SS Item A-3 — Beverly Hills City Council, August 15, 2023 (part 2 of 2)

Measures BE 1.1-1.5 aim to reduce GHG emissions by increasing energy efficiency in homes and businesses by reducing electricity and natural gas use. The energy efficiency measures build on the City of Beverly Hills’ successful water conservation program, by increasing consumer access to 13 USEPA. 2018. Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018- 03/documents/emission-factors_mar_2018_0.pdf. Accessed May 16, 2021.

Buildings – Existing (BE)
Beverly Hills Climate Action and Adaptation Plan 19
energy use information, promoting existing utility incentives and programs, and exploring the development of city-funded incentive programs.14
Methodology and Assumptions
Emissions reductions from implementing measures BE1.1-1.5 are the result of decreased electricity and natural gas use in existing buildings.

Measure BE 1.3 is a voluntary measure, which means it is elective and not required to be implemented by applicable individuals and projects. Incentives may be offered but are not assumed.

The GHG reduction model assumes an average voluntary participation rate of about one percent for residential and commercial buildings through 2045. This assumption is a conservative estimate based on current water saving programs in the City (3%).15 The model also assumes that the utility incentive programs support the common types of energy efficiency upgrades and energy use reductions that are outlined in the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Advanced Energy Retrofit Guides, the California Energy Commission’s (CEC) Options for Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings, and the CEC’s Large Scale Residential Retrofit Program. Average electricity and natural gas reductions documented in these studies for each type of energy efficiency program (i.e., commercial building retrocommissioning, commercial building retrofit, and residential building retrofit) are assumed and applied to amount of commercial square footage and the number of residential buildings that are expected to participate in the program. Table 15 and Table 16, below, present the relevant inputs and assumptions from these studies and others for residential and commercial buildings, respectively. Table 17 and Table 18 detail the 2030 GHG emission reduction calculations for residential and commercial buildings, respectively.

Table 15 Measure BE 1.3 2030 Residential GHG Emission Reduction Inputs and Assumptions
Variable Value Source
Annual Residential Building
Participation Retrofit
(households/year)
135 The program assumes an average of 135 residential
buildings are retrofit per year. This is approximately one percent of total the residential buildings stock.

Voluntary programs have been shown to achieve up to
ten percent uptake, making this estimate conservative.

Evaluating the Impacts of Education/Outreach
Programs: Lessons on Impacts, Methods, and Optimal
Education
Residential Building Annual Electricity
Savings (kWh/household/year)
570 CEC Large Scale Residential Retrofit Program
Residential Building Retrofit Annual
Natural Gas Savings
(therm/household/year)
53 CEC Large Scale Residential Retrofit Program
Natural Gas Emission Factor
(MT CO2e/therm)

0.005323 Natural gas emissions are generally consistent across time and region.

U.S. EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
14 See information on Beverly Hills’ water conservation program on the City’s website, available at:
https://www.beverlyhills.org/departments/publicworks/recyclingandconservation/waterconservation/. 15 Participation rate assumptions are based on local data provided by Beverly Hills’ water conservation program. Voluntary and/or incentivized programs (i.e. free water audits) saw citywide participation rates of 3% in 2020 and 2021. These participation rates are lowered for this GHG reduction model due to current lack of dedicated program staff member.

City of Beverly Hills
Appendix C - Measure Quantification and Substantial Evidence 20 Variable Value Source
Weighted Electricity Emission Factor
(MT CO2e/kWh)

0.0000333 Emission factor for 2030 is weighted between the CPA and SCE emission factors based on estimated
participation rates from Measure CE 2.1 (i.e., 75 percent from CPA 100% Green Power and 25 percent from SCE)
and estimated to reflect consistency with the
Renewable Portfolio Standard (i.e., SB 100).1
Notes: sq ft = square feet; kWh = kilowatt-hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

1. See Table 9 for the SCE and CPA’s 100% Green Power emission factors used to calculate the weighted emission factor.

Table 16 Measure BE 1.3 2030 Commercial GHG Emission Reduction Inputs and Assumptions
Variable Value Source
Annual Commercial Buildings
Participation (buildings/year)
35 The program assumes an average of 35 commercial
buildings are retrocommissioned/retrofit per year. This is about one percent of total commercial buildings.

Voluntary programs have been shown to achieve up to
ten percent uptake, making this estimate conservative.

Evaluating the Impacts of Education/Outreach
Programs: Lessons on Impacts, Methods, and Optimal
Education
Average Commercial Building Size (sq ft) 5,000 A Look at the U.S. Commercial Building Stock: Results from EIA's 2012 Commercial Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey (CBECS)
Average Electricity Use per Square Foot
(kWh/sq ft)
18 Estimated by dividing forecasted commercial electricity use by the estimated commercial square footage.

Commercial square footage is estimated using
forecasted jobs (from SCAG) and the assumption that
every four jobs require 1,000 square feet from a San
Jose employment land analysis.

Strategic Economics San Jose Market Overview and
Employment Land Analysis
SCAG Demographics and Growth Forecast.

Average Natural Gas Use per Square
Foot (therms/sq ft)

0.3 Estimated by dividing forecasted commercial natural gas use by the estimated commercial square footage.

Commercial Building Retrocommisioning
Annual Electricity Savings
(kWh/sq ft/year)

1.3 CEC Options for Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings Commercial Building Retrocommisioning
Annual Natural Gas Savings
(therm/sq ft/year)

0.065 CEC Options for Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings Commercial Building Retrofit Annual
Electricity Savings (kWh/sq ft/year)
10% U.S. DOE Advanced Energy Retrofit Guide: Retail
Buildings
U.S. DOE Advanced Energy Retrofit Guide: Office
Buildings
Commercial Building Retrofit Annual
Natural Gas Savings (therm/sq ft/year)
10% U.S. DOE Advanced Energy Retrofit Guide: Retail
Buildings
U.S. DOE Advanced Energy Retrofit Guide: Office
Buildings
Buildings – Existing (BE)
Beverly Hills Climate Action and Adaptation Plan 21
Variable Value Source
Natural Gas Emission Factor
(MT CO2e/therm)

0.005323 Natural gas emissions are generally consistent across time and region.

U.S. EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
Weighted Electricity Emission Factor
(MT CO2e/kWh)

1. See Table 9 for the SCE and CPA’s 100% Green Power emission factors used to calculate the weighted emission factor.

Table 17 Measure BE 1.3 2030 Residential GHG Emission Reduction Calculations Residential Building Retrofit
Number of Buildings Retrofitted (households) 106
Electricity Saved (kWh) 408,224
Natural Gas Saved (therms) 53,203
GHG Emission Reductions (MT CO2e) 297
Notes: sq ft = square feet; kWh = kilowatt-hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

Table 18 Measure BE 1.3 2030 Commercial GHG Emission Reduction Calculations Commercial Building
Retrocommisioning
Commercial
Building Retrofit
Number of Buildings Retrocommissioned/Retrofitted (buildings) 32 32 Electricity Saved (kWh) 1,562,100 2,198,174
Natural Gas Saved (therms) 78,105 36,098
GHG Emission Reductions (MT CO2e) 468 265
Notes: sq ft = square feet; kWh = kilowatt-hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

Measures BE 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.5 are categorized as supportive measures meaning that no direct emissions reductions result from implementation but implementing these measures either aids in the implementation of measures with direct emissions reductions or enhances the GHG reductions.

For example, providing financial incentives increases the likelihood that individuals will install energy efficiency improvements in buildings, therefore supporting the implementation of measure BE 1.3 but their existence alone does not result in GHG emission reductions.

Data Sources
California Energy Commission (CEC). Options for Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings (2005).

Available at: https://www.calmac.org/publications/CEC-400-2005-039-CMF.pdf California Energy Commission (CEC) and Davis Energy Group. Large Scale Residential Retrofit Program (2017).

City of Beverly Hills
Appendix C - Measure Quantification and Substantial Evidence 22 City of Beverly Hills. Water Conservation. Available at:
https://www.beverlyhills.org/departments/publicworks/recyclingandconservation/waterco nservation/.

Green et al. Evaluating the Impacts of Education/Outreach Programs: Lessons on Impacts, Methods, and Optimal Education. Available at:
https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2000/data/papers/SS00_Panel8_Paper10.pdf.

Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Connect SoCal. Demographics and Growth Forecast. https://www.connectsocal.org/Documents/Draft/dConnectSoCal_DemographicsAnd-Growth-Forecast.pdf.

Strategic Economics. San Jose Market Overview and Employment Land Analysis (2016). Available at:
https://www.sanjoseca.gov/home/showdocument?id=22529
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Advanced Energy Retrofit Guide: Office Buildings (2011). Available at: https://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-20761.pdf.

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Advanced Energy Retrofit Guide: Retail Buildings (2011). Available at: https://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-20814.pdf.

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). A Look at the U.S. Commercial Building Stock: Results from EIA's 2012 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) (2015). Available at: https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/reports/.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2022). https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022- 04/ghg_emission_factors_hub.pdf
Decarbonization Measures
BE 2.1 Retrofit existing gas infrastructure
BE 2.2 Phased-in Decarbonization Plan
BE 2.3 Burnout Ordinance
BE 2.4 Decarbonization Plan for city facilities
GHG Emissions Reduction Summary
Measure 2030 Reduction (MTCO2e) 2045 Reduction (MTCO2e) BE 2.1 Retrofit existing gas infrastructure 0 0
BE 2.2 Phased-in Decarbonization Plan 0 0
BE 2.3 Burnout Ordinance 11,868 55,943
BE 2.4 Decarbonization Plan for city facilities 0 0
Subsector Total 11,868 55,943
Background
Electricity use in residential and nonresidential buildings accounts for 24 percent of community emissions and natural gas use accounts for 21 percent of community emissions in Beverly Hills in 2019. Most of the building-related emissions are attributable to the existing building stock, which is less energy efficient than new construction. Sources of energy use in buildings include space conditioning, water heating, lighting, appliances, and plug loads. GHG emissions have historically Buildings – Existing (BE)
Beverly Hills Climate Action and Adaptation Plan 23
been from grid-delivered electricity and the on-site combustion of natural gas. Electricity purchased from SCE generates GHG emissions at a specific rate, while each electricity option purchased from CPA also generate GHG emission at varying rates depending on the amount of renewable and GHGfree electricity included in the electricity source mix. GHG emissions associated with community natural gas consumption are based on default emission factors obtained from the U.S. EPA. 16 Since the carbon intensity associated with electricity provided by CPA is less than that of natural gas, a primary way to reduce emissions is to switch natural gas-powered appliances and building systems to an electric or other carbon-free energy source alternative. Common natural gas-powered appliances in buildings include water heaters, furnaces, cooktops, and clothes dryers. Transitioning water and space heating equipment to efficient electric heat pumps can significantly reduce emissions. Furthermore, CARB included a measure in the 2022 State Strategy for the State Implementation Plan that beginning in 2030, 100 percent of sales of new space and water heaters (for either new construction or replacement of burned-out equipment in existing buildings) would need to meet zero-emission standards. It is expected that this regulation would rely heavily on heat pump technologies currently being sold to electrify new and existing homes.17 Measures BE 2.1-2.4 aim to reduce emissions by decarbonizing building equipment in existing buildings in Beverly Hills. This is achieved by transitioning natural gas-powered appliances to electricity. This strategy is effective in Beverly Hills due to their high participation rate in CPA (i.e., 99 percent).

Methodology and Assumptions
Emissions reductions from implementing measures BE 2.1-2.4 are the result of decreased natural gas use in existing buildings. Measures BE 2.1, 2.2, and 2.4 are supportive measures that do not result in direct emissions reductions; however, their implementation supports the overall decarbonization effort and the realization of emissions reductions from measure BE 2.3. Measure BE

2.3 is a phased-in measure that is voluntary and then requires mandatory compliance by 2027.

