I HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing resolution was passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Arvin at a regular meeting thereof held on the 25th day of October 2022 by the following vote:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
ATTEST
CECILIA VELA, City Clerk
CITY OF ARVIN
By:
OLIVIA TRUJILLO, Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
By:
NATHAN HODGES, City Attorney
Hodges Law Group
I, ______________________________, City Clerk of the City of Arvin, California, DO HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing is a true and accurate copy of the Resolution passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Arvin on the date and by the vote indicated herein.
4.L.2
Attachment: Resolution re Notice of Completion Cen Cal Construction Langford Sidewalk & Paving Project (Notice of Completion Langford Ave Recording Requested By:
For the benefit of the
CITY OF ARVIN
When Recorded Mail to:
City of Arvin
City Clerk
200 Campus Drive, P.O. Box 548
Arvin, CA 93203
NOTICE OF COMPLETION
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT:
1. The undersigned is OWNER or Agent of the OWNER of the interest or estate stated below in the property hereinafter described.
2. The FULL NAME of the OWNER is City of Arvin
3. The FULL ADDRESS of the OWNER is 200 Campus Drive, Arvin, CA 93203
4. The NATURE OF THE INTEREST or ESTATE of the undersigned is: In Fee. (if other than fee, Strike "In Fee" and insert, for example, "Purchaser under contract of purchase," or "Lessee.")
5. The FULL NAMES and FULL ADDRESSES of ALL PERSONS, if any, WHO HOLD SUCH INTEREST or ESTATE with the undersigned as JOINT TENANTS IN COMMON are:
Names
N/A
Addresses
N/A
6. The full names and full addresses of the predecessors in interest of the undersigned if the property was transferred subsequent to the commencement of the work of improvement herein referred to:
Names
N/A
Addresses
N/A
7. A work of improvement on the property hereinafter described was COMPLETED September 1, 2022
8. The work of improvement completed is described as follows:
Langford Avenue Sidewalk and Paving Project (TDA
Article III Project)
9. The NAME OF THE ORIGINAL CONTRACTOR, if any, for such work of improvement is:
J.L. Plank, Inc. DBA Cen-Cal
Construction
10. The street address of said property is: Langford Avenue and South A Street
11. The property on which said work of improvement was completed is in the City of Arvin County of Kern, State of California, and is described as follows:
Sidewalk, curb, gutter, and street improvements
October 26, 2022
Date Jeff Jones, City Manager
Verification for INDIVIDUAL owner
I, the undersigned, declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that I am the owner of the aforesaid interest or estate in the property described in the above notice; that I have said notice, that I know and understand the contents thereof, and that the facts stated therein are true and correct.
Date and Place Signature of Owner named in paragraph 2
Verification for NON-INDIVIDUAL owner: I, the undersigned, declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that I am the City Manager of the aforesaid interest or estate in the property described in the above notice; that I have read the said notice, that I know and understand the contents thereof, and that the facts stated therein are true and correct.
October 26, 2022 Arvin, California
Date and Place Jeff Jones, City Manager
SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO before me on
Cecilia Vela, City Clerk
4.L.3
Attachment: Notice of Completion Langford & A Street TDA Article 3 DRAFT (Notice of Completion Langford Ave Sidewalk & Paving Project) Staff Report – Ordinance Amending Sections of Title 5 Business Taxes, Licenses, and Regulations.
CITY OF ARVIN
Staff Report
Meeting Date: October 25, 2022
TO: Arvin City Council
FROM: Cecilia Vela, City Clerk
Jeff Jones, City Manager
SUBJECT: A Public Hearing to Consider Adoption of An Ordinance of the City Council of the City of Arvin Amending the Arvin Municipal Code Sections 5.04.090 and
5.04.120; and Removing Section 5.04.100; and Sections 5.04.140 through
5.04.180 of Chapter 5.04 of Title 5 Business Taxes, Licenses and Regulations.
BACKGROUND:
City staff conducted an analysis of business license fees assessed by other Kern County cities including Tehachapi, McFarland, California City, Taft, Ridgecrest, Wasco, and Delano. The fee schedules from these cities are included as part of the agenda handouts. Some cities base their fees on annual gross receipts which in most cases result in significantly higher business license fees than those assessed by the City of Arvin, ranging between $50 to $500+ per year and some cities charge a quarterly or annual base fee or review fee ranging from $15 to $150, plus additional fees such as gross receipt fees ranging from $20 to $500+, plus an additional fee per working/hired employee, and/or an additional fee depending on the type of business.
