Policy N-2-6: Work with Metro to provide that the design and operation of the Gold Line tracks, crossings, and station area use approaches that will minimize noise impacts 101 West Huntington Drive Development
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14 associated with train operations on the community. In particular, construct the Santa Anita Avenue crossing as a grade-separated crossing.
Goal N-3 Limited intrusion of point-source noise within residential neighborhoods and on noise- sensitive uses.
Policy N-3-1: Enforce the noise ordinance to protect residents and noise-sensitive uses from excessive noise levels associated with stationary sources.
Policy N-3-2: Encourage industrial and commercial activities to restrict their receiving operations to daytime periods, and condition such operations for new development projects.
Policy N-3-3: Explore requiring the use of noise suppression devices and techniques on all exterior noise sources (construction operations, pumps, fans, leaf blowers) to lower exterior noise to levels that are compatible with adjacent land uses.
Policy N-3-4: Require any new mixed use structures to be designed to minimize the transfer of noise and vibration from commercial or industrial to residential and other noise- sensitive uses.
Policy N-3-5: Require noise created by new non-transportation noise sources to be mitigated so as not to exceed acceptable interior and exterior noise level standards identified in this Noise Element.
Policy N-3-6: Provide appropriate funding to monitor noise levels and investigate noise complaints.
Policy N-3-7: Educate the community at large about the importance of maintaining a healthy noise environment, and identify ways residents can assist in noise abatement efforts.
City of Arcadia Municipal Code
In addition to the City’s General Plan, the City of Arcadia Municipal Code further outlines noise regulations in the Noise Ordinance found in Chapter 6, Article IV.
Chapter 6 – Noise Regulations
Part 1. – General Provisions
4610.3 – Noise Limits
a) It shall be unlawful for any person within the City of Arcadia to produce or cause or allow to be produced sound or noise which is amplified by the use of sound amplifying equipment and which amplified noise or sound is received on property occupied by another person within 101 West Huntington Drive Development
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15 the designated region, in excess of the following levels, except as expressly provided otherwise or exempted hereinafter:
Region Day 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Night 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.
Residential Zone 55 dBA 50 dBA
Commercial Zone 65 dBA 60 dBA
Industrial Zone 70 dBA 70 dBA
At the boundary line between two of the above zones the noise level of the quieter zone shall be used.
b) Corrections to Noise Limits. The numerical limits given in Section 4610.3(a) shall be adjusted by the following corrections, where appropriate:
Noise Condition Correction (in dB)
1. Impulsive sounds, pure tone or sounds with a cyclically varying amplitude -5 (The following corrections apply to day only)
2. Noise occurring more than 5 but less than 15 minutes per hour + 5
3. Noise occurring more than 1 but less than 5 minutes per hour +10
4. Noise occurring less than 1 minute per hour +15
c) It shall be unlawful for any person to produce or cause or allow to be produced sound or noise from air-conditioning equipment, pumps, fans or similar machinery which is received on residentially zoned property occupied by another person in excess of 55 dBA, provided, however, that if such machinery was installed prior to December 1, 1970, the noise level shall not be in excess of 60 dBA.
d) Exemption: Noise caused by "Emergency Work" as herein defined and from mechanical devices, apparatus, or equipment used, related to, or connected with such Emergency Work is exempt from the limits prescribed by this Chapter.
Part 3. – General Noise Regulations
4630. – Loud, Unnecessary and Unusual Noise
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Chapter, and in addition thereto, it shall be unlawful for any person to willfully make or continue, or cause to be made and continued, any loud, 101 West Huntington Drive Development
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16 unnecessary and unusual noise which disturbs the peace or quiet of any neighborhood, or which causes discomfort or annoyance to residents of the area. The standards which may be considered in determining whether a violation of the provisions of this Section exists, may include, but not be limited to, the following:
a) The level of the noise;
b) Whether the nature of the noise is usual or unusual; c) The nature of the area within which the noise emanates; d) The density of the inhabitation of the area within which the noise emanates; e) The time of day or night;
f) The duration of the noise;
g) Whether the noise is produced by a commercial or noncommercial activity. (Amended by Ord. 1567 adopted 7-20-76; amended by Ord. 2302 adopted 10-2-12) Part 6. – Nighttime Construction
4261. – Prohibited Hours Defined
The term "prohibited hours" as used in this Part shall mean any time after the hour of 6:00 p.m. of any weekday; any time before the hour of 7:00 a.m. of any weekday; any time after the hour of 5:00 p.m. of any Saturday; any time before the hour of 8:00 a.m. of any Saturday; any time on any Sunday; and any time on any of the following holidays: New Year's Day; Memorial Day; Independence Day; Labor Day; Veteran's Day; Thanksgiving Day; and Christmas Day, provided that if in any calendar year any such holiday falls on a Sunday, the following Monday shall constitute the holiday.
4262. – Construction Limited.
Unless a permit so to do shall first have been obtained as provided in Section 4263, no person shall during prohibited hours engage in any earth excavation, land fill or earth moving operation or in the construction of any portion of a building or structure, nor shall any person during prohibited hours use or operate any truck, tractor, crane, rig or any mechanical equipment of any kind in connection with, in the performance of or in furtherance of any of the foregoing
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17 Threshold Applied to the Project
Per Table N-2, the residential maximum noise level is 65/45 dBA CNEL (outdoor/indoor). Per Section 4610.3(a), exterior noise limits are 55/50 dBA Leq (day/night) in residential zones and 65/60 dBA in commercial zones. Per Section 4261, construction is allowed 7:00 a.m.–6:00 p.m. weekdays and 8:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m. Saturdays, and prohibited on Sundays and federal holidays. 101 West Huntington Drive Development
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18 5.0 Study Method and Procedure
The following section describes the noise modeling procedures and assumptions used for this assessment.
5.1 Noise Measurement Procedure and Criteria
Noise measurements are taken to determine the existing noise levels. A noise receiver or receptor is any location in the noise analysis in which noise might produce an impact. The following criteria are used to select measurement locations and receptors:
Locations expected to receive the highest noise impacts, such as the first row of houses Locations that are acoustically representative and equivalent to the area of concern Human land usage
Sites clear of major obstruction and contamination
MD conducted the sound level measurements in accordance with the City of Arcadia which is similar to CalTrans technical noise specifications. All measurements equipment meets American National Standards Institute (ANSI) specifications for sound level meters (S1.4-1983 identified in Chapter 19.68.020.AA). The following gives a brief description of the Caltrans Technical Noise Supplement procedures for sound level measurements:
Microphones for sound level meters were placed 5-feet above the ground for all measurements Sound level meters were calibrated (Larson Davis CAL 200) before and after each measurement Following the calibration of equipment, a windscreen was placed over the microphone Frequency weighting was set on “A” and slow response
Results of the long-term noise measurements were recorded on field data sheets During any short-term noise measurements, any noise contaminations such as barking dogs, local traffic, lawnmowers, or aircraft fly-overs were noted
Temperature and sky conditions were observed and documented
5.2 Noise Measurement Locations
Two (2) long-term noise monitoring locations were selected based on the distance from Huntington Drive and Santa Clara Street to the nearest sensitive on-site receptors. Long-term noise measurements were conducted near the corner portions of the project site and are illustrated in Exhibit E. Appendix A includes photos, the field sheet, and measured noise data. Exhibit E illustrates the location of the measurements.
5.3 FHWA Traffic Noise Prediction Model
Traffic noise from vehicular traffic was projected using a computer program that replicates the FHWA Traffic Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108). The FHWA model arrives at the predicted noise level through a series of adjustments to the Reference Energy Mean Emission Level (REMEL). The referenced traffic data was applied to the model and is in Appendix B. The following outlines the key adjustments made to the REMEL for the roadway inputs:
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19 Roadway classification – (e.g. freeway, major arterial, arterial, secondary, collector, etc), Roadway Active Width – (distance between the center of the outermost travel lanes on each side of the roadway)
Average Daily Traffic Volumes (ADT), Travel Speeds, Percentages of automobiles, medium trucks, and heavy trucks
Roadway grade and angle of view
Site Conditions (e.g. soft vs. hard)
Percentage of total ADT which flows each hour throughout a 24-hour period Table 1 indicates the roadway parameters and vehicle distribution utilized for this study.
Table 1: Roadway Parameters and Vehicle Distribution
Roadway Segment Opening Year
ADT1
Opening Year +
Project ADT1 Speed (MPH) Site
Conditions
Huntington Drive West of Santa Clara
Street 24,200 24,300 35 Hard
Santa Clara Street North of Huntington
Drive 11,600 11,600 35 Hard
Vehicle Distribution and Mix2
Motor-Vehicle Type Day % (7AM
to 7 PM)
Evening %
(7 PM to 10 PM)
Night %
(10 PM to 7
AM)
Total % of
Traffic Flow
Automobiles 77.5 12.9 9.6 97.5
Medium Trucks 84.8 4.9 10.3 1.8
Heavy Trucks 86.5 2.7 10.8 0.7
Notes:
1 Opening Year and Opening Year + Project ADT calculated from Traffic Impact Analysis prepared by TJW Engineering. 2 Typical California Vehicle Distribution and Mix.
To determine the project’s noise impact to the surrounding land uses, MD generated noise contours for opening year and opening year + project conditions. The traffic noise calculation worksheet outputs are located in Appendix B.
5.4 Interior Noise Modeling
The interior noise level is the difference between the projected exterior noise level at the structure’s facade and the noise reduction provided by the structure itself. Typical building construction will provide a conservative 12 dBA noise level reduction with a “windows open” condition and a very conservative 20 dBA noise level reduction with “windows closed”. MD estimated the interior noise level by subtracting the building shell design from the predicted exterior noise level.
With the “windows closed” the project will require mechanical fresh air ventilation (e.g. air conditioning) to the habitable dwelling units.
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20 5.5 FHWA Roadway Construction Noise Model
The construction noise analysis utilizes the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Roadway Construction Noise Model (RNCM), together with several key construction parameters. Key inputs include distance to the sensitive receiver, equipment usage, % usage factor, and baseline parameters for the project site.
The project was analyzed based on the different construction phases. Construction noise is expected to be loudest during the demolition phase of construction. The construction noise calculation output worksheet is located in Appendix C.
SITE
Huntington Drive
21 X = Measurement Location Exhibit E
Measurement Locations
2 1
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22 6.0 Existing Noise Environment
Two (2) 24-hour noise measurements were conducted at the project site to document the existing noise environment. The measurements include the 1-hour Leq, Lmin, Lmax, and other statistical data (e.g. L2, L8). The results of the noise measurements are presented in Table 2 and Table 3. Noise measurement field sheets are provided in Appendix A.
Table 2: Long-Term Noise Measurement Data for NM1 (dBA) 1 Date Start Time Stop Time 1-Hour dB(A)
LEQ LMAX LMIN L2 L8 L25 L50 L90
4/17/2025 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 64.2 86.1 45.2 67.8 66.3 64.6 63 60.2 4/17/2025 10:00 AM 11:00 AM 64 81.5 44.1 68.4 67.1 65 63.4 60.1 4/17/2025 11:00 AM 12:00 PM 63.2 81.6 45.6 67.7 65.2 63.9 63 59.1 4/17/2025 12:00 PM 1:00 PM 64.8 88.4 46.9 71.6 65.7 64.6 63.1 60.1 4/17/2025 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 63.5 80.9 44.9 67.5 65.5 64.6 63.2 60 4/17/2025 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 68.4 94.6 47 68 66.7 65 63.8 60.8 4/17/2025 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 64.7 82.1 46.6 68.9 68.5 65.3 63.3 60.9 4/17/2025 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 63.8 86.1 48.8 70.5 65.1 63.9 62.4 60.2 4/17/2025 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 64.2 86.6 48 68.1 65.8 63.9 63.1 60.1 4/17/2025 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 63.6 87.2 46.1 66.8 65.5 63.5 62.7 59.9 4/17/2025 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 62.6 80.4 43.5 67.5 65.1 63.3 62 59 4/17/2025 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 67.5 96.9 42.8 75.5 65.9 62.8 60.8 57.9 4/17/2025 9:00 PM 10:00 PM 61.1 84.6 42.3 65.9 63.5 61.2 59.4 56.5 4/17/2025 10:00 PM 11:00 PM 59.1 81 40.2 64.5 61.5 59.7 57.8 53.8 4/17/2025 11:00 PM 12:00 AM 59 85.2 37.9 65.3 60.7 57.5 55.1 51.1 4/18/2025 12:00 AM 1:00 AM 55.6 74.3 37.3 62.3 60.3 55.6 53.6 48.3 4/18/2025 1:00 AM 2:00 AM 53.3 73.2 36.8 60.2 58.1 53.5 50.8 41.7 4/18/2025 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 50.4 72.2 36.7 57.3 55 51 44.9 38.5 4/18/2025 3:00 AM 4:00 AM 54.1 82 36.6 62 56.6 54.2 47 38.8 4/18/2025 4:00 AM 5:00 AM 55.6 76.3 38.3 62.2 59.2 57.2 53.2 41.3 4/18/2025 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 58.8 74.3 41.7 63.7 62.4 59.6 57.6 53.6 4/18/2025 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 68.6 97.7 44.9 69.8 67.3 65.4 62.9 57.8 4/18/2025 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 68.4 98.1 44 71.1 67.8 66.1 64.1 59.3 4/18/2025 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 64.7 85.5 46.3 67.9 66.2 65.3 64.3 60.6 CNEL 66.4
Notes:
1. Long-term noise monitoring location (NM1) is illustrated in Exhibit E. The quietest hourly daytime noise interval is highlighted in yellow. The quietest nighttime noise interval is highlighted in green.
<Table 3 next page>
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23 Table 3: Long-Term Noise Measurement Data for NM2 (dBA)1 Date Start Time Stop Time 1-Hour dB(A)
LEQ LMAX LMIN L2 L8 L25 L50 L90
4/17/2025 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 63.2 84.9 48.3 66.1 64.5 63.9 62.4 60.7 4/17/2025 10:00 AM 11:00 AM 65.4 92.7 47.8 68.5 66.5 63.6 62.1 60 4/17/2025 11:00 AM 12:00 PM 63.6 85.9 48.4 69.2 66.4 63.9 62.4 60.3 4/17/2025 12:00 PM 1:00 PM 64.9 88.3 50.3 72.3 67.5 63.7 62.4 60.8 4/17/2025 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 63.3 83.7 48.2 68.4 65.5 63.5 62.6 60.8 4/17/2025 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 71.1 98.9 49.2 73.9 67.3 65.6 63.6 61.4 4/17/2025 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 65.5 92.3 48.7 68.7 66.2 64.8 64.1 61.7 4/17/2025 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 65.1 88.1 49.8 70.2 66.5 65.2 64 62.9 4/17/2025 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 67.9 96 50.2 75.3 68.2 65.3 64.6 63.1 4/17/2025 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 64.4 75.9 48.8 66.7 66.1 64.7 64.6 62.3 4/17/2025 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 63 80.2 44.7 68.2 65.4 63.3 62.2 59.8 4/17/2025 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 73.2 101.1 44.2 72.9 66.4 63.1 60.3 57.9 4/17/2025 9:00 PM 10:00 PM 61.1 78.6 44.7 66.2 64.3 61.8 60.1 56.3 4/17/2025 10:00 PM 11:00 PM 59.3 81.4 42.8 64.7 61.4 60 57.9 54.5 4/17/2025 11:00 PM 12:00 AM 57.6 81.3 42 64.6 59.3 57.9 56 50.9 4/18/2025 12:00 AM 1:00 AM 56 78.8 41.9 61.1 60 55.7 53.5 47.4 4/18/2025 1:00 AM 2:00 AM 53.9 76.2 42.1 61.9 58.8 53.8 50.3 43.4 4/18/2025 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 52.2 76.3 41.8 57.9 54.3 51 47.6 43.5 4/18/2025 3:00 AM 4:00 AM 53.2 79.5 41.9 62.9 56.1 52.2 48.3 43.5 4/18/2025 4:00 AM 5:00 AM 55.5 75 42.5 62.4 59.7 55.7 53.9 44.1 4/18/2025 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 58.9 76.3 43 64.5 61.5 60.1 57.6 53.2 4/18/2025 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 72.4 101.4 46.3 68.4 66.1 64.2 62.1 59 4/18/2025 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 65.2 93.8 47.1 70.5 65.5 64.2 62.2 60.3 4/18/2025 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 65.1 82 48.9 69.7 68.7 66.2 63.6 60.4 CNEL 67.6
Notes:
1. Long-term noise monitoring location (NM2) is illustrated in Exhibit E. The quietest hourly daytime noise interval is highlighted in yellow. The quietest nighttime noise interval is highlighted in green.
The data presented in Tables 2 and 3 and the field notes provided in Appendix A, indicate that ambient noise levels in the project vicinity range between 52 and 73 dBA Leq. The overall CNEL was up to 68 dBA CNEL. The quietest daytime level of 61 dBA Leq is highlighted in yellow and occurred at 9 PM. The quietest nighttime level of 50 dBA Leq (see Table 2) and 52 dBA Leq (see Table 3) is highlighted in green and occurred at 2 AM. The field data indicates that traffic along Huntington Drive and Santa Clara Street is the dominant noise source.
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24 7.0 Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation
This assessment analyzes future noise impacts to and from the project and compares the results to the City’s Noise Standards. The analysis details the estimated exterior noise levels associated with traffic from adjacent roadway sources.
7.1 Future Exterior Noise Levels
On-Site Traffic Noise
Traffic noise from the local roadway network was evaluated and compared to the City’s Exterior Noise Standard. Per the City’s Exterior Noise Standard (Table N-2 from the City’s General Plan, Noise Element), the residential noise limit is 65 dBA CNEL. This limit applies to outdoor usable areas. There are two outdoor areas, a common area near buildings 2 & 3, and an outdoor activity area near building 1, that are located on the project site. The common area is 80 feet away from the centerline of Huntington Drive and 45 feet away from the centerline of Santa Clara Street. The outdoor activity area to the north is 265 feet from the centerline of Huntington Drive and 45 feet from the centerline of Santa Clara Street.
Huntington Drive and Santa Clara Street will be the main sources of noise impacting the project site. The planned residential building (Unit 34 per the site plan) will be approximately 45 feet tall and will provide acoustical shielding from Huntington Drive to the common area. Without shielding, the level at the recreational area would be 67 dBA CNEL. The shielding of Unit 34 is expected to reduce the level by 3 dB. Thus, the common area will be approximately 64 dBA CNEL. The outdoor activity area is in the northeastern corner of the project site approximately 265 feet from the centerline of Huntington Drive and will be partially shielded from road noise by unit 18. The noise level at the outdoor activity area will be lower than the noise level at the common area and thus will be less than 65 dBA CNEL. The common area will be approximately 65 dBA due to traffic noise combined from Huntington Drive and Santa Clara Street, and the exterior noise level will meet the City’s residential noise limit of 65 dBA CNEL. The impact of on-site traffic noise is less than significant.
Off-Site Traffic Noise
Traffic noise along Huntington Drive and Santa Clara Street are the main sources of noise impacting the project site and the surrounding area. Huntington Drive is expected to have an opening year ADT of 24,200 and Santa Clara Street is expected to have an opening year ADT of 11,600. The projected ADT in the opening year plus project trips is 24,406 for Huntington Drive and 11,623 for Santa Clara Street, according to the traffic impact analysis prepared by TJW Engineering. It takes a change of 3 dB or more to hear an audible difference, which would occur with a doubling of traffic. The project is not anticipated to increase the existing noise level due to an increase in traffic. Therefore, the impact is less than significant.
Operational Noise
On-site operational noise includes 2 transformers and HVAC. All HVAC equipment is located on the rooftops and will be blocked by a parapet wall with minimum height of 36 inches. Each living unit is assumed to have two 3-ton HVAC unit that is opera tional 24 hours a day. Equipment will be at least 14 101 West Huntington Drive Development
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25 feet away and an average of 150 feet away from the adjacent residences to the north. The maximum sound power level from a single unit is 73 dBA. At 150 feet away, the sound pressure level from all 68 operating HVAC units is estimated to be 51 dBA. The parapet will provide a 6 dB reduction. The maximum HVAC sound level at the residential receivers to the north will be up to 45 dBA and will therefore meet the residential nighttime limit of 50 dBA Leq. See Appendix D.
The transformers will be as close as 42 feet to the nearest residential property to the north. Per ANSI and NEMA requirements for transformer noise, small transformers must be no louder than 40 dBA at 8 feet. Assuming ANSI and NEMA requirements will be met, the maximum noise due to the transformers is 33 dBA at the residences to the north.
Total on-site operations assume that all HVAC equipment and transformers will be running 24 hours a day. With this assumption, the total operational noise will be 45 dBA Leq. This will meet the residential nighttime limit of 50 dBA Leq. Thus, the impact of noise due to project operations is less than significant.
7.2 Future Interior Noise Levels
The future interior noise level was calculated for the sensitive receptor locations using a typical “windows open” and “windows closed” condition. A “windows open” condition assumes 12 dBA of noise attenuation from the exterior noise level. A “windows closed” condition” assumes 20 dBA of noise attenuation from the exterior noise level. Table 4 indicates the first and second-floor interior noise levels for the project site.
Table 4: Future Interior Noise Levels (dBA CNEL)
Location
Roadway
Noise
Source
Exterior
Facade
Study
Location
Noise
Level at
Building
Facade1
Interior Noise
Reduction
Required to Meet
45 dBA CNEL
Interior Noise Level w/
Rated Windows Minimum
Glass STC
Rating4 Window
Open2
Windows
Closed3
1st Row
Units Facing
Huntington
Drive
Huntington
Drive
1st Floor 67 22 55 45 27
2nd Floor 67 22 55 45 27
3rd Floor 67 22 55 45 27
Unit 18 & 28
Facing Santa
Clara Street
Santa Clara
Street
1st Floor 65 20 53 45 25
2nd Floor 65 20 53 45 25
3rd Floor 65 20 53 45 25
Notes:
1. Noise level from traffic noise calculations, sheets in Appendix B.
2. A minimum of 12 dB noise reduction is assumed with a "windows open" condition.
3. A minimum of 22 dB noise reduction is assumed with a "windows closed" condition for STC 27 glass.
4. Indicates the required STC rating to meet the interior noise standard.
As shown in Table 4, the interior noise level will be up to 55 dBA CNEL with the windows open and up to 45 dBA CNEL with the windows closed.
To meet the City’s interior 45 dBA CNEL standard a “windows closed” condition is required. The windows and sliding glass doors directly facing Huntington Drive will require a minimum STC rating of 27 for the 101 West Huntington Drive Development
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26 1st, 2nd, and 3rd floors. The standard window for this project is anticipated to be STC 27, and therefore all other windows on-site will meet the 45 dBA CNEL interior requirements with standard windows with a “windows closed” condition. A “windows closed” condition simply means that in order to achieve a 45 dBA CNEL interior noise level, the windows must be closed and does not mean the windows must be fixed.
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27 8.0 Construction Noise Impact
The degree of construction noise may vary for different areas of the project site and also vary depending on the construction activities. Noise levels associated with the construction will vary with the different phases of construction. The construction noise and vibration level projections are provided in the sections below.
8.1 Construction Noise
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has compiled data regarding the noise generated characteristics of typical construction activities. The data is presented in Table 5.
Table 5: Typical Construction Noise Levels1
Equipment Powered by Internal Combustion Engines
Type Noise Levels (dBA) at 50 Feet
Earth Moving
Compactors (Rollers) 73 - 76
Front Loaders 73 - 84
Backhoes 73 - 92
Tractors 75 - 95
Scrapers, Graders 78 - 92
Pavers 85 - 87
Trucks 81 - 94
Materials Handling
Concrete Mixers 72 - 87
Concrete Pumps 81 - 83
Cranes (Movable) 72 - 86
Cranes (Derrick) 85 - 87
Stationary
Pumps 68 - 71
Generators 71 - 83
Compressors 75 - 86
Impact Equipment
Type Noise Levels (dBA) at 50 Feet
Saws 71 - 82
Vibrators 68 - 82
Notes:
1 Referenced Noise Levels from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Construction is anticipated to occur during the permissible hours according to the City’s Municipal Code.
Construction noise is considered a short-term impact and would be considered significant if construction activities are taken outside the allowable times (7 AM to 6PM on weekdays, 8AM to 5PM on Saturdays and at no time on Sundays and federal holidays) as described in the City’s Municipal Code (Section 4261).
Construction noise will have a temporary or periodic increase in the ambient noise level above the existing within the project vicinity. Construction noise level projections are provided. 101 West Huntington Drive Development
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28 Sensitive land uses surrounding the site include existing residential uses to the north. These uses are an average of 150 feet away from construction activities and as close as 5 feet from construction activities.
There is also a commercial building as close as 5 feet away from construction activities. CalEEMod methodology was utilized to determine the construction equipment. Typical operating cycles for these types of construction equipment may involve one or two minutes of full power operation followed by three to four minutes at lower power settings. Noise levels are in Table 6. A likely worst-case construction noise scenario assumes equipment operating as close as 5 feet and an average of 150 feet from the nearest sensitive receptor, and 5 feet away from the nearest commercial building. Leq levels represent the average construction noise level during each phase.
Table 6: Construction Noise Levels at Existing Adjacent Residences to the North
Phase dBA Leq
Demolition 74.8
Grading 73.2
Build 70.7
Paving 72.9
Arch Coating 61.3
Construction noise will range from 61 to 75 dBA Le q and 93 to 105 dBA Lmax at the nearest sensitive receptors. Ambient noise at the project site ranges from 52 to 73 dBA. Construction will occur during the permissible hours. Therefore, the impact is considered less than significant.
8.2 Construction Vibration
Construction activities can produce vibration that may be felt by adjacent land uses. The construction of the proposed project would not require the use of equipment such as pile drivers, which are known to generate substantial construction vibration levels. The primary vibration source during construction may be from a small bulldozer. A small bulldozer has a vi bration impact of 0.003 inches per second peak particle velocity (PPV) at 25 feet which is perceptible but below any risk to architectural damage.
The fundamental equation used to calculate vibration propagation through average soil conditions and distance is as follows:
PPV
equipment = PPVref (25/Drec)n
Where: PPVref = reference PPV at 25ft.
D rec = distance from equipment to receiver in ft.
n = 1.1 (the value related to the attenuation rate through ground)
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29 The thresholds from the Caltrans Transportation and Construction Induced Vibration Guidance Manual in Table 7 (below) provides general thresholds and guidelines as to the vibration damage potential from vibratory impacts.
Table 7: Guideline Vibration Damage Potential Threshold Criteria
Structure and Condition
Maximum PPV (in/sec)
Transient Sources Continuous/Frequent
Intermittent Sources
Extremely fragile historic buildings, ruins, ancient monuments 0.12 0.08 Fragile buildings 0.2 0.1
Historic and some old buildings 0.5 0.25
Older residential structures 0.5 0.3
New residential structures 1.0 0.5
Modern industrial/commercial buildings 2.0 0.5
Source: Table 19, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, Caltrans, April. 2020.
Note: Transient sources create a single isolated vibration event, such as blasting or drop balls. Continuous/frequent intermittent sources include impact pile drivers, pogo-stick compactors, crack-and-seat equipment, vibratory pile drivers, and vibratory compaction equipment.
Table 8 gives approximate vibration levels for particular construction activities. This data provides a reasonable estimate for a wide range of soil conditions.
Table 8: Vibration Source Levels for Construction Equipment1
Equipment
Peak Particle Velocity Approximate Vibration Level
(inches/second) at 25 feet LV (VdB) at 25 feet
Pile driver (impact) 1.518 (upper range) 112
0.644 (typical) 104
Pile driver (sonic) 0.734 upper range 105
0.170 typical 93
Clam shovel drop (slurry wall) 0.202 94
Hydromill 0.008 in soil 66
(slurry wall) 0.017 in rock 75
Vibratory Roller 0.21 94
Hoe Ram 0.089 87
Large bulldozer 0.089 87
Caisson drill 0.089 87
Loaded trucks 0.076 86
Jackhammer 0.035 79
Small bulldozer 0.003 58
1 Source: Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, Federal Transit Administration, September 2018.
At a distance of 5 feet, the nearest existing buildi ng to construction activities, a small bulldozer would yield a worst-case0.018 PPV (in/sec), which is below the PPV (in/sec) threshold for older residential structures. The impact construction noise and vibration is therefore less than significant. 101 West Huntington Drive Development
Noise Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA References
30 9.0 CEQA Analysis
The California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines (Appendix D) establishes thresholds for noise impact analysis as presented below:
(a) Would the project result in the generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise Code, or applicable standards of other agencies?
Transportation Noise Impacts
Transportation noise impacts would be considered significant if the existing plus project levels are expected to increase by more than 3 dB. Compared to existing traffic noise levels, existing plus project traffic noise levels are not expected to increase at existing land uses. The impact is therefore less than significant.
Stationary Noise Sources
Stationary noise impacts would be considered significant if they result in exceedances specified by Table VII-2 of the Noise Element within the City’s General Plan. Implementation of the proposed project may result in stationary noise related to rooftop HVAC units and parking. All equipment is required to meet the stationary noise limits of 50 dBA Leq at the adjacent sensitive receptors.
Operational noise levels at the sensitive receptors are expected to reach up to 45 dBA Leq during the day and up to 45 dBA Leq during the night. These noise levels meet the City’s daytime noise standard of 55 dBA and the nighttime noise standard of 50 dBA. Therefore, the impact would be less than significant.
Construction Noise
Construction noise will not be significant if construction activities follow established hours of operation in accordance with part 6, Sections 4261 and 4262 of the City of Arcadia Municipal Code.
The demolition on site activities will generate the highest temporary noise levels. The loudest construction equipment on the site will be a concrete saw and a tractor. Typical operating cycles for this type of construction equipment may involve 1 or 2 minutes of full power operation followed by 3 or 4 minutes at lower power settings. The maximum Leq level for the loudest phase of construction is expected to be 74.8 dBA Leq at the nearest existing adjacent residential building. These levels are below the FTA recommended limit of 80 dBA Leq for residential uses (refer to Table 7-3 of the FTA Noise and Vibration Manual). Construction noise is therefore less than significant.
b) Generate excessive ground-borne vibration or ground-borne noise levels? Project Vibration Impacts
There is no operational vibration.
Construction Vibration Impacts
At a distance of 5 feet, the nearest existing building to construction activities, a small bulldozer would yield a worst-case0.018 PPV (in/sec), which is below the PPV (in/sec) threshold for older residential structures. The impact construction noise and vibration is therefore less than significant 101 West Huntington Drive Development
Noise Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA References
31 c. For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels?
Public and private airports, as well as private airstrip s, have the potential to expose people residing or working in the Project area to excessive noise. The closest airport to the Project site is San Gabriel Valley Airport, located approximately 3.37 miles away (Google Earth 2025). No private airstrips are located within the broader vicinity of the Project site (AirNav.com 2025). Therefore, the impacts associated with public and private airports would be less than significant, and no impacts would occur from a private airstrip.
101 West Huntington Drive Development
Noise Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA References
32 10.0 References
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Specifications for sound level meters (S1.4-1983 identified in Chapter 19.68.020.AA).
