the Zoning Code must be consistent with the land use classification system and the stipulated density/intensity and design and development policies.
The General Plan is intended to be a dynamic document and must be periodically updated to respond to changing community needs. An annual review of the Plan is required to ensure that it remains relevant. Moreover, any of the Plan’s mandatory elements may be amended up to four times a year. Requests for amendments may be submitted by individuals or initiated by the City itself. The most common type of amendment is to change the land use designation for a particular property. Policy and text amendments also may occur. Any proposed amendment will be reviewed to ensure that the change is in the public interest and would not be detrimental to the public health, safety, and welfare.
Environmental review is typically required for General Plan amendments.
I. Climate Change
The issue of global climate change has received greater attention from governments around the world in recent years. Global climate change refers to the change in the average weather of the earth that may be measured by changes in wind patterns, storms, precipitation, and temperature.
Human activities associated primarily with the use of carbon-based fossil fuels have led to changes in the composition of the atmosphere. The combustion of carbon-based fossil fuels creates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), which has caused the earth’s atmosphere to absorb more heat from the sun. The concentration of green house gases in the atmosphere has significantly increased as a result of combustion of fossil fuels primarily associated with automobile use and energy production. Scientists have already observed some of the negative effects of climate change, and expect more changes in the future. Governments, organizations, and private citizens all over the world are looking for ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to create a better future.
In 2006, the California State Legislature took a proactive role in addressing the challenges of climate change with the adoption of the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, Assembly Bill 32 (AB 32). AB 32 focuses on reducing GHG C H A P T E R 1 : I N T R O D U C T I O N
1-18 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n emissions in California. AB 32 requires the California Air Resources Board (CARB), the state agency charged with regulating statewide air quality, to adopt rules and regulations that would achieve GHG emissions equivalent to statewide levels in 1990 by 2020.
A key theme of the City of Agoura Hills’ General Plan is sustainability. The General Plan, inherently through its goals and policies, takes steps to address the challenging issue of climate change by reducing GHG emissions, improving energy efficiency, reducing the urban heat island effect, recycling, and managing water use. The General Plan will reduce GHG emissions primarily through land use patterns that support public transit, increased opportunities for pedestrians, bicycle, and transit-use, and through requirements for “green building” practices and alternative energy systems. Policies also address adaptation to climate change, such as increasing flood protection.
The sources, impacts of, and solutions to climate changes are complex. Climate change and GHG emissions reduction are addressed in the Safety Element and throughout policies and programs of the General Plan. Appendix A, General Plan Policies Addressing Climate Change, includes a table that summarizes, by topic area, Agoura Hills General Plan policies that address climate change, in addition to those in the Climate Change section of the Safety Element.
J. Public Involvement
The General Plan planning process involved a broad spectrum of the community during key phases in development of the document as well as ongoing public input through the active engagement of the General Plan Advisory Committee.
The public and stakeholders were provided the opportunity for involvement throughout the planning process from the initial identification of the issues and topics to be addressed in the General Plan update, to input on a land use framework for the conservation and transition areas of the City.
In an effort to continually involve interested parties in the planning process to obtain valuable feedback, other methods of public outreach over the course of the project included the following:
■ Appointment of GPAC for ongoing involvement in preparation of the Draft General Plan (December 2004/ongoing)
■ General Plan Resident Survey (Summer 2005 through December 2005) Stakeholder Interviews (March 2006)
■ “Big Ideas” Community Meeting (December 2006)
■ Maintaining a mailing list used for notification of community meetings, Planning Commission and City Council meetings regarding the General Plan (ongoing)
■ Periodic status updates on the General Plan posted on the City website (ongoing)
P U B L I C I N V O L V E M E N T
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 1-19 ■ A public scoping meeting to receive public input regarding topics and issue to analyze in the EIR process (May 2009)
■ Publication of a “General Plan Update Fact Sheet” for posting on the City’s website and notification of availability to the General Plan mailing list (July 2009)
■ A public information meeting to provide feedback on key items of the Draft General Plan (July 2009)
■ Planning Commission and City Council Study Sessions on the Draft General Plan (Fall 2009)
■ Planning Commission and City Council public hearings to adopt the Draft General Plan and certify the EIR (Winter 2010)
Chapter 5 COMMUNITY SAFETY
The urban and natural environments of Agoura Hills contain a number of hazards that require special consideration and treatment in the land use planning process to protect the public’s safety. These hazards include flooding, unstable earth conditions, wildland and urban fires, crime, and hazardous materials.
Protection from the risks of natural and man-made hazards, crime, and disease are essential in establishing a sense of well-being for residents and important considerations in attracting new businesses to the City that will provide quality jobs. Goals and policies in this chapter strive to reduce hazards, including the effects of climate change, mitigate noise impacts, provide for emergency response strategies, and coordinate emergency response agencies.
The Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Government’s (COG) Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (20182024) was prepared by the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG to meet the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000.
The 20182024 version updated the original 20052018 Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan. The City of Agoura Hills is one of five cities in the COG, along with the cities of Malibu, Westlake Village, Calabasas and Hidden Hills. The mission of the Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan is to promote sound public policy and programs in the City of Agoura Hills and other COG member cities to protect the public, critical facilities, infrastructure, private and public properties, and the environment from natural and human generated hazards. The Hazard Mitigation Plan contains risk assessments and hazard mitigation goals and strategies. It addresses areas of earthquake, wildfire, climate change, energy disruption, landslide and debris flows, windstorm, and flood/severe winter storm, among other topics. The Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Government’s Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan is incorporated herein by reference.
The hazard and risk reduction strategies contained in the Hazard Mitigation Plan are complementary to the goals and policies of the General Plan.
A. Flood Hazards (S)
The Las Virgenes-Malibu area, including the City of Agoura Hills, is situated near the western portion of the Santa Monica Mountains and has experienced flooding in the past from major winter storm events, although there has been no significant historic flooding. Flooding poses a threat to life and safety and can cause severe damage to public and private property. Due to the natural mountainous terrain as well as changes in the landscape (due to development) and natural disasters such as wildfire, flooding can be a factor in the area.
In Agoura Hills, potential flood hazards may result from overflow of natural watercourses and man-made drainage systems due to excessive and unusual storm runoff. Agoura Hills does not have a significant flooding problem, as the City’s flood control facilities and storm drainage system generally have sufficient capacity to adequately protect developed areas from excessive storm runoff. However, heavy rains can result in flooding on City roadways, such as along Thousand Oaks Boulevard near Lake Lindero Drive. Figure S-1 (Hazards) displays Flood control and storm water
facilities
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5-2 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)-recognized zones subject to flooding and other hazards within the community.
The Los Angeles County Department of Public Works (LACDPW) presently owns and maintains three major flood control facilities in Agoura Hills. These facilities are the Lindero Canyon Channel, the Chesebro Canyon Channel, and parts of Medea Creek. Two major drainage channels not maintained by the LACDPW are the Palo Comado Canyon and Liberty Canyon. With the exception of the Palo Comado Canyon, these drainages are unchannelized or are maintained as semi-natural and are located in open space corridors. • The Lindero Canyon Channel provides flood protection for the west drainage flow from Lindero Canyon. This canyon extends into Ventura County, well beyond the City of Agoura Hills northerly boundary.
• The Chesebro Canyon Channel provides controlled drainage for the east drainage area of the City.
Chesebro Canyon Channel intercepts the flows from Chesebro Canyon, and Palo Comado Canyon.
Both canyons extend into Ventura County, beyond the City of Agoura Hills northern boundary line.
• Medea Creek is partially improved between Agoura Road and north to the Ventura County line.
Medea Creek provides flood control protection for the central drainage area of the City. Medea Creek intercepts flow from Medea Creek Canyon, extending into Ventura County.
The following goals and policies provide the City with guidance in reducing present and future flood hazards.
Goal S-1
Protection from Flood Hazards. Minimize risk to residents, workers, and visitors from flood hazards.
Policies
S 1.1 Coordination of Drainage Improvements. Locate and improve deficiencies in the storm drain system to prevent local flooding problems in the City. (Imp U 21) S-1.2 New Development. Require new development to upgrade storm drains to handle the increased runoff generated from the development sites, in accordance with adopted City standards, which include but are not limited to Los Angeles County Public Works Design Manuals. (Imp U 20, U 22)
S-1.3 Facility Use or Storage of Hazardous Materials. Require that all facilities storing, using, or otherwise involved with substantial quantities of on-site hazardous materials within flood zones comply with applicable standards of elevation, anchoring, and flood proofing, and that hazardous materials be stored in watertight containers. (Imp S-1) S-1.4 SEMS Plan. Ensure that the City’s Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) Plan is evaluated annually and revised as required, that the current mitigation strategies addressing flood hazards are implemented, and that effective public outreach and education are included. (Imp S-2)
S-1.5 Preservation of Flood Plains. Preservation of flood plains as open space shall be considered, as feasible, as an alternative to channelization. (Imp S-3) C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 5-3 S-1.6 Floodplain Requirements. Regulate development within floodplains in accordance with the County, state and federal requirements, and maintain the City’s eligibility under the National Flood Insurance Program. (Imp S-1)
S-1.7 Flood Mitigation Design. Require that new development incorporates sufficient measures to mitigate flood hazards, including the design of on-site drainage systems linking with citywide storm drainage, grading of the site so that runoff does not impact adjacent properties or structures on the site, and elevation of any structures above any flooding elevation. (Imp U-19, U-20, U-21, U-22, S-1)
S-1.8 Natural Infrastructure. Incorporate and/or restore naturally occurring landscape features and ecosystem processes in development projects to mitigate flood danger, purify and store water, and reduce urban storm water runoff to the extent feasible. Consider such natural infrastructure as riparian buffers, wetlands, urban forestry, and permeable pavers. (Imp S-14) S-1.9 Development in Flood Zones. Limit new development in Flood Zones A and AE, in accordance with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and City Building Code requirements, and assess properties for flooding vulnerabilities in these zones. (Imp S-1, S-15) S-1.10 Public Outreach and Education. Provide public outreach, education and engagement by communicating flood warning and severe weather event information and appropriate responses to the public, such as areas to avoid. (Imp, S-16, S-23) S-1.11 Flooding Emergency Evacuation Plan. Develop an emergency evacuation plan for flooding and develop an emergency evacuation notification system. (Imp S-16, S-20) S-1.12 Roadway and Transportation Facilities. Identify roadway and transportation facility improvements needed within the City to address flooding, and coordinate with relevant transportation agencies to implement the improvements. (Imp S-15, S-18) S-1.13 Siting of Critical Facilities and Infrastructure. Encourage the location and development of new essential public facilities outside of flood hazard zones to the extent feasible. (Imp S-17) S-1.14 Coordination with Flood Protection Agencies. Maintain a cooperative working relationship with the County of Los Angeles Flood Control District and other public agencies to ensure the structural and operational integrity of essential public facilities during flooding. (Imp S-18) Lindero Canyon Road
Rolling
Reyes Adobe Rd
Meadow Vista Wy
Rainbow Crest Dr
Adobe Rd
Middle Crest Dr Agoura Rd
Hillrise Dr
Quail Run Dr
Grey Rock Rd
Fountainwood St.
Timberlane St.
Capricorn Ave
Fairview Pl
Argos St
Country Glen Rd
Palo Comado Canyon Creek
Thousand Oaks Bl
Bertrand Dr
Ridgeway Dr
Castlehill Dr
Ventura Freeway
Laro Dr
Kanan Road
Eagleton St.
Carell Ave
Driver Ave
Ridge Dr
Cheeseboro Canyon
Canwood St
Kanan Rd
Kanan Road
Lewis RdDorothy Dr
Fairview
Pl
Triunfo Canyon
Roadside Dr
Lewis Ln
Foothill Drive
Colodny Dr
Chesebro Rd
Blythedale Rd
Agoura Rd
Lo st Hills R d
Liberty Canyon Rd
Woodbrook D r
Forest Cove Lane
View Dr
Lindero Dr
Lake
Rainbow
Reyes
Mainmast Dr
Lake Lindero Dr
Santa Monica Mountains
National Recreation Area
Westlake Westlake
Village Village
VENTURA VENTURA
COUNTY COUNTY
LOS ANGELES LOS ANGELES
COUNTY COUNTY
LOS ANGELES LOS ANGELES
COUNTY COUNTY
Ladyface Mountain
Specific Plan
Agoura Village
Specific Plan
CITY of AGOURA HILLS
General Plan Update
Figure S-1
D21377_Agoura_Hills\Public Safety Management.mxd
Source: City of Agoura Hills Fire Hazard, 2009; FEMA Q3; USGS Seamless Data Distribution System, 2009
HAZARDS
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 0.125
Miles
Entire City is in a Very High Fire Hazard Severity
Zone
Legend
Slopes > 10% Note: See Policy S-2.2
County Boundary
Streams
City Limits
Special Flood Hazard Area 1% Annual
Chance Flood (Zone A - No
base flood elevations determined)
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C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 5-5 B. Geological and Seismic Hazards (S)
Slope Stability Hazards
Slope stability is a major environmental concern in the developed hillside areas of the City. Several areas are prone to such stability problems as landslides, mudslides, slumping, and rockfalls. Development occurring within close proximity to these geologic conditions may endanger the public’s safety. Landslides have occurred in the mountainous portions of Agoura Hills. (Figure S 1).
Shallow slope failures, such as mudslides and slumping, have occurred in the City, especially where graded cut and fill slopes have been poorly constructed or not properly maintained. Mudslides have the potential to occur with great suddenness and destructive force, thereby constituting a significant threat to life and property in hillside areas. Soil slumping is a slower process that can also potentially cause extensive structural damage, although it is not as life threatening as the other soil stability hazards. Rockfalls are generally associated with seismic groundshaking and are a potential hazard for developments located at the base of steep slopes that have fractured rock outcroppings. Rockfall hazard is greatest during strong earthquakes.
Expansive Soil Hazard
Soils that expand when exposed to water are considered expansive soils. Another important concern is the shrink/swell behavior and erodibility of soils in the City. Ungraded native soils in the lowland portions of the City exhibit the highest potential for shrinkage and swelling, and would have to be removed or extensively modified before development could occur.
Soil Erosion Hazard
Soil erosion typically results from concentrated runoff on unprotected slopes or along unlined stream channels. Soil erosion has largely been reduced throughout most of the City due to soil coverage by various land uses and the construction of flood control facilities. However, the undeveloped hillside and mountainous areas of the City could experience substantial erosion from runoff if the vegetation cover is destroyed by brushfire or removed by grading operations.
Seismic Hazards
Agoura Hills’, significant seismic hazard is caused by potential groundshaking on the Simi–Santa Rosa Fault, Oak Ridge Fault, and San Cayetano Fault. The Simi– Santa Rosa Fault is approximately 7 miles from Agoura Hills and the Oak Ridge Fault and San Cayetano Fault are located 17 miles and 18 miles from the City respectively.
The Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zone Act requires the State Geologist to delineate “special studies zones” along known active faults in California. Cities and counties affected by the zones must regulate certain development “projects” within the zones. No Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zones have been identified within the City of Agoura Hills.
C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
5-6 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n Landslides
Although landslides can result from improper grading practices, no major structural damage apparently has occurred in the City as a result of deep-seated-bedrock instability triggered by grading practices.
Superficial slides, however, have occurred locally on graded cut-and-fill slopes in a few tract developments. One such problem area has been in Liberty Canyon, south of the Ventura Freeway. The majority of shallow-slope failures occur on the moderate-to-steep, soil-covered natural slopes. Figure S 2 (Landslide Areas) displays areas subject to landslides within the community.
Subsidence
The phenomenon of widespread land sinking, or subsidence, is generally related to the over pumping of groundwater or petroleum reserves from deep underground reservoirs. Subsidence is not related to any surface activity. No recognized subsidence has been identified in the City.
Because of the generally limited groundwater resources contained in the relatively shallow alluvial basin, and because of the low probability of significant future oil production, the likelihood of significant subsidence occurring in the City is considered very minimal.
Local Seepage Problems
Surfacing groundwater causing boggy ground, or heavy rains giving rise to ephemeral springs, may occur locally because of the natural or artificial barriers to subsurface water flow. Such areas are generally known from historic records. New grading activities, however, may encounter other springs or seepage areas. In most instances, surfacing water is a nuisance problem rather than a hazard to building sites or slope stability. Nevertheless, the need for mitigation measures during development should be anticipated in potentially affected areas.
Soil Percolation
The soil and bedrock formations throughout the entire area have generally very poor (slow) percolation rates because of their generally fine-grained or indurated (cemented) nature. The most significant development constraint or hazard resulting from poor soil percolation would be limitations on the feasibility of on-site sewage disposal systems, and the potential for creating slope stability problems.
Source: California Department of Conservation and
Geological Survey (CGS) GIS Information Warehouse.
Figure S-2
CITY of AGOURA HILLS
General Plan Update
Landslide Areas
LEGEND
Landslide Zones
City Boundary
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5-8 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n Liquefaction
Buildings above liquefiable soils may settle or tip due to a loss of bearing capacity of the soil. Liquefaction occurs when soil drains in loose, saturated silty, sandy, or gravel soils attempt to rearrange themselves in a denser configuration when subjected to strong earthquake ground motions. The resulting increase in pressure of the water in the voids of the soil temporarily transforms the soil into a fluid, causing the soil to lose much of its strength. As the pore-water pressure builds, ground water and liquefied soil may find their way to the surface, creating sand boils on the ground surface. Several types of damaging ground failures can occur due to liquefaction including lateral spreading, ground settlement and sink holes.
Lateral spreading occurs when the subsurface soil liquefies. Gravity and inertial forces from the earthquake cause the mass to move downslope. Lateral spreading can occur on very shallow slopes (nearly flat ground) and they can cause ground displacements ranging from inches to tens of feet. This type of movement can damage utilities and structures supported by shallow or deep foundations. Portions of Agoura Hills are in liquefaction zones. See Figure S-3 (Liquefaction Zones) that presents areas in the community susceptible to liquefaction.
The following goal and policies provide the City with guidance in reducing and/or avoiding geological and seismic hazards by requiring enforcement of safety standards, state-of-the-art site design and construction methods, and mitigation to minimize the impacts of new development.
Goal S-2
Protection from Geologic Hazards. Minimized adverse effects to residents, public and private property, and essential services caused by seismic and geologic hazards.
Policies
S 2.1 Review Safety Standards. Regularly review and enforce all seismic and geologic safety standards, including the City’s Building Code, and require the use of best management practices (BMPs) in site design and building construction methods. (Imp S-4) S-2.2 Geotechnical Investigations. Require geotechnical investigations to determine the potential for ground rupture, groundshaking, landslides, and liquefaction due to seismic events, as well as expansive soils and subsidence problems on sites, including steep slopes, except where the Building Official determines such hazards are not present. (Imp S-4) S-2.3 Retrofit Critical Facilities. Encourage the upgrade, retrofitting, and/or relocation of all existing critical facilities (e.g., schools, police stations, fire stations, and medical facilities) and other important public facilities that do not meet current building code standards and are within areas susceptible to seismic or geologic hazards. (Imp S-5) S-2.4 Funding Programs. Pursue federal and state programs to provide additional protection against seismic activity. (Imp S-6)
C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
5-10 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n C. Wildland and Urban Fire Hazards (S)
The City of Agoura Hills is susceptible to both urban and wildland fire hazards. For thousands of years, wildland fires have been a natural part of the ecosystem in Southern California. However, wildfires present a substantial hazard to life and property in Agoura Hills and other nearby communities in the Las Virgenes-Malibu region where hillsides and mountainous areas interface with urban areas. Natural vegetation that covers the undeveloped hillsides that surround the community contributes to scenic beauty but may also provide fuel to support a large wildfire.
Wildfire hazards can be magnified by various factors, including fuel load, weather conditions, topography, and property characteristics.
Fire Hazard Zones
The State of California maps Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ) throughout the state. A FHSZ is a mapped area that designates zones (based on factors such as fuel, slope, and fire weather) with varying degrees of fire hazard (i.e., moderate, high, and very high). The FHSZ maps evaluate wildfire hazards, which are physical conditions that create a likelihood that an area will burn over a 30- to 50-year period. The Zones also include FHSZ for State Responsibility Area lands and separate Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones for Local Responsibility Area lands. Moderate, high, and very high FHSZs are found in areas where the state has financial responsibility for fire protection and prevention (SRA). Only very high FHSZs are found in Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs).
California Government Code Section 51179 requires the City to adopt an ordinance designating Moderate, High, and Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in the City. Following the adoption of the State Fire Hazard Severity Zones by the State Fire Marshal in 2025, the City adopted Ordinance No. 25-479, which updated the City’s Moderate, High, and Very High Fire Hazard Zones. Figure S-4 (Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones) presents areas in the community that are located within the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFSHZ) visually depicts the fire hazard severity zones within the City as identified by the State Fire Marshal. The majority of the City is located in the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFHSZ). The entire portion of the City south of U.S. Highway 101 is in the VHFHSZ. Some of the lands in the zone are in designated open space preserved areas, where development is not allowed. Other lands in the zone are either currently developed or are vacant and zoned for development, including commercial, light industrial and residential uses. Figure LU-2 (Land Use Diagram) in Chapter 2, Community Conservation and Development, shows the planned land use designations of land throughout the City, which can be compared to Figure S-4.
The City is in a Local Responsibility Area, where the County of Los Angeles Fire Department provides fire prevention and protection services.
The hillside areas in Agoura Hills
are susceptible to wildfires
Figure S-4
Source: CAL FIRE Fire Hazard
Severity Zones
CITY of AGOURA HILLS
GENERAL PLAN UPDATE
FIRE HAZARD
SEVERITY ZONES
C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
5-12 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n Historical Record of Significant Fires
The Las Virgenes-Malibu COG Region has a long history of wildland fires. In fact, over the past 110 years, nearly the entire Las Virgenes-Malibu Region has been impacted by fire. Major fires since 20032005 in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region are provided in Table S-1 (History of Fire Events in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region). While not all fires in the local Santa Monica Mountains are listed, other fires have occurred nearby but outside the COG area, including the Palisades Fire of 2021 in Topanga Canyon and Pacific Palisades.
Table S-1 History of Fire Events in the Las Virgenes Malibu Region Fire Name Year Estimated Acreage Structure Loss
Woolsey Fire 2018 96,949 1,643
Lost Fire 2008 167 00
Corral Fire) 2007 4,901 53
Malibu Canyon Fire 2007 4,565 22
Sherwood Fire 2006 168 0
Topanga Fire 2005 24,175 323
Pacific Fire 2003 806 0
Source: 20172024 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments, Table 130134.
Urban fires are also a risk for the community; these can result from a number of causes, including arson, carelessness, home or industrial accidents, or from ignorance of proper safety procedures. Fire protection services in the City are provided by the Los Angeles County Fire Department.
Emergency Evacuation
The Los Angeles County General Plan Safety Element identifies Kanan Road as a designated Highway Disaster Route and U.S. 101 Freeway as a Freeway Disaster Route. Disaster Routes are not Evacuation Routes. An emergency may warrant a road to be used as both a disaster route (e.g., access for emergency response vehicles) and an evacuation route.
The Draft Safety Element of the Los Angeles County General Plan Update Safety Element indicates that Kanan Cornell Road is an “possible evacuation route” Evacuation Route (Draft Evacuation Routes Map Figure 12.9, Los Angeles County Department of Regional Planning, August 2021). The map note states, “This map shows possible evacuation routes: public, paved through roads. However, a viable evacuation route is situational, context-specific, and subject to change. During an emergency, emergency responders will determine which of these routes to use.”
In 2019, two separate bills (AB 747 and SB 99) were signed into law that added new requirements for disclosing residential development without at least two points of ingress and egress and addressing the C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 5-13 presence and adequacy of evacuation routes in the General Plan Safety Element. SB 99 (2019) amended Government Code § 65302(g)(5) to require that, upon the next revision of the housing element on or after January 1, 2020, the Safety Element must be updated to include information identifying residential developments in hazard areas that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes (i.e., points of ingress and egress). Figure S-5 (Streets Lacking Two Emergency Evacuation Routes) depicts those areas in the City that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes. In these instances, there is only one route from which to evacuate, due to the street system and natural barriers, including topography. Most of the streets are in the Old Agoura area in the northeast portion of the City. Though lacking adequate two-way evacuation routes, the City has prepared an emergency traffic control plan for the Old Agoura neighborhood. Three streets lacking adequate two emergency evacuation routes are in the Indian Hills area of the City, situated south of the U.S. 101 Freeway. All the streets in this area of the City would use Agoura Road for emergency evacuation. There is one street in the Liberty Canyon area of the City that lacks adequate two emergency evacuation routes and all. All streetsin this area would evacuate to Agoura Road and the U.S. 101 Freeway.
Per Government Code § 65302.15 (AB 747), as amended by AB 1409 in 2021, upon the next revision of a local hazard mitigation plan adopted in accordance with the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106‐390), on or after January 1, 2022, the safety element adopted pursuant to Government Code § 65302(g) must be reviewed and updated as necessary to identify evacuation routes and their capacity, safety, and viability and evacuation locations under a range of emergency scenarios. A county or city that has adopted a local hazard mitigation plan, emergency operations plan, or other document that fulfills commensurate goals and objectives may use that information in the safety element to comply with this requirement and, in that event, shall summarize and incorporate into the safety element that other plan or document.
To comply with Government Code § 65302.15 requirements, the City has prepared an Evacuation Analysis that identifies evacuation routes and their capacity, safety, and viability, and evacuation locations under a range of emergency scenarios. The Evacuation Analysis is attached to the General Plan as Appendix B and incorporated herein by reference. Emergency evacuation zones are identified in the City’s Evacuation Plan (2022), which is attached to the General Plan as Appendix C and incorporated herein by reference.
The City is currently preparing an evacuation plan for the entire City. The County of Los Angeles is also currently preparing an evacuation plan for areas within its jurisdictional boundaries.
Fuel Modification
Fuel Modification consists of vegetation treatments near structures to create defensible space for effective fire protection. The County of Los Angeles Fire Department, Fuel Modification Unit, is responsible for approving landscape plans as part of new development in the City of Agoura Hills to ensure fuel modification measures are met. The Fuel Modification Unit staff reviews the structure location and type of construction, topography, slope, vegetation type and overall site setting.
The County of Los Angeles Fire Department, Brush Clearance Unit, along with the County Department of Agricultural Commissioner/Weights and Measures, Weed Hazard and Pest Abatement Bureau requires the annual clearance of brush by owners of improved and unimproved properties in proximity to structures. The Brush Clearance Unit enforces the Fire Codes as they relate to brush clearance on parcels and coordinates inspection and compliance efforts.
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C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 5-15 The following goals and policies address the risks of fire hazards in the community. Related goals and policies addressing fire and emergency services and water supplies and conservation that serve the City are included in Chapter 3 (Infrastructure and Community Services).
Goal S-3
Protection from Fire Hazards. Minimize risks to persons and property in Agoura Hills from urban and wildland fires.
