AMENDED
CITY COUNCIL/SUCCESSOR
AGENCY/PUBLIC FINANCE AUTHORITY
MEETINGAGENDA
September 3, 2026
6:00 PM
The Mission of the City of Coalinga is to provide for the preservation of the community character by delivering quality, responsive City services, in an efficient and cost-effective manner, and to develop, encourage, and promote a diversified economic base in order to ensure the future financial stability of the City for its citizens.
Notice is hereby given that the City Council will hold a Meeting, on September 3, 2026 in the City Council Chambers located at 155 West Durian, Coalinga, CA. Persons with disabilities who may need assistance should contact the City Clerk at least 24 hours prior to this meeting at 935-1533 x113. Anyone interested in translation services should contact the City Clerk at least 24 hours prior to the meeting at 935-1533 x113. The Meeting will begin at 6:00 p.m. and the agenda will be as follows:
ZOOM WEBINAR INFORMATION
Join Zoom Meeting
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/9597261479?
pwd=TkhDMkFWTnpraWkvbG84N3l4THVhQT09&omn=83467081371
Meeting chat link
https://us02web.zoom.us/launch/jc/83467081371
Meeting ID: 959 726 1479
Passcode: 3DCGUK
One tap mobile
+16699009128,,9597261479#,,,,*322951# US (San Jose)
+16694449171,,9597261479#,,,,*322951# US
Join by SIP
• [email protected]
1. CALL TO ORDER
1. Pledge of Allegiance
2. Changes to the Agenda
3. Council's Approval of Agenda
2. AWARDS, PRESENTATIONS, APPOINTMENTS AND PROCLAMATIONS (NONE)
3. CITIZEN COMMENTS
This section of the agenda allows members of the public to address the City Council on any item within the jurisdiction of the Council. Members of the public, when recognized by the Mayor, should come forward to the lectern, identify themselves and use the microphone. Comments are normally limited to three (3) minutes. In accordance with State Open Meeting Laws, no action will be taken by the City Council this evening and all items will be referred to staff for follow up and a report.
Citizen Comments submitted in writing to the City Clerk by 5:00pm on the day of the City Council meeting shall be distributed to the City Council and included in the record, however they will not be read.
4. PUBLIC HEARINGS
1. Public Hearing and Adoption of the City of Coalinga’s 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan Alfonso Manrique, AM Consulting Engineers
2. Public Hearing and Adoption of the City of Coalinga’s Mitigated Negative Declaration Prepared for the Sanitary Sewer Collection System and WWTP Improvements Project
Alfonso Manrique, AM Consulting Engineers & Travis Crawford, Crawford & Bowen Planning, Inc.
5. CONSENT CALENDAR
1. Check Register: 7/01/2026-7/31/2026
2. City Hiring and Recruitment Process – Informational Report
3. Authorization for the City Manager to Execute an Agreement with the California Department of Water Resources for the Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of a GPS Monitoring Station for Land Subsidence Monitoring
4. Adopt Resolution Nos. 4349, 4350, 4351, 4352, 4353, 4354, 4355, and 4363 Amending Employee Pay Scales to Reflect Previously Approved Compensation Adjustments for SEIU-Represented Employees, Police Department Non-Safety Employees, Emergency Medical Services Non-Safety Employees, Basic NonRepresented Employees, Department Heads, Assistant City Manager, AFL-CIO Local 2305 Firefighter/Paramedic Employees, and Fire Mid-Management Employees
5. Adopt Resolution No. 4358 Authorizing Investment of Monies in the Local Agency Investment Fund
6. Adopt Resolution No. 4357 Authorizing the City Manager to Sign the Updated Bank form to the City’s bank accounts with US Bank
7. Adopt Resolution No. 4359 Authorizing Investment of Monies in the City’s Managed Investments Portfolio and Establishing Custodial and Signatory Authority
8. Authorize Police Recruit Sponsorship Program for Up to Two (2) Local Candidates and Approve the Use of Training Reimbursement Agreements
9. Council Authorizing the City Manager to Execute a Six-Month Extension of a Professional Services Agreement with Blais & Associates for Grant Consulting Services and Authorization to Issue a Request for Proposals for Said Services.
10. Approval of Updated Fire Station Lease with the Fresno County Fire Protection District
11. Authorize the City Manager to Execute a Long-Term Land Lease Agreement with Momentum Tactical, LLC for the Development and Use of Property at the New Coalinga Municipal Airport
6. ORDINANCE PRESENTATION, DISCUSSION AND POTENTIAL ACTION ITEMS
1. Discussion, Direction and Potential Action regarding the League of California Cities 2026 Annual Conference Resolution
Sean Brewer, City Manager
7. ANNOUNCEMENTS
1. City Manager's Announcements
2. Councilmembers' Announcements/Reports
3. City Treasurer's Announcements
4. Mayor's Announcements
8. FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS
9. CLOSED SESSION
1. City Manager's Performance Evaluation - Government Code 54957(b).
2. CONFERENCE WITH LABOR NEGOTIATORS – Government Code 54957.6.
CITY NEGOTIATORS: City Manager, Sean Brewer and City Attorney, Mario Zamora. EMPLOYEE (ORGANIZATIONS): General Employees, Non-Safety Employees, Firefighters Association, Non-Represented Group and Coalinga Police Officers Association
3. REAL PROPERTY NEGOTIATIONS - Government Code Section 54956.8.
Conference with Real Property Negotiators. PROPERTY(S): 150 W. Elm Ave, Coalinga, CA and 270 S. 6th Street, Coalinga, CA 93210. CITY NEGOTIATOR: City Manager, Sean Brewer and City Attorney Mario Zamora; NEGOTIATING PARTIES:
City of Coalinga, and Gimme Love Animal Shelter. UNDER NEGOTIATION: Price, Terms and Conditions of a Property Lease & Use Agreement
10. CLOSED SESSION REPORT
Closed Session: A "Closed" or "Executive" Session of the City Council, Successor Agency, or Public Finance Authority may be held as required for items as follows: personnel matters; labor negotiations; security matters; providing instructions to real property negotiators; legal counsel regarding pending litigation; and protection of records exempt from public disclosure.
Closed session will be held in the Administration Building at 155 W. Durian Avenue and any announcements or discussion will be held at the same location following Closed Session.
11. ADJOURNMENT
STAFF REPORT - CITY COUNCIL/SUCCESSOR AGENCY/PUBLIC FINANCE
AUTHORITY
Subject: Public Hearing and Adoption of the City of Coalinga’s 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan Meeting Date: Thursday, September 3, 2026
From: Sean Brewer, City Manager
Prepared by: Jesse Barron, Assistant City Manager
I. RECOMMENDATION:
Staff recommends that the City Council conduct a public hearing to receive and consider public comments regarding the Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) and 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP). Following the public hearing, if no substantive changes are required, adopt the attached Resolutions approving the 2025 UWMP and WSCP.
II. BACKGROUND:
The California Urban Water Management Planning Act requires urban water suppliers that provide water to more than 3,000 service connections or supply more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually to prepare and adopt an Urban Water Management Plan every five years. The UWMP serves as a long-range water resource planning document and evaluates existing and projected water demands, available water supplies, water supply reliability, water conservation, drought preparedness, and other water management activities.
The City of Coalinga is an urban retail water supplier and previously adopted its 2020 UWMP and WSCP on March 3, 2022. The 2025 UWMP represents the City's required five-year update and has been prepared in accordance with the California Water Code (CWC) and Department of Water Resources’ (DWR) 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook. The current DWR Guidebook establishes updated reporting requirements addressing water use, distribution system water loss, water supply characterization, water service reliability, drought risk, demand management, and the WSCP.
III. DISCUSSION:
The 2025 UWMP provides an updated evaluation of the City’s water system, historical and current water use, projected demands, water supply availability and reliability, conservation programs, and drought preparedness through 2050. The City’s potable water supply is provided through its Central Valley Project (CVP) water supply contract with the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). Accordingly, the UWMP evaluates the reliability of the City’s surface water supply under normal, single-dry, and multiple-dryyear conditions, considering CVP allocations, hydrologic and drought conditions, regulatory constraints, climate change, and the infrastructure used to convey and treat the City’s water supply. The reliability assessment indicates that the City is capable of meeting projected water demands under normal conditions; however, reduced CVP allocations during prolonged drought conditions may require implementation of the shortage response actions identified in the City's WSCP.
The 2025 UWMP also evaluates the City’s progress toward State water conservation and water-use efficiency requirements and documents the City’s ongoing demand management measures. The updated WSCP establishes the framework the City will use to respond to actual or anticipated water shortages and incorporates the six standard water shortage levels required by the California Water Code, ranging from shortages of up to 10 percent to shortages greater than 50 percent. The WSCP identifies corresponding demand reduction measures, operational actions, communication procedures, monitoring, enforcement, and other actions that may be implemented in response to changing water supply conditions.
The Draft 2025 UWMP and WSCP were made available for public review, and required notices were provided in accordance with the CWC. Following consideration of comments received during the public review period and public hearing, the City Council may adopt the 2025 UWMP and WSCP by resolution.
Following adoption, the plans will be submitted to DWR and other required agencies and made available to the public in accordance with State requirements.
IV. ALTERNATIVES:
The City Council may direct staff to make revisions to the Draft 2025 UWMP and/or WSCP prior to adoption. If the requested revisions are substantive, adoption may need to be continued to a subsequent City Council meeting to allow the revisions to be completed and to ensure continued compliance with applicable CWC requirements.
V. FISCAL IMPACT:
There is no direct fiscal impact associated with adoption of the 2025 UWMP or the 2025 WSCP. Maintaining a current UWMP is required by the CWC and is generally a prerequisite for eligibility to receive grants, loans, and other financial assistance administered by DWR and other State funding agencies.
Adoption of the 2025 UWMP and WSCP will maintain the City's compliance with State requirements and preserve eligibility for future water infrastructure funding opportunities.
ATTACHMENTS:
File Name Description
Resolution_No._4361_Adoption_of_the_2025_UWMP.pdf Resolution No. 4361 Resolution_No._4362_Adoption_of_the_2025_WSCP.pdf Resolution No. 4362 City_of_Coalinga_DRAFT_2025_UWMP_August_2026.pdf Draft 2025 UWMP RESOLUTION NO. 4361
RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF COALINGA ADOPTING THE 2025 URBAN
WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
WHEREAS, the Urban Water Management Planning Act (California Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656) requires every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 service connections or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually to prepare and periodically update an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP); and WHEREAS, California Water Code Section 10621 requires urban water suppliers to review and update their UWMP every five years and submit the adopted Plan to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR); and
WHEREAS, the City of Coalinga is an urban water supplier as defined by California Water Code Section 10617 and previously adopted its 2020 Urban Water Management Plan on March 3, 2022; and WHEREAS, the Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act and the California Department of Water Resources 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook; and WHEREAS, pursuant to California Water Code Sections 10621 and 10642, the City provided notice of its intent to prepare the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan to the applicable public agencies, made the Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan available for public inspection, published notice of the public hearing in accordance with Government Code Section 6066, and provided notice of the hearing to the cities and counties within which the City provides water service; and WHEREAS, a duly noticed public hearing was held by the City Council on September 3, 2026, during which all interested persons were given an opportunity to be heard and all comments received regarding the Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan were considered prior to adoption.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Coalinga, as follows:
1. The foregoing recitals are true and correct and incorporated by reference.
2. The Council adopts the City of Coalinga 2025 Urban Water Management Plan.
3. The Council authorizes and directs the Assistant City Manager, or designee, to submit the adopted 2025 Urban Water Management Plan to the California Department of Water Resources, the California State Library, and all other agencies as required by California Water Code Section 10644, to make the adopted Plan available for public review, and to take all actions necessary to implement the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act.
The foregoing resolution was introduced and adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Coalinga held on the 3rd day of September, 2026, by the following vote:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
APPROVED:
_______________________________
Nathan Vosburg, Mayor
ATTEST:
_________________________________
Shannon Jensen, City Clerk
RESOLUTION NO. 4362
RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF COALINGA ADOPTING THE 2025 WATER
SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
WHEREAS, the Urban Water Management Planning Act (California Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656) requires every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 service connections or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually to prepare and periodically update an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP); and WHEREAS, California Water Code Section 10632 requires each urban water supplier to prepare and adopt a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) that establishes the actions the supplier will undertake to respond to water shortages and catastrophic water supply interruptions; and WHEREAS, the City of Coalinga is an urban water supplier as defined by California Water Code Section 10617 and previously adopted its 2020 Water Shortage Contingency Plan on June 8, 2022; and WHEREAS, the Draft 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act and the California Department of Water Resources 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook; and WHEREAS, the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan establishes six standard water shortage levels, identifies corresponding demand reduction actions, response measures, communication procedures, enforcement provisions, annual water supply assessment procedures, and actions to address catastrophic water supply interruptions in accordance with California Water Code Section 10632; and WHEREAS, pursuant to California Water Code Sections 10621 and 10642, the City provided notice of its intent to prepare the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan to the applicable public agencies, made the Draft Water Shortage Contingency Plan available for public inspection, published notice of the public hearing in accordance with Government Code Section 6066, and provided notice of the hearing to the cities and counties within which the City provides water service; and WHEREAS, a duly noticed public hearing was held by the City Council on September 3, 2026, during which all interested persons were given an opportunity to be heard and all comments received regarding the Draft 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan were considered prior to adoption.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Coalinga, as follows:
1. The foregoing recitals are true and correct and incorporated by reference.
2. The Council adopts the City of Coalinga 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan.
3. The Council authorizes and directs the Public Works Director, or designee, to submit the adopted 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan to the California Department of Water Resources in accordance with California Water Code Section 10644, make the adopted Plan available for public review, and take all actions necessary to implement the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act and the Water Shortage Contingency Plan.
The foregoing resolution was introduced and adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Coalinga held on the 3rd day of September, 2026, by the following vote:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
APPROVED:
_______________________________
Nathan Vosburg, Mayor
ATTEST:
_________________________________
Shannon Jensen, City Clerk
AM Consulting Engineers, Inc – 5150 N Sixth Street, Suite 124 – Fresno CA 93710 – P: 559.473.1371 – F: 559.513.8449
CITY OF COALINGA
DRAFT 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
August 2026
Prepared by:
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table of contents
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION AND LAY DESCRIPTION..................................................................................7
1.1. Background and Purpose ...................................................................................................................7
1.2. Urban Water Management Planning and the California Water Code...............................................7
1.2.1. Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7).................................................................................8
1.3. Urban Water Management Plan in Relation to Other Planning Efforts ............................................8
1.4. 2025 UWMP Organization .................................................................................................................9
1.5. Updates from the 2025 UWMP .......................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 2 - PLAN PREPARATION...............................................................................................................12
2.1. Basis for Preparing a Plan ................................................................................................................12
2.1.1. Public Water Systems................................................................................................................13
2.1.2. Agencies Serving Multiple Service Areas/Public Water Systems..............................................13
2.2. Individual or Regional Plan...............................................................................................................13
2.3. Fiscal or Calendar Year and Units of Measure.................................................................................14
2.3.1. Fiscal or Calendar Year..............................................................................................................14
2.3.2. Units of Measure.......................................................................................................................14
2.4. Coordination and Outreach .............................................................................................................15
2.4.1. Wholesale and Retail Coordination ..........................................................................................15
2.4.2. Coordination with Other Agencies and the Community...........................................................16
2.4.3. Notice to Cities and Counties....................................................................................................16 CHAPTER 3 - SYSTEM DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................17
3.1. General Description .........................................................................................................................17
3.2. Service Area Boundary Map.............................................................................................................18
3.3. Service Area Climate ........................................................................................................................18
3.4. Service Area Population and Demographics....................................................................................20
3.4.1. Service Area Current and Projected Population .......................................................................20
3.4.2. Other Social, Economic and Demographic Factors...................................................................21
3.5. Land Uses Within Service Area ........................................................................................................21 CHAPTER 4 - WATER USE CHARACTERIZATION...........................................................................................23 City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table of contents
ii
4.1. Non-Potable Versus Potable Water Use..........................................................................................23
4.2. Past, Current, and Projected Water Use by Sector..........................................................................23
4.2.1. Water Use Sectors Listed in Water Code..................................................................................24
4.2.2. Water Use Sectors in Addition to Those Listed in Water Code ................................................25
4.2.3. Past Water Use..........................................................................................................................26
4.2.4. Current Water Use ....................................................................................................................28
4.2.5. Projected Water Use.................................................................................................................29
4.2.6. Climate Change Considerations................................................................................................33
4.3. Distribution Water Loss ...................................................................................................................34
4.3.1. Previous Five Years Distribution System Losses .......................................................................35
4.3.2. Progress Toward Meeting the Water Loss Performance Standard ..........................................36 CHAPTER 5 - SB X7-7 BASELINES, TARGETS, AND COMPLIANCE ................................................................39
5.1. Baseline and Targets........................................................................................................................39
5.2. Gross per Capita Water Use Baselines and Targets.........................................................................39
5.3. Compliance with the 2020 Daily per Capita Water Use Target .......................................................39 CHAPTER 6 - NORMAL-YEAR WATER SUPPLY CHARACTERIZATION............................................................41
6.1. Water Supply Characterization........................................................................................................41
6.1.1. Purchased or Imported Water..................................................................................................41
6.1.2. Groundwater.............................................................................................................................41
6.1.3. Surface Water ...........................................................................................................................42
6.1.4. Existing Water System Infrastructure .......................................................................................43
6.1.5. Stormwater...............................................................................................................................44
6.1.6. Wastewater and Recycled Water .............................................................................................45
6.1.7. Desalinated Water Opportunities.............................................................................................51
6.1.8. Water Exchanges or Transfers..................................................................................................52
6.1.9. Supply from Storage..................................................................................................................52
6.1.10. Other.......................................................................................................................................52
6.1.11. Future Water Projects.............................................................................................................52
6.2. Summary of Existing and Planned Sources......................................................................................53
6.3. Energy Use .......................................................................................................................................56 City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table of contents
iii
CHAPTER 7 - WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY AND DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT .........................................60
7.1. Constraints on Water Sources .........................................................................................................60
7.1.1. Water Quality............................................................................................................................61
7.1.2. Climatic Changes.......................................................................................................................62
7.1.3. Legal and Institutional Constraints ...........................................................................................63
7.2. Water Service Reliability Assessment..............................................................................................63
7.2.1. Year Type Characterization.......................................................................................................64
7.2.2. Supply and Demand Comparison..............................................................................................65
7.2.3. Description of Management Tools and Options.......................................................................68
7.3. Drought Risk Assessment.................................................................................................................69
7.3.1. Data, Methodology, and Basis of Analysis................................................................................69
7.3.2. Water Supply Determination....................................................................................................72
7.3.3. Supply and Demand Comparison..............................................................................................72
7.3.4. Consideration of Climate Change and Other Factors ...............................................................72
7.3.5. Summary of Findings.................................................................................................................73 CHAPTER 8 - WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN ..............................................................................74
8.1. Water Supply Reliability Analysis.....................................................................................................75
8.2. Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Procedures ..........................................................76
8.2.1. Decision Making Process...........................................................................................................77
8.2.2. Data and Methodologies...........................................................................................................78
8.3. Six Standard Water Shortage Stages................................................................................................79
8.4. Shortage Response Actions..............................................................................................................81
8.4.1. Supply Augmentation................................................................................................................83
8.4.2. Demand Reductions..................................................................................................................84
8.4.3. Operational Changes.................................................................................................................87
8.4.4. Additional Mandatory Restrictions...........................................................................................88
8.4.5. Emergency Response Plan ........................................................................................................89
8.4.6. Seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan ..........................................................................90
8.4.7. Shortage Response Action Effectiveness..................................................................................91
8.5. Communication Protocols................................................................................................................92 City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table of contents
iv
8.6. Compliance and Enforcement..........................................................................................................93
8.7. Legal Authorities..............................................................................................................................94
8.8. Financial Consequences of WSCP Activation...................................................................................95
8.9. Monitoring and Reporting ...............................................................................................................96
8.10. WSCP Refinement Procedures.......................................................................................................97
8.11. Special Water Feature Distinction .................................................................................................97
8.12. Plan Adoption, Submittal, Availability, and Amendment Procedures...........................................98 CHAPTER 9 - DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES..................................................................................100
9.1. Implementation over the Past Five Years......................................................................................101
9.2. Implementation to Achieve Water-Use Targets............................................................................102
9.3. Required Demand Management Measures...................................................................................103
9.3.1. Water Waste Prevention Ordinance.......................................................................................103
9.3.2. Metering..................................................................................................................................105
9.3.3. Conservation Pricing ...............................................................................................................106
9.3.4. Public Education and Outreach...............................................................................................106
9.3.5. Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss............................................107
9.3.6. Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support.........................................107
9.3.7. Other Demand Management Measures.................................................................................108 CHAPTER 10 - PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND IMPLEMENTATION...................................................110
10.1. Plan Completion Timeline............................................................................................................110
10.2. Notice of Plan Preparation...........................................................................................................110
10.3. Notice of Public Hearing ..............................................................................................................110
10.4. Public Hearing and Adoption .......................................................................................................111
10.5. Plan Submittal..............................................................................................................................112
10.5.1. Submitting a UWMP and WSCP to DWR...............................................................................112
10.5.2. Electronic Data Submittal .....................................................................................................112
10.5.3. Submitting UWMP, including WSCP, to the California State Library....................................113
10.5.4. Submitting UWMP to the Cities and Counties......................................................................113
10.6. Public Availability .........................................................................................................................113
10.7. Notification to Public Utilities Commission .................................................................................113 City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table of contents
v
10.8. Plan Implementation ...................................................................................................................113
10.9. Amending an Adopted UWMP or WSCP......................................................................................114
10.9.1. Amending a UWMP...............................................................................................................114
10.9.2. Amending a Water Shortage Contingency Plan....................................................................114
APPENDIX A LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS
APPENDIX B NOTICE OF PLAN PREPARATION
APPENDIX C ZONING MAP
APPENDIX D SB X7-7 COMPLIANCE FORM
APPENDIX E ENERGY INTENSITY TABLES
APPENDIX F MUNICIPAL CODE CHAPTER 4C WATER CONSERVATION
APPENDIX G PUBLICATION OF NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING
APPENDIX H NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING
APPENDIX I 2025 UWMP AND WSCP ADOPTION RESOLUTION
APPENDIX J 2025 UWMP CHECKLIST
List of Tables
Table ES-1 Overview of the 2020 UWMP .....................................................................................................1 Table ES-2 Population - Current and Projected (Submittal Table 3-1) .........................................................3 Public Water Systems (Submittal Table 2-1)...............................................................................13 Plan Identification (Submittal Table 2-2) ....................................................................................14 Supplier Identification (Submittal Table 2-3)..............................................................................15 Water Supplier Information Exchange (Submittal Table 2-4).....................................................15 Climate Data................................................................................................................................19 Population - Current and Projected (Submittal Table 3-1).........................................................20 Historical Water Use by Sector...................................................................................................26 Last Five Years of Water Loss Audit Reporting ...........................................................................27 2025 Actual Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water (Submittal Table 4-1)...................28 Projected Number of Total Connections by User Type...............................................................29 Total Uses of Potable, and Non-PotableWater - Projected (Submittal Table 4-2).....................31 Inclusion in Water Use Projections (Submittal Table 4-3) ..........................................................32 Water Loss Audit Reporting (Submittal Table 4-5) .....................................................................36 City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table of contents
vi
Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard (Submittal Table 4-6)..........................................38 Gross Per Capita Water Use Baselines and Targets Summary....................................................39 SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress (Submittal Table 5-1) ..................................................................40 Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 (Submittal Table 6-2) ................................47 Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025 (Submittal Table 6- 3) 48
Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025 (Submittal Table 6- 3) 49
Water Supplies — 2025 Actual (Submittal Table 6-8).................................................................54 Water Supplies — Projected (Submittal Table 6-9) ....................................................................55 Recommended Energy Reporting - Single Delivery Product - Total Utility Approach (Submittal Table O-1B) 57
Recommended Energy Reporting - Single Delivery Product - Total Utility Approach (Submittal Table O-1C) 58
Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) (Submittal Table 7-1) ..................................64 Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-2) ...............................................66 Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-3) ...........................................67 Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-4)......................................67 Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment (Submittal Table 7-5).........................................................70 Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels (Submittal Table 8-1) ......................80 Water Shortage Contingency Plan Levels...................................................................................82 Water Usage Reduction by Stage................................................................................................83 Supply Augmentation and Other Actions (Submittal Table 8-2) ................................................83 Demand Reduction Actions (Submittal Table 8-3)......................................................................85 Notification to Cities and Counties (Submittal Table 10-1) ....................................................111 City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Abbreviations
vii
ABBREVIATIONS
AF Acre-Feet
AWS Alternative Water Supply
ACS American Community Survey
AWSDA Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment
AB Assembly Bill
BMP Best Management Practice
CIMIS California Irrigation Management Information System CWC California Water Code
City City of Coalinga
Census United States Census Bureau
DMM Demand Management Measure
DWR Department of Water Resources
DDW Division of Drinking Water
DRA Drought Risk Assessment
EAR Electronic Annual Report
ERP Emergency Response Plan
ETo Evapotranspiration
GAL Gallons
GPCD Gallons per Capita Day
GPM Gallons per Minute
CCF Hundred Cubic Feet
kWh Kilowatt-Hour
kWh/MG Kilowatt-Hours per Million Gallons
MHI Median Household Income
MG Million Gallons
MGD Million Gallons per Day
MG/L Milligrams per Liter
MF Microfiltration
ml/l-hr Milliliter per Liter Hour
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Abbreviations
viii
PWS Public Water System
SB Senate Bill
SWRCB State Water Resources Control Board
UWMP Urban Water Management Plan
UWMPA Urban Water Management Plan Act
UWUO Urban Water Use Objective
WUEdata Water Use Efficiency Data
WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan
WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant
WRCC Western Regional Climate Center
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Executive Summary
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The City of Coalinga (City) has prepared this 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) in accordance with the requirements of the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) for all urban water suppliers that provide water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers within the State of California. This 2025 UWMP has been prepared to be consistent with the California Water Code (CWC) and the Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook 2025.
The 2025 UWMP will be adopted by the City Council of the City of Coalinga following a duly noticed public hearing and submitted to DWR within 30 days of adoption, in compliance with statutory requirements.
The following sections of this Executive Summary provide an accessible overview of the key components of each chapter of the Plan. Table ES-1 summarizes the content included in each chapter of the 2025 UWMP.
Table ES-1 Overview of the 2020 UWMP
Chapter Information Within Chapter
Chapter 1 – Introduction and Lay
Description
• Overview of UWMP requirements and purpose.
• Plan organization and regulatory framework.
Chapter 2 – Plan Preparation • Basis for plan preparation. • Coordination, outreach, and public participation.