California, State of, Building Standards Commission
2019 California Building Code (CBC), Title 24.
2019 Green Code Section 5.507.4.3 (2019)
California Department of Transportation (Caltrans)
2013 Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol. 2020 Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual. April. 2021 Caltrans Traffic Counts https://dot.ca.gov/programs/traffic-operations/census
California Office of Noise Control
2017 Guidelines for the Preparation and Content of Noise Elements of the General Plan. February.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
1974 Information on Levels of Environmental Noise Requisite to Protect Public Health and Welfare with an Adequate Margin of Safety. Prepared by the EPA, Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Federal Transit Administration
2006 Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment. Typical Construction Equipment Vibration Emissions. FTAVA-90-1003-06.
Office of Planning and Research, State of California
2017 Office of Planning and Research, General Plan Guidelines.
Arcadia, City of
2010 City of Arcadia General Plan Chapter 9: Noise Element 2024 City of Arcadia Code of Ordinances
Federal Highway Administration
2017 RCNM documentation
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Unit Assumptions
Total sqft of climate controlled area: 54724 Sound Power Level of 1 Unit: 73 dB ACU tons (n=2, 3, 4, or 6): 3 Total # of Units Needed: 68 Units Building Height (ft): 45 SPL at Receiver
Horizontal Distance to Receiver (ft): 150 1 Unit: 28.5 dB All Units: 50.5 dB
101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA
Prepared for:
Mr. Nick Patterson
City Ventures
3121 Michaelson Drive, Suite 150
Irvine, CA 92555
Prepared by:
MD Acoustics, LLC
Tyler Klassen, EIT
1197 Los Angeles Ave, Ste C-256
Simi Valley, CA 93065
Date: 11/7/2025
101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA TABLE OF CONTENTS
MD Acoustics, LLC ii
JN: 01632404_Report_11.7.2025_clean
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................. ........ 1
1.1 Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives 1
1.2 Project Summary 1
1.2.1 Site Location 1
1.2.2 Project Description 1
1.2.3 Sensitive Receptors 1
1.3 Executive Summary of Findings 2
2.0 Regulatory Framework and Background ................................................................................. 5
2.1 Air Quality Regulatory Setting 5
2.1.1 National and State 5
2.1.2 South Coast Air Quality Management District 7
2.1.3 Local 10
3.0 Setting ....................................................................................................................... .......... 11
3.1 Existing Physical Setting 11
3.1.1 Local Climate and Meteorology 11
3.1.2 Local Air Quality 12
3.1.3 Attainment Status 15
4.0 Modeling Parameters and Assumptions ............................................................................... 16
4.1 Construction 16
4.2 Operations 17
4.3 Localized Construction Analysis 18
4.4 Localized Operational Analysis 19
5.0 Thresholds of Significance .................................................................................................... 20
5.1 Air Quality Thresholds of Significance 20
5.1.1 CEQA Guidelines for Air Quality 20
5.1.2 Regional Significance Thresholds for Construction Emissions 20
5.1.3 Regional Significance Thresholds for Operational Emissions 21
5.1.4 Thresholds for Localized Significance 21
6.0 Air Quality Emissions Impact ................................................................................................ 22
6.1 Construction Air Quality Emissions Impact 22
6.1.1 Regional Construction Emissions 22
6.1.2 Localized Construction Emissions 23
6.1.3 Odors 23
6.1.4 Construction-Related Toxic Air Contaminant Impact 24
6.2 Operational Air Quality Emissions Impact 24
6.2.1 Regional Operational Emissions 24
6.2.2 Localized Operational Emissions 25
6.3 CO Hot Spot Emissions 25
6.4 Cumulative Regional Air Quality Impacts 26
101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA TABLE OF CONTENTS
MD Acoustics, LLC iii
JN: 01632404_Report_11.7.2025_clean
6.5 Air Quality Compliance 26
7.0 CEQA Analysis ................................................................................................................. ..... 29
8.0 References .................................................................................................................... ....... 31
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A:
CalEEMod Emission Output
LIST OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit A ..................................................................................................................... ...................... 3 Location Map 3
Exhibit B ..................................................................................................................... ...................... 4 Site Plan 4
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Land Use Summary ........................................................................................................................ 1 Table 2: Ambient Air Quality Standards ..................................................................................................... 6 Table 3: Meteorological Summary ............................................................................................................ 12 Table 4: Local Area Air Quality Levels from the Los Angeles – Main Street Monitoring Station ............. 13 Table 5: South Coast Air Basin Attainment Status .................................................................................... 15 Table 6: Construction Details .................................................................................................................... 16 Table 7: Regional Significance - Construction Emissions (pounds/day) ................................................... 22 Table 8: Localized Significance – Construction ......................................................................................... 23 Table 9: Regional Significance - Unmitigated Operational Emissions (lbs/day) ....................................... 24 Table 10: Localized Significance – Unmitigated Operational Emissions ................................................... 25
101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA TABLE OF CONTENTS
MD Acoustics, LLC iv
JN: 01632404_Report_11.7.2025_clean
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
AQMP Air Quality Management Plan
CAAQS California Ambient Air Quality Standards
CARB California Air Resources Board
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons
CH
4 Methane
CNG Compressed natural gas
CO Carbon monoxide
CO
2 Carbon dioxide
CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent
DPM Diesel particulate matter
GHG Greenhouse gas
HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons
LST Localized Significant Thresholds
MTCO
2e Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
MMTCO2e Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NOx Nitrogen Oxides
NO
2 Nitrogen dioxide
N2O Nitrous oxide
O3 Ozone
PFCs Perfluorocarbons
PM Particle matter
PM10 Particles that are less than 10 micrometers in diameter PM2.5 Particles that are less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter PMI Point of maximum impact
PPM Parts per million
PPB Parts per billion
RTIP Regional Transportation Improvement Plan
RTP Regional Transportation Plan
SCAB South Coast Air Basin
SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District
SF
6 Sulfur hexafluoride
SIP State Implementation Plan
SOx Sulfur Oxides
SRA Source/Receptor Area
TAC Toxic air contaminants
VOC Volatile organic compounds
WRCC Western Regional Climate Center
101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA Introduction
1 1.0 Introduction
1.1 Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives
This air quality analysis was prepared to evaluate whether the estimated criteria pollutants emissions generated from the project would cause a significant impact to the air resources in the project area.
This assessment was conducted within the context of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA, California Public Resources Code Se ctions 21000, et seq.). The assessment is consistent with the methodology and emission factors endorsed by South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), California Air Resource Board (CARB), an d the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA).
1.2 Project Summary
1.2.1 Site Location
The project site is located at 101 West Huntington Dr ive in the City of Arcadia, California, as shown in Exhibit A. The site has a current General Plan la nd use classification of Commercial and a Zoning classification of General Commercial (C-G) with Residential Flex Overlay (R-F). Existing land uses surrounding the site include residential uses to the north, general commercial to the east and south, and Arcadia Community Regional Park to the south, and Santa Anita Park to the west.
1.2.2 Project Description
The project proposes the construction of 34 to wnhomes with a total of 70 parking stalls on approximately 1.08 acres. Exhibit B demonstrates the site plan for the project.
Construction activities within the Project area will consist of building, paving, and architectural coating.
Table 1 summarizes the land use description for the Project Site.
Table 1: Land Use Summary
Land Use Unit Amount Size Metric
Condo/Townhouse 34 Dwelling Units
1.2.3 Sensitive Receptors
Sensitive receptors are considered land uses or ot her types of population groups that are more sensitive to air pollution than others due to th eir exposure. Sensitive population groups include children, the elderly, the acutely and chronically ill, and those with cardio-respiratory diseases. For CEQA purposes, a sensitive receptor would be a loca tion where a sensitive individual could remain for 24-hours or longer, such as residencies, hospitals, and schools (etc). 101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA Introduction
2 The closest existing sensitive receptors (to the site area) are the residential land uses located approximately 5 feet to the northeast of the project site.
1.3 Executive Summary of Findings
The following is a summary of the analysis results:
Construction-Source Emissions
Project construction-source emissions would not exceed applicable regional thre sholds of significance established by the SCAQMD. For localized emissions, the project will not exceed applicable Localized Significance Thresholds (LSTs) established by the SCAQMD.
Project construction-source emissions would not conf lict with the Basin Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP). As discussed herein, the project will comp ly with all applicable SCAQMD construction-source emission reduction rules and guidelines. Project construction source emissions would not cause or substantively contribute to violation of the Ca lifornia Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) or National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
Established requirements addressing construction equipment operations, and construction material use, storage, and disposal requirements act to minimize odor impacts that may result from construction activities. Moreover, construction-source odor emissions would be temporary, short- term, and intermittent in nature and would not re sult in persistent impacts that would affect substantial numbers of people. Potential construc tion-source odor impacts are therefore considered less-than-significant.
Operational-Source Emissions
The project operational-sourced emissions would no t exceed applicable regional thresholds of significance established by the SCAQMD. Project op erational-source emissions would not result in or cause a significant localized air quality impact as di scussed in the Operations-Related Local Air Quality Impacts section of this report. Additionally, proj ect-related traffic will not cause or result in CO concentrations exceeding applicable state and/ or federal standards (CO “hotspots). Project operational-source emissions would therefore not adversely affect sensitive receptors within the vicinity of the project.
Project operational-source emissions would not conflict with the Basin Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP). The project's emissions would not exceed SCAQMD regional thresholds and will not result in a significant cumulative impact. The project does not propose any such uses or activities that would result in potentially significant operational-source odor impacts. Potential operational-source odor impacts are therefore considered less-than significant.
101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA
Exhibit A
Location Map
SITE
Huntington Drive
3 Exhibit B
Site Plan
101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA
4 101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
5 2.0 Regulatory Framework and Background
2.1 Air Quality Regulatory Setting
Air pollutants are regulated at the national, state, an d air basin level; each agency has a different level of regulatory responsibility. The United States En vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates at the national level. The California Air Resources Board (ARB) regulates at the state level. The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) regulates at the air basin level.
2.1.1 National and State
The EPA is responsible for global, international, and interstate air pollution issues and policies. The EPA sets national vehicle and stationary source emission standards, oversees approval of all State Implementation Plans, provides research and guidance for air pollution programs, and sets National Air Quality Standards, also known as federal standards. There are six common air pollutants, called criteria pollutants, which were identified from the provisions of the Clean Air Act of 1970. x Ozone
x Nitrogen Dioxide
x Lead
x Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
x Carbon Monoxide
x Particulate Matter
x Sulfur Dioxide
The federal standards were set to protect public health, including that of sensitive individuals; thus, the standards continue to change as more medical resear ch is available regarding the health effects of the criteria pollutants. Primary federal standards are th e levels of air quality ne cessary, with an adequate margin of safety, to project the public health.
A State Implementation Plan is a document prepared by each state describing existing air quality conditions and measures that will be followed to attain and maintain federa l standards. The State Implementation Plan for the State of California is administered by the ARB, which has overall responsibility for statewide air quality maintenanc e and air pollution prevention. California’s State Implementation Plan incorporates individual federa l attainment plans for regional air districts—air district prepares their federal attainment plan, which sent to ARB to be approved and incorporated into the California State Implementation Plan. Federal attainment plans include the technical foundation for understanding air quality (e.g., emission inventories and air quality monitoring), control measures and strategies, and enforcement mechanisms. See http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/aaqs/aaqs.htm for additional information on criteria pollutants and air quality standards.
The federal and state ambient air quality standards are summarized in Table 2 and can also be found at http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/aaqs/aaqs2.pdf.
101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
6 Table 2: Ambient Air Quality Standards
Pollutant Averaging Time California Standards1 National Standards2 Concentrations3 Method4 Primary3,5 Secondary3,6 Method7 Ozone (O3) 1-Hour 0.09 ppm Ultraviolet
Photometry
- - Same as Primary
Standard
Ultraviolet
Photometry 8-Hour 0.070 ppm 0.070 ppm (147 μg/m3)
Respirable
Particulate Matter
(PM10)8
24-Hour 50 μg/m3 Gravimetric or Beta
Attenuation
150 μ/m3 Same as Primary
Standard
Inertial Separation
and Gravimetric
Analysis Annual Arithmetic Mean 20 μg/m3 - -
Fine Particulate
Matter (PM2.5)8
24-Hour - - - - 35 μg/m3 Same as Primary
Standard Inertial Separation
and Gravimetric
Analysis Annual Arithmetic Mean 12 μg/m3 Gravimetric or Beta Attenuation 12 μg/m3 15 μg/m3
Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
1-Hour 20 ppm (23 μg/m3) Non-Dispersive
Infrared Photometry
(NDIR)
35 ppm (40 μg/m3) - - Non-Dispersive
Infrared
Photometry (NDIR)
8-Hour 9.0 ppm (10 μg/m3) 9 ppm (10 μg/m3) - -
8-Hour
(Lake Tahoe) 6 ppm (7 μg/m3) - - - -
Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2)9
1-Hour 0.18 ppm (339 μg/m3) Gas Phase
Chemiluminescence
100 ppb (188 μg/m3) - - Gas Phase
Chemiluminescence Annual Arithmetic Mean 0.030 ppm (357 μg/m3) 0.053 ppm (100 μg/m3) Same as Primary Standard
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)10
1-Hour 0.25 ppm (655 μg/m3)
Ultraviolet
Fluorescence
75 ppb (196 μg/m3) - -
Ultraviolet
Fluorescence;
Spectrophotometry
(Pararosaniline
Method)
3-Hour - - - - 0.5 ppm
(1300 mg/m3)
24-Hour 0.04 ppm (105 μg/m3) 0.14 ppm
(for certain areas)10 - -
Annual Arithmetic Mean - - 0.130ppm
(for certain areas)10 - -
Lead11,12
30 Day Average 1.5 μg/m3
Atomic Absorption
- -
Calendar Qrtr - - 1.5 μg/m3
(for certain areas)12 Same as Primary
Standard
High Volume
Sampler and Atomic
Absorption Rolling 3-Month Average - - 0.15 μg/m3
Visibility Reducing
Particles13 8-Hour See footnote 13
Beta Attenuation and
Transmittance
through Filter Tape No
National
Standards
Sulfates 24-Hour 25 μg/m3 Ion Chromatography
Hydrogen Sulfide 1-Hour 0.03 ppm (42 μg/m3) Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Vinyl Chloride11 24-Hour 0.01 ppm (26 μg/m3) Gas Chromatography
Notes:
1. California standards for ozone, carbon monoxide (except 8-hour Lake Tahoe), sulfur dioxide (1 and 24 hour), nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, and visibility reducing particles), are values that are not to be exceeded. All others are not to be equaled or e xceeded. California ambient air quality standards are listed in the Table of Standards in Section 70200 of Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations.
2. National standards (other than ozone, particulate matter, and thos e based on annual arithmetic mean) are not to be exceeded mor e than once a year. The ozone standard is attained when the fourth highest 8-ho ur concentration measured at each site in a year, averaged ove r three years, is equal to or less than the standard. For PM10, the 24 hour standard is attained when the expected number of days per calendar ye ar with a 24-hour average concentration above 150 μg/m3 is equal to or less than one. For PM2.5, the 24 hour standard is attained when 98 percent of the daily concentrations, averaged over three years, are equal to or less than the standard. Contact the U.S. EPA for further clarificati on and current national policies.
3. Concentration expressed first in units in which it was promulgated. Equivalent units given in parentheses are based upon a reference temperature of 25°C and a reference pressure of 760 torr. Most measurements of air quality are to be corrected to a reference temperature of 25°C and a reference pressure of 760 torr; ppm in this table refers to ppm by volume, or micromoles of pollutant per mole of gas.
4. Any equivalent measurement method which can be shown to the satisfaction of the ARB to give equivalent results at or near the level of the air quality standard may be used.
5. National Primary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary, with an adequate margin of safety to protect the public health.
6. National Secondary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary to protect the public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse effects of a pollutant.
7. Reference method as described by the U.S. EPA. An “equivalent method” of measurement may be used but must have a “consistent relationship to the reference method” and must be approved by the U.S. EPA.
101 West Huntington Drive Development
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City of Arcadia, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
7 8. On December 14, 2012, the national annual PM2.5 primary standard was lowered from 15 μg/m3 to 12.0 μg/m3. The existing national 24-hour PM2.5 standards (primary and secondary) were retained at 35 μg/m3, as was the annual secondary standard of 15 μg/m3. The existing 24-hour PM10 standards (primary and secondary) of 150 μg/m3 also were retained. The form of the annual primary and secondary standards is the annual mean, averaged over 3 years.
9. To attain the 1-hour national standard, the 3-year average of the annual 98th percentile of the 1-hour daily maximum concentrations at each site must not exceed 100 ppb. Note that the national 1-hour standard is in units of parts per billion (ppb). California standards are in units of parts per million (ppm). To directly compare the national 1-hour standard to the California standards the units can be converted from ppb to ppm. In this case, the national standard of 100 ppb is identical to 0.100 ppm.
10. On June 2, 2010, a new 1-hour SO2 standard was established and the existing 24-hour and annual primary standards were revoked. To attain the 1- hour national standard, the 3-year average of the annual 99th percentile of the 1-hour daily maximum concentrations at each site must not exceed 75 ppb. The 1971 SO2 national standards (24-hour and annual) remain in effect until one year after an area is designated for the 2010 standard, except that in areas designated nonattainment for the 1971 standards, the 1971 standards remain in effect until implementation plans to attain or maintain the 2010 standards are approved.
Note that the 1-hour national standard is in units of parts per billion (ppb). California standards are in units of parts per million (ppm). To directly compare the 1-hour national standard to the California standard the units can be converted to ppm. In this case, the national standard of 75 ppb is identical to 0.075 ppm.
11. The ARB has identified lead and vinyl chloride as 'toxic air contaminants' with no threshold level of exposure for adverse health effects determined.
These actions allow for the implementation of control measures at levels below the ambient concentrations specified for these pollutants.
12. The national standard for lead was revised on October 15, 2008 to a rolling 3-month average. The 1978 lead standard (1.5 μg/m3 as a quarterly average) remains in effect until one year after an area is designated for the 2008 standard, except that in areas designated nonattainment for the 1978 standard, the 1978 standard remains in effect until implementation plans to attain or maintain the 2008 standard are approved.
13. In 1989, the ARB converted both the general statewide 10-mile visibility standard and the Lake Tahoe 30-mile visibility standard to instrumental equivalents, which are "extinction of 0.23 per kilometer" and "extinction of 0.07 per kilometer" for the statewide and Lake Tahoe Air Basin standards, respectively.
Several pollutants listed in Table 2 are not addressed in this analysis. Analysis of lead is not included in this report because the project is not anticipated to emit lead. Visibility-reducing particles are not explicitly addressed in this analysis because part iculate matter is addressed. The project is not expected to generate or be exposed to vinyl chlori de because proposed project uses do not utilize the chemical processes that create this pollutant and th ere are no such uses in the project vicinity. The proposed project is not expected to cause exposure to hydrogen sulfide because it would not generate hydrogen sulfide in any substantial quantity.
2.1.2 South Coast Air Quality Management District
The agency for air pollution control for the South Co ast Air Basin (basin) is the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). SCAQMD is responsible for controlling emissions primarily from stationary sources. SCAQMD maintains air quality mo nitoring stations throughout the basin. SCAQMD, in coordination with the Southern California Asso ciation of Governments, is also responsible for developing, updating, and implementing the Air Qua lity Management Plan (AQMP) for the basin. An AQMP is a plan prepared and implemented by an air pollution district for a county or region designated as nonattainment of the federal and/or California ambient air quality standards. The term nonattainment area is used to refer to an air ba sin where one or more ambient air quality standards are exceeded.
Every three (3) years the SCAQMD prepares a new AQ MP, updating the previous plan and having a 20- year horizon.
101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
8 On March 23, 2017 CARB approved the 2016 AQMP . The 2016 AQMP is a regional blueprint for achieving the federal air quality standards and healthful air.
The 2016 AQMP includes both stationary and mob ile source strategies to ensure that rapidly approaching attainment deadlines are met, that public health is protected to the maximum extent feasible, and that the region is not faced with burden some sanctions if the Plan is not approved or if the NAAQS are not met on time. As with every AQMP, a comprehensive analysis of emissions, meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, regional growth projections, and the impact of existing control measures is updated with the latest data and methods. The most significant air quality challenge in the Basin is to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions sufficiently to meet the upcoming ozone standard deadlines. The primary goal of this Air Quality Management Plan is to meet clean air standards and protect public health, including ensuring benefi ts to environmental justice and disadvantaged communities. Now that the plan has been approved by CARB, it has been forwarded to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency for its review. If approved by EPA, the plan becomes federally enforceable
South Coast AQMD adopted the 2022 AQMP on Decemb er 2, 2022, to address the attainment of the 2015 8-hour ozone standard (70 ppb) for South Coast Air Basin and Coachella Valley. To meet this standard, the AQMP determined NOx emissions mu st be reduced by 67% percent more than is required by adopted rules and regu lations by 2037. The control strategy for the 2022 AQMP includes aggressive new regulations and the development of incentive programs to support early deployment of advanced technologies. The two key areas for in centive programs are (1) promoting widespread deployment of available zero-emission (ZE) and lo w NOx technologies and (2) developing new ZE and ultra-low NOx technologies for use in cases where the technology is not currently available. South Coast AQMD will prioritize distribution of incentiv e funding in environmental justice areas and seek opportunities to focus benefits on the most di sadvantaged communities. Cost-effectiveness and affordability will be further considered during the rulemaking or incentive program development process.
South Coast Air Quality Management District Rules
The AQMP for the basin establishes a program of ru les and regulations administered by SCAQMD to obtain attainment of the state and federal standards. Some of the rules and regulations that apply to this Project include, but are not limited to, the following:
SCAQMD Rule 402 prohibits a person from discharging from any source whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material which cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health or safety of any such persons or the public, or which caus e, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage to business or property.
SCAQMD Rule 403 governs emissions of fugitive dust during construction and operation activities.
Compliance with this rule is achieved through app lication of standard Best Management Practices, such as application of water or chemical stabilizers to disturbed soils, covering haul vehicles, restricting vehicle speeds on unpaved roads to 15 miles per hour, sweeping loose dirt from paved site access 101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
9 roadways, cessation of construction activity when winds exceed 25 mph, and establishing a permanent ground cover on finished sites.
Rule 403 requires that fugitive dust be controlled with best available control measures so that the presence of such dust does not remain visible in the atmosphere beyond the property line of the emission source. In addition, Rule 403 requires implementation of dust suppression techniques to prevent fugitive dust from creating a nuisance off site. Applicable suppression techniques are indicated below and include but are not limited to the following:
x Apply nontoxic chemical soil stabilizers according to manufacturers’ specifications to all inactive construction areas (previously graded areas in active for 10 days or more). x Water active sites at least two times daily.
x Cover all trucks hauling dirt, san, soil, or other lo ose materials, or maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard in accordance with the requirements of California Vehicle Code (CVC) section 23114. x Pave construction access roads at least 100 feet onto the site from the main road. x Reduce traffic speeds on all unpaved roads to 15 mph or less. x Suspension of all grading activities when wind speeds (including instantaneous wind gusts) exceed 25 mph.
x Bumper strips or similar best management practices shall be provided where vehicles enter and exit the construction site onto paved roads or wash off trucks and any equipment leaving the site each trip.
x Replanting disturbed areas as soon as practical.
x During all construction activities, construction contractors shall sweep on-site and off-iste streets if silt is carried to adjacent public thoroughfares, to reduce the amount of particulate matter on public streets.
SCAQMD Rule 1113 governs the sale, use, and manufacturing of architectural coating and limits the VOC content in paints and paint solvents. This rule regulates the VOC content of paints available during construction. Therefore, all paints and solvents used during construction and operation of project must comply with Rule 1113.
Idling Diesel Vehicle Trucks – Idling for more than 5 minutes in any one location is prohibited within California borders.
Rule 2702. The SCAQMD adopted Rule 2702 on February 6, 2009, which establishes a voluntary air quality investment program from which SCAQMD can collect funds from parties that desire certified GHG emission reductions, pool those funds, and use them to purchase or fund GHG emission reduction projects within two years, unless extended by the Gove rning Board. Priority will be given to projects that result in co-benefit emission reductions of GHG emissions and criteria or toxic air pollutants within environmental justice areas. Further, this volu ntary program may compete with the cap-and-trade program identified for implementation in CARB’s Scoping Plan, or a Federal cap and trade program. 101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
10 2.1.3 Local
Local jurisdictions, such as the City of Arcadia, have the authority and responsibility to reduce air pollution through their police power and decision-making authority. Specifically, the City is responsible for the assessment and mitigation of air emissions resulting from its land use decisions. The City is also responsible for the implementation of transportation control measures as ou tlined in the 2022 AQMP. Examples of such measures include bus turnouts, energy-efficient streetlights, and sy nchronized traffic signals. In accordance with CEQA requirements and the CEQA review process, the City assesses the air quality impacts of new development projects, requires mitigation of potentially significant ai r quality impacts by conditioning discretionary permits, and monitors and enforces implementation of such mitigation.
The City relies on the expertise of the SCAQMD and utilizes the SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Handbook as the guidance document for the environmental review of plans and development proposals within its jurisdiction.
City of Arcadia General Plan
The Environmental Justice Element of the City of Arc adia General Plan contains the following goals and policies:
Goal EJ-2: A community with reduced transportation-related air pollution Policy EJ-2.1: Continue to update truck route maps that minimize exposure to sensitive land uses. x Resource Sustainability Policy 1.4: Lower the emissions caused by motor vehicles through Transportation Demand Management strategies and land use patterns that reduce vehicle miles traveled.
x Resource Sustainability Policy 1.2: Limit, when feasible, locating sensitive receptors near pollutant-emitting sources.
x Resource Sustainability Policy 1.6: Require projects that generate potentially significant levels of air pollutants to incorporate the most effective air quality mitigation into project design, as appropriate.
101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA Setting
11 3.0 Setting
3.1 Existing Physical Setting
The Project Site is located within the City of Arcadia , which is located within the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB or Basin) that includes all of Orange County as well as the non-desert portions of Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties. The South Co ast Air Basin is located on a coastal plain with connecting broad valleys and low hills to the east. Regionally, the South Coast Air Basin is bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the southwest and high mountains to the east forming the inland perimeter.
3.1.1 Local Climate and Meteorology
Dominant airflows provide the driving mechanism for transport and dispersion of air pollution. The mountains surrounding the region form natural ho rizontal barriers to the dispersion of air contaminants. Air pollution created in the co astal areas and around the Los Angeles area is transported inland until it reac hes the mountains where the combination of mountains and inversion layers generally prevent further dispersion. This poor ventilation results in a gradual degradation of air quality from the coastal areas to inland areas. Air stagnation may occur during the early evening and early morning periods of transition between day and nighttime flows. The region also experiences periods of hot, dry winds from the desert, known as Santa Ana winds. If the Santa Ana winds are strong, they can surpass the sea breeze, which blows from the ocean to the land, and carry the suspended dust and pollutants out to the ocean. If the winds are weak, they are opposed by the sea breeze and cause stagnation, resulting in high pollution events.
The annual average temperature varies little throughout much of the basin, ranging from the low to middle 60s, measured in degrees Fahrenheit (°F). With more pronounced oceanic influence, coastal areas show less variability in annual minimum a nd maximum temperatures than inland areas where the project site is located. The majority of the annual rainfall in the basin occurs between November and April. Summer rainfall is minimal and is generally limited to scattered thunderstorms in the coastal regions and slightly heavier showers in the eastern portion of the basin along the coastal side of the mountains. Year-to-year patterns in rainfall are unpredictable because of fluctuations in the weather.
Temperature inversions limit the vertical depth th rough which pollution can be mixed. Among the most common temperature inversions in the basin are radiation inversions, which form on clear winter nights when cold air off mountains sink to the valley floor while the air aloft over the valley remains warm. These inversions, in conjunction with calm wi nds, trap pollutants near the source. Other types of temperature inversions that affect the basi n include marine, subsidence, and high-pressure inversions.
Summers are often periods of hazy visibility and oc casionally unhealthful air. Strong temperature inversions may occur that limit the vertical depth through which air pollution can be dispersed. Air pollutants concentrate because they cannot rise through the inversion layer and disperse. These inversions are more common and persistent during the summer months. Over time, sunlight produces photochemical reactions within this inversion layer that creates ozone, a particularly harmful air 101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA Setting
12 pollutant. Occasionally, strong thermal convections occur which allows the air pollutants to rise high enough to pass over the mountains and ultimately dilute the smog cloudtrap pollutants such as automobile exhaust near their source. While these inv ersions may lead to air pollution “hot spots” in heavily developed coastal areas of the basin, there is not enough traffic in inland valleys to cause any winter air pollution problems. Despite light wind conditions, especially at night and in the early morning, winter is generally a period of good air quality in the project vicinity.
In the winter, light nocturnal winds result mainly fr om the drainage of cool air off of the mountains toward the valley floor while the air aloft over the va lley remains warm. This forms a type of inversion known as a radiation inversion. Such winds are characterized by stagnation and poor local mixing and trap pollutants such as automobile exhaust near th eir source. While these inversions may lead to air pollution “hot spots” in heavily developed coastal ar eas of the basin, there is not enough traffic to cause any winter air pollution problems. Despite light wind conditions, especially at night and in the early morning, winter is generally a period of good air quality in the project vicinity.
The temperature and precipitation levels for the City of Pasadena, the nearest ci ty with available data, are in Table 3. Table 3 shows that August is typi cally the warmest month and January is typically the coolest month. Rainfall in the project area varies co nsiderably in both time and space. Almost all the annual rainfall comes from the fringes of mid-latitude storms from late November to early April, with summers being almost completely dry.
Table 3: Meteorological Summary
Month Temperature (˚F) Average Precipitation
(inches) Average High Average Low
January 66.5 42.6 4.39
February 67.8 44.1 4.54
March 69.9 45.9 3.39
April 73.4 48.8 1.39
May 76.3 52.2 0.43
June 81.7 55.7 0.13
July 88.4 59.9 0.03
August 89.2 60.3 0.08
September 87.1 58.5 0.36
October 80.6 53.4 0.70
November 73.8 47.2 1.67
December 67.2 43.2 3.14
Annual Average 76.8 51.0 20.24
Notes:
1 Source: https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca6719
3.1.2 Local Air Quality
The SCAQMD is divided into 38 air-monitoring area s with a designated ambient air monitoring station representative of each area. The project site is lo cated in the City of Arcadia in the East San Gabriel Valley Source Receptor Area (Area 9). The nearest ai r monitoring station to the project site is the 101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA Setting
13 Glendora – Laurel Station (Glendora Station); howe ver this location does not provide all ambient weather data. Therefore, additional data was pulled from the SCAQMD historical data for the East San Gabriel Valley Area (Area 9) for both sulfur dioxide an d carbon monoxide to provide the existing levels.
Table 4 presents the monitored pollutant levels within the vicinity. However, it should be noted that due to the air monitoring station distance from the pr oject site, recorded air pollution levels at the air monitoring station reflect with varying degrees of accuracy, local air quality conditions at the project site.