Policies
S 3.1 Coordination with the Los Angeles County Fire Department. Cooperate with the Los Angeles County Fire Department in evaluating re-development after significant fires and in periodically evaluating services and service criteria to ensure that the City continues to receive adequate fire protection and prevention services, and in preparation of the County evacuation plan. (Imp CS 26)
S 3.2 Wildfire Mitigation. Coordinate with the Los Angeles County Fire Department on appropriate wildland fire mitigation. (Imp CS 26)
S 3.3 New Development. Continue to ensure that all new development meets current state, county, and City fire safe building code requirements, as appropriate, such as the California Fire Code and California Building Code, including development in the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone. (Imp CS 26, CS-30)
S 3.4 Fire Protection Systems. Require all new commercial and multiple-unit residential developments to install fire protection systems, as required by the state and City buildings and fire codes, and encourage the use of automatic sprinkler systems in existing structures. (Imp CS 30)
S 3.5 Funding. Ensure that new developments pay a pro-rata share for increased fire protection as necessitated by that particular development. (Imp S 7, CS-26) S 3.6 Fire Inspection. Work with the County Fire Department to ensure an ongoing fire inspection program to reduce fire hazards associated with critical facilities, public assembly facilities, industrial buildings, and nonresidential buildings. (Imp CS 26) S 3.7 SEMS Plan. Incorporate and periodically review fire prevention and protection procedures in the City’s Standardized Emergency Management Systems (SEMS) Plan. (Imp S 2) S 3.8 Fire Department Review. Continue review by the Los Angeles County Fire Department of proposed structures and developments within the community, as applicable, to assure adequacy of structural fire protection, access for fire fighting, water supply, and vegetation management. (Imp CS 26, CS-30, S-8)
S-3.9 Disaster Communication. Improve disaster coordination and communication with other public agencies. (Imp S-19, CS-26, CS-27)
S-3.10 Emergency Evacuation. Plan for emergency evacuation, including identifying standards for evacuation, and maintain adequate departure paths especially in areas that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes (i.e., points of ingress and egress). (Imp S-20) C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
5-16 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n S-3.11 Emergency Access. Ensure new development has adequate emergency access through sufficient road widths according to the Los Angeles County Fire Department standards, which are currently 26 feet wide for single-story structures and 28 feet wide for multi-story structures, as well as adequate, visible street address signage to identify buildings. (Imp CS-30) S-3.12 Fuel Load. Work to minimize fuel loads, or the amount of material that can be burned, within the wildland/urban interface within the City to the extent feasible, in coordination with the County Fire Department and other relevant agencies. (Imp S-22) S-3.13 Public Education. Limit risk of wildfire through public education and planning, including working with community groups, including at risk populations, and other agencies to present information and training about evacuation, wildfire prevention and awareness, and defensible space. (Imp S-23)
S-3.14 Siting of Critical Facilities and Infrastructure. Encourage the location and development of new essential public services, such as health care facilities, emergency shelters, fire stations, and infrastructure outside of the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone, to the extent feasible. (Imp S-17)
S-3.15 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. Implement measures of the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan relevant to the City, and work to ensure the Hazard Mitigation Plan is periodically updated. (Imp S-21) S-3.16 Building Code. Continue to update the City’s Building Code as necessary by incorporating structural hardening measures, such as fire rated roofing and fire resistant construction materials, and other measures to protect structures in a fire. (Imp S-24) S-3.17 Communication Systems. Continue to evaluate and update communications systems in the City to provide early warning and notification about wildfire threats. (Imp S-16) S-3.18 Maintain Availability of Fire Hazard Maps. Maintain collection of maps relating to fire hazards to help educate and assist builders and homeowners in mitigating against wildfire. Imp S-21, S25) S-3.19 Home Hardening. Promote the use of home hardening techniques that increase a structure’s resistance to heat, flames, and embers through education and training. (Imp S-23) S-3.20 Water Supply and Fire Flow. Work cooperatively with the Las Virgenes Municipal Water District and the Los Angeles County Fire Department, as appropriate, to ensure adequate water supply and facilities, including fire flow, for fire-fighting to serve all areas and populations of the City. (Imp U-5, CS-26)
S-3.21 Site Specific Fire Protection. Require applicants for new and re - development projects in the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFHSZ) to prepare a project-specific fire protection plan as part of initial application submittal. The fire protection plan shall at a minimum identify site ingress/egress, evacuation routes, emergency vehicle access, visible home addressing and signage, and fuel modification zones. (Imp S-26)
S-3.22 Existing Non-Conforming Development. Work with owners of developed property that does not meet current fire safety standards for access, water supply and fire flow, signage and C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 5-17 vegetation clearance in the VHFHSZ, and provide guidance on how to meet the standards. (Imp S-30, S-23, CS-26)
Goal S-3.a
Limiting Fire Hazards. Limiting fire hazard through brush and weed abatement, and encouraging landscape planting appropriate to fire prone areas.
Policies
S-3.a.1 Fuel Modification. Ensure that roads and new development comply with the vegetation clearance and fuel modification requirements of the Los Angeles County Fire Department while protecting natural resources and habitat to the extent feasible, and encourage design that minimizes the need for fuel modification on public parklands. (Imp S-8, CS-30) S-3.a.2 Vegetation Management. Coordinate with the County of Los Angeles Fire Department in implementing the County’s Vegetation Management Program, which develops strategies responding to fire hazards by analyzing wilderness fire history, considering different methods of reducing and removing fuels, and evaluating the environmental effects of such practices. (Imp S-21, CS-26).
S-3.a.3 Fire Appropriate Planting. Provide information to the public on plant and tree species, including native species, that are fire adapted or fire resistant. (Imp S-23) C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
5-18 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n D. Crime Prevention and Protection (S)
Part of the quality of life sought in Agoura Hills is a feeling of security and safety from criminal activity. To keep the City a safe place, it is essential that the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department maintain adequate law enforcement operations in Agoura Hills. The following goal and policies serve to enhance public safety in the City through maintenance of adequate law enforcement services.
Goal S-4
Protection from Crime. Persons and property in Agoura Hills protected from criminal activities.
Policies
S-4.1 Support Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department. Support the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department in periodically evaluating services and service criteria to ensure that the City continues to receive adequate law enforcement services. (Imp CS-26)
S-4.2 Agency Cooperation. Continue to cooperate with the California Highway Patrol and other nearby law enforcement agencies, such as the Ventura County Sheriff’s Department, to provide backup police assistance in emergency situations. (Imp CS-26)
S-4.3 Public Education. Encourage citizen participation in public safety programs, such as Neighborhood Watch, and facilitate educational programs dealing with personal safety awareness. (Imp CS-30, CS-31)
S-4.4 Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED). Use defensible space concepts (site and building lighting, visual observation of open spaces, secured areas, etc.) in the design of all new development. (Imp CS-32)
S-4.5 Development Review. Provide for law enforcement review of applicable projects as part of the review process. (Imp S-9)
S-4.6 Evacuation Planning. Coordinate evacuation planning among the Los Angeles County Fire and Sheriff’s departments, the California Highway Patrol, the City of Agoura Hills Community Emergency Response Team (CERT), and law enforcement agencies in other local jurisdictions. (Imp S-2)
Police services in the City are
provided by the Los Angeles County
Sheriff’s Department
C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 5-19 E. Hazardous Materials (S)
The ongoing generation, use, and transportation of hazardous materials can constitute a threat to the safety of the community.
The transport of hazardous materials on the Ventura Freeway is an important safety issue in the City. The numerous residential, commercial, and industrial developments lying within the freeway corridor face a potential risk of exposure to hazardous materials if a freeway accident involving a vehicle transporting hazardous materials were to occur.
Another important safety issue involves underground facilities, such as storage tanks and natural gas pipelines. Motor vehicle fuels and other toxic substances escaping from these tanks have the potential to seriously contaminate soils and local groundwater.
Agoura Hills is underlain by a network of natural gas pipelines, the largest of which is a 15-inch transmission line traversing the northwestern corner of the City. Natural gas is distributed under high pressure, thereby increasing its explosive potential. Natural gas leaks and explosions can occur as a result of either strong earthquakes or accidental rupture of gas lines during excavation operations at construction sites. Hazardous materials are present throughout the City, but are widely varied in terms of both quantity and type. Such uses as light industry, dry cleaners, and automotive service shops routinely utilize solvents and other toxic substances, and also generate hazardous wastes, which must be properly disposed in compliance with strict federal and state regulations. Households also utilize and store materials that could be considered hazardous, although usually not of the same type and quantity as commercial and industrial uses.
Goal S-5
Protection from Hazardous Materials. Residents, visitors, property, and the natural environment in Agoura Hills are protected to the maximum extent feasible by the use, storage, or transport of hazardous materials.
Policies
S-5.1 Inter-jurisdictional Coordination. Continue to coordinate with and support the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department and Fire Department in carrying out inspections, emergency response, and enforcement of hazardous materials and waste compliance procedures for Agoura Hills. (Imp S-2)
S-5.2 Hazardous Waste Collection. Conduct frequent and convenient household hazardous waste round-ups. (Imp U-36)
S-5.3 Educate Residents/Businesses. Educate residents and businesses regarding methods to reduce or eliminate the use of hazardous materials, including the disposal of household hazardous materials, including medications, batteries, e-waste, etc., and the use of safer nontoxic equivalents. (Imp U-36, NR-14, U-34)
S-5.4 Hazardous Materials Regulation. Work with relevant agencies regarding enforcement of applicable laws requiring all users, producers, and transporters of hazardous materials and C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
5-20 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n wastes to clearly identify the materials that they store, use, produce, or transport, and to notify the appropriate county, state, and federal agencies in the event of a violation. (Imp S-10) S-5.5 Known Areas of Contamination. Require proponents of projects in known areas of contamination from oil operations or other uses to perform comprehensive soil and groundwater contamination assessments, and undertake remedial procedures, as appropriate, prior to grading and development. (Imp S-11)
S-5.6 Siting of Sensitive Uses. Protect sensitive uses, such as schools, medical facilities and hospitals, daycare facilities, eldercare facilities, and residential, from significant impacts from uses that generate, use, or store hazardous materials. (Imp S-12, S-13) C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 5-21 F. Emergency Preparedness (S)
The Las Virgenes–Malibu Council of Governments Multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (20182024) includes resources and information to assist cities, residents, public and private sector organizations, and others interested in participating in planning for hazards. The Hazard Mitigation Plan provides a list of activities and agencies that may assist the City in reducing risk and preventing loss from future hazard events. The strategies address earthquakes, wildfires, climate change, energy disruption, landslide and debris flow, windstorm, flood and severe winter storm, terrorism, and mass violence.
Goal S-6
Preparation for Natural or Manmade Disasters. Effective emergency response to natural or human-induced disasters that minimize the loss of life and damage to property, and also reduce disruptions in the delivery of vital public and private services during and following a disaster.
Policies
S-6.1 The SEMS Plan. Maintain and implement the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) Plan to address disasters, such as earthquakes, flooding, hazardous material spills, epidemics, fires, extreme weather, accidents, and terrorism. (Imp S-2) S-6.2 Post-Disaster Response. Plan for the continued function of critical facilities following a major disaster to help prevent major problems during post-disaster response, such as evacuations, rescues, large numbers of injuries, and major cleanup operations. (Imp CS-2, CS-27, CS-28) S-6.3 Emergency and Disaster Preparedness Exercises. Coordinate with Los Angeles County and other jurisdictions to conduct emergency and disaster-preparedness exercises to periodically test operational and emergency plans. (Imp CS-27, S-2)
S-6.4 Mutual Aid Agreements. Continue to participate in mutual-aid agreements to ensure adequate resources, facilities, and other support for emergency response. (Imp CS-26) S-6.5 Education Programs. Sponsor and support educational programs regarding emergency response, disaster preparedness protocols and procedures, and disaster risk reduction for City residents and volunteers, and provide ongoing training for City staff. (Imp CS-27, CS-28) C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
5-22 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n G. Windstorms (S)
Severe windstorms pose a significant risk to life and property by creating conditions that disrupt essential systems such as public utilities, telecommunications, and transportation routes. High winds have the potential to cause damage to local homes and businesses from falling trees and debris. In addition, windstorms increase the risk of wildfire as the moisture content decreases in brush and vegetation on hillsides, especially in urban interface areas.
Windstorm Hazard Identification
Given the location and topography of the area, severe windstorms are a possibility. While the historic occurrence of these events on the Agoura Hills area has been infrequent, these events pose a potential threat to life, property, utility delivery systems, infrastructure, and transportation when they occur. Furthermore, if a severe windstorm results in a prolonged utility disruption, it may be necessary to utilize private and public resources to aid in the care and sheltering of displaced residents. High winds can also increase the threat by wildfires. In addition, the economic impact of providing shelter, conducting repairs, and disruption to local businesses can result in economic losses to the entire City. Finally, a severe windstorm can cause the loss of historic trees in the area and require the services of certified arborists.
The risk of trees falling is one of the more significant hazards resulting from high wind events.
The leafy canopy and structural elements of a tree crown present a drag type barrier to winds.
Trees naturally minimize wind drag through the re-orientation of leaves and through the independent motion of limbs and branches, thus reducing the transfer of uniform sway motion forces to the trunk. The susceptibility of trees to wind-throw can be influenced by the general structure of the trees, the location of the trees in reference to wind patterns and the level and frequency of pruning maintenance.
The Agoura Hills area is subject to Santa Ana Winds that can impact fire conditions. Winds can serve as a catalyst in the canyons to spread fire at a rapid rate. Prolonged winds during the warmest months of the year can decrease vegetation moisture levels and increase the ignition potential in dry underbrush. When urban/wildland interface fires occur, Santa Ana wind conditions can drive flames and increase the spread speed and severity of the fire.
During high wind periods, there is also a threat of downed power lines causing wildfires. In response, SCE began a public notice campaign to reiterate its policy that utility power may be shut-off during high fire risk periods when extreme weather threatens the power lines.
Windstorm Mitigation Strategies
In order to mitigate the impact of windstorms, the City of Agoura Hills tracks approximately 4,500 trees that it maintains according to standards regarding public safety. Codes on tree pruning were recently reviewed and updated and new codes regarding tree maintenance were implemented.
The City has established a professional tree maintenance contract with an arborist to maintain C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 5-23 all City owned trees. The contract ensures that detailed tree maintenance logs and inventories are kept, resulting in improved care, which can help reduce the City’s liability. Under this contract, every City owned tree is assessed on a regular basis. Additionally, the City offers free hazardous oak tree pruning and removal permits for emergency situations.
The following goal and policies address the risks of windstorm hazards in the community.
Goal S-7
Windstorm Preparation. Reduce the potential impact of windstorms that can cause injury, loss of life, structural and infrastructure damage through education, awareness, and preparation.
Policies
S-7.1 Develop Public Awareness Campaign. Provide public education materials to City residents pertaining to the protection of life and property before, during and after a windstorm. (Imp S-23)
S-7.2 Landscape and Local Awareness to Fire Code. Create local City awareness of the types of trees and other vegetation most appropriate for planting in regard to the Fire Code Sections relevant to utility operations in order to avoid utility and vegetation conflicts. (Imp S-23) S-7.3 Backup Power Facilities. Encourage property owners and critical facilities to purchase and test backup power facilities for use during a power failure, and to create an equipment/testing log to ensure back power equipment is in working service. (Imp S-23) C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
5-24 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n H. Climate Change (S)
Climate change is a term used to describe large-scale shifts in historically observed patterns in earth’s climate system. Although the climate has historically responded to natural drivers, recent climate change has been unequivocally linked to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the earth’s atmosphere.
According to “California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment” developed by the State of California, continued climate change will have a severe impact on California. Increased temperatures, drought, wildfires, and sea level rise are several of the main concerns related to climate change in the Southwest.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), continued emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) will lead to further climate changes. Future changes are expected to include a warmer atmosphere, a warmer and more acidic ocean, higher sea levels, and larger changes in precipitation patterns. The extent of future climate change depends on what is done now to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The more emitted, the larger future changes will be (Environmental Protection Center, 2015).
A more detailed climate vulnerability assessment of the City is included in the City’s Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (CAAP) (see discussion further below).
The City of Agoura Hills has implemented several strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change and encourage environmental sustainability. For example, the City participates in the California Statewide Community Development Authority (CSCDA) Open Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) Program. The Program finances renewable energy sources, energy and water efficiency improvements, and seismic strengthening improvements for residential and commercial properties.
In addition, the City’s Solid Waste Management Program works to reduce waste and encourage recycling.
Key efforts include:
• Residential Recycling
• Commercial Recycling
• Electronic Waste Collection
• Organic Recycling
• Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling
• Household Hazardous Waste and E-Waste Disposal
• Illegal Dumping Reporting
• Sharps Disposal
In 2017, the City of Agoura Hills joined the County of Los Angeles and other agencies to participate in the "Clean Power Alliance" (CPA) a locally controlled electricity provider in Southern California. The goal of the CPA is to supply greener power to homes and businesses.
Finally, the California Governor’s Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation (LCI) Planning and Research (OPR) prepares a list of plans and initiatives adopted by California Jurisdictions to address climate change.
As of 2016 (3/16/16), the City of Agoura Hills was credited as having been in the process of implementing climate change provisions into its General Plan Policy and General Plan Implementation Measures.
The City has prepared a draft Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (CAAP). The purpose of the CAAP is to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and enhance the City’s resilience towards vulnerabilities and risks C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 5-25 posed by climate change. The CAAP provides a GHG emissions inventory, forecast and targets, the latter of which will meet state goals for reducing GHG emissions. It also contains GHG reduction measures and an assessment of climate vulnerability and adaption. The final CAAP is expected to be completed mid‐ 2022.
The following goals and policies are to reduce GHGs through energy efficiency, water conservation, alternative transportation, solid waste reduction and clean energy, consistent with the CAAP. These are in addition to the following related goals and policies in other chapters and sections of the General Plan:
Mobility Goals M‐6 through M‐10 to encourage alternative transportation methods and reduce reliance on vehicles and their related policies, including in particular Policy M‐6.7 (Vehicle Miles Travelled); Solid Waste Goal U‐4 (Solid Waste) and its policies to reduce solid waste generation (U‐4.2, U‐4.4, U‐4.5, U‐4.7, U‐4.8, and U‐4.9); Goal U‐5 (Energy Conservation) and its policies for energy efficiency and reduced energy use (U‐5.3, U‐5.4, U‐5.6, and U‐5.7); Goal LU‐1 (Water Supply System) and its policies to conserve water (U‐1.4) and use reclaimed water (U‐1.6); and Goal LU‐5 (City Sustained and Renewed) with its policies for heat island effect and green building standards (LU‐5.1, LU‐5.2, LU‐5.3 and LU‐5.4).
Goal S-17
Energy Efficiency. Increase Energy Efficiency in Existing and New Development.
Policies
S-17.1 Energy Efficiency Outreach. Provide energy efficiency education to the public, including promoting energy efficient programs and certified buildings, and promoting financing programs for retrofits and upgrades. (Imp S-27)
S‐17.2 Energy Evaluations and Audits. Encourage residence and business energy evaluations and audits available from utility companies. (Imp S-27)
S‐17.3 Electrification of Development. Encourage and explore incentives for new multi‐family residential developments and commercial developments to achieve complete electrification. (Imp S-27, Imp S-28)
Goal S‐18
Water Efficiency. Increase Energy Efficiency through Provision of Water.
Policy
S‐18.1 Water Efficiency in Landscape. Consider the application of the City’s mandatory Model Water Efficiency Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) to a broader range of landscape projects. (Imp S-29) Goal S-19
Urban Heat Island Effect. Decrease Energy Demand through Reducing the Urban Heat Island Effect.
Policies
S‐19.1 Tree Planting. Promote tree planting in the community by providing education on the environmental benefits of trees and best management practices to maintain healthy trees. (Imp S-27)
C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
5-26 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n S‐19.2 Cool Roofs. Encourage, and consider requiring, light reflecting roofs on new multi‐family residential and commercial buildings to absorb less heat, thereby reducing local air temperature. (Imp S-27, S-30)
Goal S‐20
Solid Waste Generation Reduction. Decrease Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Reducing Solid Waste Generation.
Policy
S‐20.1 Organic Waste. Provide organic waste collection services to all residents and businesses, in addition to waste hauling and recycling collection, to reduce organic waste disposal. (Imp S-31) Goal S‐21
Vehicle Miles Travelled Reduction. Decrease Greenhouse Gas Emissions through a Reduction in Vehicles Miles Travelled (VMT).
Policies
S‐21.1 Bicycle Use. Develop a Citywide network that ensures access to safe bicycle facilities, and connects to regional bicycle facilities. (Imp S-32)
S‐21.2 Electric Vehicles. Encourage, and consider requiring, installation of electric vehicle chargers in commercial development and multi‐family residential development parking facilities. (Imp S-27, S-33)
Goal S‐22
Clean Energy. Decrease Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Increased Clean Energy Use.
Policy
S-21.1 Decrease Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Increased Clean Energy Use. Encourage the availability of clean power to residents and businesses in the City, with the goal of total renewable energy use. (Imp S-34)
An additional Climate Change goal and associated policies are provided in Chapter 4, Natural Resources of this General Plan. The goal and policies are also provided below for reference:
Goal NR-10
Greenhouse Gas Reduction. Reduce emissions from all activities within the City boundaries to help mitigate the impact of climate change.
Policies
NR-10.1 Climate Change. Comply with all state requirements regarding climate change and greenhouse gas reduction and review the progress toward meeting the emission reductions targets. (Imp NR-25)
C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 5-27 NR-10.2 Regional Coordination. Ensure that that any plans prepared by the City, including the General Plan, are aligned with, and support any regional plans to help achieve reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. (Imp NR-26)
NR-10.3 Outreach and Education. Partner with local agencies and organizations to coordinate outreach and education regarding the effects of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. (Imp NR-27)
The following goals and policies address climate adaptation and resiliency, and seek to reduce vulnerability and increase the community’s resilience to climate change.
Goal S-23
Adaptation to the Impacts of Wildfire. Address the effects of climate change associated with extended droughts that increase the frequency and intensity of wildfires.
Policies
Policies implementing this goal are found in Section C. Wildland and Urban Fire Hazards, Goal S‐3, Protection from Fire Hazards. The policies are also provided below for reference.
S-3.9 Disaster Communication. Improve disaster coordination and communication among public agencies. (Imp S-19, CS-26, CS-27)
S-3.10 Emergency Evacuation Plan. Prepare a citywide emergency evacuation plan and to maintain adequate departure paths especially in areas that don’t have at least two emergency evacuation routes (i.e., points of ingress and egress). (Imp S-20) S-3.11 Emergency Access. Ensure new development has adequate emergency access through sufficient road widths according to the Los Angeles County Fire Department standards, which are currently 26 feet wide for single-story structures and 28 feet wide for multi-story structures, as well as adequate, visible street address signage to identify buildings. (Imp CS-30) S-3.12 Fire Management Plan. Develop a fire management plan that maps fuel load buffer zones within the wildland/urban interface, and includes actions to reduce fuel loads, in coordination with the County Fire Department. (Imp S-22)
Goal S-24
Adaptation to the Impacts of Extreme Heat. Address the effects of climate change associated with extreme heat days.
Policies
S-24.1 Community Cooling Centers. Identify and promote facilities throughout the City to provide adequate cooling for the population during extreme heat days. (Imp S-16, S-23) S-24.2 Outreach and Education. Provide public outreach, education, and engagement regarding the risks of extreme heat and preventative measures. (Imp S-16, S-23) S-24.3 Maintain Adequate Transportation. Maintain roadways, bridges and other transportation facilities during extreme heat events. (Imp S-35) C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
5-28 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n Goal S-25
Adaptation to the Impacts of Flooding. Address the effects of climate change related to increased storm water runoff from the combination of severe drought and increases in rain.
Policies implementing this goal are found in section A. Flood Hazards, Goal S‐1, Protection from Flood Hazards.
Appendix A General Plan Policies Addressing Global Climate Change lists goals and policies elsewhere in the General Plan that address climate change, in addition to those listed in this section.
C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 5-29 I.Noise (S)
The urban environment contains a variety of noise sources that can affect the way people live and work. Some types of noise are only short-term irritants, like the pounding of a jackhammer or the whirring rattle of a lawnmower. These noise sources generally can be controlled through City noise regulations, such as a noise ordinance. However, other noises, such as freeway noise, may be permanent fixtures in the community, posing long-term health hazards to community residents. The City of Agoura Hills is bisected by the Ventura Freeway and several arterial roadways. The Ventura Freeway (US-101) is the most significant noise source within the City due to the high volume of traffic using this roadway on a daily basis. Other areas of noise in the community are along heavily trafficked roads, such as Kanan Road, Thousand Oaks Boulevard, and Agoura Road.
Sound is created when objects vibrate and produce pressure variations that move rapidly outward into the surrounding air. The main characteristics of these air pressure waves are amplitude, which we experience as a sound’s “loudness,” and frequency, which we experience as a sound’s “pitch.” The standard unit of sound amplitude is the decibel (dB), which is a measure of the physical magnitude of the pressure variations relative to the human threshold of perception. The human ear’s sensitivity to sound amplitude is frequency-dependent, and thus a modification is usually made to the decibel to account for this; A-weighted decibels (dBA) incorporate human sensitivity to a sound’s frequency as well as its amplitude.
Noise environments and consequences of human activities are usually well represented by median noise levels during the day, during the night, or over a 24-hour period, called the community noise equivalent level (CNEL). Environmental noise levels are generally considered low when the CNEL is below 55 dBA, moderate in the 55 to 70 dBA range, and high above 70 dBA.
Community Noise Contours
Existing roadway noise contours are shown in Figure N 1 (Noise Contours—Existing). Noise contours represent lines of equal noise exposure, just as the contour lines on a topographic map are lines of equal elevation.
The US 101 and arterial roads, such as such as Kanan Road, Thousand Oaks Boulevard and Agoura Road, show the greatest level of noise exposure in the community. Existing residential uses in close proximity to these roadway segments could be exposed to high noise levels on a regular basis. However, as new residential projects are proposed near major roadways or other potential noise sources, future noise levels are evaluated and noise mitigation strategies are required as appropriate to meet City noise standards.
Future noise conditions for roadways are presented for the time period ending in 2035 and were derived from projected traffic levels for that year. (Figure N 2 [Noise Contours—Future]).
New nonresidential uses proposed in proximity to existing residential uses and other sensitive receptors may also create potential noise issues. Project‐specific noise studies help identify the level of impact and appropriate mitigation measures.
Noise from motor vehicles is one of
the main sources of noise in the
community
C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
5-30 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n As shown in Figure N 2, there are limited areas of the City where noise levels are expected to increase, and these are associated with increases in traffic volumes. These areas are located along Agoura Road and the Ventura Freeway. The majority of this is associated with the increase in regional traffic along the Ventura Freeway, rather than the projected land development activity associated with the General Plan.
Building interior noise levels can be reduced by protecting the receiver with acoustical structures, enclosure, or construction techniques. Windows and doors are the most important paths for sound to enter a structure. Use of sound insulating doors and double paned windows can provide substantial reductions of interior noise levels. Because these features have little effect in reducing noise when they are left open, installation of air conditioning units for adequate ventilation may be required.
Noise exposure criteria should be incorporated into land use planning to reduce future noise and land use incompatibilities. This is achieved by specifying acceptable noise exposure ranges for various land uses throughout the City. These criteria are designed to integrate noise considerations into land use planning to prevent noise/land use conflicts. Table N 1 (Noise/Land Use Compatibility Matrix) presents criteria used to assess the compatibility of proposed land uses with the noise environment.
In addition to the noise/land use compatibility matrix, the City’s interior and exterior noise standards are identified in Table N 2 (Interior and Exterior Noise Standards). The City’s Municipal Code also contains noise standards and regulations for residential development and limits unnecessary, excessive, and annoying noise in the City.
Policies in this section protect residents, businesses, and visitors from noise hazards by establishing exterior and interior noise standards.
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C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 5-33 Table N-1 Noise/Land Use Compatibility Matrix
Land Use Categories
Community Noise Equivalent Level
(CNEL)
Categories Uses <55 60 65 70 75 80>
Residential Single Family, Duplex, Multiple Family A A B B C D D Residential Mobile Homes A A B C C D D
Commercial
Regional, District Hotel, Motel, Transient Lodging A A B B C C D Commercial
Regional, Village
District, Special
Commercial Retail, Bank, Restaurant,
Movie Theater A A A A B B C
Commercial
Industrial
Institutional
Office Building, Research and
Development, Professional Offices,
City Office Building
A A A B B C D
Commercial
Recreation
Institutional
Civic Center
Amphitheater, Concert Hall
Auditorium, Meeting Hall
B B C C D D D
Commercial
Recreation
Children’s Amusement Park, Miniature
Golf Course, Go-cart Track; Equestrian
Center, Sports Club
A A A B B D D
Commercial
General, Special
Industrial,
Institutional
Automobile, Service Station, Auto
Dealership, Manufacturing,
Warehousing, Wholesale, Utilities
A A A A B B B
Institutional
General
Hospital, Church, Library, Schools’
Classroom A A B C C D D
Open Space Parks A A A B C D D
Open Space Golf Course, Cemeteries, Nature
Centers, Wildlife Habitat A A A A B C C
SOURCE: Mestre Greve Associates, 1992 General Plan
Zone A:
Clearly Compatible
Specified land use is satisfactory, based upon the assumption that any buildings involved are of normal conventional construction without any special noise insulation requirements.
Zone B:
Normally Compatible
New construction or development should be undertaken only after detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements are made and needed noise insulation features in the design are determined.
Conventional construction, with closed windows and fresh air supply systems or air conditioning, will normally suffice.
Zone C:
Normally Incompatible
New construction or development should generally be discouraged. If new construction or development does proceed, a detailed analysis of noise reduction requirements must be made and needed noise insulation features included in the design.
Zone D:
Clearly Incompatible
New construction or development should generally not be undertaken.
C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
5-34 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n Table N-2 Interior and Exterior Noise Standards
Land Use Categories CNEL
Categories Uses Interior a Exterior b
Residential Single Family, Duplex, Multiple Family
Mobile Home
45 c
45 55
55 Commercial
Industrial
Hotel, Motel, Transient Lodging
Commercial Retail, Bank, Restaurant
Office Building, Research and Development,
Professional Offices, City Office Building
Amphitheater, Concert Hall, Auditorium, Meeting Hall
Gymnasium (Multipurpose)
Sports Club, Movie Theatres
Manufacturing, Warehousing, Wholesale, Utilities
45 55
50 45
50 55
65 —
—
—
—
—
—
—
Institutional Hospital, Schools' classroom
Church, Library
45 45
55 55
Open Space Parks — 65
a. Includes bathrooms, toilets, closets, corridors
b. Limited to the following:
Private yard of single family
Multi-family private patio or balcony which is served by a means of exit from inside the dwelling Balconies 6 feet deep or less are exempt
Mobile home park
Park's picnic area
School's playground
c. Noise level requirement with closed windows. Mechanical ventilating system or other means of natural ventilation shall be provided as of Chapter 12, Section 1205 of UBC.
Noise and Land Use Compatibility
Goal N-1
Land Use Conflicts. Minimized land use conflicts between various noise sources and other human activities.