Incentives may be offered during both phases to encourage and support implementation but are not assumed in the analysis. Furthermore, the model assumes a minimum compliance rate of 74 percent by 2027. The GHG reduction model estimates emission reductions from the reduction in natural gas consumption as common residential and nonresidential natural gas appliances (i.e., water heaters and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) units) are replaced with electric alternatives upon burnout. Assumptions from various sources are made on the lifespan of the appliances and the portion of natural gas they account for in residential and nonresidential buildings. The emission reductions from the natural gas consumption avoided are slightly offset by the GHG emissions from the electricity used to power the appliances upon replacement. Electric appliances however are more energy efficient than their natural gas alternatives and the associated emissions decrease to zero as Beverly Hills’ electricity becomes less carbon intensive. Table 19 presents the inputs and assumptions made on each appliance for residential and nonresidential buildings. Table 20 and Table 21 detail the GHG emission reduction calculations for residential and nonresidential buildings, respectively.
16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2022). https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-04/ghg_emission_factors_hub.pdf. 17 California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2022 State Strategy for the State Implementation Plan (2022). Available at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-08/2022_State_SIP_Strategy.pdf.

City of Beverly Hills
Appendix C - Measure Quantification and Substantial Evidence 24 Table 19 Measure BE 2.3 2030 Residential and Nonresidential GHG Emission Reduction Inputs and Assumptions
Variable Value Source
Residential Natural Gas
Consumption (therms)
13,374,133 Forecasted residential natural gas consumption for 2030 minus the residential natural gas use avoided from new building electrification (i.e., BNC 2.1).

Nonresidential Natural Gas
Consumption (therms)
5,713,497 Forecasted nonresidential natural gas consumption for 2030 minus the nonresidential natural gas use avoided from new building electrification (i.e., BNC 2.1).

Average Water Heater Lifespan
(years)
10 Lowe’s How to Decide Between Water Heater Repair or
Replacement
Average HVAC Lifespan (years) 18 This Old House How Long Do Appliances and Parts of Your Home Last?
Natural Gas Consumption from
Water Heaters (%)
34 Synapse Energy Economics, Inc. Decarbonization of Heating Energy Use in California Buildings
Natural Gas Consumption from
HVAC’s (%)
40 Synapse Energy Economics, Inc. Decarbonization of Heating Energy Use in California Buildings
Ordinance Compliance Rate
(%)
74 With an ordinance compliance program, such as the one implemented in the City of Davis, California, cities can achieve higher compliance rates.

City of Davis Resale Inspection Brochure
Natural Gas Emission Factor
(MT CO2e/therm)

0.005323 Natural gas emissions are generally consistent across time and region.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Conversion Factor
(kWh/therm)

29.3 Wight Hat Ltd. Metric Conversions.

Efficiency of Electric
Equipment (%)
300 Heat pumps have energy efficiencies over 300 percent (i.e., can transfer 300 percent more energy than the electricity used to power it). While other types of electric equipment have varying energy efficiencies, space heating and water heating (the preferred technology) are the largest energy uses in buildings.

Baker Electric Home Energy Heat Pump Costs: A Guide for Southern California Homeowners
Weighted Electricity Emission
Factor (MT CO2e/kWh)

0.0000333 Emission factor for 2030 is weighted between the CPA and SCE emission factors based on estimated participation rates from Measure CE 2.1 (i.e., 75 percent from CPA 100% Green Power and 25 percent from SCE) and estimated to reflect consistency with the Renewable Portfolio Standard (i.e., SB 100).1
Notes: kWh = kilowatt-hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

1. See Table 9 for the SCE and CPA’s 100% Green Power emission factors used to calculate the weighted emission factor.

Buildings – Existing (BE)
Beverly Hills Climate Action and Adaptation Plan 25
Table 20 Measure BE 2.3 2030 Residential GHG Emission Reduction Calculations Residential Existing Building Electrification
Percentage of Homes with Replaced Water Heaters (%) 22
Natural Gas Reduction from Water Heater Replacement (%) 8 Percentage of Homes with Replaced HVAC’s (%) 12
Natural Gas Reduction from HVAC Replacement (%) 5
Natural Gas Consumption Avoided (therms) 1,668,142
GHG Emission Reductions from Natural Gas Consumption
Avoided (MT CO2e)
8,859
Electricity Consumption Increase (kWh) 16,292,245
GHG Emissions from Electricity (MT CO2e) 543
Net GHG Emissions Reductions (MT CO2e) 8,316
Notes: kWh = kilowatt-hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent Table 21 Measure BE 2.3 2030 Residential GHG Emission Reduction Calculations Nonresidential Existing Building Electrification
Percentage of Homes with Replaced Water Heaters (%) 22
Natural Gas Reduction from Water Heater Replacement (%) 8 Percentage of Homes with Replaced HVAC’s (%) 12
Natural Gas Reduction from HVAC Replacement (%) 5
Natural Gas Consumption Avoided (therms) 712,639
GHG Emission Reductions from Natural Gas Consumption
Avoided (MT CO2e)
3,785
Electricity Consumption Increase (kWh) 6,960,129
GHG Emissions from Electricity (MT CO2e) 232
Net GHG Emissions Reductions (MT CO2e) 3,553
Notes: kWh = kilowatt-hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent Data Sources
California Air Resources Board (CARB). State Strategy for the State Implementation Plan (2022).

Available at: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022- 08/2022_State_SIP_Strategy.pdf.

City of Davis. Resale Inspection Brochure. Available at:
https://www.cityofdavis.org/home/showpublisheddocument/472/635607679738200000.

Lowe’s. How to Decide Between Water Heater Repair or Replacement (2022). Available at:
https://www.lowes.com/n/how-to/when-to-replace-a-water-heater.

This Old House. How Long Do Appliances and Parts of Your Home Last? Available at:
https://www.thisoldhouse.com/21018361/how-long-things-last.

Synapse Energy Economics, Inc. Decarbonization of Heating Energy Use in California Buildings (2018). Available at: https://www.synapse-energy.com/sites/default/files/DecarbonizationHeating-CA-Buildings-17-092-1.pdf.

City of Beverly Hills
Appendix C - Measure Quantification and Substantial Evidence 26 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2022). https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022- 04/ghg_emission_factors_hub.pdf.

Wight Hat Ltd. Metric Conversions. Available at: https://www.metric-conversions.org/energy-andpower/therms-us-to-kilowatt-hours.htm.

Transportation and Land Use (TL)
Beverly Hills Climate Action and Adaptation Plan 27
Transportation and Land Use (TL)
Mode Shift Measures
TL 1.1 Complete Streets Plan
TL 1.2 Transit improvements
TL 1.3 Rideshare subscriptions
TL 1.4 Local Beverly Hills shuttle
TL 1.5 Parking standards study
TL 1.6 Explore mandatory transportation demand management program GHG Emissions Reduction Summary
Measure 2030 Reduction (MTCO2e) 2045 Reduction (MTCO2e) TL 1.1 Complete Streets Plan 2,631 5,966
TL 1.2 Transit improvements 0 0
Tl 1.3 Rideshare subscriptions 0 0
TL 1.4 Local Beverly Hills shuttle 0 0
TL 1.5 Parking standards study 0 0
TL 1.6 Explore mandatory transportation demand
management program
0 0
Subsector Total 2,631 5,966
Background
Transportation-related emissions are the largest contributor to communitywide emissions, accounting for 49 percent of total GHG emissions citywide. There are two ways to reduce emissions from the transportation system. One is by reducing the emissions associated with the transportation option (i.e., Zero emission vehicles) and the other is to reduce the amount of driving altogether.

Mode shift measures focus on reducing transportation related emissions by reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) through programs and policies that shift VMT away from single-occupancy vehicles to other modes including walking and biking, transit, and e-mobility, and transportation demand management programs and policies. These mode shift measures generate many co-benefits such as reduced congestion, safer conditions for walking and biking, and improved air quality.

Methodology and Assumptions
Measure TL 1.1 is implementing the following prioritized measures in the City’s Complete Streets Plan by 2028:
 Implementation of bikeways that are “low-stress,” are attractive for all types of riders, and minimize conflicts with motorists
 Implementation of bikeways that connect to key community nodes, like schools, parks, commercial districts, Metro Purple Line stations, and bikeways in neighboring jurisdictions  Design and maintain sidewalks, streets, and intersections to emphasize pedestrian safety and comfort through a variety of street/streetscape design and traffic management solutions City of Beverly Hills
Appendix C - Measure Quantification and Substantial Evidence 28  Increase multi-modal access and provide first-and last-mile connections to transit stops and stations
 Promote and incentivize the use of bus and rail to residents, employers/employees, and visitors GHG reductions are determined by measuring the effect these interventions have on shifting trips from SOVs to carpooling, walking, biking, or transit. The GHG reduction model assumes that these measures achieve a mode split of 1.3% in 2030 based on the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association’s (CAPCOA) Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity. 18 The CARB EMFAC2021 model is then
used to determine the emissions reduced as a result of reduced SOV VMT. Table 22 shows the key variables and sources for assumptions used to calculate the GHG emissions reductions associated with this mode shift. Mode shift (in number of trips) was translated into VMT using an average trip length for LA County along with emission factors from CARB’s EMFAC2021 model (v1.0.1).

Some of the transportation measures are quantifiable while others support a shift to lower and zero emissions options. CAAP measures TL 1.1-1.6 encourage mode shift by making modes other than single occupancy vehicles (SOV) more attractive by enhancing safety and connecting bike and pedestrian networks or by increasing the cost of driving. Estimating the potential GHG reduction of mode shift requires consideration of many qualitative factors, including the local context of Beverly Hills that influence walking and biking, transit, and vehicle use. Therefore, GHG reductions from measures TL 1.4-1.6 are not included in the quantifiable CAAP reduction measures analysis.

Table 22 Measure TL 1.1 2030 Transportation Emissions Reductions from Mode Shift Variable Value Source
VMT estimated 2030 519,610,188 Fehr and Peers Traffic Consultants VMT per trip 5.6 EMFAC2021 Model for Los Angeles County Trips per year 92,129,466 VMT x VMT per Trip
Total GHG emissions in
2030 (MT CO2e)
203,080 VMT times EMFAC2021 Emissions Factor
GHG emissions per trip (MT
CO2e)

0.0022 Total GHG emissions divided by total trips
Current Carpool Mode
Share

6.7% U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2019 5-year estimates
Current Transit Mode
Share

2.5% U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2019 5-year estimates
Current Walk+Bike Mode
Share

6.0% U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2019 5-year estimates
Increase in SOV to Carpool 0.3% Measure T-7 of the CAPCOA Handbook covers targeted marketing of trip reductions to specific populations. Since this program will be targeted to a broader population, a conservative estimate of 0.3% was used.

Increase in Transit Mode
Share

0.5% Based on improvements to bike/ped connections to transit and connectivity, a conservative estimate of 0.5% mode shift to transit was assumed. Improved pedestrian networks can reduce VMT up to 6.5% in the target area/community. (Measure T-18 of the CAPCOA Handbook) 18 California Air Pollution Control Officers Association. Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity (2021). Available at:
https://www.airquality.org/ClimateChange/Documents/Final%20Handbook_AB434.pdf.

Transportation and Land Use (TL)
Beverly Hills Climate Action and Adaptation Plan 29
Variable Value Source
Increase in Bike+Ped Mode
Share

0.5% Measure T-20 of the CAPCOA Handbook shows a 0.5% GHG reduction due to the expansion of a city’s bikeway network.

Total GHG Emissions
Savings in 2030
2,631 Calculated
Data Sources
California Air Pollution Control Officers Association. Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity (2021). Available at:
https://www.airquality.org/ClimateChange/Documents/Final%20Handbook_AB434.pdf.