Table 4: Local Area Air Quality Levels from the Glendora Monitoring Station Year
Pollutant (Standard)2 2022 2023 2024
Ozone:
Maximum 1-Hour Concentration (ppm) 0.143 0.155 0.145
Days > CAAQS (0.09 ppm) 46 57 82
Maximum 8-Hour Concentration (ppm) 0.101 0.110 0.114
Days > NAAQS (0.07 ppm) 60 70 95
Days > CAAQS (0.070 ppm) 61 72 96
Carbon Monoxide:
Maximum 1-Hour Concentration (ppm) - - -
Days > NAAQS (20 ppm) - - -
Maximum 8-Hour Concentration (ppm) - - -
Days > NAAQS (9 ppm) - - -
Nitrogen Dioxide:
Maximum 1-Hour Concentration (ppm) 0.0542 0.088 0.048
Days > NAAQS (0.25 ppm) 0 0 0
Sulfur Dioxide:
Maximum 1-Hour Concentration (ppm) - - -
Days > CAAQS (0.25 ppm) - - -
Inhalable Particulates (PM10):
Maximum 24-Hour Concentration (ug/m3) 83.6 126.7 187.7
Days > NAAQS (150 ug/m3) 0 0 1
Days > CAAQS (50 ug/m3) - - -
Annual Average (ug/m3) 25.7 23.4 29.2
Annual > NAAQS (50 ug/m3) No No No
Annual > CAAQS (20 ug/m3) Yes Yes Yes
Ultra-Fine Particulates (PM2.5):
Maximum 24-Hour Concentration (ug/m3) 56 99.3 154.4
Days > NAAQS (35 ug/m3) - - -
Annual Average (ug/m3) 8.5 8.1 -
Annual > NAAQS (15 ug/m3) No No -
Annual > CAAQS (12 ug/m3) No No -
1. Source: obtained from https://www.aqmd.gov/home/air-quality/air-quality-data-studies/historical-data-by-year and /or https://www.arb.ca.gov/adam/topfour/topfour1.php
2 CAAQS = California Ambient Air Quality Standard; NAAQS = National Ambient Air Quality Standard; ppm = parts per million 3 No data available.
The monitoring data presented in Table 4 shows that ozone and particulate matter (PM10) are the air pollutants of primary concern in the project area, which are detailed below. 101 West Huntington Drive Development
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City of Arcadia, CA Setting
14 Ozone
During the 2022 to 2024 monitoring period, the State 1-hour concentration standard for ozone has been exceeded between 46 and 82 each year at the Glendora Station. The State 8-hour ozone standard has been exceeded between 61 and 96 days each year over the past three years at the Glendora Station. The Federal 8-hour ozone standard has been exceeded between 60 and 95 days each year over the past three years at the Glendora Station.
Ozone is a secondary pollutant as it is not directly emitted. Ozone is the result of chemical reactions between other pollutants, most importantly hydrocarbons and NO 2, which occur only in the presence
of bright sunlight. Pollutants emitted from upwind cities react during transport downwind to produce the oxidant concentrations experienced in the area . Many areas of the SCAQMD contribute to the ozone levels experienced at the monitoring station, with the more significant areas being those directly upwind.
Carbon Monoxide
CO is another important pollutant that is due main ly to motor vehicles. The East San Gabriel Valley Area did not record an exceedance of the state or fe deral 1-hour or 8-hour CO standards for the last three years.
Nitrogen Dioxide
The Glendora Station did not record an exceedance of the State or Federal NO 2 standards for the last
three years.
Sulfur Dioxide
The East San Gabriel Valley Area did not record an exceedance of the State SO 2 standards for the last
three years.
Particulate Matter
During the 2022 to 2024 monitoring period, the Fe deral 24-hour concentration standard for PM10 was exceeded one day in 2024 at the Glendora Statio n. Over the same time period, the State 24-hour standard for PM10 and the Federal annual standard did not record an exceedance at the Glendora Station.
During the 2022 to 2024 monitoring period, the Fe deral 24-hour standard fo r PM2.5 at the Glendora Station was not exceeded. During the same period , the Federal annual standard for PM2.5 and the State annual stand for PM2.5 was not exceeded.
According to the EPA, some people are much more sensitive than others to breathing fine particles (PM10 and PM2.5). People with influenza, chroni c respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and the elderly may suffer worsening illness and premature death due to breathing these fine particles. People with bronchitis can expect aggravated symptoms from breathing in fine particles. Children may experience decline in lung function due to breath ing in PM10 and PM2.5. Other groups considered 101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA Setting
15 sensitive are smokers and people who cannot breathe well through their noses. Exercising athletes are also considered sensitive, because many breathe through their mouths during exercise.
3.1.3 Attainment Status
The EPA and the ARB designate air basins where ambient air quality standards are exceeded as “nonattainment” areas. If standards are met, the area is designated as an “attainment” area. If there is inadequate or inconclusive data to make a defini tive attainment designation, they are considered “unclassified.” National nonattainment areas are fu rther designated as marginal, moderate, serious, severe, or extreme as a function of deviation from standards. Each standard has a different definition, or ‘form’ of what constitutes attainment, based on specific air quality statistics. For example, the Federal 8-hour CO standard is not to be exceeded mo re than once per year; therefore, an area is in attainment of the CO standard if no more than on e 8-hour ambient air monitoring values exceeds the threshold per year. In contrast, the federal annual PM 2.5 standard is met if the three-year average of the annual average PM 2.5 concentration is less than or equal to the standard. Table 5 lists the attainment status for the criteria pollutants in the basin.
Table 5: South Coast Air Basin Attainment Status
Pollutant Averaging Time National Standards1 Attainment Date2 California Standards3 1979
1-Hour Ozone4
1-Hour
(0.12 ppm)
Nonattainment
(Extreme)
11/15/2010
(Not attained4)
Extreme
Nonattainment
1997
8-Hour Ozone5
8-Hour
(0.08 ppm)
Nonattainment
(Extreme) 6/15/2024
Nonattainment 2008
8-Hour Ozone
8-Hour
(0.075 ppm)
Nonattainment
(Extreme) 12/31/2032
2015
8-Hour Ozone
8-Hour
(0.070 ppm) Designations Pending ~2037
CO 1-Hour (35 ppm)
8-Hour (9 ppm)
Attainment
(Maintenance)
6/11/2007
(Attained) Maintenance
NO26 1-Hour (100 ppb)
Annual (0.053 ppm)
Attainment
(Maintenance)
9/22/1998
(Attained) Attainment
SO27
1-Hour (75 ppb) Designations Pending Pending
Attainment 24-Hour (0.14 ppm)
Annual (0.03 ppm)
Unclassifiable/
Attainment
3/19/1979
(Attained)
PM10 24-Hour
(150 μg/m3)
Nonattainment
(Serious)8
12/31/2006
(Redesignation request
submitted)8
Nonattainment
PM2.5 24-Hour (35 μg/m3) Nonattainment
12/31/2006
(Redesignation request
submitted)8
Unclassified
Lead 3-Months Rolling
(0.15 μg/m3)
Nonattainment
(Partial)9 12/31/2015 Nonattainment
(Partial)9
Notes:
1 Obtained from Draft 2012 AQMP, SCAQMD, 2012. EPA often only declares Nonattainment areas; everywhere else is listed as Unclassified/Attainment or Unclassifiable. 2 A design value below the NAAQS for data through the full year or smog season prior to the attainment date is typically required for attainment demonstration. 3 Obtained from http://www.arb.ca.gov/desig/adm/adm.htm. 4 1-hour O 3 standard (0.13 ppm) was revoked, effective June 15, 2005; however, the Basin has not attained this standard based on 2008-2010 data has some continuing obligations under the former standard.
5 1997 8-hour O3 standard (0.08 ppm) was reduced (0.075 ppm), effective May 27, 2008; the 1997 O3 standard and most related implementation rules remain in place until the 1997 standard is revoked by U.S. EPA.
6 New NO2 1-hour standard, effective August 2, 2010; attainment designations June, 2013; annual NO2 standard retained. 7 The 1971 annual and 24-hour SO2 standards were revoked, effective August 23, 2010; however, these 1971 standards will remain in effect until one year after U.S. EPA promulgates area designations for the 2010 SO2 1-hour standard. Area designations expected in 2012, with SSAB designated Unclassifiable/Attainment. 8 Annual PM10 standard was revoked, effective December 18, 2006; redesignation request to Attainment of the 24-hour PM10 standard is pending with U.S. EPA 9 Partial Nonattainment designation - Los Angeles County portion of Basin only. 101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA Modeling Parameters and Assumptions
16 4.0 Modeling Parameters and Assumptions
4.1 Construction
Typical emission rates from construction activities were obtained from CalEEMod Version 2022.1.1.30 CalEEMod is a computer model published by the SCAQ MD for estimating air pollutant emissions. The CalEEMod program uses the EMFAC2021 computer program to calculate the emission rates specific for Los Angeles County for construction-related emplo yee vehicle trips and the OFFROAD2017 computer program to calculate emission rates for heavy tr uck operations. EMFAC2021 and OFFROAD2017 are computer programs generated by CARB that calculates composite emission rates for vehicles.
Emission rates are reported by the program in gram s per trip and grams per mile or grams per running hour. Using CalEEMod, the peak daily air pollutan t emissions were calculated and presented below.
These emissions represent the highest level of emissions for each of the construction phases in terms of air pollutant emissions. Table 6 details the schedule, equipment, and trip generation from construction used in this analysis.
Table 6: Construction Details
Phase
Number
of Days Offroad Equipment Type Amount
Usage
Hours
Daily Trips1
Worker Vendor Hauling
Demolition 22
Concrete/Industrial Saws 1 8
12.5 - 16.4 Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 8
Grading 66
Graders 1 8
10.0 - 18.9 Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 7
Building
Construction 370
Cranes 1 6
24.5 3.63 -
Forklifts 1 6
Generator Sets 1 8
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 6
Welders 3 8
Paving 23
Pavers 1 6
12.5 5.0 -
Cement and Mortar Mixers 1 6
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 6
Paving Equipment 1 8
Rollers 1 7
Architectural
Coating 23 Air Compressors 1 6 4.9 - -
Notes:
1 Worker trips assumed to be automobiles (LDA), vendor tr ips assumed to be medium-heavy duty trucks (MHD), and hauling trips assumed to be heavy-heavy trucks (HHD).
The analysis assesses the emissions associated with the construction of the proposed project as indicated in Table 1. The project was modeled to be operational in 2027 and begin construction second 101 West Huntington Drive Development
Air Quality Impact Study
City of Arcadia, CA Modeling Parameters and Assumptions
17 quarter 2026. The phases of the construction activi ties which have been analyzed below are: 1) demolition of 4,686 square feet of building and 1,802 tons of pavement, 2) grading (including export of on-site vegetation and potential soil up to 1,00 0 cubic yards), 3) building, 4) paving, and 5) architectural coating. Building construction, paving , and architectural coating may potentially overlap and were modeling as occurring simultaneously. For details on construction modeling and construction equipment for each phase, please see Appendix A.
The project will be required to comply with existi ng SCAQMD rules for the reduction of fugitive dust emissions. SCAQMD Rule 403 establishes these proc edures. Compliance with this rule is achieved through application of standard best management pr actices in construction and operation activities, such as application of water or ch emical stabilizers to disturbed soils, managing haul road dust by application of water, covering haul vehicles, restricting vehicle speeds on unpaved roads to 15 mph, sweeping loose dirt from paved site access roadways , cessation of construction activity when winds exceed 25 mph and establishing a permanent, stabiliz ing ground cover on finished sites. In addition, projects that disturb 50 acres or more of soil or move 5,000 cubic yards of materials per day are required to submit a Fugitive Dust Control Plan or a Large Operation Notification Form to SCAQMD. As the project will have a disturbance area of approximately 1.08 acres and the fact that the project won’t export more than 5,000 cubic yards of material a day a Fugitive Dust Control Plan or Large Operation Notification would not be required.
SCAQMD’s Rule 403 minimum requirements require th at the application of the best available dust control measures are used for all grading operations and include the application of water or other soil stabilizers in sufficient quantity to prevent the generation of visible dust plumes. Compliance with Rule 403 would require the use of water trucks during all phases where earth moving operations would occur. Compliance with Rule 403 is required.
4.2 Operations
Operational or long-term emissions occur over the lif e of the Project. Both mobile and area sources generate operational emissions. Area source emissions arise from consumer product usage, heaters that consume natural gas, gasoline-powered landscape equipment, and architectural coatings (painting). Mobile source emissions from motor vehicles are the largest single long-term source of air pollutants from the operation of the Project. Sma ll amounts of emissions would also occur from area sources such as the consumption of natural gas for heating, from landscaping emissions, and consumer product usage. The operational emissions were estimated using the latest version of CalEEMod.
Mobile Sources
Mobile sources include emissions from the additi onal vehicle miles generated from the proposed project. The vehicle trips associated with the prop osed project are based upon traffic analysis for the project from TJW Engineering, which shows a trip generation of 229 trips per day.
The program then applies the emission factors for each trip which is provided by the EMFAC2021 model to determine the vehicular traffic pollutant em issions. The CalEEMod default trip lengths were used in this analysis. Please see CalEEMod output comments sections in Appendix A for details. 101 West Huntington Drive Development
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18 Area Sources
Area sources include emissions from consumer pr oducts, landscape equipment and architectural coatings. Landscape maintenance includes fuel co mbustion emissions from equipment such as lawn mowers, rototillers, shredders/grinders, blowers, trimmers, chain saws, and hedge trimmers, as well as air compressors, generators, and pumps. The analysis included 5,724 square feet of landscaping. As specifics were not known about the landscaping equipment fleet, CalEEMod defaults were used to estimate emissions from landscaping equipment.
Per SCAQMD Rule 1113 as amended on June 3, 2011 , the architectural coatings that would be applied after January 1, 2014 will be limited to an aver age of 50 grams per liter or less and the CalEEMod model default was utilized as the new model takes this rule into account.
Energy Usage
2022.1.1.30 CalEEMod defaults were utilized.
4.3 Localized Construction Analysis
The SCAQMD has published a “Fact Sheet for Applying CalEEMod to Localized Significance Thresholds” (South Coast Air Quality Management District 2011 b). CalEEMod calculates construction emissions based on the number of equipment hours and the maximum daily disturbance activity possible for each piece of equipment. In order to compare CalEEMod reported emissions against the localized significance threshold lookup tables, the CEQA docume nt should contain in its project design features or its mitigation measures the following parameters:
1. The off-road equipment list (including type of equipment, horsepower, and hours of operation) assumed for the day of construction activity with maximum emissions.
2. The maximum number of acres disturbed on the peak day.
3. Any emission control devices added onto off-road equipment.
4. Specific dust suppression techniques used on th e day of construction activity with maximum emissions.
As the project is approximately 1.08 acres, the 1-acre threshold shall be used as it is the most conservative.
The local air quality emissions from construction were analyzed using the SCAQMD’s Mass Rate Localized Significant Threshold Look-up Tables and the methodology described in Localized Significance Threshold Methodology, prepared by SCAQMD, revised July 2008. The Look-up Tables were developed by the SCAQMD in order to readily determine if the daily emissions of CO, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5 from the proposed project could result in a significant impact to the local air quality. The emission thresholds were based on the East San Gabriel Valley source receptor area (SRA 9) and a disturbance of 1 acre per day, the most conservative option, at a distance of 25 meters (82 feet). The closest receptors are located 1.5 meters to the northeast of the site. 101 West Huntington Drive Development
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19 4.4 Localized Operational Analysis
For operational emissions, the screening tables for a disturbance area of 1 acre per day and a distance of 25 meters were used to determ ine significance. The tables were compared to the project’s onsite operational emissions.
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20 5.0 Thresholds of Significance
5.1 Air Quality Thresholds of Significance
5.1.1 CEQA Guidelines for Air Quality
The CEQA Guidelines define a significant effect on the environment as “a substantial, or potentially substantial, adverse change in the environment.” To determine if a project would have a significant impact on air quality, the type, level, and impact of emissions generated by the project must be evaluated.
The following air quality significance thresholds are contained in Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. A significant impact would occur if the project would:
a) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan; b) Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is nonattainment under an applicable national or state ambient air quality standard; c) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations; or d) Result in other emissions (such as those lead ing to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people.
While the final determination of whether a project is significant is within the purview of the Lead Agency pursuant to Section 1506 4(b) of the CEQA Guidelines, SCAQMD recommends that its quantitative air pollution thresholds be used to determ ine the significance of project emissions. If the Lead Agency finds that the project has the potent ial to exceed these air pollution thresholds, the project should be considered to have significant air quality impacts. There are daily emission thresholds for construction and operation of a proposed project in the basin.
5.1.2 Regional Significance Thres holds for Construction Emissions The following CEQA significance thresholds for construction emissions are established for the Basin (SCAQMD 2023):
x 75 pounds per day (lbs/day) of VOC
x 100 lbs/day of NOx
x 550 lbs/day of CO
x 150 lbs/day of PM10
x 55 lbs/day of PM2.5
x 150 lbs/day of SO2
Projects in the basin with construction-related emi ssions that exceed any of the emission thresholds are considered to be significant under SCAQMD guidelines.
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City of Arcadia, CA Thresholds of Significance
21 5.1.3 Regional Significance Thre sholds for Operational Emissions The daily operational emissions significance thresholds for the basin are as follows (SCAQMD 2023):
x 55 pounds per day (lbs/day) of VOC
x 55 lbs/day of NOx
x 550 lbs/day of CO
x 150 lbs/day of PM10
x 55 lbs/day of PM2.5
x 150 lbs/day of SO2
Local Microscale Concentration Standards The significance of localized project impacts under CEQA depends on whether ambient CO levels in the vici nity of the project are above or below State and federal CO standards. If ambient levels are below the standards, a project is considered to have a significant impact if project emissions result in an exceedance of one or more of these standards. If ambient levels already exceed a State or federal st andard, project emissions are considered significant if they increase 1-hour CO concentrations by 1.0 ppm or more or 8-hour CO concentrations by 0.45 ppm or more. The following are applicable local emission concentration standards for CO:
x California State 1-hour CO standard of 20.0 ppm
x California State 8-hour CO standard of 9.0 ppm
5.1.4 Thresholds for Lo calized Significance
Project-related construction air emissions may have the potential to exceed the State and Federal air quality standards in the project vicinity, even thou gh these pollutant emissions may not be significant enough to create a regional impact to the South Coast Air Basin. In order to assess local air quality impacts the SCAQMD has developed Localized Signif icant Thresholds (LSTs) to assess the project- related air emissions in the project vicinity. The SC AQMD has also provided Final Localized Significant Threshold Methodology (LST Methodology), June 2003, which details the methodology to analyze local air emission impacts. The Localized Significan t Threshold Methodology found that the primary emissions of concern are NO2, CO, PM10, and PM2.5.
The emission thresholds were calculated based on the East San Gabriel Valley source receptor area (SRA 9) and a disturbance of 1 acre per day at a dist ance of 25 meters (82 feet), for construction and 1 acre a day for screening of localized operational emissions. 101 West Huntington Drive Development
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22 6.0 Air Quality Emissions Impact
6.1 Construction Air Quality Emissions Impact
The latest version of CalEEMod (version 2022.1.1.3 0) was used to estimate the onsite and offsite construction emissions. The emissions incorporate Ru le 402 and 403. Rule 402 and 403 (fugitive dust) are not considered mitigation measures as the projec t by default is required to incorporate these rules during construction.
6.1.1 Regional Construction Emissions
The construction emissions for the project would not exceed the SCAQMD’s daily emission thresholds at the regional level as demonstrated in Table 7, and therefore would be considered less than significant. Table 7 represents the highest emissions from winter or summer.
Table 7: Regional Significance - Construction Emissions (pounds/day)
Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)
Activity VOC NOx CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
Demolition
On-Site2 1.39 12.90 14.60 0.02 1.37 0.60
Off-Site3 0.07 1.93 1.55 0.01 0.61 0.18
Total 1.46 14.83 16.15 0.03 1.98 0.78
Grading
On-Site2 1.42 12.90 14.00 0.02 3.34 1.87
Off-Site3 0.04 0.20 0.71 0.00 0.17 0.04
Total 1.46 13.10 14.71 0.02 3.51 1.91
Building Construction
On-Site2 1.01 8.57 9.96 0.02 0.29 0.27
Off-Site3 0.09 0.21 1.64 0.00 0.35 0.09
Total 1.10 8.78 11.60 0.02 0.64 0.36
Paving
On-Site2 0.46 4.30 6.49 0.01 0.17 0.16
Off-Site3 0.04 0.22 0.72 0.00 0.20 0.05
Total 0.50 4.52 7.21 0.01 0.37 0.21
Architectural Coating
On-Site2 15.01 0.83 1.13 0.00 0.02 0.02
Off-Site3 0.02 0.02 0.25 0.00 0.06 0.02
Total 15.03 0.85 1.38 0.00 0.08 0.04
Total of overlapping phases4 16.63 14.15 20.19 0.03 1.09 0.61 Maximum Daily Emissions 16.63 14.83 20.19 0.03 3.51 1.91 SCAQMD Thresholds 75 100 550 150 150 55
Exceeds Thresholds No No No No No No
Notes:
1 Source: CalEEMod Version 2022.1.1.30
2 On-site emissions from equipment operated on-site that is not operated on public roads. 3 Off-site emissions from equipment operated on public roads. 4 Building construction, architectural coatings and paving have the potential to overlap. Combined emissions of those phases are presented for a conservative analysis.
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23 6.1.2 Localized Cons truction Emissions
The data provided in Table 8 shows that none of the analyzed criteria pollutants would exceed the local emissions thresholds at the nearest sensitive recept ors. Therefore, a less than significant local air quality impact would occur from construction of the proposed project.
Table 8: Localized Significance – Construction
Phase
On-Site Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)1
NOx CO PM10 PM2.5
Demolition 12.90 14.60 1.37 0.60
Grading 12.90 14.00 3.34 1.87
Building Construction 8.57 9.96 0.29 0.27
Paving 4.30 6.49 0.17 0.16
Architectural Coating 0.83 1.13 0.02 0.02
Total of overlapping phases2 13.70 17.58 0.48 0.45
Maximum Daily Emissions 13.70 17.58 3.34 1.87
SCAQMD Threshold for 25 meters (82 feet) or less3 89 623 5 3 Exceeds Threshold? No No No No
Notes:
1 Source: Calculated from CalEEMod and SCAQMD’s Mass Rate Look-up Tables for one acre in the East San Gabriel Valley Source Receptor Area (SRA 9). 2 Building construction, architectural coatin gs and paving have the potential to overla p. Combined emissions of those phases are presented for a conservative analysis.
3 The nearest sensitive receptor is located 1.5 meters northeast; therefore, the 25-meter threshold has been used.
6.1.3 Odors
Potential sources that may emit odors during co nstruction activities include the application of materials such as asphalt pavement. The object ionable odors that may be produced during the construction process are of short-term in nature an d the odor emissions are expected cease upon the drying or hardening of the odor producing material s. Diesel exhaust and VOCs would be emitted during construction of the project, which are ob jectionable to some; however, emissions would disperse rapidly from the project site and therefor e should not reach an objectionable level at the nearest sensitive receptors. Due to the short-term nature and limited amounts of odor producing materials being utilized, no significant impact relate d to odors would occur during construction of the proposed project.
The SCAQMD recommends that odor impacts be addressed in a qualitative manner. Such an analysis shall determine whether the project would result in excessive nuisance odors, as defined under the California Code of Regulations and Section 41700 of the California Health and Safety Code, and thus would constitute a public nuisance related to air quality.
Potential sources that may emit odors during the on -going operations of the proposed project would include odor emissions from the trash storage areas an d vehicle emissions. Due to the distance of the nearest receptors from the project site and through compliance with SCAQMD’s Rule 402 no significant impact related to odors would occur during the on-going operations of the proposed project. 101 West Huntington Drive Development
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24 6.1.4 Construction-Related To xic Air Contaminant Impact The greatest potential for toxic air contaminant em issions would be related to diesel particulate emissions associated with heavy equipment operatio ns during construction of the proposed project.
The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has issued the Air Toxic Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines and Guidance Manual for the Preparation of Health Risk Assessments, February 2015 to provide a description of the algorithms, recommended exposure variates, cancer and noncancer health values, and the air modeling protocols needed to perform a health risk assessment (HRA) under the Air Toxics Hot Spots Information and Assessment Act of 1987.
Hazard identification includes identifying all substanc es that are evaluated for cancer risk and/or non- cancer acute, 8-hour, and chronic health impacts. In addition, identifying any multi-pathway substances that present a cancer risk or chronic non-cancer hazard via non-inhalation routes of exposure.
Given the relatively limited number of heavy-duty construction equipment and construction schedule, the proposed project would not result in a long-t erm substantial source of toxic air containment emissions and corresponding individual cancer risk . Furthermore, construction-based particulate matter (PM) emissions (including diesel exhaust emissions) do not exceed any local or regional thresholds. Therefore, no significant short-term toxic air contaminant impacts would occur during construction of the proposed project.
6.2 Operational Air Quality Emissions Impact
6.2.1 Regional Operational Emissions
The operations-related criteria air quality impacts created by the proposed project have been analyzed through the use of CalEEMod model. The operating emissions were based on year 2027. The summer and winter emissions created by the proposed projec t’s long-term operations were calculated and the highest emissions from either summer or winter are summarized in Table 9.
Table 9: Regional Significance - Unmitigated Operational Emissions (lbs/day)
Activity
Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)1
VOC NOx CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
Area Sources2 1.43 0.02 1.93 0.00 0.00 0.00
Energy Usage3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mobile Sources4 0.72 0.53 6.24 0.02 1.44 0.37
Total Emissions 2.15 0.55 8.17 0.02 1.44 0.37
SCAQMD Thresholds 55 55 550 150 150 55
Exceeds Threshold? No No No No No No
Notes:
1 Source: CalEEMod Version 2022.1.1.30
2 Area sources consist of emissions from consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscaping equipment. 3 Energy usage consists of emissions from on-site natural gas usage. 4 Mobile sources consist of emissions from vehicles and road dust.
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25 Table 9 provides the project's unmitigated operati onal emissions. Table 10 shows that the project does not exceed the SCAQMD daily emission th reshold and regional operational emissions are considered to be less than significant.
6.2.2 Localized Operational Emissions
Table 10 shows the calculated emissions for the proposed operational activities compared with appropriate LSTs. The LST analysis only includes on-site sources; however, the CalEEMod software outputs do not separate on-site and off-site emission s for mobile sources. For a worst-case scenario assessment, the emissions shown in Table 10 include all on-site project-related stationary sources and 10% of the project-related new mobile sources. This percentage is an estimate of the amount of project-related new vehicle traffic that will occur on-site.
Table 10: Localized Significance – Unmitigated Operational Emissions
On-Site Emission Source
On-Site Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)1
NOx CO PM10 PM2.5
Area Sources2 0.02 1.93 0.00 0.00
Energy Usage3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
On-Site Vehicle Emissions4 0.05 0.62 0.14 0.04
Total Emissions 0.07 2.55 0.14 0.04
SCAQMD Threshold for 25 meters (82 feet)5 89 623 2 1
Exceeds Threshold? No No No No
Notes:
1 Source: Calculated from CalEEMod and SCAQ MD’s Mass Rate Look-up Tables for one acre in the East San Gabriel Valley Source Rece ptor Area (SRA 9).
2 Area sources consist of emissions from consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscaping equipment. 3 Energy usage consists of emissions from generation of electricity and on-site natural gas usage. 4 On-site vehicular emissions based on 1/10 of the gross vehicular emissions and road dust. 5 The nearest sensitive receptor is located 12 meters north; therefore, the 25-meter threshold has been used.
Table 10 indicates that the local operational emission would not exceed the LST thresholds at the nearest sensitive receptors, located adjacent to the project. Therefore, the project will not result in significant Localized Operational emissions.
6.3 CO Hot Spot Emissions
CO is the pollutant of major concern along roadways because the most notable source of CO is motor vehicles. For this reason, CO concentrations are usually indicative of the local air quality generated by a roadway network and are used as an indicator of potential local air quality impacts. Local air quality impacts can be assessed by comparing future withou t and with project CO levels to the State and Federal CO standards which were presented in above in Section 5.0.
To determine if the proposed project could cause emission levels in excess of the CO standards discussed above in Section 5.0, a sensitivity analysis is typically conducted to determine the potential for CO “hot spots” at a number of intersections in the general project vicinity. Because of reduced speeds and vehicle queuing, “hot spots” potentially can occur at high traffic volume intersections with a Level of Service E or worse.
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26 Micro-scale air quality emissions have traditionally been analyzed in environmental documents where the air basin was a non-attainment area for CO. However, the SCAQMD has demonstrated in the CO attainment redesignation request to EPA that there are no “hot spots” anywhere in the air basin, even at intersections with much higher volumes, much worse congestion, and much higher background CO levels than anywhere in the City of Arcadia. If th e worst-case intersections in the air basin have no “hot spot” potential, any local impacts will be below thresholds.
Traffic data from CalEEMod showed that the proj ect would generate 229 trips per day. The 1992 Federal Attainment Plan for Carbon Monoxide (1992 CO Plan) showed that an intersection which has a daily traffic volume of approximately 100,000 vehicl es per day would not violate the CO standard. The volume of traffic at project buildout would be we ll below 100,000 vehicles and below the necessary volume to even get close to causing a violation of the CO standard. Therefore no CO “hot spot” modeling was performed and no significant long-ter m air quality impact is anticipated to local air quality with the on-going use of the proposed project.
6.4 Cumulative Regional Air Quality Impacts
Cumulative projects include local development as well as general growth within the project area.
However, as with most development, the greatest source of emissions is from mobile sources, which travel well out of the local area. Therefore, from an air quality standpoint, the cumulative analysis would extend beyond any local projects and when wi nd patterns are considered, would cover an even larger area. Accordingly, the cumulative analysis for the project’s air quality must be generic by nature.
The project area is out of attainment for both oz one and PM10 particulate matter. Construction and operation of cumulative projects will further degrade the local air quality, as well as the air quality of the South Coast Air Basin. The greatest cumulative im pact on the quality of regional air cell will be the incremental addition of pollutants mainly from in creased traffic from residential, commercial, and industrial development and the use of heavy equipment and trucks associated with the construction of these projects. Air quality will be temporarily de graded during construction activities that occur separately or simultaneously. However, in accord ance with the SCAQMD methodology, projects that do not exceed the SCAQMD criteria or can be mitigate d to less than criteria levels are not significant and do not add to the overall cumulative impact. Th e project does not exceed any of the thresholds of significance and therefore is considered less than significant.
6.5 Air Quality Compliance
The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires a discussion of any inconsistencies between a proposed project and applicable General Plans and Regional Plans (CEQA Guidelines Section 15125).
The regional plan that applies to the proposed project includes the SCAQMD Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP). Therefore, this section discusses any potential inconsistencies of the proposed project with the AQMP.
The purpose of this discussion is to set forth the issues regarding consistency with the assumptions and objectives of the AQMP and discuss whether the pr oposed project would interfere with the region’s ability to comply with Federal and State air quality st andards. If the decision-makers determine that 101 West Huntington Drive Development
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27 the proposed project is inconsistent, the lead agency may consider project modifications or inclusion of mitigation to eliminate the inconsistency.