For example, an administrative office may be charged a $15 base fee plus a $100 annual fee, plus a sales and services fee ranging from $65 to $2,000 depending on annual gross receipts. Another example, a barber/beauty shop is charged a $15 base fee, plus a $65 annual fee per barber/beautician, plus a sales and services fee ranging from $65 to $2,000 depending on annual gross receipts.
The City desires to continue its established policy of recovering the full costs reasonably borne, as established by Chapter 3.32 Fee and Services Charge Revenue/Cost Comparison System and desires to increase certain existing fees to more accurately reflect the current costs of providing such services. Several sections of Chapter 5.04 are outdated and no longer provide reasonable or feasible licensing fees and regulations. First reading and introduction of this Ordinance was considered and approved by the Arvin City Council on September 27, 2022.
Pursuant to Government Code Sections 66014, 66016, 66017, and 66018, the specific fees to be charged for certain regulations, services and products may be adopted by ordinance or by resolution, following notice and public hearing.
City staff proposes that business license fees, authorized under this title, are to be determined from time to time in the amount prescribed by resolution of the City Council. City staff will return with a Resolution for proposed fees for business licensing to be added to the Citywide Master Fee Schedule to be considered by the City Council at a future meeting.
5.A.1
Attachment: Staff Report Amending Ordinance for Business Licensing Title 5_Second Reading_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Staff Report – Ordinance Amending Sections of Title 5 Business Taxes, Licenses, and Regulations.
STAFF RECOMMENDATION:
Staff recommends the City Council consider adopting the Ordinance to be read by title only, open the hearing, allow for public testimony, close the hearing, waive second reading of the Ordinance, and approve the adoption of the Ordinance.
FINANCIAL IMPACT:
None
ATTACHMENTS:
Ordinance
Business License Fees from other Kern County Cities
5.A.1
Attachment: Staff Report Amending Ordinance for Business Licensing Title 5_Second Reading_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amendments to Title 5 Business Taxes, Licenses, & Regulations.
ORDINANCE NO. _______
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ARVIN
AMENDING THE ARVIN MUNICIPAL CODE SECTIONS 5.04.090 AND
5.040.120; AND REMOVING SECTION 5.04.100; AND SECTIONS 5.04.140 THROUGH 5.04.180 OF CHAPTER 5.04 OF TITLE 5 BUSINESS TAXES, LICENSES AND REGULATIONS.
WHEREAS, in 1961 the City Council adopted Ordinance No. 12, codified as Chapter 5.04 of Title 5 – Business Taxes, Licenses and Regulations in the Arvin Municipal Code; and WHEREAS, Chapter 5.04.040 of the Arvin Municipal Code establishes that it is unlawful for any person to transact and carry on any business, trade, profession, calling or occupation in the city without first having procured a license from the city to do so or without complying with any and all applicable provisions of this chapter; and
WHEREAS, several sections of Chapter 5.04 are outdated and no longer provide reasonable or feasible licensing fees and regulations; and WHEREAS, the City desires to continue its established policy of recovering the full costs reasonably borne, as established by Chapter 3.32 Fee and Services Charge Revenue/Cost Comparison System and desires to increase certain existing fees to more accurately reflect the current costs of providing such services; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to Government Code Sections 66014, 66016, 66017, and 66018, the specific fees to be charged for certain regulations, services and products may be adopted by ordinance or by resolution, following notice and public hearing; and WHEREAS, City staff proposes that business license fees, authorized under this title, are to be determined from time to time in the amount prescribed by resolution of the City Council; and
WHEREAS, on September 27, 2022 and October 11, 2022, the City Council conducted a duly noticed public hearing regarding this Ordinance, where it received presentations from City staff, oral and written testimony from members of the public; and WHEREAS, after the above-mentioned City Council public hearing, the City Council now desires to amend Sections 5.04.090 and 5.040.120; and remove Sections 5.04.100; and Sections
5.04.140 through 5.04.180 of Chapter 5.04 of Title 5 – Business Taxes, Licenses and Regulations of the Arvin Municipal Code; and
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5.A.2
Attachment: Ordinance Amending Sections of Title 5 Business Taxes, Licenses, and Regulations_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amendments to Title 5 Business Taxes, Licenses, & Regulations.
NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the City of Arvin does hereby ordain as follows:
Section 1. The Recitals set forth above are true and correct and incorporated herein.
Section 2. Amendment to Chapter 5.04. Section 5.04.090 – License – Nontransferable – Fee is hereby amended to read as follows:
5.04.090 - License—Nontransferable—Fee.