California Air Resources Board (CARB). Emission Factor (EMFAC) 2021. Version 1.0.1. Available at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2019 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables: S0801 | Commuting Characteristics by Sex. Available at:
https://data.census.gov/table?t=Commuting&g=1600000US0606308&tid=ACSST5Y2019.S08

01. City of Beverly Hills
Appendix C - Measure Quantification and Substantial Evidence 30 Clean Fuel Adoption Measures
TL 2.1 EV reach code
TL 2.2 Clean Fuel Transportation Plan
GHG Emissions Reduction Summary
Measure 2030 Reduction (MTCO2e) 2045 Reduction (MTCO2e) TL 2.1 EV Reach Code 0 0
TL 2.2 Clean Fuel Transportation Plan 14,529 69,674
Subsector Total 14,529 69,674
Background
Besides reducing VMT, the other way to reduce transportation related emissions is to “clean” VMT through decarbonization of the transportation system and the adoption of zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) that utilize electricity or other carbon-free sources of fuel such as hydrogen. Vehicle electrification results in immediate emissions reductions due to the availability of carbon-free electricity in the City. However, the rate of EV adoption is not directly within the City’s control.

While future vehicles may leverage other clean fuels such as hydrogen, a majority of the vehicles and infrastructure being deployed currently are electric. Therefore, the quantification and substantial evidence provided here assumes a shift to EVs.

The State of California has adopted ambitious goals for ZEV adoption, with the most recent EO N-79- 20 striving to achieve 100 percent ZEV vehicle sales by 2035. To align with these aggressive State goals, Beverly Hills seeks to increase ZEV adoption to 16 percent for passenger vehicles and 13 percent for commercial vehicles by 2030 and 57% and 60% percent by 2045 respectively. Reaching these targets will require significant investment in electric vehicle charging infrastructure to facilitate the transition to electric vehicles.

Methodology and Assumptions
GHG emission reductions for the increased adoption of EV’s are based on replacing fossil fueled vehicles with electric versions in the community. Increased electricity consumption from EV adoption is accounted for, offsetting some of the emissions reduction from replacing fossil fueled vehicles.

Measure TL 2.1 works to improve the availability of EV charging at multi-family and commercial buildings, with the adoption of local amendments to the building code that require installation of EV charging infrastructure at new developments and during large retrofits and remodels of existing buildings.

Measure TL 2.2 aims to achieve the infrastructure needed to align with the State’s previous goal of bringing 1.5 million ZEVs to the road by 2025 and 5 million by 2030.19 This goal has since been pushed even further by the State through EO N-79-20, with a goal of reaching 8 million light-duty ZEVs on the roads by 2030, requiring approximately 1.5 million chargers. Measure TL 2.2 assumes 19 Executive Order B-48-18 provides a target of 5 million ZEVs to be in California’s vehicle fleet in 2030, with an interim target of 1.5 million ZEVs on the road by 2025.

Clean Fuel Adoption Measures
Beverly Hills Climate Action and Adaptation Plan 31
that Beverly Hills will install 364 publicly accessible chargers by 2030 to support the transition to electric vehicles. Based on executive order N-79-20 100% of passenger vehicle sales will be electric by 2035. Assuming 15 million EV’s by 2035 due to N79-20 and a 2% growth rate from current vehicle registrations (32,000,000) and a 5% current share of EV’s California would be projected to have 25% EV’s by 2030. Therefore, 16% passenger EV adoption by 2030 is considered conservative.20 Measure TL 2.1 and 2.2 work together to cover both new and existing buildings in directing the City to provide the infrastructure needed to support a high rate of EV conversion. Table 23 provides the calculation variables and references for assumptions used to generate the GHG emissions reductions associated with passenger EV/ZEVs and Table 24 provides the calculation variables and references for assumptions used to generate the GHG emissions reductions associated with commercial EV/ZEVs. Table 25 provides the calculation variables and references for assumptions used to calculate the publicly accessible charger goal for Measure TL 2.2.

Table 23 Measure TL 2.2 Clean Fuel Transportation Plan – Passenger Variable Value Source
Passenger VMT after mode shift to bikes+ped and transit (VMT) 484,719,887 Calculated based on reductions from other
GHG reduction
Measures (T1.1)
Passenger Vehicle Emission Factor (MTCO2e/mile) 0.00029515 EMFAC2021.

Emissions from Passenger VMT (MT CO2e) 143,064 VMT x EMFAC2021 Emission Factor
Increase in EV Above Baseline 10% Estimated increase in EV’s due to additional
infrastructure and
state laws.

Carpenter, Susan.

What It Will Take to
Get to 100% EV Sales
in California (2020).

Spectrum News 1.

Total EV Adoption 16% EMFAC2021
projections plus
measure
Emissions reduced from EV adoption (MT CO2e) 14,306 10% reduction in projected GHG
Emissions
Additional EV miles from new EV adoption (VMT) 48,471,988.69 10% of VMT after mode shift to bikes +
ped and transit
kWh per Mile EV’s 0.3678886329 EMFAC2021
Additional kWh from new EV miles 17,832,293.65 VMT x kWh per Mile Electricity EF (MT CO2e/kWh) 0.0000333 Emission factor for 2030 is weighted
20 Susan Carpenter. What It Will Take to Get to 100% EV Sales in California (2020). Spectrum News 1. Available at:
https://spectrumnews1.com/ca/lawest/transportation/2020/10/05/what-it-will-take-to-sell-100--evs-in-california City of Beverly Hills
Appendix C - Measure Quantification and Substantial Evidence 32 Variable Value Source
between the CPA and
SCE emission factors
based on estimated
participation rates
from Measure CE 2.1
(i.e., 75 percent from
CPA 100% Green
Power and 25 percent
from SCE) and
estimated to reflect
consistency with the
Renewable Portfolio
Standard (i.e., SB
100).1
Emissions from electricity usage for EVs 663 kWh x Emission Factor
Total Reductions (MT CO2e) 13,712 Total GHG emissions
reductions after
increase in emissions.

Notes:

1. See Table 9 for the SCE and CPA’s 100% Green Power emission factors used to calculate the weighted emission factor.

Table 24 Measure TL 2.2 Clean Fuel Transportation Plan – Commercial Variable Value Source
Commercial VMT 17,079,340.00 Forecasted commercial VMT.

Commercial Vehicle Emission
Factor (MTCO2e/mile)

0.00098905 EMFAC2021.

Emissions from Commercial
VMT (MT CO2e)
16,892 VMT x EMFAC2021 Emission Factor
Increase in EV Above Baseline 5% Estimated increase in EV’s due to additional infrastructure and state laws.

Carpenter, Susan. What It Will Take to Get to 100% EV Sales in California (2020). Spectrum News 1.

Total EV Adoption 13% EMFAC2021 projections plus measure Emissions reduced from EV
adoption (MT CO2e)
844.61 10% reduction in projected GHG Emissions
Additional EV miles from new
EV adoption (VMT)
853,967.00 10% of VMT after mode shift to bikes + ped and transit kWh per Mile EV’s 827,039.03 EMFAC2021
Additional kWh from new EV
miles
17,079,340.00 VMT x kWh per Mile
Electricity EF (MT CO2e/kWh) 0.0000333 Emission factor for 2030 is weighted between the CPA and SCE emission factors based on estimated participation rates from Clean Fuel Adoption Measures
Beverly Hills Climate Action and Adaptation Plan 33
Variable Value Source
Measure CE 2.1 (i.e., 75 percent from CPA 100% Green Power and 25 percent from SCE) and estimated to reflect consistency with the Renewable Portfolio Standard (i.e., SB 100).1
Emissions from electricity
usage for EVs
28 kWh x Emission Factor
Total Reductions (MT CO2e) 817 Total GHG emissions reductions after increase in emissions.

Notes:

1. See Table 9 for the SCE and CPA’s 100% Green Power emission factors used to calculate the weighted emission factor.

Table 25 Measure TL 2.2 Clean Fuel Transportation Plan – EV Chargers Variable Value Source
Total registered vehicles in Beverly Hills
(1/1/2020)
38,719 California Department of Motor
Vehicles.

Registered EVs in Beverly Hills (1/1/2020) 1,430 California Department of Motor Vehicles.
2020 population 34,802 Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Connect SoCal
2024 Demographics and Forecast.
2020 cars per capita 1.11 Calculated
Desired cars per public EV charger 20 The three highest uptake markets (Los Angeles, San Francisco, and San
Jose) have between 17 and 28
electric vehicles per charger.

Nicholas, Michael et. al. Quantifying
the Electric Vehicle Charging
Infrastructure Gap Across U.S.

Markets.

Existing EV chargers in Beverly Hills 91 PlugShare
2030 Population 41,995 Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Connect SoCal
2024 Demographics and Forecast.
2030 Total registered vehicles 46,722 Calculated
2030 Registered EV goal 7,284 Calculated
2030 new public EV chargers needed 364 Calculated
Data Sources
California Air Resources Board (CARB). Emission Factor (EMFAC) 2021. Version 1.0.1. Available at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/.

City of Beverly Hills
Appendix C - Measure Quantification and Substantial Evidence 34 California Department of Motor Vehicles. Fuel Type by County as of 1/1/2020. Available at:
https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/uploads/2020/09/MotorVehicleFuelTypes_City_01012020. pdf.

Carpenter, Susan. What It Will Take to Get to 100% EV Sales in California (2020). Spectrum News 1.

Available at: https://spectrumnews1.com/ca/lawest/transportation/2020/10/05/what-itwill-take-to-sell-100--evs-in-california.

01. Nicholas, Michael et. al. Quantifying the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Gap Across U.S.

Markets (2019). The International Council on Clean Transportation. Available at:
https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/US_charging_Gap_20190124.pdf.

PlugShare. Best EV Charging Stations in Beverly Hills. Available at:
https://www.plugshare.com/directory/us/california/beverly-hills.

Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). Connect SoCal 2024. Demographics and Growth Forecast. Available at:
https://www.connectsocal.org/Documents/Draft/dConnectSoCal_Demographics-AndGrowth-Forecast.pdf.

Solid Waste (SW)
Beverly Hills Climate Action and Adaptation Plan 35
Solid Waste (SW)
Increase Diversion from Landfill Measures
SW 1.1 SB 1383 compliance
SW 1.2 Public education campaign
SW 1.3 Ban single-use plastics and polystyrene packaging SW 1.4 C&D diversion requirements
SW 1.5 Municipal sustainable purchasing policy
GHG Emissions Reduction Summary
Measure 2030 Reduction (MTCO2e) 2045 Reduction (MTCO2e) SW 1.1 SB 1383 compliance 12,499 12,993
SW 1.2 Public education campaign 0 0
SW 1.3 C&D diversion requirements 0 0
SW 1.4 Municipal sustainable purchasing policy 0 0
Subsector Total 12,499 12,993
Background
By consuming less materials and recycling and composting more, the community will be able to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfill and eventually become a zero-waste city. Organic materials are the focus of the recent landmark legislation SB 1383 (Short-Lived Climate Pollutants:

Organic Waste Reductions). This State law has the immediate goal of reducing organic waste sent to landfill and the ultimate objective of reaching statewide methane emissions reduction goals.

Specifically, it sets a statewide goal for the reduction in organic waste to landfills – 50 percent by 2020 and 75 percent by 2025 – in addition to the recovery of 20 percent of edible food waste for human consumption. SB 1383 requires local governments to provide organics collection to all generators and require all generators to subscribe. It also has specific mandates for container systems, education, and outreach programs, monitoring and contamination reporting, and enforcement of regulations.21 Organic waste is the focus of these measures because nearly all GHG emissions from the natural decay of solid waste come from organic waste.22 The Beverly Hills community generated 46,912 tons of waste sent to landfill in 2019, representing four percent of total communitywide emissions. According to the 2014 California Waste Characterization Study, 37.4 percent of waste sent to landfills is organic material including 18.1 percent food waste.23 Therefore, in 2019 Beverly Hills generated 17,545 tons of organic waste. SB 21 California Air Resources Board. Short-Lived Climate Pollution Reduction Strategy (2017). Available at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/slcp-strategyfinal#:~:text=The%20Short%2DLived%20Climate%20Pollutant,)%2C%20and%20anthropogenic%20black%20carbo. 22 According to the Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Appendix E – Solid Waste Emission Activities and Sources, GHG emissions are generated by non-biologic wastes only if they are combusted.
23 California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery. 2014 Disposal-Facility-Based Characterization of Solid Waste in California (2015). Available at: https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/Publications/Download/1301.