Policies
N-1.1 Noise Standards. Require noise mitigation for all development where the projected noise levels exceed those shown in Table N-2, to the extent feasible. (Imp N-1) N-1.2 Compatibility of Noise-Generating Uses with Sensitive Receptors. Require buildings and sites to be designed such that surrounding noise sensitive uses are adequately buffered from noise generating uses. (Imp N-2)
C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n 5-35 N-1.3 Mixed-Use Development Standards. Require, whenever physically possible, new mixed-use developments to locate noise sources away from the residential portion of the development, and apply physical construction standards to reduce noise between uses. (Imp N-2) N-1.4 Noise Mitigation Measures. Ensure that all new development provides adequate sound insulation or other protection from existing and anticipated noise sources. (Imp N-3) N-1.5 Sensitive Receptors. Incorporate ambient noise level considerations into land use decisions involving schools, hospitals, and similar noise-sensitive uses. (Imp N-4) N-1.6 Noise Standards. Enforce standards that specify acceptable noise limits for various land uses throughout the City. Table N-1 (Noise/Land Use Compatibility Matrix) shows criteria used to assess the compatibility of proposed land uses with the noise environment. These criteria are the bases of specific Noise Standards. These standards, presented in Table N-2 (Interior and Exterior Noise Standards), define City policy related to land uses and acceptable noise levels. (Imp N-5)
Mobile Noise Sources
Goal N-2
Motor Vehicles. Minimized motor vehicle traffic noise impacts on sensitive noise receptors.
Policies
N-2.1 State Motor Vehicle Noise Standards. Encourage the enforcement of state motor vehicle noise standards for cars, trucks, and motorcycles through coordination with the California Highway Patrol and the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department. (Imp N-9) N-2.2 Roadway Mitigation Measures. Ensure the employment of noise mitigation measures in the design of roadway improvement projects consistent with funding capability. Support efforts by the California Department of Transportation and others to provide for acoustical protection of existing noise-sensitive land uses affected by these projects. (Imp N-6) N-2.3 Noise Mitigation Along Major Arterials. Require sound-attenuating devices, such as walls and berms, or construction best management practices, in the design of residential and other noisesensitive land uses that are adjacent to the Ventura Freeway and major arterials. (Imp N-7) N-2.4 New Development. New development along the freeway corridor and major thoroughfares will be required to prepare noise studies, as deemed necessary by the Planning Department. (Imp N-1)
Non-Transportation-Related Noise
Goal N-3
Non-Transportation-Related Noise. Minimized non-transportation-related noise impacts on sensitive noise receptors.
C H A P T E R 5 : C O M M U N I T Y S A F E T Y
5-36 C i t y o f A g o u r a H i l l s G e n e r a l P l a n Policies
N-3.1 Protection from Stationary Noise Sources. Continue to enforce interior and exterior noise standards to ensure that sensitive noise receptors are not exposed to excessive noise levels from stationary noise sources, such as machinery, equipment, fans, and air conditioning equipment. (Imp N-1, N-3, N-4, N-5, N-8)
N-3.2 Regulation of Sound-Amplifying Equipment. Continue to regulate the use of sound-amplifying equipment. (Imp N-8)
N-3.3 Enforcement of Hours of Construction and Maintenance Activity. Continue to enforce restrictions on hours of construction activity so as to minimize the impacts of noise and vibration from the use of trucks, heavy drilling equipment, and other heavy machinery, including property maintenance equipment, to adjacent uses, particularly in residential areas. (Imp N-8)
General Plan Safety Element Assessment
Board of Forestry and Fire Protection
Agoura Hills 2026
RPC 2 (b)(i)
Contents
Purpose and Background.............................................................................................................................................. 1 Methodology for Review and Recommendations........................................................................................................ 2 General Plan Safety Element Assessment .................................................................................................................... 3 Background Information Summary ....................................................................................................................... 3 Goals, Policies, Objectives, and Feasible Implementation Measures................................................................... 4 Section 1 Avoiding or minimizing the wildfire hazards associated with new uses of land ............................... 4 Section 2 Develop adequate infrastructure if a new development is located in SRAs or VHFHSZs.................. 5 Section 3 Working cooperatively with public agencies responsible for fire protection. .................................. 6 Sample Safety Element Recommendations.................................................................................................................. 7 A. Maps, Plans and Historical Information............................................................................................................ 7 B. Land Use ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 C. Fuel Modification............................................................................................................................................... 7 D. Access................................................................................................................................................................ 8 E. Fire Protection ................................................................................................................................................... 8 Fire Hazard Planning in Other Elements of the General Plan....................................................................................... 9 Land Use Element.................................................................................................................................................. 9 Housing Element.................................................................................................................................................... 9 Open Space and Conservation Elements............................................................................................................... 9 Circulation Element............................................................................................................................................... 9 RPC 2 (b)(i)
1 * https://www.opr.ca.gov/docs/Final_6.26.15.pdf
Purpose and Background
Upon the next revision of the housing element on or after January 1, 2014, the safety element is required to be reviewed and updated as necessary to address the risk of fire for land classified as state responsibility areas and land classified as very high fire hazard severity zones. (Gov. Code, § 65302, subd. (g)(3).)
The safety element is required to include:
• Fire hazard severity zone maps available from the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. • Any historical data on wildfires available from local agencies or a reference to where the data can be found.
• Information about wildfire hazard areas that may be available from the United States Geological Survey.
• The general location and distribution of existing and planned uses of land in very high fire hazard severity zones (VHFHSZs) and in state responsibility areas (SRAs), including structures, roads, utilities, and essential public facilities. The location and distribution of planned uses of land shall not require defensible space compliance measures required by state law or local ordinance to occur on publicly owned lands or open space designations of homeowner associations. • The local, state, and federal agencies with responsibility for fire protection, including special districts and local offices of emergency services. (Gov. Code, § 65302, subd. (g)(3)(A).) Based on that information, the safety element shall include goals, policies, and objectives that protect the community from the unreasonable risk of wildfire. (Gov. Code, § 65302, subd. (g)(3)(B).) To carry out those goals, policies, and objectives, feasible implementation measures shall be included in the safety element, which include but are not limited to:
• Avoiding or minimizing the wildfire hazards associated with new uses of land. • Locating, when feasible, new essential public facilities outside of high fire risk areas, including, but not limited to, hospitals and health care facilities, emergency shelters, emergency command centers, and emergency communications facilities, or identifying construction methods or other methods to minimize damage if these facilities are located in the SRA or VHFHSZ. • Designing adequate infrastructure if a new development is located in the SRA or VHFHSZ, including safe access for emergency response vehicles, visible street signs, and water supplies for structural fire suppression.
• Working cooperatively with public agencies with responsibility for fire protection. (Gov. Code, § 65302, subd. (g)(3)(C).)
The safety element shall also attach or reference any fire safety plans or other documents adopted by the city or county that fulfill the goals and objectives or contains the information required above. (Gov.
Code, § 65302, subd. (g)(3)(D).) This might include Local Hazard Mitigation Plans, Unit Fire Plans, Community Wildfire Protection Plans, or other plans.
There are several reference documents developed by state agencies to assist local jurisdictions in updating their safety elements to include wildfire safety. The Fire Hazard Planning, General Plan Technical Advice Series from the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR), referenced in Government Code section 65302, subdivision (g)(3) and available at 1400 Tenth Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
Phone: (916) 322-2318
The Technical Advice Series is also available from the OPR website (Technical Advice Series link).* The Technical Advice Series provides policy guidance, information resources, and fire hazard planning examples from around California that shall be considered by local jurisdictions when reviewing the safety element of its general plan.
The Board of Forestry and Fire Protection (Board) utilizes this Safety Element Assessment in the Board’s review of safety elements under Government Code section 65302.5. At least 90 days prior to the adoption or amendment of their safety element, counties that contain SRAs and cities or counties that contain VHFHSZs shall submit their safety element to the Board. (Gov. Code, § 65302.5, subd. (b).) The Board shall review the safety element and respond to the city or county with its findings regarding the uses of land and policies in SRAs or VHFHSZs that will protect life, property, and natural resources from RPC 2 (b)(i)
2 unreasonable risks associated with wildfires, and the methods and strategies for wildfire risk reduction and prevention within SRAs or VHFHSZs. (Gov. Code, § 65302.5, subd. (b)(3).) The CAL FIRE Land Use Planning team provides expert fire protection assistance to local jurisdictions statewide. Fire captains are available to work with cities and counties to revise their safety elements and enhance their strategic fire protection planning.
Methodology for Review and Recommendations
Utilizing staff from the CAL FIRE Land Use Planning team, the Board has established a standardized method to review the safety element of general plans. The methodology includes 1) reviewing the safety element for the requirements in Government Code section 65302, subdivision (g)(3)(A),
2) examining the safety element for goals, policies, objectives, and implementation measures that mitigate the wildfire risk in the planning area (Gov. Code, § 65302, subd. (g)(3)(B) & (C)), and 3) making recommendations for methods and strategies that would reduce the risk of wildfires (Gov.
Code, § 65302.5, subd. (b)(3)(B)).
The safety element will be evaluated against the attached Assessment, which contains questions to determine if a safety element meets the fire safety planning requirements outlined in Government Code, section 65302. The reviewer will answer whether or not a submitted safety element addresses the required information, and will recommend changes to the safety element that will reduce the wildfire risk in the planning area. These recommended changes may come from the list of sample goals, policies, objectives, and implementation measures that is included in this document after the Assessment, or may be based on the reviewer’s knowledge of the jurisdiction in question and their specific wildfire risk. By answering the questions in the Assessment, the reviewer will determine if the jurisdiction’s safety element has adequately addressed and mitigated their wildfire risk. If it hasn’t, any specific recommendations from the reviewer will assist the jurisdiction in revising the safety element so that it does.
Once completed, the Assessment should provide clear guidance to a city or county regarding any areas of deficiency in the safety element as well as specific goals, policies, objectives, and implementation measures the Board recommends adopting in order to mitigate or reduce the wildfire threat in the planning area.
RPC 2 (b)(i)
3 General Plan Safety Element Assessment
Jurisdiction: Agoura Hills Notes: Formal Review CAL FIRE Unit: LAC/BDU Date Received: 01/15/2026 County: Los Angeles LUPP Reviewer: J. Kennedy UNIT CONTACT: Date Reviewed: 01/20/2026
BACKGROUND INFORMATION SUMMARY
The safety element must contain specific background information about fire hazards in each jurisdiction.
Instructions for this table: Indicate whether the safety element includes the specified information. If YES, indicate in the comments where that information can be found; if NO, provide recommendations to the jurisdiction regarding how best to include that information in their revised safety element.
Required Information Yes or No Comments and Recommendations Are Fire Hazard Severity Zones Identified?
CAL FIRE or Locally Adopted Maps
YES SE pg. 5-10. Fire Hazard Zones.
SE pg. 5-11 Figure S-4.
Is historical data on wildfires or a reference to where the data can be found, and information about wildfire hazard areas that may be available from the United States
Geological Survey, included?
YES SE pg. 5-12. Historical Record of Significant
Fires.
Has the general location and distribution of existing and planned uses of land in very high fire hazard severity
zones (VHFHSZs) and in state responsibility areas
(SRAs), including structures, roads, utilities, and
essential public facilities, been identified?
YES SE pg. 5-10.
LU pg. 2-9. Figure LU-2. Open Space
Framework.
Have local, state, and federal agencies with responsibility for fire protection, including special districts and local offices of emergency services, been identified?
YES SE pg. 5-10.
Are other fire protection plans, such as Community
Wildfire Protection Plans, Local Hazard Mitigation Plans, CAL FIRE Unit or Contract County Fire Plans, referenced or incorporated into the Safety Element?
YES SE pg. 5-1
Are residential developments in hazard areas that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes
identified?
YES SE pg. 5-13.
SE pg. 5-14 Figure S-5. Streets Lacking Two
Emergency Evacuation Routes.
Have evacuation routes and their capacity, safety, and
viability under a range of emergency scenarios been
identified?
YES SE pg. 5-13.
Is there any other information in the Safety Element regarding fire hazards in SRAs or VHFHSZs? RPC 2 (b)(i)
4 GOALS, POLICIES, OBJECTIVES, AND FEASIBLE IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES The safety element must contain a set of goals, policies, and objectives based on the above information to protect the community from unreasonable risk of wildfire and implementation measures to accomplish those stated goals, policies, and objectives.
Instructions for this table: Critically examine the submitted safety element and determine if it is adequate to address the jurisdiction’s unique fire hazard. Answer YES or NO appropriately for each question below. If the recommendation is irrelevant or unrelated to the jurisdiction’s fire hazard, answer N/A. For NO, provide information in the Comments/Recommendations section to help the jurisdiction incorporate that change into their safety element revision. This information may utilize example recommendations from Sample Safety Element Recommendations and Fire Hazard Planning in Other Elements of the General Plan below, may indicate how high of a priority this recommendation is for a jurisdiction, or may include other jurisdiction-specific information or recommendations.
Section 1 Avoiding or minimizing the wildfire hazards associated with new uses of land Questions Yes or No Comments and Recommendations
Does local ordinance require development standards that meet or exceed title 14, CCR, division 1.5, chapter 7,
subchapter 2, articles 1-5 (commencing with section
1270) (SRA Fire Safe Regulations) and title 14, CCR,
division 1.5, chapter 7, subchapter 3, article 3
(commencing with section 1299.01) (Fire Hazard
Reduction Around Buildings and Structures
Regulations) for SRAs and/or VHFHSZs?
YES
SE pg. 5-15 Policy S-3.3 New Development.
SE pg. 5-15 Policy S-3.8 Fire Department
Review.
SE pg. 5-16 Policy S-3.11 Emergency
Access.
Are there goals and policies to avoid or minimize new
residential development in VHFHSZs?
YES SE pg. 5-15 Policy S-3.3 New Development.
SE pg. 5-16 Policy S-3.21 Site Specific Fire
Protection.
Has fire safe design been incorporated into future
development requirements?
YES SE pg. 5-15 Policy 3.3 New Development.
SE pg. 5-16 Policy 3.15 Building Code.
SE pg. 5-16 Policy 3.19 Home Hardening.
Are new essential public facilities located outside high fire risk areas, such as VHFHSZs, when feasible?
YES SE pg. 5-16 Policy S-3.14 Siting of Critical
Facilities and Infrastructure.
Are there plans or actions identified to mitigate existing non-conforming development to contemporary fire safe
standards, in terms of road standards and vegetative
hazard?
YES SE pg. 5-16 Policy S-3.22 Existing NonConforming Development.
Does the plan include policies to evaluate redevelopment after a large fire?YES SE pg. 5-15 Policy S-3.1 Coordination with the Los Angeles County Fire Department.
Is fuel modification around homes and subdivisions
required for new development in SRAs or VHFHSZs?
YES SE pg. 5-17 Policy S-3.a.1 Fuel
Modification.
Are fire protection plans required for new development in VHFHSZs?
YES SE pg. S5-16 Policy-3.21 Site Specific Fire
Protection.
RPC 2 (b)(i)
5 Questions Yes or No Comments and Recommendations
Does the plan address long term maintenance of fire
hazard reduction projects, including community fire
breaks and private road and public road clearance?
YES SE pg. 5-17 Policy S-3.a.2. Vegetation
Management.
Is there adequate access (ingress, egress) to new
development in VHFHSZs?
YES SE pg. 5-15 Policy S-3.3 New Development.
SE pg. 5-16 Policy S-3.11 Emergency
Access.
Are minimum standards for evacuation of residential
areas in VHFHSZs defined?
YES SE pg. 5-13.
SE pg. 5-15 Policy S-3.10 Emergency
Evacuation)
SE pg. 5-16 Policy S-3.11 Emergency
Access.
If areas exist with inadequate access/evacuation routes, are they identified? Are mitigation measures or
improvement plans identified?
YES SE pg. 5-13.
Are there policies or programs promoting public outreach about defensible space or evacuation routes? Are there
specific plans to reach at-risk populations?
YES SE pg. 5-16 Policy S-3.13 Public Education.
Does the plan identify future water supply for fire
suppression needs?
YES SE pg. 5-16 Policy S-3.20 Water Supply and
Fire Flow.
Does new development have adequate fire protection?
YES SE pg. 5-15 Policy S-3.1 Coordination with
the Los Angeles County Fire Department.
SE pg. 5-15 Policy S 3.5 Funding.
Section 2 Develop adequate infrastructure if a new development is located in SRAs or VHFHSZs.
Does the plan identify adequate infrastructure for new
development related to:
Yes or No Comments and Recommendations
Water supply and fire flow? YES SE pg. 5-16 Policy S-3.20 Water Supply and Fire Flow.
Location of anticipated water supply? YES SE pg. 5-16 Policy S-3.20 Water Supply and Fire Flow.
Maintenance and long-term integrity of water supplies? YES SE pg. 5-16 Policy S-3.20 Water Supply and Fire Flow.
Evacuation and emergency vehicle access? YES SE pg. 5-16 Policy S-3.11 Emergency Access
Fuel modification and defensible space?
YES SE pg. 5-17 Policy S-3. a.1 Fuel
Modification.
SE pg. 5-17 Policy S-3. a.2. Vegetation
Management.
RPC 2 (b)(i)
6 Does the plan identify adequate infrastructure for new development related to:
Yes or No Comments and Recommendations
Vegetation clearance maintenance on public and private
roads?
YES SE pg. 5-13. Fuel Modification
Visible home and street addressing and signage?
YES SE pg. 5-16 Policy S-3.11 Emergency
Access.
Community fire breaks? Is there a discussion of how
those fire breaks will be maintained?
YES SE pg. 5-13. Fuel Modification
Section 3 Working cooperatively with public agencies responsible for fire protection.
Question Yes or No Comments and Recommendations
Is there a map or description of existing emergency
service facilities and areas lacking service, specifically noting any areas in SRAs or VHFHSZs?
YES SE pg. 5-1
MJHMP pgs. 3-18 – 3-25
Does the plan include an assessment and projection of
future emergency service needs?
YES SE pg. 5-15 Policy S-3.1 Coordination with
the Los Angeles County Fire Department.
SE pg. 5-15 Policy S 3.5 Funding.
Are goals or standards for emergency services training
described?
YES SE pg. 5-15 Policy S-3.1 Coordination with
the Los Angeles County Fire Department.
Does the plan outline inter-agency preparedness
coordination and mutual aid multi-agency agreements?
YES SE pg. 5-21 Policy S-6.4 Mutual Aid
Agreements
RPC 2 (b)(i)
7 Sample Safety Element Recommendations
These are examples of specific policies, objectives, or implementation measures that may be used to meet the intent of Government Code sections 65302, subdivision (g)(3) and 65302.5, subdivision (b). Safety element reviewers may make recommendations that are not included here.
A. MAPS, PLANS AND HISTORICAL INFORMATION
1. Include or reference CAL FIRE Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps or locally adopted wildfire hazard zones.
2. Include or reference the location of historical information on wildfires in the planning area.
3. Include a map or description of the location of existing and planned land uses in SRAs and VHFHSZs, particularly habitable structures, roads, utilities, and essential public facilities.
4. Identify or reference a fire plan that is relevant to the geographic scope of the general plan, including the Unit/Contract County Fire Plan, Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, and any applicable Community Wildfire Protection Plans.
5. Align the goals, policies, objectives, and implementation measures for fire hazard mitigation in the safety element with those in existing fire plans, or make plans to update fire plans to match the safety element.
6. Create a fire plan for the planning area.
B. LAND USE
1. Develop fire safe development codes to use as standards for fire protection for new development in SRAs or VHFHSZs that meet or exceed the statewide minimums in the SRA Fire Safe Regulations.
2. Adopt and have certified by the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection local ordinances which meet or exceed the minimum statewide standards in the SRA Fire Safe Regulations.
3. Identify existing development that do not meet or exceed the SRA Fire Safe Regulations or certified local ordinances.
4. Develop mitigation measures for existing development that does not meet or exceed the SRA Fire Safe Regulations or certified local ordinances or identify a policy to do so.
C. FUEL MODIFICATION
1. Develop a policy to communicate vegetation clearance requirements to seasonal, absent, or vacation rental owners.
2. Identify a policy for the ongoing maintenance of vegetation clearance on public and private roads.
3. Include fuel breaks in the layout/siting of subdivisions.
4. Identify a policy for the ongoing maintenance of existing or proposed fuel breaks.
5. Identify and/or map existing development that does not conform to current state and/or locally adopted fire safety standards for access, water supply and fire flow, signing, and vegetation clearance in SRAs or VHFHSZs.
6. Identify plans and actions for existing non-conforming development to be improved or mitigated to meet current state and/or locally adopted fire safety standards for access, water supply and fire flow, signing, and vegetation clearance.
RPC 2 (b)(i)
8 D. ACCESS
1. Develop a policy that approval of parcel maps and tentative maps in SRAs or VHFHSZs is conditional based on meeting the SRA Fire Safe Regulations and the Fire Hazard Reduction Around Buildings and Structures Regulations, particularly those regarding road standards for ingress, egress, and fire equipment access. (See Gov. Code, § 66474.02.)
2. Develop a policy that development will be prioritized in areas with an adequate road network and associated infrastructure.
3. Identify multi-family housing, group homes, or other community housing in SRAs or VHFHSZs and develop a policy to create evacuation or shelter in place plans.
4. Include a policy to develop pre-plans for fire risk areas that address civilian evacuation and to effectively communicate those plans.
5. Identify road networks in SRAs or VHFHSZs that do not meet title 14, CCR, division 1.5, chapter 7, subchapter 2, articles 2 and 3 (commencing with section 1273.00) or certified local ordinance and develop a policy to examine possible mitigations.
E. FIRE PROTECTION
1. Develop a policy that development will be prioritized in areas with adequate water supply infrastructure.
2. Plan for the ongoing maintenance and long-term integrity of planned and existing water supply infrastructure.
3. Map existing emergency service facilities and note any areas lacking service, especially in SRAs or VHFHSZs.
4. Project future emergency service needs for the planned land uses.
5. Include information about emergency service trainings or standards and plans to meet or maintain them.
6. Include information about inter-agency preparedness coordination or mutual aid agreements.
RPC 2 (b)(i)
9 Fire Hazard Planning in Other Elements of the General Plan When updating the General Plan, here are some ways to incorporate fire hazard planning into other elements. Wildfire safety is best accomplished by holistic, strategic fire planning that takes advantage of opportunities to align priorities and implementation measures within and across plans.
LAND USE ELEMENT
Goals and policies include mitigation of fire hazard for future development or limit development in very high fire hazard severity zones.
Disclose wildland urban-interface hazards, including fire hazard severity zones, and/or other vulnerable areas as determined by CAL FIRE or local fire agency.
Design and locate new development to provide adequate infrastructure for the safe ingress of emergency response vehicles and simultaneously allow citizen egress during emergencies.
Describe or map any Firewise Communities or other fire safe communities as determined by the National Fire Protection Association, Fire Safe Council, or other organization.
HOUSING ELEMENT
Incorporation of current fire safe building codes.
Identify and mitigate substandard fire safe housing and neighborhoods relative to fire hazard severity zones.
Consider diverse occupancies and their effects on wildfire protection (group housing, seasonal populations, transit-dependent, etc).
OPEN SPACE AND CONSERVATION ELEMENTS
Identify critical natural resource values relative to fire hazard severity zones.
Include resource management activities to enhance protection of open space and natural resource values.
Integrate open space into fire safety planning and effectiveness.
Mitigation for unique pest, disease and other forest health issues leading to hazardous situations.
CIRCULATION ELEMENT
Provide adequate access to very high fire hazard severity zones.
Develop standards for evacuation of residential areas in very high fire hazard severity zones.
Incorporate a policy that provides for a fuel reduction maintenance program along roadways.