The SCAQMD CEQA Handbook states that "New or amended General Plan Elements (including land use zoning and density amendments), Specific Plans, and significant projects must be analyzed for consistency with the AQMP." Strict consistency with all aspects of the plan is usually not required A proposed project should be considered to be consis tent with the AQMP if it furthers one or more policies and does not obstruct other policies. The SCAQMD CEQA Handbook identifies two key indicators of consistency:
(1) Whether the project will result in an increase in the frequency or severity of existing air quality violations or cause or contribute to new violations, or delay timely attainment of air quality standards or the interim emission reductions specified in the AQMP. (2) Whether the project will exceed the assu mptions in the AQMP in 2022 or increments based on the year of project buildout and phase.
Both of these criteria are evaluated in the following sections.
A. Criterion 1 - Increase in the Fre quency or Severity of Violations Based on the air quality modeling analysis contai ned in this Air Analysis, short-term construction impacts and operational impacts will not result in significant impacts based on the SCAQMD regional and local thresholds of significance. This Air Analysis also found that, long-term operations impacts will not result in significant impacts based on the SCAQMD local and regional thresholds of significance.
Therefore, the proposed project is not projected to contribute to the exceedance of any air pollutant concentration standards and is found to be consistent with the AQMP for the first criterion.
B. Criterion 2 - Exceed Assumptions in the AQMP?
Consistency with the AQMP assumptions is determin ed by performing an analysis of the proposed project with the assumptions in the AQMP. The em phasis of this criterion is to ensure that the analyses conducted for the proposed project are based on the same forecasts as the AQMP. The 2024- 2050 Regional Transportation/Sustainable Communit ies Strategy, prepared by SCAG, 2024, includes chapters on: the challenges in a changing region, creating a plan for our future, and the road to greater mobility and sustainable growth. These chapters currently respond directly to federal and state requirements placed on SCAG. Local governments are required to use these as the basis of their plans for purposes of consistency with applicable regional plans under CEQA. For this project, the City of Arcadia Land Use Plans define the assumptions that are represented in the AQMP.
The site has a current General Plan land use classifi cation of Commercial, which allows for residential uses with densities between 30 and 50 dwelling un its per acre. The proposed use is residential with approximately 31.6 dwelling units per acre. Therefor e, the proposed project would not result in an inconsistency with the land use designation in the City’s General Plan. Therefore, the proposed project is not anticipated to exceed the AQMP assumptions fo r the project site and is found to be consistent with the AQMP for the second criterion.
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28 Based on the above, the proposed project will not re sult in an inconsistency with the SCAQMD AQMP.
Therefore, a less than significant impact will occur.
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29 7.0 CEQA Analysis
The California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines (Appendix G) establishes thresholds for air quality, greenhouse gas, and energy impact analyses as presented below:
Air Quality
Where available, the significance criteria establishe d by the applicable air qua lity management district or air pollution control district may be relied upo n to make the following determinations. Would the project:
(a) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires a discussion of any inconsistencies between a proposed project and applicable General Plans and Regional Plans (CEQA Guidelines Section 15125).
The SCAQMD CEQA Handbook identifies two key indicators of consistency:
(1) Whether the project will result in an increase in the frequency or severity of existing air quality violations or cause or contribute to new violations, or delay timely attainment of air quality standards or the interim emission reductions specified in the AQMP. (2) Whether the project will exceed the assu mptions in the AQMP in 2022 or increments based on the year of project buildout and phase.
Both of these criteria are evaluated in the following sections.
A. Criterion 1 - Increase in the Fre quency or Severity of Violations Based on the air quality modeling analysis contai ned in this Air Analysis, short-term construction impacts and operational impacts will not result in significant impacts based on the SCAQMD regional and local thresholds of significance. This Air Analysis also found that, long-term operations impacts will not result in significant impacts based on the SCAQMD local and regional thresholds of significance.
Therefore, the proposed project is not projected to contribute to the exceedance of any air pollutant concentration standards and is found to be consistent with the AQMP for the first criterion.
B. Criterion 2 - Exceed Assumptions in the AQMP?
Consistency with the AQMP assumptions is determin ed by performing an analysis of the proposed project with the assumptions in the AQMP. The em phasis of this criterion is to ensure that the analyses conducted for the proposed project are based on the same forecasts as the AQMP. The 2024- 2050 Regional Transportation/Sustainable Commun ities Strategy, prepared by SCAG, 2024, includes chapters on: the challenges in a changing region, creating a plan for our future, and the road to greater mobility and sustainable growth. These chapters currently respond directly to federal and state requirements placed on SCAG. Local governments are required to use these as the basis of their plans 101 West Huntington Drive Development
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30 for purposes of consistency with applicable regional plans under CEQA. For this project, the City of Arcadia Land Use Plans define the assumptions that are represented in the AQMP.
The site has a current General Plan land use classifi cation of Commercial, which allows for residential uses with densities between 30 and 50 dwelling un its per acre. The proposed use is residential with approximately 31.6 dwelling units per acre. Therefor e, the proposed project would not result in an inconsistency with the land use designation in the City’s General Plan. Therefore, the proposed project is not anticipated to exceed the AQMP assumptions fo r the project site and is found to be consistent with the AQMP for the second criterion.
Based on the above, the proposed project would not conflict with implementation of the SCAQMD Attainment Plans and impacts are considered to be less than significant. (b) Result in a cumulatively consider able net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard? In accordance with the SCAQMD methodology, projects that do not exceed the SCAQMD criteria or can be mitigated to less than criteria levels are not significant and do not add to the overall cumulative impact. The Project does not exceed any of the thresholds of significance as shown in Tables 7 through 10 and therefore is considered less than significant.
(c) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? The Project would not exceed regional or localized construction or operational emissions thresholds set by the SCAQMD as shown in Tables 7 through 10 and would therefore have a less than significant impact on sensitive receptors.
(d) Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) advers ely affecting a substantial number of people?
Potential sources that may emit odors during the on -going operations of the proposed project would include odor emissions from the trash storage areas an d vehicle emissions. Due to the distance of the nearest receptors from the project site and through compliance with SCAQMD’s Rule 402, a less than significant impact related to odors would occur during the on-going operations of the proposed project.
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City of Arcadia, CA References
31 8.0 References
The following references were used in the preparing this analysis.
California Air Pollution Control Officers Association
2009 Health Risk Assessments for Proposed Land Use Projects
California Air Resources Board
2008 Resolution 08-43
2008 Recommended Approaches for Setting Interim Significance Thresholds for Greenhouse Gases under the California Environmental Quality Act
2008 ARB Recommended Interim Risk Management Po licy for Inhalation-Based Residential Cancer Risk – Frequently Asked Questions
2008 Climate Change Scoping Plan, a framework for change.
2011 Supplement to the AB 32 Scoping Plan Functional Equivalent Document
2013 Revised Emission Factors for Gasoline Ma rketing Operations at California Gasoline Dispensing Facilities
2014 First Update to the Climate Change Scoping Plan, Building on the Framework Pursuant to AB32, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. May.
2018 Historical Air Quality, Top 4 Summary
Governor’s Office of Planning and Research
2008 CEQA and Climate: Addressing Climate Chan ge Through California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Review
2009 CEQA Guideline Sections to be Added or Amended
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
2015 Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines
South Coast Air Quality Management District
1993 CEQA Air Quality Handbook
2005 Rule 403 Fugitive Dust
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32 2007 2007 Air Quality Management Plan
2008 Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology, Revised
2011 Appendix A Calculation Details for CalEEMod
2012 Final 2012 Air Quality Management Plan
2016 Final 2016 Air Quality Management Plan
2022 Final 2022 Air Quality Management Plan
2023 South Coast AQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds
TJW Engineering, Inc.
2025 Arcadia Site Traffic Impact Analysis
Appendix A:
CalEEMod Emission Output
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Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report
Table of Contents
1. Basic Project Information
1.1. Basic Project Information
1.2. Land Use Types
1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector
2. Emissions Summary
2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
2.2. Construction Emissions by Y ear, Unmitigated
2.3. Construction Emissions by Y ear, Mitigated
2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated
2.6. Operations Emissions by Sector, Mitigated
3. Construction Emissions Details
3.1. Demolition (2026) - Unmitigated
3.2. Demolition (2026) - Mitigated
3.3. Grading (2026) - Unmitigated
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3.4. Grading (2026) - Mitigated
3.5. Building Construction (2026) - Unmitigated
3.6. Building Construction (2026) - Mitigated
3.7. Building Construction (2027) - Unmitigated
3.8. Building Construction (2027) - Mitigated
3.9. Paving (2027) - Unmitigated
3.10. Paving (2027) - Mitigated
3.11. Architectural Coating (2027) - Unmitigated
3.12. Architectural Coating (2027) - Mitigated
4. Operations Emissions Details
4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use
4.1.1. Unmitigated
4.1.2. Mitigated
4.2. Energy
4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
4.2.2. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated
4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
4.2.4. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated
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4.3. Area Emissions by Source
4.3.1. Unmitigated
4.3.2. Mitigated
4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use
4.4.1. Unmitigated
4.4.2. Mitigated
4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use
4.5.1. Unmitigated
4.5.2. Mitigated
4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use
4.6.1. Unmitigated
4.6.2. Mitigated
4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type
4.7.1. Unmitigated
4.7.2. Mitigated
4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type
4.8.1. Unmitigated
4.8.2. Mitigated
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4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type
4.9.1. Unmitigated
4.9.2. Mitigated
4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type
4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated
4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated
4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated
4.10.4. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Mitigated
4.10.5. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Mitigated
4.10.6. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Mitigated
5. Activity Data
5.1. Construction Schedule
5.2. Off-Road Equipment
5.2.1. Unmitigated
5.2.2. Mitigated
5.3. Construction Vehicles
5.3.1. Unmitigated
5.3.2. Mitigated
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5.4. Vehicles
5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies
5.5. Architectural Coatings
5.6. Dust Mitigation
5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities
5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies
5.7. Construction Paving
5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors
5.9. Operational Mobile Sources
5.9.1. Unmitigated
5.9.2. Mitigated
5.10. Operational Area Sources
5.10.1. Hearths
5.10.2. Architectural Coatings
5.10.3. Landscape Equipment
5.10.4. Landscape Equipment - Mitigated
5.11. Operational Energy Consumption
5.11.1. Unmitigated
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5.11.2. Mitigated
5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption
5.12.1. Unmitigated
5.12.2. Mitigated
5.13. Operational Waste Generation
5.13.1. Unmitigated
5.13.2. Mitigated
5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment
5.14.1. Unmitigated
5.14.2. Mitigated
5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment
5.15.1. Unmitigated
5.15.2. Mitigated
5.16. Stationary Sources
5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps
5.16.2. Process Boilers
5.17. User Defined
5.18. Vegetation
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5.18.1. Land Use Change
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
5.18.1.2. Mitigated
5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
5.18.1.2. Mitigated
5.18.2. Sequestration
5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
5.18.2.2. Mitigated
6. Climate Risk Detailed Report
6.1. Climate Risk Summary
6.2. Initial Climate Risk Scores
6.3. Adjusted Climate Risk Scores
6.4. Climate Risk Reduction Measures
7. Health and Equity Details
7.1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Scores
7.2. Healthy Places Index Scores
7.3. Overall Health & Equity Scores
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7.4. Health & Equity Measures
7.5. Evaluation Scorecard
7.6. Health & Equity Custom Measures
8. User Changes to Default Data
8.1. Justifications
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1. Basic Project Information
1.1. Basic Project Information
Data Field Value
Project Name Arcadia Multifamily
Construction Start Date 4/1/2026
Operational Y ear 2027
Lead Agency —
Land Use Scale Project/site
Analysis Level for Defaults County
Windspeed (m/s) 0.50
Precipitation (days) 24
Location 34.14024424168507, -118.03536493888936
County Los Angeles-South Coast
City Arcadia
Air District South Coast AQMD
Air Basin South Coast
TAZ 4922
EDFZ 7
Electric Utility Southern California Edison
Gas Utility Southern California Gas
App Version 2022.1.1.31
1.2. Land Use Types
Land Use Subtype Size Unit Lot Acreage Building Area (sq ft) Landscape Area (sq ft)
Special Landscape
Area (sq ft)
Population Description
Condo/Townhouse 34 Dwelling Unit 1.1 54,724 5,724 — 101 — Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector Sector # Measure Title
Energy E-15 Require All-Electric Development
2. Emissions Summary
2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Unmit. 1.5 15 16 0.03 0.58 2.9 3.5 0.53 1.4 1.9 — 4,225 4,225 0.19 0.28 4.1 4,316 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Unmit. 17 14 20 0.03 0.45 0.62 1.1 0.42 0.15 0.56 — 3,718 3,718 0.14 0.08 0.06 3,745 Average
Daily
(Max)
—————————————————
Unmit. 1.7 6.4 8.6 0.02 0.22 0.74 0.96 0.21 0.29 0.50 — 1,684 1,684 0.06 0.04 0.43 1,695 Annual
(Max)
—————————————————
Unmit. 0.32 1.2 1.6 < 0.005 0.04 0.14 0.18 0.04 0.05 0.09 — 279 279 0.01 0.01 0.07 281
2.2. Construction Emissions by Y ear, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Y ear ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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—————————————————Daily -
Summer
(Max)
2026 1.5 15 16 0.03 0.58 2.9 3.5 0.53 1.4 1.9 — 4,225 4,225 0.19 0.28 4.1 4,316 2027 1.1 8.5 11 0.02 0.26 0.35 0.61 0.24 0.08 0.32 — 2,237 2,237 0.09 0.04 1.3 2,253 Daily -
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
2026 1.1 8.8 11 0.02 0.29 0.35 0.65 0.27 0.08 0.35 — 2,229 2,229 0.09 0.04 0.04 2,244 2027 17 14 20 0.03 0.45 0.62 1.1 0.42 0.15 0.56 — 3,718 3,718 0.14 0.08 0.06 3,745 Average
Daily
—————————————————
2026 0.68 5.9 7.0 0.01 0.22 0.74 0.96 0.21 0.29 0.50 — 1,414 1,414 0.06 0.04 0.35 1,427 2027 1.7 6.4 8.6 0.02 0.20 0.26 0.46 0.18 0.06 0.25 — 1,684 1,684 0.06 0.03 0.43 1,695 A n n u a l —————————————————
2026 0.12 1.1 1.3 < 0.005 0.04 0.14 0.18 0.04 0.05 0.09 — 234 234 0.01 0.01 0.06 236 2027 0.32 1.2 1.6 < 0.005 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.04 — 279 279 0.01 0.01 0.07 281
2.3. Construction Emissions by Y ear, Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Y ear ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily -
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
2026 1.5 15 16 0.03 0.58 2.9 3.5 0.53 1.4 1.9 — 4,225 4,225 0.19 0.28 4.1 4,316 2027 1.1 8.5 11 0.02 0.26 0.35 0.61 0.24 0.08 0.32 — 2,237 2,237 0.09 0.04 1.3 2,253 Daily -
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
2026 1.1 8.8 11 0.02 0.29 0.35 0.65 0.27 0.08 0.35 — 2,229 2,229 0.09 0.04 0.04 2,244 2027 17 14 20 0.03 0.45 0.62 1.1 0.42 0.15 0.56 — 3,718 3,718 0.14 0.08 0.06 3,745 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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Average
Daily
—————————————————
2026 0.68 5.9 7.0 0.01 0.22 0.74 0.96 0.21 0.29 0.50 — 1,414 1,414 0.06 0.04 0.35 1,427 2027 1.7 6.4 8.6 0.02 0.20 0.26 0.46 0.18 0.06 0.25 — 1,684 1,684 0.06 0.03 0.43 1,695 A n n u a l —————————————————
2026 0.12 1.1 1.3 < 0.005 0.04 0.14 0.18 0.04 0.05 0.09 — 234 234 0.01 0.01 0.06 236 2027 0.32 1.2 1.6 < 0.005 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.04 — 279 279 0.01 0.01 0.07 281
2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Unmit. 2.2 0.76 8.3 0.02 0.03 1.4 1.5 0.03 0.36 0.39 16 2,064 2,080 1.7 0.07 5.2 2,149 Mit. 2.2 0.55 8.2 0.02 0.01 1.4 1.4 0.01 0.36 0.37 16 1,805 1,821 1.7 0.07 5.2 1,889 %
Reduced
1% 27% 1% 8% 62% — 1% 64% — 4% — 13% 12% 1% — — 12%
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Unmit. 2.0 0.79 5.8 0.02 0.03 1.4 1.5 0.03 0.36 0.39 16 1,994 2,010 1.7 0.07 0.52 2,075 Mit. 2.0 0.58 5.7 0.01 0.01 1.4 1.4 0.01 0.36 0.37 16 1,735 1,751 1.7 0.07 0.52 1,815 %
Reduced
1% 26% 2% 8% 64% — 1% 66% — 4% — 13% 13% 1% — — 13%
Average
Daily
(Max)
—————————————————
Unmit. 2.1 0.81 7.3 0.02 0.03 1.4 1.4 0.03 0.36 0.38 16 2,015 2,031 1.7 0.07 2.4 2,098 Mit. 2.1 0.60 7.2 0.01 0.01 1.4 1.4 0.01 0.36 0.37 16 1,756 1,772 1.7 0.07 2.4 1,838 %
Reduced
1% 26% 1% 8% 62% — 1% 64% — 4% — 13% 13% 1% — — 12%
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Annual
(Max)
—————————————————
Unmit. 0.38 0.15 1.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.26 0.26 < 0.005 0.07 0.07 2.7 334 336 0.28 0.01 0.41 347 Mit. 0.38 0.11 1.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.26 0.26 < 0.005 0.07 0.07 2.7 291 293 0.28 0.01 0.41 304 %
Reduced
1% 26% 1% 8% 62% — 1% 64% — 4% — 13% 13% 1% 1% — 12%
2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Sector ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Mobile 0.72 0.53 6.2 0.02 0.01 1.4 1.4 0.01 0.36 0.37 — 1,556 1,556 0.07 0.06 4.8 1,581 Area 1.4 0.02 1.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 5.2 5.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.2 Energy 0.01 0.21 0.09 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 489 489 0.04 < 0.005 — 491 W a t e r ——————————2 . 4 1 31 60 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 —2 4
W a s t e ——————————1 40 . 0 0 1 41 . 4 0 . 0 0 —4 8
R e f r i g . ———————————————0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9
Total 2.2 0.76 8.3 0.02 0.03 1.4 1.5 0.03 0.36 0.39 16 2,064 2,080 1.7 0.07 5.2 2,149 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Mobile 0.71 0.58 5.7 0.01 0.01 1.4 1.4 0.01 0.36 0.37 — 1,491 1,491 0.08 0.06 0.12 1,512 A r e a 1 . 3 ————————————————
Energy 0.01 0.21 0.09 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 489 489 0.04 < 0.005 — 491 W a t e r ——————————2 . 4 1 31 60 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 —2 4
W a s t e ——————————1 40 . 0 0 1 41 . 4 0 . 0 0 —4 8
R e f r i g . ———————————————0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9
Total 2.0 0.79 5.8 0.02 0.03 1.4 1.5 0.03 0.36 0.39 16 1,994 2,010 1.7 0.07 0.52 2,075 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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Average
Daily
—————————————————
Mobile 0.71 0.59 5.9 0.01 0.01 1.4 1.4 0.01 0.36 0.37 — 1,509 1,509 0.07 0.06 2.1 1,532 Area 1.4 0.01 1.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 3.5 3.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.5 Energy 0.01 0.21 0.09 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 489 489 0.04 < 0.005 — 491 W a t e r ——————————2 . 4 1 31 60 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 —2 4
W a s t e ——————————1 40 . 0 0 1 41 . 4 0 . 0 0 —4 8
R e f r i g . ———————————————0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9
Total 2.1 0.81 7.3 0.02 0.03 1.4 1.4 0.03 0.36 0.38 16 2,015 2,031 1.7 0.07 2.4 2,098 A n n u a l —————————————————
Mobile 0.13 0.11 1.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.26 0.26 < 0.005 0.07 0.07 — 250 250 0.01 0.01 0.34 254 Area 0.25 < 0.005 0.24 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.58 0.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.59 Energy < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 81 81 0.01 < 0.005 — 81 W a t e r ——————————0 . 4 0 2 . 2 2 . 6 0 . 0 4 < 0 . 0 0 5 —3 . 9 W a s t e ——————————2 . 3 0 . 0 0 2 . 3 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 —7 . 9 R e f r i g . ———————————————0 . 0 6 0 . 0 6
Total 0.38 0.15 1.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.26 0.26 < 0.005 0.07 0.07 2.7 334 336 0.28 0.01 0.41 347
2.6. Operations Emissions by Sector, Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Sector ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Mobile 0.72 0.53 6.2 0.02 0.01 1.4 1.4 0.01 0.36 0.37 — 1,556 1,556 0.07 0.06 4.8 1,581 Area 1.4 0.02 1.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 5.2 5.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.2 Energy 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 230 230 0.01 < 0.005 — 231 W a t e r ——————————2 . 4 1 31 60 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 —2 4
W a s t e ——————————1 40 . 0 0 1 41 . 4 0 . 0 0 —4 8
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R e f r i g . ———————————————0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9
Total 2.2 0.55 8.2 0.02 0.01 1.4 1.4 0.01 0.36 0.37 16 1,805 1,821 1.7 0.07 5.2 1,889 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Mobile 0.71 0.58 5.7 0.01 0.01 1.4 1.4 0.01 0.36 0.37 — 1,491 1,491 0.08 0.06 0.12 1,512 A r e a 1 . 3 ————————————————
Energy 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 230 230 0.01 < 0.005 — 231 W a t e r ——————————2 . 4 1 31 60 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 —2 4
W a s t e ——————————1 40 . 0 0 1 41 . 4 0 . 0 0 —4 8
R e f r i g . ———————————————0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9
Total 2.0 0.58 5.7 0.01 0.01 1.4 1.4 0.01 0.36 0.37 16 1,735 1,751 1.7 0.07 0.52 1,815 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Mobile 0.71 0.59 5.9 0.01 0.01 1.4 1.4 0.01 0.36 0.37 — 1,509 1,509 0.07 0.06 2.1 1,532 Area 1.4 0.01 1.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 3.5 3.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.5 Energy 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 230 230 0.01 < 0.005 — 231 W a t e r ——————————2 . 4 1 31 60 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 —2 4
W a s t e ——————————1 40 . 0 0 1 41 . 4 0 . 0 0 —4 8
R e f r i g . ———————————————0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9
Total 2.1 0.60 7.2 0.01 0.01 1.4 1.4 0.01 0.36 0.37 16 1,756 1,772 1.7 0.07 2.4 1,838 A n n u a l —————————————————
Mobile 0.13 0.11 1.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.26 0.26 < 0.005 0.07 0.07 — 250 250 0.01 0.01 0.34 254 Area 0.25 < 0.005 0.24 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.58 0.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.59 Energy 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 38 38 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 38 W a t e r ——————————0 . 4 0 2 . 2 2 . 6 0 . 0 4 < 0 . 0 0 5 —3 . 9 W a s t e ——————————2 . 3 0 . 0 0 2 . 3 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 —7 . 9 R e f r i g . ———————————————0 . 0 6 0 . 0 6
Total 0.38 0.11 1.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.26 0.26 < 0.005 0.07 0.07 2.7 291 293 0.28 0.01 0.41 304 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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3. Construction Emissions Details
3.1. Demolition (2026) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.4 13 15 0.02 0.51 — 0.51 0.47 — 0.47 — 2,494 2,494 0.10 0.02 — 2,503 Demoliti
on
—————1 . 2 1 . 2 —0 . 1 8 0 . 1 8 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.08 0.78 0.88 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 150 150 0.01 < 0.005 — 151 Demoliti
on
—————0 . 0 7 0 . 0 7 —0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.02 0.14 0.16 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 25 25 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 25 Demoliti
on
—————0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 —< 0 . 0 0 5 < 0 . 0 0 5 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.05 0.05 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.04 0.04 — 169 169 0.01 0.01 0.57 172 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.02 1.9 0.74 0.01 0.02 0.43 0.45 0.02 0.12 0.14 — 1,561 1,561 0.09 0.25 3.5 1,641 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 9.8 9.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 10.0 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 0.12 0.04 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 94 94 0.01 0.02 0.09 99 A n n u a l —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.6 1.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.6 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 0.02 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 16 16 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 16
3.2. Demolition (2026) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.4 13 15 0.02 0.51 — 0.51 0.47 — 0.47 — 2,494 2,494 0.10 0.02 — 2,503 Demoliti
on
—————1 . 2 1 . 2 —0 . 1 8 0 . 1 8 ———————
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Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.08 0.78 0.88 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 150 150 0.01 < 0.005 — 151 Demoliti
on
—————0 . 0 7 0 . 0 7 —0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.02 0.14 0.16 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 25 25 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 25 Demoliti
on
—————0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 —< 0 . 0 0 5 < 0 . 0 0 5 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.05 0.05 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.04 0.04 — 169 169 0.01 0.01 0.57 172 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.02 1.9 0.74 0.01 0.02 0.43 0.45 0.02 0.12 0.14 — 1,561 1,561 0.09 0.25 3.5 1,641 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 9.8 9.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 10.0 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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Hauling < 0.005 0.12 0.04 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 94 94 0.01 0.02 0.09 99 A n n u a l —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.6 1.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.6 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 0.02 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 16 16 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 16
3.3. Grading (2026) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.4 13 14 0.02 0.58 — 0.58 0.53 — 0.53 — 2,455 2,455 0.10 0.02 — 2,463 Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————2 . 8 2 . 8 —1 . 3 1 . 3 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.26 2.3 2.5 < 0.005 0.10 — 0.10 0.10 — 0.10 — 444 444 0.02 < 0.005 — 445 Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————0 . 5 0 0 . 5 0 —0 . 2 4 0 . 2 4 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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A n n u a l —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.05 0.42 0.46 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 73 73 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 74 Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————0 . 0 9 0 . 0 9 —0 . 0 4 0 . 0 4 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.04 0.04 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.03 — 135 135 0.01 < 0.005 0.46 137 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 0.15 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.04 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 129 129 0.01 0.02 0.29 135 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 24 24 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 24 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 0.03 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 23 23 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 24 A n n u a l —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.9 3.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 4.0 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.9 3.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 4.1
3.4. Grading (2026) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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O n s i t e —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.4 13 14 0.02 0.58 — 0.58 0.53 — 0.53 — 2,455 2,455 0.10 0.02 — 2,463 Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————2 . 8 2 . 8 —1 . 3 1 . 3 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.26 2.3 2.5 < 0.005 0.10 — 0.10 0.10 — 0.10 — 444 444 0.02 < 0.005 — 445 Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————0 . 5 0 0 . 5 0 —0 . 2 4 0 . 2 4 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.05 0.42 0.46 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 73 73 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 74 Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————0 . 0 9 0 . 0 9 —0 . 0 4 0 . 0 4 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
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—————————————————Daily,
Summer
(Max)
Worker 0.04 0.04 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.03 — 135 135 0.01 < 0.005 0.46 137 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 0.15 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.04 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 129 129 0.01 0.02 0.29 135 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 24 24 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 24 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 0.03 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 23 23 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 24 A n n u a l —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.9 3.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 4.0 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.9 3.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 4.1
3.5. Building Construction (2026) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.0 8.6 10.0 0.02 0.29 — 0.29 0.27 — 0.27 — 1,801 1,801 0.07 0.01 — 1,807 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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—————————————————Daily,
Winter
(Max)
Off-Road
Equipment
1.0 8.6 10.0 0.02 0.29 — 0.29 0.27 — 0.27 — 1,801 1,801 0.07 0.01 — 1,807 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.30 2.6 3.0 0.01 0.09 — 0.09 0.08 — 0.08 — 539 539 0.02 < 0.005 — 541 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.06 0.47 0.54 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.01 — 0.01 — 89 89 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 90 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.09 0.09 1.6 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.08 0.08 — 332 332 0.01 0.01 1.1 337 Vendor < 0.005 0.12 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 113 113 < 0.005 0.02 0.31 119 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.09 0.11 1.3 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.08 0.08 — 314 314 0.01 0.01 0.03 318 Vendor < 0.005 0.13 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 113 113 < 0.005 0.02 0.01 118 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker 0.03 0.03 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.02 — 96 96 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.15 97 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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Vendor < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 34 34 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 35 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 16 16 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 16 Vendor < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.6 5.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 5.9 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.6. Building Construction (2026) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.0 8.6 10.0 0.02 0.29 — 0.29 0.27 — 0.27 — 1,801 1,801 0.07 0.01 — 1,807 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.0 8.6 10.0 0.02 0.29 — 0.29 0.27 — 0.27 — 1,801 1,801 0.07 0.01 — 1,807 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.30 2.6 3.0 0.01 0.09 — 0.09 0.08 — 0.08 — 539 539 0.02 < 0.005 — 541 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
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Off-Road
Equipment
0.06 0.47 0.54 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.01 — 0.01 — 89 89 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 90 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.09 0.09 1.6 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.08 0.08 — 332 332 0.01 0.01 1.1 337 Vendor < 0.005 0.12 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 113 113 < 0.005 0.02 0.31 119 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.09 0.11 1.3 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.08 0.08 — 314 314 0.01 0.01 0.03 318 Vendor < 0.005 0.13 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 113 113 < 0.005 0.02 0.01 118 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker 0.03 0.03 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.02 — 96 96 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.15 97 Vendor < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 34 34 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 35 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 16 16 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 16 Vendor < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.6 5.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 5.9 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.7. Building Construction (2027) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e —————————————————
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Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.97 8.3 9.9 0.02 0.26 — 0.26 0.24 — 0.24 — 1,801 1,801 0.07 0.01 — 1,807 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.97 8.3 9.9 0.02 0.26 — 0.26 0.24 — 0.24 — 1,801 1,801 0.07 0.01 — 1,807 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.69 5.9 7.1 0.01 0.19 — 0.19 0.17 — 0.17 — 1,286 1,286 0.05 0.01 — 1,291 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.13 1.1 1.3 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 213 213 0.01 < 0.005 — 214 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.09 0.08 1.5 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.08 0.08 — 325 325 0.01 0.01 1.0 330 Vendor < 0.005 0.12 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 111 111 < 0.005 0.02 0.29 116 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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Worker 0.09 0.11 1.2 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.08 0.08 — 308 308 < 0.005 0.01 0.03 312 Vendor < 0.005 0.12 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 111 111 < 0.005 0.02 0.01 116 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker 0.06 0.08 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.05 0.05 — 224 224 < 0.005 0.01 0.31 226 Vendor < 0.005 0.09 0.04 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 79 79 < 0.005 0.01 0.09 83 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 37 37 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 37 Vendor < 0.005 0.02 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 13 13 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 14 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.8. Building Construction (2027) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.97 8.3 9.9 0.02 0.26 — 0.26 0.24 — 0.24 — 1,801 1,801 0.07 0.01 — 1,807 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.97 8.3 9.9 0.02 0.26 — 0.26 0.24 — 0.24 — 1,801 1,801 0.07 0.01 — 1,807 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.69 5.9 7.1 0.01 0.19 — 0.19 0.17 — 0.17 — 1,286 1,286 0.05 0.01 — 1,291 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.13 1.1 1.3 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 213 213 0.01 < 0.005 — 214 Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.09 0.08 1.5 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.08 0.08 — 325 325 0.01 0.01 1.0 330 Vendor < 0.005 0.12 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 111 111 < 0.005 0.02 0.29 116 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.09 0.11 1.2 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.08 0.08 — 308 308 < 0.005 0.01 0.03 312 Vendor < 0.005 0.12 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 111 111 < 0.005 0.02 0.01 116 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker 0.06 0.08 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.05 0.05 — 224 224 < 0.005 0.01 0.31 226 Vendor < 0.005 0.09 0.04 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 79 79 < 0.005 0.01 0.09 83 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 37 37 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 37 Vendor < 0.005 0.02 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 13 13 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 14 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.9. Paving (2027) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.46 4.3 6.5 0.01 0.17 — 0.17 0.16 — 0.16 — 992 992 0.04 0.01 — 995 P a v i n g 0 . 0 0 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.03 0.27 0.41 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 62 62 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 63 P a v i n g 0 . 0 0 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.01 0.05 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 10 10 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 10 P a v i n g 0 . 0 0 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
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—————————————————Daily,
Summer
(Max)
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.04 0.05 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.04 0.04 — 157 157 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 159 Vendor < 0.005 0.17 0.08 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.04 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 153 153 0.01 0.02 0.01 159 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 10 10 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 10 Vendor < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 9.6 9.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 10 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.7 1.7 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.7 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.6 1.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.7 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.10. Paving (2027) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.46 4.3 6.5 0.01 0.17 — 0.17 0.16 — 0.16 — 992 992 0.04 0.01 — 995 P a v i n g 0 . 0 0 ————————————————
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Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.03 0.27 0.41 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 62 62 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 63 P a v i n g 0 . 0 0 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.01 0.05 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 10 10 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 10 P a v i n g 0 . 0 0 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.04 0.05 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.04 0.04 — 157 157 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 159 Vendor < 0.005 0.17 0.08 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.04 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 153 153 0.01 0.02 0.01 159 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 10 10 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 10 Vendor < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 9.6 9.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 10 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.7 1.7 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.7 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.6 1.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.7 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.11. Architectural Coating (2027) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.11 0.83 1.1 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 134 134 0.01 < 0.005 — 134 Architect
ural
Coatings
1 5————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.01 0.05 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 8.4 8.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 8.4 Architect
ural
Coatings
0 . 9 4 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 1.4 1.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.4 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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————————————————0.17Architect
ural
Coatings
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.02 0.02 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.02 — 62 62 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 62 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.9 3.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 4.0 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.65 0.65 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.66 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.12. Architectural Coating (2027) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
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Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.11 0.83 1.1 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 134 134 0.01 < 0.005 — 134 Architect
ural
Coatings
1 5————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.01 0.05 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 8.4 8.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 8.4 Architect
ural
Coatings
0 . 9 4 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 1.4 1.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.4 Architect
ural
Coatings
0 . 1 7 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.02 0.02 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.02 — 62 62 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 62 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.9 3.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 4.0 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.65 0.65 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.66 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4. Operations Emissions Details
4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use
4.1.1. Unmitigated
Mobile source emissions results are presented in Sections 2.6. No further detailed breakdown of emissions is available.