City of Beverly Hills
Appendix C - Measure Quantification and Substantial Evidence 36 1383 requires that 75 percent of that organic waste, or 13,158 tons, be diverted from landfill by 2025.

Methodology and Assumptions
Measure SW 1.1 is a mandatory measure to be implemented by the City requiring 100 percent compliance from all waste generators in Beverly Hills. Measures SW 1.2-1.4 are supportive measures that seek to reduce waste and aid in the implementation of SW 1.1 but result in no direct emissions reductions. The diversion of these volumes of organic waste would reduce GHG emissions by diverting this waste from landfills where methane would be emitted. Emissions reductions were calculated by reducing the forecasted waste emissions by 75 percent. Table 26 shows the GHG emission reduction inputs and assumptions for the measure while Table 27 presents the GHG emission reductions.

Table 26 Measure SW 1.1 2030 GHG Emission Reduction Inputs and Assumptions Variable Value Source
Target Diversion Rate (%) 75 Target diversion rate based on SB 1383 requirements.

Forested Solid Waste Emission (MT CO2e) 16,665 Forecasted solid waste emissions.

Table 27 Measure SW 1.1 2030 GHG Emission Reduction Calculations Solid Waste Diversion
GHG Emission Reductions (MT CO2e) 12,499
Data Sources
California Air Resources Board. Short-Lived Climate Pollution Reduction Strategy (2017). Available at: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/slcp-strategyfinal#:~:text=The%20Short%2DLived%20Climate%20Pollutant,)%2C%20and%20anthropoge nic%20black%20carbo.

California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery. 2014 Disposal-Facility-Based Characterization of Solid Waste in California (2015). Available at:
https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/Publications/Download/1301.

Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI). U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Appendix E (2013).

Solid Waste (SW)
Beverly Hills Climate Action and Adaptation Plan 37
Upstream Waste Reduction Measures
SW 2.1 Sustainable construction materials
SW 2.2 Lifecycle climate impacts
SW 2.3 Extended producer responsibility
GHG Emissions Reduction Summary
Measure 2030 Reduction (MTCO2e) 2045 Reduction (MTCO2e) SW 2.1 Sustainable construction materials 0 0
SW 2.2 Lifecycle climate impacts 0 0
SW 2.3 Extended producer responsibility 0 0
Subsector Total 0 0
Background
Reducing upstream materials leads to less downstream waste that must be disposed of. Measures

2.1-2.3 are policy and advocacy efforts to be initiated by the City that help to assess and reduce the amount of waste for which residents and businesses are responsible to dispose of correctly.

Reducing upstream waste decreases the burden on programs supported by consumers and municipalities, and instead holds companies accountable for the wasteful, non-recyclable products they make.

Methodology and Assumptions
Supportive; no direct emission reductions.

Data Sources
N/A
City of Beverly Hills
Appendix C - Measure Quantification and Substantial Evidence 38 Water and Ecosystems (WE)
Reduce Water Use Measures
WE 1.1 Water efficiency requirements
WE 1.2 Dual plumbing
WE 1.3 Water neutral new development
WE 1.4 Landscaping efficiency requirements
WE 1.5 Remove barriers to water efficient landscaping
WE 1.6 Promote state incentive programs
WE 1.7 Greywater systems
GHG Emissions Reduction Summary
Measure 2030 Reduction (MTCO2e) 2045 Reduction (MTCO2e) WE 1.1 Water efficiency requirements 45 0
WE 1.2 Dual plumbing 0 0
WE 1.3 Water neutral new development 0 0
WE 1.4 Landscaping efficiency requirements 0 0
WE 1.5 Remove barriers to water efficient landscaping 0 0 WE 1.6 Promote state incentive programs 0 0
WE 1.7 Greywater systems 0 0
Subsector Total 45 0
Background
Beverly Hills meets 90 percent of the city’s demand with imported water supplied by The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. The remaining 10 percent is produced locally from six municipal wells and treated in the City’s reverse osmosis water treatment plan. One additional well site will be in the La Brea Subarea of the Central Groundwater Basin in 2022. In 2019, the City of Beverly Hills consumed 2,924 million gallons of water.24 GHG emissions from water supply are generated by the electricity used to convey, treat, and distribute water. Imported water sources, like those supplying Beverly Hills have a high energy intensity. Although water sector GHG emissions only account for one percent of communitywide emissions in Beverly Hills and will decrease to zero in 2045 as electricity becomes 100 percent carbon-free, access to clean and safe water supply has innumerable quality of life benefits. Between 2015 and 2019, Beverly Hills reduced its reliance on imported water by 9 percent through its water conservation efforts.

Residential and commercial buildings use water both indoors for cooking, cleaning, bathing, and toilet flushing, and outdoors to irrigate landscaping and maintain pools and fountains. Efficiency measures not only reduce the amount of water used but also reduce the amount of energy needed 24 City of Beverly Hills. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan (2016). Available at:
https://www.beverlyhills.org/cbhfiles/storage/files/115079846772769831/FinalCityofBeverlyHills2015UWMPReport.pdf. pp. 6-2..

Water and Ecosystems (WE)
Beverly Hills Climate Action and Adaptation Plan 39
to heat water as a result of conservation. Beverly Hills has developed a robust water conservation program that provides free services to residents and businesses, connects them to existing incentive programs, and undertakes municipal infrastructure upgrades to increase water resilience and efficiency across the city.25
Methodology and Assumptions
The GHG emission reductions associated with measure WE 1.1 are a result of the decreased energy consumption required to convey, pump, treat, and distribute less potable water to end users through increased end use efficiency.

Measure WE 1.1 would amend the building code to require higher efficiency fixtures to be installed in residential and nonresidential new construction and major remodels that trigger CALGreen compliance. As such it is a mandatory measure for new construction meaning that measure is required to be implemented by applicable individuals and projects. Incentives may be provided. The GHG reduction model assumes this measure is fully implemented by 2024 for new residential and nonresidential buildings. The model assumes the building code amendments require the common types of indoor and outdoor water efficiency upgrades outlined in the California Department of Water Resources’ (CDWR) Commercial Water Use and Potential Savings appendix, the CDWR’s Outdoor Residential Water Use appendix, and the Pacific Institute’s Urban Water Conservation and Efficiency in California. Average indoor and outdoor reductions documented in these studies for residential and nonresidential buildings are assumed for new residential and nonresidential buildings following the building code amendment. The savings in water consumption are then translated to energy savings using a conservative water energy intensity factor from CAPCOA’s Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity. Table 28 and Table 29 show the inputs and assumptions used to calculate the emission reductions from the measure for residential and nonresidential water use, respectively. Table 30 and Table 31 detail the GHG emission reduction calculations for the measure for residential and nonresidential water use, respectively.

Table 28 Measure WE 1.1 Residential GHG Emission Reduction Inputs and Assumptions Variable Value Source
Percent of Water Use from New Homes (%) 15 Estimated by dividing cumulative new buildings in 2030 by total forecasted buildings in 2030.

Residential Water Use (acre-feet/year) 8,512 City of Beverly Hills 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Portion of Residential Water Used for
Outdoor Uses (%)
26 CDWR Outdoor Residential Water Use, Appendix B. The
lowest residential outdoor water use was assumed to be
conservative.

Indoor Water Efficiency Improvement (%) 39 CDWR Residential Water Use, Appendix B Outdoor Water Efficiency Improvement (%) 60 Pacific Institute Urban Water Conservation and Efficiency in California
Water Energy Intensity Factor
(kWh/acre-feet)
1,898 CAPCOA Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas
Emission Reductions
25 Information provided by Water Conservation Program Manager via email November 3, 2022.

City of Beverly Hills
Appendix C - Measure Quantification and Substantial Evidence 40 Variable Value Source
Weighted Electricity Emission Factor
(MT CO2e/kWh)

0.0000333 Emission factor for 2030 is weighted between the CPA and SCE emission factors based on estimated participation
rates from Measure CE 2.1 (i.e., 75 percent from CPA
100% Green Power and 25 percent from SCE) and
estimated to reflect consistency with the Renewable
Portfolio Standard (i.e., SB 100).1
Notes: kWh = kilowatt-hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

1. See Table 9 for the SCE and CPA’s 100% Green Power emission factors used to calculate the weighted emission factor.

Table 29 Measure WE 1.1 Nonresidential GHG Emission Reduction Inputs and Assumptions
Variable Value Source
Percent of Water Use from New
Nonresidential Buildings (%)
15 Estimated by dividing cumulative new buildings in 2030 by total forecasted buildings in 2030.

Nonresidential Water Use (acre-feet/year) 2,476 City of Beverly Hills 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Portion of Nonresidential Water Used for
Outdoor Uses (%)
24 CDWR Commercial Water Use and Potential Savings,
Appendix E
Indoor Water Efficiency Improvement (%) 39 CDWR Commercial Water Use and Potential Savings, Appendix E
Outdoor Water Efficiency Improvement (%) 30 Pacific Institute Urban Water Conservation and Efficiency in California
Water Energy Intensity Factor
(kWh/acre-feet)
1,898 CAPCOA Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas
Emission Reductions
Weighted Electricity Emission Factor
(MT CO2e/kWh)

0.0000333 Emission factor for 2030 is weighted between the CPA and SCE emission factors based on estimated participation
rates (i.e., 75 percent from Measure CE 2.1 CPA 100%
Green Power and 25 percent from SCE) and estimated to
reflect consistency with the Renewable Portfolio Standard (i.e., SB 100).1
Notes: kWh = kilowatt-hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

1. See Table 9 for the SCE and CPA’s 100% Green Power emission factors used to calculate the weighted emission factor.

Table 30 Measure WE 1.1 Residential GHG Emission Reduction Calculations Residential Water Efficiency
Indoor Water Saved (acre-feet) 368
Outdoor Water Saved (acre-feet) 199
Electricity Saved (kWh) 1,077,429
GHG Emission Reductions (MT CO2e) 36
Table 31 Measure WE 1.1 Nonresidential GHG Emission Reduction Calculations Nonresidential Water Efficiency
Indoor Water Saved (acre-feet) 110
Outdoor Water Saved (acre-feet) 27
Electricity Saved (kWh) 259,691
GHG Emission Reductions (MT CO2e) 9
Water and Ecosystems (WE)
Beverly Hills Climate Action and Adaptation Plan 41
Measures WE 1.2-1.7 are supportive measures that have no direct emissions reductions associated with them but aid in the implementation of measures with direct emissions reductions or enhance the emissions reductions of other measures. The educational, incentive, and administrative changes of these measures allow for and promote the implementation of WE 1.1.

Data Sources
Energy Code Ace. Ace Resources: Title 20 Fact Sheet. Available at:
https://energycodeace.com/download/13929/file_path/T20%20Plumbing%20FS%20081116 %20(2).pdf.

California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA). Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity (2021). Available at:
https://www.airquality.org/ClimateChange/Documents/Final%20Handbook_AB434.pdf California Department of Water Resources. Commercial Water Use and Potential Savings: Appendix E. Available at: https://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/appendix_e3.pdf.

California Department of Water Resources. Outdoor Residential Water Use, Appendix B. Available at: https://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/appendix_b3.pdf.

City of Beverly Hills. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan (2016). Available at:
https://www.beverlyhills.org/cbhfiles/storage/files/115079846772769831/FinalCityofBeverl yHills2015UWMPReport.pdf. pp. 6-2.

City of Beverly Hills. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (2021). Available at:
https://www.beverlyhills.org/cbhfiles/storage/files/1228820328661696592/BeverlyHillsFIN AL2020UWMP_July_2021.pdf.

Pacific Institute. Urban Water Conservation and Efficiency Potential in California (2014). Available at:
https://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ca-water-urban.pdf.