No license issued pursuant to this chapter shall be transferable.; provided that where a license is issued authorizing a person to transact and carry on a business at a particular place, such licensee may upon application therefor and paying a fee of one dollar ($1.00.00) have the license amended to authorize the transacting and carrying on of such business under such license at some other location to which the business is or is to be moved.
Section 3. Amendment to Chapter 5.04. Section 5.04.120 – License – Fees is hereby amended to read as follows:
5.04.120 - License—Fees.
All fees payable authorized under this title shall be determined from time to time in the amount prescribed by resolution of the city council.
All license fees payable under this chapter shall be due and payable in full as follows:
A. Annual License. In advance on the first day of January; B. Quarterly License Taxes. In advance on the first day of January, April, July and October of each year.
C. Monthly Licenses. On the first day of each and every month in advance; D. Daily Licenses. In advance each day.
Section 4. Amendment to Chapter 5.04. Sections 5.04.100; 5.04.140; 5.04.150;
5.04.160; 5.04.170; and 5.04.180 of Chapter 5.04 are hereby removed from the Arvin Municipal Code.
5.04.100 - License—Duplicate.
A. A duplicate license may be issued by the city clerk to replace any license previously issued under this chapter which has been lost or destroyed upon the licensee filing statement of such fact, and at the time of filing such statement paying to the city clerk a duplicate license fee of one dollar ($1.00)
5.04.140 - License tax—Flat rate.
Every person transacting and carrying on the business enumerated in this section shall pay a license tax in the amount following the description of the business:
A. Auctioneer, except one limited to auctioning real estate, without a fixed place of business in the city, ten dollars ($10.00) per day;
B. Bus for transportation of passengers for hire where such operation has a terminal point for receiving or discharging passengers in the city or an office therein, ten dollars (§10.00) per year;
5.A.2
Attachment: Ordinance Amending Sections of Title 5 Business Taxes, Licenses, and Regulations_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amendments to Title 5 Business Taxes, Licenses, & Regulations.
C. Fire sales, damaged goods sales, closing out sales, twenty-five dollars ($25.00) per day;
D. Hotels, motels, lodginghouses, trailer courts, cabins or courts, five dollars ($5.00) per quarter;
E. Peddlers-as per Chapter 5.05 of this title;
F. Packing houses, processing houses, cotton gin and similar establishments, twenty-five dollars ($25.00) per year;
G. Palmist, fortuneteller, clairvoyant, one hundred dollars ($100.00) per quarter; H. Shows, theaters, carnivals or exhibitions not having a fixed place of business in the city, two hundred dollars ($200.00) per day;
I. Skating rink, five dollars ($5.00) per quarter;
J. Skee ball or other mechanical contrivance wherein and whereby balls are manually thrown at objects or into slots or holes, or shuffleboard or bowling machines or similar devices, or for operating or offering for use any jukebox or any mechanical device wherein and whereby the public is invited to insert coins to secure the playing of musical selections, two and one-half dollars ($2.50) per quarter for each machine, device or contrivance;
K. Trading stamps: The selling to any person in the city of any stamps, coupons, tickets, cards or other devices to be issued by the vendee to the vendee's customers, and which stamps or other devices entitle said customers to procure from the issuer or any other person, any goods, wares or merchandise free of charge upon the presentation of one (1) or a number of such stamps, coupons, tickets, cards or other devices, twenty-five dollars ($25.00) per quarter;
L. 1. Arcades. Every person engaged in the business of an arcade, shall pay the city a license tax of two (2) cents for each dollar of gross receipts realized and returned to such person from such business. The license tax shall be paid annually within thirty (30) days from the end of the city's fiscal year, and each such person shall place and have on deposit with the city a security deposit of one hundred dollars ($100.00). The security deposit shall be returned to the licensee upon a termination of the license, provided that at the time all license taxes of such person payable to the city have been fully paid,
2. Amusement Machine. The term "amusement machine," as used in this chapter, means any mechanical, electrical, electronic or other machine, apparatus, contrivance or device which may be operated or played by the placing or deposit therein of a coin, check, slug, ball, token, card or other article, or by paying for the use thereof in advance or after use, involving in its operation or play either skill or chance, including but not limited to pinball machines, bowling game machines, shuffleboard machines, marble game machines, video game machines, or any other similar machine or device. The term "amusement machine" does not include phonographs, jukeboxes or other music machines,
3. Arcade. The word "arcade," for purposes of this chapter, means any business with a fixed place of business which maintains on the business premises two (2) or more amusement machines available for use and play by the public generally or by patrons of such business, whether the business of arcade is conducted as a single business or in conjunction with another business.
5.04.150 - License tax—Other fixed businesses.