Chapter 3 – System Description
• Description of the City of Coalinga's service area and water system. • Climate and hydrologic characteristics.
• Current and projected population.
• Socioeconomics and demographics
Chapter 4 – Water Use
Characterization
• Historical and projected water use and demand.
• Water loss and climate change considerations.
Chapter 5 – SB X7-7 Baselines,
Targets, and Compliance
• Baseline and target per capita water use.
• Demonstration of compliance with State requirements.
Chapter 6 – Normal-Year Water
Supply Characterization
• Description of water supply sources, treatment facilities, and infrastructure.
• Description of wastewater treatment and recycled water uses. • Expected future water projects.
• Current and projected water supplies and recycled water uses. • Climate change and regulatory condition impacts to supplies.
Chapter 7 – Water Service
Reliability and Drought Risk
Assessment
• Evaluation of supply reliability under normal, single dry, and multiple dry year conditions.
• Updated Drought Risk Assessment (DRA).
Chapter 8 – Water Shortage
Contingency Plan
• Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment procedures. • Water shortage stages and response actions.
• Communication, enforcement, and emergency response planning.
Chapter 9 – Demand
Management Measures
• Description of implemented and planned Demand Measurement Measures.
Chapter 10 – Plan Adoption,
Submittal, and Implementation
• Procedures followed for 2025 UWMP noticing and adoption process. • Plan and amendment submittal process.
The City’s 2025 UWMP is based on a calendar year reporting period, with 2025 spanning from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025. In accordance with UWMP requirements, the City reports actual water City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Executive Summary
2 supply and demand for 2025 and provides projections in five-year increments through 2050. These projections enable the City to evaluate long-term water supply reliability and identify potential impacts associated with population growth, climate variability, and evolving regional water supply conditions.
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Water supply planning is a critical function of urban water suppliers, particularly as California continues to experience hydrologic variability, regulatory changes, and long-term climate change impacts. The UWMPA, enacted in 1983, established the requirement for urban water suppliers to prepare UWMPs and provides the framework for long-term water resources planning.
The UWMP serves as a key planning document that evaluates water supply availability, demand projections, and system reliability, while also informing the public, decision-makers, and regulatory agencies of the City’s water management strategies. The 2025 UWMP assesses the City of Coalinga’s ability to meet current and future water demands under normal, single dry, and multiple dry year conditions, consistent with CWC requirements.
The 2025 UWMP is intended to serve as a planning-level, adaptable document that can be updated as conditions change or new information becomes available. In coordination with the City’s broader planning efforts, the UWMP will serve as a guiding framework for water resource management, conservation initiatives, and infrastructure planning throughout the upcoming planning cycle, with the next update scheduled for 2030.
CHAPTER 2 – PLAN PREPARATION
The City has prepared this 2025 UWMP in accordance with the UWMPA (CWC Sections 10610 through 10656). This Plan summaries the City’s projected retail water demands and characterizes the available water supplies to meet those demands through the planning horizon. It also evaluates water supply reliability and describes the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) for responding to drought conditions and potential catastrophic supply interruptions.
As detailed in Chapter 2, the City has coordinated with surrounding water management agencies, public agencies, and the community during preparation of this 2025 UWMP. Prior to the public hearing and adoption, the draft UWMP was made available for public review at the City of Coalinga City Hall, located at 155 West Durian, Coalinga, CA 93210 and on the City’s website (Coalinga CA | Official Website).
Following adoption, the final UWMP will continue to be available at City Hall and on the City’s website in accordance with statutory requirements.
CHAPTER 3 – SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Chapter 3 describes the City’s potable water service area, which provides the foundation for the water use, supply reliability, and drought planning analyses presented throughout this UWMP. The City provides potable water service to an estimated 17,622 residents in 2025, in addition to commercial, industrial, institutional, and public customers located within the City’s service area. Coalinga is situated in the Pleasant Valley at the western edge of California’s Central Valley in southwestern Fresno County, adjacent to the Coast Range foothills. The City is located approximately 60 miles southwest of the City of Fresno and approximately 10 miles west of Interstate 5, providing an important regional connection between the City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Executive Summary
3 San Joaquin Valley and California’s Central Coast. Monterey County borders the region to the west, while Kings County lies to the east
Chapter 3 also summarizes existing and projected population, along with key demographic, socioeconomic, service area’s climate, and land use characteristics within the City’s planning area.
Population projections are based on the California Department of Finance 2025 population estimate and assume an average annual growth rate of approximately 2.77 percent, consistent with historical population trends. The City’s population is projected to increase from approximately 17,622 persons in 2025 to 34,921 persons by 2050. These projections support long-term water demand forecasting, infrastructure planning, and evaluation of future water supply reliability throughout the UWMP planning horizon.
Table ES-2 Population - Current and Projected (Submittal Table 3-1) Population Served 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
17,622 20,205 23,167 26,563 30,457 34,921
NOTES:
(1) Population projections are based on the 2025 California Department of Finance population estimate for the City of Coalinga service area and assume an average annual growth rate of approximately 2.77 percent.
(2)Projected population values are rounded to the nearest whole person.
CHAPTER 4 – WATER USE CHARACTERIZATION
Chapter 4 describes historical, current, and projected potable and non-potable water use within the Coalinga service area and provides the basis for evaluating future water demands. The chapter evaluates water use by customer sector, including single-family residential, multi-family residential, commercial, industrial, institutional/governmental, landscape irrigation, and distribution system water loss, while also accounting for the City's non-potable raw water deliveries to agricultural users. Historical and consumption records, combined with projected population growth, provide the foundation for estimating future water requirements. The water use projections presented in this chapter enable the City to effectively evaluate water resource needs, support long-term planning, and ensure continued reliable service to customers.
This chapter also evaluates historical water use trends and current water demand conditions, which are used to develop projected demands throughout the UWMP planning horizon. Demand projections incorporate anticipated population growth, historical usage patterns, and other relevant planning factors.
These projected demands allow the City to assess future supply needs, plan capital improvements, and make informed infrastructure investment decisions. Projected water demands developed for the UWMP planning horizon are summarized in Table ES-3 and are used in subsequent chapters to evaluate longterm water supply reliability and drought resilience.
Table ES-3 Total Uses of Potable, and Non-Potable Water - Projected Use Type Additional
Description 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Single Family 440 505 579 664 761 872
Multi-Family 82 93 107 123 141 162
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Executive Summary
4 Table ES-3 Total Uses of Potable, and Non-Potable Water - Projected Use Type Additional
Description 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Commercial 117 134 154 177 202 232
Industrial 33 37 43 49 57 65
Landscape 64 73 84 96 110 126
Institutional/Governmental Coalinga State
Hospital
78 92 92 92 92 92
Institutional/Governmental Pleasant Valley
State Prison
169 156 156 156 156 156
Distribution System Water Loss 299 247 247 247 247 247
Agricultural Raw Surface
Water Deliveries 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067
TOTAL 2,349 2,405 2,529 2,671 2,833 3,020
CHAPTER 5 – SB X7-7 BASELINES, TARGETS, AND 2020 COMPLIANCE Chapter 5 documents the City’s compliance with the Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7), which established a statewide goal to reduce urban per capita water use by 20 percent by 2020. In accordance with these requirements, the City previously developed baseline water use and corresponding reduction targets, expressed in gallons per capita per day (GPCD), using approved DWR methodologies during previous UWMP cycles.
The City established its 2020 water use target using Method 1, which applies a 20 percent reduction to baseline water use. Based on this approach, the City adopted a 2020 target of 273 GPCD. As documented in this 2025 UWMP, the City achieved this target, with an actual 2020 water use of 214 GPCD.
CHAPTER 6 – NORMAL-YEAR WATER SUPPLY CHARACTERIZATION
Chapter 6 describes the City's existing and projected water supplies and the infrastructure used to reliably deliver potable water throughout the service area under normal-year conditions. The City relies exclusively on imported surface water from the United States Bureau of Reclamation's (USBR) Central Valley Project (CVP) pursuant to its long-term water service contract. Imported raw water is conveyed to the City's Water Treatment Plant (WTP), where it undergoes treatment before being distributed through the City's potable water system to residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and governmental customers. In addition to its potable water system, the City also delivers untreated raw water to agricultural customers for irrigation purposes through a separate non-potable distribution system.
In addition, Chapter 6 summarizes the City's wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal system.
Wastewater generated within the service area is collected and conveyed to the City's wastewater treatment facility, where treated effluent is managed through evaporation and percolation ponds in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements. Although the City does not currently operate a disinfected tertiary recycled water system or provide direct recycled water for beneficial reuse, treated effluent contributes incidental groundwater recharge through percolation, and future opportunities for City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Executive Summary
5 recycled water reuse will continue to be evaluated as part of the City's long-term water resource management strategy.
Finally, the chapter identifies planned water supply and system improvement projects intended to maintain long-term water supply reliability, operational resiliency, regulatory compliance, and the capacity necessary to meet projected customer demands through the year 2050. These projected normalyear supplies provide the basis for the water supply reliability analyses presented in Chapter 7 and support the City's long-term planning for continued delivery of safe and reliable water service CHAPTER 7 – WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY AND DROUGHT RISK
ASSESSMENT
Water supply reliability describes the City's ability to provide adequate water supplies to meet customer demands under a range of hydrologic conditions. Chapter 7 evaluates the reliability of the City's water supplies to meet current and projected demands under normal-year, single dry-year, and multiple dryyear conditions through 2050, as required by the CWC. The assessment compares projected water supplies and water demands to identify potential supply shortages and evaluate the City's long-term water supply reliability.
The City relies exclusively on imported surface water supplied through its CVP contract with the USBR.
Under normal-year and single dry-year conditions, available water supplies are projected to fully meet anticipated water demands throughout the planning horizon. Under extended multiple dry-year conditions, reduced CVP allocations are projected to result in water supply shortages during later years of the drought sequence. These projected shortages are expected to be addressed through implementation of the City's WSCP, including staged demand reduction measures and other drought response actions.
Chapter 7 also includes the City's updated Drought Risk Assessment (DRA), which evaluates the effects of a five-year drought on water supply reliability and identifies the demand reductions necessary to maintain a balanced supply and demand. The chapter further considers factors that may influence long-term water supply reliability, including climate change, regulatory requirements, and operational constraints affecting imported water deliveries. Collectively, these evaluations demonstrate that the City is well positioned to maintain reliable water service through proactive planning, annual water supply assessments, and implementation of the WSCP when drought conditions warrant CHAPTER 8 – WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
Chapter 8 presents the City’s WSCP, which establishes a structured framework for responding to water supply shortages and emergency conditions. The WSCP is prepared in accordance with CWC requirements and identifies procedures and actions the City will implement to manage water supplies during shortages.
The WSCP includes defined water shortage levels, ranging from normal conditions to severe shortages, and identifies corresponding response actions for each level. These actions include demand reduction measures, supply augmentation strategies, operational adjustments, and mandatory water use restrictions, as appropriate to local conditions.
The chapter also describes the City’s Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment (AWSDA) procedures, which are used to evaluate current supply conditions and determine whether a water shortage stage City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Executive Summary
6 should be declared. Communication protocols, compliance and enforcement mechanisms, and procedures for addressing catastrophic supply interruptions are also addressed.
The WSCP provides a proactive and flexible approach to managing water shortages, ensuring that the City can protect public health and safety, maintain essential services, and minimize impacts to customers during droughts and other emergency events.
CHAPTER 9 – DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
Chapter 9 describes the City’s Demand Management Measures (DMMs), which are implemented to promote water use efficiency and support long-term water supply reliability. These measures are consistent with CWC requirements and reflect the City’s ongoing commitment to water conservation.
The chapter summarizes the City's Demand Management Measures implemented over the past five years, as well as ongoing and planned conservation programs. These measures include water waste prevention ordinances, universal metering, conservation-oriented water rates, public education and outreach, distribution system water loss management, water conservation program coordination, and additional conservation programs such as the Greywater Rebate Program and Turf Replacement Program. The chapter also describes the City's continued efforts to improve system efficiency through meter replacement, proactive maintenance, and implementation of water-saving practices.
The City's demand management efforts are intended to improve water use efficiency, reduce overall water demand, and support compliance with State water conservation requirements, including California's long-term urban water use efficiency standards. These programs also play an important role in maintaining reliable water supplies during drought conditions, improving system efficiency, and supporting the sustainable management of the City's water resources.
CHAPTER 10 – PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND IMPLEMENTATION Chapter 10 describes the procedures followed by the City for the public review, adoption, and submittal of the 2025 UWMP, in accordance with CWC requirements. The City provided notice of UWMP preparation to applicable agencies and made the draft Plan available for public review prior to a duly noticed public hearing. Following the public hearing, the City Council of the City of Coalinga considered all comments received and adopted the UWMP by resolution.
Within 30 days of adoption, the UWMP will be submitted to the DWR, the California State Library, and other required entities. The final adopted UWMP will be made available to the public at City Hall and on the City’s website (Coalinga CA | Official Website).
This chapter also outlines the City’s approach to implementing the UWMP and maintaining compliance with applicable requirements, including periodic review and updates, as well as coordination with future planning efforts.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 1 – Introduction and Lay Description
7 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION AND LAY DESCRIPTION
1.1. Background and Purpose
The CWC requires all urban water suppliers within the State to prepare and adopt Urban Water Management Plans (UWMPs) for submittal to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR).
UWMPs must be updated every five years in accordance with the Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMPA) of 1983, as amended. The UWMPA applies to urban water suppliers that provide water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 service connections or supply more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) of water annually.
This UWMP serves as a comprehensive planning document intended to guide long-term water resource management. It supports the efficient use of available water supplies, promotes water conservation, and ensures that adequate and reliable water supplies are available to meet existing and future demands.
Additionally, it establishes a framework for responding to drought conditions and other potential water supply shortages.
The City of Coalinga (City) has prepared this 2025 UWMP in compliance with the CWC, Division 6, Part 2.6 (Sections 10610 through 10656), and in accordance with current DWR guidelines and applicable statutory requirements.
The primary objectives of the UWMP are to:
• Support long-term, reliable water supply planning.
• Ensure efficient use of available water resources.
• Assess the adequacy of water supplies under varying hydrologic conditions. • Identify water supply and demand management strategies. • Provide a framework for responding to droughts and water shortages.
This 2025 UWMP builds upon the City’s previous UWMPs, including the most recent 2020 UWMP, and reflects updated data, regulatory requirements, and planning assumptions. The Plan evaluates water supply reliability over a minimum 20-year planning horizon, through 2050, and incorporates current requirements related to drought planning, water use efficiency, and climate resilience.
1.2. Urban Water Management Planning and the California Water Code Water planning is a fundamental responsibility of urban water suppliers and is increasingly important as California continues to experience hydrologic variability, prolonged drought conditions, and evolving regulatory requirements. The UWMPA establishes a consistent framework for long-term water supply planning to ensure that water agencies evaluate future demands, available supplies, and system reliability.
The UWMPA, codified in Division 6, Part 2.6 of the CWC Sections 10610 through 10656, requires urban water suppliers to prepare and update UWMPs every five years. UWMPs must assess water supply reliability over a minimum 20-year planning horizon in five-year increments and evaluate conditions under normal, single-dry, and drought scenarios.
Since its adoption, the UWMPA has been amended to expand planning requirements and improve the State’s ability to manage water resources. Current UWMP requirements include, but are not limited to:
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 1 – Introduction and Lay Description
8 • Evaluation of current and projected water demands and supplies. • Quantification of distribution system water loss.
• Consideration of climate change impacts on water supply and demand. • Reporting of energy use associated with water and wastewater system operations. • Assessment of water supply reliability under multiple hydrologic conditions. • Preparation of a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA).
• Development of a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) with standardized shortage levels and response actions.
• Implementation and reporting of Demand Management Measures (DMMs).
In addition to the UWMPA, several key pieces of legislation have further refined urban water management planning:
• SB 606 (2018) – Strengthened drought planning requirements, including five consecutive dry-year reliability assessments and Drought Risk Assessments.
• AB 1668 (2018) – Established long-term water use efficiency standards. • AB 1414 (2019) – Enhanced water loss reporting and groundwater coordination requirements. • SB 606 (2018) – Required reporting of energy use associated with water systems. • CWC Section 10632 – Expanded requirements for Water Shortage Contingency Plans. • CWC Section 10630.5 – Requires inclusion of a lay description summarizing key UWMP findings.
These updates reflect a shift toward more robust drought preparedness, improved water use efficiency, and increased transparency in water management.
A complete copy of the UWMPA is provided in Appendix A.
1.2.1. Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7)
The Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7) established a statewide goal to reduce urban per capita water use by 20 percent by the year 2020. To support this goal, urban retail water suppliers were required to develop baseline water use estimates, interim targets, and 2020 compliance targets.
The City of Coalinga previously established its baseline and targets in prior UWMPs and has demonstrated compliance with its 2020 target. While SB X7-7 established the initial framework for urban water conservation, ongoing water use efficiency requirements are now governed by more recent legislation, including SB 606 and AB 1668, which establish long-term water use efficiency standards.
The City continues to monitor and report water use in accordance with State requirements and incorporates water use efficiency into its long-term planning and Demand Management Measures.
1.3. Urban Water Management Plan in Relation to Other Planning Efforts The 2025 UWMP is one component of the City’s broader water resources planning framework and is intended to be consistent with, and supported by, other planning documents, regulatory programs, and capital improvement efforts. The UWMP serves as a planning tool to evaluate long-term water supply reliability, projected demands, infrastructure needs, and drought preparedness in coordination with related City and regional planning initiatives. Key planning efforts related to this UWMP include:
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 1 – Introduction and Lay Description
9 • Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP): Incorporated into this UWMP pursuant to CWC Section 10632, the WSCP establishes procedures for responding to water shortage conditions, including defined shortage stages, demand reduction measures, supply augmentation actions, communication protocols, and enforcement procedures.
• Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment (AWSAR): Consistent with CWC Section 10632.1, the City conducts an annual assessment of available water supplies and projected demands to evaluate near-term supply reliability and determine whether drought response actions should be implemented. This annual process supports adaptive management of the City’s water resources and provides a mechanism for responding to changing hydrologic and operational conditions. • SB X7-7 and Water Use Efficiency Requirements: The City continues to comply with State water conservation and reporting requirements, including historic SB X7-7 targets and ongoing implementation of urban water use efficiency standards established under SB 606 and AB 1668. • General Plan: The UWMP is coordinated with the City of Coalinga General Plan, which establishes the community’s long-range vision for growth, land use, infrastructure, public services, and economic development. The General Plan provides the basis for population, housing, and land use assumptions utilized in the UWMP and helps ensure that adequate water supplies and infrastructure are available to support planned development within the City and its Sphere of Influence. The General Plan also promotes sustainable growth patterns, infrastructure planning, and resource management objectives that are consistent with the UWMP. • Housing Element: The City’s 2023–2031 Fresno County Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element identifies housing needs, population and household trends, housing opportunity sites, and programs intended to accommodate future residential growth and meet the City’s Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA). The UWMP considers anticipated residential development and population growth identified in the Housing Element when projecting future water demands and evaluating long-term water supply reliability. Coordination between the UWMP and Housing Element helps ensure that adequate water supplies are available to support planned housing development and community growth.
Together, these planning efforts provide a coordinated approach to managing water resources, maintaining critical infrastructure, and ensuring dependable water service for the City under both normal and drought conditions.
1.4. 2025 UWMP Organization
The information contained in this 2025 UWMP corresponds to the requirements of the UWMPA, as codified in the CWC and as amended since the 2020 UWMP. This 2025 UWMP has been organized in accordance with the DWR 2025 UWMP Guidebook and follows the recommended structure for plan preparation and reporting. The following provides a summary of each chapter and a brief description of the content included in this UWMP:
• Chapter 1 – Introduction and Lay Description: This chapter provides an overview of the UWMP, including regulatory context, purpose, and key planning requirements. It also includes the required lay description, which presents a clear and accessible summary of the Plan’s major findings, water supply reliability, and key challenges.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 1 – Introduction and Lay Description
10 • Chapter 2 – Plan Preparation: This chapter describes the basis for preparing the UWMP, including coordination with other agencies, stakeholder outreach, and compliance with statutory notification and public participation requirements.
• Chapter 3 – System Description: This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the City’s water system, including the service area, climate conditions, population and demographic characteristics, and other relevant planning factors.
• Chapter 4 – Water Use Characteristics: This chapter describes historical, current, and projected water use within the Coalinga service area. It includes an evaluation of water demands by sector, distribution system water losses, and factors influencing future demand, including climate change considerations.
• Chapter 5 – SB X7-7 Baselines, Targets, and Compliance: This chapter documents the City’s compliance with the State’s water conservation requirements, including baseline water use, established targets, and progress toward achieving those targets. • Chapter 6 – Normal Water Year Supply Characteristics: This chapter identifies and quantifies the existing and projected water supplies available to the City during normal water year conditions, including surface water supplies, recycled water, stormwater recharge and beneficial reuse, and other potential water supply sources. The chapter also evaluates long-term supply reliability, operational considerations, and opportunities to enhance water resource management and system resiliency.
• Chapter 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment: This chapter evaluates the reliability of the City’s water supplies over a minimum 20-year planning horizon under normal, single dry year, and five consecutive dry year conditions. It also includes the required Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) to assess potential supply shortages and risks. • Chapter 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan: This chapter presents the City’s WSCP, including standardized shortage levels, response actions, and procedures for addressing both gradual drought conditions and sudden supply interruptions.
• Chapter 9 – Demand Management Measures: This chapter describes the City’s water conservation programs and demand management measures (DMMs), including past implementation efforts and planned actions to reduce long-term water demand. • Chapter 10 – Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation: This chapter outlines the procedures followed for public review, hearing, and adoption of the UWMP. It also describes the submittal process to DWR and other agencies, and the City’s approach to implementing and maintaining the Plan.
1.5. Updates from the 2025 UWMP
This 2025 UWMP builds upon the City’s 2020 UWMP and incorporates updated data, revised methodologies, and new regulatory requirements. Key updates include:
• Updated population, demand, and supply projections using current data. • Updated water loss reporting and demand management measures. • Inclusion of the Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) updated for the 2025 planning cycle. • Expanded Water Shortage Contingency Plan consistent with current statutory requirements.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 1 – Introduction and Lay Description
11 The 2025 UWMP reflects current conditions and provides an updated framework for long-term water supply planning.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 2 – Plan Preparation
12 CHAPTER 2 - PLAN PREPARATION
This chapter provides the basis for preparation of the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and describes the regional coordination efforts employed by the City of Coalinga in developing the Plan. This chapter also identifies the reporting period and units of measure used by the City to report water supply, demand, and water use information throughout the 2025 UWMP.
In addition, this chapter summarizes the coordination and public outreach activities undertaken during preparation for the 2025 UWMP. Coordination with neighboring agencies, regional water management entities, and stakeholders, as well as outreach to customers and the public, are essential components of developing a comprehensive, accurate, and transparent UWMP.
2.1. Basis for Preparing a Plan
CWC Section 10617
“Urban water supplier” means a supplier, either publicly or privately owned, providing water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually. An urban water supplier includes a supplier or contractor for water, regardless of the basis of right, which distributes or sells for ultimate resale to customers. This part applies only to water supplied from public water systems subject to Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 116275) of Part 12 of Division 104 of the Health and Safety Code.
CWC Section 10608.12
(t) “Urban retail water supplier” means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that directly provides potable municipal water to more than 3,000 end users or that supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of potable water annually at retail for municipal purposes. (w) “Urban wholesale water supplier” means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that provides more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually at wholesale for potable municipal purposes.
CWC Section 10620
(b) Every person that becomes an urban water supplier shall adopt an urban water management plan within one year after it has become an urban water supplier.
CWC Section 10621
(a) Each urban water supplier shall update its plan at least once every five years on or before July 1, in years ending in six and one, incorporating updated and new information from the five years preceding each update.
The City of Coalinga provides municipal water service to a population of approximately 17,622 through a total of 3,836 service connections. As such, the City meets the definition of an “urban water supplier” pursuant to Section 10617 of the CWC. In accordance with the CWC, urban water suppliers are required to prepare and update a UWMP every five years. The City previously submitted UWMPs to the DWR in 2010, 2015, and 2020. The 2025 UWMP represents City’s fourth UWMP submission.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 3 – System Description
13 2.1.1. Public Water Systems
California Health and Safety Code 116275 (h)
“Public Water System” means a system for the provision of water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances that has 15 or more service connections or regularly serves at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year.
23 CCR Section 980(ddd):
(1) If the supplier owns and operates at least one public water system that has provided an average annual total of 3,000 AF of water or more for municipal purposes for the previous two years, or has served an annual average of 3,000 or more municipal service connections (i.e., residential [single or multifamily], commercial, institutional, industrial, or landscape irrigation) for the previous two years.
The City of Coalinga owns and operates a Public Water System (PWS No. 1010004) regulated by the State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water (SWRCB-DDW). The SWRCB-DDW requires routine reporting by public water systems to demonstrate compliance with applicable drinking water regulations.
To satisfy these requirements, the City submits Electronic Annual Reports (EARs) under the SWRCB-DDW Drinking Water Program, which includes annual water production, water use, and system information. In addition to the annual EAR submittals, the City also files monthly Water Conservation and Production Reports with the SWRCB. The City further submits validated water audits, annual water supply and demand assessments (AWSDA), and annual Urban Water Use Objective (UWUO) reports to DWR through the Water Use Efficiency Data (WUEdata) Portal. All information presented in this UWMP is consistent with the data reported through the EARs, monthly reports, and DWR WUEdata submittals.
2.1.2. Agencies Serving Multiple Service Areas/Public Water Systems The City of Coalinga serves its service area through one PWS. Information describing this PWS is presented in Table 2-1.
Public Water Systems (Submittal Table 2-1)
Has there been a change in the number of affiliated Public Water Systems since the 2020 UWMP? No
Public Water System
Number
Public Water System
Name
Number of
Municipal
Connections 2025
Volume of
Water Supplied
2025 (MG)
CA1010004 City of Coalinga 3,836 2,349
2.2. Individual or Regional Plan
The City of Coalinga is the sole urban water supplier within its service area; therefore, preparation of a regional UWMP was not considered feasible for this planning cycle. Although regional reporting opportunities may be considered in future planning cycles, the City has elected to prepare an Individual UWMP for this 2025 cycle.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 3 – System Description
14 The City continues to coordinate with the USBR, regional water agencies, neighboring jurisdictions, and other stakeholders on matters related to CVP water supplies, water supply reliability, regional water resource planning, and wastewater management. Through continued participation in regional planning efforts and interagency coordination, the City will continue to strengthen collaboration with neighboring agencies to support long-term water supply reliability, drought preparedness, and sustainable water resource management.