Ecosystem Measures
WE 2.1 Urban Forest Management Plan
WE 2.2 Miyawaki Tiny Forest pilot
WE 2.3 Shallow Groundwater Ordinance
WE 2.4 Alternative irrigation sources
GHG Emissions Reduction Summary
Measure 2030 Reduction (MTCO2e) 2045 Reduction (MTCO2e) WE 2.1 Urban Forest Management Plan 37 58
WE 2.2 Miyawaki Tiny Forest pilot 0 0
WE 2.3 Shallow Groundwater Ordinance 0 0
WE 2.4 Alternative irrigation sources 0 0
Subsector Total 37 58
City of Beverly Hills
Appendix C - Measure Quantification and Substantial Evidence 42 Background
Although Beverly Hills is a built-out city, the City has the opportunity to engage in carbon sequestration activities through enhancing open space, urban greening, and protecting and increasing the City’s urban forest or tree stock. According to the City’s Urban Forest Management Plan, the City manages 25,000 trees with space to plant 3,000 more.26 Methodology and Assumptions
Measure WE 2.1 aims to increase tree cover to reduce the urban heat island effect and increase the City’s carbon sequestration potential, effectively reducing GHG emissions. Implementing measure WE 2.1 will plant a cumulative of 1,057 trees by 2030 and 1,642 by 2045. GHG emission reductions were estimated based on the number of trees to be added to the inventory and the average sequestration factor per tree (i.e., 0.0354 MT CO2e/tree/year).27 At this time only the carbon benefits of urban forestry can be assessed as additional research is needed to assess the benefits of vegetation and soil management. Nonetheless, over time as emissions are removed from more and more sectors, carbon sequestration will play an increasingly important role in California’s ability to achieve carbon neutrality.

Data Sources
California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA). Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity (2021). Available at:
https://www.airquality.org/ClimateChange/Documents/Final%20Handbook_AB434.pdf City of Beverly Hills. Urban Forest Management Plan (2019.) Available at:
https://www.beverlyhills.org/route/document?DOCID=20332. 26 City of Beverly Hills. Urban Forest Management Plan (2019). Available at: https://www.beverlyhills.org/route/document?DOCID=20332. 27 CAPCOA. Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity (2021). Available at: https://www.airquality.org/ClimateChange/Documents/Final%20Handbook_AB434.pdf City of Beverly Hills CAAP Funding and Financing Pathways The following matrix outlines funding and financing tools available for the three priority measures included in the City of Beverly Hills' Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (CAAP). While the tools discussed are not exhaustive, they are either commonly used tools and newly available tools vetted for applicability provided the City's capabilities and constraints. It is critical to note that the tools and mechanisms included are those that the City as a municipality can support and implement to procure funds and financing, not for the private realm to utilize. For example, subsidies provided by the City to the private residential owner for building retrofits for electrification is not a funding tool as used in this exercise. It is common for measures and actions to utilize a mix of funding or financing mechanisms. To help develop and effective funding or financing strategy, it is important for the City to prioritize measures/actions based on long-term targets as well as coordinate with mid- to long-term capital planning efforts and budget processes. Each funding tool and financing mechanism should be considered for its revenue potential, cost burden to the payer, legal context, administrative complexity, and approval requirements. The tools are categorized as: Taxes, Fees, Private Involvement, Grants, Assessments, and Bonds. Each tool includes a brief discussion on key implementation benefits and drawbacks. Key considerations are also noted for the City of Beverly Hills.To identify potential funds and financing for the priority measures in the CAAP, the user can search for the measure/action name under the first column of the FundingFinancing Pathways sheets.

Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Funding and Financing Pathways Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Measures and
Actions Funding Category Funding Tools Who Pays? Who Manages the Fund? Specific Funding Pathway Sample Case Studies Key Benefits Key Drawbacks Typical Municipal Uses and Restrictions Key Considerations and Notes Sources Mobility: Implementation of priority
infrastructure projects for Complete Streets
Plan; bikeways to key city locations Measure
T-2: Implement programs for public
transportation that achieve 8% of public
transportation mode share by 2030 and 12%
by 2035; Develop a Clean Fuel
Transportation Plan for the city- Plan is to
expand EV charging station and clean gas
(hydrogen) station for the City;
Implementation of public transit system (in
feasibility study right now)
Buildings and Energy: Implementing
creative incentives to promote early
adoption before mandatory requirements
before 2023
Tax Increment
Financing
Tax Increment
Financing (TIF)
Property Owners City Taxpayers - Property Owners County of Los Angeles West Carson Enhanced Infrastructure
Financing District (EIFD) -
Southern California Association of
Governments
Not subject to Proposition 13
limitations
Issuance of TIF bond requires 55%
voter approval in district
Requires redirecting future
property tax revenue
Dependent on anticipated
increases in value; limited for
highly built-out areas
Requires district property owners
to voluntarily allocate increment
to the district
Infrastructure improvements and
maintenance ex. roads and sidewalks
Enhanced Infrastructure Finance Districts (EIFDs) are
an example of Tax Increment Financing. Costs eligible
for EIFD financing include construction, acquisition
and rehabilitation costs, as well as planning and
design expenses. An EIFD cannot pay for
maintenance, routine repairs or operations, however.

An EIFD cannot acquire or sell property itself, and
cannot use eminent domain, but it can finance
acquisition of property by others.

Community Revitalization and Investment Authorities
(CRIAs) provide new opportunities for the use of tax
increment financing to address local governments'
economic development needs. CRIA legislation poses
additional limitations on the establishment of a CRIA
when compared to other types of TIFs, due to the
perception that redevelopment agencies lack
transparency and accountability.

Beverly Hills currently not using
TIF Primer 2017 (caled.org)
Solid Waste: Develop compliance pathways
and enforcement to comply with SB1383
requirements. Goal is to increase diversion
away to landfills. Including Zero-Waste Plan
Utility Rate Increase Property-Related
Fees:

Water,
stormwater, and
wastewater fees
Residents and
businesses
Utility Provider Waste collection fees Sacramento: City Council approves solid waste fee increase
to help pay for new state
composting requirements - City
Express
(sacramentocityexpress.com)
Costs born by consumers and not city Possible unfair burden on lowincome residentsCould be put towards energy capture at waste facility and increase effciciency
Beverly Hills Courier - Solid
Waste Rate Hike in Store for
Beverly Hills in 2021
Mobility: Implementation of priority
infrastructure projects for Complete Streets
Plan; bikeways to key city locations
Fees Developer impact
fees
Developers,
Property Owners
Municipal Planning
Department
Developers, Property Owners Development Impact Fees | SF Planning
Can be used to ensure new
development is resilient
No voter approval required; not
considered a tax under Prop. 26
Tied to market conditions which
are often cyclical and difficult to
forecast
Requires new development /
major redevelopment to manifest
resilience at a meaningful scale
Can be used for necessary
infrastructure like roads within given
areas
SF Case: plan area impact fees predicted to raise $255
million over 10 years with $113 million of that being
set aside for Complete Streets in designated
neighborhoods. Other uses include transit, childcare
program, open spaces, and program administration
costs.

San Francisco Planning Guide to
Impact Fees
Mobility: Incentivize EV Bike Program and
Incentivize EV building charging program;
Develop a Clean Fuel Transportation Plan for
the city- Plan is to expand EV charging
station and clean gas (hydrogen) station for
the City.

Buildings and Energy: New Building and
Remodel (50% remodel) Decarbonization
plan – Implementing City Code,
Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adoption before mandatory
requirements before 2030, Existing Building
Decarbonization Plan, Implementing City
Code, Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adopters before mandatory
requirements by 2035, Incentivize to
promote early adopters before mandatory
requirements before 2035; Adopt energy and
water benchmarking ordinance for
commercial building for a certain square
footage
Private Business
Improvement
Districts
Businesses,
Consumers
City Businesses, Consumers Century City BID:
https://centurycitybid.com/home.
html
Useful for district-wide infrastructure
that could benefit from economies of
scale (e.g., stormwater infrastructure)
Contributes private revenues to
public or shared goods
Limited revenue generation
Require contiguous boundaries
Public awareness campaigns and
marketing, community walks, planning
Would require a great deal of community buy-in The City of San Diego Economic Development Resources -
Business Improvement Districts
Buildings and Energy: New Building and
Remodel (50% remodel) Decarbonization
plan –
i.Implementing City Code
ii.Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adoption before mandatory
requirements before 2030
Existing Building Decarbonization Plan
i.Implementing City Code
ii.Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adopters before mandatory
requirements by 2035
iii.Incentivize to promote early adopters
before mandatory requirements before 2035.

Grants California State:

Building
Electrification and
Storage Program
State Appears that the
program is
administered by the
state Energy
Commission which will
grant funds drectly to
projects so likely won't
require administration
support from the city
State of California Viejas Reservation was the first
grant awardee under this program
and largest program of its kind in
a tribal jurisdiction:
https://www.environmentalleader
.com/2022/11/viejas-tribe-energystorage-project-enhancescalifornias-energy-transition/ Program still under development
as I was approved in April 2022,
information missing
Building electrification and efficiency
upgrades
The Building Electrification and Storage Program will
provide incentives for the construction of all-electric market-rate residential buildings and installation of
energy storage systems to encourage deployment of
near-zero-emission building technologies.

California Electric Homes
Program - CalEHP | California
Energy Commission
Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Page 1 of 8 Funding and Financing Pathways Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Measures and
Actions Funding Category Funding Tools Who Pays? Who Manages the Fund? Specific Funding Pathway Sample Case Studies Key Benefits Key Drawbacks Typical Municipal Uses and Restrictions Key Considerations and Notes Sources Mobility: Incentivize EV Bike Program and
Incentivize EV building charging program;
Develop a Clean Fuel Transportation Plan for
the city- Plan is to expand EV charging
station and clean gas (hydrogen) station for
the City.

Buildings and Energy: New Building and
Remodel (50% remodel) Decarbonization
plan – Implementing City Code,
Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adoption before mandatory
requirements before 2030, Existing Building
Decarbonization Plan, Implementing City
Code, Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adopters before mandatory
requirements by 2035, Incentivize to
promote early adopters before mandatory
requirements before 2035; Adopt energy and
water benchmarking ordinance for
commercial building for a certain square
footage
Assessment Assessment District Property Owners Municipality Taxpayers - Property Owners Emeryville CA and BART partnership to fund Emery-GoRound Shutle Service: https://livescag.pantheonsite.io/fundingand-financing-tools-andstrategy/emery-go-round Non-ad valorem amounts levied on a
per parcel basis
An assessment can only be
imposed if approved by a majority
of property owners that respond
to the mail-in form
Improvements that provide a direct
and special benefit such as streets,
sidewalks, curbs and gutters, water,
sewer, gas electric, lighting, drainage
or flood control facilities
The amount of the charge must correlate with the
benefit that the property owners are anticipated to
receive and the cost of the service provision.

CBAs can be used to stipulate certain
programs/initiatives for developers in an assessment
district to uphold.

BIDs are a type of assessment district
California State Treasurer's
Guide
Mobility: Implementation of priority
infrastructure projects for Complete Streets
Plan (i.e. bikeways to key city locations i.e.
first and last mile infrastructure for MTA light
Rail); Implementation of public transit
system (in feasibility study right now) ;
Incentivize EV Bike Program and Incentivize
EV building charging program
Grants Surface
Transportation
Block Grant (STBG) -
Transportation
Alternative Program
Federal City- Planning
Dept./Transit Authority
US DoT Federal Highway
Administration - State’s
STBG apportionment
Directly eligible for cities.