4.1.2. Mitigated
Mobile source emissions results are presented in Sections 2.5. No further detailed breakdown of emissions is available.
4.2. Energy
4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
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228—<0 . 0 0 50.01228228———————————Condo/T
ownhous
T o t a l ———————————2 2 8 2 2 8 0 . 0 1 < 0 . 0 0 5 —2 2 8 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
———————————2 2 8 2 2 8 0 . 0 1 < 0 . 0 0 5 —2 2 8
T o t a l ———————————2 2 8 2 2 8 0 . 0 1 < 0 . 0 0 5 —2 2 8 A n n u a l —————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
———————————3 83 8< 0 . 0 0 5 < 0 . 0 0 5 —3 8
T o t a l ———————————3 83 8< 0 . 0 0 5 < 0 . 0 0 5 —3 8
4.2.2. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
———————————2 3 0 2 3 0 0 . 0 1 < 0 . 0 0 5 —2 3 1
T o t a l ———————————2 3 0 2 3 0 0 . 0 1 < 0 . 0 0 5 —2 3 1 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
———————————2 3 0 2 3 0 0 . 0 1 < 0 . 0 0 5 —2 3 1
T o t a l ———————————2 3 0 2 3 0 0 . 0 1 < 0 . 0 0 5 —2 3 1 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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A n n u a l —————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
———————————3 83 8< 0 . 0 0 5 < 0 . 0 0 5 —3 8
T o t a l ———————————3 83 8< 0 . 0 0 5 < 0 . 0 0 5 —3 8
4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
0.01 0.21 0.09 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 262 262 0.02 < 0.005 — 263 Total 0.01 0.21 0.09 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 262 262 0.02 < 0.005 — 263 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
0.01 0.21 0.09 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 262 262 0.02 < 0.005 — 263 Total 0.01 0.21 0.09 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 262 262 0.02 < 0.005 — 263 A n n u a l —————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
< 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 43 43 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 43 Total < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 43 43 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 43
4.2.4. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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CO2eRN2OCH4CO2TNBCO2BCO2PM2.5TPM2.5DPM2.5EPM10TPM10DPM10ESO2CONOxROGLand Use
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 A n n u a l —————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
4.3. Area Emissions by Source
4.3.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Source ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Consum
er
Products
1 . 2 ————————————————
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————————————————0.09Architect
ural
Landsca
pe
Equipme
nt
0.17 0.02 1.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 5.2 5.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.2 Total 1.4 0.02 1.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 5.2 5.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.2 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Consum
er
Products
1 . 2 ————————————————
Architect
ural
Coatings
0 . 0 9 ————————————————
T o t a l 1 . 3 ————————————————
A n n u a l —————————————————
Consum
er
Products
0 . 2 1 ————————————————
Architect
ural
Coatings
0 . 0 2 ————————————————
Landsca
pe
Equipme
nt
0.02 < 0.005 0.24 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.58 0.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.59 Total 0.25 < 0.005 0.24 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.58 0.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.59
4.3.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Source ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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—————————————————Daily,
Summer
(Max)
Consum
er
Products
1 . 2 ————————————————
Architect
ural
Coatings
0 . 0 9 ————————————————
Landsca
pe
Equipme
nt
0.17 0.02 1.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 5.2 5.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.2 Total 1.4 0.02 1.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 5.2 5.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.2 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Consum
er
Products
1 . 2 ————————————————
Architect
ural
Coatings
0 . 0 9 ————————————————
T o t a l 1 . 3 ————————————————
A n n u a l —————————————————
Consum
er
Products
0 . 2 1 ————————————————
Architect
ural
Coatings
0 . 0 2 ————————————————
Landsca
pe
Equipme
nt
0.02 < 0.005 0.24 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.58 0.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.59 Total 0.25 < 0.005 0.24 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.58 0.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.59 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use
4.4.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
——————————2 . 4 1 31 60 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 —2 4
T o t a l ——————————2 . 4 1 31 60 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 —2 4
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
——————————2 . 4 1 31 60 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 —2 4
T o t a l ——————————2 . 4 1 31 60 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 —2 4
A n n u a l —————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
——————————0 . 4 0 2 . 2 2 . 6 0 . 0 4 < 0 . 0 0 5 —3 . 9 T o t a l ——————————0 . 4 0 2 . 2 2 . 6 0 . 0 4 < 0 . 0 0 5 —3 . 9
4.4.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
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Condo/T — — — — — — — — — — 2.4 13 16 0.25 0.01 — 24
T o t a l ——————————2 . 4 1 31 60 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 —2 4
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
——————————2 . 4 1 31 60 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 —2 4
T o t a l ——————————2 . 4 1 31 60 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 —2 4
A n n u a l —————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
——————————0 . 4 0 2 . 2 2 . 6 0 . 0 4 < 0 . 0 0 5 —3 . 9 T o t a l ——————————0 . 4 0 2 . 2 2 . 6 0 . 0 4 < 0 . 0 0 5 —3 . 9
4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use
4.5.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
——————————1 40 . 0 0 1 41 . 4 0 . 0 0 —4 8
T o t a l ——————————1 40 . 0 0 1 41 . 4 0 . 0 0 —4 8
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
——————————1 40 . 0 0 1 41 . 4 0 . 0 0 —4 8
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T o t a l ——————————1 40 . 0 0 1 41 . 4 0 . 0 0 —4 8
A n n u a l —————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
——————————2 . 3 0 . 0 0 2 . 3 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 —7 . 9
T o t a l ——————————2 . 3 0 . 0 0 2 . 3 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 —7 . 9
4.5.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
——————————1 40 . 0 0 1 41 . 4 0 . 0 0 —4 8
T o t a l ——————————1 40 . 0 0 1 41 . 4 0 . 0 0 —4 8
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
——————————1 40 . 0 0 1 41 . 4 0 . 0 0 —4 8
T o t a l ——————————1 40 . 0 0 1 41 . 4 0 . 0 0 —4 8
A n n u a l —————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
——————————2 . 3 0 . 0 0 2 . 3 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 —7 . 9
T o t a l ——————————2 . 3 0 . 0 0 2 . 3 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 —7 . 9
4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use
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4.6.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
———————————————0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9
T o t a l ———————————————0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
———————————————0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9
T o t a l ———————————————0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9
A n n u a l —————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
———————————————0 . 0 6 0 . 0 6
T o t a l ———————————————0 . 0 6 0 . 0 6
4.6.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
———————————————0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9
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T o t a l ———————————————0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
———————————————0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9
T o t a l ———————————————0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9
A n n u a l —————————————————
Condo/T
ownhous
e
———————————————0 . 0 6 0 . 0 6
T o t a l ———————————————0 . 0 6 0 . 0 6
4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type
4.7.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
A n n u a l —————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
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4.7.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
A n n u a l —————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type
4.8.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
A n n u a l —————————————————
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T o t a l —————————————————
4.8.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
A n n u a l —————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type
4.9.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
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A n n u a l —————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
4.9.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
A n n u a l —————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type
4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Vegetatio
n
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
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T o t a l —————————————————
A n n u a l —————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
A n n u a l —————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Species ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
A v o i d e d —————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
Sequest
ered
—————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
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—————————————————Remove
d
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
——————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
A v o i d e d —————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
Sequest
ered
—————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
Remove
d
—————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
——————————————————
A n n u a l —————————————————
A v o i d e d —————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
Sequest
ered
—————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
Remove
d
—————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
——————————————————
4.10.4. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Mitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Vegetatio
n
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
A n n u a l —————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
4.10.5. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Mitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
A n n u a l —————————————————
T o t a l —————————————————
4.10.6. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Mitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Species ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
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A v o i d e d —————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
Sequest
ered
—————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
Remove
d
—————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
——————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
A v o i d e d —————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
Sequest
ered
—————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
Remove
d
—————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
——————————————————
A n n u a l —————————————————
A v o i d e d —————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
Sequest
ered
—————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
Remove
d
—————————————————
S u b t o t a l —————————————————
——————————————————
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5. Activity Data
5.1. Construction Schedule
Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Days Per Week Work Days per Phase Phase Description Demolition Demolition 4/1/2026 4/30/2026 5.0 22 —
Grading Grading 5/1/2026 7/31/2026 5.0 66 —
Building Construction Building Construction 8/1/2026 12/31/2027 5.0 370 — Paving Paving 12/1/2027 12/31/2027 5.0 23 —
Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 12/1/2027 12/31/2027 5.0 23 —
5.2. Off-Road Equipment
5.2.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor Demolition Concrete/Industrial
Saws
Diesel Average 1.00 8.0 33 0.73
Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 1.00 8.0 367 0.40 Demolition Tractors/Loaders/Back
hoes
Diesel Average 3.0 8.0 84 0.37
Grading Graders Diesel Average 1.00 8.0 148 0.41
Grading Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 1.00 8.0 367 0.40 Grading Tractors/Loaders/Back
hoes
Diesel Average 2.0 7.0 84 0.37
Building Construction Cranes Diesel Average 1.00 6.0 367 0.29 Building Construction Forklifts Diesel Average 1.00 6.0 82 0.20 Building Construction Generator Sets Diesel Average 1.00 8.0 14 0.74 Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Back
hoes
Diesel Average 1.00 6.0 84 0.37
Building Construction Welders Diesel Average 3.0 8.0 46 0.45 Arcadia Multifamily Detailed Report, 11/7/2025
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Paving Cement and Mortar
Mixers
Diesel Average 1.00 6.0 10.0 0.56
Paving Pavers Diesel Average 1.00 6.0 81 0.42
Paving Paving Equipment Diesel Average 1.00 8.0 89 0.36 Paving Rollers Diesel Average 1.00 7.0 36 0.38
Paving Tractors/Loaders/Back
hoes
Diesel Average 1.00 8.0 84 0.37
Architectural Coating Air Compressors Diesel Average 1.00 6.0 37 0.48
5.2.2. Mitigated
Phase Name Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor Demolition Concrete/Industrial
Saws
Diesel Average 1.00 8.0 33 0.73
Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 1.00 8.0 367 0.40 Demolition Tractors/Loaders/Back
hoes
Diesel Average 3.0 8.0 84 0.37
Grading Graders Diesel Average 1.00 8.0 148 0.41
Grading Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 1.00 8.0 367 0.40 Grading Tractors/Loaders/Back
hoes
Diesel Average 2.0 7.0 84 0.37
Building Construction Cranes Diesel Average 1.00 6.0 367 0.29 Building Construction Forklifts Diesel Average 1.00 6.0 82 0.20 Building Construction Generator Sets Diesel Average 1.00 8.0 14 0.74 Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Back
hoes
Diesel Average 1.00 6.0 84 0.37
Building Construction Welders Diesel Average 3.0 8.0 46 0.45 Paving Cement and Mortar
Mixers
Diesel Average 1.00 6.0 10.0 0.56
Paving Pavers Diesel Average 1.00 6.0 81 0.42
Paving Paving Equipment Diesel Average 1.00 8.0 89 0.36 Paving Rollers Diesel Average 1.00 7.0 36 0.38
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Paving Tractors/Loaders/Back Diesel Average 1.00 8.0 84 0.37 Architectural Coating Air Compressors Diesel Average 1.00 6.0 37 0.48
5.3. Construction Vehicles
5.3.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Tr ip Type One-Way Trips per Day Miles per Trip Vehicle Mix Demolition Worker 13 19 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Demolition Vendor — 10 HHDT,MHDT
Demolition Hauling 23 20 HHDT
Demolition Onsite truck — — HHDT
Grading Worker 10.0 19 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Grading Vendor — 10 HHDT,MHDT
Grading Hauling 1.9 20 HHDT
Grading Onsite truck — — HHDT
Building Construction Worker 24 19 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Building Construction Vendor 3.6 10 HHDT,MHDT
Building Construction Hauling 0.00 20 HHDT
Building Construction Onsite truck — — HHDT
Paving Worker 13 19 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Paving Vendor 5.0 10 HHDT,MHDT
Paving Hauling 0.00 20 HHDT
Paving Onsite truck — — HHDT
Architectural Coating Worker 4.9 19 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Architectural Coating Vendor — 10 HHDT,MHDT
Architectural Coating Hauling 0.00 20 HHDT
Architectural Coating Onsite truck — — HHDT
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5.3.2. Mitigated
Phase Name Tr ip Type One-Way Trips per Day Miles per Trip Vehicle Mix Demolition Worker 13 19 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Demolition Vendor — 10 HHDT,MHDT
Demolition Hauling 23 20 HHDT
Demolition Onsite truck — — HHDT
Grading Worker 10.0 19 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Grading Vendor — 10 HHDT,MHDT
Grading Hauling 1.9 20 HHDT
Grading Onsite truck — — HHDT
Building Construction Worker 24 19 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Building Construction Vendor 3.6 10 HHDT,MHDT
Building Construction Hauling 0.00 20 HHDT
Building Construction Onsite truck — — HHDT
Paving Worker 13 19 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Paving Vendor 5.0 10 HHDT,MHDT
Paving Hauling 0.00 20 HHDT
Paving Onsite truck — — HHDT
Architectural Coating Worker 4.9 19 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Architectural Coating Vendor — 10 HHDT,MHDT
Architectural Coating Hauling 0.00 20 HHDT
Architectural Coating Onsite truck — — HHDT
5.4. Vehicles
5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies
Non-applicable. No control strategies activated by user.
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5.5. Architectural Coatings
Phase Name Residential Interior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Residential Exterior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Non-Residential Interior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
Architectural Coating 110,816 36,939 0.00 0.00 —
5.6. Dust Mitigation
5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities
Phase Name Material Imported (Cubic
Y ards)
Material Exported (Cubic
Y ards)
Acres Graded (acres) Material Demolished (Ton of
Debris)
Acres Paved (acres)
Demolition 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,018 0.00
Grading — 1,000 6.0 0.00 0.00
Paving 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —
5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies
Control Strategies Applied Frequency (per day) PM10 Reduction PM2.5 Reduction Water Exposed Area 2 61% 61%
Water Demolished Area 2 36% 36%
5.7. Construction Paving
Phase Name Land Use Area Paved (acres) % Asphalt
Paving Condo/Townhouse — 0%
5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors kWh per Y ear and Emission Factor (lb/MWh)
Y ear kWh per Y ear CO2 CH4 N2O
2026 0.00 532 0.03 < 0.005
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2027 0.00 532 0.03 < 0.005
5.9. Operational Mobile Sources
5.9.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Trips/Weekday Trips/Saturday Trips/Sunday Trips/Y ear VMT/Weekday VMT/Saturday VMT/Sunday VMT/Y ear Total all Land Uses 229 229 229 83,585 2,014 2,014 2,014 735,028
5.9.2. Mitigated
Land Use Type Trips/Weekday Trips/Saturday Trips/Sunday Trips/Y ear VMT/Weekday VMT/Saturday VMT/Sunday VMT/Y ear Total all Land Uses 229 229 229 83,585 2,014 2,014 2,014 735,028
5.10. Operational Area Sources
5.10.1. Hearths
Land Use Hearth Type Unmitigated (number) Mitigated (number) Condo/Townhouse Wood Fireplaces 0 0
Condo/Townhouse Gas Fireplaces 0 0
Condo/Townhouse Propane Fireplaces 0 0
Condo/Townhouse Electric Fireplaces 0 0
Condo/Townhouse No Fireplaces 0 0
Condo/Townhouse Conventional Wood Stoves 0 0
Condo/Townhouse Catalytic Wood Stoves 0 0
Condo/Townhouse Non-Catalytic Wood Stoves 0 0
Condo/Townhouse Pellet Wood Stoves 0 0
5.10.2. Architectural Coatings
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— Residential Interior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Residential Exterior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Non-Residential Interior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
undefined 110,816 36,939 0.00 0.00 —
5.10.3. Landscape Equipment
Season Unit Value
Snow Days day/yr 0.00
Summer Days day/yr 250
5.10.4. Landscape Equipment - Mitigated
Season Unit Value
Snow Days day/yr 0.00
Summer Days day/yr 250
5.11. Operational Energy Consumption
5.11.1. Unmitigated
Electricity (kWh/yr) and CO2 and CH4 and N2O and Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Land Use Electricity (kWh/yr) CO2 CH4 N2O Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Condo/Townhouse 156,134 532 0.0330 0.0040 817,032
5.11.2. Mitigated
Electricity (kWh/yr) and CO2 and CH4 and N2O and Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Land Use Electricity (kWh/yr) CO2 CH4 N2O Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Condo/Townhouse 158,076 532 0.0330 0.0040 0.00
5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption
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5.12.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Indoor Water (gal/year) Outdoor Water (gal/year) Condo/Townhouse 1,267,309 98,116
5.12.2. Mitigated
Land Use Indoor Water (gal/year) Outdoor Water (gal/year) Condo/Townhouse 1,267,309 98,116
5.13. Operational Waste Generation
5.13.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Waste (ton/year) Cogeneration (kWh/year)
Condo/Townhouse 25 0.00
5.13.2. Mitigated
Land Use Waste (ton/year) Cogeneration (kWh/year)
Condo/Townhouse 25 0.00
5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment
5.14.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Equipment Type Refrigerant GWP Quantity (kg) Operations Leak Rate Service Leak Rate Times Serviced Condo/Townhouse Average room A/C &
Other residential A/C
and heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 2.5 2.5 10.0
Condo/Townhouse Household
refrigerators and/or
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.12 0.60 0.00 1.00
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5.14.2. Mitigated
Land Use Equipment Type Refrigerant GWP Quantity (kg) Operations Leak Rate Service Leak Rate Times Serviced Condo/Townhouse Average room A/C &
Other residential A/C
and heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 2.5 2.5 10.0
Condo/Townhouse Household
refrigerators and/or
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.12 0.60 0.00 1.00
5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment
5.15.1. Unmitigated
5.15.2. Mitigated
5.16. Stationary Sources
5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps
5.16.2. Process Boilers
5.17. User Defined
5.18. Vegetation
5.18.1. Land Use Change
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres
5.18.1.2. Mitigated
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Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres
5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres
5.18.1.2. Mitigated
Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres
5.18.2. Sequestration
5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year) Natural Gas Saved (btu/year)
5.18.2.2. Mitigated
Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year) Natural Gas Saved (btu/year)
6. Climate Risk Detailed Report
6.1. Climate Risk Summary
Cal-Adapt midcentury 2040–2059 average projections for four hazards are reported below for your project location. These are under Representation Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 which assumes GHG emissions will continue to rise strongly through 2050 and then plateau around 2100.
Climate Hazard Result for Project Location Unit
Temperature and Extreme Heat 26 annual days of extreme heat Extreme Precipitation 9.2 annual days with precipitation above 20 mm Sea Level Rise — meters of inundation depth
Wildfire 17 annual hectares burned
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Temperature and Extreme Heat data are for grid cell in which your project are located. The projection is based on the 98th historical percentile of daily maximum/minimum temperatures from observed historical data (32 climate model ensemble from Cal-Adapt, 2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5). Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3 .7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.
Extreme Precipitation data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The threshold of 20 mm is equivalent to about ¾ an inch of rain, which would be light to moderate rainfall if received over a full day or heavy rain if received over a period of 2 to 4 hours. Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.
Sea Level Rise data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The projections are from Radke et al. (2017), as reported in Cal-Adapt (Radke et al., 2017, CEC-500-2017-008), and consider inundation location and depth for the San Francisco Bay, the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and California coast resulting different increments of sea level rise coupled with extreme storm events. Users may select from four scenarios to view the range in potential inundation depth for the grid cell. The four scenarios are: Norise, 0.5 meter, 1.0 meter, 1.41 meters Wildfire data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The projections are from UC Davis, as reported in Cal-Adapt (2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5), and consider historical data of climate, vegetation, population density, and large (> 400 ha) fire history. Users may select from four model simulations to view the range in potential wildfire probabilities for the grid cell. The four simulations make different assumptions about expected rainfall and temperature are: Warmer/drier (HadGEM2-ES), Cooler/wetter (CNRM-CM5),Average conditions (CanESM2), Range of different rainfall and temperature possibilities (MIROC5). Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.
6.2. Initial Climate Risk Scores
Climate Hazard Exposure Score Sensitivity Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Temperature and Extreme Heat 3 0 0 N/A
Extreme Precipitation N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sea Level Rise 1 0 0 N/A
Wildfire 1 0 0 N/A
Flooding N/A N/A N/A N/A
Drought N/A N/A N/A N/A
Snowpack Reduction N/A N/A N/A N/A
Air Quality Degradation 0 0 0 N/A
The sensitivity score reflects the extent to which a project would be adversely affected by exposure to a climate hazard. Exposure is rated on a scale of1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest exposure.
The adaptive capacity of a project refers to its ability to manage and reduce vulnerabilities from projected climate hazards. Adaptive capacity is rat e do nas c a l eo f1t o5 ,w i t has c o r eo f5 representing the greatest ability to adapt.
The overall vulnerability scores are calculated based on the potential impacts and adaptive capacity assessments for each hazard. Scores do not include implementation of climate risk reduction measures.
6.3. Adjusted Climate Risk Scores
Climate Hazard Exposure Score Sensitivity Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Temperature and Extreme Heat 3 1 1 3
Extreme Precipitation N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sea Level Rise 1 1 1 2
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Wildfire 1 1 1 2
Flooding N/A N/A N/A N/A
Drought N/A N/A N/A N/A
Snowpack Reduction N/A N/A N/A N/A
Air Quality Degradation 1 1 1 2
The sensitivity score reflects the extent to which a project would be adversely affected by exposure to a climate hazard. Exposure is rated on a scale of1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest exposure.
The adaptive capacity of a project refers to its ability to manage and reduce vulnerabilities from projected climate hazards. Adaptive capacity is rat e do nas c a l eo f1t o5 ,w i t has c o r eo f5 representing the greatest ability to adapt.
The overall vulnerability scores are calculated based on the potential impacts and adaptive capacity assessments for each hazard. Scores include implementation of climate risk reduction measures.
6.4. Climate Risk Reduction Measures
7. Health and Equity Details
7.1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Scores
The maximum CalEnviroScreen score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects a higher pollution burden compared to other census tracts in the state.
Indicator Result for Project Census Tract
Exposure Indicators —
AQ-Ozone 85
AQ-PM 71
AQ-DPM 58
Drinking Water 74
Lead Risk Housing 54
Pesticides 0.00
Toxic Releases 70
Traffic 80
Effect Indicators —
CleanUp Sites 75
Groundwater 0.00
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Haz Waste Facilities/Generators 60
Impaired Water Bodies 0.00
Solid Waste 70
Sensitive Population —
Asthma 6.0
Cardio-vascular 7.5
Low Birth Weights 7.3
Socioeconomic Factor Indicators —
Education 43
Housing 10
Linguistic 80
Poverty 28
Unemployment 46
7.2. Healthy Places Index Scores
The maximum Health Places Index score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects healthier community conditions compared to other census tracts in the state.
Indicator Result for Project Census Tract
Economic —
Above Poverty 84.3320929
Employed 68.92082638
Median HI 57.88528166
Education —
Bachelor's or higher 80.67496471
High school enrollment 100
Preschool enrollment 84.88387014
Transportation —
Auto Access 70.20402926
Active commuting 5.915565251
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Social —
2-parent households 35.26241499
Voting 21.00603105
Neighborhood —
Alcohol availability 87.47593995
Park access 34.12036443
Retail density 39.49698447
Supermarket access 46.73424868
Tree canopy 66.75221352
Housing —
Homeownership 46.75991274
Housing habitability 43.07712049
Low-inc homeowner severe housing cost burden 33.1707943 Low-inc renter severe housing cost burden 70.48633389
Uncrowded housing 63.4800462
Health Outcomes —
Insured adults 52.11086873
Arthritis 0.0
Asthma ER Admissions 94.2
High Blood Pressure 0.0
Cancer (excluding skin) 0.0
Asthma 0.0
Coronary Heart Disease 0.0
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 0.0
Diagnosed Diabetes 0.0
Life Expectancy at Birth 97.0
Cognitively Disabled 87.2
Physically Disabled 80.2
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Heart Attack ER Admissions 84.0
Mental Health Not Good 0.0
Chronic Kidney Disease 0.0
Obesity 0.0
Pedestrian Injuries 97.1
Physical Health Not Good 0.0
Stroke 0.0
Health Risk Behaviors —
Binge Drinking 0.0
Current Smoker 0.0
No Leisure Time for Physical Activity 0.0
Climate Change Exposures —
Wildfire Risk 0.0
SLR Inundation Area 0.0
Children 84.9
Elderly 16.5
English Speaking 18.2
Foreign-born 95.7
Outdoor Workers 60.7
Climate Change Adaptive Capacity —
Impervious Surface Cover 34.1
Traffic Density 80.4
Traffic Access 23.0
Other Indices —
Hardship 23.2
Other Decision Support —
2016 Voting 20.4
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7.3. Overall Health & Equity Scores
Metric Result for Project Census Tract
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Score for Project Location (a) 30
Healthy Places Index Score for Project Location (b) 65
Project Located in a Designated Disadvantaged Community (Senate Bill 535) No Project Located in a Low-Income Community (Assembly Bill 1550) No Project Located in a Community Air Protection Program Community (Assembly Bill 617) No a: The maximum CalEnviroScreen score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects a higher pollution burden compared to other census tracts in the state. b: The maximum Health Places Index score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects healthier community conditions compared to other census tracts in the state.
7.4. Health & Equity Measures
No Health & Equity Measures selected.
7.5. Evaluation Scorecard
Health & Equity Evaluation Scorecard not completed.
7.6. Health & Equity Custom Measures
No Health & Equity Custom Measures created.
8. User Changes to Default Data
8.1. Justifications
Screen Justification
Land Use Per site plan
Construction: Construction Phases No site preparation required Operations: Hearths No hearths
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REF: \\pwgisd02\mpmgis$\MPMGIS\projects\mpm\gismaps\wk_2627\lariver_wtrsheds.mxd DATE: 08/22/07 Data contained in this map is produced in whole
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Peak Flow Hydrologic Analysis
File location: P:/C/CVEN-176/Admin/Reports/LID/Preliminary/Appendix A - Calculations/CVEN-176 - DMA A_0.75in.pdf Version: HydroCalc 1.0.3
Input Parameters
Project Name CVEN-176
Subarea ID DMA A_0.75in
Area (ac) 1.05
Flow Path Length (ft) 214.0
Flow Path Slope (vft/hft) 0.01
0.75-inch Rainfall Depth (in) 0.75
Percent Impervious 0.85
Soil Type 6
Design Storm Frequency 0.75 inch storm
Fire Factor 0
LID True
Output Results
Modeled (0.75 inch storm) Rainfall Depth (in) 0.75
Peak Intensity (in/hr) 0.2451
Undeveloped Runoff Coefficient (Cu) 0.1
Developed Runoff Coefficient (Cd) 0.78
Time of Concentration (min) 18.0
Clear Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 0.2007
Burned Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 0.2007
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (ac-ft) 0.0508
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (cu-ft) 2211.3091
Peak Flow Hydrologic Analysis
File location: P:/C/CVEN-176/Admin/Reports/LID/Preliminary/Appendix A - Calculations/CVEN-176 - DMA A_85th.pdf Version: HydroCalc 1.0.3
Input Parameters
Project Name CVEN-176
Subarea ID DMA A_85th
Area (ac) 1.05
Flow Path Length (ft) 214.0
Flow Path Slope (vft/hft) 0.01
85th Percentile Rainfall Depth (in) 1.05
Percent Impervious 0.85
Soil Type 6
Design Storm Frequency 85th percentile storm
Fire Factor 0
LID True
Output Results
Modeled (85th percentile storm) Rainfall Depth (in) 1.05 Peak Intensity (in/hr) 0.3861
Undeveloped Runoff Coefficient (Cu) 0.1277
Developed Runoff Coefficient (Cd) 0.7842
Time of Concentration (min) 14.0
Clear Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 0.3179
Burned Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 0.3179
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (ac-ft) 0.0711
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (cu-ft) 3096.2474
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County of Los Angeles D-1 February 2014
S-1: Storm Drain Message and Signage
Purpose
Waste material dumped into storm drain inlets can adversely impact surface and ground waters. In fact, any material discharged into the storm drain system has the potential to significantly impact downstream receiving waters. Storm drain messages have become a popular method of alerting and reminding the public about the effects of and the prohibitions against waste disposal into the storm drain system. The signs are typically stenciled or affixed near the storm drain inlet or catch basin. The message simply informs the public that dumping of wastes into storm drain inlets is prohibited and/or that the drain ultimately discharges into receiving waters.