This 2025 UWMP has been prepared to address only the City of Coalinga’s service area and satisfies all applicable requirements of the CWC. Plan identification and reporting approach are summarized in Table 2-2, which confirms that the City has prepared an individual UWMP.
Plan Identification (Submittal Table 2-2)
Select One or
Both Type of Plan
Name of Regional
Alliance or RUWMP
(Drop Down List)
☒ Individual UWMP
☐
Water Supplier is also a member of a SB
X7-7 Regional Alliance Not Applicable
☐ Regional Urban Water Management Plan (RUWMP) Not Applicable
2.3. Fiscal or Calendar Year and Units of Measure
CWC Section 10608.20
(a)(1) Urban retail water suppliers…may determine the targets on a fiscal year or calendar year basis.
2.3.1. Fiscal or Calendar Year
The City of Coalinga maintains and reports water system information using both calendar year and fiscal year records, depending on the reporting requirement and operational purpose. For consistency with DWR UWMP reporting guidance, the data presented in this UWMP are reported on a calendar year basis unless otherwise noted. Fiscal year information may be referenced where necessary to support financial, budgeting, operational, or regulatory reporting requirements.
This 2025 UWMP is required to include water use and planning data for the entire 2025 calendar year.
Accordingly, all information presented in this 2025 UWMP reflects the full 2025 calendar year and is consistent with data submitted to the State.
2.3.2. Units of Measure
Water agencies use various units of measure when reporting water volumes, including acre-feet (AF), million gallons (MG), and hundred cubic feet (CCF). While agencies may report water volumes using any of these units, consistency must be maintained throughout the UWMP. The City typically reports water volumes in million gallons (MG). Table 2-3 summarizes the agency type, reporting year basis, and units of measurement used throughout this 2025 UWMP.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 3 – System Description
15 Supplier Identification (Submittal Table 2-3)
Type of Supplier (select one or both)
☐ Supplier is a wholesale supplier
☒ Supplier is a retail supplier
Fiscal or Calendar Year (select one)
☒ UWMP Tables are in calendar years
☐ UWMP Tables are in fiscal years
If using fiscal years provide month and date that the fiscal year begins (mm/dd)
Not Applicable
Units of measure used in UWMP
Unit MG
2.4. Coordination and Outreach
2.4.1. Wholesale and Retail Coordination
CWC Section 10631
(h) An urban water supplier that relies upon a wholesale agency for a source of water shall provide the wholesale agency with water use projections from that agency for that source of water in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The wholesale agency shall provide information to the urban water supplier for inclusion in the urban water supplier’s plan that identifies and quantifies, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water as required by subdivision (b), available from the wholesale agency to the urban water supplier over the same fiveyear increments, and during various water-year types in accordance with subdivision (f). An urban water supplier may rely upon water supply information provided by the wholesale agency in fulfilling the plan informational requirements of subdivisions (b) and (f).
When an urban water supplier relies on a wholesale water supplier, both agencies are required to exchange information regarding projected water supplies and demands. These projections must be consistent between the wholesale and retail suppliers to ensure coordinated planning, as required by Section 10631 of the CWC.
The City of Coalinga does not purchase or receive water from a wholesale water agency. Table 2-4 is included below to indicate that this requirement does not apply to the City.
Water Supplier Information Exchange (Submittal Table 2-4) The retail Supplier has informed the following wholesale supplier(s) of projected water use in accordance with Water Code Section 10631 (h).
Wholesale Water Supplier Name
Not Applicable
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 3 – System Description
16 2.4.2. Coordination with Other Agencies and the Community CWC Section 10620
(d)(3) Each urban water supplier shall coordinate the preparation of its plan with other appropriate agencies in the area, including other water suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies, to the extent practicable.
CWC Section 10642
Each urban water supplier shall encourage the active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan...
In preparation for this 2025 UWMP, the City coordinated with other appropriate agencies in the region, to the extent practicable, in accordance with CWC Sections 10620(d)(3) and 10621(b). Coordination efforts were undertaken to promote consistency in regional water planning and to provide affected agencies with notice of the UWMP preparation process.
The City provided notification of UWMP preparation to the following agencies:
• U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
• County of Fresno
• Westlands Water District
• Coalinga-Huron School District
These agencies were notified of the City’s intent to prepare the 2025 UWMP and were invited to participate in the planning process, as appropriate. Copies of the notification letters sent to each agency are included in Appendix B.
2.4.3. Notice to Cities and Counties
CWC Section 10621(b)
Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall, at least 60 days before the public hearing on the plan required by Section 10642, notify any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes to the plan.
CWC Section 10621(b) requires urban water suppliers to notify any city or county within which they provide water service that the UWMP is being reviewed and updated. Such notification must be provided at least 60 days prior to the public hearing of the UWMP. In compliance with this requirement, City notified the County of Fresno of the preparation of the 2025 UWMP and invited the County to participate in the review process.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 3 – System Description
17 CHAPTER 3 - SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
This chapter describes the City of Coalinga’s potable water service area and water system. Consistent with the requirements of the UWMPA, this chapter provides background information on the City’s role as an urban retail water supplier, the geographic extent of the service area, and the general characteristics of the water system that influence water use, demand projections, and long-term planning. The information presented in this chapter establishes the context for subsequent analyses of water use, water supply reliability, and drought risk presented in later chapters of this UWMP.
3.1. General Description
CWC Section 10631.
(a) Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population, climate, and other social, economic, and demographic factors affecting the supplier’s water management planning.
The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in fiveyear increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The description shall include the current and projected land uses within the existing or anticipated service area affecting the supplier’s water management planning. Urban water suppliers shall coordinate with local or regional land use authorities to determine the most appropriate land use information, including, where appropriate, land use information obtained from local or regional land use authorities, as developed pursuant to Article 5 (commencing with Section 65300) of Chapter 3 of Division 1 of Title 7 of the Government Code.
The City of Coalinga is located in the Pleasant Valley at the base of the Diablo Range on the western edge of California's San Joaquin Valley in western Fresno County. The City is situated approximately 60 miles southwest of the City of Fresno and approximately 10 miles west of Interstate 5, providing regional access to the Central Valley and California's major transportation corridors. Monterey County borders the region to the west and Kings County lies immediately to the east. The City's location supports a diverse local economy centered on agriculture, oil production, correctional institutions, healthcare, education, and commercial services.
The City is the sole retail provider of potable water within its municipal service area and owns, operates, and maintains the public water system serving residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, governmental, and agricultural customers throughout the incorporated City limits. The potable water system includes water treatment facilities, storage reservoirs, transmission mains, distribution pipelines, pumping facilities, and related infrastructure necessary to provide reliable drinking water service. In addition to domestic and commercial demands, the City's water system supports municipal operations, public landscaping, park irrigation, fire protection, system maintenance, and other public purposes.
Unlike many communities in the San Joaquin Valley, the City does not utilize groundwater as a municipal water supply source. Instead, the City's potable water supply is derived entirely from surface water delivered by the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) through the Central Valley Project (CVP) under the City's long-term water service contract. Imported CVP surface water is conveyed to the City's Water Treatment Plant (WTP), where it is treated to meet all applicable federal and State drinking water standards prior to distribution to customers. The City's complete reliance on imported surface water City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 3 – System Description
18 makes long-term supply reliability dependent upon CVP allocations, hydrologic conditions, and regional water management activities.
In addition to treated potable water service, the City also delivers untreated (raw) surface water through a separate non-potable distribution system for agricultural customers and other approved non-potable uses where drinking water quality is not required. This separate raw water system supports agricultural irrigation and other beneficial uses while reducing the need to utilize treated potable water for nonpotable demands.
The City adopted the City of Coalinga General Plan 2005–2025 in June 2009, which establishes the longterm framework for land use, growth management, infrastructure planning, and public services. The General Plan evaluates development within the City's Sphere of Influence (SOI), an area extending beyond the current incorporated boundaries that represent the City's ultimate planning and service area.
Although portions of the SOI are presently outside the City's jurisdiction, the City may annex these lands as future development occurs.
According to the Fresno Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo), the City’s SOI encompasses approximately 9.06 square miles (5,799 acres) and includes a range of existing and planned land uses, including single-family and multi-family residential, mixed-use, commercial, manufacturing/business, public facilities, parks and recreation, open space and conservation lands, agricultural lands, and transportation rights-of-way. Consistent with the General Plan, this 2025 UWMP assumes that future water service area expansion will generally occur within the City’s adopted SOI. The City's existing potable water service area encompasses approximately 6.78 square miles (4,341 acres) and water service was provided to 3,836 active service connections in 2025.
3.2. Service Area Boundary Map
The City’s service area boundaries are shown on the Zoning Map included in Appendix C of this UWMP.
The map identifies the City limits, planning boundaries, and areas served by the City’s municipal water system. The Map is used to support water demand projections, infrastructure planning, and evaluation of future service needs within the City’s water service area.
3.3. Service Area Climate
CWC Section 10631(a)
Describe the service area of the supplier, including … climate… CWC Section 10630
It is the intention of the Legislature, in enacting this part, to permit levels of water management planning… while accounting for impacts from climate change.
The City of Coalinga experiences a semi-arid Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, moderately wet winters. Located on the western edge of California's San Joaquin Valley, the City's climate is strongly influenced by its inland location and surrounding Coast Range. Summer temperatures routinely exceed 90°F, with the hottest conditions typically occurring between June and September. Winters are generally mild, with cool nighttime temperatures and occasional frost events. As temperatures increase during late spring and summer, landscape irrigation requirements and overall City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 3 – System Description
19 potable water demands also increase. Conversely, cooler winter temperatures, shorter daylight hours, and seasonal precipitation contribute to lower water demands during the winter months.
Average annual precipitation in the Coalinga area is approximately 10 inches and occurs predominantly between November and April, with little to no measurable rainfall during the summer irrigation season.
Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important indicator of landscape irrigation demand and is used to estimate the amount of water required to maintain healthy vegetation under prevailing climatic conditions. Elevated ETo values during the summer months correspond with peak outdoor irrigation demands, while lower winter ETo values reflect reduced evapotranspiration and correspondingly lower irrigation requirements.
Unlike many communities in the San Joaquin Valley that rely primarily on groundwater, the City of Coalinga obtains its municipal water supply exclusively from imported surface water delivered by the USBR. Consequently, climate conditions influence the City's water supply reliability not only through seasonal changes in customer demand, but also through their effects on snowpack accumulation, reservoir storage, watershed runoff, and annual CVP water allocations. Prolonged drought, increasing temperatures, and changing precipitation patterns associated with climate change may reduce available surface water supplies while simultaneously increasing water demands, making climate variability an important consideration in the City's long-term water resources planning.
Table 3-1 summarizes the average monthly precipitation, temperature, and reference evapotranspiration values applicable to the City of Coalinga service area.
Climate Data
Month
Avg.
Precipitation
(in)(1)
Avg. Snowfall
(in)(1)
Avg. Max
Temp (°F)(1)
Avg. Min
Temp (°F)(1) Avg. Eto (in)(2)
January 1.97 0.0 56.0 36.9 1.32
February 1.83 0.0 62.6 40.8 2.12
March 1.72 0.0 68.0 43.7 3.74
April 0.98 0.0 74.6 47.5 5.13
May 0.36 0.0 82.6 53.1 7.02
June 0.09 0.0 91.1 59.0 7.92
July 0.01 0.0 97.5 63.5 8.13
August 0.01 0.0 96.2 61.6 7.28
September 0.13 0.0 90.1 57.3 5.33
October 0.48 0.0 80.2 50.2 3.47
November 0.98 0.0 67.3 41.6 1.85
December 1.57 0.0 56.8 36.8 1.15
Annual Total/Average 10.13 0 76.9 49.3 54.46
NOTES:
(1)Data obtained from the WRCC based on records from January 2, 1942 through June 09, 2016 for the Coalinga, CA (041864) Coop Site.
(2)Data obtained from the CIMIS, for the Coalinga Station.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 3 – System Description
20 3.4. Service Area Population and Demographics
3.4.1. Service Area Current and Projected Population
CWC Section 10631(a)
Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population …The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available.
Population estimates and projections are a fundamental component of the UWMP and are used to evaluate current and future water demands, assess system capacity, and support long-term supply reliability. In accordance with DWR guidance and UWMP requirements, population data presented in this section is based on the most reliable and current information available and is applied using reasonable and conservative planning assumptions.
The City of Coalinga, like many communities throughout the Central Valley, has experienced sustained population growth over the past several decades, and current trends indicate continued growth through the UWMP planning horizon. This growth reflects broader regional demographic patterns, including demand for more affordable housing, continued economic activity in the San Joaquin Valley, and ongoing residential and commercial development. Planning for increased water demand associated with population growth is an important component of the City’s UWMP. Accordingly, the UWMP evaluates and plans for the effects of continued growth on the City’s long-term water supply reliability and system capacity.
According to the United States Census Bureau decennial Census, the population of Coalinga was 13,380 in 2010 and 17,590 in 2020. Based on these historic census values, the City experienced an average annual growth rate of approximately 2.77 percent between the 2010 and 2020 Census. The California Department of Finance (DOF) prepares annual population estimates for incorporated cities and counties throughout the State. The most recent DOF estimate indicates the City had an estimated 2025 population of approximately 17,622 residents.
Table 3-2 presents projected population estimates for the UWMP planning horizon in five-year increments through 2050. Projections are based on the DOF 2025 population estimate and assumes a continued annual average growth rate of 2.77 percent. While actual future growth rates may vary due to economic, housing, and regional development conditions, these projections provide a reasonable planning basis for estimating future water demand and evaluating long-term system needs.
Population - Current and Projected (Submittal Table 3-1) Population
Served
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
17,622 20,205 23,167 26,563 30,457 34,921
NOTES:
(1)Population projections are based on the 2025 California Department of Finance population estimate for the City of Coalinga service area and assume an average annual growth rate of approximately 2.77 percent.
(2)Projected population values are rounded to the nearest whole person.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 3 – System Description
21 3.4.2. Other Social, Economic and Demographic Factors CWC Section 10631
(a) Describe the service area of the supplier, including… other social, economic and demographic factors affecting the supplier’s water management planning.
Based on recent data available from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS), the City of Coalinga has a diverse population with Hispanic or Latino residents representing approximately 64 percent of the total population, making this the largest ethnic group within the community. The City's median age is approximately 36.5 years, reflecting a relatively young population. Approximately 21.3 percent of residents are under 18 years of age, while 78.7 percent are 18 years of age or older. Of the adult population, approximately 10.3 percent are 65 years of age or older. Veterans represent approximately 4.9 percent of the City's population, which is generally consistent with statewide demographics.
Educational attainment among Coalinga residents reflects a broad range of education levels that support the City's workforce. Approximately 27.3 percent of residents age 25 years and older have earned at least a high school diploma or equivalent. In addition, approximately 30.5 percent have completed some college coursework or earned an associate degree, while approximately 12.6 percent have obtained a bachelor's degree or graduate/professional degree. These educational characteristics support employment across the City's diverse economic sectors, including public services, education, healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing, energy production, and commercial services.
The estimated median household income is approximately $75,451, while approximately 21.7 percent of the population lives below the federal poverty level. Although household incomes have increased in recent years, a substantial portion of residents continue to experience economic challenges that may affect water affordability and participation in conservation or efficiency improvement programs. These socioeconomic conditions are important considerations for long-term water management planning, including rate-setting, customer assistance programs, water conservation outreach, and prioritization of capital infrastructure investments to maintain reliable and affordable water service.
The City's economy continues to reflect its historic role as a regional center for oil and gas production, agriculture, government services, healthcare, education, and correctional facilities. Major employment sectors include educational services, healthcare and social assistance, agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting and mining, public administration, retail trade, manufacturing, construction, transportation and warehousing, and accommodation and food services. These industries contribute to seasonal and longterm water demand characteristics that are considered throughout this UWMP. The continued presence of major institutional employers, including state correctional facilities, educational institutions, healthcare services, and energy-related industries, provides a stable employment base while influencing both residential and non-residential water demands
3.5. Land Uses Within Service Area
Land use planning within the City of Coalinga's water service area is guided by the City's General Plan and implemented through the City's Zoning Ordinance and Zoning Map. These planning documents establish the framework for future growth, redevelopment, infrastructure investment, and public services, while City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 3 – System Description
22 ensuring that land development is coordinated with the City's ability to provide reliable water service. The General Plan identifies a planning area that extends beyond the current city limits to accommodate longterm growth and includes the City's SOI and designated future urbanization areas.
The City's land use pattern consists of a diverse mix of residential, commercial, industrial, public, recreational, agricultural, and open space uses. Residential land use designations include Residential Estate, Residential Ranchette, Residential Single Family, Residential Medium Density, and Residential High Density, providing opportunities for a range of housing types and densities. Commercial areas include General Commercial and Service Commercial designations, with Mixed Use areas supporting integrated residential and commercial development, particularly within and adjacent to the downtown core.
Employment-generating land uses include Manufacturing/Business districts, while Public Facilities, Recreation, Agricultural, and Open Space/Conservation designations accommodate governmental facilities, parks, schools, utility infrastructure, natural resource areas, and agricultural uses.
Consistent with the City's General Plan and current zoning, existing development is concentrated within the established urban area and includes residential neighborhoods supported by schools, parks, civic facilities, commercial corridors, healthcare facilities, industrial areas, and public infrastructure. Industrial and business uses are primarily located along major transportation corridors and in designated manufacturing districts, while agricultural and open space lands generally surround the developed portions of the community. The City's land use pattern also recognizes major public facilities such as the municipal airport, wastewater treatment facilities, and the Pleasant Valley State Prison, all of which contribute to the City's water service requirements.
The General Plan and Fresno County Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element continue to support orderly growth through infill development, redevelopment of underutilized properties, expansion of housing opportunities, and the preservation of adequate land for commercial and industrial development. The Housing Element identifies vacant and underutilized residential sites capable of accommodating the City's Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) while promoting a diversity of housing types and affordability levels. Future development is expected to occur incrementally within designated growth areas and will be coordinated with planned water, wastewater, transportation, and other public infrastructure improvements.
The City coordinates land use planning with water supply planning to ensure that future development occurs in a manner consistent with available water resources, treatment capacity, and distribution system capabilities. This coordinated planning approach enables the City to evaluate anticipated growth, project future water demands, prioritize capital improvement projects, and maintain long-term water supply reliability throughout the 2025 UWMP planning horizon.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
23 CHAPTER 4 - WATER USE CHARACTERIZATION
This chapter characterizes historical, current, and projected water use within the City’s service area through the minimum 20-year planning horizon. In accordance with the CWC and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, this chapter evaluates water use by customer sector, distinguishes between potable and nonpotable demands, and identifies distribution system water losses. Historical water use data, combined with population projections, form the basis for estimating future water demands. The information presented in this chapter supports long-term water supply planning, infrastructure investment decisions, and assessment of water supply reliability under varying hydrologic and climatic conditions. Climate change considerations and water use efficiency trends are also incorporated to ensure that projected demands reflect anticipated changes in customer behavior, regulatory requirements, and environmental conditions.
4.1. Non-Potable Versus Potable Water Use
The City of Coalinga’s potable water supply consists entirely of surface water purchased from the USBR through the CVP. Surface water is conveyed to the City's WTP, where it is treated to meet all applicable federal and State drinking water standards before being distributed through the City's potable water distribution system to residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, public, and landscape customers.
In addition to potable water deliveries, the City also delivers untreated (raw) CVP surface water to agricultural users located outside the potable water distribution system. This non-potable supply is used for agricultural irrigation and is conveyed through a separate raw water delivery system. Raw water deliveries are accounted for separately from potable water demands and are discussed further in the water supply characterization sections of this UWMP.
The City currently does not produce or distribute recycled water to meet either potable or non-potable water demands. Wastewater generated within the service area is collected and treated at the City's Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and is not treated to disinfected tertiary standards necessary for recycled water reuse. Consequently, recycled water is not currently available as a water supply source within the City's service area.
4.2. Past, Current, and Projected Water Use by Sector
CWC Section 10635.
(a) Every urban water Supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.
CWC Section 10631(d)
(1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use, over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
24 based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors, including, but not necessarily limited to, all of the following… (2). The water use projections shall be in the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a). (4)(A) Water use projections, where available, shall display and account for the water savings estimated to result from adopted codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans identified by the urban water supplier, as applicable to the service area. (B) To the extent that an urban water supplier reports the information described in subparagraph (A), an urban water supplier shall do both of the following: (i) Provide citations of the various codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans utilized in making the projections. (ii) Indicate the extent that the water use projections consider savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans. Water use projections that do not account for these water savings shall be noted of that fact.
This section describes how historical water use data, current demand conditions, and projected future water use are evaluated to support long-term water supply planning for the City of Coalinga. Water use is reported and analyzed in five-year increments, consistent with CWC requirements, to identify trends in demand and to support assessment of water supply reliability over the UWMP planning horizon. The information presented in this section provides the foundation for evaluating the adequacy of existing and planned water supplies under normal, single dry-year, and multiple dry-year conditions, as discussed in subsequent chapters of this 2025 UWMP.
4.2.1. Water Use Sectors Listed in Water Code
CWC Section 10631(d)
(1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use, over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors, including, but not necessarily limited to, all of the following:
(A) Single-family residential.
(B) Multifamily.
(C) Commercial.
(D) Industrial.
(E) Institutional and governmental.
(F) Landscape.
(G) Sales to other agencies.
(H) Saline water intrusion barriers, groundwater recharge, or conjunctive use, or any combination thereof.
(I) Agricultural.
(J) Distribution system water loss.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
25 This 2025 UWMP characterizes water use within the City’s service area by customer sector, consistent with the water use categories identified in the CWC. Metered water deliveries are grouped into defined demand sectors to quantify how water is used throughout the service area. Evaluating active service accounts and the volume of water delivered to each sector provides insight into customer demand patterns and supports the development of effective water conservation, supply reliability, and demand management strategies. Tables 4-3 and 4-5 summarize the City’s actual water demands and projected water demands through 2045.
The following water use sectors apply to the City’s service area:
• Single-Family Residential – A single-family customers generally consist of an individual parcel containing one primary dwelling unit. Water use associated with this sector is reported as retail demand and represents a major portion of total system demand. • Multi-Family Residential – Multi-family customers include duplexes, apartments, townhomes, mobile home parks, and other developments containing multiple dwelling units served through one or more master meters. Water use associated with this sector is reported as retail demand. • Commercial – Commercial users include businesses that provide goods or services such as retail stores, offices, restaurants, lodging, and service establishments. Water use associated with this sector is reported as retail demand.
• Industrial – Industrial users include manufacturing, food processing, warehousing, and similar facilities with process water or operational demands. Water use associated with this sector is reported as retail demand.
• Landscape – Landscape demand includes irrigation accounts serving parks, medians, greenbelts, athletic fields, and other dedicated landscaped areas where separately metered. • Institutional/Governmental – This sector consists exclusively of water delivered to the Coalinga State Hospital and Pleasant Valley State Prison. Water use associated with these two stateoperated facilities is reported as retail demand. • Distribution System Water Losses – Distribution system water losses are reported in accordance with CWC requirements and are discussed further in Section 4.3.4.
The following water use sectors identified in the CWC are not applicable to the City’s water service area for this UWMP:
• Sales to Other Agencies
• Conjunctive Use
• Groundwater Recharge
• Saline Water Intrusion Barriers
• Agricultural
4.2.2. Water Use Sectors in Addition to Those Listed in Water Code To provide clarity, the following water use sectors are also not applicable to the City’s UWMP:
• Exchanges
• Surface Water Augmentation
• Transfers
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
26 • Wetlands or Wildlife Habitat
4.2.3. Past Water Use
CWC Section 10631(d)(1)
For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use, over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors, including, but not necessarily limited to, all of the following… (J) Distribution system water loss….
CWC Section 10631(d)(3)
(A) The distribution system water loss shall be quantified for each of the five years preceding the plan update, in accordance with rules adopted pursuant to Section 10608.34. (B) The distribution system water loss quantification shall be reported in accordance with a worksheet approved or developed by the department through a public process. The water loss quantification worksheet shall be based on the water system balance methodology developed by the American Water Works Association.
(C) In the plan due July 1, 2021, and in each update thereafter, data shall be included to show whether the urban retail water supplier met the distribution loss standards enacted by the board pursuant to Section 10608.34.
CWC Section 10631(d) requires urban retail water suppliers to quantify past and current water use, to the extent records are available, and identify uses among water use sectors, including distribution system water loss. Table 4-1 summarizes the City’s potable water use by sector for the most recent five-year period, spanning calendar years 2020 through 2024. These historical volumes are consistent with those presented in the 2020 UWMP, EARs, and the annual water audit reports submitted to DWR for the corresponding years.
Historical Water Use by Sector
Use Type
Water Use (MG)
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Single-Family(1) 522 488 398 393 444
Multi-Family(1) 84 74 79 75 85
Commercial(1) 160 127 110 114 124
Industrial(1) 125 67 57 42 35
Landscape Accounts(1) 62 70 66 40 61
Coalinga State Hospital(1) 84 109 84 77 110
Pleasant Valley State Prison(1) 165 175 151 138 147
Distribution System Loses(1) 133 219 258 240 219
Agricultural(2) 821 10 0 727 2,420
Subtotal Potable 1,336 1,329 1,204 1,119 1,225
Subtotal Non-Potable 821 10 0 727 2,420
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
27 Historical Water Use by Sector
Use Type
Water Use (MG)
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
TOTAL 2,157 1,339 1,204 1,846 3,645
NOTES:
(1)Potable Water Demand
(2)Non-Potable Water Demand
Distribution system water losses represent the difference between the volume of water entering the distribution system (metered at Water Treatment Plant) and the volume of water metered and billed to customers. These losses include a combination of real losses (such as pipeline leaks), apparent losses (such as meter inaccuracies or data handling errors), and unauthorized consumption (such as water theft).
CWC Section 10631(d)(3) requires urban retail water suppliers to quantify distribution system water losses for the five years preceding the UWMP update using the AWWA water balance methodology. The City evaluates distribution system losses annually using the AWWA methodology and has submitted annual water audit reports to DWR since Fiscal Year 2016-2017.
Table 4-2 summarizes the reported distribution system water losses for the past five years. The most recent reporting period reflects the 12-month period ending December 31, 2024.
Last Five Years of Water Loss Audit Reporting
Year Volume of Water Loss(1)
2020 133
2021 219
2022 258
2023 240
2024 219
NOTES:
(1)Includes a combination of unbilled/unmetered authorized consumption, apparent losses and real losses as reported in the City's water audit reports.