For TAP funds sub-allocated to
urbanized areas with populations
over 200,000, the metropolitan
planning organization (MPO)
representing the urbanized area(s) is
responsible for selecting
Transportation Alternatives Program
(TAP) projects through a competitive
process.
- on- and off-road pedestrian and
bicycle facilities
- infra projects for improving nondriver access to public transportation - community improvement activities
-$850M in funding
Competitive process and states
and MPOs must all report annually
to DOT on project applications
and projects that are awarded TA
Funding
Reports should be made public
Active transportation projects (ex. $14.1B apportioned for FY2023 awardees Bipartisan Infrastructure Law - Surface Transportation Block
Grant (STBG) Fact Sheet | Federal
Highway Administration (dot.gov)
Mobility: Implementation of public transit
system (in feasibility study right now)
Grants Low-No Emission
Vehicle Grant
Program
Federal City- Transportation
Dept. /Transit Authority
Federal Transit
Administration (FTA)
Southeastern Pennsylvania
Transportation Authority (SEPTA) -
to receive funds for infra
upgrades to support its current
battery electric bus fleet at
maintenance facility in
Philadelphia
Funding amount $4,300,000 out
of the total $129,956,625
Helps cities/transit agencies purchase
ZEVs for transit
Intended for buses and other
transportation vehicles, so I would
not cover other City fleet vehicles
Evs and charging infrastructure This year's funding just announced in January 2023 FTA Low-No Emission Vehicle Grant Program
Buildings and Energy: New Building and
Remodel (50% remodel) Decarbonization
plan –
i.Implementing City Code
ii.Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adoption before mandatory
requirements before 2030
Existing Building Decarbonization Plan
i.Implementing City Code
ii.Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adopters before mandatory
requirements by 2035
iii.Incentivize to promote early adopters
before mandatory requirements before 2035.

Grants Energy Efficiency
and Conservation
Block Grants
(EECBGs)
Federal CityPlanning/Permitting,
Finance
2009 American Recovery
and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)
70% allocated directly to cities,
30% allocated to states for
distribution to smaller communities
Funding was released but there
was a mismatch between number
of jobs created and number of
people trained; more analytical
work is required to identify what
job retraining is required by sector
and geography and what job
certifications are required.
-Developing and implementing an
energy efficiency and conservation
strategy;
-Conducting residential and
commercial building energy audits;
-Establishing financial incentive
programs for energy efficiency
improvements;
-Developing and implementing energy
efficiency and conservation programs
for buildings and facilities;
-Developing and implementing
programs to conserve energy used in
transportation (e.g. flex time for
employees; satellite work centers;
zoning guidelines or requirements that
promote energy efficient development;
infrastructure, such as bike lanes,
pathways and pedestrian walkways;
and synchronized of traffic signals);
-Developing and implementing
building codes and inspection services
Estimated application opening date, 1st Quarter of
2023
Department of Energy - Energy
Efficiency and Conservation
Block Grant Program
What You Need to Know About
the Energy Efficiency and
Conservation Block Grant -
National League of Cities (nlc.org)
Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Page 2 of 8 Funding and Financing Pathways Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Measures and
Actions Funding Category Funding Tools Who Pays? Who Manages the Fund? Specific Funding Pathway Sample Case Studies Key Benefits Key Drawbacks Typical Municipal Uses and Restrictions Key Considerations and Notes Sources Buildings and Energy: New Building and
Remodel (50% remodel) Decarbonization
plan –
i.Implementing City Code
ii.Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adoption before mandatory
requirements before 2030
Existing Building Decarbonization Plan
i.Implementing City Code
ii.Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adopters before mandatory
requirements by 2035
iii.Incentivize to promote early adopters
before mandatory requirements before 2035.

Grants Clean Energy and
Sustainability
Accelerator (CESA)
under the CESA Act
Federal CPCFA Seed capital through federal
appropriations (although it
is independent from the
government)
CESA has state and local
accelerators and the
relevant one here is the
California Pollution Control
Financing Authority (CPCFA)
CESA to help state and local efforts to
increase private sector funding to
clean energy projects
Current estimates for funding range
from $20B to $100B
Independent from any political
influence and execution of proper
governance by the Accelerator's
management team and Board of
Directors
Very flexible in the types of eligible
projects
Funds go through state-level green
bank so there is exra level of
administration to get through
Accelerate the transition to low-carbon
technologies by addressing market
barriers to developing and deploying
clean technologies.

Seek cost-effective solutions that
reduce costs to society and allocate
risks appropriately.

Enable significant progress towards
the state’s policy goals including
energy, air quality, and emissions goals.

Consider opportunities across all
sectors that can significantly reduce
carbon emissions – such as renewable
energy, energy efficiency,
transportation, the water-energy
nexus, and innovation.

Avoid providing public support where
private financing already does the job.

Use public finance mechanisms where
they are appropriate and efficient,
rather than to address problems that
may be better addressed through
CPCFA administers loans directly to freight operators
to ugrade their engines to lower emission options so
city would no need to administer
https://www.treasurer.ca.gov/cpcfa/
The Accelerator: Funding Our
Clean Energy Future – Third Way
https://www.treasurer.ca.gov/cpc
fa/calcap/arb/index.asp
Mobility: Develop a Clean Fuel
Transportation Plan for the city- Plan is to
expand EV charging station and clean gas
(hydrogen) station for the City.

Grants Multimodal
Projects
Discretionary Grant
(MPDG)
Federal City and Region
depending on project
specs
Bipartisan Infrastructure
Law, through US DOT
Example Applicant: Tulsa, OK (still
not approved)
Applied for enhancements to
highway corridor a the
intersection of I-44 and US-75 for
pedestrian infrastructure, bridge
rehab, road resurfacing to
enhance local mobility
https://oklahoma.gov/odot/progr
ess-and-performance/federalgrant-awards/mpdg-grants/mpdg2022/enhancing_safety_and_mob ility_in_west_tulsa.html
Fund major projects that are too large
or complex for traditional funding
programs.

Support multijurisdictional or
regional projects of significance that
may also cut across multiple modes
of transportation.

Expand transportation options in
rural America and other underserved
communities.

Make transportation more
sustainable and resilient.

Past recipients have all been mega
projects, so Beverly Hills will need
to compete
Major transportation infrastructure $2.9 billion of funding now available for major infrastructure projects through NOFO under
Bipartisan Infrastructure Law
No grant winners announced yet as it is so new
MPDG - Announcement | US
Department of Transportation
Mobility: Develop a Clean Fuel
Transportation Plan for the city- Plan is to
expand EV charging station and clean gas
(hydrogen) station for the City.

Grants National Electric
Vehicle
Infrastructure
Formula Program
Federal State Bipartisan Infrastructure
Law, through US DOT
Funding to States to deploy EV
charging infra
To establish an interconnected
network to facilitate data collection,
access, and reliability
Funding goes to State not City The acquisition, installation, and network connection of EV charging
stations to facilitate data collection,
access, and reliability
Proper operation and maintenance of
EV charging stations
Long-term EV charging station data
sharing
For each of FY22-26, after the set-aside listed above,
sets aside 10% of NEVI Formula funding for grants to
States and local governments that require additional
assistance to strategically deploy EV charging
infrastructure
Funding is available for up to 80% of eligible project
costs
Department of Energy - National
Electric Vehicle Infrastructure
(NEVI) Formula Program
Mobility: Develop a Clean Fuel
Transportation Plan for the city- Plan is to
expand EV charging station and clean gas
(hydrogen) station for the City.

Grants Discretionary Grant
Program for
Charging and
Fueling
Infrastructure ($2.5
billion)
Federal State Bipartisan Infrastructure
Law, through US DOT and
Dept of Energy
To deploy publicly accessible EV
charging infrastructure and other
alternative fueling infrastructure
along designated alternative fuel
corridors.

At least 50 percent of this funding
must be used for a community
grant program where priority is
given to projects that expand
access to EV charging and
alternative fueling infrastructure
within rural areas, low- and
moderate-income neighborhoods,
and communities with a low ratio
of private parking spaces.

EV charging infrastruture State partnernship with PG&E
sending an initial $56 million in funding to help install charging stations throughout the state.
receiving up to $384 million during the next five years *Funds go through State
Federal Funding Programs | US
Department of Transportation
Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Page 3 of 8 Funding and Financing Pathways Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Measures and
Actions Funding Category Funding Tools Who Pays? Who Manages the Fund? Specific Funding Pathway Sample Case Studies Key Benefits Key Drawbacks Typical Municipal Uses and Restrictions Key Considerations and Notes Sources Mobility: Implementation of priority
infrastructure projects for Complete Streets
Plan (i.e. bikeways to key city locations i.e.
first and last mile infrastructure for MTA light
Rail); Implementation of public transit
system (in feasibility study right now) ;
Incentivize EV Bike Program and Incentivize
EV building charging program
Grants Flexible Funding
Programs -
Congestion
Mitigation and Air
Quality (CMAQ)
Program - 23 USC
149 (Formula)
Federal City- Transportation
Planning
Federal Transit
Administration (FTA)
For areas in nonattainment or
maintenance for ozone, carbon
monoxide, and/or particulate matter.

States that have no nonattainment or
maintenance areas still receive a
minimum apportionment of CMAQ
funding for either air quality projects
or other elements of flexible
spending. Funds may be used for any
transit capital expenditures otherwise
eligible for FTA funding as long as
they have an air quality benefit.

Example grant recipient: Port Authority
of Aleghany (Pittsburg) got $5.4M to
expand/improve public transportation
system specifically to expand bus
routes, install/improve bus stop
infrastructure, improve sidewalks
https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburg
h/news/2022/02/10/port-authority-82-
mil-federal-funds.html
St Louis got $1.8M to expand their
streetcar line
https://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/n
ews/2022/08/31/loop-trolleyapproved-grant.html
Formula grants are based on apportionment tables
that specify funding available to the nation's states,
urbanized areas, and Tribal governments through FTA
formula programs. The tables allow transit agencies
and grant recipients to view the amounts for programs
set by statutorily defined formulas so they can better
plan and manage over the long term for new projects
and address their repair backlogs.

Each Formula grant has a set formula under which it is
ensured that designated recipients receive the funds;
this formula will further ensure that you are eligible for this grant. Also may be referred to as 'stateadministered programs'.

DOT - Flexible Funding
Mobility: first and last mile infrastructure for
MTA light Rail
Grants Mobility on
Demand (MOD)
Sandbox Program
Federal City- Public Works,
Transportation Planning
Federal Transit
Administration (FTA)
Example Grantee: City of Palo Alto
Fair Value Commuting Final
Report (see link) sought to
develop plan to increase access
to public transit and reduce single
occupancy vehicle use
https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/f
ta.dot.gov/files/2020-05/FTAReport-No-0167.pdf
Sandbox allows communities to
creatively leverage a range of mobility
options from bike- and car-sharing
systems to demand-responsive bus
services.

Integration of payment systems and
different technologies.

And to mitigate socio-economic
disparities and advances racial equity.

Intended for major projects, so
application would be major
undertaking by City
Eligible activities include all activities
leading to the demonstration of the
innovative MOD and transit integration
concept, such as planning and
developing business models, obtaining
equipment and service,
acquiring/developing software and
hardware interfaces to implement the
project, and operating the
demonstration.
"Eligible recipients are providers of public
transportation, including public transit agencies,
state/local government DOTs, and federally
recognized Indian tribes. Each recipient must identify
one or more strategic project partner(s) with a
substantial interest and involvement in the project."
https://www.transit.dot.gov/researchinnovation/mobility-demand-mod-sandboxprogram#:~:text=Eligible%20recipients%20are%20pro viders%20of,and%20involvement%20in%20the%20pr
oject.

Mobility on Demand (MOD)
Sandbox Program | FTA (dot.gov)
Mobility: Implementation of priority
infrastructure projects for Complete Streets
Plan; bikeways to key city locations Measure
T-2: Implement programs for public
transportation that achieve 8% of public
transportation mode share by 2030 and 12%
by 2035; Develop a Clean Fuel
Transportation Plan for the city- Plan is to
expand EV charging station and clean gas
(hydrogen) station for the City;
Implementation of public transit system (in
feasibility study right now)
Bonds General Obligation
Bonds
Local City Local government Commonly used and applied
Low-cost financing tool
Two-thirds voter approval for local
GO Bond debt approval
Must be used for debt financing for
capital infrastructure, cannot be
used for operational deficits
Dependent on debt capacity The City may need to rely on bond measure and property tax for capital intensive CAP measure. To
incorporate capital intensive work, City staff will need resource to correlate long-term capital plan with longrange financial planning. Currently, staff does not have expertise in forecasting financial impacts.