5.A.2
Attachment: Ordinance Amending Sections of Title 5 Business Taxes, Licenses, and Regulations_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amendments to Title 5 Business Taxes, Licenses, & Regulations.
Every person who engages in business at a fixed place of business within the city and is not subject to the provisions of Section 5.04.140 shall pay an annual license tax of thirty dollars ($30.00) per year.
5.04.160 - License tax—Wholesale delivery by vehicle.
Every person not having a fixed place of business in the city who is not subject to the provisions of Section 5.04.140 and who delivers, for wholesale purposes, goods, wares or merchandise or any kind by vehicle in the city shall pay a license tax of five dollars ($5.00) per quarter.
5.04.170 - License tax—Other outside businesses.
Every person not having a fixed place of business within the city who engages in business within the city and is not subject to the provisions of Section 5.04.140 or Section
5.04.160 shall pay a license tax of forty-five dollars ($45.00) per year.
5.04.180 - License tax—Procuration.
Whenever a business is first commenced during the year, the license tax shall be prorated for the number of months remaining in the year after the first day of the month in which such business is commenced provided, however, that the minimum license fee in any event under any proration shall be equal to one-half (½) of the yearly license fee for such business. There shall be no proration of quarterly, monthly or daily license fees.
Section 5. This Ordinance shall take effect and be in full force and effect from and after thirty (30) calendar days after its final passage and adoption. Within fifteen (15) calendar days after its adoption, the Ordinance, or a summary of the Ordinance, shall be published once in a newspaper of general circulation.
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5.A.2
Attachment: Ordinance Amending Sections of Title 5 Business Taxes, Licenses, and Regulations_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amendments to Title 5 Business Taxes, Licenses, & Regulations.
I HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing Ordinance was introduced by the City Council after waiving reading, except by Title, at a regular meeting thereof held on the 27th day of September 2022, and adopted the Ordinance after the second reading at a regular meeting held on the 25th day of October 2022, by the following roll call vote:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
ATTEST
CECILIA VELA, City Clerk
CITY OF ARVIN
By:
OLIVIA TRUJILLO, Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
By:
NATHAN HODGES, City Attorney
Hodges Law Group
I, ______________________________, City Clerk of the City of Arvin, California, DO HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing is a true and accurate copy of the Ordinance passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Arvin on the date and by the vote indicated herein.
5.A.2
Attachment: Ordinance Amending Sections of Title 5 Business Taxes, Licenses, and Regulations_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading -
5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business
5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business City of McFarland
5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business City of McFarland
5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business City of California City
5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business City of Taft
5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business
5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business City of Ridgecrest 5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business City of Ridgecrest 5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business
5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business
5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business
5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business
5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business
5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business
5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business
5.A.3
Attachment: Business License Fees of Other Kern County Cities_102522 (Public Hearing: 2nd Reading - Ordinance Amending Title 5 Business
CITY OF ARVIN
Staff Report
Meeting Date: October 25, 2022
TO: Arvin City Council
FROM: Alex Ghazalpour, Acting Chief of Police
Megan Miller, Human & Community Resources Manager
Jeff Jones, City Manager
SUBJECT: Approval of Implementation of the Police K9 Program and Budget Authorization for Purchase of Two K9’s for the Arvin Police Department.
BACKGROUND:
The Arvin Police Department, as a small agency, with a high volume of calls for service, need tools to do the work with greater efficiency and effectiveness. With all additions to the Police Department, there should be a benefit to the community as well as the department. The addition of a K9 unit would provide an additional feeling of safety to the community by quicker apprehensions of criminals and better detection of illegal contraband.
A well-managed and successful Police K9 Unit can be an essential asset to a department if staffed and used strategically. Police K9’s assist with reducing Officer’s time in the searching for suspects, narcotics, explosives, or weapons. A Police K9 has been shown to reduce the need and incidents precipitating uses of force.
A K9 unit for a police department is a specialized unit that assist patrol. Specialized units, like K9, within a police department provide opportunities for established officers to diversify their career beyond patrol duties. For a smaller department like Arvin Police Department adding specialized units can aid in retention of experienced Police Officers and attract high caliber recruits.
Retention
The City of Arvin Police Department has experienced consistent change and turn over in the staffing. In the last 12 months, we have lost four talented officers to larger agencies and several looking outside for more opportunity.
In doing some assessments of what we can do to prevent this turnover within the police department while also enhancing public safety, implementing specialized units within the Arvin Police Department will help. The first is the Police K9 Unit. This program will be spearheaded by one of our own that has extensive experience and knowledge in this arena. Sergeant Bret Barker has spent much of his life surrounded by Police Service dogs and will offer so much to our department in leading this charge.