To reduce both real and apparent water losses, the City is modernizing its water distribution system through the implementation of an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) program. According to the City's FY 2024-25 Utility Certification Report prepared as part of the validated AWWA Water Audit, approximately 2,100 customer meters were replaced with cellular-read meters during FY 2024-25. This system upgrade has improved customer meter accuracy, increased the frequency and reliability of consumption data collection, and enhanced the City's ability to identify potential leaks and abnormal water use within the distribution system. The City also continued to evaluate meter performance and validate customer consumption data to improve the overall accuracy of its annual water audit.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
28 The City will continue replacing the remaining customer meters until full conversion to cellular-read technology is achieved. Upon completion, the City plans to leverage AMI analytics to identify apparent and real water losses, further refine data management practices, and prioritize future water loss control efforts and infrastructure investments.
4.2.4. Current Water Use
CWC Section 10631(d)
(1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available …current water use… based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors…
Table 4-3 summarizes the City's actual potable and non-potable water use for calendar year 2025 by customer sector. Potable water demands include residential, commercial, industrial, landscape, and institutional/governmental uses served through the City's potable water distribution system. Non-potable water use consists of raw surface water delivered to agricultural customers for irrigation purposes.
Distribution system water loss is calculated as the difference between the total volume of treated water produced at the City's WTP and the total volume of authorized potable water consumption. For calendar year 2025, distribution system water loss totaled approximately 299 MG, representing approximately 23 percent of total potable water produced. As discussed in the previous section, the City is actively implementing an AMI program to improve customer meter accuracy, enhance leak detection capabilities, and improve the quality of data used for annual water audit reporting. Continued implementation of the AMI program is expected to improve the accuracy of future water loss accounting and support ongoing water loss control efforts.
In addition to potable water service, the City delivered approximately 1,067 MG of raw surface water obtained through its CVP contract to agricultural customers during 2025. These raw water deliveries are conveyed through a separate non-potable system for agricultural irrigation and are reported separately from the City's potable water demands.
2025 Actual Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water (Submittal Table 4-1) Use Type Additional Description
2025 Actual Water Use
Potable or
Non-Potable Volume (MG)
Single Family Potable 440
Multi-Family Potable 82
Commercial Potable 117
Industrial Potable 33
Landscape Potable 64
Institutional/Governmental Coalinga State Hospital Potable 78 Institutional/Governmental Pleasant Valley State Prison Potable 169 Distribution System Water Loss Potable 299
Agricultural Raw Surface Water Deliveries Non-Potable 1,067 City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
29 2025 Actual Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water (Submittal Table 4-1) Use Type Additional Description
2025 Actual Water Use
Potable or
Non-Potable Volume (MG)
Subtotal Potable 1,282
Subtotal Non-Potable 1,067
TOTAL 2,349
4.2.5. Projected Water Use
CWC Section 10631(d)
(1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, … projected water use, based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors…
CWC Section 10633
The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water...and shall include all of the following:...
(e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision...
CWC Section 10635(a)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years.
This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.
Table 4-4 presents the projected number of service connections by user type through 2050. Future service connections were projected by applying the City's estimated average annual growth rate of 2.77 percent to the 2025 baseline number of service connections for each customer class. Industrial, landscape, and institutional/governmental connections were assumed to remain constant throughout the planning period due to the absence of anticipated growth in these customer classes. The increase in single-family, multi-family, and commercial connections between each planning horizon was then divided by an average household size of three persons per connection to estimate incremental growth, which was added to the 2025 baseline population to develop future connection projections.
Projected Number of Total Connections by User Type
Use Type 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Single Family 3,619 3,812 4,034 4,288 4,579
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
30 Projected Number of Total Connections by User Type
Use Type 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Multi-Family 180 190 201 214 228
Commercial 282 297 314 334 357
Industrial 19 19 19 19 19
Landscape 102 102 102 102 102
Coalinga State Hospital 4 4 4 4 4
Pleasant Valley State Prison 2 2 2 2 2
TOTAL 4,208 4,426 4,676 4,962 5,291
Projected water demands presented in Table 4-5 include single-family and multi-family residential use, commercial use, institutional/governmental use, industrial use, landscape irrigation, distribution system water losses, and non-potable agricultural water deliveries. Projected potable water demands for the residential, commercial, industrial, and landscape sectors were developed by applying the City's average annual growth rate of 2.77 percent to the 2025 baseline water use by customer sector. This methodology assumes that future water demands will increase proportionally with anticipated population and service area growth.
Distribution system water losses are inherently uncertain to forecast over the long term. While losses may increase as portions of the distribution system age, the City is actively implementing an AMI program that is expected to improve customer meter accuracy, enhance leak detection capabilities, and reduce apparent losses. Given these offsetting factors, distribution system water losses are conservatively assumed to remain constant at 247 MG per year, representing the average annual distribution system water loss reported during the 2021 through 2025 period.
Institutional/governmental water demands consist exclusively of the Coalinga State Hospital and Pleasant Valley State Prison. Because these state-operated facilities are primarily influenced by facility operations, occupancy, and State management practices rather than local population growth, their projected water demands were not increased using the City's annual growth rate. Instead, projected demands are based on the average annual water use observed between 2021 and 2025 and are assumed to remain constant throughout the UWMP planning horizon at approximately 92 MG per year for the Coalinga State Hospital and 156 MG per year for Pleasant Valley State Prison, unless significant operational changes or facility expansions occur.
Unlike retail potable water demands, non-potable agricultural water deliveries are not directly correlated with population growth or urban development. These deliveries consist of untreated CVP surface water provided to agricultural customers through the City's raw water delivery system and are influenced by agricultural irrigation requirements, cropping patterns, hydrologic conditions, and annual CVP water allocations. Because these factors are highly variable and cannot be reliably projected over the 25-year planning horizon, non-potable agricultural water deliveries are assumed to remain constant at the 2025 baseline volume of 1,067 MG for planning purposes. This assumption provides a reasonable basis for longterm planning while recognizing that actual annual raw water deliveries may fluctuate considerably in response to water supply availability and agricultural demand.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
31 Total Uses of Potable, and Non-PotableWater - Projected (Submittal Table 4-2) Use Type Additional Description
Projected Water Use (MG)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Single Family 505 579 664 761 872
Multi-Family 93 107 123 141 162
Commercial 134 154 177 202 232
Industrial 37 43 49 57 65
Landscape 73 84 96 110 126
Institutional/Governmental Coalinga State Hospital 92 92 92 92 92 Institutional/Governmental Pleasant Valley State Prison 156 156 156 156 156 Distribution System Water Loss 247 247 247 247 247
Agricultural Raw Surface Water Deliveries 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 Subtotal Potable 1,338 1,462 1,603 1,766 1,952
Subtotal Non-Potable 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067
TOTAL 2,405 2,529 2,671 2,833 3,020
4.2.5.1. Standards, Codes, Ordinances, and Plans
CWC Section 10631(d)(4)
(A) Water use projections, where available, shall display and account for the water savings estimated to result from adopted codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans identified by the urban water supplier, as applicable to the service area. (B) To the extent that an urban water supplier reports the information described in subparagraph (A), an urban water supplier shall do both of the following:
(i) Provide citations of the various codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans utilized in making the projections.
(ii) Indicate the extent that the water use projections consider savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans. Water use projections that do not account for these water savings shall be noted of that fact.
Water demand projections presented in this UWMP were developed using historical water use data and projected service area growth. In preparing these projections, the City reviewed applicable federal, state, and local standards, codes, ordinances, and planning documents that influence water use efficiency within the service area.
Existing water conservation regulations and efficiency standards have been incorporated into current water use patterns reflected in the historical baseline used for demand forecasting. These include statewide water efficiency requirements such as the California Plumbing Code fixture efficiency standards, the Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO), and other applicable water conservation requirements that influence indoor and outdoor water use. Because these requirements are already reflected in existing water use conditions, the demand projections developed for this UWMP assume that current regulatory conditions will continue and therefore do not include additional quantified reductions associated with future water savings beyond those already embedded in historical water use trends.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
32 Consistent with the requirements of CWC Sections 10631(a), 10631(d)(4)(A), and 10631(d)(4)(B), the City evaluated whether future water savings associated with new standards, codes, ordinances, or plans should be incorporated into projected water demands. At the time this UWMP was prepared, no additional adopted local ordinances or regulatory programs were identified that would result in measurable future reductions in water demand beyond those already reflected in existing usage patterns.
Therefore, projected water demands presented in this UWMP do not explicitly include additional future water savings.
Lower-income residential water demands are included within the demand projections. Residential demand projections were developed using historical water use data for all residential customers within the City’s service area. Because historical consumption data reflect the full range of residential customer types, including lower-income households, these demands are inherently captured in the baseline water use used to develop projected demands. As a result, lower-income residential water demands are represented within the projected demand estimates without the need for separate adjustments.
Table 4-6 presents the City’s responses to the CWC Section 10631 requirements regarding the inclusion of future water savings and lower-income residential demands in projected water use.
Inclusion in Water Use Projections (Submittal Table 4-3) Are Future Water Savings Included in Projections? No
If "Yes” to above:
State the section or page number, in the cell to the right, where citations of the codes, ordinances, or otherwise are utilized in demand projections are found.
N/A
Are Lower Income Residential Demands Included In Projections? Yes
4.2.5.2. Water Use for Lower Income Households
CWC Section 10631.1.
(a) The water use projections required by Section 10631 shall include projected water use for singlefamily and multifamily residential housing needed for lower income households, as defined in Section 50079.5 of the Health and Safety Code, as identified in the housing element of any city, county, or city and county in the service area of the supplier.
(b) It is the intent of the Legislature that the identification of projected water use for single-family and multifamily residential housing for lower income households will assist a supplier in complying with the requirement under Section 65589.7 of the Government Code to grant a priority for the provision of service to housing units affordable to lower income households.
California Health and Safety Code Section 50079.5 (a)
“Lower income households” means persons and families whose income does not exceed the qualifying limits for lower income families… In the event the federal standards are discontinued, the department shall, by regulation, establish income limits for lower income households for all geographic areas of the state at 80 percent of area median income, adjusted for family size and revised annually.
Section 10631.1 of the CWC requires urban water suppliers to identify projected water use associated with single-family and multifamily residential housing affordable to lower income households, as defined City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
33 in Section 50079.5 of the California Health and Safety Code, and as identified in the Housing Element of the applicable jurisdiction within the supplier’s service area.
For purposes of this UWMP, the City of Coalinga has incorporated projected water use for lower income households into its overall residential demand projections. The City’s projected water demands have not been separately adjusted to account for future water savings associated with new codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans beyond those already reflected in historical water use trends. Existing conservation requirements and efficiency measures are considered embedded in the baseline water use data used to prepare demand forecasts.
Residential water demand forecasts were developed using historical consumption data for all residential customer classes within the City’s service area together with projected population and service connection growth assumptions previously described. Because the historical and projected residential demand data reflect the full range of household income levels, including lower income households, water demands associated with lower income households are inherently included in the City’s total residential demand projections.
Consistent with Appendix K of the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, the City does not estimate lower income household demand as a separate water use category. Rather, projected demand associated with lower income households is embedded within total single-family and multifamily residential demand estimates.
This approach is appropriate because residential water use is forecast on a service area basis and is not expected to vary significantly by income category in a manner that would warrant separate quantification for UWMP planning purposes. Based on prior planning estimates, lower income household demand is anticipated to comprise a modest portion of total residential demand and remains fully represented within the City’s overall demand projections.
The City has reviewed the applicable Housing Element and recognizes the planned development of housing units affordable to lower income households within the planning horizon. Future construction of such units is accounted for through the population and connection growth projections used to estimate future residential water demands.
Pursuant to Government Code Section 65589.7, it is the City’s policy to provide priority for water service to qualifying developments that include housing units affordable to lower income households, consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of sufficient water supply and distribution system capacity. The City may deny or condition approval of service only where authorized by law, including circumstances involving insufficient supply or capacity, regulatory compliance orders, or failure of an applicant to satisfy generally applicable service requirements, fees, or conditions.
4.2.6. Climate Change Considerations
CWC Section 10630.
It is the intention of the Legislature, in enacting this part, to permit levels of water management planning commensurate with the numbers of customers served and the volume of water supplied, while accounting for impacts from climate change.
CWC Section 10635(b)
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
34 Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk assessment …(and) shall include each of the following … (4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.
California's climate is projected to become warmer and more variable over time, with increasing temperatures, more frequent and intense extreme heat events, changing precipitation patterns, reduced Sierra Nevada snowpack, and an increased likelihood of prolonged drought conditions. These changes have the potential to affect both the reliability of imported water supplies and customer water demands within the City of Coalinga. Consistent with CWC Sections 10630 and 10635(b), the City has considered the potential impacts of climate change in developing this UWMP and evaluating long-term water supply reliability.
For the City, climate change may increase water demands through higher temperatures, longer dry seasons, and increased landscape irrigation requirements. Extended periods of hot weather may increase peak water demands and overall outdoor water use, while evolving conservation practices, land use changes, and population growth may influence long-term demand trends. The demand projections presented in this UWMP incorporate historical water use patterns together with reasonable planning assumptions regarding future growth and water use efficiency.
Because the City relies exclusively on surface water supplies purchased from the USBR through the CVP, climate change has the potential to affect water supply reliability through changes in watershed hydrology, reduced snowpack, altered runoff timing, increased evaporative losses from reservoirs, and more frequent or prolonged drought conditions. These changes could affect annual CVP allocations, operational flexibility within the San Luis Reservoir and Delta conveyance system, and the availability of imported water during critically dry years. Future regulatory actions associated with environmental protection, endangered species requirements, and Delta operations may also influence the quantity and timing of CVP water deliveries.
To improve long-term resilience, the City continues to implement water conservation measures, reduce distribution system water losses through its AMI program, maintain and improve water system infrastructure, and coordinate with the USBR regarding long-term water supply reliability. The Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) and Drought Risk Assessment (DRA), presented in subsequent chapters of this UWMP, evaluate the potential effects of drought and climate variability on the City's imported water supplies and establish response actions designed to maintain reliable water service during future shortages. Through these efforts, the City seeks to enhance the resiliency of its water system while adapting to the long-term effects of climate change.
4.3. Distribution Water Loss
CWC Section 10631(d)(3)
(A) The distribution system water loss shall be quantified for each of the five years preceding the plan update, in accordance with rules adopted pursuant to Section 10608.34.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
35 (B) The distribution system water loss quantification shall be reported in accordance with a worksheet approved or developed by the department through a public process. The water loss quantification worksheet shall be based on the water system balance methodology developed by the American Water Works Association.
(C) In the plan due July 1, 2021, and in each update thereafter, data shall be included to show whether the urban retail water supplier met the distribution loss standards enacted by the board pursuant to Section 10608.34.
Pursuant to CWC Section 10631(d), the City is required to quantify and report water distribution system losses for the previous five years and include information demonstrating progress toward meeting the SWRCB’s Water Loss Performance Standard. Distribution system water losses represent the physical and apparent losses of potable water from the distribution system, including transmission pipelines, storage facilities, and distribution mains, up to the point of customer delivery. These losses are calculated using the AWWA water balance methodology in accordance with the State’s annual water loss audit requirements (23 CCR Section 638.1 et seq.).
Distribution system losses consist of:
• Real losses, such as leakage from mains, service lines, and storage facilities. • Apparent losses, including customer meter inaccuracies, unauthorized consumption, and data handling errors.
The City has prepared and submitted annual water loss audits to the DWR in accordance with State requirements. These audits form the basis for reporting historical and current distribution system water losses in this UWMP.
In addition to historical reporting, distribution system water losses are included as a water use sector in projected demands for the planning horizon in five-year increments through 2050, consistent with CWC Section 10631(d)(1).
4.3.1. Previous Five Years Distribution System Losses
The City's distribution system’s water losses for the most recent five-year reporting period are summarized in Table 4-2. Reported water losses include real losses, apparent losses, and authorized unbilled consumption, consistent with the AWWA water audit methodology. Water loss is calculated as the difference between the volume of water entering the distribution system and the volume of authorized consumption, including both billed and unbilled metered uses.
Although the City has historically prepared its annual AWWA water loss audits on a fiscal-year basis in accordance with its operational and billing records, the water loss values presented in Table 4-2 have been developed using calendar-year data to maintain consistency with the reporting period used throughout this UWMP. Consequently, the water loss values presented in Table 4-2 may not correspond directly with the City's validated fiscal-year AWWA water audits due to the differing reporting periods.
Annual water loss volumes reflect a combination of actual system conditions, operational activities, and improvements in data accuracy. Year-to-year variations may result from factors such as distribution system leaks, meter accuracy, authorized system uses, changes in customer consumption patterns, and ongoing improvements in data collection, metering technology, and audit validation procedures.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
36 In accordance with CWC Section 10631(d)(3), the City has completed and submitted validated annual water loss audits for each of the past five fiscal years using the AWWA Free Water Audit Software and State reporting requirements. The City continues to improve the accuracy of its water loss accounting through implementation of its AMI program, enhanced system monitoring, improved meter accuracy, and refined data management practices. These efforts are expected to improve future water audit accuracy and support the City's long-term water loss control objectives. Table 4-7 summarizes the City's annual water loss reporting for the 2021 through 2025 reporting period.
Water Loss Audit Reporting (Submittal Table 4-5)
Public Water System ID# Reporting Period Submitted to DWR Water Loss Audit Program (yes/no)
Report submittal status for all five years for each Public Water System as available.
CA5410002
2020 Yes
2021 Yes
2022 Yes
2023 Yes
2024 Yes
DWR NOTES: Suppliers will provide a link to the WUEdata submittals of their Water Loss Audit Reports.
NOTES:
AWWA-WAS-v5-09152014(WIP)_edits.xls
FINAL FY 2021-22 City of Coalinga Water Audit.xlsx
FINAL FY 2022-23 City of Coalinga Water Audit V6.xlsx
FY 2023-24 FINAL City of Coalinga Water Audit V6.xlsx
2024 2025 Validated Wtr Audit for Coalinga FINAL.xlsx
4.3.2. Progress Toward Meeting the Water Loss Performance Standard Pursuant to CWC Section 10631(d)(3)(C), the City is required to report its progress toward meeting the SWRCB’s Water Loss Performance Standard. The Water Loss Performance Standard, established under 23 CCR Section 980 et seq., includes separate real water loss and apparent water loss standards intended to improve system efficiency and reduce avoidable water losses. These standards are expressed in gallons per service connection per day (GPSCD).
Table 4-8 presents the City’s progress toward meeting the 2028 Water Loss Performance Standard using the most recent validated AWWA water loss audit data from fiscal year(FY) 2024-2025. The SWRCB has established a 2028 real water loss performance standard of 21.6 GPSCD and apparent water loss performance standard of 28.3 GPSCD for the City.
Based on the FY 2024-2025 validated water loss audit, the City reported 201.1 MG of real water losses and 66.3 MG of apparent water losses. With 4,061 active service connections during FY 2024-2025, these losses equate to 44.2 GPSCD for real losses and 14.6 GPSCD for apparent losses. As shown in Table 4-8, the City is currently meeting the SWRCB's apparent water loss performance standard but has not yet achieved the applicable real water loss performance standard.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
37 Although compliance with the Water Loss Performance Standard is not required until January 1, 2028, the City recognizes the need to continue reducing losses within the distribution system. To improve performance, the City has implemented an AMI program that replaces existing customer meters with cellular-read technology to improve meter accuracy, enhance system monitoring, and strengthen water accounting. In conjunction with ongoing routine leak detection, infrastructure maintenance, and data management improvements, these efforts are expected to improve the accuracy of future water audits and reduce both real and apparent water losses over time, supporting the City's progress toward achieving the 2028 Water Loss Performance Standard.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
38 Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard (Submittal Table 4-6) Public
Water
System ID #
Reported in
Submittal
Table 2-1 R
Did the
Water
Board
Calculate a
Water Loss
Standard
for this
Public
Water
System?
Real Water Loss Apparent Water Loss
State Water
Board
Standard
Most Recent AWWA
Water Loss Audit
Real
Water Loss
(GPSCD)
State
Water
Board
Standard
Most Recent AWWA
Water Loss Audit
Apparent
Water
Loss
(GPSCD)
2028 Real
Water Loss
Standard
(GPSCD)
Number of
Connections
Volume of
Total Real
Loss
(from
AWWA
Water Loss
Audit)
(MG)
2028
Apparent
Water Loss
Standard
per Unit
per Day
(GPSCD)
Number of
Connections
Volume of
Total
Apparent
Loss
(from AWWA
Water Loss
Audit)
(MG)
CA1010004 Yes 21.6 4,061 201.1 44.2 28.3 4,061 66.3 14.6 Water Board's Calculated Water Loss Standards
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 5 – SB X7-7 Baselines, 2020 Targets, and 2025 Reporting 39 CHAPTER 5 - SB X7-7 BASELINES, TARGETS, AND COMPLIANCE
5.1. Baseline and Targets
The Water Conservation Act of 2009, also known as the SB X7-7, established a statewide goal to reduce urban per capita water use by 20 percent by 2020. To support this goal, each urban retail water supplier was required to establish baseline water use and corresponding 2020 targets, measured in gallons per capita per day (GPCD), and to demonstrate compliance with those targets.
The City previously established its baseline and 2020 water use target in its 2010 and 2015 UWMPs in accordance with applicable methodologies. This chapter documents the City’s compliance with its 2020 water use target consistent with CWC requirements and DWR guidance. Compliance is demonstrated through the SB X7-7 Compliance Form attached in Appendix D, and associated submittal tables included in this 2025 UWMP.
In addition to SB X7-7 compliance reporting, urban water suppliers are subject to long-term water use efficiency standards established under Senate Bill 606 and Assembly Bill 1668. These standards establish water use objectives for indoor residential use, outdoor irrigation, commercial, industrial, and institutional (CII) uses, and water loss. These requirements will guide future water use efficiency planning and reporting.
This chapter summarizes the City’s compliance with the SB X7-7 2020 water use target and provides an overview of applicable water use efficiency standards that will inform future planning efforts.
5.2. Gross per Capita Water Use Baselines and Targets
The City calculated its retail service area’s five-year baseline, 10-year baseline, 2015 interim target, and 2020 compliance target in accordance with the Water Conservation Act of 2009 and DWR’s Methodologies for Calculating Baseline and Compliance Urban Per Capita Water Use (For the Consistent Implementation of the Water Conservation Act of 2009). Using Method 1, the City established its urban water use targets by applying a 20 percent reduction to the baseline daily per capita water use.
The calculated interim and compliance targets were based on this methodology and were previously adopted in the City’s 2015 and 2020 UWMPs. Table 5-1 summarizes the baselines and targets calculated for the City.
Gross Per Capita Water Use Baselines and Targets Summary Baseline Period Start Year End Year
Average
Baseline
(GPCD)
Interim
2015
Target
(GPCD)
Confirmed
2020
Target
(GPCD)
10–Year Baseline 2001 2010 341
307 273
5-Year Baseline 2006 2010 330
5.3. Compliance with the 2020 Daily per Capita Water Use Target During the 2020 UWMP reporting cycle, the City of Coalinga was an urban retail water supplier and was not subject to a merger or consolidation. Accordingly, the City’s compliance determination is based on its City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 5 – SB X7-7 Baselines, 2020 Targets, and 2025 Reporting 40 previously established individual 2020 water use target. As described previously, the City calculated its baseline and targets using Method 1 (20 percent reduction) under Senate Bill X7-7 and adopted a 2020 target of 273 gallons per capita per day (GPCD).
The City’s actual 2020 water use, calculated in accordance with the required SB X7-7 methodology, was 214 GPCD, which is below the adopted 2020 target. Based on this comparison, the City successfully achieved its required targeted reduction and was compliant with SB X7-7 requirements during the 2020 reporting year.
Consistent with 2025 UWMP reporting requirements, the City also evaluated whether it continues to meet the previously established 2020 target under current conditions. Based on the City’s 2025 SB X7-7 Compliance Form calculations, the reported 2025 GPCD is 199, which remains below the 2020 target of 273 GPCD. This indicates that the City continues to maintain compliance with its established target.
Table 5-2 summarizes the City’s adopted 2020 target, actual 2020 water use, compliance determination, and the updated 2025 evaluation. Supporting calculations and verification are provided in the SB X7-7 Compliance Form included in Appendix D.
SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress (Submittal Table 5-1)
☐
Check the box if the Supplier was not an Urban Water Supplier during or before the 2020 UWMP reporting cycle. Proceed to the next table.
Was Supplier
part of a
merger or
consolidation
since 2020?
Regional
Alliance
Target or
Individual
Target?
2020 Target
GPCD
Actual 2020
GPCD
Did Supplier
Achieve
Targeted
Reduction
for 2020?
Actual 2025
GPCD
Did Supplier
meet the
2020 Target
in 2025?
No Individual 273 214 Yes 199 Yes
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
41 CHAPTER 6 - NORMAL-YEAR WATER SUPPLY
CHARACTERIZATION
This chapter characterizes the City of Coalinga's existing and projected water supplies available to meet current and future water demands under normal hydrologic conditions. Consistent with the requirements of the UWMPA, the chapter identifies the City's water supply sources, evaluates historical and projected supply availability, discusses water quality and operational considerations, and describes planned water supply and infrastructure improvements intended to maintain long-term water system reliability.
The City of Coalinga's potable water system relies solely on treated surface water purchased from the USBR through the CVP. Imported surface water serves as the City's principal source of potable water under normal operating conditions. The City does not currently rely on groundwater supplies for normal operations. In addition, while the City owns and operates a municipal wastewater treatment facility, treated effluent is currently discharged and is not beneficially reused for recycled water applications within the service area.
The following sections summarize the City's historical water supplies, projected normal-year supplies through the 2050 planning horizon, water quality considerations associated with the supply source, and anticipated future water supply projects. The adequacy and reliability of these supplies under normal, single dry-year, and multiple dry-year conditions, including the potential effects of drought and climate change, are evaluated in Chapter 7.
Water Supply Characterization
6.1.1. Purchased or Imported Water
The City of Coalinga's potable water supply is derived entirely from imported surface water purchased from the USBR through the CVP. Raw water is delivered to the City's WTP via the Coalinga Canal, which receives water from the California Aqueduct. Following treatment, the water is distributed throughout the City's potable water system to residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and public customers.
The City's imported water supply is governed by a long-term water service contract with the USBR that provides for the delivery of up to 10,000 acre-feet (AF) of CVP water annually. The original contract was executed in 1968 and subsequently continued through a series of interim renewal contracts until the current long-term repayment contract became effective on January 22, 2021. Under this agreement, the City receives water allocations based on available CVP supplies and applicable federal operating criteria.
Although the contract provides for annual deliveries of up to 10,000 AF, actual deliveries vary from year to year depending on hydrologic conditions, reservoir storage, regulatory requirements, and annual allocation decisions made by the USBR. Historical and projected imported water supplies available to the City under normal-year conditions are summarized later in this chapter, while the reliability of these supplies during single dry-year and multiple dry-year conditions is evaluated in Chapter 7.