General Guidance
x The signs must be placed so they are easily visible to the public. x Be aware that signs placed on sidewalk will be worn by foot traffic.
Design Specifications
x Signs with language and/or graphical icons that prohibit illegal dumping, must be posted at designated public access points along channels and streams within the project area. Consult with Los Angeles County Department of Public Works (LACDPW) staff to determine specific signage requirements for channels and streams.
x Storm drain message markers, placards, concrete stamps, or stenciled language/icons (e.g., “No Dumping – Drains to the Ocean”) are required at all storm drain inlets and catch basins within the project area to discourage illegal or inadvertent dumping. Signs should be placed in clear sight facing anyone approaching the storm drain inlet or catch basin from either side (see Figure D-1 and Figure D-2). LACDPW staff should be contacted to determine specific requirements for types of signs and methods of application. A stencil can be purchased for a nominal fee from LACDPW Building and Safety Office by calling (626) 458-3171. All storm drain inlet and catch basin locations must be identified on the project site map.
Maintenance Requirements
Legibility and visibility of markers and signs should be maintained (e.g., signs should be repainted or replaced as necessary). If required by LACDPW, the owner/operator or homeowner’s association shall enter into a maintenance agreement with the agency or record a deed restriction upon the property title to maintain the legibility of placards and signs.
S-1: Storm Drain Message and Signage
County of Los Angeles D-2 February 2014
Figure D-1. Storm Drain Message Location – Curb Type Inlet Figure D-2. Storm Drain Message Location – Catch Basin/Area Type Inlet
CONCRETE
PERIMETER
County of Los Angeles D-8 February 2014
S-3: Outdoor Trash Storage and Waste Handling Area
Purpose
Stormwater runoff from areas where trash is stored or handled can be polluted. Loose trash and debris can be easily transported by water or wind into nearby storm drain inlets, channels, and/or receiving waters. Waste handling operations (i.e., dumpsters, litter control, waste piles) may be sources of stormwater pollution.
Design Specifications
Wastes from commercial and industrial sites are typically hauled away for disposal by either public or commercial carriers that may have design or access requirements for waste storage areas. Design specifications for waste handling areas are regulated by local building and fire codes and by current County ordinances and zoning requirements. The design specifications, listed below in Table D-3, are recommendations and are not intended to conflict with requirements established by the waste hauler. The design specifications are intended to enhance local codes and ordinances while addressing stormwater runoff concerns. The waste hauler should be contacted prior to the design of trash storage and collection areas to determine established and accepted guidelines for designing trash collection areas. All hazardous waste must be handled in accordance with the legal requirements established in Title 22 of the California Code of Regulations. Conflicts or issues should be discussed with LACDPW staff.
Table D-3. Design Specifications for Outdoor Trash Storage and Waste Handling Area Design Feature Design Specifications
Surfacing x Construct/pave outdoor trash storage and waste handling area with Portland cement concrete or an equivalent impervious surface.
Screens/Covers x Install a screen or wall around trash storage area to prevent off-site transport of loose trash.
x Use lined bins or dumpsters to reduce leaking of liquid wastes. x Use waterproof lids on bins/dumpsters or provide a roof to cover storage area enclosure (LACDPW discretion) to prevent precipitation from entering containers.
Grading/Drainage x Berm and/or grade waste handling area to prevent stormwater run-on. x Locate waste handling area at least 35 feet from storm drains. x Divert drainage from adjoining roofs and pavement away from adjacent trash storage areas.
Signs x Post signs on all dumpsters and/or inside enclosures prohibiting disposal of liquids and hazardous materials in accordance with any waste disposal ordinance.
S-3: Outdoor Trash Storage and Waste Handling Area
County of Los Angeles D-9 February 2014
Accumulated Water
Stormwater runoff, non-stormwater runoff, and spills will accumulate in containment areas and sumps with impervious surfaces. Contaminated accumulated water must be disposed of in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, and cannot be discharged directly to the storm drain or sanitary sewer system without appropriate permitting. Contact LACDPW (1-888-CLEAN-LA) for information regarding discharge of contaminated accumulated water.
Maintenance Requirements
The integrity of structural elements that are subject to damage (e.g., screens, covers, signs) must be maintained by the owner/operator as required by local codes and ordinances. Outdoor trash storage and waste handling areas must be checked periodically to ensure containment of accumulated water and prevention of stormwater run-on. Maintenance agreements between LACDPW and the owner/operator may be required. Failure to properly maintain building and property may subject the property owner to citation.
County of Los Angeles D-19 February 2014
S-8: Landscape Irrigation Practices
Purpose
Irrigation runoff provides a pathway for pollutants (i.e., nutrients, bacteria, organics, sediment) to enter the storm drain system. By effectively irrigating, less runoff is produced resulting in less potential for pollutants to enter the storm drain system.
General Guidance
x Do not allow irrigation runoff from the landscaped area to drain directly to storm drain system.
x Minimize use of fertilizer, pesticides, and herbicides on landscaped areas. x Plan sites with sufficient landscaped area and dispersal capacity (e.g., ability to receive irrigation water without generating runoff).
x Consult a landscape professional regarding appropriate plants, fertilizer, mulching applications, and irrigation requirements (if any) to ensure healthy vegetation growth.
Design Specifications
x Choose plants that minimize the need for fertilizer and pesticides. x Group plants with similar water requirements and water accordingly. x Use mulch to minimize evaporation and erosion.
x Include a vegetative boundary around project site to act as a filter. x Design the irrigation system to only water areas that need it. x Install an approved subsurface drip, pop-up, or other irrigation system.1 The irrigation system should employ effective energy dissipation and uniform flow spreading methods to prevent erosion and facilitate efficient dispersion. x Install rain sensors to shut off the irrigation system during and after storm events. x Include pressure sensors to shut off flow-through system in case of sudden pressure drop. A sudden pressure drop may indicate a broken irrigation head or water line.
x If the hydraulic conductivity in the soil is not sufficient for the necessary water application rate, implement soil amendments to avoid potential geotechnical hazards (i.e., liquefaction, landslide, collapsible soils, and expansive soils). 1 If alternative distribution systems (e.g., spray irrigation) are approved, the County will establish guidelines to implement these new systems.
S-8: Landscape Irrigation Practices
County of Los Angeles D-20 February 2014
x For sites located on or within 50 feet of a steep slope (15% or greater), do not irrigate landscape within three days of a storm event to avoid potential geotechnical instability.
2 x Implement Integrated Pest Management practices.
For additional guidelines and requirements, refer to the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services.
Maintenance Requirements
Maintain irrigation areas to remove trash and debris and loose vegetation. Rehabilitate areas of bare soil. If a rain or pressure sensor is installed, it should be checked periodically to ensure proper function. Inspect and maintain irrigation equipment and components to ensure proper functionality. Clean equipment as necessary to prevent algae growth and vector breeding. Maintenance agreements between LACDPW and the owner/operator may be required. Failure to properly maintain building and property may subject the property owner to citation.
2 As determined by the City of Los Angeles, Building and Safety Division
Drain Inserts MP-52
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 3
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Description
Drain inserts are manufactured filters or fabric placed in a drop inlet to remove sediment and debris. There are a multitude of inserts of various shapes and configurations, typically falling into one of three different groups: socks, boxes, and trays. The sock consists of a fabric, usually constructed of polypropylene. The fabric may be attached to a frame or the grate of the inlet holds the sock. Socks are meant for vertical (drop) inlets. Boxes are constructed of plastic or wire mesh. Typically a polypropylene “bag” is placed in the wire mesh box. The bag takes the form of the box. Most box products are one box; that is, the setting area and filtration through media occur in the same box. Some products consist of one or more trays or mesh grates. The trays may hold different types of media. Filtration media vary by manufacturer. Types include polypropylene, porous polymer, treated cellulose, and activated carbon.
California Experience
The number of installations is unknown but likely exceeds a thousand. Some users have reported that these systems require considerable maintenance to prevent plugging and bypass.
Advantages
Does not require additional space as inserts as the drain inlets are already a component of the standard drainage systems.
Easy access for inspection and maintenance.
As there is no standing water, there is little concern for mosquito breeding.
A relatively inexpensive retrofit option.
Limitations
Performance is likely significantly less than treatment systems that are located at the end of the drainage system such as ponds and vaults. Usually not suitable for large areas or areas with trash or leaves than can plug the insert.
Design and Sizing Guidelines
Refer to manufacturer’s guidelines. Drain inserts come any many configurations but can be placed into three general groups:
socks, boxes, and trays. The sock consists of a fabric, usually constructed of polypropylene. The fabric may be attached to a frame or the grate of the inlet holds the sock. Socks are meant for vertical (drop) inlets. Boxes are constructed of plastic or wire mesh. Typically a polypropylene “bag” is placed in the wire mesh box. The bag takes the form of the box. Most box products are Design Considerations
Use with other BMPs
Fit and Seal Capacity within Inlet
Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals
Bacteria
Oil and Grease
Organics
Removal Effectiveness
See New Development and
Redevelopment Handbook-Section 5.
MP-52 Drain Inserts
2 of 3 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
one box; that is, the setting area and filtration through media occurs in the same box. One manufacturer has a double-box. Stormwater enters the first box where setting occurs. The stormwater flows into the second box where the filter media is located. Some products consist of one or more trays or mesh grates. The trays can hold different types of media. Filtration media vary with the manufacturer: types include polypropylene, porous polymer, treated cellulose, and activated carbon.
Construction/Inspection Considerations
Be certain that installation is done in a manner that makes certain that the stormwater enters the unit and does not leak around the perimeter. Leakage between the frame of the insert and the frame of the drain inlet can easily occur with vertical (drop) inlets.
Performance
Few products have performance data collected under field conditions.
Siting Criteria
It is recommended that inserts be used only for retrofit situations or as pretreatment where other treatment BMPs presented in this section area used.
Additional Design Guidelines
Follow guidelines provided by individual manufacturers.
Maintenance
Likely require frequent maintenance, on the order of several times per year.
Cost
The initial cost of individual inserts ranges from less than $100 to about $2,000. The cost of using multiple units in curb inlet drains varies with the size of the inlet.
The low cost of inserts may tend to favor the use of these systems over other, more effective treatment BMPs. However, the low cost of each unit may be offset by the number of units that are required, more frequent maintenance, and the shorter structural life (and therefore replacement).
References and Sources of Additional Information
Hrachovec, R., and G. Minton, 2001, Field testing of a sock-type catch basin insert, Planet CPR, Seattle, Washington
Interagency Catch Basin Insert Committee, Evaluation of Commercially-Available Catch Basin Inserts for the Treatment of Stormwater Runoff from Developed Sites, 1995 Larry Walker Associates, June 1998, NDMP Inlet/In-Line Control Measure Study Report Manufacturers literature
Santa Monica (City), Santa Monica Bay Municipal Stormwater/Urban Runoff Project - Evaluation of Potential Catch basin Retrofits, Woodward Clyde, September 24, 1998 Drain Inserts MP-52
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 3
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Woodward Clyde, June 11, 1996, Parking Lot Monitoring Report, Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program.
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PROJECT INFORMATION
PROJECT NAME: CVEN-176 (Arcadia 1)
PROJECT CITY: Arcadia
PROJECT STATE: California
COMPANY: C&V Consulting
SITE TYPE: Residential
SYSTEM DESIGN
Inputs
Measured
Infiltration
Rate
Water
Quality
Volume (or
Flow Rate)
Required
Drawdown
Time
Min Depth
to
Infiltration
Depth to
Groundwater
Depth to
Deepest
Inlet
Below Rim
System Type Name of Drainage
Area
(in/hr)
Factor
of
Safety
(cf) or (cfs) (hrs) (ft) (ft) (ft)
Cover
Type
Maxwell IV DMA A 10.20 4.00 3,096.00 48.0 10.0 94.00 10.00 Solid Cover
System Design
Total
Drywell
Depth
Chamber Depth Infiltration
Flow Rate per
Drywell
Volume
Provided Per
Drywell
Total
Flow
Rate
Total
Volume
Provided
Total Volume
Infiltrated within
Drawdown Time
Name of
Drainage Area
# of
Drywells
Needed
(ft) (ft) (cfs) (cf) (cfs) (cf) (cf)
DMA A 1 40 20 0.01853 351.7 0.01853 351.7 3,201
AZ Lic. ROC070465 A, ROC047067 B-4, ADWR 363
CA Lic. 886759, C-42, C-57, HAZ.
Also licensed in the following states: MT, NM, NV, OR, TX, UT, and WA.
U.S. Patent No. 4,923,330 - TM Trademark 1974, 1990, 2004
ITEM NUMBERS
1. MANHOLE CONE - MODIFIED FLAT BOTTOM.
2. BOLTED RING & GRATE/COVER - DIAMETER & TYPE AS
SHOWN. CLEAN CAST IRON WITH WORDING "STORM
WATER ONLY" IN RAISED LETTERS. BOLTED IN 2
LOCATIONS AND SECURED TO CONE WITH MORTAR.
RIM ELEVATION ±0.02' OF PLANS.
3. STABILIZED BACKFILL - TWO-SACK SLURRY MIX.
4. PRE-CAST LINER - 4000 PSI CONCRETE 48" ID. X 54" OD.
CENTER IN HOLE AND ALIGN SECTIONS TO MAXIMIZE
BEARING SURFACE.
5. INLET PIPE/OUTLET PIPE (BY OTHERS). SEE SEPARATE
PLAN FOR INVERT ELEVATIONS.
6. GRADED BASIN OR PAVING (BY OTHERS).
7. COMPACTED BASE MATERIAL , IF REQUIRED (BY
OTHERS).
8. FREEBOARD DEPTH VARIES WITH INLET PIPE
ELEVATION. INCREASE SETTLING CHAMBER DEPTH AS
NEEDED TO MAINTAIN ALL INLET PIPE ELEVATIONS
ABOVE RISER PIPE.
9. NON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILE SLEEVE - MIRAFI 140 NL. MIN.
6 FT Ø. HELD APPROX. 10 FEET OFF THE BOTTOM OF
EXCAVATION.
10. PUREFLO
® DEBRIS SHIELD - ROLLED 16 GA. STEEL X 24"
LENGTH WITH VENTED ANTI-SIPHON AND INTERNAL
0.265" MAX. SWO FLATTENED EXPANDED STEEL SCREEN
X 12" LENGTH. FUSION BONDED EPOXY COATED.
11. MIN. 6' Ø DRILLED SHAFT.
12. RISER PIPE - SCH. 40 PVC MATED TO DRAINAGE PIPE AT BASE SEAL.
13. DRAINAGE PIPE - ADS HIGHWAY GRADE OR SCH. 40 PVC
WITH TRI-A COUPLER. SUSPEND PIPE DURING BACKFILL
OPERATIONS. DIAMETER AS NOTED.
14. ROCK - WASHED, SIZED BETWEEN 3/8" AND 1-1/2".
15. FLOFAST ® DRAINAGE SCREEN - SCH. 40 PVC 0.120"
SLOTTED WELL SCREEN WITH 32 SLOTS PER ROW/FT.
OVERALL LENGTH VARIES, UP TO 120" WITH TRI-B
COUPLER.
16. ABSORBENT - HYDROPHOBIC PETROCHEMICAL
SPONGE. MIN. 128 OZ. CAPACITY. TYPICAL, 2 PER
CHAMBER.
17. FABRIC SEAL - U.V. RESISTANT GEOTEXTILE - TO BE
REMOVED BY CUSTOMER AT PROJECT COMPLETION.
GRATED ONLY.
18. MIN 4' Ø DRILLED SHAFT.
19. BASE SEAL - CONCRETE SLURRY
20. 6 PERFORATIONS MINIMUM PER FOOT, 2 ROWS
MINIMUM.
ESTIMATED TOTAL DEPTH WITH 10' PENETRATION INTO PERMEABLE SOILS
SETTLING CHAMBER DEPTH
2 30" Ø SOLID
DEPTH OF SLURRY
1 176
3 8
11 10
16 6" Ø
12 4
14 13
15 18
14 3
9 9
19 20
RISER HEIGHT
5 7
IV-4-SS-CA
䒆
CVEN-176 (Arcadia 1):
Drainage Area 1 - DMA A
Arcadia, California
An evolution of McGuckin Drilling
www.torrentresources.com
CALIFORNIA 909-829-0740
ARIZONA 602-268-0785
Manufactured and Installed by
®
REVISED BY:
REVISED DATE:
DETAIL :
DRAWN ON:
DRAINAGE SYSTEM DETAILS AND SPECIFICATIONS
SCALE:
N.T.S
10'
INLET PIPE
INVERT
40'
20'
16'
<10'
05-14-19 09-02-24
OI
THERE'S A LOT MORE TO US
BELOW THE SURFACE.
The watermark for drainage solutions.
DEPTH OF EXPERIENCE.
Since 1972, Torrent Resources has set the standard in the design and construction of water drainage systems. In fact, the company revolutionized the industry with its exclusive, patented MaxWell
TM Systems – products
unmatched in efficiency and reliability by any other type of stormwater disposal application. Today, more than 40,000 MaxWell drywells have been installed throughout the western United States.
Formerly known as McGuckin Drilling, the company changed its name to Torrent Resources to better reflect the continual evolution of its products and services. Innovative and creative solutions to address customer needs, coupled with ongoing research and development, have helped Torrent remain at the forefront of drainage system technology.
Today, Torrent’s unique ability to react to changing market conditions, and provide strong engineering and product development solutions, has led to their recognition as being much more than a drilling company. Torrent is now considered “the industry source” for drainage resource management.
COMPANY ACCOMPLISHMENTS
First licensed as a drainage contractor, Torrent Resources has evolved into a full-service solutions partner to address ever-growing customer needs in New Mexico, Nevada, California, and Arizona, the company’s corporate headquarters.
The Original MaxWell TM In 1974, Torrent created the first truly engineered drywell – a cost-effective drainage system that was developed for high- volume applications, revolutionizing the drainage industry.
The MaxWellTM III The next evolution was a performance model with higher flow rates, plus full settling and filtering ability. It was ideal for medium to high volume stormwater applications, and depths up to 120 feet or greater with no increase in cost.
The Maxwell TM IV Currently the industry standard for draining landscaped developments and paved areas in most municipalities. It also incorporates the latest refinements in pre-treatment technology.
The MaxWell TM Plus Designed for draining large paved surfaces, nuisance water and other demanding municipal applications. This drainage system also integrates more comprehensive pre-treatment technology with higher capacity and control capabilities.
The Envibro TM System Specifically created for environmentally sensitive properties, this system is ideal for handling the processing and disposal of surface water runoff from service stations, industrial sites and sites requiring special drainage applications.
The Torrent Partnership Industry expertise has made Torrent a valued partner not only in site development and drainage system design, but also in complex retention and municipal recharge programs. “The professional staff is responsive to our needs in the field as well as during the pre-construction phase. They always make the greatest effort to meet our schedules and maintain the project budget. ” Michael J. Mongelli
hardison/downey construction, inc.
Phoenix, Arizona
Meeting schedules and maintaining budgets.
CURRENT KNOWLEDGE.
Torrent Resources has set industry standards through its extensive knowledge of site geology and drainage technology.
The company has developed a comprehensive geological database detailing soil conditions on every boring and excavation completed since 1975. These geological logs are used for profiling, and are cross-referenced to map books and installation information. At any given site, Torrent can provide invaluable data to civil engineers to accurately predict drilling conditions and expected overall depth of wells. This knowledge allows for system design and pricing that is best suited to client needs. Years of experience in the field have made Torrent a valued partner in site development and drainage system design. Where specialized solutions are required, the Torrent team is often called upon to provide a customized approach.
Expertise in the planning stage is equaled only by the company’s commitment to quality control in the construction phase. Each system’s internal components are manufactured and installed exclusively by Torrent’s team of drainage specialists, using state-of-the-art materials, construction techniques and equipment.
OUR DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Research and Design Torrent works in collaboration with civil engineers to develop comprehensive drainage systems for a variety of sites.
Engineering Through geological profiling, Torrent can recommend the right system at the right price.
Budgeting Extensive knowledge of drilling conditions, coupled with a wide variety of system applications, ensure a cost-effective solution.
Application Assistance Depending on soil conditions and disposal needs, Torrent will recommend a standard drainage system or a custom design.
Implementation Pre-fabricated components are constructed in a controlled shop environment and are installed exclusively by experienced crewmembers.
Testing Torrent offers the constant head percolation testing of finished wells, providing site-specific, real-world disposal data.
Maintenance and Services Inspection and maintenance services are offered on all products, including a comprehensive written report, and if needed, recommendations for cleaning or repair.
“Standard Pacific of Arizona, Inc. has contracted 100% of our projects with Torrent Resources for the past 7 years and we have found them to be very thorough, professional and timely in all aspects of their contracts. ” Bruce Schroeder
Vice President of Land Development
Standard Pacific of Arizona, Inc.
Professional, thorough and timely.
“We have had the opportunity to work with Torrent on many levels, and they have always come through for us. They even came to our company to train our managers as to what should be done as far as maintenance, what to look for on a routine inspection, how the system operates, the individual components, etc. ”
Linda S. Moore
Special Projects Manager
Associated Asset Management
Phoenix, Arizona
“Sun State Builders has had the privilege of working with Torrent Resources for several years. We find their work to be of excellent quality and their customer service is superior. We look forward to utilizing their services in all of our projects in the future. ”
Andrea Vallas
Assistant Project Manager
Sun State Builders
Superior customer service.
We always come through.
SERVICE, PURE AND SIMPLE.
Commercial. Retail. Industrial.
Residential. No matter what type of
site drainage is needed, Torrent is
committed to delivering a job “done
right. ” That’s why “close enough” is
never good enough. Every stage of
the drainage system process must
flow with accuracy – from a thorough
technical analysis of the project to
the right combination of drainage
features to precise installation.
Excellence demonstrated every step
of the way is a company promise.
This system approach also affords
Torrent the flexibility to apply
innovative solutions to the toughest
assignments.
BOTTOMLESS INNOVATION.
Specialized market needs have led to innovative solutions at Torrent Resources:
Recharge Programs Torrent specializes in cost-effective systems that utilize surplus water from many sources as a beneficial component of a valuable community resource.
To help supplement existing water supplies, Torrent has been at the forefront of the development of recharge programs for numerous municipalities. Limitless quantities of allocated and reclaimed water are stored in underground aquifers
for reuse elsewhere – simply by implementing a high-tech, high-capacity gravity recharge system that works 24/7, 365 days each year.
Evaluation of Outdated Drainage Systems Existing sites
that have been impacted by industrial processes may have outdated drainage systems. In these situations, Torrent can provide an evaluation, as well as remediation efforts and site redesign to conform to current regulatory standards.
Pattern Drilling/Soil Remediation Torrent has been
instrumental in the development of pattern drilling, a
highly efficient method of remediation for sites with soil contamination. A process of systematically drilling, evaluating and replacing contaminated soil with stabilized backfill, it provides for precise, complete removal of the contaminated soil envelope. Success is achieved in a variety of site conditions by using enhanced soil stabilization techniques.
Environmental Applications Understanding the need to provide for proper pretreatment of urban runoff has led Torrent to be actively involved with various government agencies, such as the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality and the California Regional Water Quality Control Boards. Torrent volunteers its time and expertise to contribute real-world experience and solutions that positively impact industry guidelines and regulations. For example, Torrent has partnered with the Maricopa Association of Governments and local
municipalities to address drainage quality issues and provide support toward improvements in Best Management Practices and product application. Furthermore, to answer the specialized need for effective treatment of surface water runoff at sites impacted by industrial activities, Torrent has developed the Envibro
TM drainage system. Utilizing a combination of
advanced materials and processes, industrial by-products such as fuel and oil are trapped and separated from water prior to disposal.
UNIQUE APPLICATIONS
• Torrent was the key partner for the City of Scottsdale pilot recharge program, a 10-year project that led to full implementation of over 65 of the company’s recharge wells at the
Scottsdale Water Campus . Each well adds
over one acre-foot of water a day to the municipality’s future water supply. • The Ford Proving Grounds in Arizona routinely tests different fuels and then flushes the automotive tanks. Torrent’s Envibro TM system catches and treats the runoff, removing the fuel before it drains into a retention area. • Instead of a traditional retention basin, the Lakes at La Quinta in California are used to collect and retain storm water. In order to keep the water at an acceptable level, Torrent partnered with the project engineer to design a drainage control system utilizing MaxWells to dissipate the excess water. The lakes are ringed with these drainage control systems, allowing the water to remain at an acceptable level without negatively impacting the development.
• After the first Gulf War,
Marine Corps. base housing was increased at 29 Palms near Palm Springs, California. Torrent worked with the general contractor, Actus/Sundt, to install a comprehensive on-site wastewater system. Torrent managed and engineered resources to fast-track the high-volume project in order to meet a three-month deadline.
Approximately 152 wastewater disposal systems were installed, including 2.5 miles of precast concrete liner – accomplishing completion of a large-scope project and aggressive deadline that had never been attempted before. “The Maxwell Plus system installation was completed on the day it was scheduled. Percolation testing proved the system would accommodate in excess of 200% of the theoretical requirement! Not only did the MaxWell Plus system solve the problem; we attribute it to saving our investment!” John E. Plount / J.E. Plount and Company, Inc. / Upland, California Solving problems,
protecting investments.
WATERTIGHT SOLUTIONS.
Industry Services
Site Drainage Systems
Stormwater Drywells
French Drains
Piping
Drainage Appurtenances
Pump Systems
Technical Analysis
Design Review
Percolation Testing
Geologic Database
ADEQ Drywell Registration
Recharge Systems
Municipal/Private Recharge Wells
Injection Wells & Galleries
Environmental Applications
Pattern-Drilled Soils/
UST Remediation
Drainage Rehabilitation
Drywell Abandonments
OSHA HAZMAT Certified
Drainage Renovation
Problem Assessment
Site Redesign/Modification
System Retrofit
Drainage Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance
Service Contracts
Drywell Cleaning
CASE STUDIES
• Cities in the high-desert areas of California have large nuisance water flows inundating their stormwater systems. Significant quantities of nuisance water run continuously in storm gutters, filling a development’s retention basins with sediment and water. One of these cities, Palmdale, needed a
system to dispose of the nuisance water without being over- whelmed or deluged by the storm flows. Torrent designed a system that let naturally occurring stormwater pass, but caught, treated and disposed of the lower-volume nuisance water. Torrent’s MaxWell Plus drainage system was modified to be used for this application by providing a specialized inlet structure and metering device, and then installing it at intervals along the flow path. The nuisance flow was contained and effectively drained, allowing the storm water system to function normally.
This system is now the standard for the region.
• Civil engineers originally overdesigned the
Intel plant in Chandler,
Arizona, with 50 drainage systems. The design was based on falling head test criteria that was commonplace at the time, but inaccurate. Torrent recommended conducting a revised analysis of the site to the engineers and the developer using a MaxWell Type III drywell. After performing a constant head percolation test, it was determined that the number of drywells on the site could be reduced to just 25 systems, saving Intel
approximately $135,000. The old testing method went by the wayside, and Torrent’s solution became today’s industry standard. • Freeway Commerce Center in Tempe, Arizona, home to the Fiesta Inn, tended to stay wet and marshy for extended periods, and had been considered unbuildable due to problems with drainage. Torrent installed a total of 50 MaxWell Type I drainage systems to successfully convert this 658-acre development into
valuable retail property.
The watermark for drainage solutions.
1509 East Elwood Street
Phoenix Arizona 85040-1391
Phoenix
phone 602-268-0785
fax 602-268-0820
California
phone 661-947-9836
Nevada
phone 702-366-1234
www.TorrentResources.com
An evolution of McGuckin Drilling
Torrent Resources Incorporated
AZ Lic. ROC070465 A, ROC047067 B-4; ADWR 363
CA Lic. 528080 A, C-42, HAZ
NV Lic. 0035350 A
NM Lic. 90504 GF04
MaxWell, Envibro, PureFlo and F loFast are
trademarks of T orrent Resources Incorporated.
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Corona Office
Phone: 951.509.7090
CITY VENTURES July 9 , 2024
3121 Michelson Drive Suite 1500 Project No. 1-0534 Irvine, California 92612
Attention:
Mr. Nicholas Patterson
Subject: GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
101 W, Huntington Drive, City of Arcadia,
County of Los Angeles, California
References: See Appendix A.
Dear Mr. Patterson:
Alta California Geotechnical, Inc. (Alta) is pleased to present this geotechnical investigation for the proposed development at 101 W. Huntington Drive, in the City of Arcadia, California. This report is based upon a recent subsurface investigation conducted by Alta, laboratory testing, a review of published geologic maps, and Alta’s staff’s experience with similar projects in this vicinity.
Alta’s review of the data indicates that the proposed development is feasible, from a geotechnical perspective, provided that the recommendations presented in this report are incorporated into the grading and improvement plans and implemented during site development.
Included in this report are:
x Discussion of the site geotechnical conditions
x Recommendations for remedial and site grading, including unsuitable soil removals x Geotechnical site construction recommendations
x Preliminary foundation design parameters
x Preliminary Infiltration testing results
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ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
If you have any questions or should you require any additional information, please contact the undersigned at (951) 509-7090. Alta appreciates the opportunity to provide geotechnical consulting services for your project.