RPC 2 (b)(i)
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Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
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Table of Contents
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1-1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................................... 1-1 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Governing Board ................................................................... 1-1 Planning Group................................................................................................................................................ 1-1 Additional Stakeholders ................................................................................................................................... 1-2 City Outreach to Socially Vulnerable Populations .......................................................................................... 1-3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... 1-4 Multi-Jurisdictional Plan ................................................................................................................................. 1-5 Los Angeles County Operational Area and Disaster Management Areas ....................................................... 1-6 Hazard Mitigation Plan Organization ............................................................................................................. 1-8 Mitigation Strategy Five-Year Action Plan ...................................................................................................... 1-8 Plan Participants ............................................................................................................................................. 1-8 Plan Mission .................................................................................................................................................... 1-8 Plan Goals ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-9 Strategy Organization .................................................................................................................................... 1-10 Plan Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation ........................................................................................ 1-10 Plan Adoption ................................................................................................................................................ 1-10 Coordinating Body ......................................................................................................................................... 1-10 Coordination with Existing Programs ........................................................................................................... 1-11 Considering the Needs of the Socially Vulnerable ......................................................................................... 1-11 Consequences of the Hazard on the Socially Vulnerable ............................................................................... 1-11 Economic Analysis of Mitigation Projects ..................................................................................................... 1-14 Formal Review Process.................................................................................................................................. 1-14 Continued Public Involvement ....................................................................................................................... 1-14 PLAN DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1-15 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan ................................................................................................ 1-15 Why Develop a Mitigation Plan? ................................................................................................................... 1-15 Whom Does the Mitigation Plan Affect? ........................................................................................................ 1-17 How is the Plan Used? ................................................................................................................................... 1-17 Plan Update Process ...................................................................................................................................... 1-17 Plan Integration ............................................................................................................................................. 1-18 Internal Input ................................................................................................................................................. 1-18 External Input ................................................................................................................................................ 1-18 OVERALL CHANGES IN PRIORITY ........................................................................................................................ 1-19 Agoura Hills ................................................................................................................................................... 1-19 Calabasas ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-19 Hidden Hills ................................................................................................................................................... 1-19 Malibu ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-19 Westlake Village ............................................................................................................................................. 1-19 REQUIREMENTS FOR MITIGATION PLANS ............................................................................................................ 1-20 Federal and State Requirements .................................................................................................................... 1-20 Public and Community Process ..................................................................................................................... 1-20 HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN ORGANIZATION ....................................................................................................... 1-21 SECTION 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE ..................................................................................... 2-1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 POPULATION .......................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 GEOGRAPHY AND THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................................... 2-3 CLIMATE ................................................................................................................................................................ 2-4 Temperature ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-4 Rainfall ............................................................................................................................................................. 2-5 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2024 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
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El Niño and La Niña ........................................................................................................................................ 2-5 LAW ENFORCEMENT AND FIRE RESOURCES .......................................................................................................... 2-6 Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department ....................................................................................................... 2-6 Los Angeles County Fire Department .............................................................................................................. 2-7 MULTI-REGIONAL COLLABORATION ..................................................................................................................... 2-9 Calabasas Community Center .......................................................................................................................... 2-9 Community Emergency Response Training ................................................................................................... 2-10 OARRS ........................................................................................................................................................... 2-10 DETAILS BY CITY ................................................................................................................................................ 2-10 AGOURA HILLS .................................................................................................................................................... 2-11 Brief History ................................................................................................................................................... 2-13 Climate /Topography ..................................................................................................................................... 2-14 Economic Activity .......................................................................................................................................... 2-15 Population and Demographics....................................................................................................................... 2-18 Land Use ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-22 Housing Characteristics................................................................................................................................. 2-22 Emergency Preparedness ............................................................................................................................... 2-26 CALABASAS ......................................................................................................................................................... 2-29 Brief History ................................................................................................................................................... 2-31 Climate/Topography ...................................................................................................................................... 2-31 Economic Activity .......................................................................................................................................... 2-32 Population and Demographics....................................................................................................................... 2-35 Land Use ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-39 Housing Characteristics................................................................................................................................. 2-39 Emergency Preparedness ............................................................................................................................... 2-42 HIDDEN HILLS ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-45 Brief History ................................................................................................................................................... 2-47 Climate/Topography ...................................................................................................................................... 2-48 Economic Activity .......................................................................................................................................... 2-49 Population and Demographics....................................................................................................................... 2-50 Land Use ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-54 Housing Characteristics................................................................................................................................. 2-54 Emergency Preparedness ............................................................................................................................... 2-57 MALIBU ............................................................................................................................................................... 2-59 Brief History ................................................................................................................................................... 2-61 Climate/Topography ...................................................................................................................................... 2-61 Economic Activity .......................................................................................................................................... 2-62 Population Demographics ............................................................................................................................. 2-65 Land Use ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-69 Housing Characteristics................................................................................................................................. 2-69 Emergency Preparedness ............................................................................................................................... 2-72 Public Involvement Groups ............................................................................................................................ 2-73 WESTLAKE VILLAGE ........................................................................................................................................... 2-75 Brief History ................................................................................................................................................... 2-77 Climate/Topography ...................................................................................................................................... 2-77 Economic Activity .......................................................................................................................................... 2-78 Population and Demographics....................................................................................................................... 2-80 Housing Characteristics................................................................................................................................. 2-85 Emergency Preparedness ............................................................................................................................... 2-88 SECTION 3. RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................ 3-1 DISASTER HISTORY ............................................................................................................................................... 3-1 FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RISK ASSESSMENTS ............................................................................................... 3-5 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 3-6 Hazard Identification Process .......................................................................................................................... 3-7 Identified Hazards .......................................................................................................................................... 3-11 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Human Generated and Technology Disasters ................................................................................................ 3-11 VULNERABILITY AND LOSS ESTIMATES ............................................................................................................... 3-16 Profiling Hazards ........................................................................................................................................... 3-16 Facilities and Infrastructure Overview .......................................................................................................... 3-17 Summary of Critical Facilities and Infrastructure ......................................................................................... 3-20 Earthquake and Flood Loss Estimates ........................................................................................................... 3-27 Wildfire Loss Estimates .................................................................................................................................. 3-56 Future Development Trends ........................................................................................................................... 3-57 SECTION 4. HAZARD MITIGATION GOALS AND STRATEGIES ..................................... 4-1 MISSION ................................................................................................................................................................ 4-1 HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN GOALS ...................................................................................................................... 4-1 To Protect Life, Property, Environment ........................................................................................................... 4-1 Public Awareness ............................................................................................................................................. 4-1 Partnerships and Implementation .................................................................................................................... 4-1 Emergency Management .................................................................................................................................. 4-2 Floodplain Management .................................................................................................................................. 4-2 HAZARD MITIGATION STRATEGIES ...................................................................................................................... 4-17 Hazard Mitigation Prioritization of Projects and Actions ............................................................................. 4-17 MITIGATION CAPABILITIES .................................................................................................................................. 4-17 EXPANDING MITIGATION CAPABILITIES .............................................................................................................. 4-20 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MITIGATION PROJECTS ................................................................................................ 4-22 Benefit-Cost Review ....................................................................................................................................... 4-22 Benefit-Cost Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 4-23 Benefit-Cost Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 4-23 Summary of Regional Mitigation Projects and Strategies ............................................................................. 4-30 Summary of City Specific Mitigation Projects and Strategies ....................................................................... 4-34 Strategy Organization .................................................................................................................................... 4-51 HAZARD MITIGATION STRATEGY PROJECTS ........................................................................................................ 4-53 Regional Mitigation Projects ......................................................................................................................... 4-53 Agoura Hills Mitigation Projects ................................................................................................................... 4-75 Calabasas Mitigation Projects ....................................................................................................................... 4-81 Hidden Hills Mitigation Projects ................................................................................................................... 4-89 Malibu Mitigation Projects ............................................................................................................................ 4-95 Westlake Village Mitigation Projects ........................................................................................................... 4-108 SECTION 5. PLAN MAINTENANCE, MONITORING, AND GENERAL PLANS ............... 5-1 IMPLEMENTATION AND PLAN ADOPTION ............................................................................................................... 5-1 Adoption and Implementation .......................................................................................................................... 5-1 HMP Submission and Approval ....................................................................................................................... 5-1 PLAN MONITORING, EVALUATION, UPDATES, AND FORMAL REVIEW PROCESS .................................................... 5-2 Coordinating Body ........................................................................................................................................... 5-2 Formal Review Process.................................................................................................................................... 5-3 Plan Update ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-3 Continued Public Participation and Involvement ............................................................................................ 5-3 IMPLEMENTATION THROUGH EXISTING PROGRAMS ............................................................................................ 5-13 Integration of the Hazard Mitigation Plan into Existing Planning Mechanisms ........................................... 5-13 SECTION 6. EARTHQUAKE .................................................................................................... 6-1 THE NATURE OF THE EARTHQUAKE THREAT ......................................................................................................... 6-1 HISTORICAL RECORD OF EARTHQUAKES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA .................................................................... 6-2 History of Significant Earthquakes in Southern California ............................................................................. 6-3 Disasters Declarations and Emergency Proclamations ................................................................................... 6-4 CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTHQUAKES .............................................................................................. 6-5 Earthquake Faults In or Near the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region ..................................................................... 6-5 Las Virgenes-Malibu Region Earthquake Probability ..................................................................................... 6-6 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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ShakeMap Scenarios ........................................................................................................................................ 6-8 STAKEHOLDER INPUT AND PARTICIPATION ......................................................................................................... 6-13 EARTHQUAKE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................................................. 6-13 Casualties ....................................................................................................................................................... 6-13 Structures ....................................................................................................................................................... 6-13 Transportation Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................ 6-13 Lifelines .......................................................................................................................................................... 6-14 Fire ................................................................................................................................................................. 6-14 Economy ......................................................................................................................................................... 6-15 Estimated Impact of an Event ........................................................................................................................ 6-15 Risk of Future Earthquake ............................................................................................................................. 6-17 EARTHQUAKE VULNERABILITIES ......................................................................................................................... 6-18 Liquefaction ................................................................................................................................................... 6-18 Landslide ........................................................................................................................................................ 6-19 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS................................................................................................................................ 6-20 EARTHQUAKE MITIGATION STRATEGIES ............................................................................................................. 6-21 California Earthquake Mitigation Legislation ............................................................................................... 6-21 LVMCOG Mitigation Activities ...................................................................................................................... 6-23 SECTION 7. WILDFIRE ............................................................................................................ 7-1 THE NATURE OF THE WILDFIRE THREAT ............................................................................................................... 7-1 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SIGNIFICANT FIRES ......................................................................................................... 7-1 History of Fire Events in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region ............................................................................. 7-2 Disasters Declarations and Emergency Proclamations ................................................................................... 7-3 CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WILDFIRES .................................................................................................... 7-3 Las Virgenes-Malibu Region Wildfire Probability .......................................................................................... 7-3 STAKEHOLDER INPUT AND PARTICIPATION ........................................................................................................... 7-3 WILDFIRE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ..................................................................................................................... 7-4 Urban/Wildland Interface Fires ....................................................................................................................... 7-4 Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones ............................................................................................................ 7-5 Estimated Impact of an Event .......................................................................................................................... 7-8 Risk of Future Wildfire ................................................................................................................................... 7-10 WILDFIRE VULNERABILITIES ............................................................................................................................... 7-11 Base Hazard Factors ..................................................................................................................................... 7-11 The Threat of Urban Conflagration ............................................................................................................... 7-14 Wildfire Probabilities ..................................................................................................................................... 7-14 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS................................................................................................................................ 7-15 WILDFIRE MITIGATION STRATEGIES ................................................................................................................... 7-16 Genasys Protect (Zonehaven) Aware Program .............................................................................................. 7-16 Los Angeles County Fire Department ............................................................................................................ 7-16 Federal Programs .......................................................................................................................................... 7-19 Fire Codes ...................................................................................................................................................... 7-20 Building Codes ............................................................................................................................................... 7-20 Public Education and Involvement ................................................................................................................ 7-21 LVMCOG Mitigation Activities ...................................................................................................................... 7-23 SECTION 8. CLIMATE CHANGE ............................................................................................ 8-1 THE NATURE OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE THREAT .................................................................................................. 8-1 Temperature Rise ............................................................................................................................................. 8-1 Water and Drought .......................................................................................................................................... 8-2 Wildfire ............................................................................................................................................................ 8-2 Sea Level Rise .................................................................................................................................................. 8-2 Drought ............................................................................................................................................................ 8-3 Water Supply Management and Drought Considerations ................................................................................ 8-4 Las Virgenes-Malibu Region Climate Change Probability .............................................................................. 8-5 CLIMATE CHANGE AND DROUGHT HISTORY ......................................................................................................... 8-5 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Temperature ..................................................................................................................................................... 8-5 Drought ............................................................................................................................................................ 8-6 Extreme Weather Fluctuations (Heat and Cold) .............................................................................................. 8-8 Sea Level Rise (SLR) ........................................................................................................................................ 8-9 Disasters Declarations and Emergency Proclamations ................................................................................. 8-16 STAKEHOLDER INPUT AND PARTICIPATION ......................................................................................................... 8-16 ESTIMATED IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DROUGHT ................................................................................. 8-17 Risk of Future Climate Change ...................................................................................................................... 8-20 CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITIES .................................................................................................................. 8-21 Climate Change Probabilities ........................................................................................................................ 8-21 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS................................................................................................................................ 8-25 CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION STRATEGIES ...................................................................................................... 8-26 LVMCOG Mitigation Activities ...................................................................................................................... 8-26 SECTION 9. ENERGY DISRUPTION....................................................................................... 9-1 THE NATURE OF THE ENERGY THREAT.................................................................................................................. 9-1 HISTORICAL RECORD OF POWER OUTAGES ........................................................................................................... 9-2 Average Power Outage Duration, Frequency, and Duration .......................................................................... 9-3 Las Virgenes-Malibu Energy Disruption Probability ...................................................................................... 9-4 STAKEHOLDER INPUT AND PARTICIPATION ........................................................................................................... 9-4 DISASTERS DECLARATIONS AND EMERGENCY PROCLAMATIONS .......................................................................... 9-5 POWER OUTAGE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ........................................................................................................... 9-5 CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ENERGY EVENTS ........................................................................................... 9-6 Natural Disasters ............................................................................................................................................. 9-6 Public Safety Power Shutoffs ........................................................................................................................... 9-6 Accidental Events ............................................................................................................................................. 9-6 Systemic Threats .............................................................................................................................................. 9-7 Deliberate Attacks ............................................................................................................................................ 9-7 POWER OUTAGE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ........................................................................................................... 9-7 Injuries ............................................................................................................................................................. 9-7 Transportation Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................... 9-7 Lifelines ............................................................................................................................................................ 9-8 Services ............................................................................................................................................................ 9-8 Personal Safety ................................................................................................................................................ 9-9 Economy ........................................................................................................................................................... 9-9 Estimated Impact of an Event ........................................................................................................................ 9-10 Risk of Future Energy Disruption .................................................................................................................. 9-11 POWER OUTAGE VULNERABILITIES ..................................................................................................................... 9-12 Business and Industry .................................................................................................................................... 9-12 Public Health and Safety ................................................................................................................................ 9-13 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS................................................................................................................................ 9-13 ENERGY DISRUPTION MITIGATION STRATEGIES .................................................................................................. 9-14 Agoura Hills ................................................................................................................................................... 9-15 Calabasas ....................................................................................................................................................... 9-15 Hidden Hills ................................................................................................................................................... 9-15 Malibu ............................................................................................................................................................ 9-15 Westlake Village ............................................................................................................................................. 9-15 SECTION 10. LANDSLIDE, DEBRIS FLOWS, AND MUDFLOWS ................................. 10-1 THE NATURE OF THE LANDSLIDE, DEBRIS FLOW, AND MUDFLOW THREAT ........................................................ 10-1 Debris Flow ................................................................................................................................................... 10-2 HISTORICAL RECORD OF LANDSLIDE, DEBRIS FLOW, AND MUDFLOW EVENTS ................................................... 10-2 History of Landslides, Debris Flows, and Mudflows in Southern California ................................................ 10-2 Las Virgenes-Malibu Landslide Probability .................................................................................................. 10-6 Disasters Declarations and Emergency Proclamations ................................................................................. 10-6 Significant Southern California Landslides, Debris Flows, and Mudflows ................................................... 10-7 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Landslides, Debris Flows, and Mudflows in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region ............................................. 10-8 STAKEHOLDER INPUT AND PARTICIPATION ....................................................................................................... 10-11 CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDSLIDES, DEBRIS FLOWS, AND MUDFLOWS ........................................ 10-11 Landslide, Debris Flows, and Mudflows Events and Impacts ...................................................................... 10-11 LANDSLIDE, DEBRIS FLOWS, AND MUDFLOWS HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ......................................................... 10-11 Natural Processes ........................................................................................................................................ 10-12 Land Development, Grading, and Excavation ............................................................................................. 10-12 Landslide, Debris Flow, and Mudflow Risk Factors .................................................................................... 10-13 Potential Landslide, Debris Flow, and Mudflow Areas ............................................................................... 10-14 Estimated Impact of an Event ...................................................................................................................... 10-16 Risk of Future Landslide, Debris Flow, Mudslide ....................................................................................... 10-18 LANDSLIDE, DEBRIS FLOW, AND MUDFLOW VULNERABILITIES ........................................................................ 10-19 Roads............................................................................................................................................................ 10-19 Lifelines and Critical Facilities.................................................................................................................... 10-19 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS.............................................................................................................................. 10-20 LANDSLIDE MITIGATION STRATEGIES ............................................................................................................... 10-21 LVMCOG Mitigation Activities .................................................................................................................... 10-21 SECTION 11. WINDSTORM ................................................................................................ 11-1 THE NATURE OF THE WINDSTORM THREAT......................................................................................................... 11-1 HISTORICAL RECORD OF WIND EVENTS .............................................................................................................. 11-1 History of Severe Winds in Southern California ............................................................................................ 11-1 Windstorm Risk in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region ..................................................................................... 11-4 Disasters Declarations and Emergency Proclamations ................................................................................. 11-5 STAKEHOLDER INPUT AND PARTICIPATION ......................................................................................................... 11-5 CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WINDSTORMS IN THE LAS VIRGENES-MALIBU REGION .............................. 11-6 WINDSTORM HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................................................... 11-6 Estimated Impact of an Event ........................................................................................................................ 11-8 Las Virgenes-Malibu Windstorm Probability ................................................................................................ 11-8 Risk of Future Severe Windstorm ................................................................................................................. 11-10 WINDSTORM VULNERABILITIES ........................................................................................................................ 11-11 Life and Property ......................................................................................................................................... 11-11 Utilities and Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................... 11-11 Transportation ............................................................................................................................................. 11-11 Increased Fire Threat .................................................................................................................................. 11-11 Santa Ana Winds .......................................................................................................................................... 11-13 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS.............................................................................................................................. 11-14 WINDSTORM MITIGATION STRATEGIES ............................................................................................................. 11-15 Interagency Efforts ....................................................................................................................................... 11-15 LVMCOG Mitigation Activities .................................................................................................................... 11-15 SECTION 12. FLOOD ........................................................................................................... 12-1 THE NATURE OF THE FLOOD THREAT .................................................................................................................. 12-1 HISTORICAL RECORD OF FLOODING .................................................................................................................... 12-1 History of Flooding in Southern California ................................................................................................... 12-1 Las Virgenes-Malibu Flood Probability ........................................................................................................ 12-8 Disasters Declarations and Emergency Proclamations ................................................................................. 12-8 Significant Floods in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region ................................................................................. 12-9 CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOODS ..................................................................................................... 12-11 Annual Rainfall ............................................................................................................................................ 12-12 Dam and Reservoir Failure ......................................................................................................................... 12-12 STAKEHOLDER INPUT AND PARTICIPATION ....................................................................................................... 12-13 FLOOD HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ...................................................................................................................... 12-13 Geography and Geology .............................................................................................................................. 12-13 Urban Development ..................................................................................................................................... 12-14 Dam Failure ................................................................................................................................................. 12-14 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Malibu Lake ................................................................................................................................................. 12-19 Flood Maps and Flood Insurance Studies ................................................................................................... 12-21 Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) ............................................................................................................ 12-21 Estimated Impact of an Event ...................................................................................................................... 12-26 Risk of Future Severe Winter Storm (including Flood) ................................................................................ 12-29 FLOOD VULNERABILITIES .................................................................................................................................. 12-30 Property Loss ............................................................................................................................................... 12-30 Critical Infrastructure .................................................................................................................................. 12-31 Business and Industry .................................................................................................................................. 12-31 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS.............................................................................................................................. 12-32
FLOOD, TSUNAMI, STORM SURGE, AND SEVERE WINTER STORM HAZARD IDENTIFICATION MITIGATION STRATEGIES .......................................................................................................................................................................... 12-33 National Flood Insurance Program ............................................................................................................. 12-33 LVMCOG Mitigation Activities .................................................................................................................... 12-34 SECTION 13. TSUNAMI ...................................................................................................... 13-1 THE NATURE OF THE FLOOD, TSUNAMI THREAT ................................................................................................. 13-1 HISTORICAL RECORD OF TSUNAMI EVENTS......................................................................................................... 13-1 History of Tsunami in Southern California .................................................................................................... 13-1 Disasters Declarations and Emergency Proclamations ................................................................................. 13-2 CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TSUNAMI ..................................................................................................... 13-2 Causes ............................................................................................................................................................ 13-2 Characteristics ............................................................................................................................................... 13-2 STAKEHOLDER INPUT AND PARTICIPATION ......................................................................................................... 13-3 TSUNAMI HAZARD IDENTIFICATION .................................................................................................................... 13-3 Las Virgenes-Malibu Tsunami Probability .................................................................................................... 13-3 Tsunami .......................................................................................................................................................... 13-3 Estimated Impact of an Event ........................................................................................................................ 13-8 Risk of Future Tsunami .................................................................................................................................. 13-9 TSUNAMI VULNERABILITIES .............................................................................................................................. 13-10 Property Loss ............................................................................................................................................... 13-10 Critical Infrastructure .................................................................................................................................. 13-10 Business and Industry .................................................................................................................................. 13-10 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS.............................................................................................................................. 13-11 TSUNAMI HAZARD IDENTIFICATION MITIGATION STRATEGIES ......................................................................... 13-12 National Tsunami Information Guide .......................................................................................................... 13-12 National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) ................................................................................................ 13-12 LVMCOG Mitigation Activities .................................................................................................................... 13-13 SECTION 14. SEVERE WINTER STORM .......................................................................... 14-1 THE NATURE OF SEVERE WINTER STORM THREAT ............................................................................................. 14-1 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SEVERE WINTER STORMS ............................................................................................. 14-1 History of Severe Winter Storms in Southern California ............................................................................... 14-1 Disasters Declarations and Emergency Proclamations ................................................................................. 14-2 CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVERE WINTER STORMS ............................................................................ 14-3 Annual Rainfall .............................................................................................................................................. 14-3 Strong Winds and Gusts: ................................................................................................................................ 14-3 STAKEHOLDER INPUT AND PARTICIPATION ......................................................................................................... 14-3 SEVERE WINTER STORM HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................................. 14-4 Tropical Storms and El Nino Conditions ....................................................................................................... 14-4 Storm Surge .................................................................................................................................................... 14-4 Estimated Impact of an Event ........................................................................................................................ 14-5 Las Virgenes-Malibu Severe Winter Storm Probability ................................................................................. 14-5 Risk of Future Severe Winter Storm ............................................................................................................... 14-7 SEVERE WINTER STORM VULNERABILITIES ........................................................................................................ 14-7 Property Loss ................................................................................................................................................. 14-8 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Critical Infrastructure .................................................................................................................................... 14-8 Business and Industry .................................................................................................................................... 14-8 Winter Storm Risk in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region.................................................................................. 14-9 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS................................................................................................................................ 14-9 SEVERE WINTER STORM HAZARD IDENTIFICATION MITIGATION STRATEGIES .................................................. 14-10 LVMCOG Mitigation Activities .................................................................................................................... 14-10 SECTION 15. PANDEMIC .................................................................................................... 15-1 THE NATURE OF THE PANDEMIC THREAT ............................................................................................................ 15-1 Major Factors ................................................................................................................................................ 15-1 The Continuum of Pandemic Phases .............................................................................................................. 15-1 Phases of a Pandemic .................................................................................................................................... 15-2 HISTORICAL RECORD OF WORLDWIDE PANDEMIC EVENTS ................................................................................. 15-2 CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COVID-19 .................................................................................................. 15-3 Disasters Declarations and Emergency Proclamations ................................................................................. 15-4 STAKEHOLDER INPUT AND PARTICIPATION ......................................................................................................... 15-4 PANDEMIC HAZARD IDENTIFICATION .................................................................................................................. 15-5 World Health Organization (WHO) Declaration ........................................................................................... 15-5 White House Emergency Declaration ............................................................................................................ 15-5 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Pandemic Declaration ................................................ 15-5 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) ....................................................................................... 15-5 Governor Emergency Declaration ................................................................................................................. 15-6 Stay at Home Order ....................................................................................................................................... 15-6 Estimated Impact of an Event ........................................................................................................................ 15-6 Risk of Future Pandemic ................................................................................................................................ 15-7 PANDEMIC VULNERABILITIES .............................................................................................................................. 15-8 Age ................................................................................................................................................................. 15-8 Business and Industry .................................................................................................................................... 15-9 Healthcare System .......................................................................................................................................... 15-9 Public Gatherings .......................................................................................................................................... 15-9 Underlying Disease ........................................................................................................................................ 15-9 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS.............................................................................................................................. 15-10 PANDEMIC HAZARD IDENTIFICATION MITIGATION STRATEGIES ....................................................................... 15-11 National COVID-19 Preparedness Plan ...................................................................................................... 15-11 LVMCOG Mitigation Activities .................................................................................................................... 15-12 SECTION 16. TERRORISM AND MASS VIOLENCE ....................................................... 16-1 THE NATURE OF THE TERRORISM AND MASS VIOLENCE THREAT ....................................................................... 16-1 HISTORY OF TERRORIST AND MASS VIOLENCE EVENTS IN THE LAS VIRGENES-MALIBU REGION ....................... 16-1 Specific Threats .............................................................................................................................................. 16-1 Motivation ...................................................................................................................................................... 16-2 Disasters Declarations and Emergency Proclamations ................................................................................. 16-2 CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRORISM AND MASS VIOLENCE INCIDENTS ............................................ 16-2 Terrorism ....................................................................................................................................................... 16-2 Mass Violence ................................................................................................................................................ 16-9 ESTIMATED IMPACT OF A TERRORIST EVENT OR MASS VIOLENCE INCIDENT .................................................... 16-11 Risk of Future Terrorism / Mass Casualty ................................................................................................... 16-12 TERRORISM AND MASS VIOLENCE VULNERABILITIES ....................................................................................... 16-12 Impact on the Community ............................................................................................................................ 16-13 STAKEHOLDER INPUT AND PARTICIPATION ....................................................................................................... 16-13 LAW ENFORCEMENT ROLE IN COMBATING TERRORISM AND MASS CASUALTY INCIDENTS .............................. 16-15 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS.............................................................................................................................. 16-15 REGIONAL RESPONSE, MITIGATION, AND PREVENTION ACTIVITIES .................................................................. 16-16 Emergency Response Actions ....................................................................................................................... 16-17 Mitigation and Prevention ........................................................................................................................... 16-18 Terrorism Early Warning Group ................................................................................................................. 16-18 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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TERRORISM AND MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT MITIGATION STRATEGIES ........................................................... 16-19 LVMCOG Mitigation Activities .................................................................................................................... 16-19 SECTION 17. ANNEX A: RESOURCES.............................................................................. 17-1 SECTION 18. ANNEX B: MEETING AGENDAS AND ATTENDEES ............................. 18-1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT AREA B MEETING ....................................................................................................... 18-1 LVMCOG HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING GROUP MEETINGS ......................................................................... 18-7 Project Kick-off Meeting ................................................................................................................................ 18-7 Planning Group Meeting I ............................................................................................................................. 18-9 Planning Group Meeting II .......................................................................................................................... 18-11 SECTION 19. ANNEX C: COMMUNITY DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RISK SURVEY 19-1