6.1.2. Groundwater
Water Code Section 10631(b)(4)
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
42 If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier, all of the following information:
(A) The current version of any groundwater sustainability plan or alternative adopted pursuant to Part
2.74 (commencing with Section 10720), any groundwater management plan adopted by the urban water supplier, including plans adopted pursuant to Part 2.75 (commencing with Section 10750), or any other specific authorization for groundwater management for basins underlying the urban water supplier’s service area.
(B) A description of any groundwater basin or basins from which the urban water supplier pumps groundwater. For basins that a court or the board has adjudicated the rights to pump groundwater, a copy of the order or decree adopted by the court or the board and a description of the amount of groundwater the urban water supplier has the legal right to pump under the order or decree. For a basin that has not been adjudicated, information as to whether the department has identified the basin as a high- or medium-priority basin in the most current official departmental bulletin that characterizes the condition of the groundwater basin, and a detailed description of the efforts being undertaken by the urban water supplier to coordinate with groundwater sustainability agencies or groundwater management agencies listed in subdivision (c) of Section 10723 to maintain or achieve sustainable groundwater conditions in accordance with a groundwater sustainability plan or alternative adopted pursuant to Part 2.74 (commencing with Section 10720).
(C) A detailed description and analysis of the location, amount, and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the urban water supplier for the past five years. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records. (D) A detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped by the urban water supplier. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records.
The City of Coalinga does not currently utilize groundwater as an existing or planned source of potable water supply. The City's municipal water demands are met entirely through imported surface water purchased from the USBR.
Groundwater underlying the Coalinga area is generally unsuitable for municipal potable use due to naturally occurring elevated concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium, and sulfate. These water quality limitations make groundwater an impractical source of drinking water without significant treatment. Additionally, the relatively poor groundwater quality limits its suitability for agricultural irrigation, as continued use may contribute to the accumulation of salts within the soil.
Because the City does not currently pump groundwater for municipal water supply purposes and does not anticipate developing groundwater as a potable water source during the 2025 UWMP planning period, the groundwater reporting requirements of CWC Section 10631(b)(4) are not applicable. Accordingly, Submittal Table 6-1, Groundwater Volume Pumped, is not included in this UWMP, as the City has no historical or projected municipal groundwater production to report.
6.1.3. Surface Water
Due to the naturally poor quality of groundwater underlying the Coalinga area, the City relies exclusively on imported surface water from the federal CVP for its potable water supply. Water is purchased from City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
43 the USBR pursuant to a long-term water service contract that provides the City with the right to receive up to 10,000 AF of CVP water annually. The City originally entered into a 40-year water service contract with the USBR on October 28, 1968. Following the expiration of that agreement on December 31, 2008, water deliveries continued under a series of interim renewal contracts while the USBR completed the required environmental review for the long-term contract renewal. On January 22, 2021, the City and the USBR executed Contract No. 14-06-200-4173A-IR1-P, establishing a long-term repayment contract that continues the City's contractual entitlement to receive up to 10,000 AF of CVP water per year, subject to annual allocation determinations and applicable federal operating requirements.
The City's imported water supply originates in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and is conveyed through the CVP conveyance system. Water is transported south through the Delta-Mendota Canal and/or the California Aqueduct, where it enters the O'Neill Forebay before continuing south in the California Aqueduct to the headworks of the Coalinga Canal, located approximately 15 miles northeast of the City near the Highway 145 crossing. From this point, raw water is conveyed approximately 12 miles south through the Coalinga Canal to the City's WTP intake. A raw water pumping station lifts the water from the canal into the City's conventional surface water treatment facility, where it is treated to meet all applicable drinking water standards before being distributed through the City's potable water distribution system.
6.1.4. Existing Water System Infrastructure
The City of Coalinga's potable water system consists of a conventional surface water treatment plant, raw and treated water pumping facilities, transmission pipelines, treated water storage reservoirs, booster pumping stations, and an interconnected distribution system that serves the City, surrounding commercial, industrial, and agricultural customers, the Pleasant Valley State Prison, and the Coalinga State Hospital.
6.1.4.1. Water Treatment Plant
The City's conventional surface WTP began operation in April 1972 with an original average treatment capacity of 8 million gallons per day (MGD) and a maximum capacity of 12 MGD. In response to increased water demands associated with the construction of the Pleasant Valley State Prison, the WTP was expanded to provide an average treatment capacity of 12 MGD and a maximum treatment capacity of 16 MGD.
The WTP utilizes conventional surface water treatment processes, including chemical pretreatment, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, corrosion control, and primary chlorine disinfection.
Chloramines are applied for secondary disinfection to maintain a disinfectant residual throughout the distribution system while minimizing the formation of regulated disinfection byproducts.
Raw water is conveyed from the Coalinga Canal to the WTP by a dedicated raw water pumping station.
Following treatment, filtered water is pumped into a 27-inch transmission main located along Palmer Avenue for delivery to the City's treated water storage facilities.
6.1.4.2. Filtered Water Pump Station
The filtered water pump station consists of five vertical turbine pumps, including two 450-horsepower (HP) pumps rated at approximately 2,300 and 2,400 gallons per minute (gpm) and three 700-HP pumps City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
44 rated at approximately 3,600 gpm each. Under normal operating conditions, the pump station is capable of delivering the WTP's maximum treatment capacity of approximately 16.4 MGD (11,400 gpm) while maintaining redundancy with one of the smaller pumps out of service.
6.1.4.3. Treated Water Storage
The City maintains five treated water storage reservoirs with a combined storage capacity of approximately 16.1 MG. Three reservoirs including the Palmer Avenue, Calaveras Avenue, and Derrick Avenue Reservoirs, provide operational storage for the municipal potable water system and collectively provide approximately 15.4 MG of storage. These reservoirs balance fluctuations in water demand, maintain system pressures, provide emergency and fire protection storage, and improve overall system reliability.
The remaining two reservoirs, the Oil King Reservoir (0.5 MG) and the Northwest Reservoir (0.2 MG), are dedicated exclusively to serving the City's oil field customers through separate transmission and booster pumping facilities. Because these reservoirs do not serve the municipal potable water system, they are not included in the City's available municipal treated water storage capacity.
6.1.4.4. Booster Pump Stations
The City operates two booster pumping stations that exclusively serve industrial oil company customers and are not part of the primary municipal potable water system.
The Oil King Booster Station consists of two 200-HP booster pumps rated at approximately 1,440 gpm, which convey water from the Palmer Avenue Reservoir to the Oil King Reservoir. The Derrick Avenue Booster Station consists of two 75-HP booster pumps rated at approximately 556 gpm, which supply the Northwest Reservoir.
6.1.4.5. Transmission and Distribution System
Following treatment, filtered water is conveyed west from the WTP through a 27-inch transmission main along Palmer Avenue. Approximately two miles downstream, the transmission main divides at Calaveras Avenue. One branch continues west to the Palmer Avenue Reservoir, while the second branch conveys water south through a 12-inch transmission pipeline to the Calaveras Avenue Reservoir before continuing to the Pleasant Valley State Prison. Although the Calaveras system can hydraulically supply portions of the City, water typically flows toward the prison due to prevailing operating conditions.
Water stored in the Palmer Avenue Reservoir is conveyed approximately eight miles through 24-inch and 27-inch transmission mains to the Derrick Avenue Reservoir, which functions as the City's primary distribution storage facility. From the Derrick Avenue Reservoir, treated water enters the municipal distribution system through a network of 18-inch, 24-inch, and 30-inch transmission mains.
The City's distribution system consists of water mains ranging from 4 inches to 14 inches in diameter. The system is designed to meet peak-hour customer demands while maintaining adequate system pressures and providing sufficient fire flow throughout the service area.
6.1.5. Stormwater
The City owns and operates a municipal stormwater collection system designed to convey storm runoff and minimize localized flooding within the service area. The storm drainage system consists of a network City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
45 of storm drain inlets, gravity pipelines, and approximately 12 drainage zones that discharge to four permanent stormwater detention basins or to Warthan Creek and Los Gatos Creek. The system operates entirely by gravity and does not require pump stations or lift stations. Existing storm drain pipelines range in diameter up to 48 inches.
Several portions of the City's storm drainage system are hydraulically undersized and rely on overland conveyance through streets, curbs, and gutters during larger storm events. Although the City utilizes stormwater detention basins for flood management, these facilities are not designed for stormwater capture, groundwater recharge, or other beneficial water supply purposes.
The City does not currently recover or utilize stormwater as an existing or planned municipal water supply source. Consequently, stormwater is not included in the City's available water supplies or projected water supply portfolio for purposes of this UWMP. However, the City will continue to evaluate opportunities to improve stormwater management and identify potential future projects that could provide water supply, groundwater recharge, or other beneficial uses as funding and local conditions allow.
6.1.6. Wastewater and Recycled Water
CWC Section 10633R
The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier. The preparation of the plan shall be coordinated with local water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies that operate within the supplier’s service area, and shall include all of the following:
(a) A description of the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the supplier’s service area, including a quantification of the amount of wastewater collected and treated and the methods of wastewater disposal.
(b) A description of the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is otherwise available for use in a recycled water project. (c) A description of the recycled water currently being used in the supplier’s service area, including, but not limited to, the type, place, and quantity of use. (d) A description and quantification of the potential uses of recycled water, including, but not limited to, agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, wildlife habitat enhancement, wetlands, industrial reuse, groundwater recharge, indirect potable reuse, and other appropriate uses, and a determination with regard to the technical and economic feasibility of serving those uses. (e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision.
(f) A description of actions, including financial incentives, which may be taken to encourage the use of recycled water, and the projected results of these actions in terms of acre-feet of recycled water used per year.
(g) A plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the supplier’s service area, including actions to facilitate the installation of dual distribution systems, to promote recirculating uses, to facilitate the City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
46 increased use of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, and to overcome any obstacles to achieving that increased use.
CWC Section 10633 requires urban water suppliers to provide, to the extent information is available, a description of wastewater and recycled water facilities, current recycled water use, and the potential for recycled water to serve as a future water supply source within the service area. This section summarizes the City of Coalinga’s wastewater collection and treatment system, existing recycled water uses, and future opportunities for expanded reuse.
6.1.6.1. Recycled Water Coordination
CWC Section 10633
The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier. The preparation of the plan shall be coordinated with local water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies that operate within the supplier’s service area…
The City of Coalinga owns and operates a municipal wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal system that serves residential, commercial, institutional, and public customers throughout the service area. Wastewater generated within the City is collected through the municipal sewer collection system and conveyed to the City's Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), where it is treated prior to disposal. The City's WWTP is the sole municipal wastewater treatment facility serving the City and therefore represents the only potential source of recycled water within the service area.
The City's WWTP provides secondary treatment but does not currently produce disinfected tertiary recycled water suitable for unrestricted non-potable reuse. Historically, treated effluent was beneficially reused through agreements with nearby agricultural users for irrigation of non-food crops. Prior to 2003, treated effluent was managed through the West Hills Community College Farm. Following relocation of the College's agricultural operations, the City entered into agreements with adjacent agricultural landowners to continue irrigation reuse until 2014.
Currently, treated effluent is discharged from the WWTP stabilization ponds to adjacent percolation areas, where it infiltrates into the underlying soils. Although this method provides incidental groundwater recharge, the discharged effluent is not recovered for subsequent municipal or agricultural use and is therefore not considered a direct beneficial recycled water use for purposes of this UWMP.
At this time, the City has no existing recycled water customers, recycled water distribution infrastructure, or planned recycled water projects. Based on the City's current wastewater treatment processes, available infrastructure, and projected water demands, development of a recycled water system is not considered economically justified during the 2025 UWMP planning period. The City will continue to evaluate opportunities for future recycled water development should regulatory requirements, funding opportunities, treatment capabilities, or customer demands change.
6.1.6.2. Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal CWC Section 10633(a)
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
47 A description of the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the supplier’s service area, including a quantification of the amount of wastewater collected and treated and the methods of wastewater disposal.
The City of Coalinga owns and operates a municipal wastewater collection and treatment system that serves residential, commercial, institutional, and public customers throughout the service area. There are currently no significant industrial users discharging into the City's wastewater collection system.
The wastewater collection system consists of more than 42 miles of gravity sewer pipelines ranging from 6 to 24 inches in diameter, together with four sewer lift stations and associated force mains. The collection system conveys wastewater through a network of trunk sewers and interceptor pipelines to the City's WWTP, located approximately one mile east of the City near the confluence of Los Gatos Creek and Warthan Creek.
The City operates the WWTP in accordance with the applicable Waste Discharge Requirements (WDRs) issued by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB). The facility has a design treatment capacity of 1.34 million gallons per day (MGD) and provides secondary treatment using preliminary screening, primary clarification, aerated facultative lagoons, stabilization ponds, aerobic sludge digestion, and sludge drying beds. The treatment process produces undisinfected secondary effluent consistent with the requirements of Title 22 of the California Code of Regulations.
Following treatment, effluent is pumped from the stabilization ponds to adjacent percolation areas for disposal in accordance with the WWTP's WDRs. The City does not currently produce disinfected tertiary recycled water or operate a recycled water distribution system.
Wastewater flows have remained relatively stable over the past five years. Between 2021 and 2024, the volume of wastewater collected and treated ranged from approximately 320 to 331 MG annually. During 2025, the City collected and treated approximately 314 MG of wastewater, of which approximately 247 MG of treated effluent was discharged in accordance with the WWTP’s WDRs. These quantities are summarized in Table 6-1 and reported in the applicable UWMP submittal tables.
Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 (Submittal Table 6-2) ☐
Check the box if there is no wastewater collection system.
Proceed to the next table.
100% Percentage of 2025 service area served by wastewater collection system. 100% Percentage of 2025 service area population served by wastewater collection system.
Wastewater Collection Recipient of Collected Wastewater Name of
Wastewater
Collection
Agency
Wastewater
Volume Metered
or Estimated?
Volume of
Wastewater
Collected from
UWMP Service
Area 2025 (MG)
Name of
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
(WWTP) and Place
ID Number
Is WWTP Located
Within UWMP
Area?
City of
Coalinga Metered 314 Coalinga WWTF, Place ID 273107 Yes Total Wastewater Received from
UWMP Service Area in 2025: 314
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
48 As stated above, the City does not operate a municipal recycled water distribution system. However, the City’s WWTP remains a potential future source of recycled water should additional treatment upgrades, storage and transmission infrastructure, regulatory approvals, and economically feasible reuse opportunities be identified. Future beneficial reuse could help offset potable water demands and improve long-term water supply reliability.
Table 6-3 summarizes the quantity of wastewater collected from within the City’s service area and treated at the City’s WWTF during 2025. Consistent with CWC Section 10633(a), this table presents the volume of wastewater received from within the service area and the total volume treated at the City’s WWTF.
As discussed previously, the City does not currently operate a municipal recycled water distribution system or produce disinfected tertiary recycled water suitable for direct beneficial reuse. However, the City's WWTP represents a potential future source of recycled water should additional treatment upgrades, storage and distribution infrastructure, regulatory approvals, and economically feasible reuse opportunities be identified. Future recycled water projects could reduce the demand for imported CVP water by providing a non-potable supply for appropriate applications, such as landscape irrigation, agricultural irrigation, industrial uses, or other approved beneficial uses, thereby improving the long-term sustainability and reliability of the City's overall water supply portfolio.
Table 6-2 summarizes the quantity of wastewater collected within the City's service area and the volume of wastewater treated at the City's WWTP. Consistent with CWC Section 10633(a), the table identifies the volume of wastewater collected and treated, the amount discharged through percolation in accordance with the City's Waste Discharge Requirements and confirms that no recycled water was beneficially reused within the service area during the reporting year.
Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025 (Submittal Table 6-3)
☐
Check the box if no wastewater is treated or disposed of within the UWMP service area.
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
Name and Place
ID Number
Does This Plant Treat
Wastewater Generated
Outside the UWMP
Service Area?
2025 Volume of
Wastewater Received
from UWMP Service
Area (MG)
Total 2025
Volume of
Water Treated
(MG)
Coalinga WWTF,
Place ID 273107 No 314 314
Table 6-3 summarizes the disposition of treated wastewater within the City of Coalinga's service area during 2025. The City's WWTP produces undisinfected secondary effluent, which is discharged to adjacent percolation areas in accordance with the facility's WDRs. The City does not currently produce disinfected tertiary recycled water or operate a municipal recycled water distribution system. Consequently, no treated wastewater was beneficially reused within or outside the City's service area during the 2025 reporting period, and all treated effluent was managed through the City's existing percolation disposal system.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
49 Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025 (Submittal Table 6-3) ☐ Check the box if no wastewater is treated or disposed of within the UWMP service area.
Wastewater
Treatment
Plant Name
and Place ID
Number
2025 Outcomes of Treated Wastewater
Water Recycled
Within UWMP
Service Area
Water Recycled
Outside of UWMP
Service Area
Effluent Discharge that
is not a Permitted
Recycled Water Use
Required Discharge
for Instream Flow
Delivered to Another Entity for
Additional Treatment
Treatment
Level
Volume
(MG) Treatment
Level
Volume
(MG)
Treatment
Level
Volume
(MG) Treatment
Level
Volume
(MG) Treatment
Level
Volume
(MG)
Name of
Other
Entity
Coalinga
WWTF, Place
ID 273107
NA 0 NA 0
Secondary,
Undisinfected 247 NA 0 NA 0 NA
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
50 6.1.6.3. Recycled Water System Description
CWC Section 10633 (c)
A description of the recycled water currently being used in the supplier’s service area, including, but not limited to, the type, place, and quantity of use.
As stated above, the City of Coalinga does not currently operate a municipal recycled water distribution system and does not directly deliver recycled water for beneficial reuse within the service area. At present, treated effluent generated at the City’s WWTP is managed through the existing wastewater treatment and disposal system, where undisinfected secondary effluent is discharged to adjacent percolation areas in accordance with the City's WDRs. The City does not currently produce disinfected tertiary recycled water suitable for direct non-potable reuse.
Because the City does not have an active recycled water system, there are currently no municipal recycled water customers, no recycled water distribution infrastructure, and no direct recycled water deliveries for landscape irrigation, agricultural irrigation, industrial reuse, groundwater recharge through a permitted recycled water project, or other beneficial uses. Accordingly, there is no reported recycled water use within the City’s service area for 2025.
6.1.6.4. Current, Potential, and Projected Recycled Water Uses CWC Section 10633
(b) A description of the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is otherwise available for use in a recycled water project. (d) A description and quantification of the potential uses of recycled water, including, but not limited to, agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, wildlife habitat enhancement, wetlands, industrial reuse, groundwater recharge, indirect potable reuse, and other appropriate uses, and a determination with regard to the technical and economic feasibility of serving those uses. (e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision.
Recycled water is not currently incorporated into the City's water supply portfolio. Following secondary treatment at the City's WWTP, treated effluent is discharged to adjacent percolation areas consistent with the facility's WDRs, and is not distributed for municipal, agricultural, industrial, or other beneficial uses.
Accordingly, direct recycled water use within the City in 2025 is 0 MG.
Although the City does not currently operate a recycled water program, the WWTP remains a potential future source of recycled water should treatment upgrades, storage facilities, transmission infrastructure, regulatory approvals, and economically feasible demand opportunities be identified. Potential future applications could include irrigation of parks, landscaped areas, roadway medians, agricultural lands, public facilities, industrial uses, construction water, or other approved non-potable uses that could reduce reliance on imported CVP water.
At this time, implementation of a recycled water system is constrained by the capital costs associated with upgrading the existing WWTP to produce disinfected tertiary recycled water, construction of storage and distribution facilities, seasonal fluctuations in recycled water demand, operational and regulatory City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
51 requirements, and the availability of funding. Based on these constraints, the City has not identified any funded recycled water capital improvement projects or planned recycled water customers during the 2025 UWMP planning horizon.
Accordingly, the City projects no direct recycled water uses through 2050. Because the City does not currently beneficially reuse recycled water and has no planned recycled water projects, Submittal Table 6-4 (Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area) and Submittal Table 6-5 (2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual) are not applicable and are therefore not included in this UWMP.
The City will continue to evaluate opportunities to beneficially reuse treated wastewater as part of its long-term water resources planning efforts and will consider recycled water development as future treatment technologies, regulatory requirements, funding opportunities, and customer demands evolve.
6.1.6.5. Actions to Encourage and Optimize Future Recycled Water Use CWC Section 10633
The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier… and shall include the following:
(g) A plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the supplier’s service area, including actions to facilitate the installation of dual distribution systems, to promote recirculating uses, to facilitate the increased use of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, and to overcome any obstacles to achieving that increased use.
Consistent with CWC Section 10633(g) and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, urban water suppliers are required to describe actions planned to encourage and optimize future recycled water use. The City of Coalinga does not operate a municipal recycled water distribution system and does not have funded recycled water expansion projects planned during the 2025 UWMP planning horizon. Accordingly, no specific recycled water implementation actions or quantifiable increases in recycled water use are identified at this time.
While no near-term expansion projects are currently planned, the City recognizes that treated effluent from the City’s WWTP may represent a potential long-term supplemental water resource. As future conditions warrant, the City may evaluate opportunities to optimize recycled water use through feasibility studies, treatment upgrades, storage improvements, transmission infrastructure, and identification of nearby non-potable demands such as parks, landscaped areas, agricultural irrigation, public facilities, or groundwater recharge projects subject to regulatory approval.
Because the City does not currently plan to expand recycled water use during the planning horizon, Submittal Table 6-6 (Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use) is not applicable to this UWMP.
The City will continue to monitor future opportunities to beneficially reuse treated wastewater as part of long-term water supply planning.
6.1.7. Desalinated Water Opportunities
CWC Section 10631(g)
Describe the opportunities for development of desalinated water, including, but not limited to, ocean water, brackish water, and groundwater, as a long-term supply.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
52 The City has evaluated the potential for desalinated water as a long-term water supply in accordance with CWC Section 10631(g). Due to the City’s inland location and significant distance from the Pacific Ocean, development of ocean desalination facilities or conveyance infrastructure to deliver desalinated seawater directly to the service area is not considered technically or economically feasible.
Similarly, there are no known brackish groundwater sources within or near the City’s service area that would support development of a brackish water desalination project.
Based on these factors, desalinated water is not currently a feasible or planned water supply option for the City of Coalinga but may be revisited as part of future regional water supply planning efforts.
6.1.8. Water Exchanges or Transfers
CWC Section 10631(c)
Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short-term or long-term basis.
The City of Coalinga does not currently participate in any short-term or long-term water transfer or exchange programs and has no existing contractual agreements to receive water through transfer or exchange mechanisms. The City's potable water supply is provided through its long-term water service contract with the USBR for CVP water.
Currently, the City has not identified any feasible opportunities to supplement its existing water supply through water transfers or exchange agreements. Accordingly, water transfers and exchanges are not included as a component of the City's existing or projected water supply portfolio during the 2025 UWMP planning horizon.
6.1.9. Supply from Storage
For purposes of this UWMP, “supply from storage” refers to water that was previously placed into surface or groundwater storage in a prior year and is subsequently withdrawn for use during the reporting year.
Consistent with the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, only water that was stored prior to the current reporting year and later extracted is reported as supply from storage to avoid double counting of water supplies.
The City does not rely on long-term surface or groundwater storage as a primary water supply source.
While the City operates storage tanks within its distribution system, these facilities are used for operational and system balancing purposes (meeting peak demand, maintaining pressure, and providing emergency storage) and do not function as long-term storage from which water is later withdrawn as a distinct supply source.
6.1.10. Other
The “Other” water supply category is used to report any water sources that are not adequately described by the defined supply categories in this UWMP. For the 2025 reporting year, the City does not have any water supplies that fall outside of the standard supply categories.
6.1.11. Future Water Projects
CWC Section 10631 (f)
Include a description of all water supply projects and water supply programs that may be undertaken by the urban water supplier to meet the total projected water use, as established pursuant to subdivision City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
53 (a) of Section 10635. The urban water supplier shall include a detailed description of expected future projects and programs that the urban water supplier may implement to increase the amount of the water supply available to the urban water supplier in normal and single dry water years and for a period of drought lasting five consecutive water years. The description shall identify specific projects and include a description of the increase in water supply that is expected to be available from each project. The description shall include an estimate with regard to the implementation timeline for each project or program.
The City of Coalinga continually evaluates opportunities to improve the reliability, efficiency, and resiliency of its water system through ongoing infrastructure maintenance and capital improvement projects. However, the City has not identified any future water supply projects or programs that are expected to increase the quantity of water available to the City during the 2025 UWMP Plan planning horizon. Existing CVP water supplies are projected to be adequate to meet the City's projected demands under normal-year conditions, and the City has not identified any new surface water, groundwater, recycled water, desalination, or water transfer projects that would provide additional water supplies.
The City is currently implementing a systemwide meter replacement program to improve customer metering accuracy, reduce apparent water losses, enhance water use accounting, and support compliance with the SWRCB's water loss performance standards. Although this project will improve operational efficiency and water system management, it does not increase the quantity of water available to the City and therefore is not considered a future water supply project for purposes of CWC Section 10631(f).
Pursuant to CWC Section 10631(f), the City evaluated potential future water supply projects and programs that could increase available water supplies during normal, single dry, and multiple dry water years. At this time, the City has not identified any projects or programs that would result in a quantifiable increase in available water supplies. Therefore, DWR Submittal Table 6-7, Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs, is not applicable and is not included in this UWMP.
6.2. Summary of Existing and Planned Sources
CWC Code 10631
(b) Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), providing supporting and related information, including all of the following… (b)(2) When multiple sources of water supply are identified, a description of the management of each supply in correlation with the other identified supplies. (h) An urban water supplier that relies upon a wholesale agency for a source of water shall provide the wholesale agency with water use projections from that agency for that source of water in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The wholesale agency shall provide information to the urban water supplier for inclusion in the urban water supplier’s plan that identifies and quantifies, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water as required by subdivision (b), available from the wholesale agency to the urban water supplier over the same fiveyear increments, and during various water-year types in accordance with subdivision (f). An urban water supplier may rely upon water supply information provided by the wholesale agency in fulfilling the plan informational requirements of subdivisions (b) and (f).
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
54 The City of Coalinga’s water supply portfolio consists entirely of imported surface water purchased from the USBR through the CVP. Imported water is used for two distinct purposes within the City's service area.
Potable water is conveyed to the City's WTP, where it is treated and distributed through the municipal potable water system to residential, commercial, institutional, governmental, industrial, and public customers. In addition, the City delivers untreated imported surface water to agricultural customers for non-potable irrigation purposes.