As mentioned in key drawbacks, bonds cannot be
used for operational deficits. Bonds are used to fund
activities that support a public purpose, however. This may mean a municipality can determine what is
included as a public purpose. San Francisco, for
example, utilizes GO Bonds for affordable housing
investments by private property owners and
developers. Though other municipalities have
concluded this method of using GO bonds is ineligible.

Repayment of bonds are funded by the City's property
taxes.

GENERAL OBLIGATION (GO)
BONDS (ca.gov)
Mobility: Implementation of priority
infrastructure projects for Complete Streets
Plan; bikeways to key city locations Measure
T-2: Implement programs for public
transportation that achieve 8% of public
transportation mode share by 2030 and 12%
by 2035; Develop a Clean Fuel
Transportation Plan for the city- Plan is to
expand EV charging station and clean gas
(hydrogen) station for the City;
Implementation of public transit system (in
feasibility study right now)
Bonds Green Bonds Local City Local government CPCFA Green Bonds (ca.gov) Potential for social impact investor appeal
Publicizes commitment of spending
towards environmental purposes
Lack of standardization of what it
means to be “green”
Additional administrative
requirements to report how
investment is green
Does not necessarily attract new
or different investors from G.O.
bonds
Must be used for debt financing for
capital infrastructure, cannot be
used for operational deficits
Dependent on debt capacity Cities such as Vancouver uses a Sustainability Bond Framework to align financing and investment
activities with long-term environmental and social
sustainability goals. Typically, the framework requires definition of eligible capital projects guided by green bond principles that are typically set by a consortium
of banks or local government coalitions. Green Bonds
may include projects related to renewable energy,
energy efficiency, green buildings, climate change
adaptation, etc. Social Bonds may include efforts to
provide affordable access to infrastructure.

Vancouver, CA Sustainability
Bond
Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Page 4 of 8 Funding and Financing Pathways Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Measures and
Actions Funding Category Funding Tools Who Pays? Who Manages the Fund? Specific Funding Pathway Sample Case Studies Key Benefits Key Drawbacks Typical Municipal Uses and Restrictions Key Considerations and Notes Sources Solid Waste: Develop compliance pathways
and enforcement to comply with SB1383
requirements. Goal is to increase diversion
away to landfills. Including Zero-Waste Plan
Mobility: Implementation of priority
infrastructure projects for Complete Streets
Plan; bikeways to key city locations Measure
T-2: Implement programs for public
transportation that achieve 8% of public
transportation mode share by 2030 and 12%
by 2035; Develop a Clean Fuel
Transportation Plan for the city- Plan is to
expand EV charging station and clean gas
(hydrogen) station for the City;
Implementation of public transit system (in
feasibility study right now)
Buildings and Energy: Implementing
creative incentives to promote early
adoption before mandatory requirements
before 2030
Private Public-Private
Partnership (P3s)
Local, Private City and private
companies
Local government and
private sources
EVgo-Charging-SouthsidePark.pdf (cityofsacramento.org) https://www.recology.com/succes
s-stories/#governmentpartnership
SoCalGas Partnership with South
Coast Air Quality Management
District to divert municipal waste
from LA area for conversion into
biofuel
https://www.prnewswire.com/ne
ws-releases/socalgas-announcesthe-commissioning-of-carbonnegative-waste-to-energytechnology-at-los-angeles-facility301590243.html Rapid deployment of funds
Potential for 100% of project costs to
be covered by private partner
Can require extensive planning
and negotiation
Infrastructure/projects that may
support private business interests,
such as transportation infrastructure or
EV charging infrastructure, or waste
reduction programming.

Financing models where partners such as non-profits
or regional coalitions pay upfront cost of climate or
social interventions may be considered private-public
partnership since the City as a back-end payer may
incur the cost of investment when it repays the
partner at a discount.

Biofuel company Fulcrum diverts municipal waste to
processing plant outside of cities like Chicago,
Houston and Reno to convert into jet fuel but very
new echnology so so approac is not widespread yet
Primer-Public-PrivatePartnerships.pdf (dbia.org)
https://www.prnewswire.com/ne
ws-releases/fulcrum-bioenergycompletes-construction-of-thesierra-biofuels-plant301326178.html Solid Waste: Develop compliance pathways
and enforcement to comply with SB1383
requirements. Goal is to increase diversion
away to landfills. Including Zero-Waste Plan
Grants Local Conservation
Corps Grant
Program
State Local/regional
authority based on
jurisdiction of program
State of California
Department of Resources
Recycling and Recovery
RichmondBUILD: awarded $500k
for a Brownfields job training
program in partnership with EPA
https://richmondstandard.com/ric
hmond/2022/12/19/epa-awards500k-grant-to-richmondbuild/ No letter of intent required. Grantees
may request an advance of up to 25%
of the total grant award subject to
specific terms. Reimbursements may
be requested monthly and must be
fully documented.

Only 14 awards are expected
statewide, which could result in a
competitive pool of applications.

Requires 25% matched funding.

The Local Conservation Corps (LCC)
Grant Program provides grants to
certified community conservation
corps to serve youth 18-25 years of age
with a 3 component program including
job skills in recycling, education and
career education. LCCs provide
beverage container litter reduction
programs, and waste tire, E-waste and
used oil recycling-related services.

Estimated award per grant: $1,853,285 – $1,853,313 California’s Local Conservation Corps (LCC)
Buildings and Energy: New Building and
Remodel (50% remodel) Decarbonization
plan – Implementing City Code,
Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adoption before mandatory
requirements before 2025
Utility Fee Tariff On-Bill
Program
Utility, Private Utility provider 3CE, Similar utilities in/by City
Research for implementation:
"Towards an Accessible Financing
Solution"
Customer has no loan, no lien, and
no debt with this transaction.

Customer doesn't have to pay
anything up front for the energy
upgrade - utility just installs it first.

When the utility recovers its costs,
the charges end. And the charges to
the customers also end if an upgrade
fails and is not repaired, or if the
customer moves, provided that the
customer have maintained the
upgrades.

The impact has potential for
equitable installation of building
energy efficiency tools, reaching
renters and low-income. Consumer
credit underwriting criteria are not
applicable.

The improvements are linked to a
There is not a standard way to
ensure the selected upgrade leads
to performance - so that means
the utility's investment does need
to be cost-effective from the start.

Applies burden for tracking
progress of cost recovery.

Needs coordination with city and utility Also known as "Pay As You Save" where a the utility pays for the installation, and recovers its cost with a charge added to the customer's bill that is less than
the estimated savings. The utility adopts a tariff for
site-specific investment and the cost recovery. It
recovers those costs with a site-specific charge on the utility bill that is less than the estimated savings from the upgrades.

Clean Energy Works -
Introduction to inclusive utility
investments
Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Page 5 of 8 Funding and Financing Pathways Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Measures and
Actions Funding Category Funding Tools Who Pays? Who Manages the Fund? Specific Funding Pathway Sample Case Studies Key Benefits Key Drawbacks Typical Municipal Uses and Restrictions Key Considerations and Notes Sources Buildings and Energy: New Building and
Remodel (50% remodel) Decarbonization
plan – Implementing City Code,
Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adoption before mandatory
requirements before 2026
State Funds State-run Private
Capital Financing
Programs; Private
Capital Loans
known as
"GoGreen
Financing"
"GoGreen Home",
"GoGreen
Business",
"GoGreen
Multifamily "
California
Alternative
Energy &
Advanced
Transportation
Financing
Authority
(CAEATFA);
CHEEF
California Hub for Energy
Efficiency Financing (CHEEF)
Credit enhancement is the main
benefit as it leverages private capital
for energy efficiency. It includes lower
rates, longer repayment terms, larger
amounts of financing, and broader
approval criteria.

The program provides finance
companies with credit enhancement,
then companies offer better terms
and approve wider group of
customers. Contractors present
financing options to their customers.

Attractive financing allows more
customers to start or complete
deeper EE upgrades. and finally,
customers reduce energy use with
City and state making progress
towards CAP goals.

The list of eligibility
upgrades/building energy
efficiency measures first required
The loans are not given to those
that do not have the cash flow to
repay them - businesses or
property owners must show proof
of net positive cash flow over life
of loan.

Requires resource to manage the
loan-loss reserve account at City.

This program typically provides
larger amounts of financing:

GoGreen Home loan offers $50,000
per loan, as opposed to only $25-
35,000 from market-rate product
so this does not fund smaller
projects.

Loan-loss reserve account set up for
the state/local lender at a trustee
bank, and when customers sign up for
the program and are eligible, CAEATFA
moves money from the GoGreen to
their loss-reserve account, balance
grows the more loans they enroll.

Annually CAEATFA balance the
accounts.

This program typically provides larger amounts of
financing: GoGreen Home loan offers $50,000 per
loan, as opposed to only $25,000 to 35,000 from
market-rate product.

As a background, the California Public Utilities
Commission (CPUC) authorized the CHEEF to bring
private capital into the energy efficiency marketplace
and asked CAEATFA to be administrator. Cities such as
Beverly Hills has the opportunity to join CHEEF and
the GoGreen Financing Programs (there is the existing
State-administrered programs).

GoGreen Financing
Buildings and Energy: New Building and
Remodel (50% remodel) Decarbonization
plan – Implementing City Code,
Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adoption before mandatory
requirements before 2027
State;
Local Government
Property Assessed
Clean Energy
Program
Property
Owners;
Taxpayers
Local governemnt
admin hours needed
U.S. Department of Energy;
CaliforniaFIRST; Local
Assessment District (to b set
up by City)
The unique characteristic of PACE
assessments is that the assessment is
attached to the property rather than
an individual. Benefits include
improved cash flow and no
downpayment necessary. Interest
payments could also be tax
deductible.

Property owners provide the
upfront fees for set-up and may be
costly. This is also only available to
property owners, not renters. If
property owner volunteers to
participate, being part of PACE
assessed district can make things
complicated when owners sell
their home.

City must create a land-secured
financing district or similar mechanism
(see assessment district above) and
manage the payment from property
owners through annual tax bill which
typically runs up to 10 to 20 years.

Loan based on lien on property, debt repaid through
property taxes which can exist for commercial and
residential properties. The local and state government
provides a common foundation. Property owners who
volunteer to participate in the common foundation
pay the cost for energy improvements that are eligible
on their property then can get cost recovered through
a voluntary assessment with PACE. The term of
repayment may be from 10 to 20 years through
assessments that are paid as an addition to the
owner's tax bills.

The financing is provided for an assessment district or similar districts.

Department of Energy - Property
Assessed Clean Energy Programs
Mobility: Implementation of priority
infrastructure projects for Complete Streets
Plan i.e. bikeways to key city locations
Local Council of
Governments
Beverly Hills has
received grant
funding in past
through its
partnership with
Southern California
Association of
Governments
Southern
California
Association of
Governments
(SCAG)
City- Public Works
Department and SCAG
Go Human Community
Hubs Program and others as
they arise
Active membership in Council of
Governments gives Beverly Hills he
ability to benchmark against peer
cities and projects, facilitates
community involvement as
community groups help identify
unsafe inersections to the city
Small grant amount and only used
for one project at a time
Public Awareness Campaign expenses:
signage, walkability audits, community
bike rides, etc.

Potential for use in street marking, bicycles for lowincome residents and bike infrastructure based on past awardees
Beverly Hills:
https://beverlyhills.org/departme
nts/publicworks/transportation/c
ompletestreets/web.jsp?NFR=1#:
~:text=Through%20implementati
on%20of%20the%20Complete,a
%20world%20class%20bicycling
%20city.

SCAG:
https://www.ots.ca.gov/2021-
grant-programhighlights/#:~:text=Bicycle%20an
d%20Pedestrian%20Safety%20S
outhern%20California%20Associ
ation%20of,areas%20most%20i
mpacted%20by%20traffic%20de
aths%20and%20injuries.