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RISK SURVEY RESULTS ...................................................................................... 19-1 OVERALL CHANGES IN PRIORITY ...................................................................................................................... 19-17 SECTION 20. ANNEX D: PLANNING GROUP HMP RISK ASSESSMENT SURVEY .. 20-1 PLANNING GROUP RISK RATINGS ........................................................................................................................ 20-2 RISK ASSESSMENT SURVEY RESULTS .................................................................................................................. 20-3 Terrorism and Mass Casualty Events ............................................................................................................ 20-3 Wildfire .......................................................................................................................................................... 20-5 Earthquake (Greater that Magnitude 6.0) ..................................................................................................... 20-7 Energy Disruption .......................................................................................................................................... 20-9 Climate Change (including Major Drought / Severe Heat) ......................................................................... 20-11 Pandemic ...................................................................................................................................................... 20-13 Landslide, Mudslide, and Debris Flows ....................................................................................................... 20-15 Severe Winter Storm ..................................................................................................................................... 20-17 Severe Windstorm ........................................................................................................................................ 20-19 Tsunami ........................................................................................................................................................ 20-21 Other Hazards .............................................................................................................................................. 20-22 OVERALL CHANGES IN PRIORITY ...................................................................................................................... 20-22 SECTION 21. ANNEX E: PLANNING AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT .......................... 21-1 MITIGATION PLANNING ....................................................................................................................................... 21-1 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND INVOLVEMENT ....................................................................................................... 21-1 Community Disaster Preparedness and Risk Survey ..................................................................................... 21-1 Public Service Bulletins, City Web Pages, City Social Media, and Local News ............................................ 21-1 Public Emergency Preparedness and Mitigation Events ............................................................................... 21-2 Preparedness and Mitigation Planning Workshops ....................................................................................... 21-6 OVERALL CHANGES IN PRIORITY ........................................................................................................................ 21-8 SECTION 22. ANNEX F: FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAPS ......................................... 22-1 CITY OF AGOURA HILLS FIRMS .......................................................................................................................... 22-4 CITY OF CALABASAS FIRMS ............................................................................................................................. 22-10 HIDDEN HILLS FIRMS ....................................................................................................................................... 22-20 MALIBU FIRMS ................................................................................................................................................. 22-23 WESTLAKE VILLAGE FIRMS ............................................................................................................................. 22-44 SECTION 23. ANNEX G: MALIBU FLOOD MITIGATION PLAN .................................. 23-1 SECTION 24. ANNEX H: CITY COUNCIL APPROVALS ................................................ 24-1 CITY OF AGOURA HILLS ...................................................................................................................................... 24-1 CITY OF CALABASAS ........................................................................................................................................... 24-5 CITY OF HIDDEN HILLS........................................................................................................................................ 24-7 CITY OF MALIBU ................................................................................................................................................. 24-8 CITY OF WESTLAKE VILLAGE ............................................................................................................................ 24-11 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Table of Figures
Figure 1: Social Vulnerability Categories.................................................................................. 1-11 Figure 2: HMP Update Process Workflow ................................................................................ 1-17 Figure 3: LVMCOG Population Distribution by City ................................................................. 2-2 Figure 4: Average Temperature by Month (2022) ....................................................................... 2-4 Figure 5: Santa Ana Winds (Feb 2002) ....................................................................................... 2-4 Figure 6: Average Rainfall by Month (2022) .............................................................................. 2-5 Figure 7: Malibu/Lost Hills Sheriff Web Page ............................................................................ 2-6 Figure 8: Los Angeles County Fire Station #89 Web Page ......................................................... 2-8 Figure 9: Calabasas Community Center Web Page ..................................................................... 2-9 Figure 10: Alert LA County Program ........................................................................................ 2-10 Figure 11: City of Agoura Hills Aerial View ............................................................................ 2-11 Figure 12: Reyes Adobe............................................................................................................. 2-13 Figure 13: City of Agoura Hills Local Area Views ................................................................... 2-13 Figure 14: City of Agoura Hills Taxable Sales Percentage by Category .................................. 2-16 Figure 15: City of Agoura Hills Economy by Sector ................................................................ 2-17 Figure 16: City of Agoura Hills Female to Male Distribution................................................... 2-18 Figure 17: City of Agoura Hills Age Distribution ..................................................................... 2-18 Figure 18: City of Agoura Hills Race Composition .................................................................. 2-19 Figure 19: City of Agoura Hills Language Spoken at Home..................................................... 2-20 Figure 20: City of Agoura Hills Income Distribution ................................................................ 2-21 Figure 21: City of Agoura Hills Number of Structures Built by Year....................................... 2-23 Figure 22: City of Agoura Hills Distribution of Owner Occupied Unit Values ........................ 2-24 Figure 23: City of Calabasas Aerial View ................................................................................. 2-29 Figure 24: City of Calabasas Taxable Sales Percentage by Category ....................................... 2-33 Figure 25: City of Calabasas Economy by Sector ..................................................................... 2-34 Figure 26: City of Calabasas Female to Male Distribution ....................................................... 2-35 Figure 27: City of Calabasas Age Distribution .......................................................................... 2-35 Figure 28: City of Calabasas Race Distribution ........................................................................ 2-36 Figure 29: City of Calabasas Language Spoken at Home ......................................................... 2-37 Figure 30: City of Calabasas Income Distribution .................................................................... 2-38 Figure 31: City of Calabasas Number of Structures Built by Year ........................................... 2-40 Figure 32: City of Calabasas Distribution of Owner Occupied Unit Values ............................. 2-41 Figure 33: City of Hidden Hills Aerial View............................................................................. 2-45 Figure 34: City of Hidden Hills Entrance Gate ......................................................................... 2-47 Figure 35: City of Hidden Hills Female to Male Distribution ................................................... 2-50 Figure 36: City of Hidden Hills Age Distribution ..................................................................... 2-50 Figure 37: City of Hidden Hills Race Composition................................................................... 2-51 Figure 38: City of Hidden Hills Languages Spoken at Home ................................................... 2-52 Figure 39: City of Hidden Hills Income Distribution ................................................................ 2-53 Figure 40: City of Hidden Hills City Offices............................................................................. 2-54 Figure 41: City of Hidden Hills Number of Structures Built by Year ....................................... 2-55 Figure 42: City of Hidden Hills Owner Occupied Unit Values ................................................. 2-56 Figure 43: City of Malibu Aerial View ...................................................................................... 2-59 Figure 44: Malibu Coastline ...................................................................................................... 2-61 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Figure 45: City of Malibu Economy by Sector .......................................................................... 2-64 Figure 46: City of Malibu Female to Male Distribution ............................................................ 2-65 Figure 47: City of Malibu Age Distribution .............................................................................. 2-65 Figure 48: City of Malibu Race Composition............................................................................ 2-66 Figure 49: City of Malibu Languages Spoken at Home ............................................................ 2-67 Figure 50: City of Malibu Income Distribution ......................................................................... 2-68 Figure 51: City of Malibu Number of Structures Built by Year ................................................ 2-70 Figure 52: City of Malibu Distribution of Owner Occupied Unit Values ................................. 2-71 Figure 53: City of Westlake Village Aerial View ..................................................................... 2-75 Figure 54: City of Westlake Village Taxable Sales Percentage by Category ............................ 2-79 Figure 55: City of Westlake Village Economy by Sector .......................................................... 2-80 Figure 56: City of Westlake Village Female to Male Distribution ............................................ 2-81 Figure 57: City of Westlake Village Age Distribution .............................................................. 2-81 Figure 58: City of Westlake Village Race Distribution ............................................................. 2-82 Figure 59: City of Westlake Village Languages Spoken at Home ............................................ 2-83 Figure 60: City of Westlake Village Income Distribution ......................................................... 2-84 Figure 61: City of Westlake Village Number of Structures Built by Year ................................ 2-86 Figure 62: Westlake Village Distribution of Owner Occupied Unit Values ............................. 2-87 Figure 63: City of Westlake Village Finalsite Connect Sign-up Page....................................... 2-89 Figure 64: San Bruno Pipeline Explosion .................................................................................. 3-13 Figure 65: Simi-Santa Rosa M7.0 EQ Peak Ground Acceleration Estimate ............................. 3-29 Figure 66: Michael Landon Center at Bluffs Park ..................................................................... 4-96 Figure 67: Zuma Beach Parking Lot .......................................................................................... 4-98 Figure 68: City of Malibu Emergency Preparedness Library .................................................. 4-101 Figure 69: CCAMP Letter (Page 1) ......................................................................................... 4-102 Figure 70: CCAMP Letter (Page 2) ......................................................................................... 4-103 Figure 71: City of Malibu Emergency Information TV Bulletins ........................................... 4-107 Figure 72: Westlake Village Training Brochure ...................................................................... 4-114 Figure 73: Westlake Village Emergency Preparedness Plan ................................................... 4-116 Figure 74: City of Agoura Hills HMP Public Download Links .................................................. 5-5 Figure 75: City of Calabasas HMP Public Download Links ...................................................... 5-6 Figure 76: City of Hidden Hills HMP Public Download Links................................................... 5-7 Figure 77: City of Malibu HMP Public Download Link ............................................................. 5-7 Figure 78: City of Westlake Village HMP Public Download Links ........................................... 5-8 Figure 79: HMP Community Risk Survey Announcement and Link - City of Agoura Hills ..... 5-9 Figure 80: HMP Community Risk Survey Link - City of Calabasas .......................................... 5-9 Figure 81: HMP Community Risk Survey Announcement - City of Hidden Hills ................... 5-10 Figure 82: HMP Community Risk Survey Announcement - City of Westlake Village ............ 5-10 Figure 83: HMP Community Risk Survey................................................................................. 5-11 Figure 84: Woolsey Fire Smoke Plume ....................................................................................... 7-2 Figure 85: Woolsey Fire – Overlooking King Gillette Ranch ..................................................... 7-4 Figure 86: Woolsey Fire - Peter Strauss Ranch ........................................................................... 7-4 Figure 87: SCE Public Safety Power Shutoff Process ............................................................... 7-13 Figure 88: LACoFD Ready Set Go Web Page .......................................................................... 7-21 Figure 89: A Road Map to Fire Safety Booklet ......................................................................... 7-22 Figure 90: California Drought Monitor, September 2018 ........................................................... 8-3 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Figure 91: 2011-2017 California Drought Percent of Area Impact by Year ............................... 8-3 Figure 92: Time Series - Departures from 1991 – 2020 Computed Average(s) for 1-month periods ending in June .............................................................................................................................. 8-6 Figure 93: California Percent Area in U.S. Drought Monitor Categories ................................... 8-6 Figure 94: Annual Precipitation in Los Angeles County ............................................................. 8-7 Figure 95: Average Annual Temperature for Los Angeles County ............................................. 8-9 Figure 96: Annual Mean Sea Level Trends ................................................................................. 8-9 Figure 97: Number of Extreme Heat Days by Year .................................................................. 8-21 Figure 98: Statewide Annual Precipitation (1895-2021) - California ....................................... 8-23 Figure 99: Extended Drought Scenario (2051 - 2070) ............................................................... 8-23 Figure 100: Beach Change Projections ...................................................................................... 8-24 Figure 101: City of Agoura Hills CAAP Program..................................................................... 8-26 Figure 102: City of Agoura Hills Solid Waste Management Web Page ................................... 8-27 Figure 103: City of Calabasas Green City Web Page ................................................................ 8-29 Figure 104: City of Hidden Hills Solar Energy Web Page ........................................................ 8-33 Figure 105: City of Malibu Environmental Programs Web Page .............................................. 8-35 Figure 106: City of Malibu Environmental Sustainability Facebook Page ............................... 8-35 Figure 107: City of Westlake Village Sustainability Web Page ................................................ 8-37 Figure 108: Westlake Village Green Rebate and Incentive Programs ...................................... 8-38 Figure 109: City of Westlake Village Zero Emission Ordinance Timeline............................... 8-39 Figure 110: City of Westlake Village Trash & Recycling Programs ........................................ 8-39 Figure 111: NERC Interconnections ............................................................................................ 9-1 Figure 112: Infrastructure Interdependencies ............................................................................ 9-12 Figure 113: Montecito Mudflow 2018 ....................................................................................... 10-7 Figure 114: Malibu Erosion Control Information Bulletin ...................................................... 10-26 Figure 115: Malibu Plan Check Submittal Checklist - Grading .............................................. 10-26 Figure 116: SCE Public Safety Power Shutoff Process ........................................................... 11-12 Figure 117: Santa Ana Wind Satellite Image .......................................................................... 11-13 Figure 118: Cal OES Tsunami Hazard Area and Risk .............................................................. 13-5 Figure 119: Topanga State Beach .............................................................................................. 13-7 Figure 120: Malibu Pier ............................................................................................................. 13-7 Figure 121: National Weather Service Tsunami Alert Categories .......................................... 13-14 Figure 122: Topanga State Beach .............................................................................................. 14-4 Figure 123: Malibu Pier ............................................................................................................. 14-4 Figure 124: The Continuum of Pandemic Phases ...................................................................... 15-1 Figure 125: Phases of a Pandemic ............................................................................................. 15-2 Figure 126: Covid-19 Cases by City .......................................................................................... 15-3 Figure 127: U.S. GAO - Domestic Terrorism Incidents by State, 2010 through 2021 ............. 16-6 Figure 128: U.S. GAO - Domestic Terrorism-Related Incidents by Category, from 2010 through 2021............................................................................................................................................ 16-7 Figure 129: Active Shooter Incidents 2018 -2022 ..................................................................... 16-9 Figure 130: LVMCOG Planning Group Risk Assessment Results ........................................... 20-3 Figure 131: National Preparedness Month 2023 Speaker Series- City of Malibu ..................... 21-2 Figure 132: Preparedness Saturday - Agoura Hills.................................................................... 21-2 Figure 133: Fire Season Briefing - Calabasas ............................................................................ 21-2 Figure 134: Community Resiliency & Preparedness Event - Hidden Hills............................... 21-3 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Figure 135: Emergency Preparedness Month Bulletin – Westlake Village .............................. 21-3 Figure 136: Agoura Hills Emergency Preparedness Web Page ................................................. 21-3 Figure 137: Calabasas Public Safety & Emergency Preparedness Web Page ........................... 21-3 Figure 138: Hidden Hills Emergency Preparedness Web Page ................................................. 21-4 Figure 139: Malibu Public Safety Open House ......................................................................... 21-4 Figure 140: Westlake Village Emergency Preparedness Web Page .......................................... 21-4 Figure 141: Agoura Hills CERT ................................................................................................ 21-5 Figure 142: Calabasas CERT ..................................................................................................... 21-5 Figure 143: Hidden Hills CERT ................................................................................................ 21-5 Figure 144: Malibu CERT ......................................................................................................... 21-5 Figure 145: Westlake Village CERT ......................................................................................... 21-5 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Table of Maps
Map 1: Area Map ......................................................................................................................... 1-4 Map 2: LVMCOG Cities ............................................................................................................. 1-5 Map 3: Los Angeles County Disaster Management Areas and LVMCOG Cities (circled) ........ 1-7 Map 4: Population Density .......................................................................................................... 2-2 Map 5: Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Region Map .......................................... 2-3 Map 6: LASD Malibu/Lost Hills Station Location...................................................................... 2-6 Map 7: City of Agoura Hills Location Map............................................................................... 2-12 Map 8: City of Calabasas Location Map ................................................................................... 2-30 Map 9: City of Hidden Hills Location Map ............................................................................... 2-46 Map 10: Malibu Location Map .................................................................................................. 2-60 Map 11: Westlake Village Location Map .................................................................................. 2-76 Map 12: LVMCOG Study Area ................................................................................................... 3-6 Map 13: Pipelines - Agoura Hills .............................................................................................. 3-12 Map 14: Pipelines – West Calabasas and Hidden Hills ............................................................. 3-12 Map 15: Pipelines - East Calabasas ........................................................................................... 3-13 Map 16: Airports within 25 miles .............................................................................................. 3-15 Map 17: Estimated Critical Facilities in the Area ...................................................................... 3-17 Map 18: Las Virgenes-Malibu COG Fire Stations .................................................................... 3-18 Map 19: Las Virgenes Municipal Water District Service Area ................................................. 3-19 Map 20: Simi-Santa Rosa M7.0 EQ Total $ Loss Estimate ...................................................... 3-34 Map 21: Simi-Santa Rosa Fault M7.0 EQ Residential $ Loss Estimate .................................... 3-37 Map 22: Simi-Santa Rosa Fault M7.0 EQ Commercial $ Loss Estimate .................................. 3-38 Map 23: Simi-Santa Rosa Fault M7.0 EQ Industrial $ Loss Estimate ...................................... 3-39 Map 24: Malibu Coast M7.0 EQ Peak Ground Acceleration Estimate ..................................... 3-40 Map 25: Malibu Coast M7.0 EQ Total $ Loss Estimate............................................................ 3-45 Map 26: Malibu Coast Fault M7.0 EQ Residential $ Loss Estimate ......................................... 3-48 Map 27: Malibu Coast Fault M7.0 EQ Commercial $ Loss Estimate ....................................... 3-49 Map 28: Malibu Coast Fault M7.0 EQ Industrial $ Loss Estimate ........................................... 3-50 Map 29: 50-year Flood Residential Building Dollar Loss Estimate .......................................... 3-52 Map 30: 50-year Flood Commercial Building Dollar Loss Estimate ........................................ 3-52 Map 31: 50-year Flood Industrial Building Dollar Loss Estimate ............................................ 3-53 Map 32: 100-year Flood Residential Building Dollar Loss Estimate ........................................ 3-54 Map 33: 100-year Flood Commercial Building Dollar Loss Estimate ...................................... 3-55 Map 34: 100-year Flood Industrial Building Dollar Loss Estimate .......................................... 3-55 Map 35: Wildfire $ Loss Estimate ............................................................................................. 3-56 Map 36: Westlake Village Land Use Plan Map......................................................................... 3-66 Map 37: San Andreas Fault "Big Bend" ...................................................................................... 6-1 Map 38: Parallel Faults to the San Andreas Fault........................................................................ 6-1 Map 39: Los Angeles County Earthquakes for the Past 7 Days .................................................. 6-2 Map 40: Earthquake Faults in the LVMCOG Region ................................................................. 6-5 Map 41: Southern California PHSA Model (USGS) ................................................................... 6-7 Map 42: Northridge Earthquake ShakeMap ................................................................................ 6-9 Map 43: Santa Monica Fault Scenario ShakeMap ..................................................................... 6-10 Map 44: Newport-Inglewood Fault Scenario ShakeMap .......................................................... 6-11 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Map 45: San Andreas Fault Scenario ShakeMap ...................................................................... 6-12 Map 46: Liquefaction Zones ...................................................................................................... 6-18 Map 47: Potential Earthquake Induced Landslide Areas ........................................................... 6-19 Map 48: Woolsey Fire Perimeter ................................................................................................. 7-2 Map 49: FHSZ SRA for the LVMCOG Region (currently in the regulatory process as of September 29, 2023) ...................................................................................................................................... 7-6 Map 50: Significant Wildland Fire Potential Outlook – November 2023 ................................. 7-14 Map 51: Average Annual Maximum Temperature Trends – June 1991 – 2020 (30 years) ........ 8-1 Map 52: City of Malibu High Tide Flood Zones ......................................................................... 8-2 Map 53: U.S. Seasonal Drought Outlook .................................................................................... 8-4 Map 54: CNAP Mean Temperature Departures from 1981-2010 Average ................................. 8-5 Map 55: U.S. Drought Monitor - Western States Status (Dec 2022) .......................................... 8-6 Map 56: Sea Level Trends ......................................................................................................... 8-10 Map 57: Malibu Coastal Flood Areas from a High Tide Flooding – Puerco Beach to Malibu Beach .................................................................................................................................................... 8-15 Map 58: Coastal Flood Areas from High Tide Flooding - Malibu Beach and Malibu Lagoon 8-16 Map 59: Magnitude and Frequency of Extreme Heat Events (trend per decade 1950 - 2021) . 8-22 Map 60: Dormant and Active Landslide Areas in the LVMCOG Region ................................ 10-8 Map 61: Agoura Hills Landslide, Debris Flow, and Mudflow Areas ...................................... 10-14 Map 62: Calabasas Landslide, Debris Flow, and Mudflow Areas .......................................... 10-14 Map 63: Malibu Landslide, Debris Flow, and Mudflow Areas ............................................... 10-15 Map 64: Westlake Village Landslide, Debris Flow, and Mudflow Areas ............................... 10-15 Map 65: Annualized Frequency of Strong Wind National Risk Index ...................................... 11-4 Map 66: Santa Ana Wind Circulation Pattern ......................................................................... 11-13 Map 67: North Santa Monica Bay Watershed ......................................................................... 12-12 Map 68: LVMCOG Dams with Inundation Maps ................................................................... 12-14 Map 69: Westlake Reservoir Inundation Map Westlake Reservoir Inundation Map .............. 12-15 Map 70: Westlake Reservoir Inundation Timeline Map 1 ....................................................... 12-15 Map 71: Westlake Reservoir Inundation Timeline Map 2 ....................................................... 12-16 Map 72: Lake Sherwood Inundation Map ............................................................................... 12-16 Map 73: Lake Sherwood Inundation Timeline Map ................................................................ 12-17 Map 74: Potrero Dam Inundation Map .................................................................................... 12-17 Map 75: Potrero Dam Inundation Timeline Map .................................................................... 12-18 Map 76: Lake Eleanor Inundation Map ................................................................................... 12-18 Map 77: Lake Eleanor Inundation Timeline Map .................................................................... 12-19 Map 78: Malibu Lake............................................................................................................... 12-19 Map 79: Malibu Lake Inundation Map .................................................................................... 12-20 Map 80: Malibu Lake Inundation Timeline Map of Malibu Lagoon ...................................... 12-20 Map 81: FEMA 100-Year Floodplain Map ............................................................................. 12-21 Map 82: Malibu Flood Insurance Rate Map, Panel 1511 ........................................................ 12-30 Map 83: Malibu Coastline Example ........................................................................................ 12-31 Map 84: City of Agoura Hills Flood Areas ............................................................................. 12-36 Map 85: City of Agoura Hills Flood Insurance Rate Map....................................................... 12-37 Map 86: Drainages and Floodways in Calabasas .................................................................... 12-38 Map 87: City of Calabasas Flood Insurance Rate Map ID ...................................................... 12-39 Map 88: City of Hidden Hills Flood Insurance Rate Map ID.................................................. 12-41 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Map 89: City of Malibu Flood Insurance Rate Map ID and Zones ......................................... 12-42 Map 90: City of Westlake Village Flood Insurance Rate Map ID .......................................... 12-46 Map 91: City of Malibu Boundaries and Coastline ................................................................... 13-3 Map 92: Malibu Tsunami Risk .................................................................................................. 13-4 Map 93: Malibu Tsunami Hazard Area ..................................................................................... 13-5 Map 94: Malibu Lagoon Tsunami Risk ..................................................................................... 13-6 Map 95: Corral Canyon Tsunami Risk ...................................................................................... 13-6 Map 96: Escondido Beach Tsunami Risk .................................................................................. 13-6 Map 97: Zuma Beach Tsunami Risk ......................................................................................... 13-6 Map 98: Malibu Coastline Example .......................................................................................... 14-8 Map 99: Winter Weather National Risk Index .......................................................................... 14-9 Map 100: City of Agoura Hills Flood Areas ........................................................................... 14-12 Map 101: City of Agoura Hills Flood Insurance Rate Map..................................................... 14-13 Map 102: Drainages and Floodways in Calabasas .................................................................. 14-14 Map 103: City of Calabasas Flood Insurance Rate Map ID .................................................... 14-15 Map 104: City of Hidden Hills Flood Insurance Rate Map ID ................................................ 14-17 Map 105: City of Malibu Flood Insurance Rate Map ID and Zones ....................................... 14-18 Map 106: City of Westlake Village Flood Insurance Rate Map ID and Zones ....................... 14-22 Map 107: Agoura Hills and Westlake Village FIRM Panel 1241 ............................................. 22-4 Map 108: Agoura Hills FIRM Panel 1242 ................................................................................. 22-5 Map 109: Agoura Hills FIRM Panel 1243 ................................................................................. 22-6 Map 110: Agoura Hills FIRM Panel 1244 ................................................................................. 22-7 Map 111: Agoura Hills FIRM Panel 1261 ................................................................................. 22-8 Map 112: Agoura Hills and Calabasas FIRM Panel 1263 ......................................................... 22-9 Map 113: Calabasas FIRM Panel 1262 ................................................................................... 22-10 Map 114: Calabasas FIRM Panel 1263 ................................................................................... 22-11 Map 115: Calabasas FIRM Panel 1264 ................................................................................... 22-12 Map 116: Calabasas FIRM Panel 1267 ................................................................................... 22-13 Map 117: Calabasas FIRM Panel 1268 ................................................................................... 22-14 Map 118: Calabasas FIRM Panel 1269 ................................................................................... 22-15 Map 119: Calabasas FIRM Panel 1527 ................................................................................... 22-16 Map 120: Calabasas FIRM Panel 1531 ................................................................................... 22-17 Map 121: Calabasas FIRM Panel 1288 ................................................................................... 22-18 Map 122: Calabasas FIRM Panel 1532 ................................................................................... 22-19 Map 123: Hidden Hills FIRM Panel 1266 ............................................................................... 22-20 Map 124: Hidden Hills FIRM Panel 1267 ............................................................................... 22-21 Map 125: Calabasas and Hidden Hills FIRM Panel 1268 ....................................................... 22-22 Map 126: Malibu FIRM Panel 1485 ........................................................................................ 22-23 Map 127: Malibu FIRM Panel 1487 ........................................................................................ 22-24 Map 128: Malibu FIRM Panel 1491 ........................................................................................ 22-25 Map 129: Malibu FIRM Panel 1492 ........................................................................................ 22-26 Map 130: Malibu FIRM Panel 1511 ........................................................................................ 22-27 Map 131: Malibu FIRM Panel 1512 ........................................................................................ 22-28 Map 132: Malibu FIRM Panel 1513 ........................................................................................ 22-29 Map 133: Malibu FIRM Panel 1514 ........................................................................................ 22-30 Map 134: Malibu FIRM Panel 1516 ........................................................................................ 22-31 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Map 135: Malibu FIRM Panel 1517 ........................................................................................ 22-32 Map 136: Malibu FIRM Panel 1518 ........................................................................................ 22-33 Map 137: Malibu FIRM Panel 1519 ........................................................................................ 22-34 Map 138: Malibu FIRM Panel 1536 ........................................................................................ 22-35 Map 139: Malibu FIRM Panel 1537 ........................................................................................ 22-36 Map 140: Malibu FIRM Panel 1539 ........................................................................................ 22-37 Map 141: Malibu FIRM Panel 1538 ........................................................................................ 22-38 Map 142: Malibu FIRM Panel 1541 ........................................................................................ 22-39 Map 143: Malibu FIRM Panel 1542 ........................................................................................ 22-40 Map 144: Malibu FIRM Panel 1443 ........................................................................................ 22-41 Map 145: Malibu FIRM Panel 1561 ........................................................................................ 22-42 Map 146: Malibu FIRM Panel 1562 ........................................................................................ 22-43 Map 147: Westlake Village FIRM Panel 1239 ........................................................................ 22-44 Map 148: Westlake Village FIRM Panel 1241 ........................................................................ 22-45 Map 149: Westlake Village FIRM Panel 1543 ........................................................................ 22-46 Map 150: Westlake Village FIRM Panel 1502 ........................................................................ 22-47 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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PART I: OVERVIEW AND MITIGATION STRATEGY ACTION
PLAN
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan was an extensive effort that involved the efforts of multiple individuals representing all five cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments. Participants in the process included:
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Governing Board Terry Dipple, Executive Director Las Virgenes-Malibu
Council of Governments
Eniko Gold, Mayor & Councilmember City of Hidden Hills
Alicia Weintraub, President & Mayor City of Calabasas
Penny Sylvester, Mayor Pro Tem & Councilmember City of Agoura Hills Paul Grisanti, Councilmember City of Malibu
Kelly Honig, Mayor Pro Tem & Councilmember City of Westlake Village Planning Group
As part of stakeholder participation in the plan, the Planning Group below were involved in the MJHMP update process via Planning Meetings and Public Meetings. Each Planning Group further included the appropriate resources from each city as part of the planning process as necessary.
Additional departments include Public Safety, Emergency Management, Emergency Services, Building and Safety, Community Services, Public Works, Information Technology, etc.
Terry Dipple, Executive Director Las Virgenes-Malibu
Council of Governments
Louis Celaya, Deputy City Manager
John Treichler, Administrative Analyst City of Agoura Hills Michael Dyer, Director of Public Safety and Emergency
Preparedness
Debbie Larson, Public Safety Coordinator
City of Calabasas
Kerry Kallman, City Manager
Michael Woodard, Emergency Services Coordinator City of Hidden Hills Susan Duenas, Public Safety Director City of Malibu
Caleb Mott, Administrative Analyst City of Westlake Village Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Additional Stakeholders
The Risk Assessment Survey and Community Disaster Preparedness and Risk Survey were additionally distributed to the stakeholders below (via city website, newsletters, social media posts, etc.) to determine the relative risks associated with the major hazards identified in the LVMCOG region. The information was used to prioritize the threats to the region.
City Department
Agoura Hills
Agoura Hills Chamber of
Commerce
Community Development
Community Services
Emergency Management
Public Safety
Public Works
Calabasas
Calabasas Chamber of Commerce
Community Development
Community Services
Emergency Preparedness
Information Technology
Public Safety
Public Works
Hidden Hills
Building and Safety
Community Association
Emergency Management
Engineering
Public Works
Malibu
California Coastal Commission
Community Services
Emergency Preparedness
Environmental Sustainability
Housing Navigator
Malibu Chamber of Commerce
Outreach Team
Planning
Pepperdine University
Public Works
Westlake
Village
Administrative Services
Building and Safety
Community Development
Community Services
DRT Team
Emergency Preparedness
Engineering
Public Works
St. Joseph Center
The People Concern
Westlake Village Chamber of
Commerce
Regional
LA County Fire
LA County Planning
LA County Public Works
Las Virgenes Municipal Water
District
Metropolitan Water District
Southern California Edison (SCE)
SoCalGas (SCG)
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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City Outreach to Socially Vulnerable Populations
Agoura Hills Community Services Department: In Agoura Hills, the Community Services department aims to improve the quality of life for the community through diverse recreational opportunities and community involvement. The department works in conjunction with other nonprofit organizations but is one of the primary sources for outreach to vulnerable populations.
Calabasas Community Development Department: In Calabasas, the community development department is responsible for the administration of the City's development process including residential, commercial, and industrial uses. Vulnerable populations indicated were sourced through the community development department and community services. Additionally, the City of Calabasas has partnered with the County of Los Angeles and other regional non-profit providers to offer a multi-disciplinary and collaborative response to homelessness. This allows the City to provide a wide variety of services to support community members who are unhoused.
Hidden Hills Community Association: The Association is comprised of a seven-member Board of Directors, all of whom are volunteers and homeowners; various committees; and on-site management staff. The association, as well as other non-profit organization, collaborate with identified vulnerable populations in terms of outreach and engagement.
Malibu Community Services Department: The Community Services Department provides programs and facilities to meet the recreation and leisure needs of the community. Additionally, the department assists in efforts to engage with the socially vulnerable. Additionally, the City currently provides funding for an Outreach Team and a Housing Navigator who work with landlords and shelter facilities throughout Los Angeles County to help people experiencing homelessness get off the streets and into housing.
Westlake Village Administrative Services Department: The Administrative Services Department is responsible for overseeing the operations, programs and planning of administrative services including finance, budget, information technology, economic development, human resources, organizational performance, and risk management. The department assisted in public outreach efforts to vulnerable populations. Additionally, the City of Westlake Village works with non-profit organizations such as The People Concern to provide comprehensive, coordinated services to homeless individuals throughout Los Angeles County and St. Joseph Center to offer outreach & Engagement, Housing, Mental Health, and Education & Vocational programs to working poor families, as well as homeless men, women, and children of all ages.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments (LVMCOG) was established by its members under a Joint Powers Agreement to provide a vehicle for members to engage in regional and cooperative planning and coordination of government services and responsibilities. The LVMCOG also provides a regional organization for the review of federal, state and regional projects and studies which involve the use of federal, state and regional funds.
The LVMCOG is located in the northwest area of Los Angeles County and is comprised of five cities: Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, and Westlake Village. The total five city population as of the 2022 was 61,721, a 9.4% decrease from 2017).
Location 2022 Estimated Population % of Los Angeles County Agoura Hills 19,464 0.20%
Calabasas 22,491 0.23%
Hidden Hills 1,702 0.02%
Malibu 10,370 0.11%
Westlake Village 7,694 0.08%
LVMCOG 61,721 0.63%
Los Angeles County 9,721,138 100.00%
Table 1: LVMCOG Estimated Population by City
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau
Map 1: Area Map
Source: NOAA
Hidden Hills
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Multi-Jurisdictional Plan
The cities within the LVMCOG experience similar hazards and have combined their efforts in order to produce a more thorough Hazard Mitigation Plan. Combining efforts, identifying common threats, and establishing regional mitigation strategies was a collaborative task that allowed mutual participation and more effective use of resources. The LVMCOG also provides a point of coordination and collaboration between its member cities as well as other cities and public agencies.
This Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan meets the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. By preparing this plan, the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments is eligible for federal mitigation funding after disasters and to apply for mitigation grants before disasters strike.
Map 2: LVMCOG Cities
Agoura Hills
Calabasas
Hidden
Hills
Westlake
Village
Malibu
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Los Angeles County Operational Area and Disaster Management Areas The Los Angeles County Office of Emergency Management (OEM) was established by Chapter
2.68 of the County Code with responsibility for organizing and directing the preparedness efforts of the Emergency Management Organization of Los Angeles County. OEM responsibilities include: Planning and Coordination, Operations, Training, Technical Operations, and Public Education.
The Los Angeles County Operational Area is divided into 8 groupings (A through H):
Area A
Beverly Hills
Culver City
Santa Monica
West Hollywood
City Of Industry Carson
Area B
Agoura Hills*
Calabasas*
Hidden Hills*
Lancaster
Malibu*
Palmdale
Santa Clarita
Westlake Village*
Area C
Alhambra
Burbank
Glendale
La Canada Flintridge
Monterey Park
Pasadena
San Fernando
San Gabriel
San Marino
South Pasadena
Area D
Arcadia
Azusa
Baldwin Park
Bradbury
Claremont
Covina
Diamond Bar
Duarte
El Monte
Glendora
Irwindale
La Puente
La Verne
Monrovia
Pomona
Rosemead
San Dimas
Sierra Madre
South El Monte
Temple City
Walnut
West Covina
Area E
Artesia
Bell
Bell Gardens
Bellflower
Cerritos
City Of Commerce
Compton
Cudahy
Downey
Hawaiian Gardens
Huntington Park
La Habra Heights
La Mirada
Lakewood
Lynwood
Maywood
Montebello
Norwalk
Paramount
Pico Rivera
Santa Fe Springs
South Gate
Vernon
Whittier
Area F
Avalon
Long Beach
Signal Hill
Area G
El Segundo
Gardena
Hawthorne
Hermosa Beach
Inglewood
Lawndale
Lomita
Manhattan Beach
Palos Verdes Estates
Rancho Palos Verdes
Redondo Beach
Rolling Hills
Rolling Hills Estates
Torrance
Area H
Los Angeles
*LVMCOG Members highlighted in in blue
The Joint Powers Agreement provides for inter-agency cooperation in major natural or man-made disasters. This group meets monthly basis and is responsible for:
Creating and updating emergency, terrorism, recovery volunteer, debris management and hazard mitigation plans
Training for emergency and disaster preparedness for cities, residents and businesses Technology for communications
Homeland Security Grants Program (management)
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The five cities within the LVMCOG are an integral part of Los Angeles County Disaster Management Area B, which is comprised of the five LVMCOG cities plus Lancaster, Palmdale, and Santa Clarita. As members of Area B, the LVMCOG cities are able to incorporate County hazard mitigation and emergency response activities and programs into their local strategies.