Since both potable and non-potable supplies originate from the same imported CVP source, the City does not manage multiple independent water supply sources. Rather, imported water deliveries are managed through the City's existing conveyance, treatment, storage, and distribution facilities to satisfy potable demands while also providing untreated water deliveries for agricultural customers. The City does not currently utilize groundwater, recycled water, stormwater, desalinated water, or water transfer and exchange programs as existing or planned municipal water supply sources.
Table 6-4 summarizes the City's actual water supplies during 2025. During the reporting year, the City supplied approximately 1,282 MG of treated potable water and 1,067 MG of untreated imported surface water for non-potable agricultural use, for a total water supply of approximately 2,349 MG.
Water Supplies — 2025 Actual (Submittal Table 6-8)
Water Supply
2025
Water Type
Actual
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitlement
(MG)
Surface water (not desalinated)(1) Potable 1,282 1,282
Purchased or Imported Water(2) Non-Potable 1,067 1,067
Subtotal Potable 1,282 1,282
Subtotal Non-Potable 1,067 1,067
TOTAL 2,349 2,349
NOTES:
(1)Surface Water (not desalinated) represents imported CVP surface water treated at the City's WTP and delivered through the municipal potable water distribution system. (2)Purchased or Imported Water represents untreated CVP surface water delivered by the City for agricultural irrigation and other non-potable uses.
Projected water supplies through the 2050 planning horizon are summarized in Table 6-5. Potable water supplies are projected to increase from approximately 1,338 MG in 2030 to 1,952 MG by 2050 to accommodate projected growth within the City's service area, while deliveries of untreated imported surface water for agricultural customers are projected to remain constant at approximately 1,067 MG throughout the planning period. As a result, the City's total projected water supply is expected to increase from approximately 2,405 MG in 2030 to 3,020 MG by 2050. The existing and projected water supplies presented in Tables 6-4 and 6-5 form the basis for the normal-year, single dry-year, and multiple dry-year water supply reliability analyses presented in Chapter 7.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
55 Water Supplies — Projected (Submittal Table 6-9)
Water Supply Water
Type
Projected Water Supply
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitlement
(MG)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitlement
(MG)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitlement
(MG)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitlement
(MG)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitlement
(MG)
Surface water
(not
desalinated)(1)
Potable 1,338 1,338 1,462 1,462 1,603 1,603 1,766 1,766 1,952 1,952 Purchased or
Imported
Water(2)
NonPotable 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 Subtotal Potable 1,338 1,338 1,462 1,462 1,603 1,603 1,766 1,766 1,952 1,952 Subtotal Non-Potable 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,067 TOTAL 2,405 2,405 2,529 2,529 2,671 2,671 2,833 2,833 3,020 3,020 NOTES:
(1)Surface Water (not desalinated) represents imported CVP surface water treated at the City's WTP and delivered through the municipal potable water distribution system.
(2)Purchased or Imported Water represents untreated CVP surface water delivered by the City for agricultural irrigation and other non-potable uses.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
56 6.3. Energy Use
CWC Section 10631.2. (a)
In addition to the requirements of Section 10631, an urban water management plan shall include any of the following information that the urban water supplier can readily obtain:
(1) An estimate of the amount of energy used to extract or divert water supplies. (2) An estimate of the amount of energy used to convey water supplies to the water treatment plants or distribution systems.
(3) An estimate of the amount of energy used to treat water supplies. (4) An estimate of the amount of energy used to distribute water supplies through its distribution systems.
(5) An estimate of the amount of energy used for treated water supplies in comparison to the amount used for nontreated water supplies.
(6) An estimate of the amount of energy used to place water into or withdraw from storage. (7) Any other energy-related information the urban water supplier deems appropriate.
In accordance with CWC Section 10631.2(a), this section provides information regarding energy use associated with the production and distribution of water supplies within the City’s service area. The information is intended to provide a planning-level estimate of the energy required to operate the City's potable water system using data that is readily available from utility records and system operations.
The City relies exclusively on imported surface water supplied through its long-term CVP water service contract with the USBR. Raw CVP water is conveyed to the City's WTP, where it is treated to meet all applicable drinking water standards before being delivered to the potable water distribution system.
Accordingly, the City's primary energy demands are associated with treatment of imported surface water, operation of the distribution system, and movement of treated water through the City's storage and transmission facilities.
Within the City's water system, energy is primarily consumed for operation of treatment processes, including chemical feed systems, filtration, pumping, instrumentation, and other treatment equipment at the WTP. Additional energy is required to convey treated water throughout the distribution system, maintain system pressures, and transfer water into and out of storage facilities as necessary to meet customer demands. The City does not directly incur energy associated with extracting or conveying raw CVP water to its point of delivery, and upstream embedded energy associated with imported water is not included in this analysis.
Energy intensity is defined as the amount of electrical energy required to treat and deliver a unit volume of potable water and is commonly expressed in kilowatt-hours per million gallons (kWh/MG). For the City of Coalinga, energy intensity reflects the electricity used to operate the WTP and associated potable water delivery facilities under the City's operational control. Energy consumption is measured through metered electrical service accounts and recorded in kilowatt-hours (kWh).
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
57 An energy intensity analysis was completed for the reporting period of January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025, using DWR’s recommended Total Utility Approach. During 2025, the City delivered approximately 1,282 MG of potable water and consumed approximately 3,017,791 kWh of electricity for treatment and distribution operations, resulting in a system-wide energy intensity of approximately 2,354 kWh/MG. The City does not currently generate renewable energy to offset electrical consumption associated with its potable water operations. The results are summarized in Table 6-6, and the corresponding DWR Optional Submittal Table O-1B is included in Appendix E.
Recommended Energy Reporting - Single Delivery Product - Total Utility Approach (Submittal Table O-1B)
Water Delivery Product Retail Potable
Deliveries
Only for Water Delivery Products Under the
Urban Water Supplier's Operational Control
Start Date of Reporting
Period 1/1/2025
Sum of All
Water
Management
Processes
Non-Consequential
Hydropower
End Date of Reporting Period 12/31/2025
Is upstream embedded
energy in the values
reported?
No
Units of Measure for Water MG Total Utility Hydropower Net Utility Volume of Water Entering Process 1,282 0 1,282
Energy Consumed (kWh) 3,017,791 0 3,017,791
Energy Intensity (kWh/vol. converted to MG) 2,354 0 2,354 As discussed in Section 6.1.5, the City of Coalinga collects, treats, and disposes of wastewater generated within its service area through the City's municipal wastewater collection and treatment system. In accordance with CWC Section 10631.2(a), Table 6-7 summarizes the energy associated with the City's wastewater operations for the reporting period of January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025.
Wastewater system energy intensity represents the amount of electrical energy required to collect, convey, treat, and discharge wastewater and is expressed as kWh/MG of wastewater processed. During the reporting period, the City treated approximately 314 MG of wastewater and consumed a total of approximately 847,045 kWh of electricity for wastewater collection and treatment operations. This resulted in an overall wastewater system energy intensity of approximately 1,349 kWh/MG. Energy consumption associated with the wastewater collection system accounted for approximately 17,989 kWh, while wastewater treatment operations accounted for approximately 829,056 kWh. The City did not produce recycled water or generate renewable energy associated with its wastewater operations during the reporting period.
The reported energy consumption is based on metered electrical usage for the WWTP and sewer lift stations and is intended to provide a planning-level estimate of the energy required to operate the City's wastewater system. The results are summarized in Table 6-7, and the corresponding DWR Optional Submittal Table O-2 is included in Appendix E.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
58 Recommended Energy Reporting - Single Delivery Product - Total Utility Approach (Submittal Table O1C) Water Delivery Product Retail Potable Deliveries Only for Water Delivery Products Under the Urban Water Supplier's Operational Control
Start Date of Reporting Period 1/1/2025
Sum of All Water
Management
Processes
Non-Consequential
Hydropower
End Date of Reporting Period 12/31/2025
Is upstream embedded energy in
the values reported? No
Units of Measure for Water MG Total Utility Hydropower Net Utility Volume of Water Entering Process 314 314 0
Energy Consumed (kWh) 17,989 829,056 0
Energy Intensity (kWh/vol. converted to MG) 57 2,641 0
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
59 City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 60 CHAPTER 7 - WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY AND DROUGHT
RISK ASSESSMENT
Assessing water service reliability is the fundamental purpose for the UWMP and a core requirement of the UWMPA. Water service reliability reflects the ability of the City of Coalinga to meet the current and projected water needs of its customers under a range of hydrologic, regulatory, and operational conditions.
Consistent with CWC Sections 10631(c) and 10635, this chapter evaluates the reliability of City’s water supplies by comparing projected water demands with available supplies under varying conditions, including normal years, single dry years, and droughts lasting five consecutive years. This analysis considers multiple factors that may influence supply reliability, including hydrologic variability, climate change, regulatory constraints, infrastructure limitations, and operational considerations.
The City relies exclusively on imported surface water purchased from the USBR through the CVP to meet its potable water demands. In addition, the City delivers untreated imported CVP water for agricultural irrigation. Because the City depends on a single imported water source, water supply reliability is closely tied to the availability of CVP supplies, annual allocation decisions made by the USBR, and the operational and regulatory conditions affecting the State's interconnected water conveyance system. Long-term planning therefore focuses on maintaining reliable imported water deliveries while ensuring that the City's treatment, storage, and distribution facilities can meet projected customer demands.
This chapter also considers water quality as an important component of water supply reliability.
Maintaining compliance with federal and State drinking water standards is essential to ensuring the continued availability of a safe and reliable potable water supply. The City's conventional surface WTP is designed to treat imported CVP water to meet all applicable drinking water standards prior to distribution.
Ongoing monitoring, treatment optimization, and regulatory compliance remain integral components of the City's water supply reliability planning.
In accordance with CWC Section 10635, this chapter includes a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) evaluating the City's ability to meet projected demands during a continuous five-year drought. The DRA provides a forward-looking assessment of the potential impacts of prolonged drought on the City's imported water supplies and serves as the basis for the WSCP and other demand management strategies.
The water service reliability assessment presented in this chapter summarizes City’s expected ability to meet projected demands under normal, single dry year, and five consecutive dry year conditions for planning horizon years 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045, and 2050. This evaluation provides the basis for identifying potential supply shortages and informs the City’s water shortage contingency planning, demand management strategies, and long-term resource planning.
7.1. Constraints on Water Sources
CWC Section 10631 (b)(1)
A detailed discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal water year, single dry year, and droughts lasting at least five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of drought, as described in the drought risk assessment. For each source of water supply, consider any information pertinent to City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 61 the reliability analysis conducted pursuant to Section 10635, including changes in supply due to climate change.
CWC Section 10634
The plan shall include information, to the extent practicable, relating to the quality of existing sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments as described in subdivision (a) of Section 10631, and the manner in which water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability.
CWC Section 10635 (b)(2)
A determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions.
This may include a determination that a particular source of water supply is fully reliable under most, if not all, conditions.
CWC Section 10635 (b)(4)
Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.
Water supply reliability is influenced by a range of physical, regulatory, and operational factors that may affect the availability of water under varying conditions, including normal years, single dry years, and droughts lasting five consecutive years or longer. This section describes key constraints that may affect the reliability of each water supply source, including water quality considerations, climatic variability, and legal and institutional factors.
As previously stated, the City of Coalinga relies exclusively on imported surface water purchased from the USBR through the CVP to meet its potable water demands. Consequently, the reliability of the City's water supply is closely tied to annual CVP allocations, hydrologic conditions throughout the Sacramento-San Joaquin watershed, regulatory requirements governing operation of the CVP, and the ability of the State's water conveyance facilities to deliver imported water to the City's WTP. Unlike agencies with multiple water supply sources, the City does not have groundwater, recycled water, or other local supplies available to supplement imported water deliveries during periods of reduced CVP allocations.
In addition to supply availability, water quality remains an important component of water supply reliability. The City treats imported CVP water at its conventional surface WTP to meet all applicable federal and State drinking water standards prior to distribution. Continued compliance with drinking water regulations, together with ongoing operation and maintenance of the City's treatment, transmission, storage, and distribution facilities, is essential to maintaining a reliable potable water supply.
The factors discussed in the following sections summarize the primary constraints that may affect the availability and reliability of the City's imported water supplies and are incorporated into the water supply reliability assessment and DRA presented in this chapter.
7.1.1. Water Quality
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 62 The quality of the City's imported surface water supply is an important factor affecting long-term water supply reliability. The City obtains its raw water from the USBR’s CVP, which originates in the SacramentoSan Joaquin Delta (Delta). The water quality of the Delta is vulnerable to a variety of naturally occurring and human-related sources of contamination associated with urban development, agricultural activities, industrial operations, wastewater discharges, and historic land uses throughout the watershed.
Although the City's WTP is designed to treat imported CVP water to meet all applicable federal and State drinking water standards, changes in source water quality may affect treatment requirements, operational costs, and long-term water supply management. Continued monitoring of source water quality and optimization of treatment processes are therefore essential components of maintaining a safe and reliable potable water supply.
In addition to treatment considerations, water quality within the Delta may influence the operation of the CVP. Regulatory actions intended to protect Delta water quality, aquatic habitat, and environmental resources, as well as changes to water quality objectives or operational criteria, may affect the quantity of CVP water deliveries. While the magnitude of any future impacts cannot be quantified, such regulatory or operational changes could reduce the amount of water available to the City during certain hydrologic conditions.
The City continues to monitor water quality through routine source water and finished water sampling, compliance monitoring, and implementation of all applicable drinking water regulations. Annual Consumer Confidence Reports (CCRs), available on the City's website, provide detailed information regarding drinking water quality, regulatory compliance, and water quality monitoring results.
7.1.2. Climatic Changes
Climate variability and long-term climate change have the potential to affect the reliability of the City of Coalinga's imported water supplies. Although the City does not rely on local precipitation or groundwater to meet its potable water demands, changes in statewide hydrologic conditions may influence the availability of water delivered through the USBR’s CVP.
California has experienced increasing variability in precipitation patterns, including more frequent and prolonged droughts, reduced snowpack, earlier snowmelt runoff, and more extreme storm events. These changes may affect reservoir storage, runoff timing, and the operational flexibility of the CVP. Extended dry periods can reduce available water supplies and result in lower annual CVP allocations, while more intense precipitation events may alter reservoir operations and water management strategies.
Climate change may also increase water demands within the City's service area. Higher average temperatures and more frequent extreme heat events can increase outdoor irrigation requirements, elevate evaporative losses, and increase overall potable water demand during the summer months. These changing demand patterns are considered in the City's long-term water demand projections and water supply planning.
To address these uncertainties, the City evaluates water supply reliability under multiple hydrologic conditions, including normal-year, single dry-year, and drought conditions lasting five consecutive years, as required by the UWMPA. In addition, the City's WSCP establishes response actions to reduce water demand and manage available supplies during periods of reduced CVP deliveries.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 63 7.1.3. Legal and Institutional Constraints
Legal, regulatory, and institutional factors play an important role in the reliability of the City of Coalinga's imported water supply. The City relies exclusively on surface water purchased from the USBR through the CVP pursuant to Contract No. 14-06-200-4173A-IR1-P, a long-term repayment contract executed on January 22, 2021. The contract authorizes the City to receive up to 10,000 AF of CVP water annually for municipal, industrial, and other authorized purposes. Although the contract establishes the City's contractual entitlement, annual water deliveries are subject to hydrologic conditions, reservoir storage, operational constraints, and applicable federal laws, regulations, and policies governing the operation of the CVP.
The reliability of the City's imported water supply is also influenced by the USBR's management of the CVP, including implementation of the Municipal and Industrial (M&I) Shortage Policy. The M&I Shortage Policy establishes the procedures by which available CVP supplies are allocated among M&I contractors during periods of limited water availability. During drought conditions or other water supply shortages, annual CVP allocations may be reduced based on available supplies, while maintaining sufficient deliveries to protect public health and safety to the extent practicable.
In addition to USBR operating policies, future water supply reliability may be affected by federal and State regulatory requirements governing operation of the Delta and the CVP. These include environmental regulations, endangered species protection measures, water quality objectives, reservoir operating requirements, and other regulatory actions that may influence the timing or quantity of CVP water deliveries. Although the specific impacts of future regulatory changes cannot be quantified, they represent an important consideration in the City's long-term water supply planning.
To address these legal and institutional uncertainties, the City maintains a WSCP that identifies staged response actions to reduce customer demands during periods of reduced water availability. These planning efforts help ensure the continued delivery of water for essential public health, sanitation, and fire protection purposes should CVP allocations be reduced.
7.2. Water Service Reliability Assessment
CWC Section 10635(a)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years.
This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.
Water supply reliability is evaluated based on the characteristics of City’s water supplies under representative water year types. In accordance with CWC Section 10635(a), the City’s water service reliability is assessed under three hydrologic conditions, which are described in the following sections.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 64 7.2.1. Year Type Characterization
For evaluating water supply reliability, the City has defined representative water year types based on historical supply records. These year types are intended to reflect a range of hydrologic conditions and corresponding supply availability that may be experienced during the planning horizon. • Normal Year – A normal year represents typical water supply conditions under average hydrologic conditions. This could be a single year or averaged range of years that most closely represents the average water supply available to the Supplier. For this UWMP, the normal year supply was determined based on the average volume of potable water supplied by the City over the representative period of 2016 through 2025. During this period, the average annual potable water supply was approximately 2,118 MG. This value is used to represent the volume of potable water available under normal conditions.
• Single Dry Year – A single dry year represents the year with the lowest recorded water supply available to the City. Based on historical records, 2022 is identified as the single dry year, during which City supplied approximately 1,204 MG of potable water. This value is used to represent reduced supply availability under dry year conditions.
• Five-Consecutive Year Drought – A five-consecutive year drought represents an extended period of reduced water supply availability and is defined as the driest five-year sequence based on historical records. For this UWMP, the City evaluated potable water supply data over the period from 2001 through 2025 to identify the lowest consecutive five-year average. The period from 2018 through 2022 represents the driest five-year sequence, during which the average annual potable water supply was approximately 1,961 MG. During this period, the volume of potable water supplied decreased at an average annual rate of approximately 16.9 percent. This period is used to represent extended drought conditions for the reliability assessment.
Table 7-1 summarizes the City’s historical supply reliability under the representative water year types described above. The available supply columns present both the volume and corresponding percentage of potable water supply that would be expected if hydrologic conditions similar to each year type were to recur.
Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) (Submittal Table 7-1) Year Type Base Year
Available Supplies if
Year Type Repeats
☐
Check the box if quantification of available
supplies is not compatible with this table
and is provided elsewhere in the UWMP.
Quantification of available supplies is provided in this table as either volume only, percent only, or both.
Volume Available % of Average Supply
Average Year 2016-2025 2,118 100%
Single-Dry Year 2022 1,204 57%
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 65 Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) (Submittal Table 7-1) Year Type Base Year
Available Supplies if
Year Type Repeats
☐
Check the box if quantification of available
supplies is not compatible with this table
and is provided elsewhere in the UWMP.
Quantification of available supplies is provided in this table as either volume only, percent only, or both.
Volume Available % of Average Supply
Consecutive Dry Years 1st Year 2018 1,961 93%
Consecutive Dry Years 2nd Year(1) 2019 1,630 77%
Consecutive Dry Years 3rd Year(1) 2020 1,354 64%
Consecutive Dry Years 4th Year(1) 2021 1,125 53%
Consecutive Dry Years 5th Year(1) 2022 935 44%
NOTES:
(1)Assumes a 16.9 percent decrease in the available water supply from previous year.
7.2.2. Supply and Demand Comparison
CWC Section 10635(a)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years.
This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.
This section presents a comparison of the City’s projected water demands and available water supplies to evaluate the reliability of water service under normal, single dry year, and multiple dry year conditions.
This assessment compares total projected water use with available water supplies over a 20-year planning horizon, in five-year increments, and is based on the demand projections presented in Chapter 4 and the supply projections presented in Chapter 6.
The following subsections evaluate water supply reliability by comparing total annual supply and demand for each representative water year type for the years 2025 through 2050. This analysis provides the basis for determining whether sufficient supplies are available to meet projected demands under varying hydrologic conditions.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 66 7.2.2.1. Normal Year
As discussed in Chapter 6, the City relies exclusively on imported surface water supplies obtained through its long-term water service contract with the USBR for CVP water. Under normal hydrologic conditions, the City's contracted water supply is expected to provide sufficient water to meet projected potable and non-potable water demands throughout the 2025 UWMP planning horizon. The City continues to coordinate with USBR regarding water deliveries and maintains treatment, storage, and distribution facilities capable of delivering the projected water demands under normal operating conditions.
Although the reliability of imported surface water may be influenced by hydrologic conditions, regulatory requirements, or operational constraints affecting the CVP, the City does not anticipate supply limitations under normal-year conditions. In addition, the City maintains a comprehensive WSCP, presented in Chapter 8, which establishes procedures for responding to potential supply reductions or emergency interruptions should they occur.
Table 7-2 presents a comparison of projected normal-year water supplies and demands for the planning horizon. As shown, projected normal-year supplies are sufficient to meet projected demands through 2050. The projected supply totals are consistent with Table 6-5, and the projected demand totals are consistent with Table 4-5. Based on this comparison, the City is expected to maintain a reliable water supply under normal-year conditions, with no anticipated water supply surplus or shortfall.
Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-2) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Supply Totals (MG) (From Table 6-5) 2,405 2,529 2,671 2,833 3,020 Use Totals (MG) (From Table 4-5) 2,405 2,529 2,671 2,833 3,020 Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
7.2.2.2. Single Dry Year
Single dry year conditions represent a year of below-average hydrologic conditions that may reduce available CVP water supplies due to lower runoff, reservoir storage, or allocation reductions by the USBR.
For planning purposes, the City evaluated single dry year conditions by applying an approximate 43 percent reduction to both projected water supplies and projected water demands relative to normal-year conditions. The reduction in projected demand reflects implementation of the demand reduction measures contained in the City's WSCP, which are intended to maintain a balance between available supplies and customer demands during drought conditions.
Because the City relies exclusively on imported CVP surface water, the reliability of its water supply during a single dry year is dependent on the availability of contracted USBR deliveries. The City's long-term water service contract, together with proactive water conservation measures and implementation of the WSCP, provides the operational framework necessary to manage reduced water supplies while maintaining reliable water service. The City's AWSDA process further supports timely evaluation of available supplies and implementation of appropriate shortage response actions, if necessary.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 67 Table 7-3 compares projected single dry year water supplies and projected demands through the 2050 planning horizon. As shown, projected supplies are sufficient to meet projected demands under single dry year conditions. Based on this comparison, the City does not anticipate water supply shortages under the assumed single dry year scenario and is expected to maintain reliable service through implementation of its planned drought response measures.
Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-3) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Supply Totals (MG) 1,367 1,437 1,518 1,610 1,716
Use Totals (MG) 1,367 1,437 1,518 1,610 1,716
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
7.2.2.3. Five Consecutive Dry Years
Table 7-4 presents the comparison of projected water supplies and demands under a multiple dry year scenario consisting of five consecutive dry years over the planning horizon. This analysis is intended to evaluate the City’s ability to meet demands under prolonged drought conditions. For planning purposes, the City assumes incremental reductions in both available water supply and demand relative to normal year conditions. These reductions reflect the potential for reduced CVP water deliveries during prolonged drought conditions and the corresponding demand reductions evaluated as part of the City's WSCP.
Specifically, reductions of approximately 7 percent in the first year, 23 percent in the second year, 36 percent in the third year, 47 percent in the fourth year, and 56 percent in the fifth year are applied relative to normal year conditions. These reductions reflect the potential for progressively reduced CVP water deliveries during an extended drought sequence and the corresponding reductions in projected water use evaluated under the City's WSCP. This approach provides a conservative assessment of the City's ability to respond to prolonged water supply shortages while evaluating the adequacy of available supplies under increasingly severe drought conditions.
Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-4) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
First Year
Supply Totals (MG) 2,227 2,342 2,473 2,624 2,796
Use Totals (MG) 2,227 2,342 2,473 2,624 2,796
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Second Year
Supply Totals (MG) 1,851 1,946 2,055 2,180 2,324
Use Totals (MG) 1,851 1,946 2,055 2,180 2,324
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Third Year
Supply Totals (MG) 1,538 1,617 1,708 1,812 1,931
Use Totals (MG) 1,538 1,617 1,708 1,812 1,931
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Fourth Year
Supply Totals (MG) 1,278 1,344 1,419 1,505 1,604
Use Totals (MG) 1,278 1,344 1,419 1,505 1,604
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Fifth Year Supply Totals (MG) 0 0 0 0 0
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 68 Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-4) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Use Totals (MG) 1,062 1,117 1,179 1,251 1,333
Surplus/(shortfall) 1,062 1,117 1,179 1,251 1,333
As shown in Tables 7-2, 7-3, and 7-4, projected water supplies are sufficient to meet anticipated demands throughout the five-year drought sequence and across the planning horizon. No supply shortages are projected under this scenario. While the City's imported water supply has historically provided reliable service, continued implementation of water conservation programs, demand management measures, and WSCP actions will remain important to maintain long-term water supply reliability and enhance system resilience during extended dry conditions.
7.2.3. Description of Management Tools and Options
CWC Section 10620(f)
An urban water supplier shall describe in the plan water management tools and options used by that entity that will maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions.
The City of Coalinga recognizes the importance of managing its available water supplies efficiently to ensure long-term water supply reliability. The City relies exclusively on imported surface water provided through its long-term water service contract with the USBR for CVP water. Because the City's potable water supply is derived entirely from imported water, the City focuses on maximizing the efficient use of its available supply through conservation, system efficiency, and demand management rather than developing alternative local water sources.
To support efficient water use and reduce overall demand, the City implements a variety of Demand Management Measures (DMMs), including water conservation programs, public education and outreach, water loss management, conservation-oriented rate structures, and ongoing improvements to its water distribution system. The City also continues to improve system efficiency through replacement of aging infrastructure and completion of its AMR program, which enhances water use monitoring and improves the ability to identify leaks and unauthorized water use. Additional information regarding the City's DMMs is provided in Chapter 9.
The City's WSCP, presented in Chapter 8, provides a comprehensive framework for responding to drought and other water supply shortage conditions. The WSCP establishes staged response actions that reduce water demand, prioritize essential water uses, and maintain reliable service during periods of reduced water availability. In addition, the City conducts an Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment to evaluate projected water supplies, anticipated demands, and the need for implementing appropriate shortage response actions.
The City also coordinates closely with the USBR and other regional water agencies regarding water supply conditions, CVP operations, and anticipated water allocations. This coordination, together with continued implementation of conservation programs, infrastructure improvements, and DMMs, supports the efficient use of the City's available water supplies and enhances long-term water supply reliability.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 69 7.3. Drought Risk Assessment
CWC Section 10612
“Drought Risk Assessment” means a method that examines water shortage risks based on the driest five-year historic sequence for the agency’s water supply, as described in subdivision (b) of Section 10635.