Sincerely,
Alta California Geotechnical, Inc. Reviewed By:
________________________________
LOGAN A. MARQUETTE
Civil Engineering Associate
___________________________________
SCOTT A. GRAY/RGE 2857
Reg. Exp.: 12-31-24
Registered Geotechnical Engineer
President
_________________________________
FRANK ECHENIQUE/CEG 2134
Reg. Exp.: 7-31-24
Certified Engineering Geologist
Distribution: (1) Addressee
LAM: SAG: eg-1-0534 July 9, 2024 (Geotechnical Investigation, 101 W Huntington, Arcadia) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ __ COTTTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTTTT A. GRAY/RGE 28282828288888888888885757557575757575757577575757575757557575557575755555777557555755757575555757575575755757 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ _________
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ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
1.0 INTRO DUCTION .............................................................................................................. ..... 1
1.1 Purp ose ................................................................................................................... ...... 1
1.2 Scope of Work ............................................................................................................. .. 1
1.3 Report Li mitations ........................................................................................................ . 1
2.0 PROJECT DE SCRIPTION ....................................................................................................... . 2
2.1 Site Location and Ex isting Conditions ............................................................................ 2
2.2 Proposed Development ................................................................................................. 2
3.0 SITE INVE STIGATION ............................................................................................................ 2
3.1 Current Subsurface Investigation .................................................................................. 2
3.2 Infiltrati on Testing ...................................................................................................... ... 3
4.0 GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS ...................................................................................................... 3
4.1 Geologic and Geom orphic Setting ................................................................................. 3
4.2 Strati graphy .............................................................................................................. ..... 3
4.2.1 Young Alluvial Fan Depo sits (Map symbol Qyf) ..................................................... 4
4.3 Geologic Structure ........................................................................................................ . 4
4.3.1 Tectonic Framework .............................................................................................. 4
4.3.2 Locally Mapped Active Faults ................................................................................ 4
4.3.3 Geologic Structure ................................................................................................. 5
4.4 Groundwater ............................................................................................................... .. 5
4.5 Earthquake Hazards ...................................................................................................... 5
4.5.1 Local and Regi onal Faulting ................................................................................... 5
4.5.2 Seismicity .............................................................................................................. . 6
4.5.3 Surface Rupture ..................................................................................................... 6
4.5.4 Lique faction ........................................................................................................... 6
4.5.5 Dry Sand Settlement .............................................................................................. 7
4.6 Regional S ubsidence ...................................................................................................... 7
5.0 ENGINEERING PROPERTI ES AND ANALYSIS ......................................................................... 7
5.1 Materials Properties ...................................................................................................... 7
5.1.1 Excavation Ch aracteristics ..................................................................................... 7
5.1.2 Compressi bility ...................................................................................................... 8
5.1.3 Hydro-Consolidation .............................................................................................. 8
5.1.4 Expansion Potential ............................................................................................... 8
5.1.5 Earthwork Ad justments ......................................................................................... 9
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ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
5.1.6 Chemical Analyses ................................................................................................. 9
5.2 Engineerin g Analysis ...................................................................................................... 9
5.2.1 Bearing Capacity and Lateral Earth Pressures ...................................................... 10
6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................ 10
6.1 Remedial Grading Recommendations ......................................................................... 10
6.1.1 Site Preparation ................................................................................................... 10
6.1.2 Unsuitable Soil Removals .................................................................................... 10
6.2 General Earthwo rk Recommendations........................................................................ 11
6.2.1 Compaction Standards ........................................................................................ 11
6.2.2 Groundwater/ Seepage ........................................................................................ 12
6.2.3 Documentation of Removals ............................................................................... 12
6.2.4 Treatment of Removal Bottoms .......................................................................... 12
6.2.5 Fill Plac ement ...................................................................................................... 12
6.2.6 Moisture Content ................................................................................................ 13
6.2.7 Mixing .................................................................................................................. 13
6.2.8 Import Soils ......................................................................................................... 13
6.2.9 Utility Trenches ................................................................................................... 13
6.2.9.1 Excavation ........................................................................................................... 13
6.2.9.2 Backfill .............................................................................................................. ... 14
6.2.10 Backcut Stability .................................................................................................. 14
6.3 Storm Water Infilt ration Systems ................................................................................ 15
6.4 Boundary Conditions ................................................................................................... 16
7.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................................. 16
7.1 Structural Design ......................................................................................................... 16
7.1.1 Foundation De sign ............................................................................................... 16
7.1.2 Conventional Fo undation Systems ...................................................................... 17
7.1.3 Post-Tensioned Slabs/Found ation Design Recommendations ............................. 18
7.2 Moisture Barrier .......................................................................................................... 19
7.3 Seismic Design ............................................................................................................ . 19
7.4 Block Walls ............................................................................................................... ... 20
7.5 Footing Excavations ..................................................................................................... 2 1
7.6 Retaining Wa ll Design .................................................................................................. 21
7.7 Exterior Slabs and Walkways ....................................................................................... 22
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ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
7.7.1 Subgrade Compaction ......................................................................................... 22
7.7.2 Subgrade Moisture .............................................................................................. 23
7.7.3 Concrete Slab Thickness ...................................................................................... 23
7.7.4 Concrete Slab Reinforcement .............................................................................. 23
7.7.5 Control Joints ....................................................................................................... 23
7.8 Concrete Design .......................................................................................................... 23
7.9 Corrosion ................................................................................................................. .... 24
7.10 Pavement Design ......................................................................................................... 24
7.11 Site Drainage ............................................................................................................ ... 25
8.0 LOT MAIN TENANCE ........................................................................................................... 25
8.1 Lot Dr ainage .............................................................................................................. .. 26
8.2 Burrowing Animals ...................................................................................................... 26
9.0 FUTURE PLAN REVIEWS ..................................................................................................... 26
10.0 CLOSURE .................................................................................................................. .... 26
10.1 Geotechnical Review ................................................................................................... 26
10.2 Limitations .............................................................................................................. ..... 27
APPENDIX A – References
APPENDIX B – Subsurface Investigation
APPENDIX C – Laboratory Testing
APPENDIX D – Maintenance and Improvement Considerations APPENDIX E – Earthwork Specifications
APPENDIX F – Grading Details
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ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The following report presents Alta’s findings, conclusions, and geotechnical recommendations for the proposed development.
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this report is to examine the existing geotechnical conditions and evaluate their impacts on the proposed development. This report is suitable for submittal to governing agencies and for use as a bid document.
1.2 Scope of Work
Alta’s Scope of Work for this geotechnical investigation included the following:
x Review of the referenced literature, maps, and aerial photos (Appendix A).
x Excavating, logging, and sampling of four (4) hollow stem auger borings to a maximum depth of approximately 51.5 feet below existing grade (Appendix B).
x Drilling two (2) shallow additional borings for infiltration study and perform preliminary infiltration testing.
x Conducting laboratory testing on samples obtained during our investigation (Appendix C).
x Evaluating engineering geologic and geotechnical engineering data, including laboratory data, to develop recommendations for site remedial grading, import soil, foundations and utilities.
x Preparing this report and accompanying exhibits.
1.3 Report Limitations
The conclusions and recommendations in this report are based on the information generated during this investigation and our review of the referenced reports. The materials adjacent to or beneath those observed may have different characteristics than those observed, and no representations are made as to the quality or extent of the materials not observed.
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2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Site Location and Existing Conditions
The triangular-shaped, approximately 1-acre site is relatively flat. The site is bounded to the north by existing residences, to the south by W. Huntington Drive, to the east by Santa Clara Street, and to the west by a small commercial development and parking lot. The site is currently occupied by a commercial structure and associated parking lot. Historic aerial images for the site are available as far back as 1952 and indicate the site consisted of mostly unimproved land until 1980 when the existing square shaped commercial structure and parking lot appear. The site has remained largely unchanged since.
2.2 Proposed Development
Alta anticipates that the site will be developed to accommodate a multi-family residential development. Alta anticipates that conventional cut-and-fill grading techniques will be used to develop the site for the support of wood-frame construction with shallow foundations and reinforced concrete slabs-on-grade, and associated improvements.
3.0 SITE INVESTIGATION
3.1 Current Subsurface Investigation
Alta conducted a subsurface investigation on June 10th of 2024, consisting of the drilling, logging, and select sampling of four (4) hollow-stem auger borings up to a maximum depth of 51.5 feet below ground surface (bgs). In addition, two (2) shallow borings (10 feet deep) were advanced to conduct preliminary infiltration testing. The locations of the exploratory borings are shown on Plate 1 and the boring logs are presented in Appendix B.
Laboratory testing was performed on ring and bulk samples obtained during the field investigation. A brief description of the laboratory test procedures and the test results are presented in Appendix C.
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3.2 Infiltration Testing
Infiltration testing was performed, utilizing percolation methods in accordance with County of Los Angeles Storm Water Standards. Percolation rates were converted to infiltration rates utilizing the Porchet method. The resulting field infiltration rates, with no factor of safety, are presented below in Table 3-1.
Recommendations for infiltration BMP design are presented in Section 6.3.
Table 3-1
Summary of Infiltration Testing
(No Factor of Safety)
Test Designation P-1 P-2
Approximate Depth of Test 10 ft. 10 ft.
Final Time Interval 10 min. 10 min.
Tested Infiltration Rate 10.2 in./hr. 9.8 in./hr.
4.0 GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS
4.1 Geologic and Geomorphic Setting
Regionally, the site is in the Peninsular Ranges geomorphic province, which characterizes the southwest portion of Southern California. The Peninsular Ranges province is composed of plutonic and metamorphic rock of Mesozoic age, with lesser amounts of Tertiary age volcanic and sedimentary rock, and Quaternary age drainage in-fills and minor sediment veneers. The Peninsular Ranges are divisible by major faults into northwest-trending blocks that extend south into Baja California and terminate to the north against the Transverse Ranges province.
4.2 Stratigraphy
Based on a review of geologic literature and our subsurface investigation, the project site is underlain by young alluvial deposits. The following is a brief description of this geologic unit encountered during this investigation.
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4.2.1 Young Alluvial Fan Deposits (Map symbol Qyf)
The young alluvial fan deposits within the site were observed to consist primarily of inter-lensed sand, silty sand and clayey sand with some sandy silt and clayey silt lenses. This unit was observed to be slightly moist to moist, and medium dense to dense condition. Some sandy silt lenses were also encountered. One gravely cobble lense was encountered in Boring B-4 at 12.5 feet bgs. This unit was encountered to the total depth of borings drilled (51.5 feet bgs).
4.3 Geologic Structure
4.3.1 Tectonic Framework
Jennings (1985) defined eight structural provinces within California that have been classified by predominant regional fault trends and similar fold structure. Within this framework, the subject site is located within the Peninsular Ranges geomorphic province, controlled by the dominant northwest trend of the San Andreas Fault and the subparallel San Jacinto Fault, Whittier-Elsinore Fault, and the Newport-Inglewood Fault, which all exhibit right lateral strike-slip movement. The closest of these major faults to the site is the Whittier-Elsinore Fault located 10.02 miles from the site. These fault systems have been studied extensively and in a large part control the geologic structure of the region.
4.3.2 Locally Mapped Active Faults
The closest known active faults to the site are the Raymond Fault (0.50 miles from the site), and the Sierra Madre Fault (2.45 miles from the site), (USGS, 2008).
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4.3.3 Geologic Structure
Based upon our site investigation and literature review, the onsite subsurface is essentially flat lying sediments that do not appear to be faulted of folded.
4.4 Groundwater
No groundwater was encountered during advancement of borings at the site during Alta’s recent investigation. Historic High Groundwater is reported to be approximately 100 to 150 feet bgs in the site vicinity (Open File Report 98-21).
Recent well data provided by the California Department of Water Resources from the nearest groundwater well, located approximately 0.7 miles northwest from the site, indicates that groundwater was greater than 94 feet bgs in 2023 (CDWR, 2024).
4.5 Earthquake Hazards
The subject site is located in southern California, which is a tectonically active region. The type and magnitude of seismic hazards affecting a site are dependent on the distance to the causative fault and the intensity and magnitude of the seismic event. The seismic hazard may be primary, such as surface rupture and/or ground shaking, or secondary, such as liquefaction and/or ground lurching.
4.5.1 Local and Regional Faulting
The site is located in the Los Angeles basin. The closest known active fault to the site is the Raymond Fault (0.50 miles from the site and the Sierra Madre Fault (2.45 miles from the site), (USGS, 2008). No known active faults exist in the immediate site vicinity.
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4.5.2 Seismicity
Ground shaking hazards caused by earthquakes along other active regional faults also exists. The 2022 California Building Code requires use-modified spectral accelerations and velocities for most structural designs. Seismic design parameters using soil profile types identified in the 2022 California Building Code are presented in Section 7.3.
4.5.3 Surface Rupture
Active faults are not known to exist within the project and a review of Special Publication 42 indicates the site is not within a California State designated earthquake fault zone. Accordingly, the potential for fault surface rupture on the subject site is low.
4.5.4 Liquefaction
Seismic agitation of relatively loose saturated sands, silty sands, and some silts can result in a buildup of pore pressure. If the pore pressure exceeds the overburden stresses, a temporary quick condition known as liquefaction can occur. Liquefaction effects can manifest in several ways including: 1) loss of bearing; 2) lateral spread; 3) dynamic settlement; and 4) flow failure. Lateral spreading has typically been the most damaging mode of failure.
In general, the more recent that a sediment has been deposited, the more likely it will be susceptible to liquefaction. Other factors that must be considered are groundwater, confining stresses, relative density, and the intensity and duration of seismically induced ground shaking.
The site is not located in a potential area of liquefaction. No groundwater was encountered in any of the borings advanced at the site to depths of up to 51.5 feet. Based on the depth to groundwater, upon
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completion of the removal and recompaction recommendations presented herein, the potential for dynamic settlement due to liquefaction is considered to be low and within foundation tolerance.
4.5.5 Dry Sand Settlement
Dry sand settlement is the process of non-uniform settlement of the ground surface during a seismic event. Based on our subsurface investigation and our removal/recompaction recommendations, the potential for onsite dry sand settlement is anticipated to be low.
4.6 Regional Subsidence
The site is not located in an area designated as susceptible to subsidence. Upon implementation of the remedial grading recommendations presented herein, the effects of subsidence on the development are considered to be negligible. If subsidence due to groundwater extraction were to occur, it would likely affect the entire region and not result in differential settlement across the site.
5.0 ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND ANALYSIS
5.1 Materials Properties
Presented herein is a general discussion of the engineering properties of the onsite materials that will be encountered during construction of the proposed project. Descriptions of the soil (Unified Soil Classification System) are presented on the boring logs in Appendix B.
5.1.1 Excavation Characteristics
Based on the data provided from the subsurface investigation, it is our opinion that excavation characteristics across the site are favorable, such that conventional equipment can be utilized.
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5.1.2 Compressibility
The upper portions of the young alluvium are considered compressible and unsuitable to support the proposed improvements. Recommended removal depths are presented in Section 6.1.2.
5.1.3 Hydro-Consolidation
Hydro-consolidation is the effect of introducing water into soil that is prone to collapse. Upon loading and initial wetting, the soil structure and apparent strength are altered resulting in almost immediate settlement.
That settlement can have adverse impacts on engineered structures, particularly in areas where it is manifested differentially. Differential settlements are typically associated with differential wetting, irregularities in the subsurface soil conditions, or irregular loading patterns.
Based on laboratory testing results presented in Appendix C, there is minimal potential for hydro-collapse to occur within the young alluvium onsite. Upon the completion of the removal and recompaction recommendations presented herein, the potential for hydro-collapse shall be minimal and within foundation tolerances.
5.1.4 Expansion Potential
Based on expansion index testing performed during our subsurface investigation (Appendix C), the majority of soils onsite are “very low” to “low” in expansion potential (0чEIч50, Appendix C) when tested per ASTM D: 4829.
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5.1.5 Earthwork Adjustments
The values presented in Table 5-1 are deemed appropriate for estimating purposes and may be used to balance earthwork quantities. As is the case with every project, contingencies should be made to adjust the earthwork balance when grading is in-progress and actual conditions are better defined.
TABLE 5-1
Earthwork Adjustment Factors
Geologic Unit Adjustment Factor Range Average
Young Alluvium 10% to 14% 12%
5.1.6 Chemical Analyses
Chemical testing was performed on samples of material underlying the proposed site during our subsurface investigation. Soluble sulfate test results indicate that the soluble sulfate concentrations of the soils tested are classified as negligible (Category S0) per ACI 318-14.
Negligible chloride levels were detected in the soils onsite. Based on laboratory results of soluble sulfate, chloride, and pH testing as presented in Appendix C, the onsite soils are classified as “non-corrosive” (Caltrans, 2022). Additional discussions on corrosion are presented in Section 7.9.
5.2 Engineering Analysis
Presented below is a general discussion of the engineering analysis methods that were utilized to develop the conclusions and recommendations presented in this report.
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5.2.1 Bearing Capacity and Lateral Earth Pressures
Ultimate bearing capacity values were obtained using the graphs and formula presented in NAVFAC DM-7.1. Allowable bearing was determined by applying a factor of safety of at least 3 to the ultimate bearing capacity. Static lateral earth pressures were calculated using Rankine methods for active and passive cases. If it is desired to use Coulomb forces, a separate analysis specific to the application can be conducted.
6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on Alta’s findings during our subsurface investigation, the laboratory test results, and our staff’s previous experience in the area, it is Alta’s opinion that the development of the site is feasible from a geotechnical perspective. Presented below are recommendations that should be incorporated into site development and construction plans.
6.1 Remedial Grading Recommendations
6.1.1 Site Preparation
Vegetation, construction debris, and other deleterious materials are unsuitable as structural fill material and should be disposed of offsite prior to commencing grading/construction. Any septic tanks, seepage pits or wells should be abandoned as per the County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services.
6.1.2 Unsuitable Soil Removals
The upper portions of young alluvial deposits are compressible and as such, are not suitable to support the proposed structures. Therefore, it is anticipated that, on average, the upper four (4) to six (6) feet of existing soils will require removal and recompaction, extending a minimum of five (5) feet horizontally outside of the structures. This recommended
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removal combined with the foundation recommendations presented in Section 7.1 should provide suitable support for the proposed structures.
Footings for structures should be underlain by a minimum of two (2) feet of compacted fill. As such, for building pads where unsuitable soil removals do not provide the minimum depth of compacted fill, or where design grades and/or remedial grading activities create cut/fill transitions, the cut and shallow fill portions of the building pads should be over-excavated during grading and replaced with compacted fill.
The Project Geotechnical Consultant should observe the removal bottom prior to placing fill. If unsuitable soils such as undocumented artificial fill is exposed upon the completion of the removals recommended above, additional removals may be required.
For fill areas in parking lots/drive aisles, in general, a minimum removal and recompaction of the upper two (2) feet is recommended, however all undocumented artificial fill shall be removed and recompacted. For cuts greater than two (2) feet in street areas, removals are not required. For cuts less than two (2) feet, the two (2) foot removal and recompaction applies.
Material removed as part of the unsuitable soil removals can be used as artificial fill, provided it is free of deleterious materials.
6.2 General Earthwork Recommendations
6.2.1 Compaction Standards
All fill and processed natural ground shall be compacted to a minimum relative compaction of 90 percent, as determined by ASTM Test Method:
D-1557. Fill material should be moisture conditioned to optimum moisture or above, and as generally discussed in Alta’s Earthwork
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Specification Section presented in Appendix E. Compaction shall be achieved with the use of sheepsfoot rollers or similar kneading type equipment. Mixing and moisture conditioning will be required to achieve the recommended moisture conditions.
6.2.2 Groundwater/Seepage
Groundwater is not anticipated to be encountered during construction; however, perched water conditions could be encountered depending on the time of year construction occurs.
6.2.3 Documentation of Removals
All removal/over-excavation bottoms should be observed and approved by the project Geotechnical Consultant prior to fill placement.
Consideration should be given to surveying the removal bottoms and undercuts after approval by the geotechnical consultant and prior to the placement of fill. Staking should be provided to verify undercut locations and depths.
6.2.4 Treatment of Removal Bottoms
At the completion of removals/over-excavation, the exposed removal bottom should be ripped to a minimum depth of eight (8) inches, moisture-conditioned to above optimum moisture content and compacted in-place to the project standards.
6.2.5 Fill Placement
After removals are completed and scarification and compaction of the removal bottom is performed, additional fill may be placed. Fill should be placed in eight-inch bulk maximum lifts, moisture conditioned to optimum moisture content or above, compacted and tested as grading/construction progresses until final grades are attained.
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6.2.6 Moisture Content
The moisture content of the upper in-situ soils varies, as shown in the boring logs presented in Appendix B. The majority of the upper several feet of onsite soils are dry to slightly moist and will require moisture conditioning prior to placement as compacted fill.
6.2.7 Mixing
Mixing of materials may be necessary to prevent layering of different soil types and/or different moisture contents. The mixing should be accomplished prior to and as part of compaction of each fill lift.
6.2.8 Import Soils
Imported soils, if necessary, should consist of clean, structural quality, low expansive, compactable materials similar to the on-site soils and should be free of trash, debris or other objectionable materials. The project Geotechnical Consultant should be notified not less than 72 hours in advance of the locations of any soils proposed for import. Import sources should be sampled, tested, and approved by the project Geotechnical Consultant at the source prior to the importation of the soils to the site. The project Civil Engineer should include these requirements on plans and specifications for the project.
6.2.9 Utility Trenches
6.2.9.1 Excavation
Utility trenches should be supported, either by laying back excavations or shoring, in accordance with applicable OSHA standards. The existing site soils are classified as Soil Types "B" and "C" per OSHA standards. Upon completion of the recommended removals and recompaction, the artificial fill will be classified as Soil Type “B”. The Project Geotechnical
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Consulting should be consulted if geologic conditions vary from what is presented in this report.
6.2.9.2 Backfill
Trench backfill should be compacted to at least 90 percent of maximum dry density as determined by ASTM D-1557.
Onsite soils will not be suitable for use as bedding material but will be suitable for use in backfill provided oversized materials are removed. No surcharge loads should be
imposed above excavations. This includes spoil piles, lumber, concrete trucks, or other construction materials and
equipment. Drainage above excavations should be directed away from the banks. Care should be taken to avoid
saturation of the soils. Compaction should be accomplished by mechanical means. Jetting of native soils will not be acceptable.
Under-slab trenches should also be compacted to project specifications. If select granular backfill (SE > 30) is used, compaction by flooding may be acceptable.
6.2.10 Backcut Stability
Temporary backcuts, if required during unsuitable soil removals, should be made no steeper than 1:1 without review and approval of the geotechnical consultant. Flatter backcuts may be necessary where geologic conditions dictate and where minimum width dimensions are to be maintained.
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Care should be taken during remedial grading operations in order to minimize risk of failure. Should failure occur, complete removal of the disturbed material will be required.
In consideration of the inherent instability created by temporary construction backcuts for removals, it is imperative that grading schedules are coordinated to minimize the unsupported exposure time of these excavations. Once started, these excavations and subsequent fill operations should be maintained to completion without intervening delays imposed by avoidable circumstances. In cases where five-day workweeks comprise a normal schedule, grading should be planned to avoid exposing at-grade or near-grade excavations through a non-work weekend. Where improvements may be affected by temporary instability, either on or offsite, further restrictions such as slot cutting, extending work days, implementing weekend schedules, and/or other requirements considered critical to serving specific circumstances may be imposed.
6.3 Storm Water Infiltration Systems
From a geotechnical perspective, allowing storm water to infiltrate the onsite soil in concentrated areas increases the potential for settlement, liquefaction, and water-related damage to structures/improvements, such as wet slabs or pumping subgrade, and should be avoided where possible. If infiltration systems are required on this site, care should be taken in designing systems that control the storm water as much as possible.
Preliminary infiltration testing was as part of Alta’s geotechnical investigation.
The resulting infiltration rates for P-1 and P-2 were 10.2 and 9.8-inches per hour, respectively. The results do not include a factor of safety.
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The Project Geotechnical Consultant should review the final WQMP design prior to construction.
6.4 Boundary Conditions
Construction of retaining/screen walls along the site boundaries may require additional geotechnical recommendations concerning unsuitable soil removals and foundation design parameters. Boundary conditions for the project should be reviewed by the Project Geotechnical Consultant as the design progresses.
7.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
7.1 Structural Design
It is anticipated that multi-story wood-framed residential structures with slab on- grade and shallow foundations will be constructed. Upon the completion of rough grading, finish grade samples should be collected and tested in order to provide specific recommendations as they relate to the individual building pads.
These test results and corresponding design recommendations should be presented in a final rough grading report. Final slab and foundation design recommendations should be made based upon specific structure sitings, loading conditions, and as-graded soil conditions.
It is anticipated that the majority of onsite soils will possess “very low” to “low” expansion potential when tested in general accordance with ASTM Test Method D: 4829. For budgeting purposes, the following foundation design requirements for a range of potential expansion characteristics are presented.
7.1.1 Foundation Design
Foundations may be preliminary designed based on the values presented in Table 7-1 below.
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Table 7-1
Foundation Design Parameters*
Allowable Bearing 2000 lbs/ft 2 (assuming a minimum embedment depth and width of 12 inches)
Lateral Bearing 250 lbs/ft 2 at a depth of 12 inches plus 250 lbs/ft2 for each additional 12 inches of embedment to a maximum of 2000
lbs/ft2.
Sliding Coefficient 0.30
Settlement Static Settlement – 0.5 inch in 40 feet
Dynamic Settlement – 0.5 inch in 40 feet
*These values may be increased as allowed by Code to resist transient loads such as wind or seismic. Building code and structural design considerations may govern depth and reinforcement requirements and should be evaluated.
7.1.2 Conventional Foundation Systems
Based on the onsite soils conditions and information supplied by the CBC 2022, conventional foundation systems may be designed in accordance with Tables 7-1 and 7-2.
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TABLE 7-2
CONVENTIONAL FOUNDATION DESIGN PARAMETERS
Expansion Potential Very Low to Low
Soil Category I
Design Plasticity Index 12
Minimum Footing
Embedment 12 inches*
*The minimum footing imbedments presented herein are based on expansion indexes. The structural engineer should determine minimum embedments based on the number of floors supported by the footings, the structural loading, and the requirements of the latest California Building Code.
Minimum Footing Width
12-inches-The structural engineer should determine the minimum footing width based on loading and the latest California Building Code.
Minimum Footing Reinforcement No. 4 rebar, one (1) on top, one (1) on bottom Minimum Slab Thickness 4 inches (actual)
Minimum Slab Reinforcement No. 3 rebar spaced 18 inches on center, each way Under-Slab Requirement See Section 7.2
Slab Subgrade Moisture Minimum of 110 percent of optimum moisture to a depth of 12 inches prior to placing concrete.
Footing Embedment Adjacent to
Swales and Slopes
If exterior footings adjacent to drainage swales are to exist within five (5) feet horizontally of the swale, the footing should be embedded sufficiently to assure embedment below the swale bottom is maintained. Footings adjacent to slopes should be embedded such that at least five- (5) feet is provided horizontally from edge of the footing to the face of the slope.
Garages
A grade beam reinforced continuously with the garage footings shall be constructed across the garage entrance, tying together the ends of the perimeter footings and between individual spread footings. This grade beam should be embedded at the same depth as the adjacent perimeter footings. A thickened slab, separated by a cold joint from the garage beam, should be provided at the garage entrance. Minimum dimensions of the thickened edge shall be six (6) inches deep. Footing depth, width and reinforcement should be the same as the structure. Slab thickness, reinforcement and under-slab treatment should be the same as the structure.
7.1.3 Post-Tensioned Slabs/Foundation Design Recommendations Post-tensioned slabs for the project may be designed utilizing the parameters presented in Tables 7-1 and 7-3. The parameters presented herein are based on methodology provided in the Design of Post- Tensioned Slabs-On-Ground, Third Edition, by the Post-Tensioning Institute, in accordance with the 2022 CBC.
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TABLE 7-3
POST-TENSION SLAB DESIGN PARAMETERS
Category Expansion Potential Minimum
Embedment*
Edge Lift Center Lift
Em (ft) Ym
(inch) Em (ft) Ym (inch)
I Very Low to Low 12 inches 5.4 0.61 9.0 0.26
Slab Subgrade Moisture
Category I Minimum 110% of optimum moisture to a depth of 12 inches prior to pouring concrete
Embedment*
The minimum footing embedments presented herein are based on expansion indexes. The structural engineer should determine minimum embedments based on the number of floors supported by the footings, the structural loading, and the requirements of the latest California Building Code. If mat slabs are utilized, alternate embedment depths can be provided.
Moisture Barrier
A moisture barrier should be provided in accordance with the recommendations presented in Section 7.2 The parameters presented herein are based on procedures presented in the Design of Post-Tensioned Slabs-On- Ground, Third Edition. No corrections for vertical barriers at the edge of the slab, or for adjacent vegetation have been assumed. The design parameters are based on a Constant Suction Value of 3.9 pF.
7.2 Moisture Barrier
A moisture and vapor retarding system should be placed below the slabs-on- grade in portions of the structure considered to be moisture sensitive and should be capable of effectively preventing the migration of water and reducing the transmission of water vapor to acceptable levels. Historically, a 10-mil plastic membrane, such as Visqueen, placed between two to four inches of clean sand, has been used for this purpose. The use of this system or other systems can be considered, at the discretion of the designer, provided the system reduces the vapor transmission rates to acceptable levels.
7.3 Seismic Design
The site classes were determined based on the referenced reports and published geologic maps in the area in general conformance with Chapter 20 of ASCE 7-16.
Based on the density of the underlying soils, a Site Class of D (shear wave velocity of 259 m/s) was selected. The seismic design parameters were calculated using a program based on the USGS website and ASCE 7-16
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procedures. The resulting values are presented in Table 7-4. These values are applicable providing the exceptions presented in Supplements 2 and 3 of ASCE 7- 16 are utilized in the design of the structure. If the design does not include the exception methodology, then a site-specific analysis shall be conducted.
TABLE 7-4 Seismic Ground Motion Values
2022 CBC and ASCE 7-16
Parameter Value
Site Class D
Site Latitude 34.1405
Site Longitude -118.0353
Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter, SS 1.977
Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter, S1 0.723
Site Coefficient, Fa 1.0
Site Coefficient, Fv 1.7
MCE Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter, SMS 1.977 MCE Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter, SM1 1.229 Design Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter, SDS 1.318 Design Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter, SD1 0.819 Peak Ground Acceleration, PGAM 0.946
7.4 Block Walls
Block walls, if used, should be embedded a minimum of 2 feet below the lowest adjacent grade. Construction joints (not more than 20 feet apart) should be included in the block wall construction. Side yard walls should be structurally separated from the rear yard wall.
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7.5 Footing Excavations
Soils from the footing excavations should not be placed in slab-on-grade areas unless properly compacted and tested. The excavations should be cleaned of all loose/sloughed materials and be neatly trimmed at the time of concrete placement.
7.6 Retaining Wall Design
Retaining walls should be founded on compacted fill and should be backfilled with granular soils that allow for drainage behind the wall. Foundations may be designed in accordance with the recommendations presented in Table 7-1, above. Unrestrained walls, free to rotate at least 0.001 radians, may be designed to resist lateral pressures imposed by a fluid with a unit weight determined in accordance with Table 7-5 below. The table also presents design parameters for restrained retaining walls. These parameters may be used to design retaining walls that may be considered as restrained due to the method of construction or location (corner sections of unrestrained retaining walls).
TABLE 7-5
Equivalent Fluid Pressures for 90% Compacted Fill
Backfill Active Pressure (psf/ft) At-Rest Pressure (psf/ft) Level 35 55
Per the requirements of the CBC, the seismic force acting on the retaining walls with backfill exceeding 6-feet in height may be resolved utilizing the formula 19H2 lb/lineal ft (H=height of the wall). This force acts at approximately 0.6H above the base of the wall (inverted triangle). The seismic value can be converted as required by the retaining wall engineer. Retaining walls should be designed in general accordance with Section 1807A.2 of the 2022 CBC.
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¾ Restrained retaining walls should be designed for “at-rest” conditions, utilizing at-rest pressure.
¾ The design loads presented in the above table are to be applied on the retaining wall in a horizontal fashion and as such friction between wall and retained soils should not be allowed in the retaining wall analyses. ¾ Additional allowances should be made in the retaining wall design to account for the influence of construction loads, temporary loads, and possible nearby structural footing loads.