Examples include the Los Angeles County Fire Department’s wildfire prevention efforts, Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) programs, and the Alert LA County emergency notification system.
Map 3: Los Angeles County Disaster Management Areas and LVMCOG Cities (circled) Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Hazard Mitigation Plan Organization
This Hazard Mitigation Plan contains background information on the purpose and methodology used to develop the mitigation plan, a profile of the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region, sections on the identified hazards that threaten the Region as well as the associated risks, a five-year mitigation strategy action plan matrix, and supporting information contained in the Appendices. Additional section details are provided in the following sections.
Mitigation Strategy Five-Year Action Plan
The Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Action Plan includes resources and information to assist residents, public and private sector organizations, and others interested in participating in planning for hazards. The Mitigation Strategy Action Plan provides a list of activities designed to assist the LVMCOG to reduce risk and prevent losses from future hazard events. The strategies address multi-hazard issues, as well as hazard specific activities for earthquakes, wildfires, power outages, climate change/drought, flooding, landslides/mudslides, pandemics windstorms, and terrorism/mass casualty incidents.
Plan Participants
The development of the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan has been a collaborative city and community effort. The planning process was facilitated by a variety of Region-wide departments along with a consulting agency, MLC & Associates. The Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Governing Board and Planning Group provided vital guidance in developing and updating the plan. Since five cities are represented, at least one representative from each city was a member of the Planning Group.
The public was invited to participate in the development and update of the plan. In addition, ongoing disaster preparedness and mitigation information is routinely provided through public notices, city websites, newsletters, cable television, and the local newspapers.
The Planning Group was chosen to provide needed feedback, guidance and approval. In addition, the Planning Group provided key information, supporting documentation, and updated the hazard ratings for the identified local area hazards. The hazard rating identified hazards according to probability, magnitude/severity, warning time and duration. The survey is provided in Annex C:
Disaster Preparedness Risk Survey.
Part II of the plan contains hazard specific information. Each of the sections provides information on the background and history of the hazard, as well as the associated economic and social impacts.
Plan Mission
The Mission of the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan is to promote sound public policy and programs designed to protect the public, critical facilities, infrastructure, private and public property, and the environment from natural and human generated hazards. This will be achieved by developing, implementing, and maintaining this plan to guide the Region towards creating and maintaining a safer more sustainable community.
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Plan Goals
The Plan Goals describe the overall direction that the LVMCOG’s’ agencies, organizations, and citizens can take to minimize the impacts of hazards. The Plan Goals help to guide the direction of future activities aimed at reducing risk and preventing loss from hazards. The Plan Goals are the foundation for the broad direction of the Mission Statement and the specific recommendations that are outlined in the strategies. These goals are divided into 4 major categories:
To Protect Life, Property, Environment
Implement activities that assist in protecting lives by making homes, businesses, infrastructure, critical facilities, and other property to be more resistant to hazards with attention to addressing the needs of the socially vulnerable community based on:
o Socioeconomic Status
o Household Composition and Disability
o Minority Status & Language
o Housing & Transportation
Reduce losses and repetitive damages for chronic hazard events while promoting insurance coverage for catastrophic hazards.
Encourage preventative measures for existing and new development in areas vulnerable to hazards.
Public Awareness
Develop and implement education and outreach programs to increase public awareness of the risks associated with hazards.
Develop and implement education and outreach programs to increase public awareness of the mitigation measures associated with hazards.
Provide information on tools, partnership opportunities, and funding resources to assist in implementing mitigation activities.
Partnerships and Implementation
Strengthen communication and coordinate participation among and within public agencies, citizens, non-profit organizations, business, and industry to gain a vested interest in implementation.
Encourage leadership within public and private sector organizations to prioritize and implement local, county, and Regional hazard mitigation activities.
Assist in the development of the Safety Element of the General Plan Emergency Management
Establish policy to ensure mitigation projects for critical facilities, services, and infrastructure.
Update current ordinances, make recommendations for Region guidelines, codes, and permitting process and establish new ordinances that support mitigation.
Strengthen emergency operations by increasing collaboration and coordination among departments, public agencies, non-profit organizations, business, and industry.
Coordinate and integrate hazard mitigation activities, where appropriate, with emergency operations plans and procedures.
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Strategy Organization
The data collection, research and the public participation process resulted in the development of the hazard mitigation strategies listed. The strategies outline activities in which each of the various cities and citizens can be engaged to reduce risk. They reflect future action to be taken in order to reduce the loss of property and life. Section 4 Hazard Mitigation Goals and Strategies provides brief descriptions of the projects and strategies developed.
Plan Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation
Section 5 Plan Maintenance and Monitoring details the formal process that describes how the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan is maintained. The plan maintenance process included a schedule for monitoring and evaluating the plan and producing a plan revision every five years. In addition, this section also describes how the LVMCOG integrated public participation in the plan maintenance and update process.
Finally, the Plan Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation section includes an explanation of how the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments incorporated the mitigation strategies outlined into existing planning mechanisms such as each city’s individual General Plans, Capital Improvement Plans, Building & Safety Codes and other programs, and/or plans within the cities.
Plan Adoption
In 2005, each member city of the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments adopted the original Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. Subsequently, from 2010 to 2018 and this 2023 HMP were updated, reviewed, and adopted. These governing bodies have the authority to promote sound public policy regarding hazards.
The Executive Director of the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG was responsible for submitting the updated plan to the State Hazard Mitigation Officer at the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES). Cal OES then submitted the updated plan to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for review. This review addressed the federal criteria outlined in Title 44 CFR Emergency Management and Assistance: Part 201 – Mitigation Planning. Upon acceptance by FEMA, Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments will maintain its eligibility for Hazard Mitigation Grant Program funds.
Coordinating Body
The Planning Group was responsible for coordinating implementation of plan strategies and undertaking the formal review process. The Planning Group was also responsible for the tactical and operational tasks required to implement the Hazard Mitigation Plan.
The Planning Group routinely monitors progress with the Hazard Mitigation Plan via quarterly Area B meetings and conducts annual project reviews. Further, the Planning Group obtains updates from their respective internal city departments (e.g., Planning, Building and Safety, Finance, etc.) on the progress of their mitigation strategy projects as changes occur and/or projects are completed.
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Coordination with Existing Programs
Each city within the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments address statewide planning goals and legislative requirements through their General Plans, Capital Improvement Plans, and Building & Safety Codes. This Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan provides a series of recommendations that are closely related to the goals and objectives of these existing planning programs. Each city may implement the recommended mitigation strategies through existing programs and procedures.
Considering the Needs of the Socially Vulnerable
Social vulnerability is the susceptibility of
social groups to the adverse impacts of
natural hazards, including disproportionate
death, injury, loss, or disruption of
livelihood. As a consequence, enhancing the
risk component of the National Risk Index, a
Social Vulnerability score and rating
represent the relative level of a community’s
social vulnerability compared to all other
communities at the same level.
A community’s Social Vulnerability score
measures its national rank or percentile. A
higher Social Vulnerability score results in a
higher Risk Index score. The overall risk
score for Los Angeles County is “High”.
The cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu
COG considered the needs of the socially
vulnerable when developing this MultiJurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan.
Consequences of the Hazard on the Socially Vulnerable
Each city within the LVMCOG gathered information and evaluated the consequences of a major earthquake on the socially vulnerable in their communities by assessing their local populations in terms of socioeconomic status, household composition and disability, minority status and language, and housing and transportation. Each city within the LVMCOG continually assess the needs of their socially vulnerable populations. The vulnerable includes those with lower economic status, households with special needs (very young, elderly, disabled, and single parents), minorities including those with language barriers, the housing challenged as well as multi-unit, group housing, and mobile home residents, and people with special transportation needs. See Section I Introduction - Considering the Needs of the Social Vulnerable for additional details.
Figure 1: Social Vulnerability Categories
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Major concerns included:
Who are the socially vulnerable in each city? What are the demographics? What needs of the socially vulnerable can be met through hazard mitigation? What programs and/or financial assistance is needed and available? How can the cities more effectively communicate to socially vulnerable residents and others in the area specific targeted assessment and outreach efforts included:
Agoura Hills
The City of Agoura Hills conducted a public outreach meeting which took place on Zoom on 11/1/2023. Further, outreach targeting input on the socially vulnerable was solicited from local community groups and homeowner associations via public announcements, newsletters, and the Community Disaster Preparedness and Risk Survey, which was distributed across all cities. The Agoura Hills Community Services Department targeted elderly residents and those speaking languages other than English. The Public Specific input included concerns involving local transportation routes especially in terms of the evacuation of the elderly and disabled.
Agoura Hills continues to assess and evaluate the vulnerable populations within their city to incorporate their needs into the hazard mitigation plan. For example, younger and elderly residents may have special requirements for medical care, feeding, electrical power, and transportation.
Those speaking languages other than English will require translation services. Lower income and homeless populations may require housing assistance and other services such as food and medical attention. The Agoura Hills Community Profile provides details local area demographics.
Calabasas
The City of Calabasas conducted a public outreach meeting which took place on Zoom on 11/7/2023. Outreach to the local community groups included input received via public meetings, the Community Disaster Preparedness and Risk Survey which was distributed across all cities, and open forums. Residents on fixed income, transitory workers, homeless, and elderly or disabled residents were targeted, routed through Calabasas Community Development and Community Services Departments. For example, the input received included concerns related to the financial burden of a disaster on the socially vulnerable.
The City of Calabasas monitors the needs of its residents including the socially vulnerable. Key areas of concern include older residents that may be on fixed incomes as well as the very young whose families may be impacted by a disaster. Further, transitory workers and those that do not speak English may require additional city resources. Therefore, the city continues to consider and incorporate the needs of the socially vulnerable into its mitigation efforts and response plans.
Hidden Hills
The City of Hidden Hills conducted a public outreach meeting which took place on Zoom on 11/9/2023. The Local residents were asked for their input via newsletters, announcements and social media. Outreach to the vulnerable community included public meetings and the Community Disaster Preparedness and Risk Survey, which was distributed across all cities. Due to the nature of the community, the major area of vulnerability and the target of this outreach included the older population, potential households with disabilities, and those with limited transportation capabilities, in coordination with Hidden Hills Community Association. The City Manager’s office Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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and departments evaluated the impact of a disaster on these vulnerable populations and included their findings in the hazard identification process and mitigation project efforts.
Hidden Hills continues to evaluate its socially vulnerable residents who may require additional assistance to prepare for, mitigate, and respond to disasters. For example, some elderly and disabled residents are dependent on local resources including transportation assistance, electrical services to maintain home medical equipment, housekeeping and long term care,. As a consequence, the city has considered the needs of the socially vulnerable into its mitigation and planning efforts.
Malibu
The City of Malibu conducted a public outreach meeting which took place on Zoom on 10/26/2023. The targeted socially vulnerable population included transitory visitors, elderly population, and lower income residents (including homeless individuals), with assistance from the City of Malibu Community Services, Planning and Public Works Departments. Targeted efforts to obtain input from the socially vulnerable included feedback from local community groups and the socially vulnerable via the Community Disaster Preparedness and Risk Survey, which was distributed across all cities, and the public meeting. Concerns included evacuation routes and financial costs if a disaster occurs with a focus on the particular needs of the socially vulnerable.
Malibu has evaluated its local vulnerable population - including transitory visitors and the homeless who may require temporary shelter, food, and water during an emergency. Additionally, Malibu has considered the needs of its older residents who may also have lower incomes and will require assistance, including homeless individuals. Likewise as the demographics in the areas change, there may be an increase in the number of people that do not speak English as their primary language. As a consequence Malibu continues to incorporate the needs of the socially vulnerable into its mitigation and response plans. The Malibu Community Profile section provides details on local area demographics.
Westlake Village
The City of Westlake Village conducted a public outreach meeting which took place in a hybrid setting at the City Hall and on Zoom on 10/19/2023. The City Manager’s Office as a member of the HMP Planning Group obtained input on the impact of a disaster on the socially vulnerable, including elderly, disabled, and residents speaking a language other than English. Additionally, the city’s Administrative Services and Planning Departments assisted in public outreach efforts to the vulnerable community via the Community Disaster Preparedness and Risk Survey, local homeowner associations, and public meeting. Specific input included a concern regarding older populations and providing services during an emergency.
Westlake Village has considered the needs of the socially vulnerable into its mitigation planning and response efforts. Vulnerable populations within the city include the elderly, disabled, and younger residents. Additionally, as the demographics of the area change, an increase in the number of minority populations and those that do not speak English well has caused Westlake Village to continually adjust its plans. Further, the housing needs of lower income and fixed income residents are considered as well as those that live in mobile homes or near the reservoir.
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Economic Analysis of Mitigation Projects
Determining the economic feasibility of mitigating hazards can provide decision makers with an understanding of the potential benefits and costs of an activity, as well as provide a basis upon which to compare alternative projects. The Federal Emergency Management Agency's approach to identify costs and benefits associated with hazard mitigation strategies or projects falls into two general categories: benefit-cost analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis.
Conducting a benefit-cost analysis for a mitigation activity can assist communities in determining whether a project is worth undertaking now in order to avoid disaster-related damages later. A cost-effectiveness analysis evaluates how best to spend a given amount of money to achieve a specific goal. For the purposes of this HMP, an estimate of the benefit/cost ratio was used to evaluate the relative feasibility of the mitigation projects and strategies outlined in Section 4 Hazard Mitigation Goals and Strategies.
Formal Review Process
As part of this update, the LVMCOG HMP was evaluated to determine the effectiveness of existing mitigation programs and projects as well as consider changes in land development or other changes that may have affected mitigation priorities. The Executive Director of the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG was responsible for contacting Hazard Mitigation LVMCOG Governing Board members and organizing progress reviews. Committee members were then responsible for monitoring and evaluating the progress of the mitigation strategies in the plan.
Continued Public Involvement
The Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments is dedicated to involving the public directly in the continual review and updating of the Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. Copies of the plan were made available via each city’s web site. The existence and location of these copies were publicized on the city websites, social media, and through information bulletins.
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PLAN DESCRIPTION
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
The Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments (LVMCOG) is comprised of the cities of Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu and Westlake Village. The LVMCOG was voluntarily established by its members under a Joint Powers Agreement to provide a vehicle for members to engage in regional and cooperative planning and coordination of government services and responsibilities. The LVMCOG also provides a local area organization for the coordination of regional projects and studies funded by federal, state, and local governments. While disasters cannot be fully prevented, their effects can be reduced through a well-organized public education and awareness effort, preparedness, mitigation, and coordinated response. In 2005, the LVMCOG chose to develop the original Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) in order to coordinate efforts and resources. This update to the HMP is part of the ongoing renewal process.
Why Develop a Mitigation Plan?
The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act provides the basis for federal assistance to state and local governments impacted by a disaster and outlines the requirements for mitigation planning. Hazard Mitigation is considered the first step in preparing for emergencies (rather than placing a reliance on recovery after an event). The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) requires state and local governments to update their hazard mitigation plans every 5 years. The consequences of not having an approved Local Hazard Mitigation Plan can be significant. Without it, cities are ineligible for FEMA mitigation programs including the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program and Flood Mitigation Assistance Program. More importantly, an ongoing mitigation effort is required in order for cities to obtain public assistance funding for repetitive losses (e.g., damaged facilities) following a disaster.
The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000), Section 322 (a-d) requires that local governments maintain mitigation plans that describe the process for identifying hazards, risks and vulnerabilities, identifies and prioritizes mitigation actions, encourages the development of local mitigation, and provides technical support for those efforts as a condition of receiving federal disaster mitigation funds. This Hazard Mitigation Plan serves to meet these requirements.
Furthermore, on Oct. 5, 2018 the Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018 was passed into law as part of the Federal Aviation Administration Reauthorization Act of 2018. These reforms acknowledge the shared responsibility for disaster response and recovery, aim to reduce the complexity of FEMA, and build the nation’s capacity for the next catastrophic event. The law contains 56 distinct provisions that require FEMA policy or regulation changes for full implementation, as they amend the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act.
Provision Number Description
1204-1209 Authorizes FEMA to provide hazard mitigation grant funding in areas that receive Fire Management Assistance Grants as a result of wildfire. 1210(a)-1219 Authorizes the President to waive certain duplication of benefits if waiver is in the public interest and will not result in waste, fraud, or abuse. 1220-1229 Requires FEMA to study the inter-agency expedited environmental and historical review process and provide a report to Congress.
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Provision Number Description
1230-1239 Requires FEMA to provide technical assistance “to a common interest community that provides essential services of a governmental nature” on how they may be eligible for Public Assistance in certain circumstances. 1240-1246 Requires FEMA to provide a regular report to Congress on the times and estimated amounts in which self-insurance amounts were insufficient to address flood damages.
This Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan assists the LVMCOG in reducing risk from hazards by identifying resources, information, and strategies for risk reduction, while helping to guide and coordinate mitigation activities throughout the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region. Mitigation strategies for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment are outlined and are based on existing authorities, policies, programs, resources, and the ability to expand on and improve these existing tools. In summary, the information and mitigation strategies within the Hazard Mitigation Plan:
Establish a basis for coordination and collaboration between departments and the public in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Region
Identify and prioritize future mitigation projects
Assist in meeting the requirements of federal assistance programs Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Whom Does the Mitigation Plan Affect?
This Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan affects the entire Region and provides a framework for pre-emptive planning for hazards. The resources and background information in the plan are applicable area-wide, and the goals and recommendations lay the groundwork for mitigation plans and partnerships for neighboring communities.
How is the Plan Used?
Each section of the Hazard Mitigation Plan provides information and resources to assist in understanding the region and the hazard-related issues facing citizens, businesses, and the environment. The sections of the HMP combine to create a document that guides the mission to reduce risk and prevent loss from future hazard events.
Plan Update Process
The update of this plan was a collaborative effort. The process was facilitated across multiple departments along with a consulting agency, MLC & Associates. The Planning Group was composed of representatives from each city within the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments in order to facilitate the plan update process, provide feedback, and review the plan.
Various departments within the cities assisted in updating the plan. Information resources included but were not limited to: General Plans, Master Plans, SEMS Plans, reports and studies, hazard maps, and public process documentation. Participating departments included:
Building & Safety
City Manager
Community Development
Emergency Preparedness
Planning
Public Works
Recreation & Parks
LA County Fire Department
LA County Sheriff’s Department
The workflow below depicts the basic process of updating the plan. The HMP update process timeline started with a project kick-off meeting on June 1, 2023 and ended on November 30, 2023.
Additionally, the LVMCOG governing board and planning group will begin a similar update process discussed in this section 3 years into the current plan. The incumbent Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Executive Director will oversee the plan update process.
Figure 2: HMP Update Process Workflow
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Plan Integration
Internal Input
The Planning Group was composed of representatives from cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments and was established in order to facilitate the update to the plan, provide feedback, guidance, and approval.
The Planning Group, city staff and various other stakeholders were involved in updating the plan.
This process involved meetings, discussion and individual reviews and input. The planning process included:
Planning sessions with LVMCOG representatives
Interviews with city Emergency Management and Disaster Preparedness personnel Reviews of historical disaster events in the local area Changes in current and future development that have increased or decreased each community’s vulnerability
A review of activities related to hazard mitigation from existing programs and city’s General Plans, Capital Improvement Projects, and Development Projects External Input
Existing mitigation plans, programs and activities from neighboring communities and from around the country were reviewed as well as current FEMA hazard mitigation planning standards and the State of California Hazard Mitigation Plan Guidance document. In addition, geographic area and hazard specific data were generated to develop scenario-based hazard maps. These resources were valuable in updating the LVMCOG Hazard Mitigation Plan (see Annex A Resources for source information).
Information from the sources noted above was evaluated and (when applicable) incorporated into the plan. In addition, the information gathered served as a basis for the strategy sessions that were conducted to document ongoing and future mitigation activities.
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OVERALL CHANGES IN PRIORITY
Agoura Hills
For Agoura Hills, the priority of overall mitigation actions for specific hazards has remained unchanged since the 2018 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP). This is because there has been no emergence of new hazards or risks that were not previously present in the city.
Although Pandemic was included as a potential hazard in the updated plan, it does not alter the priority of overall mitigation actions identified by the city.
Calabasas
For Calabasas, the priority of overall mitigation actions for specific hazards has remained unchanged since the 2018 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP). This is because there has been no emergence of new hazards or risks that were not previously present in the city.
Although Pandemic was included as a potential hazard in the updated plan, it does not alter the priority of overall mitigation actions identified by the city.
Hidden Hills
For Hidden Hills, the priority of overall mitigation actions for specific hazards has remained unchanged since the 2018 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP). This is because there has been no emergence of new hazards or risks that were not previously present in the city.
Although Pandemic was included as a potential hazard in the updated plan, it does not alter the priority of overall mitigation actions identified by the city.
Malibu
For Malibu, the priority of overall mitigation actions for specific hazards has remained unchanged since the 2018 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP). This is because there has been no emergence of new hazards or risks that were not previously present in the city. Although Pandemic was included as a potential hazard in the updated plan, it does not alter the priority of overall mitigation actions identified by the city.
Westlake Village
For Westlake Village, the priority of overall mitigation actions for specific hazards has remained unchanged since the 2018 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP). This is because there has been no emergence of new hazards or risks that were not previously present in the city.
Although Pandemic was included as a potential hazard in the updated plan, it does not alter the priority of overall mitigation actions identified by the city.
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REQUIREMENTS FOR MITIGATION PLANS
Federal and State Requirements
The following Federal requirements must be met for approval of a Hazard Mitigation Plan:
Open public involvement, with public meetings that introduce the process and project requirements
The public must be afforded opportunities for involvement in: identifying and assessing risk, drafting a plan, and public involvement in approval stages of the plan Community cooperation, with opportunity for other local government agencies, the business community, educational institutions, and non-profits to participate in the process Incorporation of local documents, including General Plans, Zoning Ordinances, Building Codes, and other pertinent city and regional documents
The following components must be part of the planning process:
Complete documentation of the planning process
A detailed risk assessment on hazard exposures in the community A comprehensive mitigation strategy, which describes the goals & objectives, including proposed strategies, programs & actions to avoid long-term vulnerabilities A plan maintenance process, which describes the method and schedule of monitoring, evaluating and updating the plan and integration of the All Hazard Mitigation Plan into other planning mechanisms
Plan Review by Cal OES and FEMA
Formal adoption by each City Council
Public and Community Process
Public participation is a key component of strategic planning processes. Citizen participation offers stakeholders in the community the opportunity for inclusion of their interests and concerns into the process. The Federal Emergency Management Agency requires public input during the development of local hazard mitigation plans.
During the HMP development and update process, the public was invited to participate.
Information was provided on city websites, newsletters, cable television stations, and the local newspapers. Examples are provided in Annex E Planning and Public Involvement.
Furthermore, the public and community are continually encouraged to participate in the disaster preparation, mitigation planning, and HMP update process via ongoing public awareness campaigns, workshops, CERT programs, surveys, and other community forums (see Section 4 Hazard Mitigation Goals and Strategies and Section 5 Plan Maintenance and Monitoring for additional details).
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HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN ORGANIZATION
The Hazard Mitigation Plan is organized as follows:
PART I: OVERVIEW AND MITIGATION STRATEGY ACTION PLAN
Section 1: Introduction
The Introduction provides an overview of the Hazard Mitigation Plan Mission, Goals, and Strategies. In addition, this section outlines the process used to develop the goals and strategies that cut across the nine hazards addressed in the Hazard Mitigation Plan. Finally, this section describes the background and purpose of developing the Hazard Mitigation Plan and the planning process.
Section 2: Community Profile
The Community Profile section presents the history, geography, demographics, and socioeconomics of Las Virgenes-Malibu Region. It serves as a tool to provide a historical perspective of hazards in the area, potential impacts, and identifies at risk populations.
Section 3: Risk Assessment
The Risk Assessment section provides information on hazard identification, vulnerability, and risk associated with hazards in Las Virgenes-Malibu Region.
Section 4: Multi-Hazard Goals and Strategies
The Multi-Hazard Goals and Strategies section describes the mitigation strategies developed for the HMP. The strategies address multi-hazard issues, as well as hazard-specific activities that can be implemented to reduce risk and prevent loss from future events.
Section 5: Plan Maintenance and Monitoring
The Plan Maintenance section provides information on plan implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
PART II: HAZARD SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Part II provides hazard specific Information on the nine hazards addressed in the HMP. Continuing hazards occur on an ongoing and/or seasonal basis and may be predicted through historic evidence and scientific methods. Each of the hazard-specific sections includes information on the history, hazard causes and characteristics, hazard assessment, mitigation goals and strategies. Continuing hazards addressed in the plan include:
Section 6: Earthquake
Section 7: Wildfire
Section 8: Climate Change
Section 9: Energy Disruption
Section 10: Landslide, Debris Flow, and Mudslide
Section 11: Windstorm
Section 12: Flood
Section 13: Tsunami
Section 14: Severe Winter Storm
Section 15: Pandemic
Section 16: Terrorism and Mass Violence
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PART III: ANNEXES
The Annexes includes references to the information used to gather data and conduct analytical research to assemble the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG Hazard Mitigation Plan. The Resources section also includes a description of the tools used to develop the plan as well as documentation of the meetings, discussions and events that were involved in the planning process.
Annex A: Resources
This section provides a list of resources for Regional, County, State, and Federal agencies and organizations that may be referenced directly and indirectly within the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG Hazard Mitigation Plan.
Annex B: Meeting Agendas and Attendees
This section provides key meeting agendas related to mitigation planning and the 2018 MultiJurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan update.
Annex C: Community Disaster Preparedness and Risk Survey This section includes the survey by which community members rated their preparedness for disasters and risk ratings of the identified hazards.
Annex D: Planning Group Hazard Rating Survey
This survey was provided to the Planning Group to rate the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG Region hazards.
Annex E: Planning and Public Involvement
This section provides a description of public involvement activities including meetings and other public outreach efforts related to the Hazards Mitigation Plan update.
Annex F: Flood Insurance Rate Maps
This section provides Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) for selected areas within the LVMCOG area. These maps depict areas subject to flooding and are used for planning purposes.
Annex G: Malibu Flood Mitigation Plan
This section includes the Hazard Mitigation Plan prepared for the City of Malibu in May of 2001 (and still in use) by David Evens and Associates.
Annex H: Plan Approval Documentation
This section provides a copy of Plan Approval documents related to the Las Virgenes- Malibu COG Hazard Mitigation Plan.
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SECTION 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE
INTRODUCTION
Hazards impact the region’s citizens, property, environment, and economy. In addition to the potential loss of life and property, residents and businesses are subject to the financial and emotional costs of recovering from disasters.
Identifying population groups and the risks posed by hazards provides the basis for implementing strategies to reduce potential impacts; thereby protecting the lives and property of citizens and communities. The result is the development and implementation of strategies, coordination of resources, and increased public awareness that will reduce risk and prevent loss from future hazard events.
This section of the Hazard Mitigation Plan provides an overview of the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments (LVMCOG) region as well as the individual cities that comprise the LVMCOG. City specific profiles contained within this section provide brief summaries of the vulnerable populations, structures, and economic base of each community.
POPULATION
According to 2022 Census data, the population of the five cities in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments region totaled 61,721. Within the region, Calabasas represents the largest population closely followed by Agoura Hills. Over the past 5 years, Los Angeles County has seen a decline (-4.4%) in population. Consequently, within the LVMCOG region, there has been a decrease (-9.4%) in population through the period from 2017 to 2022. The population levels of individual cities within the area also declined since 2017. Due to terrain restrictions, designated parks and reserves, and local planning/zoning requirements, local populations are centered along the Ventura 101 Freeway and Pacific Coast Highway (see Population Density Map on the following page).
Las Virgenes-Malibu Population Data
Location 2022 Estimated
Population
% of Los Angeles
County
2017
Population
% Change from
2017 to 2022
Agoura Hills 19,464 0.20% 20,692 -5.9%
Calabasas 22,491 0.23% 24,202 -7.1%
Hidden Hills 1,702 0.02% 1,921 -11.4%
Malibu 10,370 0.11% 12,877 -19.5%
Westlake Village 7,694 0.08% 8,440 -8.8%
LVMCOG 61,721 0.63% 68,132 -9.4%
Los Angeles County 9,721,138 100.00% 10,163,507 -4.4%
Table 2: Las Virgenes-Malibu 2022 Estimated Population Data Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Figure 3: LVMCOG Population Distribution by City
Map 4: Population Density
Agoura Hills
31.54%
Calabasas
36.44%
Hidden Hills
2.76%
Malibu
16.80%
Westlake
Village
12.47%
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
Distribution of Population by City
Total = 61,721
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau
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GEOGRAPHY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
The Las Virgenes-Malibu region is comprised of approximately 129.62 square miles (Source: Los Angeles Almanac). The area is partially urbanized and includes populated areas and business centers (particularly along major transportation routes). Nevertheless, large portions of the area are undeveloped wild land. In addition, the region is home to the Santa Monica National Recreation Area (154,095 acres) and Malibu Creek State Park which is comprised of: Liberty Canyon (730 acres), Udell Gorge (300 acres), and Kaslow Preserve (1,920 acres).