CWC Section 10635(b)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk assessment for its water service to its customers as part of information considered in developing the demand management measures and water supply projects and programs to be included in the urban water management plan. The urban water supplier may conduct an interim update or updates to this drought risk assessment within the five-year cycle of its urban water management plan update. The drought risk assessment shall include each of the following:
(1) A description of the data, methodology, and basis for one or more supply shortage conditions that are necessary to conduct a drought risk assessment for a drought period that lasts five consecutive water years, starting from the year following when the assessment is conducted. (2) A determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions. This may include a determination that a particular source of water supply is fully reliable under most, if not all, conditions.
(3) A comparison of the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water use for the drought period.
(4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.
In accordance with CWC Sections 10612 and 10635(b), the City has prepared a DRA as part of this 2025 UWMP to evaluate the reliability of its water supplies under a drought lasting five consecutive years. The DRA was originally developed for the 2020 UWMP and has been reevaluated and updated for this 2025 UWMP to incorporate the most recent data, revised assumptions, and current regulatory and planning considerations. The DRA is intended to assess potential water supply shortages and to inform the development of DMMs, water improvement projects, and operational strategies.
The DRA presented in this section provides a forward-looking evaluation of water supply reliability over a five-year period beginning in the year following preparation of this 2025 UWMP. This assessment considers the relationship between projected water supplies and unconstrained water demands under extended drought conditions, as well as relevant factors such as historical hydrology, regulatory considerations, and local operational conditions. The DRA may be updated by the City outside of the UWMP cycle as new data becomes available or conditions change.
7.3.1. Data, Methodology, and Basis of Analysis
The DRA presented in Table 7-5 evaluates the City’s water supply reliability under a representative fiveconsecutive dry year scenario. The analysis is based on a planning-level comparison of projected water supplies and unconstrained demands, consistent with DWR guidance.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 70 The following data, assumptions, and methodology were used in preparation of the City’s DRA:
• The representative five-year drought sequence for this 2025 UWMP is based on the recent extended drought period from 2018 through 2022, during which hydrologic conditions throughout California significantly reduced surface water availability. As the City of Coalinga relies exclusively on imported CVP surface water for its potable water supply, extended drought conditions may result in reduced water deliveries from the USBR. Based on historical operational data and recent drought conditions, the City's potable water supply is projected to decline by an average of approximately 10 percent over the representative five-year drought period. • Projected potable water supplies during the representative five-year drought scenario are assumed to decrease incrementally relative to normal-year conditions to reflect progressively reduced CVP water deliveries associated with prolonged drought conditions. Reductions of approximately 7 percent in Year 1, 23 percent in Year 2, 36 percent in Year 3, 47 percent in Year 4, and 56 percent in Year 5 are applied. These assumptions are consistent with the City’s reliability analysis presented in Section 7.2 and represent a conservative planning approach. • Projected water demands during the drought period are based on unconstrained demand projections presented in Table 4-5 (Section 4.2.5) of this UWMP, consistent with DWR guidance requiring that drought risk be evaluated without assuming demand reductions prior to implementation of shortage response actions.
• Projected demands are compared with available supplies to identify potential supply shortfalls during the representative five-year drought sequence and to evaluate the effectiveness of the City's WSCP. The analysis assumes that projected supply shortfalls would be addressed through implementation of the appropriate WSCP shortage response stage based on the magnitude of the anticipated shortage. The specific shortage stage implemented would be determined through the City's AWSDA and the actual water supply conditions occurring at that time. The conservation measures and response actions associated with each shortage stage are described in Chapter 8. • For purposes of this analysis, projected supply shortfalls are assumed to be fully offset through the demand reduction measures associated with the applicable WSCP shortage stage. No additional water supply augmentation projects are assumed during the representative drought sequence. This planning approach reflects the City's reliance on imported CVP water supplies and demonstrates the effectiveness of the City's demand management and shortage response measures in maintaining a balance between projected water supplies and projected water demands during extended drought conditions.
Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment (Submittal Table 7-5) 2026 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 2,318
Total Supplies (MG) 2,147
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) (172)
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) 0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 172
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 0
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 71 Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment (Submittal Table 7-5) 2027 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 2,339
Total Supplies (MG) 1,800
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) (539)
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) -
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 539
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 0
2028 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 2,361
Total Supplies (MG) 1,509
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) (851)
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) -
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 851
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 0
2029 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 2,383
Total Supplies (MG) 1,266
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) (1,117)
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) -
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 1,117
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 0
2030 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 2,405
Total Supplies (MG) 1,062
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) (1,343)
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) -
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 1,343
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 0
The results of the DRA demonstrate that, while significant water supply shortfalls may occur during an extended drought in the absence of management actions, implementation of the City's WSCP provides a framework for reducing water demand and responding to projected supply shortages. Through continued implementation of water conservation programs, demand management measures, AWSDAs, and the staged response actions identified in the WSCP, the City is better positioned to maintain reliable water service during extended drought conditions. The City will also continue to coordinate with the USBR City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 72 regarding CVP water supply conditions and deliveries to support ongoing water supply planning and operational decision-making.
7.3.2. Water Supply Determination
As previously stated, the City of Coalinga relies exclusively on imported surface water provided through its long-term water service contract with the USBR for CVP water to meet its potable water demands. The reliability of the City's water supply is dependent upon the availability of CVP water deliveries, which may be affected by hydrologic conditions, reservoir storage, regulatory requirements, and operational constraints.
For purposes of the DRA, conservative assumptions were applied to evaluate the potential effects of prolonged drought conditions on available water supplies. These assumptions reflect the potential for reduced CVP water deliveries during an extended drought and are intended to evaluate the City's vulnerability to water supply shortages and the effectiveness of the response actions identified in the City's W WSCP.
7.3.3. Supply and Demand Comparison
Projected water supplies and demands during the representative five-year drought period were compared to evaluate potential water supply shortfalls under extended drought conditions. As shown in Table 7-5, projected water demands exceed available water supplies in each year of the drought sequence if no water shortage response actions are implemented. Projected supply shortfalls range from approximately 172 MG in the first year to 1,343 MG by the fifth year, reflecting the increasing severity of the assumed drought conditions.
For purposes of the DRA, these projected shortfalls are assumed to be offset through implementation of the City's WSCP. The analysis assumes that demand reductions achieved through the applicable WSCP shortage response actions are sufficient to eliminate the projected deficits, resulting in a balanced supply and demand condition throughout the representative drought period. No additional water supply augmentation is assumed as part of this analysis.
The specific shortage response stage implemented during an actual drought would be determined through the City's AWSDA and would be based on the magnitude of the projected shortage, available CVP water supplies, and other operational considerations. This analysis demonstrates the importance of the City's WSCP as a planning tool for responding to potential water supply shortages during prolonged drought conditions through staged demand reduction measures and other drought response actions.
7.3.4. Consideration of Climate Change and Other Factors Consistent with CWC Section 10635(b)(4), the DRA considers factors that may influence future water supply reliability, including:
• Historical drought hydrology, as represented by the representative five-year drought sequence identified in this UWMP (2018-2022).
• Potential impacts of climate change, including increased temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, reduced snowpack, altered runoff timing, and more frequent and prolonged droughts that may affect CVP water availability.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 7 – Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 73 • Regulatory and operational factors affecting imported water supplies, including water allocation decisions by the USBR, environmental regulations, reservoir operations, and conveyance system constraints that may influence CVP water deliveries.
• Local operational conditions, including water treatment capacity, storage facilities, distribution system reliability, aging infrastructure, and the City's ability to implement water conservation measures and WSCP response actions.
While climate change introduces uncertainty regarding future hydrologic conditions and the availability of imported water supplies, the City will continue to evaluate water supply conditions through its AWSDA and implement appropriate response actions as necessary. Continued coordination with the USBR, implementation of the City's DMMs, and execution of the WSCP will help support long-term water supply reliability and resiliency under changing climate conditions.
7.3.5. Summary of Findings
The results of the DRA indicate that, under the representative five-year drought scenario, the City would experience projected water supply shortfalls in each year of the drought sequence if no water shortage response actions were implemented. The projected shortfalls increase over time, reflecting the cumulative effects of prolonged drought conditions on available CVP water supplies.
For purposes of the DRA, the projected supply shortfalls are assumed to be offset through implementation of the demand reduction measures identified in the City's WSCP. This planning analysis demonstrates the importance of the City's conservation programs, DMMs, AWSDA, and staged drought response actions in addressing potential water supply shortages during extended drought conditions.
Overall, the DRA provides a framework for evaluating the City's vulnerability to prolonged drought and supports informed planning to maintain reliable water service under a range of future hydrologic conditions.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
74 CHAPTER 8 - WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
CWC Section 10632.3
It is the intent of the Legislature that, upon proclamation by the Governor of a state of emergency under the California Emergency Services Act (Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 8550) of Division 1 of Title 2 of the Government Code) based on drought conditions, the board defer to implementation of locally adopted water shortage contingency plans to the extent practicable.
The City of Coalinga's WSCP has been prepared in accordance with CWC Section 10632.3 and consistent with guidance provided in the 2025 UWMP Guidebook. The WSCP establishes a comprehensive and actionable framework for responding to water supply shortages and interruptions, including both extended drought conditions and sudden catastrophic supply events.
The WSCP updates and replaces the contingency plan originally adopted as part of the City's 2020 UWMP by incorporating current water demand information, updated water supply reliability analyses, revised drought risk assessments, and the most recent operational and planning information available to the City.
Although incorporated within this UWMP, the WSCP is intended to function as a stand-alone operational planning document that may be implemented independently whenever water shortage conditions warrant.
The technical foundation for this WSCP is provided by the Water Service Reliability Assessment (WSRA) and DRA presented in Chapter 7. Those analyses evaluate the reliability of the City's water supplies under normal, single dry-year, multiple dry-year, and extended drought conditions and identify potential supply shortages that may occur under a range of hydrologic and operational scenarios. The findings of those analyses establish the basis for the City's shortage response framework and the corresponding demand reduction and supply management actions presented in this chapter.
Consistent with CWC Section 10632.3, the WSCP establishes six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive reductions in available water supply and defines locally appropriate shortage response actions for each level. The plan also includes procedures for conducting annual water supply and demand assessments, as required under CWC Section 10632.1, which support ongoing evaluation of water supply conditions and inform the need for potential WSCP activation or adjustment.
The primary objective of the WSCP is to ensure that the City can effectively manage water supply shortages while protecting public health and safety, minimizing economic impacts, and preserving environmental and community resources. The WSCP also establishes communication protocols, monitoring and reporting procedures, enforcement mechanisms, and a process for periodic refinement to ensure the plan remains effective under changing conditions.
This WSCP will serve as the City’s primary framework for responding to water shortages and will be implemented during locally declared water shortage conditions, regional or county emergency declarations, or statewide drought emergencies, consistent with applicable laws and regulations. As noted in the CWC, it is the intent of the Legislature that, during a declared drought emergency, locally adopted water shortage contingency plans such as this be implemented to the extent practicable.
The elements of the WSCP presented in this chapter are organized to address all requirements of CWC Section 10632, including water supply reliability analysis, annual assessment procedures, shortage levels, City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
75 response actions, communication protocols, compliance and enforcement, legal authorities, financial considerations, monitoring and reporting, and plan refinement.
8.1. Water Supply Reliability Analysis
CWC Section 10632(a)(1)
The analysis of water supply reliability conducted pursuant to Section 10635.
CWC Section 10632.5.(a)
In addition to the requirements of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632, beginning January 1, 2020, the plan shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan to assess the vulnerability of each of the various facilities of a water system and mitigate those vulnerabilities.
The City of Coalinga relies primarily on imported surface water purchased from the USBR through the CVP to meet potable and non-potable water demands within its service area. Water is conveyed to the City through the CVP and treated at the City's surface WTP prior to distribution to customersfor potable water use. Due to poor groundwater quality, the City does not utilize any groundwater sources for potable water operations. As discussed in Chapter 7, the reliability of the City's water supply is therefore largely dependent upon the availability of CVP allocations, hydrologic conditions within the Sacramento-San Joaquin watershed, the operational reliability of the State and federal water conveyance systems, and the City's treatment, storage, and distribution infrastructure.
Potential water shortage conditions affecting the City may result from a variety of factors, including:
• Reduced CVP water allocations resulting from drought or hydrologic conditions. • Regulatory restrictions affecting operation of the CVP or Delta conveyance facilities. • Interruptions in imported water deliveries caused by conveyance system maintenance or infrastructure failures.
• Water quality incidents affecting the City's source water or treatment facilities. • Electrical power outages affecting treatment or distribution operations. • Mechanical failure of treatment facilities, pumps, storage reservoirs, or transmission and distribution infrastructure.
• Seismic events or other catastrophic emergencies affecting critical water system facilities. • Increased customer demands during prolonged periods of hot and dry weather.
The City has established policies and procedures to manage water supplies during normal, drought, and emergency conditions through its WSCP, which was originally developed during the 2020 UWMP reporting cycle and has been updated as part of the 2025 UWMP. Consistent with State requirements, the WSCP establishes six standard water shortage levels corresponding to increasing degrees of supply deficiency relative to normal conditions. Each shortage level includes specific demand reduction measures, water use restrictions, operational actions, communication protocols, and enforcement procedures intended to maintain water system reliability and protect public health and safety. Implementation of shortage response actions is cumulative, such that higher shortage levels incorporate the response measures of preceding levels as appropriate.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
76 The City's water supply reliability assessment and DRA presented in Chapter 7 indicate that the City is expected to maintain reliable water service under normal-year, single dry-year, and multiple dry-year conditions through implementation of its existing water management strategies and, when necessary, the staged demand reduction measures identified in this WSCP. While the DRA projects water supply shortfalls under extended drought conditions due to reduced CVP water allocations, these projected shortages are assumed to be addressed through implementation of the City's WSCP response actions. The City will continue to evaluate available water supplies annually through the ASWDAs and, as warranted, implement the appropriate shortage response stage to maintain reliable water service while protecting available water supplies.
Accordingly, this WSCP provides a structured and adaptive framework for responding to water shortages through staged conservation measures, operational modifications, public outreach, and emergency response actions. The City will continue to evaluate water supply and demand conditions annually pursuant to CWC Section 10632.1 through preparation of its Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment (AWSDA). Based on the results of these annual assessments, the City will determine whether implementation, modification, or termination of a water shortage stage is warranted to maintain a reliable and sustainable water supply while protecting public health, safety, and essential community services.
Consistent with CWC Section 10632.5(a), the City has also evaluated potential seismic risks to the water system. Seismic events have the potential to damage critical water system infrastructure, including raw water conveyance facilities, the surface WTP, transmission pipelines, storage reservoirs, pumping facilities, electrical equipment, and the distribution system, resulting in temporary service interruptions or reduced system capacity. To improve system resiliency and minimize the impacts of emergency events, the City continues to implement routine infrastructure inspection and maintenance, preventive equipment replacement, emergency response planning, operator training, and system monitoring. The City will continue to evaluate opportunities to improve operational redundancy and enhance the resiliency of critical water infrastructure as future capital improvement projects are implemented.
8.2. Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Procedures CWC Section 10632(a)(2)
The procedures used in conducting an annual water supply and demand assessment that include, at a minimum, both of the following:
(A) The written decision-making process that an urban water supplier will use each year to determine its water supply reliability.
(B) The key data inputs and assessment methodology used to evaluate the urban water supplier’s water supply reliability for the current year and one dry year, including all of the following:
(i) Current year unconstrained demand, considering weather, growth, and other influencing factors, such as policies to manage current supplies to meet demand objectives in future years, as applicable. (ii) Current year available supply, considering hydrological and regulatory conditions in the current year and one dry year. The annual supply and demand assessment may consider more than one dry year solely at the discretion of the urban water supplier. (iii) Existing infrastructure capabilities and plausible constraints.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
77 (iv) A defined set of locally applicable evaluation criteria that are consistently relied upon for each annual water supply and demand assessment.
(v) A description and quantification of each source of water supply.
CWC Section 10632.1.
An urban water supplier shall conduct an annual water supply and demand assessment pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and, on or before July 1 of each year, submit an annual water shortage assessment report to the department with information for anticipated shortage, triggered shortage response actions, compliance and enforcement actions, and communication actions consistent with the supplier’s water shortage contingency plan. An urban water supplier that relies on imported water from the State Water Project or the Bureau of Reclamation shall submit its annual water supply and demand assessment within 14 days of receiving its final allocations, or by July 1 of each year, whichever is later.
The City conducts an AWSDA each fiscal year to evaluate current and anticipated water supply reliability conditions and determine whether implementation of water shortage response actions under the WSCP is necessary. The AWSDA is prepared in accordance with CWC Sections 10632(a)(2) and 10632.1 and serves as the basis for determining the appropriate water shortage response level for the City’s water system.
Because the City relies primarily on imported surface water supplied by the USBR through the CVP, the AWSDA focuses on evaluating anticipated CVP water allocations, current hydrologic and regulatory conditions, projected customer demands, operational capabilities of the City's treatment and distribution system, and other factors that may affect the City's ability to reliably meet water demands. The AWSDA provides a proactive evaluation of near-term water supply conditions to ensure that potential shortages are identified early, and appropriate response actions are implemented in a timely manner.
The AWSDA includes the following components:
• Data and Methodologies
• Evaluation Criteria
• Description of Water System
• Unconstrained Customer Demand
• Infrastructure Considerations
• Other Factors
• Water Supply and Demand Evaluation
These components provide a consistent and repeatable framework for evaluating the City's water supply reliability from year to year. The assessment compares projected unconstrained customer demands with anticipated available water supplies while considering hydrologic conditions, regulatory requirements, infrastructure capabilities, and other operational factors that may influence the City's ability to reliably meet customer demands.
8.2.1. Decision Making Process
The City follows a structured decision-making process each year to evaluate the reliability of its available water supplies and determine whether implementation of a water shortage response stage is warranted.
The annual assessment is coordinated by the Public Works Department using the most current City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
78 information available regarding water supplies, customer demands, hydrologic conditions, infrastructure capabilities, and regulatory requirements.
The annual assessment process begins with the collection and review of current operational data, including projected customer water demands, anticipated CVP allocations, water production records, treatment and distribution system performance, and any operational or regulatory conditions that may affect water supply reliability. Based on the results of the assessment, City staff compare projected water demands with anticipated available supplies to determine whether a water shortage is expected to occur.
If the assessment indicates that available supplies are expected to be insufficient to meet projected demands, staff evaluate the magnitude of the anticipated shortage and identify the appropriate water shortage response stage consistent with the shortage levels established in this WSCP.
The results of the annual assessment are reviewed by City management and used to determine whether implementation, continuation, modification, or termination of a water shortage response stage is appropriate. If implementation of a shortage stage is recommended, the City Council is provided with the assessment findings and considers activation of the corresponding water shortage response actions described in this WSCP. Following completion of the annual assessment, the City submits the required AWSDA worksheet to DWR in accordance with CWC Section 10632.1.
8.2.2. Data and Methodologies
The AWSDA is prepared each year to evaluate the reliability of the City's available water supplies for the current fiscal year while considering conditions that could affect water supply availability. The AWSDA is prepared in accordance with CWC Sections 10632(a)(2) and 10632.1 and provides the technical basis for determining whether implementation of a WSCP shortage level is warranted. The assessment methodology is applied consistently from year to year while incorporating the most current operational, hydrologic, climatic, and regulatory information available.
The AWSDA evaluates the City's projected water demands and compares them with the water supplies expected to be available under both current-year and dry-year conditions. Because the City relies primarily on imported surface water supplied by the USBR through the CVP, the assessment places particular emphasis on anticipated CVP allocations, hydrologic conditions, regulatory constraints affecting CVP operations, and the operational capability of the City's water treatment and distribution system.
To support this evaluation, the AWSDA incorporates the most current information available regarding water supplies, customer demands, and system operations. Data reviewed as part of the annual assessment may include:
• Current and projected CVP allocations and contractual water supplies; • Historical and current monthly water production and customer demand data; • Population estimates, service area growth, and land use projections; • Weather, precipitation, and hydrologic conditions;
• Water quality conditions that could affect source availability or treatment operations; • Recently completed studies, planning documents, and applicable regulatory requirements; • Existing and planned water system improvements, including treatment, storage, transmission, and distribution facilities;
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
79 • Operational issues encountered during the previous year, such as facility outages, pipeline failures, maintenance activities, or other infrastructure constraints; and • Other local or regional factors that could potentially influence the reliability of the City's water supply.
Using these data, the City develops an estimate of unconstrained customer demand, representing the anticipated water demand that would occur in the absence of mandatory water shortage restrictions.
Demand projections are developed using historical water use trends, population growth, seasonal demand patterns, weather conditions, and other factors affecting water consumption. The methodology remains generally consistent with the demand forecasting approach presented in Chapter 4 of this UWMP to ensure consistency between long-term planning and annual shortage assessments.
The City compares projected unconstrained customer demand with the estimated available water supply to determine whether sufficient supplies exist to meet anticipated demands while maintaining adequate reliability. If projected demands exceed available supplies, or if other operational or regulatory conditions indicate that supplies may become constrained, the City evaluates the anticipated magnitude of the shortage and identifies the appropriate WSCP shortage level using the criteria established in Section 8.3.
The results of the AWSDA form the basis for determining whether to implement, modify, continue, or terminate water shortage response actions.
The methodology is updated annually using the most recent operational data and planning information to ensure that the City's water shortage response decisions reflect current conditions and remain consistent with this UWMP, applicable regulatory requirements, and evolving water supply conditions.
8.3. Six Standard Water Shortage Stages
CWC Section 10632(a)(3)
(A) Six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive ranges of up to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent shortages and greater than 50 percent shortage. Urban water suppliers shall define these shortage levels based on the suppliers’ water supply conditions, including percentage reductions in water supply, changes in groundwater levels, changes in surface elevation or level of subsidence, or other changes in hydrological or other local conditions indicative of the water supply available for use.
Shortage levels shall also apply to catastrophic interruption of water supplies, including, but not limited to, a regional power outage, an earthquake, and other potential emergency events. (B) An urban water supplier with an existing water shortage contingency plan that uses different water shortage levels may comply with the requirement in subparagraph (A) by developing and including a cross-reference relating its existing categories to the six standard water shortage levels.
In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(3), the City’s WSCP includes six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive reductions in available water supply of up to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent, and greater than 50 percent relative to normal water supply conditions. These standardized shortage levels provide a consistent framework for evaluating water supply reliability, implementing appropriate response actions, and communicating water shortage conditions to customers, regulatory agencies, and the public.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
80 Implantation of the City's water shortage levels are determined by the AWSDA described in Section 8.2 and are based on the relationship between projected unconstrained customer demands and the quantity of water expected to be available to the City. Because the City relies primarily on imported surface water supplied by the USBR through the CVP, evaluation of the appropriate shortage level considers anticipated CVP allocations, hydrologic conditions, regulatory requirements, contractual water supplies, treatment and distribution system capabilities, and other operational factors that may affect the City's ability to reliably meet customer demands.
Water shortage stages may be triggered by a variety of circumstances, including, but not limited to:
• Reduced CVP allocations resulting from drought or hydrologic conditions; • Regulatory restrictions affecting CVP operations or imported water deliveries; • Interruptions to imported water supplies caused by conveyance system failures or maintenance activities;
• Water quality conditions affecting source water availability or treatment operations; • Mechanical failures of treatment, pumping, storage, transmission, or distribution facilities; • Electrical power outages or other operational disruptions; and • Catastrophic events, including earthquakes, wildfires, flooding, or other emergencies that significantly impair the City's ability to provide reliable water service.
Each water shortage level represents an increasing degree of anticipated supply deficiency and corresponds to progressively more stringent demand reduction measures, operational adjustments, public outreach efforts, and compliance and enforcement actions described in Sections 8.4 through 8.10.
Implementation of shortage response actions is cumulative, such that measures implemented during higher shortage stages include the applicable actions from preceding stages unless otherwise specified.
The City's WSCP, originally adopted with the 2020 UWMP and updated as part of this 2025 UWMP, utilizes the six standard water shortage levels established by the UWMPA. Accordingly, no cross-reference to an alternative water shortage staging system is required. Table 8-1 identifies the correspondence between the City's WSCP stages and the standard water shortage levels required by CWC Section 10632(a)(3).
Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels (Submittal Table 8-1) ☒
Check the box if the Supplier uses the Standard six
levels of water shortage.
Standard Shortage Levels Percent Shortage
Range Shortage Levels Percent Shortage Range
1 Up to 10% 1 Up to 10%
2 Up to 20% 2 Up to 20%
3 Up to 30% 3 Up to 30%
4 Up to 40% 4 Up to 40%
5 Up to 50% 5 Up to 50%
6 >50% 6 >50%
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
81 8.4. Shortage Response Actions
CWC Section 10632 (a)(4)
Shortage response actions that align with the defined shortage levels and include, at a minimum, all of the following:
(A) Locally appropriate supply augmentation actions.
(B) Locally appropriate demand reduction actions to adequately respond to shortages. (C) Locally appropriate operational changes.
(D) Additional, mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices that are in addition to statemandated prohibitions and appropriate to the local conditions. (E) For each action, an estimate of the extent to which the gap between supplies and demand will be reduced by implementation of the action
CWC Section 10632.2
An urban water supplier shall follow, where feasible and appropriate, the prescribed procedures and implement determined shortage response actions in its water shortage contingency plan, as identified in subdivision (a) of Section 10632, or reasonable alternative actions, provided that descriptions of the alternative actions are submitted with the annual water shortage assessment report pursuant to Section 10632.1. Nothing in this section prohibits an urban water supplier from taking actions not specified in its water shortage contingency plan, if needed, without having to formally amend its urban water management plan or water shortage contingency plan.
In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(4), this section describes the shortage response actions that the City may implement for each defined water shortage level. These actions are designed to reduce the gap between available water supplies and projected unconstrained demand while minimizing social, economic, and environmental impacts to the community.
Because the City relies exclusively on imported surface water supplied by the USBR through the CVP, the City's shortage response actions are designed to address conditions that may reduce the availability or reliability of imported water supplies. Such conditions may include reduced CVP allocations resulting from drought, hydrologic or regulatory constraints, interruptions in imported water deliveries, water quality concerns, treatment or distribution system limitations, or catastrophic events affecting the City's water system.
The City's response strategy consists of a combination of locally appropriate demand reduction measures, operational modifications, supply management actions, public outreach, and mandatory water use restrictions. These actions are intended to achieve the demand reduction necessary to offset anticipated supply shortages while maintaining essential public health, safety, and fire protection services.