Go Human:
https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/fil
Mobility: es/file-attachments/23-2821-gh- Implementation of priority infrastructure projects for Complete Streets
Plan i.e. bikeways to key city locations
Grant Bloomberg Cities
Network
Bloomberg
Cities Network
City- Public Works Bloomberg Initiative for
Cycling Infrastructure (BICI)
Grant program includes training and
access to global network for City
leadership on best practices for
alternative mobility
Cycling infrastructure like bike lines Competitive grants range from $400k USD to $1M Bloomberg Cities - BICI Mobility: First and last mile infrastructure for
MA light Rail
Metro Metro agency
funding
Metro (Los
Angeles County
Metropolitan
Transportation
Authority)
Metro (Los Angeles
County Metropolitan
Transportation
Authority)
TOC Technical Assistance
Program
Funding is prioritized for projects
that serve "high needs"
communities based on
socioeconomic factors, so this
could pose a hurdle for Beverly
Hills
First and last mile planning, active
transportation planning, affordable
housing around transit stops, public
awareness campaigns
" Coordinate with Metro to design and implement
projects identified in the plan, including bikeways,
streetscape upgrades, and curbside management"
Beverly Hills:
https://www.beverlyhills.org/cbhf
iles/storage/files/9124480396101
02118/FinalCompleteStreetsActio
nPlanMay2022.pdf
Metro:
https://www.metro.net/about/to
c-technical-assistance-program/
Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Page 6 of 8 Funding and Financing Pathways Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Measures and
Actions Funding Category Funding Tools Who Pays? Who Manages the Fund? Specific Funding Pathway Sample Case Studies Key Benefits Key Drawbacks Typical Municipal Uses and Restrictions Key Considerations and Notes Sources Mobility: First and last mile infrastructure for
MA light Rail, Implementation of priority
infrastructure projects for Complete Streets
Plan i.e. bikeways to key city locations
Metro Metro Agency
Funding
Metro (Los
Angeles County
Metropolitan
Transportation
Authority)
Metro (Los Angeles
County Metropolitan
Transportation
Authority)
Call for Projects More flexible in use than TOC program These calls for projects are not released at any consistent interval
and are dependent on availability
from federal and state agency
funding
Pedestrian and cycling infrastructure
projects heavily encouraged
Highly competitive and open to local governments,
transit agencies and other public agencies
Metro Call for Projects - LA
Metro
Mobility: Incentivize EV Bike Program and
Incentivize EV building charging program
Consumer Rebate Rebate incentive
program to
encourage people
to buy e bikes plus
additional
incentives for those
who live in low
income
neighborhoods
California Air
Resources
Board (under
California EPA)
CARB CARB is pursuing a federal
grant to fund the program
but $10 million from the
state's Low Carbon
Transportation Program for
he implementation of the e
bike incentive program
Little administration effort needed by
City
Funding depends on whether
CARB recieves federal $
E-bikes Individuals would apply for rebates diretly with CARB so the City would only really be involved in outreach
CARB Grant Solicitation:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/defa
ult/files/2022-04/FY%2021-
22%20EBIP%20Solicitation_final.
pdf
CalBike’s $10M E-Bike
Affordability Campaign:
https://www.calbike.org/bike_pu
rchase_incentives/
Mobility: Develop a Clean Fuel
Transportation Plan for the city- Plan is to
expand EV charging station and clean gas
(hydrogen) station for the City.

Grant GFO-22-607- LightDuty Vehicle and
Multi-Use Hydrogen
Refueling
Infrastructure
State City- Public Works California Energy
Commission- Clean
Transportation Program
Award amounts start at $4million to
$10million
City must provide at least 50% of
total project's funding
Installing hydrogen stations $27million in total funds (24 for light-duty vehicle hyrogen reueling infrastructure, 3 for multi-use
hydrogen refuelin infrastructure); city must provide
50% match funding
Application window just closed in late February of
2023 for this specific round, but it is likely that an
equivalent will come along soon
Department of Energy -
Hydrogen Refueling
Infrastructure
Mobility: Develop a Clean Fuel
Transportation Plan for the city- Plan is to
expand EV charging station and clean gas
(hydrogen) station for the City.

Grant DOT's Discretionary
Grant Program for
Charging and
Fueling
Infrastructure (part
of Infrastrucure
Investment and
Jobs Act)
Federal City- Public Works Funding from Federal Dept.
of Transportation
Competitive grant program to
strategically deploy publicly
accessible electric vehicle charging
infrastructure and other alternative
fueling infrastructure along
designated alternative fuel corridors.

Targeted at lower income and
rural neighborhoods so might be
difficult for Beverly Hills to get
Installing EV stations The DOT offers a lot of literature resources to help with planning, cost benefit analysis for projects, and
social impact on their website
Department of Transportation -
Federal Funding Programs
Buildings and Energy: New Building and
Remodel (50% remodel) Decarbonization
plan – Implementing City Code,
Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adoption before mandatory
requirements before 2027
Utility Discount Energy Savings
Assistance Program
State State California Public Utilities
Commission
funds small indiidual eco-frendly
upgrades in low-income homes
which are often missed by larger
grant programs
Attic insulation
Energy-efficient refrigerators
Energy-efficient furnaces
Weatherstripping
Caulking
Low-flow showerheads
Water heater blankets
Door and building envelope repairs
which reduce air infiltration
In 2020, each investor-owned utility offered the Energy Savings Assistance Common Area Measures (ESA CAM)
program for deed-restricted, multifamily buildings. To
qualify, the property must be deed-restricted, and the
owner must certify that at least 65% of the tenant
households meet the ESA income guidelines. Energy
efficiency services provided differ by the utility and are limited to communal areas, common energy systems,
a residential building(s), or property.

CPUC - Energy Savings
Assistance Program
Buildings and Energy: New Building and
Remodel (50% remodel) Decarbonization
plan – Implementing City Code,
Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adoption before mandatory
requirements before 2027
Grants/Technical
Assistance
Technology and
Equipment for
Clean Heating
(TECH)
State State California Public Utilities
Commission
the city can recommend builders to
the program without actually having
to administer anything themselves
no direct financial incentive for city incentivises adoption of energy effcient electrc water heaters
TECH Clean California offers incentives, pilot activities, technical assistance, and training to address barriers
associated with electrification and energy efficiency
upgrades in multifamily properties.

TECH - Multifamily Information
Buildings and Energy: New Building and
Remodel (50% remodel) Decarbonization
plan – Implementing City Code,
Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adoption before mandatory
requirements before 2027
Grants/Technical
Assistance
Building Initiative
for Low Emissions
Development
(BUILD)
State State California Public Utilities
Commission
the city can recommend builders to
the program without actually having
to administer anything themselves
No direct financial incentive for city Incentivize multifamily developments that meet energy effciency standards
builders/developers of low-income housing and
housing non-profits are elgible
Department of Energy - BUILD
Fact Sheet
Buildings and Energy: New Building and
Remodel (50% remodel) Decarbonization
plan – Implementing City Code,
Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adoption before mandatory
requirements before 2027
Loans California Energy
Commission’s
Energy
Conservation
Assistance Act
(ECAA)
State City would have to
manage how funds are
used on local
infrastructure
California Energy
Commission
Low interest rate of 1% Low funding amount per project -Lighting system upgrades. -Pumps and motors.
-Streetlights and LED traffic signals.
-Energy management systems and
equipment controls.
-Building insulation.
-Energy generation including
renewable and combined-heat-andpower projects.
-Heating, ventilation, and airconditioning equipment.
-Water and wastewater treatment
equipment.
-Load-shifting projects, such as
thermal Energy storage.

Up to $3million, up to 17 year payback period and is
based on estimated annual energy savings
California Energy Comission -
Energy Conservation Assistance
Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Page 7 of 8 Funding and Financing Pathways Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Measures and
Actions Funding Category Funding Tools Who Pays? Who Manages the Fund? Specific Funding Pathway Sample Case Studies Key Benefits Key Drawbacks Typical Municipal Uses and Restrictions Key Considerations and Notes Sources Buildings and Energy: New Building and
Remodel (50% remodel) Decarbonization
plan –
i.Implementing City Code
ii.Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adoption before mandatory
requirements before 2030
Existing Building Decarbonization Plan
i.Implementing City Code
ii.Implementing creative incentives to
promote early adopters before mandatory
requirements by 2035
iii.Incentivize to promote early adopters
before mandatory requirements before 2035.

Grant Affordable Housing
and Sustainable
Communities
Program
State City would administer
and coordinate with
developers
California Strategic Growth
Council
West Gateway Place Affordable
Housing and Grand Gateway
Transportation Infrastructure
Project
Grant can be used for the constrution
of low-carbon and electric buildings
as well as help address the lowincome housing gap
The bulk of org's funds are
reserved for transportation and
specifically targeted at lowincome so may be hard for BH to get
Energy efficient low-income housing The SGC lso provides technical assistance or early stages of planning for mmultifamily and TOD related
projects
SGC - Resources
Solid Waste: Develop compliance pathways
and enforcement to comply with SB1383
requirements. Goal is to increase diversion
away to landfills. Including Zero-Waste Plan
Grants and Loans CalRecycle
Greenhouse Gas
Reduction Grant
and Loan Program
State City California Department of
Resources Recycling and
Recovery (California EPA)
Brentwood Garbage "juicer"
https://eastcountytoday.net/brent
wood-agrees-to-look-at-40-
million-garbage-juicer-facility/
Loans can be used to enhance
efficiency of collection service
Open to municipalities, waste
facilities, stat agencies, schools,
nonprofits so could be highly
competititve
Upgrade recycling programs for
organic and inorganic waste; "rescue"
food from landfills for use in feeding
people
"At least 35 percent of these investments are made in
disadvantaged and low-income communities"
CalRecycle - Grants and Loans
Mobility: Converting buses and other city
vehicles to EVs
Grant Diesel Emissions
Reduction Act
Federal City/School District Federal Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA)
Could be used to help lower costs of
replacing exisiting city fleet vehicles
that are already at the end of their
lifespan
only for converting diesel to
electric
upgrading outdated fleets
**Applications for all municpal
programs except upgrading school
buses just closed in late November of
2022**
Considering that many CA cities have already
transitioned away from diesel there might not be
much applicability for this
DOT Matrix:
https://www.transportation.gov/r
ural/ev/toolkit/ev-infrastructurefunding-and-financing/fundingmatrix DEEP Grant Page:
https://portal.ct.gov/DEEP/Air/M
obile-Sources/DERAGrants#:~:text=The%20Diesel%20
Emission%20Reduction%20Act,t
hrough%20the%20State%20DER
A%20Program.

Mobility: Implementation of priority
infrastructure projects for Complete Streets
Plan; bikeways to key city locations Measure
T-2: Implement programs for public
transportation that achieve 8% of public
transportation mode share by 2030 and 12%
by 2035; Develop a Clean Fuel
Transportation Plan for the city- Plan is to
expand EV charging station and clean gas
(hydrogen) station for the City;
Implementation of public transit system (in
feasibility study right now)
Local Local Return
Programs
Taxpayers County Los Angeles Metro LA Metro Prop A and C Local Return funds are allocated and distributed on a recurring manner
(monthly or annually) to jurisdictions
within the bounds of the fund
manager (e.g., County or regional
entity or Metro/Transit Agency or
state). Allocations are based on a per
capita basis. The fund is financed by
voter-approved sale tax measures. It
requires financing of eligible
expenditures.

Local jurisdictions require a simple
majority for approval with
revenue legally dedicated to a
specific purpose.

Improving bus service, funding
transportation projects such as transit
security and transit-related highway
improvements, expansion of transit
system service (rail), other
discretionary transportation or transit
projects
Funds are made available via regional programs that
require oversight and management. Sample programs
are the Metro Subregional Program.

Recent measures in LA County, such as Measure M
and Measure R, received strong support by county
voters.

Funding and Resources - LA
Metro
Beverly Hills Priority CAAP Page 8 of 8 Funding and Financing Pathways

Beverly Hills City CouncilAugust 15, 2023

Beverly Hills City Council
August 15, 2023