The geography includes mountainous terrain as well as small rivers and seasonal waterways (depending on rainfall). The climate is Mediterranean characterized by warm to hot, dry summers and mild to cool, wet winters. Summer temperatures in the cities of Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills and Westlake Village can reach into the high 90’s. Malibu lies along the Pacific coast and is bordered to its north by the Santa Monica Mountains. As a result, average temperatures in Malibu are approximately 10 degrees cooler in the summer than the other cities within the LVMCOG (see CLIMATE section for additional details).
Map 5: Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Region Map The region’s transportation system consists of a grid of local streets, arterials, and other lesser thoroughfares. Regional access to Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, and Westlake Village area is provided primarily through the Ventura Freeway (US Highway 101). Access to Malibu is primarily via Pacific Coast Highway (California State Route 1 aka Highway 1) and through local roads that provide connector routes to the inland cities of the LVMCOG. Connector routes include Las Virgenes Road/Malibu Canyon Road, Topanga Canyon Boulevard (SR 27), Decker Canyon Road (SR 23), Mulholland Highway, Latigo Canyon Road, and Kanan Dume Road. These roads traverse the mountains and designated wilderness areas such as Malibu Creek State Park, Topanga State Park, and the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area.
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CLIMATE
Temperature
The Las Virgenes-Malibu region is characterized by warm to hot dry summers and mild to cool wet winters typical of a Mediterranean climate.
Figure 4: Average Temperature by Month (2022)
The average high in the summer is
typically in the low to mid 90’s. Average
lows in the winter months range from the
high 40’s to low 50 degrees Fahrenheit.
August tends to be the hottest month and
December tends to be the coldest month.
However, it should be noted that
temperatures can vary over a wide range.
For example, Santa Ana winds typically
occur in late fall and early winter. The
Santa Ana winds are characterized by
strong dry offshore winds originating
from the Great Basin and Upper Mojave
Desert.
Wind temperatures can range from
extremely hot to cold. Damage can
occur directly from the high wind speeds
generated or from the secondary effects
of very low humidity – which increases
the threat of wildfires.
Figure 5: Santa Ana Winds (Feb 2002)
SOURCE: NASA/JPL-Caltech)
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Rainfall
Rainfall in the LVMCOG region averaged nearly 6 inches in 2022. However, the term “average rainfall” is misleading because over the recorded history of rainfall in the region, rainfall amounts have ranged from no rain at all in some years to well over normal averages in very wet years.
Furthermore, actual rainfall in Southern California tends to fall in large amounts during sporadic and often heavy storms rather than in consistent amounts throughout the year.
Figure 6: Average Rainfall by Month (2022)
El Niño and La Niña
Periodically, Southern California and the LVMCOG region are subject to the effects of El Niño or La Niña conditions:
El Niño is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific resulting in increased rainfall in the southern tier of the U.S. El Niño conditions can result in flooding, mudslides, and traffic disruptions in the LVMCOG region.
La Niña is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific resulting in decreased rainfall in the southern tier of the U.S. La Niña conditions can result in drought and increased danger from wildfires.
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LAW ENFORCEMENT AND FIRE RESOURCES
The Las Virgenes-Malibu COG region is part of Los Angeles County. The five cities contract for essential services such as law enforcement with the Los Angeles County Sheriff and fire resources through the Consolidated Fire Protection District of Los Angeles County.
Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department
The cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG individually contract their law enforcement services with the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department. The Malibu/Lost Hills Station provides immediate access and is located at 27050 Agoura Road, Calabasas, CA 91301. This station serves the western portion of Los Angeles County, which is a blend of semi-urban, residential, and rural areas, encompassing both mountain and beach topographies.
The cities served by the Malibu/Lost
Hills Station include Agoura Hills,
Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, and
Westlake Village as well as the
unincorporated communities1 of
Chatsworth Lake Manor, Malibu
Lake, Topanga, and West Hills. The
station’s jurisdiction is sectioned into
27 areas.
LASD personnel that serve the
Malibu region are stationed at the
Malibu Substation located at 23555
Civic Center Way, Malibu, CA
90265. While the substation is equipped with an EOC, in most emergency situations, emergency operations will operate out of the Lost Hills Station.
Map 6: LASD Malibu/Lost Hills Station Location
1 Information obtained from the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department Figure 7: Malibu/Lost Hills Sheriff Web Page
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The Malibu/Lost Hills Station has comprehensive Fire, Flood and Earthquake Operation Plans.
The plans identify evacuation shelters, secondary evacuation shelters, command post sites, multipurpose staging areas, and alternate traffics routes. In addition, the Malibu/Lost Hills Station has implemented a process for prioritizing critical facilities assessments. This process ranks locations in the following order:
1. “A” priorities must be checked immediately
2. “B” priorities must be checked immediately if children are present, otherwise as time permits
3. “C” priorities must be checked as time permits
Critical facilities identified by the Malibu/Lost Hills Station are noted in Section 3.
Los Angeles County Fire Department
Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu and Westlake Village are served by the Los Angeles County Fire Department. The Las Virgenes-Malibu COG is located in Division VII – Central Region of the Los Angeles County Fire Department’s Regional Plan Divisions. Battalions 1 and 5 of the Los Angeles County Fire Department are assigned to directly serve the Las VirgenesMalibu region. Battalion 5 is the main division since its stations are located within the region itself. The Local LA County Fire Department Division Headquarters are located at 3970 Carbon Canyon Rd., Malibu 90265.
BATTALION 5
Fire Station #65 4206 N Cornell Rd, Agoura, 91301
Fire Station #67 25801 Piuma Rd, Calabasas, 91302
Fire Station #68 24130 Calabasas Rd, Calabasas, 91302
Fire Station #69 401 S Topanga Cyn Blvd, Topanga, 90290 Fire Station #70 - Headquarters 3970 Carbon Cyn Rd, Malibu, 90265 Fire Station #71 28722 W Pacific Coast Hwy, Malibu, 90265 Fire Station #72 1832 Decker Canyon Rd, Malibu, 90265
Fire Station #88 23720 W Malibu Rd, Malibu, 90265
Fire Station #89 29575 Canwood St., Agoura Hills, 91301 Fire Station #99 32550 Pacific Coast Hwy, Malibu, 90265 Fire Station #125 5215 Las Virgenes Rd, Calabasas, 91302 Fire Station #144 31981 Foxfield Dr, Westlake Village, 91361 Table 3: LVMCOG Los Angeles County Fire Stations
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Fire Station #89
The Los Angeles County Fire Department’s first fire station in Agoura Hills, Fire Station 89, opened in June of 2006. This fire station was a joint venture between the County of Los Angeles and the City of Agoura Hills and is an example of interagency efforts working for better emergency management.
Fire Station 89 is located on a 3-acre lot at 29575 Canwood Street, a quarter mile west of Kanan Road. The state of the art 12,000 sq. ft. building houses one engine company, a paramedic squad, Battalion Chief’s office, training facilities and dormitory quarters for 10 fire and emergency personnel. The cost of this new fire station was approximately $4 million and was paid for through developer fees. The new fire station improves coverage and response times for not only Agoura Hills, but also the entire Las Virgenes-Malibu Region.
Figure 8: Los Angeles County Fire Station #89 Web Page
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MULTI-REGIONAL COLLABORATION
Calabasas Community Center
The cities in the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG often combine resources and work together to create more productive communities. One such example was the joint venture of the cities of Calabasas and Agoura Hills to build the Calabasas Community Center. This is a state-of-the-art recreational facility that offers a variety of recreational, social, cultural, and educational programs and activities to meet the needs of the surrounding communities. This endeavor is a prime example of how communities can come together in order to offer residents a more livable community.
Furthermore, in the event of an emergency, facilities such as the Calabasas Community Center are valuable resources that can be used to support the local population.
Note: As of October 2023, this facility is temporarily closed for remodeling and is expected to re-open early 2024.
The facility will re-open with all new fitness programs, enrichment classes, facility rentals, special events, and additional facility improvements / renovations.
Figure 9: Calabasas Community Center Web Page
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Community Emergency Response Training
The cities in the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG make available Community Emergency Response Training (CERT) programs to their residents as well as residents of neighboring communities.
This CERT effort facilitates the concept of joint cooperation to create safer communities.
Alert LA County
The cities in the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG participate in the Los Angeles County Office of Emergency Management (OEM) Alert LA County program. Alert LA County is a free mass notification system for Los Angeles County residents and businesses. The Sheriff’s Department uses Alert LA County to contact local residents and businesses if there is an emergency or disaster in a community. The system sends shelter-in-place instructions, evacuation, and other emergency messages. It has accessibility features for people with disabilities and others with access and functional needs as well as preferred language for notifications.
OARRS
The cities in the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG participate in the Los Angeles County Office of Emergency Management (OEM) Operational Area Response and Recovery System (OARRS) which is designed to provide:
Remote system access in the Operational Area;
Interface with the State of California's Response Information Management System; Interface with the County's Enterprise Geographic Information System; Facilitation of emergency response activities, multi-jurisdictional and multidisciplinary response and recovery coordination, and information flow; Support for multi-disciplinary and multi-jurisdiction plans and exercises; System of communication and information management that links County departments, cities, schools, and special districts;
Custom reporting; and
Secure emergency information and data sharing.
DETAILS BY CITY
The remainder of this section provides detailed descriptions of each of the five cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments. The information included outlines each city and provides a basic history, location, climate and topographical information, demographics, social makeup, employment figures, major employers, and housing data. An understanding of each of these categories is important for addressing the needs of the local community.
Cities are displayed in alphabetical order.
Agoura Hills
Calabasas
Hidden Hills
Malibu
Westlake Village
Figure 10: Alert LA County Program
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AGOURA HILLS
Agoura Hills is located in the foothills of the Santa
Monica Mountains on the western edge of Los Angeles
County in the Conejo Valley. Agoura Hills
encompasses 7.79 square miles and straddles the
Ventura Freeway approximately 36 miles west of
downtown Los Angeles. In the 1950’s the availability
of a reliable water supply caused the area to transform from a semi-rural ranching community to greater
residential and commercial development.
Today, Agoura Hills is characterized by rolling hills and a blend of semi-rural and suburban development. The total population of Agoura Hills is comprised of approximately 20,362 people (2021 U.S. American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate).
Source: Google Maps
Figure 11: City of Agoura Hills Aerial View
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Agoura Hills is located in the eastern Conejo Valley between the Simi Hills to the north and the Santa Monica Mountains to the south. The City ranges in altitude from 936 feet to 2,036 feet above sea level.
General Coordinates
Latitude 34°8’42’’North
Longitude 118°46’40’’West
Source: 2016 SCAG City Boundary Data
Map 7: City of Agoura Hills Location Map
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Brief History
The area around what is today the City of Agoura Hills was a popular resting place along the Camino Real, the original road connecting the Spanish missions from San Diego to San Francisco.
Ranching was the area’s dominant industry from the arrival of the Spanish in the late 18th century until the early 20th century.
In the 1920’s Paramount Studios purchased a
portion of the Rancho Las Virgenes, just south
of what is now the City of Agoura Hills and
established a film studio. In the late 1920’s a
group of residents asked to have a permanent
post office established in the area, and the
name “Agoura” was given.
Growth and development was slow due in part
to a lack of a significant water source. In the
late 1950’s, the Las Virgenes Municipal Water
District was established, and reliable water
sources made the Agoura area more attractive
for families and businesses. Concurrently with the availability of water, further growth occurred when the local highway became part of the Ventura Freeway.
During the late 1960’s and the 1970’s, expansion continued as large housing tracts and shopping areas, as well as schools, developed. In 1982, residents voted in favor of cityhood, and on December 8, 1982 Agoura Hills became the 83rd city in Los Angeles County.
Figure 13: City of Agoura Hills Local Area Views
Figure 12: Reyes Adobe
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Climate /Topography
The climate in Agoura Hills is characterized by mild winters with average temperatures in 2022 ranging from the high 40’s to the high 60’s, and warm summers with average temperatures ranging from the low 60’s to the mid 90’s. Rainfall in 2022 was approximately 6 inches, with the greatest portion of precipitation occurring in the winter months.
Category Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average
Temperature (°F) 59.6 60.3 62.6 64.4 66.7 76.4 77.1 81.6 79.8 70.7 59.4 55 Min Average
Temperature (°F) 52.6 52.3 52.8 52.9 53.5 61.3 62 67.7 67.6 59.4 51.9 49.1 Max Average
Temperature (°F) 66.5 68.2 72.5 75.8 79.8 91.5 92.1 95.5 92 82 67 61 Average Rainfall
(inches) 0.25 0 1.07 0.34 0 0 0 0 0.16 0 1.45 2.98
Source: Weather.gov (NOAA)
Table 4: City of Agoura Hills Average Monthly Temperatures and Rainfall (2022) Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Economic Activity
Economic activity is one indicator of the potential losses that may be incurred in the event of a disaster. The following tables list the principal employers, property tax payers, and taxable sales in Agoura Hills.
Agoura Hills Principal Employers
Company Industry Employees Percent of Total City
Employment
Las Virgenes Unified School District* Government 524 4.72% National Veterinary Associates, Inc Veterinary 347 3.13% Westlake Financial Services Banking 320 2.88%
Private National Mortgage Acceptance Banking 309 2.78%
Teradyne Inc Manufacturing 210 1.89%
Motor Vehicle Software Corp Technology 170 1.53%
Joni and Friends Non-Profit 163 1.47%
Curinos LLC Information 150 1.35%
Cydcor LLC Administrative 141 1.27%
Wood Ranch Restaurant 133 1.20%
Top 10 Total 2,467 22.23%
Total City of Agoura Hills Employment 11,100 100.00%
Source: Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the City of Agoura Hills, Fiscal Year Ended June 2022 *Employee count is based on Agoura Hills school sites only Table 5: City of Agoura Hills Principal Employers
Agoura Hills Principal Property Tax Payers
Company Taxable Assessed
Value
Percent of Total City
Assessed Value
Tishman Speyer Archstone Smith $133,134,314 2.31%
Lexington Agoura Hills LLC 59,038,283 1.02%
Kids from the Valley V LLC 55,636,335 0.96%
Khanna Enterprises LP 47,308,329 0.82%
FW CA Twin Oaks Shopping Center 34,106,081 0.59%
ARHC MAGHCA01 LLC 33,509,582 0.58%
Whizin Market Square LLC 32,581,045 0.56%
Hankey Investment Company LP 29,972,457 0.52%
Best Agoura Design Center LLC 26,056,527 0.45%
Apple Seven Hospitality 25,609,729 0.44%
Top 10 Total $476,952,682 8.26%
Total Property Tax Assessed Value $5,774,285,394 100%
Source: Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the City of Agoura Hills, Fiscal Year Ended June 2022 Table 6: City of Agoura Hills Principal Property Tax Payers Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Agoura Hills Taxable Sales (2021)
Category Taxable Sales
(in thousands) Percent of Total
Autos and Transportation $364 8.80%
Building and Construction 252 6.09%
Business and Industry 586 14.16%
Food and Drugs 277 6.69%
Fuel and Service Stations 842 20.35%
General Consumer Goods* 1,034 24.99%
Restaurants and Hotels 783 18.92%
Total $4,138 100.00%
Source: Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the City of Agoura Hills, Fiscal Year Ended June 2022 *General Consumer Goods includes other taxable sales
Table 7: City of Agoura Hills Taxable Sales
Figure 14: City of Agoura Hills Taxable Sales Percentage by Category Autos and
Transportation
8.80%
Building and
Construction
6.09%
Business and
Industry
14.16%
Food and Drugs
6.69%
Fuel and Service
Stations
20.35%
General Consumer
Goods
24.99%
Restaurants and
Hotels
18.92%
City of Agoura Hills Taxable Sales
2021
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Agoura Hills Economy
The table below provides a breakdown of revenue channels for the City of Agoura Hills in 2017.
These categories include Accommodation and Food Services, Health Care and Social Assistance, Transportation and Warehousing, and Retail Sales. The total revenues accrued by the city amounted to approximately $621.02 Million, which included Total Retail Sales per capita of $17,625.
Category Value
(in thousands) Percent
Total Accommodation and Food Services Sales $87,807 14.14% Total Health Care and Social Assistance Receipts/Revenue $163,460 26.32% Total Transportation and Warehousing Receipts/Revenue $8,934 1.44% Total Retail Sales $360,799 58.10%
Total $621,000 100.00%
Source U.S. Census Bureau 2017 Economic Census of the U.S.
Table 8: City of Agoura Hills Economy
Figure 15: City of Agoura Hills Economy by Sector
Total
Accommodation and
Food Services Sales
14.14%
Total Health Care
and Social
Assistance
Receipts/Revenue
26.32%
Total Transportation
and Warehousing
Receipts/Revenue
1.44%
Total Retail Sales
58.10%
City of Agoura Hills Economy by Sector
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Population and Demographics
The following tables summarize the population and demographic groups at risk from a disaster in Agoura Hills.
Sex and Age Distribution
Demographic Estimates - 2021
Figure 16: City of Agoura Hills Female to Male
Distribution
The average age of residents in Agoura
Hills is 44.8 with males (51.0%) slightly
outnumbering females (49.0%). Mitigation
planning must consider the unique needs of
population groups, for example those under
15 years of age and those over 65 years of
age.
Sex and Age Estimate Percent
Total Population 20,362 100.0%
Male 10,327 51.0%
Female 10,035 49.0%
Under 5 years 618 3.00%
5 to 9 years 1,038 5.10%
10 to 14 years 1,745 8.60%
15 to 19 years 1,516 7.40%
20 to 24 years 1,131 5.60%
25 to 29 years 639 3.10%
30 to 34 years 1,136 5.60%
35 to 39 years 1,128 5.50%
40 to 44 years 1,341 6.60%
45 to 49 years 1,352 6.60%
50 to 54 years 1,743 8.60%
55 to 59 years 2,011 9.90%
60 to 64 years 1,800 8.80%
65 to 69 years 973 4.80%
70 to 74 years 1,057 5.20%
75 to 79 years 431 2.10%
80 to 84 years 200 1.00%
85 years and over 503 2.50%
Median age (years) 44.8
Source: US Census Bureau American Community Survey 2021 5-Year Estimate Table 9: City of Agoura Hills Sex and Age Demographics
Figure 17: City of Agoura Hills Age Distribution
18 years and
over
41%
21 years and
over
40%
62 years and
over
11%
65 years and
over
8%
City of Agoura Hills
Age Distribution
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Race and Language Composition
Race
One aspect of mitigation planning is the need to address the cultural and language (communications) needs of local populations. This includes the ability to distribute information and provide notification in the event of a regional emergency. For Agoura Hills, an estimated
18.6% of the population speaks languages other than English (including English and another language or non-English only) with 1.39% speaking English “less than well or not at all”. These language and communication challenges may pose additional difficulties for socially vulnerable groups during a disaster.
Race 2021 Estimated
Population
Percent of
Total
Total Population 20,362 100.00%
White alone(a) 14,742 72.40%
Black or African American alone(a) 307 1.50%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone(a) 0 0.00%
Asian alone(a) 1,362 6.70%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone(a) 32 0.20% Hispanic or Latino(b) 2,944 14.50%
Two or More Races 764 3.80%
Some Other Race alone 211 1.00%
Source: US Census Bureau American Community Survey 2021 5-Year Estimate (a) Includes persons reporting only one race
(b) Hispanics may be of any race, so also are included in applicable race categories Table 10: City of Agoura Hills Race Composition
White alone
72.40%
Black or African
American alone
1.51%
Asian alone
6.69%
Native Hawaiian
and Other Pacific
Islander alone
0.16%
Hispanic or Latino
(of any race)
14.46%
Two or more races
3.75%
Some other race
alone
1.04%
American Indian
and Alaska Native
alone
0.00%
City of Agoura Hills
Race Composition
Figure 18: City of Agoura Hills Race Composition
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Language Spoken at Home
Language 2021 Estimated
Population
Percent of
Total
Speaks only English 15,949 80.80%
Language other than English spoken at home, percent of
persons age 5 years+, 2017-2021 3,795 19.20%
Speak a Language Other than English 2021 Estimated
Population
Percent of
Total
Spanish 922 4.7%
5 to 17 years old 48 0.2%
18 to 64 years old 704 3.6%
65 years old and over 170 0.9%
Other Indo-European languages 1,379 7.0%
5 to 17 years old 197 1.0%
18 to 64 years old 1,006 5.1%
65 years old and over 176 0.9%
Asian and Pacific Island languages 768 3.9%
5 to 17 years old 94 0.5%
18 to 64 years old 547 2.8%
65 years old and over 127 0.6%
Other languages 726 3.7%
5 to 17 years old 132 0.7%
18 to 64 years old 566 2.9%
65 years old and over 28 0.1%
Source: US Census Bureau American Community Survey 2021 5-Year Estimates Table 11: City of Agoura Hills Languages Spoken at Home Figure 19: City of Agoura Hills Language Spoken at Home Speak only English
80.78%
Spanish
Other Indo - 4.67%
European
languages
6.98%
Asian and Pacific
Island languages
3.89%
Other
languages
3.68%
City of Agoura Hills
Languages Spoken at Home
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Income Distribution
Household income is a factor for mitigation
planning since population groups in lower
income ranges are less able to cope with the
impact of disasters.
Furthermore, the availability of household
funds can have a direct impact on the level of
individual and family hazard mitigation
activities and emergency preparedness.
In Agoura Hills, while the mean household
income is $194,167, there are a limited number
of households with incomes less than $25,000,
near the 2023 U.S. poverty level of $24,860 for
a family of three as defined by the 2023 HHS
Poverty Guidelines, by the U.S. Department of
Health & Human Services.
*
Income and Benefits (in 2021 Inflation-Adjusted
Dollars)
Estimate Percent
Total Households 7,314 100.00%
Less than $10,000 197 2.70%
$10,000 to $14,999 37 0.50%
$15,000 to $24,999 205 2.80%
$25,000 to $34,999 205 2.80%
$35,000 to $49,999 453 6.20%
$50,000 to $74,999 592 8.10%
$75,000 to $99,999 731 10.00%
$100,000 to $149,999 1463 20.00%
$150,000 to $199,999 797 10.90%
$200,000 or more 2633 36.00%
Median household
income $141,099 (X)
Mean household income $194,167 (X)
Source: US Census Bureau American Community Survey 2021 5- Year Estimates
Table 12: City of Agoura Hills Income and Benefits (2021 Inflation Adjusted Dollars)
* Note: The households with minimal incomes may also be attributable to retirees and others that have other sources of funds not reportable as income.
Figure 20: City of Agoura Hills Income Distribution
197
37 205 205
453
592
731
1463
797
2633
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Less than
$10,000
$10,000 to
$14,999
$15,000 to
$24,999
$25,000 to
$34,999
$35,000 to
$49,999
$50,000 to
$74,999
$75,000 to
$99,999
$100,000 to
$149,999
$150,000 to
$199,999
$200,000 or
more
City of Agoura Hills
Number of Households by Income Distribution
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Land Use
Basic land use patterns are well established in the City of Agoura Hills. Residential neighborhoods are fully developed and there are limited opportunities for infill development remaining. Agoura Hills also contains a number of commercial zones. The city’s main shopping areas are listed below:
Agoura City Mall
Agoura Hills Commercial Center
Agoura Hills Town Center
Agoura Meadows Shopping Center
Kanan Plaza
Reyes Adobe Plaza
Roadside Plaza
Twin Oaks Shopping Center
Whizin Market Square+
Regional access to Agoura Hills is provided by U.S. Highway 101, which runs east/west through the center of Agoura Hills dividing the town in half. Local access within the City is provided primarily by Kanan Road and Reyes Adobe Road in the north/south directions; Agoura Road and Thousand Oaks Boulevard in the east/west directions. City owned streets run 64 miles.
Housing Characteristics
The following housing statistics provide a summary of the numbers and types of housing units that are at risk if a disaster were to occur in Agoura Hills. Housing data includes: Housing Occupancy, Changes from 2017 to 2021, Number of Structures Built by Year, Home Values, and Home Value Distribution. In Agoura Hills there has been a significant increase in the number of 1 unitdetached, as well as larger units (10 to 19 units) since 2017.
Housing Occupancy 2021 Estimate Percent
Total Housing Units 7,799 100.0%
Occupied housing units 7,314 93.78%
Vacant housing units 485 6.22%
Source: US Census Bureau American Community Survey 2021 5-Year Estimates Table 13: City of Agoura Hills Housing Occupancy
Units In Structure 2021 2017 Change
Estimated
Number
Percent
of Units
Estimated
Number
Percent of
Units
Difference
2021-2017
Percent
Change
Total Housing Units 7,799 100% 7,674 100% 125 1.63%
1-unit, detached 5,377 68.94% 5,123 66.30% 254 4.96%
1-unit, attached 1,092 14.00% 1,383 17.80% -291 -21.04% 2 units 50 0.64% 0 0.00% 50 100.0%
3 or 4 units 309 3.96% 241 2.30% 68 28.22%
5 to 9 units 136 1.74% 243 3.70% -107 -44.03%
10 to 19 units 455 5.83% 253 4.20% 202 79.84%
20 or more units 369 4.73% 431 5.70% -62 -14.39%
Mobile home 11 0.14% 0 0.00% 11 100.0%
Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 -
Source: US Census Bureau American Community Survey 2021 5-Year Estimates Table 14: City of Agoura Hills Units in Structure Change from 2017 to 2021 Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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In terms of risk and disaster mitigation, older
structures that have not been retrofitted or
otherwise improved may be more susceptible to
damage or destruction due to age and the fact that
older building codes were less stringent than those
required for newer structures. As a result, the
inventory of older structures is a consideration
when developing mitigation plans.
In Agoura Hills, 93.50% of structures (7,292)
were built prior to 2000 and 45.81% (3,573)
before 1980.
Year Structure
Built Estimate Percent
Total housing units 7,799 100.0%
Built 2020 or later 0 0.00%
Built 2010 to 2019 180 2.30%
Built 2000 to 2009 327 4.20%
Built 1990 to 1999 517 6.60%
Built 1980 to 1989 3,202 41.10%
Built 1970 to 1979 2,572 33.00%
Built 1960 to 1969 812 10.40%
Built 1950 to 1959 104 1.30%
Built 1940 to 1949 39 0.50%
Built 1939 or earlier 46 0.60%
Source: US Census Bureau American Community Survey 2021 5- Year Estimates
Table 15: Year Structures Built in the City of Agoura
Hills
Figure 21: City of Agoura Hills Number of Structures Built by Year 0 180
327
517
3,202
2,572
812
104 39 46
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Built
2020 or later
Built
2010 to 2019
Built
2000 to 2009
Built
1990 to 1999
Built
1980 to 1989
Built
1970 to 1979
Built
1960 to 1969
Built
1950 to 1959
Built
1940 to 1949
Built
1939 or
earlier
City of Agoura Hills
Number of Structures Built by Year
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Home values are an important
consideration when evaluating the
potential dollar loss due to disasters.
These values can also be used to
assess the cost/benefit of mitigation
activities and planning. In Agoura
Hills, the majority of Owner
Occupied Units are valued over
$500,000. Consequently, the
potential dollar losses from a disaster
can rapidly escalate – illustrating the
need for mitigation planning.
Owner-Occupied Units by Value
Estimate Percent
Owner-Occupied Units 5,861 100.00%
Less than $50,000 82 1.40%
$50,000 to $99,999 41 0.70%
$100,000 to $149,999 43 0.70%
$150,000 to $199,999 11 0.20%
$200,000 to $299,999 90 1.50%
$300,000 to $499,999 430 7.30%
$500,000 to $999,999 3,336 56.90%
$1,000,000 or more 1,828 31.20%
Median (dollars) $857,700 (X)
Source: US Census Bureau American Community Survey 2021 5-Year Estimates Table 16: City of Agoura Hills Home Value Distribution
Figure 22: City of Agoura Hills Distribution of Owner Occupied Unit Values 82 41 43 11
90 430
3,336
1,828
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Less than
$50,000
$50,000 to
$99,999
$100,000 to
$149,999
$150,000 to
$199,999
$200,000 to
$299,999
$300,000 to
$499,999
$500,000 to
$999,999
$1,000,000 or
more
City of Agoura Hills
Distribution of Owner Occupied Unit Values
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Homeowners Associations
Homeowners associations in Agoura Hills meet on a regular basis to discuss community issues, including hazard mitigation. Homeowners associations mail out information on a periodic basis and are very involved in the community.
The following is a list of the Home Owner Associations in the City of Agoura Hills:
City of Agoura Hills Home Owner Associations
Agoura Hills Country Estates Liberty Canyon Townhomes
Agoura Country Townhomes Meadow Ridge Townhomes
Annandale I Townhomes Morrison Ranch
Annandale II Townhomes Oak Hills
Chateau Creek Oak Valley
Chateau Park Oakview Garden
Fountainwood Oakview Ranch
Griffin Parkside Old Agoura
Hillrise Open Space Peacock Ridge
Indian Hills Rondell Condominiums
Lake Lindero Community Stonecrest
Lake Lindero Country Club Town and Country
Lake Lindero Townhomes Village of Oak Creek
Lakeview Villas Westlake Villas
Liberty Canyon
Table 17: City of Agoura Hills Home Owner Associations
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Emergency Preparedness
Critical Facilities and Capabilities
The City of Agoura Hills has identified multiple critical facilities including:
City Hall
Emergency Operations Center (EOC)
Recreation & Event Center
City Yard
Two of these facilities have functional emergency power generators. In addition, City Hall is stocked with emergency food for 32 staff and 25 volunteers for 3 days.