¾ Select backfill should be granular, structural quality backfill with a Sand Equivalent of 20 or better and an ASCE Expansion Index of 20 or less. The backfill must encompass the full active wedge area. The upper one foot of backfill should be comprised of native on-site soils (see Plate A). ¾ The wall design should include waterproofing (where appropriate) and backdrains or weep holes for relieving possible hydrostatic pressures. The backdrain should be comprised of a 4-inch perforated PVC pipe in a 1 ft. by 1 ft., ¾-inch gravel matrix, wrapped with a geofabric. The backdrain should be installed with a minimum gradient of 2 percent and should be outletted to an appropriate location.
¾ No backfill should be placed against concrete until minimum design strengths are achieved.
It should be noted that the allowable bearing and lateral bearing values presented in Table 7-1 are based on level conditions at the toe. Modified design parameters can be presented for retaining walls with sloping condition at the toe.
Other conditions should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
7.7 Exterior Slabs and Walkways
Exterior concrete slabs and walkways should be designed and constructed in consideration of the following recommendations.
7.7.1 Subgrade Compaction
The subgrade below exterior concrete slabs should be compacted to a minimum of 90 percent relative compaction as determined by ASTM Test Method: D 1557.
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7.7.2 Subgrade Moisture
The subgrade below concrete slabs should be moisture conditioned to a minimum of 110 percent of optimum moisture content prior to concrete placement.
7.7.3 Concrete Slab Thickness
Concrete flatwork and driveways should be designed utilizing four-inch minimum thickness.
7.7.4 Concrete Slab Reinforcement
Utilization of reinforcement for flatwork and driveways is subject to a cost/benefit analysis for the developer. Reinforcement will decrease the amount of cracking that may occur in flatwork, however, planning for occasional repairs may be more cost effective. The majority of the soils onsite are classified as very low in expansion potential. Consideration should be given to reinforcing flatwork with irregular (non- square/rectangular) shapes.
7.7.5 Control Joints
Weakened plane joints should be installed on walkways at intervals of approximately eight feet. Exterior slabs should be designed to withstand shrinkage of the concrete.
7.8 Concrete Design
As stated in Section 5.1.6, negligible concentrations of sulfates were detected in the onsite soils. Therefore, the use of sulfate resistant concrete is not required per ACI 318-14 at this time. Post-grading conditions should be evaluated, and final recommendations made at that time.
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7.9 Corrosion
Based on preliminary testing from our investigation, the onsite soils are classified as “non-corrosive” (Caltrans, 2022). Consideration should be given to protecting buried metals from corrosion. Typical measures may include using non-corrosive backfill, protective coatings, wrapping, plastic pipes, or a combination of these methods. A corrosion engineer should be consulted if specific design recommendations are required by the improvement designer.
Per ACI 318-14, an exposure class of C1 would be applicable to metals encased in concrete (rebar in footings) due to being exposed to moisture from surrounding soils. Per Table 19.3.2.1 of ACI 318-14, the requirements for concrete with an exposure class of C1 are a minimum compressive strength of 2500 psi and a maximum water-soluble chloride ion content in concrete of 0.30 (percent by weight of cement).
7.10 Pavement Design
Pavement sections for the proposed streets shall be designed based on laboratory testing conducted on samples taken from the soil subgrade.
Preliminarily, based on an assumed R-Value of 30, the pavement may be designed utilizing the sections presented in Table 7-6. These sections should be verified upon the completion of grading, based on R-Value testing. The ultimate pavement section design for public streets is under the City of Arcadia’s purview.
Table 7-6
Preliminary Pavement Sections
Traffic
Index
Pavement Section Options
OR
5.0 3-inch AC on 6-inch AB 4-inch AC on 4-inch AB
5.5 3-inch AC on 7-inch AB 4-inch AC on 5-inch AB
6.0 3.5-inch AC on 7.5-inch AB 4-inch AC on 6.5-inch AB AC-Asphalt Concrete
AB-Caltrans Class II Base
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Construction of the streets should be accomplished in accordance with the current criteria of the City of Arcadia. Prior to the placement of base material, the subgrade should be suitably moisture conditioned, processed and compacted to a minimum 95 percent of the laboratory maximum density (ASTM:
D 1557) to at least twelve (12) inches below subgrade. After subgrade compaction, the exposed grade should then be "proof"-rolled with heavy equipment to ensure the grade does not "pump" and is verified as non-yielding.
Aggregate base material should be placed on the compacted subgrade and compacted in-place to a minimum 95 percent of the laboratory standard obtained per ASTM: D 1557.
7.11 Site Drainage
Positive drainage away from the proposed structures should be provided and maintained. Roof, pad, and lot drainage should be collected and directed away from the structures toward approved disposal areas through drainage terraces, gutters, down drains, and other devices. Design fine grade elevations should be maintained through the life of the structure or if design fine grade elevations are altered, adequate area drains should be installed in order to provide rapid discharge of water, away from structures.
8.0 LOT MAINTENANCE
Ongoing maintenance of the improvements is essential to the long-term performance of structures and slopes. As such, the owners must implement certain maintenance procedures. The attached "Maintenance and Improvement Considerations" presented in the Appendix D should be reviewed for issues related to drainage, slopes, maintenance, backyard improvements, etc. The following recommendations should also be implemented.
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8.1 Lot Drainage
Roof, pad and lot drainage should be collected and directed away from structures and slopes and toward approved disposal areas. Design fine grade elevations should be maintained through the life of the structure or if design fine grade elevations are altered, adequate area drains should be installed in order to provide rapid discharge of water, away from structures and slopes. Residents should be made aware that they are responsible for maintenance and cleaning of all drainage terraces, down drains, and other devices that have been installed to promote structure and slope stability.
8.2 Burrowing Animals
Residents or owners should undertake a program for the elimination of burrowing animals. This should be an ongoing program in order to maintain slope stability.
9.0 FUTURE PLAN REVIEWS
This report represents a geotechnical review of the tract map. As the project design progresses, site specific geologic and geotechnical issues need to be considered in the design and construction of the project. Consequently, future plan reviews may be necessary. These reviews may include reviews of:
¾ Grading Plans
¾ Foundation plans
¾ Utility Plans
These plans should be forwarded to the Project Geotechnical Consultant for review.
10.0 CLOSURE
10.1 Geotechnical Review
For the purposes of this report, multiple working hypotheses were established for the project, utilizing the available data and the most probable model is used for the analysis. Future information collected during the proposed grading
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operations is intended to evaluate the hypothesis and as such, some of the assumptions summarized in this report may need to be changed. Some modifications of the grading recommendations may become necessary, should the conditions encountered in the field differ from the conditions hypothesized in this report.
Plans and sections of the project specifications should be reviewed by Alta, to evaluate conformance with the intent of the recommendations contained in this report. If the project description or final design varies from that described in herein, Alta must be consulted regarding the applicability of the recommendations contained herein and whether any changes are required. Alta accepts no liability for any use of its recommendations if the project description or final design varies and Alta is not consulted regarding the alterations.
10.2 Limitations
This report is based on the following: 1) the project as presented on the attached plan; 2) the information obtained from the subsurface investigation at the approximate locations indicated on the plans included herein; and 3) from the information presented in the referenced reports. The findings and recommendations are based on the results of the subsurface investigation, laboratory testing, and office analysis combined with an interpolation and extrapolation of conditions between and beyond the subsurface excavation locations. However, the materials adjacent to or beneath those observed may have different characteristics than those observed, and no precise representations are made as to the quality or extent of the materials not observed. The results reflect an interpretation of the direct evidence obtained.
Work performed by Alta has been conducted in a manner consistent with the level of care and skill ordinarily exercised by members of the geotechnical profession currently practicing in the same locality under similar conditions. No
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other representation, either expressed or implied, and no warranty or guarantee is included or intended.
The recommendations presented in this report are based on the assumption that an appropriate level of field review will be provided by a geotechnical consultant who is familiar with the design and site geologic conditions. That field review shall be sufficient to confirm that geotechnical and geologic conditions exposed during grading are consistent with the geologic representations and corresponding recommendations presented in this report.
The conclusions and recommendations included in this report are applicable to the specific design of this project as discussed in this report. They have no applicability to any other project or to any other location and any and all subsequent users accept any and all liability resulting from any use or reuse of the data, opinions, and recommendations without the prior written consent of Alta.
Alta has no responsibility for construction means, methods, techniques, sequences, procedures, safety precautions, programs in connection with the construction, acts or omissions of the CONTRACTOR or any other person performing any of the construction, or for the failure of any of them to carry out the construction in accordance with the final design drawings and specifications
ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
APPENDIX A
REFERENCES
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APPENDIX A
Selected References
California Code of Regulations, 2022, California Building Code, Title 24, Part 2, Volume 2, Based on the 2021 International Building Code, Effective Date January 1, 2023.
California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), 2022, Caltrans Geotechnical Manual, published March, 2022.
California Department of Water Resources, Water Data Library, 2024, Website, http://www.wdl.water.ca.gove/waterdatalibrary/
California Division of Mines and Geology, 2008, Guidelines for evaluating and mitigating seismic hazards in California: Department of Conservation, Special Publication 117a.
California Geological Survey, 1999, Earthquake Fault Zones, A Guide for Government Agencies, Property Owners/Developers, And Geoscience Practitioners for Assessing Fault Rupture Hazards in California, Special Publication 42, Revised 1999.
California Geological Survey, 2017, Earthquake Zones and Required Investigation, Mount Wilson Quadrangle, June 15 2017.
Historical Aerials.com, 2024, online vertical and color aerials photographs from 1948, through 2020, viewed June 13, 2024, http://www.historicaerials.com/ Jennings, C.W., and Bryant, W.A., 2010, Fault Activity Map of California: California Geological Survey Geologic Data Map No. 6, map scale 1:750,000.
Jennings, C. W., and Bryant, W. A., 2021, An explanatory test to accompany the Fault Activity Map of California: California Department of Conservation, California Geological Survey.
Jennings, C. W., 1985, An explanatory text to accompany the 1:750,000 scale fault and geologic map of California: California Division of Mines and Geology, Bulletin 201, 197p.
Romanoff, Melvin, 1989, Underground Corrosion, NBS Circular 579, Reprinted by NACE, Houston, TX, 1989.
U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, National Seismic Hazards Maps – Source Parameters, http://geohazards.usgs.gov/cfusion/hazfaults_2008_search/query_main.cfm.
ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
APPENDIX B
Subsurface Investigation
Project No. 1-0534 Page B-1
July 9, 2024
ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
APPENDIX B
Subsurface Investigation
Alta's subsurface investigation consisted of excavating, logging, and sampling four (4) hollow- stem auger borings. In addition, two shallow borings were advanced for preliminary infiltration testing. Details of the subsurface investigation are presented in Table B-1. The approximate locations of the exploratory excavations are shown on the accompanying Plate 1 and the Geotechnical Logs are attached.
TABLE B-1
SURFACE INVESTIGATION DETAILS
Equipment Range of
Depths
Sampling Methods Sample Locations
8” Hollow-
Stem Auger
Up to 51.5
feet
1. Bulk Samples
2. Ring Samples
3. SPT Samples
1. Bulk-Select Depths
2. Ring-Every 2.5 or 5.0 feet.
3. SPT-At Depths Below 25 feet.
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ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
APPENDIX C
Laboratory Testing
Project No. 1-0534 Page C-1
July 9, 2024
ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
LABORATORY TESTING
The following laboratory tests were performed on representative samples in accordance with the applicable latest standards or methods from the ASTM, California Building Code (CBC) and California Department of Transportation.
Classification
Soils were classified with respect to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) in accordance with ASTM D-2487 and D-2488.
Particle Size Analysis
Modified hydrometer testing was conducted to aid in classification of the soil. The results of the particle size analysis are presented in Table 7-1 and Table C.
Maximum Density/Optimum Moisture
The maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of one (1) representative bulk sample was evaluated in accordance with ASTM D-1557. The results are summarized in Table C.
Expansion Index Tests
One (1) expansion index test was performed to evaluate the expansion potential of typical on- site soil. Testing was carried out in general conformance with ASTM Test Method D-4829. The results are presented in Table C.
Consolidation Tests
Consolidation testing was performed on one (1) relatively “undisturbed” soil sample at its natural moisture content in accordance with procedures outlined in ASTM D-2435. The sample was placed in a consolidometer and loads were applied incrementally in geometric progression.
The sample (2.42-inches in diameter and 1-inch in height) were permitted to consolidate under each load increment until the slope of the characteristic linear secondary compression portion of the thickness versus log of time plot was apparent. The percent consolidation for each load cycle was recorded as the ratio of the amount of vertical compression to the original 1-inch height. The consolidation test results are shown on Plate C-1.
Project Number 1-0534 Page C-2
June , 2024
ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
Chemical Analyses
Chemical testing was performed on one select sample. The results of this test (sulfate content, resistivity, chloride content and pH) is presented on Table C.
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ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
APPENDIX D
Maintenance and Improvement Considerations
Project Number 1-0534 Page D-1
July 9, 2024
ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
General
Owners purchasing property must assume a certain degree of responsibility for improvements and for maintaining conditions around their home. Of primary importance from a geotechnical standpoint are maintaining drainage patterns and minimizing the soil moisture variation below all improvements. Such design, construction and owner maintenance provisions may include:
¾ Employing contractors for improvements who design and build in recognition of local building codes and specific site soils conditions.
¾ Establishing and maintaining positive drainage away from all foundations, walkways, driveways, patios, and other improvements.
¾ Avoiding the construction of planters adjacent to structural improvements.
Alternatively, planter sides/bottoms can be sealed with an impermeable membrane and drained away from the improvements via subdrains into approved disposal areas. ¾ Sealing and maintaining construction/control joints within concrete slabs and walkways to reduce the potential for moisture infiltration into the subgrade soils. ¾ Utilizing landscaping schemes with vegetation that requires minimal watering. Watering should be done in a uniform manner, as equally as possible on all sides of the foundation, keeping the soil "moist" but not allowing the soil to become saturated. ¾ Maintaining positive drainage away from structures and providing roof gutters on all structures with downspouts that are designed to carry roof runoff directly into area drains or discharged well away from the foundation areas. ¾ Avoiding the placement of trees closer to the proposed structures than a distance of one-half the mature height of the tree.
¾ Observation of the soil conditions around the perimeter of the structure during extremely hot/dry or unusually wet weather conditions so that modifications can be made in irrigation programs to maintain relatively uniform moisture conditions.
Sulfates
Owners should be cautioned against the import and use of certain inorganic fertilizers, soil amendments, and/or other soils from offsite sources in the absence of specific information relating to their chemical composition. Some fertilizers have been known to leach sulfate compounds into soils and increase the sulfate concentrations to potentially detrimental levels.
Project Number 1-0534 Page D-2
July 9, 2024
ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
Site Drainage
¾ The owners should be made aware of the potential problems that may develop when drainage is altered through construction of hardscape improvements. Ponded water, drainage over the slope face, leaking irrigation systems, overwatering, or other conditions which could lead to ground saturation must be avoided. ¾ No water should be allowed to flow over the slopes. No alteration of pad gradients should be allowed that would prevent pad and roof runoff from being directed to approved disposal areas.
¾ Drainage patterns have been established at the time of the fine grading should be maintained throughout the life of the structure. No alterations to these drainage patterns should be made unless designed by qualified professionals in compliance with local code requirements and site-specific soils conditions.
Slope Drainage
¾ Residents should be made aware of the importance of maintaining and cleaning all interceptor ditches, drainage terraces, down drains, and any other drainage devices, which have been installed to promote slope stability.
¾ Subsurface drainage pipe outlets may protrude through slope surfaces and/or wall faces. These pipes, in conjunction with the graded features, are essential to slope and wall stability and must be protected in-place. They should not be altered or damaged in any way.
Planting and Irrigation of Slopes
¾ Seeding and planting of the slopes should be planned to achieve, as rapidly as possible, a well-established and deep-rooted vegetal cover requiring minimal watering. ¾ It is the responsibility of the landscape architect to provide such plants initially and of the residents to maintain such planting. Alteration of such a planting scheme is at the resident's risk.
¾ The resident is responsible for proper irrigation and for maintenance and repair of properly installed irrigation systems. Leaks should be fixed immediately. ¾ Sprinklers should be adjusted to provide maximum uniform coverage with a minimum of water usage and overlap. Overwatering with consequent wasteful runoff and serious ground saturation must be avoided.
¾ If automatic sprinkler systems are installed, their use must be adjusted to account for seasonal and natural rainfall conditions.
Project Number 1-0534 Page D-3
July 9, 2024
ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
Burrowing Animals
¾ Residents must undertake a program to eliminate burrowing animals. This must be an ongoing program in order to promote slope stability.
Owner Improvement
Owner improvements (pools, spas, patio slabs, retaining walls, planters, etc.) should be designed to account for the terrain of the project, as well as expansive soil conditions and chemical characteristics. Design considerations on any given lot may need to include provisions for differential bearing materials, ascending/descending slope conditions, bedrock structure, perched (irrigation) water, special geologic surcharge loading conditions, expansive soil stresses, and long-term creep/settlement.
All owner improvements should be designed and constructed by qualified professionals utilizing appropriate design methodologies, which account for the on-site soils and geologic conditions.
Each lot and proposed improvement should be evaluated on an individual basis.
Setback Zones
Manufactured slopes may be subject to long-term settlement and creep that can manifest itself in the form of both horizontal and vertical movement. These movements typically are produced as a result of weathering, erosion, gravity forces, and other natural phenomenon. A setback adjacent to slopes is required by most building codes, including the California Building Code. This zone is intended to locate and support the residential structures away from these slopes and onto soils that are not subject to the potential adverse effects of these natural phenomena.
The owner may wish to construct patios, walls, walkways, planters, swimming pools, spas, etc. within this zone. Such facilities may be sensitive to settlement and creep and should not be constructed within the setback zone unless properly engineered. It is suggested that plans for such improvements be designed by a professional engineer who is familiar with grading ordinances and design and construction requirements. In addition, we recommend that the
Project Number 1-0534 Page D-4
July 9, 2024
ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
designer and contractor familiarize themselves with the site specific geologic and geotechnical conditions on the specific lot.
ALTA CALIFORNIA GEOTECHNICAL, INC.
APPENDIX E
Earthwork Specifications
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Peak Flow Hydrologic Analysis
File location: P:/C/CVEN-176/Admin/Reports/Hydrology/Appendix C - HydroCalc/Existing/CVEN-176 - X1_25.pdf Version: HydroCalc 1.0.3
Input Parameters
Project Name CVEN-176
Subarea ID X1_25
Area (ac) 0.63
Flow Path Length (ft) 157.0
Flow Path Slope (vft/hft) 0.0089
50-yr Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Percent Impervious 0.78
Soil Type 6
Design Storm Frequency 25-yr
Fire Factor 0
LID False
Output Results
Modeled (25-yr) Rainfall Depth (in) 6.8045
Peak Intensity (in/hr) 4.0598
Undeveloped Runoff Coefficient (Cu) 0.8788
Developed Runoff Coefficient (Cd) 0.8953
Time of Concentration (min) 5.0
Clear Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 2.2899
Burned Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 2.2899
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (ac-ft) 0.267
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (cu-ft) 11630.4953
Peak Flow Hydrologic Analysis
File location: P:/C/CVEN-176/Admin/Reports/Hydrology/Appendix C - HydroCalc/Existing/CVEN-176 - X1_50.pdf Version: HydroCalc 1.0.3
Input Parameters
Project Name CVEN-176
Subarea ID X1_50
Area (ac) 0.63
Flow Path Length (ft) 157.0
Flow Path Slope (vft/hft) 0.0089
50-yr Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Percent Impervious 0.78
Soil Type 6
Design Storm Frequency 50-yr
Fire Factor 0
LID False
Output Results
Modeled (50-yr) Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Peak Intensity (in/hr) 4.6239
Undeveloped Runoff Coefficient (Cu) 0.9
Developed Runoff Coefficient (Cd) 0.9
Time of Concentration (min) 5.0
Clear Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 2.6217
Burned Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 2.6217
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (ac-ft) 0.306
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (cu-ft) 13329.951
Peak Flow Hydrologic Analysis
File location: P:/C/CVEN-176/Admin/Reports/Hydrology/Appendix C - HydroCalc/Existing/CVEN-176 - X1_100.pdf Version: HydroCalc 1.0.3
Input Parameters
Project Name CVEN-176
Subarea ID X1_100
Area (ac) 0.63
Flow Path Length (ft) 157.0
Flow Path Slope (vft/hft) 0.0089
50-yr Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Percent Impervious 0.78
Soil Type 6
Design Storm Frequency 100-yr
Fire Factor 0
LID False
Output Results
Modeled (100-yr) Rainfall Depth (in) 8.6955
Peak Intensity (in/hr) 5.188
Undeveloped Runoff Coefficient (Cu) 0.9
Developed Runoff Coefficient (Cd) 0.9
Time of Concentration (min) 5.0
Clear Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 2.9416
Burned Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 2.9416
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (ac-ft) 0.3455
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (cu-ft) 15049.4726
Peak Flow Hydrologic Analysis
File location: P:/C/CVEN-176/Admin/Reports/Hydrology/Appendix C - HydroCalc/Existing/CVEN-176 - X2_25.pdf Version: HydroCalc 1.0.3
Input Parameters
Project Name CVEN-176
Subarea ID X2_25
Area (ac) 0.42
Flow Path Length (ft) 121.0
Flow Path Slope (vft/hft) 0.0115
50-yr Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Percent Impervious 0.68
Soil Type 6
Design Storm Frequency 25-yr
Fire Factor 0
LID False
Output Results
Modeled (25-yr) Rainfall Depth (in) 6.8045
Peak Intensity (in/hr) 4.0598
Undeveloped Runoff Coefficient (Cu) 0.8788
Developed Runoff Coefficient (Cd) 0.8932
Time of Concentration (min) 5.0
Clear Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 1.523
Burned Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 1.523
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (ac-ft) 0.1623
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (cu-ft) 7069.1622
Peak Flow Hydrologic Analysis
File location: P:/C/CVEN-176/Admin/Reports/Hydrology/Appendix C - HydroCalc/Existing/CVEN-176 - X2_50.pdf Version: HydroCalc 1.0.3
Input Parameters
Project Name CVEN-176
Subarea ID X2_50
Area (ac) 0.42
Flow Path Length (ft) 121.0
Flow Path Slope (vft/hft) 0.0115
50-yr Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Percent Impervious 0.68
Soil Type 6
Design Storm Frequency 50-yr
Fire Factor 0
LID False
Output Results
Modeled (50-yr) Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Peak Intensity (in/hr) 4.6239
Undeveloped Runoff Coefficient (Cu) 0.9
Developed Runoff Coefficient (Cd) 0.9
Time of Concentration (min) 5.0
Clear Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 1.7478
Burned Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 1.7478
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (ac-ft) 0.1867
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (cu-ft) 8132.2843
Peak Flow Hydrologic Analysis
File location: P:/C/CVEN-176/Admin/Reports/Hydrology/Appendix C - HydroCalc/Existing/CVEN-176 - X2_100.pdf Version: HydroCalc 1.0.3
Input Parameters
Project Name CVEN-176
Subarea ID X2_100
Area (ac) 0.42
Flow Path Length (ft) 121.0
Flow Path Slope (vft/hft) 0.0115
50-yr Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Percent Impervious 0.68
Soil Type 6
Design Storm Frequency 100-yr
Fire Factor 0
LID False
Output Results
Modeled (100-yr) Rainfall Depth (in) 8.6955
Peak Intensity (in/hr) 5.188
Undeveloped Runoff Coefficient (Cu) 0.9
Developed Runoff Coefficient (Cd) 0.9
Time of Concentration (min) 5.0
Clear Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 1.9611
Burned Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 1.9611
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (ac-ft) 0.2115
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (cu-ft) 9214.8643
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Peak Flow Hydrologic Analysis
File location: P:/C/CVEN-176/Admin/Reports/Hydrology/Appendix C - HydroCalc/Proposed/CVEN-176 - A1_25.pdf Version: HydroCalc 1.0.3
Input Parameters
Project Name CVEN-176
Subarea ID A1_25
Area (ac) 0.71
Flow Path Length (ft) 214.0
Flow Path Slope (vft/hft) 0.01
50-yr Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Percent Impervious 0.85
Soil Type 6
Design Storm Frequency 25-yr
Fire Factor 0
LID False
Output Results
Modeled (25-yr) Rainfall Depth (in) 6.8045
Peak Intensity (in/hr) 4.0598
Undeveloped Runoff Coefficient (Cu) 0.8788
Developed Runoff Coefficient (Cd) 0.8968
Time of Concentration (min) 5.0
Clear Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 2.585
Burned Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 2.585
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (ac-ft) 0.3195
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (cu-ft) 13917.3769
Peak Flow Hydrologic Analysis
File location: P:/C/CVEN-176/Admin/Reports/Hydrology/Appendix C - HydroCalc/Proposed/CVEN-176 - A1_50.pdf Version: HydroCalc 1.0.3
Input Parameters
Project Name CVEN-176
Subarea ID A1_50
Area (ac) 0.71
Flow Path Length (ft) 214.0
Flow Path Slope (vft/hft) 0.01
50-yr Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Percent Impervious 0.85
Soil Type 6
Design Storm Frequency 50-yr
Fire Factor 0
LID False
Output Results
Modeled (50-yr) Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Peak Intensity (in/hr) 4.6239
Undeveloped Runoff Coefficient (Cu) 0.9
Developed Runoff Coefficient (Cd) 0.9
Time of Concentration (min) 5.0
Clear Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 2.9546
Burned Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 2.9546
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (ac-ft) 0.3654
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (cu-ft) 15915.2903
Peak Flow Hydrologic Analysis
File location: P:/C/CVEN-176/Admin/Reports/Hydrology/Appendix C - HydroCalc/Proposed/CVEN-176 - A1_100.pdf Version: HydroCalc 1.0.3
Input Parameters
Project Name CVEN-176
Subarea ID A1_100
Area (ac) 0.71
Flow Path Length (ft) 214.0
Flow Path Slope (vft/hft) 0.01
50-yr Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Percent Impervious 0.85
Soil Type 6
Design Storm Frequency 100-yr
Fire Factor 0
LID False
Output Results
Modeled (100-yr) Rainfall Depth (in) 8.6955
Peak Intensity (in/hr) 5.188
Undeveloped Runoff Coefficient (Cu) 0.9
Developed Runoff Coefficient (Cd) 0.9
Time of Concentration (min) 5.0
Clear Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 3.3151
Burned Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 3.3151
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (ac-ft) 0.4116
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (cu-ft) 17928.6224
Peak Flow Hydrologic Analysis
File location: P:/C/CVEN-176/Admin/Reports/Hydrology/Appendix C - HydroCalc/Proposed/CVEN-176 - A2_25.pdf Version: HydroCalc 1.0.3
Input Parameters
Project Name CVEN-176
Subarea ID A2_25
Area (ac) 0.34
Flow Path Length (ft) 121.0
Flow Path Slope (vft/hft) 0.01
50-yr Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Percent Impervious 0.85
Soil Type 6
Design Storm Frequency 25-yr
Fire Factor 0
LID False
Output Results
Modeled (25-yr) Rainfall Depth (in) 6.8045
Peak Intensity (in/hr) 4.0598
Undeveloped Runoff Coefficient (Cu) 0.8788
Developed Runoff Coefficient (Cd) 0.8968
Time of Concentration (min) 5.0
Clear Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 1.2379
Burned Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 1.2379
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (ac-ft) 0.153
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (cu-ft) 6664.6593
Peak Flow Hydrologic Analysis
File location: P:/C/CVEN-176/Admin/Reports/Hydrology/Appendix C - HydroCalc/Proposed/CVEN-176 - A2_50.pdf Version: HydroCalc 1.0.3
Input Parameters
Project Name CVEN-176
Subarea ID A2_50
Area (ac) 0.34
Flow Path Length (ft) 121.0
Flow Path Slope (vft/hft) 0.01
50-yr Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Percent Impervious 0.85
Soil Type 6
Design Storm Frequency 50-yr
Fire Factor 0
LID False
Output Results
Modeled (50-yr) Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Peak Intensity (in/hr) 4.6239
Undeveloped Runoff Coefficient (Cu) 0.9
Developed Runoff Coefficient (Cd) 0.9
Time of Concentration (min) 5.0
Clear Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 1.4149
Burned Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 1.4149
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (ac-ft) 0.175
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (cu-ft) 7621.4066
Peak Flow Hydrologic Analysis
File location: P:/C/CVEN-176/Admin/Reports/Hydrology/Appendix C - HydroCalc/Proposed/CVEN-176 - A2_100.pdf Version: HydroCalc 1.0.3
Input Parameters
Project Name CVEN-176
Subarea ID A2_100
Area (ac) 0.34
Flow Path Length (ft) 121.0
Flow Path Slope (vft/hft) 0.01
50-yr Rainfall Depth (in) 7.75
Percent Impervious 0.85
Soil Type 6
Design Storm Frequency 100-yr
Fire Factor 0
LID False
Output Results
Modeled (100-yr) Rainfall Depth (in) 8.6955
Peak Intensity (in/hr) 5.188
Undeveloped Runoff Coefficient (Cu) 0.9
Developed Runoff Coefficient (Cd) 0.9
Time of Concentration (min) 5.0
Clear Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 1.5875
Burned Peak Flow Rate (cfs) 1.5875
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (ac-ft) 0.1971
24-Hr Clear Runoff Volume (cu-ft) 8585.5375
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MEMORANDUM
TO: Kevin Merrill, City of Arcadia
FROM: Richard Gibson and Lauren Lariviere
DATE: September 17, 2025
RE: Site Access Peer Review for the
101 W. Huntington Drive Project
Arcadia, California Ref: J2202
Gibson Transportation Consulting, Inc. (GTC) reviewed Arcadia Site Traffic Impact Analysis, City of Arcadia, California (TJW Engineering, Inc., June 18, 2025) (TIA) and Re: 101 W.
Huntington Drive Project – Traffic Comments and TIA Analysis (Cox, Castle & Nicholson, LLP, June 19, 2025) (Comment Letter) for the 101 W. Huntington Drive Project (Project) in the City of Arcadia, California (City). GTC’s review was limited to access issues raised by the City, including queue lengths, sight distance, turning movements, and safety of Project driveways.
GTC finds the methodology used in the TIA and subsequent Comment Letter to be consistent with industry standards. Given the minimal peak hour trip generation, the conclusions of the TIA are likely accurate; however, GTC has several comments and recommendations that will help strengthen the TIA and add important information to expand the analysis of site access and circulation.
This memorandum summarizes GTC’s review and recommendations that may be included in an updated version of the TIA.
COMMENTS ON TIA
Site Plan
Setbacks – The City requires the first parking space to be set back from the property line by a minimum of 20 feet to allow for one vehicle to queue while waiting for the parking space.
In this case, the parking spaces associated with Units 18 and 34 are within that 20-foot setback and could potentially cause issues with cars blocking the public sidewalk. However, this is a residential development, and the parking in question is for residents only; as such, the instances of cars waiting for a parking space at Units 18 or 34 should be minimal.
Similarly, any swapping of positions in the tandem spaces can be accommodated on-site within the circulation aisle and should not block the public sidewalk at the Project driveways.
Kevin Merrill
September 17, 2025