The time frame to bring on officers is typically 3 months or longer due to the three-phase hiring and background duration. Additionally, each new officer costs the city in upwards of $20,000.00
6.A.1
Attachment: K9 Staff Report (Approval for purchase and implementation of a Police K9 Unit in the Arvin Police Department) per officer for training, equipment, FTO, backgrounds, etc. The new standards of California POST and the guidelines set forth by City administration also adds a layer of additional vetting to ensure our officers being brought on board have the appropriate experience, background, and share our key values of not only upholding the law but doing it with community policing and empathy at the paramount in their profession.
K9 Deployment Effectiveness
Handlers typically deploy their K9 partners in a variety of situations such as, vehicle searches for narcotics, area searches and where a violent suspect is fighting with or fleeing from officers.
They are also utilized to locate suspects who may be hiding in heavy vegetation, debris or inside buildings. The K9’s speed, agility and heightened sense of smell make them a powerful tool in locating and apprehending dangerous criminals.
The approval and adoption of this program will allow us to retain officers, make the APD a more desirable agency to work for as the K9 handler position is a highly sought after and coveted position in all agencies, and add a layer of protection to the officers and apprehend subjects in a highly effective and safer way.
Studies have found that the mere presence of a K9 can resolve most conflicts.
STAFF RECOMMENDATION:
Approval of the proposed Police K9 program and budget authorization for the purchase of two K9’s for the Arvin Police Department. If approved, the contract for purchase of the K9’s will be provided to the City Council for consideration at a future meeting.
FINANCIAL IMPACT
Each dog is an estimated $43,000.00 turnkey, meaning the Police dog, the K9’s training, the handlers training, all equipment for the K9, the vehicle outfitting, etc.
The ongoing annual impact is under $10,000.00 per dog for ongoing training, vet costs, K9 food and handler stipends.
The funds can be used from grant funding, donations, and ARPA funds, for employees that we have available allocated for employees and retention.
ATTACHMENTS:
PowerPoint presentation, Sergeant Bret Barker
6.A.1
Attachment: K9 Staff Report (Approval for purchase and implementation of a Police K9 Unit in the Arvin Police Department) ARVIN POLICE K9 PROPOSAL
Presented by Sgt. Bret Barker
NEED
• Currently the Arvin Police Department has a high
number of calls for service with just a few Officers
each shift.
• Of those calls there are burglary calls, domestic
disturbance calls, missing persons calls, and violent
crimes.
• Arvin Police Department is experiencing an issue
recruiting and retaining top candidates as there are
no specialized units to provide additional
opportunities to Officers as they gain experience.
BENEFITS
• Community safety by quick apprehension
of criminals and use in locating and seizing
illegal contraband through K9 detection
• K9 unit supports a higher level of officer
safety due to saving critical time during
searches, reduces resistance during
apprehensions thereby protecting Officers
from unnecessary injury gaining compliance.
• One dog team can save a department
over 700-man hours a year in looking for
contraband, and people.
• Increase effectiveness of Officers by
reducing use of force incidents. Studies have
found that the mere presence of a K9 can
resolve most conflicts.
COST
• A K9 Unit has more than just an initial
cost of the dog and basic training for the
team. A department will need to provide
food, veterinary care, maintenance training,
and handler per diem.
• The dog can cost $10,000 to $15,000
• Initial training and certification of the
Officer and the dog is $11,500 to $15,000
• Monthly maintenance training per year
$3,500 - $18,000
• Initial cost to convert a patrol vehicle to
a K9 unit - $7,000
• Annual cost of food will be $700 -
$1,000.
• Veterinary care will include an initial
health screening, annual vaccinations, teeth
cleanings, and care for any injuries. It can
average $300 - $500 annually.
COMMON BREEDS
• The most common breeds for police service dogs are
the Dutch Shepherd, the German Shepherd, and the
Malinois.
• These breeds have proven to be the most consistent
and reliable for detection and apprehension work.
• Most police dogs are imported from Europe and
selected from breeders specializing in this temperament of dog.
• Police dogs will generally start their career around 1 1/2 - 3 years old.
SEARCHES, APPREHENSION, AND
DETECTION
• The K9 unit typically responds to the scene for
searches for people or contraband.
• They are used to search vehicles, buildings, and
large areas like fields.
• A K9 unit will generally respond to alarm calls as
the swiftness that a trained K9 can search a
building is faster and safer than an Officer
searching.
• Studies have found that the mere presence of a
K9 unit at the scene of a disturbance will resolve
most conflicts.