Emergency Operations Center
The Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is a fully-equipped site in the civic center. City staff are trained to operate the EOC in a disaster or other emergency situation. Activation of the EOC can be ordered by the City Manager, the Sheriff’s Department, or the Fire Department.
Mobile Operations Center
The City has purchased equipment to enable EOC operations away from the civic center, should the regular EOC not be operational.
Monitoring Capabilities
The City of Agoura Hills maintains cameras installed at major intersections that can be used for road assessments and for monitoring ongoing hazardous situations. Additionally, the City has purchased a drone that can be used for structural hazard assessments.
Mass Notification
The City of Agoura Hills utilizes ALERT AH (CodeRed) mass notification service to notify residents and businesses via voicemail, text, email, and social media within minutes of an emergency.
Beacon Box
The City of Agoura hills has strategically placed fire-resistant Beacon Boxes around the city which display critical information for public safety personnel such as water resources, road networks, egress areas, safe refuge areas, and high burn risk areas. The locations within Agoura Hills and the respective box numbers include:
1. Liberty Canyon
2. Amistosa
3. Old Agoura Park
4. Foothill Dr.
5. Sumac Park
6. Willow Elementary
7. Grey Rock Rd.
8. Reyes Adobe Rd.
9. Reyes Adobe Park
10. City Hall
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Disaster Preparedness Groups
The following groups are active in providing emergency preparedness, mitigation, and response services within Agoura Hills:
Emergency Response Team
The City of Agoura Hills has implemented a Volunteer Emergency Response Team. The City currently has 33 volunteers on its roster and will continue to grow its volunteer base over the next five years. The City solicits volunteers regularly through their city newsletter, the Agoura Hills Leaflet. As part of their preparation to assist the city staff and community in time of emergency, new members attend the CERT training program.
City of Agoura Hills Law Enforcement Committee
While the City does not have a Public Safety Committee, the City’s Law Enforcement Committee acts in this similar capacity meeting with staff and representatives from Law Enforcement and Los Angeles County Fire representative to discuss safety issues as they present themselves. The Law Enforcement Committee consists of two members of the City Council, who work with the City Manager and a staff liaison. The Law Enforcement Committee meets primarily as needed, but at least annually.
General Plan
The City Council of Agoura Hills approved a new General Plan on March 24, 2010, which details a strategy for the City’s development until the year 2035. Included in this plan are provisions for flood hazards, geological and seismic hazards, wildland and urban fire hazards and emergency preparedness in general.
As part of the general plan, the City of Agoura Hills implemented the following principles that adhere to particular facets of disaster preparedness:
1. Protect Agoura Hills’ residents, workers, and visitors from flood hazards.
2. Protect all personal and property in Agoura Hills from non-seismic geological hazards.
3. Protect all persons and property in Agoura Hills from urban and wildland fires.
4. Protect all persons and property in Agoura Hills from criminal activities.
5. Ensure that life and property in Agoura Hills are not endangered by the use, storage, or transport of hazardous materials.
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CALABASAS
Calabasas is located in the southwestern portion of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles County.
Calabasas is situated along the heavily traveled Ventura Freeway (Highway 101) approximately 25 miles from
downtown Los Angeles. A portion of the Calabasas
northern boundary is shared with Ventura County.
The City of Calabasas encompasses approximately 13.3 square miles or 8,512 acres of land. The population of Calabasas is estimated at 23,410 people (2021 U.S. American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate).
Figure 23: City of Calabasas Aerial View
Source: Google Maps
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General Coordinates
34°9’28’’North
Longitude 118°38’15’’West
Source: 2016 SCAG City Boundary Data
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Brief History
In the early 19th century Spanish settlers established farms and ranches in the rural area that is now the city of Calabasas. In the late 19th century large ranches gave way to smaller family farms.
Residential and commercial development of the area was restricted by water availability until 1958 when the Las Virgenes Municipal Water District established a substantial and reliable water source. Prior to incorporation, Calabasas was an unincorporated community governed by the County of Los Angeles. The City of Calabasas was incorporated in 1991.
Climate/Topography
The climate in the City of Calabasas can be characterized as mild in the winters, and warm and dry in the summers. The average temperature in 2022 ranged from the high 50’s to the low 100’s in the summer and from the low 40’s to the mid 70’s in the winter. Precipitation in 2022 was approximately 6 inches, with the greatest portion of precipitation occurring during the winter.
Category Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average
Temperature (°F) 57.6 59 62.6 65 67.4 77.1 78.3 81.6 80 70.5 56.7 53.3 Minimum
Temperature (°F) 42.5 43.6 46.6 49.8 51.4 58.8 60 62.9 63.8 55 41.2 41.1 Maximum
Temperature (°F) 72.7 74.6 78.5 80.2 83.4 95.4 96.6 100.3 96.3 86.1 72.1 65.5 Average Rainfall
(inches) 0.25 0 1.07 0.34 0 0 0 0 0.16 0 1.45 2.98
Source: Weather.gov (NOAA)
Table 18: City of Calabasas Average Monthly Temperatures and Rainfall (2022) The terrain can be categorized as rugged or mountainous with a few level areas. Calabasas is located in the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains, and ranges in elevation from 500 to 2,500 feet above sea level, with an average elevation of 796 feet. The scenic character of Calabasas is a result of its mountainous terrain and most undeveloped areas in Calabasas will likely remain that way due to topographical constraints and zoning limitations.
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Economic Activity
Economic activity is one indicator of the potential losses that may be incurred in the event of a disaster. The following tables list the principal employers, property tax payers, and taxable sales in Calabasas.
Calabasas Principal Employers
Company Industry Employees Percent of Total City
Employment
Las Virgenes School District2 Education 917 7.77%
The Cheesecake Factory, Inc4 Restaurant 782 6.63%
*Harbor Freight Tools5 Retail 723 6.13%
Viewpoint Education Foundation Education 319 2.70%
Keysight Technologies (formerly IXIA) Technology 189 1.60% Xperi (formerly DTS Inc) Technology 159 1.35%
BrightView Landscape Business Services 150 1.27%
*Alcatel-Lucent Enterprise7 Technology 139 1.18%
AmaWaterways Company Travel 134 1.14%
Bob Smith BMW & Mini6 Auto Retail 123 1.04%
Top 10 Total 3,635 30.81%
Total City of Calabasas Employment3 11,800 100.00%
Source: 2020- 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the City of Calabasas, Fiscal Year Ended June 2022 *In 2023 Alcatel and Harbor Freight were no longer within the Calabasas City limits. Alcatel was replaced by Res Med and Harbor Fright was replaced by Naked Wardrobe
Table 19: City of Calabasas Principal Employers
Calabasas Principal Property Tax Payers
Company Taxable Assessed Value Percent of Total City
Assessed Value
ASN Calabasas I LLC $ 175,057,874 1.88%
Aimco Malibu Canyon LLC 112,527,044 1.21%
RREF II Calabasas Park Center LLC 80,616,105 0.86%
Commons At Calabasas LLC 76,718,143 0.82%
Cheesecake Factory INC 65,171,746 0.70%
BVK Courtyard Commons LLC 56,882,492 0.61%
CT Calabasas LLC 53,126,541 0.57%
WCVAF Investment I LLC 43,035,319 0.46%
GVC Holding LP 39,282,796 0.42%
D EGIDIO Brothers III LLC 33,284,515 0.36%
Top 10 Total $735,702,575 7.88%
Total Property Tax Assessed Value $9,330,847,223 100%
Source: 2020- 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the City of Calabasas, Fiscal Year Ended June 2022 Table 20: City of Calabasas Principal Tax Payers
Notes:
2. The Las Virgenes School District number represents all employees within the district, classified, certificated and management
3. Total City Labor Force provided by EDD Labor Force Data
4. Number of employees only in Calabasas: Bakery and Corporate
5. Includes Camarillo satellite office that reports to Calabasas HQ
6. Two locations in Calabasas, BMW and Mini Cooper
7. Previous year number applied
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City of Calabasas Taxable Sales (2022)
Category Taxable Sales Percent of Total
Transportation $3,364,668 48.50%
Business to Business 869,184 12.53%
Food Products* 1,209,028 17.43%
General Retail 1,456,995 21.00%
Miscellaneous 5,655 0.08%
Construction 32,543 0.47%
Total 6,938,073 100.00%
Source: 2021- 2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the City of Calabasas, Fiscal Year Ended June 2022 City Direct Sales Tax Rate: 1%
*General grocery items are not taxable; the sales tax applies only to prepared food items and nonfood items Table 21: City of Calabasas Principal Taxable Sales
City of Calabasas Transient Occupancy Revenue and Tax (2023) In 2023, the City of Calabasas recognized approximately $2.6 Million in Transient Occupancy Tax (TOT) revenues, highlighting the additional losses that may be incurred in the event of a natural disaster. For example, if hotels and other short-term lodging facilities were down for a significant amount of time, this could result in a significant loss of revenue e.g., for each day of disruption, the loss would equate to a decrease in TOT revenue to the city of over $7,123.
Source: 2022 - 2023 City of Calabasas (Estimate)
Transportation
48.50%
Business to Business
12.53%
Food Products*
17.43%
General Retail
21.00%
Miscellaneous
0.08%
Construction
0.47%
City of Calabasas Taxable Sales
2022
Figure 24: City of Calabasas Taxable Sales Percentage by Category Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
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Calabasas Economy
The table below provides a breakdown of revenue channels for the City of Calabasas in 2017.
These categories include Accommodation and Food Services, Health Care and Social Assistance, Transportation and Warehousing, and Retail Sales. The total revenues accrued by the city amounted to approximately $1.01 Billion, which included Total Retail Sales per capita of $31,951.
Category Value
(in thousands) Percent
Total Accommodation and Food Services Sales $98,790 9.77% Total Health Care and Social Assistance Receipts/Revenue $108,871 10.76% Total Transportation and Warehousing Receipts/Revenue $37,573 3.72% Total Retail Sales $766,114 75.75%
Total $1,011,348 100.00%
Source U.S. Census Bureau 2017 Economic Census of the U.S.
Table 22: City of Calabasas Economy
Figure 25: City of Calabasas Economy by Sector
Total
Accommodation
and Food Services
Sales
9.77%
Total Health Care
and Social
Assistance
Receipts/Revenue
10.76%
Total Transportation
and Warehousing
Receipts/Revenue
3.72%
Total Retail Sales
75.75%
City of Calabasas Economy by Sector
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Population and Demographics
The following tables summarize the population and demographic groups at risk from a disaster in Calabasas.
Sex and Age Distribution
Demographic Estimates - 2021
Figure 26: City of Calabasas Female to Male
Distribution
In 2021, the estimated median age of
residents in Calabasas was 41.8 with
females (50.9%) outnumbering males
(49.1%). Mitigation planning must
consider the unique needs of population
groups, for example those under 15 years of
age and those over 65 years of age.
Sex and Age Estimate Percent
Total Population 23,410 100%
Male 11,499 49.1%
Female 11,911 50.9%
Under 5 years 1130 4.80%
5 to 9 years 1405 6.00%
10 to 14 years 1812 7.70%
15 to 19 years 1369 5.80%
20 to 24 years 1604 6.90%
25 to 29 years 1112 4.80%
30 to 34 years 1095 4.70%
35 to 39 years 1528 6.50%
40 to 44 years 1329 5.70%
45 to 49 years 1458 6.20%
50 to 54 years 2023 8.60%
55 to 59 years 1882 8.00%
60 to 64 years 1790 7.60%
65 to 69 years 1234 5.30%
70 to 74 years 1210 5.20%
75 to 79 years 434 1.90%
80 to 84 years 493 2.10%
85 years and over 502 2.10%
Median age (years) 41.8
Source U.S. Census Bureau 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate Table 23: City of Calabasas Sex and Age Demographics
Persons under 5
years, percent
5%
Persons under
18 years,
percent
21%
Persons
between 18
years and 65
years
58%
Persons 65
years and over,
percent
16%
City of Calabasas
Age Distribution
Figure 27: City of Calabasas Age Distribution
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Race and Language Composition
One aspect of mitigation planning is the need to address the cultural and language (communications) needs of local populations. This includes the ability to distribute information and provide notification in the event of a regional emergency. For Calabasas, an estimated 29.8% of the population speaks languages other than English (including English and another language or non-English only) with 2.27% speaking English “less than well or not at all”. These language and communication challenges may pose additional difficulties for socially vulnerable groups during a disaster.
Race
Race 2021 Estimated
Population
Percent of
Total
Total Population 23,410 100%
White alone(a) 16,798 71.76%
Black or African American alone(a) 558 2.38%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone(a) 118 0.50%
Asian alone(a) 2,264 9.67%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone(a) 0 0.00% Hispanic or Latino(b) 2,218 9.47%
Two or More Races 1,387 5.92%
Some Other Race(a) 67 0.29%
Source: US Census Bureau American Community Survey 2021 5-Year Estimates (a) Includes persons reporting only one race
(b) Hispanics may be of any race, so also are included in applicable race categories Table 24: City of Calabasas Race Composition
Figure 28: City of Calabasas Race Distribution
White alone
71.76%
Black or
African
American alone
2.38%
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone
Asian alone 0.50%
9.67%
Two or More Races
5.92%
Hispanic or
Latino
9.47%
Some other race
alone
0.29%
Native Hawaiian
and Other Pacific
Islander alone
0.00%
City of Calabasas Race Composition
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Language Spoken at Home
Language 2021 Estimated
Population
Percent of
Total
Speaks only English 15,294 68.60%
Language other than English spoken at home, percent of
persons age 5 years+, 2017-2021 6,986 31.40%
Speak a Language Other than English 2021 Estimated
Population
Percent of
Total
Spanish 1,000 4.50%
5 to 17 years old 91 0.40%
18 to 64 years old 791 3.60%
65 years old and over 118 0.50%
Other Indo-European languages 3,864 17.30%
5 to 17 years old 544 2.40%
18 to 64 years old 2,539 11.40%
65 years old and over 781 3.50%
Asian and Pacific Island languages 1,266 5.70%
5 to 17 years old 177 0.80%
18 to 64 years old 864 3.90%
65 years old and over 225 1.00%
Other languages 856 3.80%
5 to 17 years old 52 0.20%
18 to 64 years old 624 2.80%
65 years old and over 180 0.80%
Source: US Census Bureau American Community Survey 2021 5-Year Estimates Table 25: City of Calabasas Languages Spoken at Home
Speak only
English
69%
Spanish
4%
Other IndoEuropean
languages
17%
Asian and
Pacific Island
languages
6%
Other languages
4%
City of Calabasas
Languages Spoken at Home
Figure 29: City of Calabasas Language Spoken at Home
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Income Distribution
Household income is a factor for mitigation
planning since population groups in lower
income ranges are less able to cope with the
impact of disasters.
Furthermore, the availability of household
funds can have a direct impact on the level of
individual and family hazard mitigation
activities and emergency preparedness.
In Calabasas, while the mean household
income is $224,208, there are a limited number
of households with incomes less than $25,000,
near the 2023 U.S. poverty level of $24,860 for
a family of three as defined by the 2023 HHS
Poverty Guidelines, by the U.S. Department of
Health & Human Services.
*
Income and Benefits (in 2021 Inflation-Adjusted
Dollars)
Estimate Percent
Total Households 8,936 100.0%
Less than $10,000 590 6.60%
$10,000 to $14,999 134 1.50%
$15,000 to $24,999 420 4.70%
$25,000 to $34,999 304 3.40%
$35,000 to $49,999 483 5.40%
$50,000 to $74,999 938 10.50%
$75,000 to $99,999 652 7.30%
$100,000 to $149,999 1,367 15.30%
$150,000 to $199,999 965 10.80%
$200,000 or more 3,083 34.50%
Median household
income
$132,838 (X)
Mean household income $224,208 (X)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2021 American Community Survey 5- Year Estimates
* Note: The households with minimal incomes may also be attributable to retirees and others that have other sources of funds not reportable as income.
Figure 30: City of Calabasas Income Distribution
590
134
420
304
483
938
652
1,367
965
3,083
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
Less than
$10,000
$10,000 to
$14,999
$15,000 to
$24,999
$25,000 to
$34,999
$35,000 to
$49,999
$50,000 to
$74,999
$75,000 to
$99,999
$100,000 to
$149,999
$150,000 to
$199,999
$200,000 or
more
City of Calabasas
Number of Households by Income Distribution
Table 26: City of Calabasas Income and Benefits (2021
Inflation Adjusted Dollars)
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Land Use
Due to environmental constraints and steep hillsides, most undeveloped land within the Calabasas City limits will remain undeveloped and most developable areas are already built out. The nondeveloped areas of Calabasas are mainly in open space or hillside/mountainous zones.
The City of Calabasas is mainly residential but also hosts several commercial business parks and shopping centers including:
Calabasas Canyon Center
Calabasas Tech Center
Creekside Village
Courtyard at the Commons
Gelsons Shopping Center
Las Virgenes Village Shopping Center
Old Town Calabasas
Parkway Calabasas Shopping Center
The Commons at Calabasas
The Summit at Calabasas
Housing Characteristics
The following housing statistics provide a summary of the numbers and types of housing units that are at risk if a disaster were to occur in Calabasas. Housing data includes: Housing Occupancy, Units in Structure Change from 2017 to 2021, Number of Structures Built by Year, Home Values, and Home Value Distribution. In Calabasas, there has been a slight increase in the number of housing units since 2017 – particularly in 5 to 9 units and 10 to 19 units.
Housing Occupancy 2021 Estimate Percent
Total Housing Units 9,401 100.0%
Occupied housing units 8,936 95.01%
Vacant housing units 465 4.90%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Table 27: City of Calabasas Housing Occupancy
Unit Type 2021 Units Percent
Single-Family (SF) Detached 6,223 67%
SF Attached 663 7%
Total Single-Family 6,886 75%
2 to 4 Units 500 5%
5 or more units 1,613 17%
Total Multi-Family 2,113 23%
Mobile Homes & Other1 231 2%
Total 9,230 100%
Source: California Department of Finance, 2020, Population and Housing Estimates Table 28: City of Calabasas Units in Structure
Notes:
1. The City’s one mobile home park contains 210 units, indicating the Census counted 20 additional units in the “other” category which could be reflective of second units or guesthouses if they are occupied as someone’s current place of residence.
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In terms of risk and disaster mitigation, older
structures that have not been retrofitted or
otherwise improved may be more susceptible
to damage or destruction due to age and the
fact that older building codes were less
stringent than those required for newer
structures. As a result, the inventory of older
structures is a consideration when developing
mitigation plans. In Calabasas, 90.1% of
structures (8,471) were built prior to 2000 and
36.4% (3,423) before 1980.
Year Structure Built Estimate Percent
Total housing units 9,401 100.0%
Built 2020 or later 24 0.30%
Built 2010 to 2019 399 4.20%
Built 2000 to 2009 507 5.40%
Built 1990 to 1999 1,377 14.60%
Built 1980 to 1989 3,671 39.00%
Built 1970 to 1979 1,936 20.60%
Built 1960 to 1969 1,197 12.70%
Built 1950 to 1959 229 2.40%
Built 1940 to 1949 6 0.10%
Built 1939 or earlier 55 0.60%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2021 American Community Survey Figure 31: City of Calabasas Number of Structures Built by Year Table 29: Year Structures Built in the City of Calabasas 24 399
507
1,377
3,671
1,936
1,197
229
6 55
0 500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
Built 2020
or later
Built 2010
to 2019
Built 2000
to 2009
Built 1990
to 1999
Built 1980
to 1989
Built 1970
to 1979
Built 1960
to 1969
Built 1950
to 1959
Built 1940
to 1949
Built 1939
or earlier
City of Calabasas
Number of Structures Built by Year
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Home values are an important
consideration when evaluating the
potential dollar loss due to
disasters. These values can also be
used to assess the cost/benefit of
mitigation activities and planning.
In Calabasas, the majority of
Owner Occupied Units are valued
over $500,000. Consequently, the
potential dollar losses from a
disaster can rapidly escalate –
illustrating the need for mitigation
planning related to owner-occupied
units.
Owner-Occupied Units by Value
Estimate Percent
Owner-occupied units 6,010 100%
Less than $50,000 155 2.60%
$50,000 to $99,999 12 0.20%
$100,000 to $149,999 9 0.10%
$150,000 to $199,999 50 0.80%
$200,000 to $299,999 22 0.40%
$300,000 to $499,999 455 7.60%
$500,000 to $999,999 1,705 28.40%
$1,000,000 or more 3,602 59.90%
Median (dollars) $1,141,600 -
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2021 American Community Survey Table 30: City of Calabasas Home Value Distribution
Figure 32: City of Calabasas Distribution of Owner Occupied Unit Values 155
12 9
50 22
455
1,705
3,602
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Less than
$50,000
$50,000
to $99,999
$100,000
to $149,999
$150,000
to $199,999
$200,000
to $299,999
$300,000
to $499,999
$500,000
to $999,999 $1,000,000 or
more
City of Calabasas
Owner-Occupied Units by Value
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Emergency Preparedness
The following groups are active in providing emergency preparedness, mitigation, and response services within Calabasas.
Emergency Operations Center
The City of Calabasas’ Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is organized using the federally mandated Incident Command System (ICS). The City of Calabasas has an EOC which coordinates its emergency activities with the Lost Hills Sheriff’s Station and L.A. County Fire Department.
Additionally, the “Operation Area Response and Recovery System” (OARRS) is an Emergency Management Information System that is under the L.A. County Office of Emergency Management. The City of Calabasas also has an internal cable television network which is used during emergency/disaster situations to relay information to the public on conditions within the City including transit issues, fire hazards, flood, shelter locations, school issues, and Animal Care and Control. The primary EOC is located at the Calabasas City Hall, and the alternate location is at the Calabasas Senior Center.
Public Safety Commission
The City of Calabasas has a variety of commissions that offer residents opportunities to participate in city issues including the Public Safety Commission. When requested by the city council, the commission will advise the city council on matters related to public safety, crime and fire prevention, emergency preparedness and response, service contracts with public safety agencies and related matters. In its advisory role, the commission will make recommendations to the city council regarding budgets for public safety services and perform such other functions as the city council may direct.
Emergency Preparedness in Calabasas – a Fire Safe Council (EPIC-FSC) The City of Calabasas has a nonprofit organization called EPIC-FSC dedicated to aiding local residents in mitigating risks, surviving emergencies, and recovering from natural disasters, which was established by a collective of Calabasas citizens in response to the devastating Woolsey Fire in 2018. In partnership with CalFire and the Santa Monica Mountains Resource Conservation District, the program offers property assessments, home fortification, and handheld radio training via the website (https://epic-fsc.com/), as well as an emergency app for crucial information and communication.
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Finalsite Connect (formerly Blackboard Connect)
The City of Calabasas maintains a Finalsite ConnectTM program as its city-to-resident communications service. The Finalsite ConnectTM administrators can send periodic and personalized voice messages to residents within minutes. The Finalsite ConnectTM service complements the City’s emergency preparedness procedures and is used to inform residents of pressing and important issues such as emergencies and community surveys.
AM Radio Station
The City of Calabasas has an emergency radio station (1630 AM) which broadcasts critical information in the event of an emergency through vehicle radio or AM Radio sources (crank radio).
CERP (Calabasas Emergency Radio Program)
The City of Calabasas has an amateur radio station "CalHam" comprised of community members who are CERP and CERT (Community Emergency Response Team) trained, and FCC licensed that test the system on a weekly basis. During an emergency, neighborhood information/status reports are forwarded to the City's Emergency Operations Center through CERP and EPIC members. In the event of an emergency, the city also utilizes additional communication methods such as Finalsite ConnectTM, Instagram, Threads, YouTube, Nextdoor, “X” (formerly Twitter), and Facebook.
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City of Calabasas Homeowners Associations
Calabasas has an extensive list of Homeowners Associations that meet to discuss various community issues and are very involved in the community. The following is a list of the Homeowners Associations along with Neighborhoods and Residential Communities in the City of Calabasas.
Source: City of Calabasas
City of Calabasas Homeowners Associations / Neighborhoods and Residential Communities Alizia Canyon HOA Malibu Creek Condos HOA
Avanti Maintenance Corp. Mira Monte HOA
Bellagio HOA Mont Calabasas
Braewood Calabasas HOA Mountain Park HOA
Calabasas Colony HOA Mulholland Heights HOA
Calabasas Country Estates Mulholland Heights North HOA
Calabasas Highlands Mulwood Townhomes
Calabasas Hills Community Association Oak Creek Estates Calabasas Park HOA (Classic Calabasas) Oakcreek Property Owners Association Calabasas Park Estates Oak Park Calabasas HOA
Calabasas Ridge HOA Old Topanga, Inc. HOA
Calabasas View HOA Palatino HOA
Calabasas Village Mobile Estates Park Moderne
Canyon Creek Apartments Park Sorrento HOA
Clairidge HOA Parksouth Calabasas Estates HOA
Cold Creek Thousand Peaks Paxton
The Colony at Calabasas (Shea Homes) Saint Andrews Lane Homeowners Group Community Assoc. of Saratoga Hills Saratoga Ranch HOA
Country Creek Lane Serenata HOA
Creekside Calabasas Park HOA Steeplechase HOA
Dry Canyon Cold Creek Stonecreek HOA
El Encanto HOA Tanterra Condominiums
The Estates of the Oaks of Calabasas The Oaks of Calabasas Greater Mulwood Homeowners Association Tiffany Creekside HOA Horizons at Calabasas Vista Pointe Owners Association
Las Villas Calabasas HOA Westridge Calabasas Park HOA
Las Virgenes Hills Homes Woodland Terrace HOA
Las Virgenes Park HOA
Las Virgenes Village Townhomes
Malibu Canyon Apartments
Malibu Canyon Community Association
Malibu Canyon Villas
Malibu Creek Apartments
Table 31: City of Calabasas Homeowners Associations
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HIDDEN HILLS
Hidden Hills is a small, affluent, gated community located along the Ventura Freeway (U.S. Highway 101) in the westernmost portion of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles County. The land area is 1.65 square miles with a population of 2,182 people (2021 U.S. American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate) and a median home value greater than $1,000,000. Hidden Hills is a master planned community designed and developed by A.E. Hanson in the 1950’s.
Source: Google Maps
Figure 33: City of Hidden Hills Aerial View
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Source: 2017 SCAG City Boundary Data
General Coordinates
Latitude 34° 10’ 3” North
Longitude 118° 39’ 39” West
Map 9: City of Hidden Hills Location Map
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Brief History
The area that is today the city of Hidden Hills was initially farm and ranchland. In 1950 developer A.E. Hanson purchased 1000 acres from local landowners, divided the property and began selling homes and home sites. In 1961 facing the prospect of becoming annexed by the city of Los Angeles and having Burbank Boulevard extended through the community, the residents of Hidden Hills elected to incorporate becoming the 73rd city incorporated in Los Angeles County. The community has continued to develop in a controlled fashion following strict development codes governed by the Hidden Hills Community Association.
Four full-time employees and one part-time Emergency Services Coordinator staff the office of City Hall and provide all necessary services and information to residents, visitors and contractors.
Residents of Hidden Hills elect a five-member City Council on a non-partisan basis to serve four year overlapping terms. The Mayor is selected by the City Council, from one of its members, for a one-year term and serves as the official representative of the City.
Figure 34: City of Hidden Hills Entrance Gate
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Climate/Topography
Winters are mild and slightly rainy while summers are warm and dry. The average temperature in 2022 ranged from the low 60’s to the mid 90’s in the summer and from the high 40’s to the high 60’s in the winter. The rainfall in Hidden Hills during 2022 was approximately 6 inches, occurring mainly during the winter months.
Category Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average
Temperature (°F) 59.6 60.3 62.6 64.4 66.7 76.4 77.1 81.6 79.8 70.7 59.4 55 Minimum
Temperature (°F) 52.6 52.3 52.8 52.9 53.5 61.3 62 67.7 67.6 59.4 51.9 49.1 Maximum
Temperature (°F) 66.5 68.2 72.5 75.8 79.8 91.5 92.1 95.5 92 82 67 61 Average Rainfall
(inches) 0.25 0 1.07 0.34 0 0 0 0 0.16 0 1.45 2.98
Source: Weather.gov (NOAA)
Table 32: City of Hidden Hills Average Monthly Temperatures and Rainfall (2022) To the northwest, Hidden Hills abuts the foothills of the Simi Hills mountain range and the 3,000 acre Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve. To the south the community is bordered by U.S. Highway 101.
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Economic Activity
The City of Hidden Hills is a completely residential community with the exception of a small restricted commercial zone with one real estate office.
Hidden Hills Economy
Category Value
(in thousands) Percent
Total Accommodation and Food Services Sales N/A N/A
Total Health Care and Social Assistance Receipts/Revenue N/A N/A Total Manufacturer’s Shipments N/A N/A
Total Merchant Wholesaler Sales N/A N/A
Total Retail Sales N/A N/A
Total N/A N/A
Source U.S. Census Bureau 2017 Economic Census of the U.S.
Table 33: City of Hidden Hills Economy
As a result, the impact of a disaster would have limited economic impact in terms of businesses; however, there could be a large impact to the local population and residential structures (see Population Demographics and Land Use sections below).
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Population and Demographics
The following tables summarize the population and demographic groups at risk from a disaster in Hidden Hills.