Water shortage response actions are implemented using a staged, cumulative approach. As shortage conditions become more severe, the response measures associated with each preceding shortage stage remain in effect unless otherwise modified by the City. The specific actions implemented during a water shortage event will depend on the severity, duration, and cause of the shortage, as determined through the AWSDA described in Section 8.2.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
82 Consistent with CWC Section 10632.2, the City may implement alternative or additional actions not specifically identified in this WSCP, as necessary to effectively respond to water shortage conditions. Any such actions will be documented and reported as part of the AWSDA report submitted to DWR.
Table 8-2 summarizes the six standard water shortage levels and corresponding severity classifications utilized by the City. The shortage levels are based on the estimated reduction in available water supplies relative to normal supply conditions and may also be triggered by operational disruptions, infrastructure failures, water quality concerns, regulatory actions, or catastrophic emergencies that affect the City’s ability to reliably meet customer demands.
Water Shortage Contingency Plan Levels
Shortage Level
Percent
Shortage
Range
Severity Shortage Response Actions
1 Up to 10% Potential
Shortage
Minor reductions in available water supplies
resulting from reduced CVP allocations, short-term
operational constraints, or other conditions
indicating the potential for future shortages.
2 Up to 20% Minor
Shortage
Reduced imported water supplies or operational
limitations requiring implementation of additional
conservation measures to maintain system
reliability.
3 Up to 30% Moderate
Shortage
Significant reductions in available water supplies
resulting from prolonged drought, reduced CVP
allocations, water quality concerns, or
infrastructure limitations affecting system
operations.
4 Up to 40% Severe
Shortage
Severe supply shortages caused by prolonged
drought, substantial reductions in imported water
deliveries, major infrastructure constraints, or
emergency operating conditions.
5 Up to 50% Critical
Shortage
Critical water supply conditions requiring
substantial demand reductions because of major
supply interruptions, extended drought, or
significant operational failures affecting water
delivery.
6 > 50%
Extreme
Emergency
Shortage
Catastrophic interruption of water supplies or
water system operations resulting from major
infrastructure failures, earthquakes, regional
power outages, contamination events, or other
emergency conditions requiring extraordinary
response actions.
Table 8-3 identifies the target demand reduction associated with each shortage level, which reflects the estimated reduction needed to address the supply-demand imbalance. The specific response actions City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
83 associated with each shortage level, including demand reduction, supply augmentation, operational changes, and prohibitions, are presented in Table 8-6.
Water Usage Reduction by Stage
Shortage
Level
Mandatory or
Voluntary Percent
Demand Reduction
Severity
1 5% Potential Shortage
2 10% Minor Shortage
3 20% Moderate Shortage
4 30% Severe Shortage
5 50% Critical Shortage
6 60% Extreme Emergency Shortage
8.4.1. Supply Augmentation
Consistent with the City's 2022 WSCP, opportunities to augment potable water supplies during a water shortage are limited due to the City's reliance on imported surface water supplied by the USBR. Unlike agencies with multiple independent water sources, the City has limited ability to develop new short-term supplies during drought or emergency conditions. As a result, the City's primary strategy for addressing water shortages is implementation of staged demand reduction measures and operational practices that maximize the efficient use of available supplies.
Although opportunities are limited, the City will continue to evaluate feasible supply augmentation measures that may improve water supply reliability during severe shortages. These measures include expanding public information efforts to encourage voluntary conservation and, when feasible and economically practical, pursuing temporary water transfers with other eligible CVP contractors. Because the availability, timing, and quantity of transferable water cannot be guaranteed, temporary transfers are not relied upon when determining the City's shortage stages but may provide supplemental supplies during severe or prolonged shortages.
Table 8-4 summarizes the supply augmentation and other actions that may be implemented during each water shortage level, together with the estimated reduction in the supply-demand gap, where practicable.
Supply Augmentation and Other Actions (Submittal Table 8-2) Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Supply
Augmentation
Methods and
Other Actions by
Water Supplier
How much is this going to reduce the
shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
1-6
Expand Public
Information
Campaign
Percentage 1-2
Expanded customer outreach, education,
and conservation messaging support
voluntary conservation and improve
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
84 Supply Augmentation and Other Actions (Submittal Table 8-2) Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Supply
Augmentation
Methods and
Other Actions by
Water Supplier
How much is this going to reduce the
shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
participation in water use efficiency
measures during all shortage stages.
4-6 Transfers Volume (MG) 980
When feasible, the City may pursue
temporary water transfers with other
eligible USBR CVP contractors, including
San Luis Unit contractors and agricultural
water users. Because the quantity and
availability of transferable water cannot
be assured, these transfers are not relied
upon when establishing shortage stages
but may supplement available supplies
during severe shortages.
8.4.2. Demand Reductions
Demand reduction actions are the primary means by which the City responds to water shortage conditions. Consistent with CWC Section 10632(a)(4), the City's WSCP establishes a progressive series of conservation measures intended to reduce customer water demands while maintaining essential public health, safety, sanitation, and fire protection services.
The demand reduction measures presented in this section are based on the conservation requirements contained in the City's adopted WSCP and Section 6-4C of the Coalinga Municipal Code. These measures have been reorganized and updated to correspond with the six standard water shortage levels required by the UWMPA while maintaining consistency with the City's existing conservation ordinance and adopted water shortage response policies.
The City of Coalinga relies primarily on imported surface water delivered through the CVP; therefore, demand management remains the most effective and reliable method for responding to reductions in available water supplies. As water shortage conditions become more severe, the City will implement increasingly stringent conservation measures to reduce potable water demands, preserve available supplies, and maintain reliable water service.
The City's demand reduction strategy is implemented in a progressive and cumulative manner. Each successive water shortage level incorporates the measures from the preceding levels unless otherwise modified by the City Council. The effectiveness of implemented conservation measures will be evaluated through ongoing monitoring of water production, customer demand, CVP allocations, and overall system performance. Based on the results of the AWSDA, the City may implement additional measures, relax existing restrictions, or transition between shortage levels as conditions warrant.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
85 The six standard water shortage levels correspond generally to the three conservation stages established by Section 6-4C of the Coalinga Municipal Code, as summarized below:
• WSCP Stage 1 (Potential Shortage) corresponds to the City's Standard Conservation Alert and emphasizes year-round water conservation, public education, repair of water leaks, limitations on irrigation during peak daytime hours, prohibitions on wasteful water use, and restrictions on decorative fountains and unauthorized hydrant use. Customers are encouraged to achieve an overall voluntary reduction in water use of approximately five percent. • WSCP Stages 2 and 3 (Minor and Moderate Shortages) generally correspond to the City's High Water Conservation Alert. During these stages, mandatory outdoor irrigation schedules, restrictions on swimming pool filling, limitations on irrigation of commercial landscapes, restaurants serving water only upon request, and other mandatory conservation measures are implemented to achieve the City's target demand reductions. • WSCP Stages 4 through 6 (Severe, Critical, and Extreme Emergency Shortages) generally correspond to the City's Emergency Water Conservation Alert. During these stages, nearly all nonessential outdoor water uses may be prohibited, including landscape irrigation except for limited health and safety purposes, restrictions on commercial landscape irrigation, and prohibitions on filling swimming pools and other decorative water features. In addition, pursuant to Section 6-4C.11 of the Municipal Code, the City Council may adopt additional mandatory water use restrictions and emergency conservation measures, as necessary, to respond to severe drought conditions, catastrophic infrastructure failures, or other emergency water supply conditions.
Violations of the City's water conservation requirements are subject to the enforcement provisions established in Section 6-4C.09 of the Municipal Code, including written warnings, escalating fines, installation of flow restricting devices, discontinuation of water service, and other remedies authorized by the Municipal Code.
Table 8-5 summarizes the demand reduction actions that may be implemented under each of the six standard water shortage levels, including the estimated reduction in the supply-demand gap, and corresponding provisions of Section 6-4C of the Coalinga Municipal Code.
Demand Reduction Actions (Submittal Table 8-3)
Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap? Additional Explanation or
Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
1-6
Other - Prohibit use
of potable water for
washing hard
surfaces
Percentage 1-2
Prohibits washing sidewalks,
driveways, parking areas,
patios, and similar hard
surfaces with potable water
except as necessary for
health and safety. Municipal
Code §6-4C.06(a).
Yes
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
86 Demand Reduction Actions (Submittal Table 8-3)
Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap? Additional Explanation or
Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
1-6
Water Features -
Restrict water use
for decorative water
features, such as
fountains
Percentage <1
Decorative fountains shall
use only recirculating water
systems. Municipal Code §6-
4C.06(b).
Yes
1-6
Other - Customers
must repair leaks,
breaks, and
malfunctions in a
timely manner
Percentage 1-3
Customers must repair leaks
within 72 hours after written
notification by the City.
Municipal Code §6-4C.06(c).
Yes
1-6
Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation
to specific times
Percentage 2-5
Irrigation prohibited
between 10:00 a.m. and 6:00
p.m.; handheld hoses with
shut-off nozzles exempt.
Municipal Code §6-4C.06(d).
Yes
1-6 Other Percentage <1
Hydrant use limited to
firefighting and authorized
construction uses. Municipal
Code §6-4C.06(e).
Yes
2-6
Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation
to specific days
Percentage 5-10
Irrigation limited to
designated days and times;
no irrigation Sundays,
Mondays, or Thursdays.
Municipal Code §6-4C.07(c).
Yes
2-6
Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation
to specific days
Percentage 1-3
Commercial nurseries, golf
courses, and other waterdependent industries limited
to irrigation every other day
during nighttime hours
unless recycled water is
used. Municipal Code §6-
4C.07(b).
Yes
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
87 Demand Reduction Actions (Submittal Table 8-3)
Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap? Additional Explanation or
Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
2-6
Other water feature
or swimming pool
restriction
Percentage <1
Filling or refilling swimming
pools requires City approval
and is limited to designated
irrigation days. Municipal
Code §6-4C.07(d).
Yes
2-6
CII - Restaurants
may only serve
water upon request
Percentage <1
Restaurants shall serve
drinking water only upon
customer request. Municipal
Code §6-4C.07(e).
Yes
3-6
Landscape - Prohibit
all landscape
irrigation
Percentage 10-20
Outdoor irrigation prohibited
except for minimal watering
using a handheld hose
equipped with a shut-off
nozzle. Municipal Code §6-
4C.08(b).
Yes
3-6
Landscape - Prohibit
certain types of
landscape irrigation
Percentage 1-3
Commercial nurseries, golf
courses, and other waterdependent industries limited
to handheld hose use only.
Municipal Code §6-4C.08(c).
Yes
4-6
Other water feature
or swimming pool
restriction
Percentage <1
Filling or refilling swimming
pools, spas, and similar
features prohibited except as
necessary for maintenance.
Municipal Code §6-4C.08(d).
Yes
4-6 Other Percentage 20-30
The City Council may adopt
additional mandatory water
use restrictions or water use
limits during declared
drought emergencies
pursuant to Municipal Code
§6-4C.11 and CWC Section
350.
Yes
8.4.3. Operational Changes
During water shortage conditions, the City’s operations may be modified to support implementation of demand reduction measures and maintain reliable water service. Operational changes will be City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
88 implemented based on the severity of the shortage level and corresponding reduction targets.
Operational changes are intended to support implementation of the City's demand reduction measures while maintaining reliable and efficient operation of the potable water system during water shortage conditions. The specific operational changes implemented will depend on the severity and anticipated duration of the shortage, available CVP water supplies, treatment plant operations, and overall system conditions.
As part of the AWSDA process, the City will evaluate existing operational procedures to identify opportunities to improve water use efficiency, optimize available water supplies, and maintain system reliability during drought and emergency conditions. Operational changes are implemented in conjunction with the demand reduction measures described in Section 8.4.2 and may be modified as conditions warrant. These operational measures may include, but are not limited to, the following:
• Expand public information and customer outreach efforts to communicate current water supply conditions, conservation requirements, and available water efficiency resources. • Coordinate with the USBR regarding CVP water allocations, delivery schedules, and other operational considerations affecting imported water supplies. • Optimize operation of the City's water treatment plant, storage facilities, and distribution system to maximize the efficient use of available water supplies. • Defer or modify non-essential system maintenance activities, where feasible, to maintain maximum treatment and delivery capacity during periods of reduced water supply. • Limit water main and fire hydrant flushing activities to those necessary to maintain water quality, regulatory compliance, fire protection, and public health and safety. • Verify the accuracy of treatment and customer water meters to improve water accounting and reduce apparent water losses.
• Increase monitoring of water system operations to identify leaks, excessive water use, or other operational inefficiencies and prioritize repairs that improve system reliability. • Monitor construction water use and authorized hydrant meter use to ensure compliance with City requirements and minimize unnecessary water use.
• Conduct targeted outreach to high-volume water users to encourage implementation of additional conservation measures during declared water shortages. • Evaluate operational practices and emergency procedures to ensure continued delivery of water for essential public health, safety, and fire protection purposes.
8.4.4. Additional Mandatory Restrictions
Consistent with CWC Section 10632(a)(4)(D), the City has established locally appropriate mandatory water use restrictions to reduce discretionary water use, eliminate wasteful water practices, and preserve available water supplies during drought and emergency water shortage conditions. These restrictions are based on the City's adopted WSCP and Chapter 6-4C of the Coalinga Municipal Code and supplement statewide water conservation requirements with measures specifically tailored to the City's water system and operational needs.
The City's mandatory restrictions are implemented progressively as water shortage conditions become more severe. Initial restrictions emphasize eliminating avoidable water waste through measures such as City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
89 prohibiting the washing of sidewalks and other hard surfaces with potable water, requiring timely repair of customer water leaks, limiting landscape irrigation during peak daytime hours, restricting unauthorized use of fire hydrants, and requiring decorative fountains to utilize recirculating water systems.
During more severe water shortage conditions, additional mandatory restrictions are implemented to further reduce potable water demands. These measures include designated days and hours for landscape irrigation, restrictions on filling or refilling swimming pools, requirements that restaurants serve drinking water only upon request, limitations on irrigation by commercial nurseries, golf courses, and other waterdependent industries, and prohibitions on nonessential outdoor water use except where necessary to protect public health and safety.
The Municipal Code also authorizes the City Council to adopt additional mandatory water use restrictions and emergency conservation measures by resolution when necessary to respond to severe drought conditions, significant reductions in available water supplies, catastrophic infrastructure failures, or other emergency events affecting the City's ability to provide reliable water service. This authority provides the flexibility necessary to implement additional conservation measures beyond those specifically identified in Chapter 6-4C should future conditions warrant.
Compliance with the City's mandatory water use restrictions is achieved through customer education, public outreach, routine monitoring, and enforcement activities. Violations are subject to the enforcement provisions established in Chapter 6-4C of the Municipal Code, which include written warnings for initial violations, escalating fines for subsequent violations, installation of flow-restricting devices, discontinuation of water service, and other remedies authorized by the Municipal Code and applicable provisions of the CWC.
8.4.5. Emergency Response Plan
CWC Section 10632(c) requires urban water suppliers to develop an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) that documents the actions to be undertaken to prepare for and respond to a catastrophic interruption of water supplies. A catastrophic interruption may result from natural or human-caused events that significantly disrupt the availability, treatment, or distribution of water. Such events may include, but are not limited to, extreme weather conditions, wildfires, earthquakes, infrastructure failures, or acts of terrorism.
The City of Coalinga maintains a comprehensive Water System Emergency Response Plan (ERP) that establishes standardized procedures for preparing for, responding to, and recovering from water system emergencies. The ERP was updated in 2021 to comply with the America's Water Infrastructure Act (AWIA) and incorporates the findings of the City's certified Risk and Resilience Assessment. The ERP identifies strategies to improve the physical security, operational resilience, and cybersecurity of the City's water system, establishes emergency response procedures, identifies critical equipment and resources, and provides guidance for restoring safe and reliable water service following an emergency. The ERP also includes emergency contact information, public notification procedures, incident-specific action plans, mutual aid coordination, and recovery protocols.
The ERP is intended to complement the City's Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) and is implemented in accordance with California's Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS). Emergency incidents are managed using the Incident Command System (ICS), allowing City personnel to coordinate with Fresno City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
90 County, the California Governor's Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES), the SWRCB DDW, and other local, regional, State, and Federal agencies through established mutual aid and emergency management frameworks. The City is located within Cal OES Mutual Aid Region V, and emergency resource requests are coordinated through the Fresno County Operational Area when local resources are insufficient.
The City's potable water system receives untreated CVP water conveyed through the California Aqueduct and Coalinga Canal to the City's WTP before distribution to customers. Consequently, emergency response planning addresses events that could interrupt source water deliveries, damage treatment or distribution facilities, disrupt electrical power or communications, compromise water quality, or otherwise affect the City's ability to provide safe drinking water. The ERP includes procedures for responding to these incidents, implementing precautionary measures, issuing boil water or do-not-drink notices when necessary, coordinating emergency sampling and regulatory notifications, restoring system operations, and communicating with customers and responding agencies throughout the emergency.
Although catastrophic interruptions are managed separately from drought-related water shortages, emergency conditions may require implementation of one or more water shortage response levels described in this WSCP if available water supplies or system capacity are significantly reduced. The City will continue to periodically review and update its ERP to maintain compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and to reflect changes in water system infrastructure, operational practices, and emergency management procedures.
8.4.6. Seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan
CWC Section 10632.5.(a)
In addition to the requirements of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632, beginning January 1, 2020, the plan shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan to assess the vulnerability of each of the various facilities of a water system and mitigate those vulnerabilities. (b) An urban water supplier shall update the seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan when updating its urban water management plan as required by Section 10621. (c) An urban water supplier may comply with this section by submitting, pursuant to Section 10644, a copy of the most recent adopted local hazard mitigation plan or multihazard mitigation plan under the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390) if the local hazard mitigation plan or multihazard mitigation plan addresses seismic risk.
The CWC Section 10632.5 requires urban water suppliers to assess the vulnerability of water system facilities to seismic hazards and identify measures to mitigate those vulnerabilities. This assessment is required to be updated as part of each UWMP cycle. Compliance with this requirement may be achieved through incorporation of information from an adopted Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) or MultiHazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP), provided that seismic risks are adequately addressed. The City of Coalinga satisfies this requirement through implementation of its Water System ERP, which incorporates the findings of the City's certified Risk and Resilience Assessment, and through the City’s participation in the Fresno County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP), both of which address earthquake hazards and emergency response procedures.
The City is located within a seismically active region of western Fresno County where several active and potentially active fault systems, including the San Andreas Fault, Coast Range-Sierran Block Boundary, and City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
91 other regional faults, can produce significant ground shaking. The City experienced a 6.7 magnitude earthquake in 1983, which caused widespread structural damage throughout the community and demonstrated the City's vulnerability to future seismic events. Although the potential for liquefaction within the City is considered low because groundwater levels are generally 300 to 400 feet below ground surface, strong ground shaking remains the primary seismic hazard affecting the City and its critical infrastructure.
An earthquake has the potential to disrupt the City's potable water system by damaging raw water conveyance facilities associated with the CVP, pumping stations, the City’s WTP, transmission and distribution pipelines, storage reservoirs, electrical power systems, communications equipment, and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. Damage to one or more of these facilities could interrupt water production, treatment, or distribution and may require implementation of emergency water shortage response actions. The ERP specifically identifies earthquakes as a potential catastrophic event and establishes procedures for protecting personnel, assessing structural damage, activating the Emergency Operations Center (EOC), inspecting storage tanks, pipelines, buildings, and treatment equipment, prioritizing repairs to water main breaks, coordinating mutual aid with neighboring water agencies, and restoring water service as quickly as practicable.
The City's mitigation strategy focuses on maintaining operational resilience before, during, and after a seismic event. Mitigation measures include maintaining and periodically updating the ERP, conducting emergency preparedness training and exercises, coordinating with local, regional, State, and Federal emergency response agencies through the SEMS and ICS, maintaining mutual aid agreements, inspecting and maintaining critical water system infrastructure, and incorporating seismic considerations into future capital improvement projects. These measures are also consistent with the policies contained in the City's General Plan Safety Element, which calls for maintaining and upgrading critical public facilities, coordinating emergency preparedness efforts, improving emergency response capabilities, and ensuring that critical infrastructure is designed and maintained to reduce seismic risk.
The City will continue to update its seismic risk assessment and mitigation measures through future revisions to the Water System ERP, the Fresno County MHMP, and other applicable emergency planning documents to improve the resilience and reliability of the City's water system following future seismic events.
8.4.7. Shortage Response Action Effectiveness
The City of Coalinga continuously monitors water system operations to evaluate the effectiveness of the shortage response actions implemented under this WSCP. The City's potable water system is fully metered, including raw water deliveries to the WTP, finished water production, and customer service connections. Metered water use data are compiled and reviewed on a regular basis to monitor customer demands, identify seasonal and long-term consumption trends, and assess the effectiveness of implemented conservation measures.
Pursuant to CWC Section 10632.1, the City prepares an AWSDA each year to evaluate projected water supplies and demands for the current year and the following year. The AWSDA considers available CVP allocations, anticipated water treatment and distribution system capacity, historical and projected customer demands, operational conditions, and other factors that may affect water supply reliability.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
92 Based on the results of the AWSDA and other operational information, the City determines whether a water shortage condition exists and whether adjustments to the current shortage response stage are warranted.
During water shortage conditions, City staff monitor customer water use and compare actual demands to established baseline conditions to evaluate whether the targeted demand reductions associated with each shortage stage are being achieved. Water use trends are reviewed throughout the shortage period, and the effectiveness of conservation measures is assessed using metered consumption data, operational observations, customer participation, and enforcement activities. Where necessary, the City may modify outreach efforts, increase enforcement, or implement additional demand reduction measures authorized under Chapter 6-4C of the Coalinga Municipal Code to achieve the desired level of water savings.
The estimated demand reductions associated with each shortage response action are presented in Table 8-5. These estimates represent planning-level values intended to assist in evaluating the relative effectiveness of individual conservation measures and may vary depending on customer response, weather conditions, and the severity and duration of the water shortage.
The overall effectiveness of the City's shortage response program depends on a combination of enforceable water use restrictions, operational management, public outreach, customer participation, and ongoing monitoring of water use. The City will continue to evaluate the performance of its shortage response actions through the AWSDA process and routine system monitoring and will revise or expand conservation measures, as necessary, to maintain water supply reliability and comply with applicable State water shortage planning requirements.
8.5. Communication Protocols
CWC Section 10632 (a)(5)
Communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and state governments, regarding, at a minimum, all of the following:
(A) Any current or predicted shortages as determined by the annual water supply and demand assessment described pursuant to Section 10632.1.
(B) Any shortage response actions triggered or anticipated to be triggered by the annual water supply and demand assessment described pursuant to Section 10632.1. (C) Any other relevant communications
CWC Section 10632(a)(5) requires urban water suppliers to establish communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and State agencies regarding current and anticipated water shortages, shortage response actions, and other relevant water supply information. The City of Coalinga recognizes that timely, accurate, and consistent communication is essential to the successful implementation of its WSCP and to achieving customer participation in water conservation efforts.
The City will communicate the results of its AWSDA, including any current or projected water supply shortages and any shortage response actions that have been or are anticipated to be implemented. If the AWSDA determines that a water shortage condition exists or is likely to occur, the City will notify City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
93 customers of the applicable shortage stage, the required demand reduction target, mandatory and voluntary conservation measures, implementation schedule, and enforcement provisions. The City will also provide updates whenever water supply conditions improve or deteriorate sufficiently to warrant a change in the declared water shortage stage.
The primary methods of communicating water shortage information include customer bill inserts, the City's website, public meetings, press releases, and direct customer notifications, as appropriate.
Information distributed during a water shortage will describe the applicable water use restrictions, provide practical water conservation recommendations, explain the reasons for the shortage declaration, and identify available City contacts for additional information. Depending on the severity of the shortage, the City may also utilize local newspapers, social media, electronic notifications, mailed notices, or other communication methods to ensure customers receive timely and consistent information.
The City will coordinate, as appropriate, with the USBR, DWR, SWRCB, Fresno County, neighboring water agencies, and other local, regional, and State organizations to ensure consistent public messaging regarding water supply conditions and drought response activities. Coordination with these agencies also assists the City in communicating changes in CVP allocations, regulatory requirements, and other factors that may affect the reliability of the City's water supplies.
Communication efforts will be adjusted based on the severity of the water shortage and the level of response required. As shortage conditions become more severe, the City will increase the frequency and scope of public outreach and customer notifications to encourage compliance with conservation measures and to maintain transparency regarding water supply conditions. The City will continue to evaluate the effectiveness of its communication program and update its outreach strategies, as necessary, to support implementation of this WSCP and promote efficient water use throughout the service area.
8.6. Compliance and Enforcement
CWC Section 10632 (a)(6)
For an urban retail water supplier, customer compliance, enforcement, appeal, and exemption procedures for triggered shortage response actions as determined pursuant to Section 10632.2.
CWC Section 10632(a)(6) requires urban retail water suppliers to establish customer compliance, enforcement, appeal, and exemption procedures for shortage response actions implemented under the WSCP. The City of Coalinga has established these procedures through Chapter 6-4C of the Coalinga Municipal Code, which authorizes the City to implement and enforce mandatory water conservation measures during declared water shortage conditions.
During a declared water shortage, the City will monitor compliance with applicable conservation requirements using customer meter data, field observations, customer complaints, and operational inspections conducted by City staff. Customers may be identified for potential violations based on observed water waste or failure to comply with mandatory restrictions applicable to the declared shortage stage. Examples of prohibited water uses include excessive irrigation runoff, irrigation outside of permitted days or times, failure to repair leaks, unauthorized use of fire hydrants, operation of decorative fountains without recirculating water, prohibited filling or refilling of swimming pools, nonessential outdoor water use, or other violations established by Chapter 6-4C of the Municipal Code.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
94 When violations occur, the City may take enforcement actions in accordance with Chapter 6-4C of the Coalinga Municipal Code. Depending on the nature, severity, and frequency of the violation, enforcement may include issuance of a written notice of violation, a requirement to correct the violation within a specified timeframe, assessment of administrative fines as authorized by the Municipal Code, installation of a flow-restricting device at the customer's expense, or discontinuation of water service for continued or repeated noncompliance. In addition, pursuant to Section 6-4C.11 of the Municipal Code, the City reserves the authority to implement additional water use restrictions or emergency conservation measures, as necessary, to protect public health, safety, and welfare and to preserve available water supplies during severe water shortage conditions.
Customers may request an exception or exemption from specific water conservation requirements in accordance with Section 6-4C.04 of the Coalinga Municipal Code. The City Manager or his or her designee is authorized to grant exceptions where water use is necessary to protect public health and safety, provide essential government services, meet documented medical needs, utilize recycled water, or where an alternative water source is available. The City Council may grant exemptions, with or without conditions, if it determines that compliance would result in an extreme financial hardship that cannot otherwise be mitigated. Requests for an exemption must be submitted in writing to the City Clerk at least two weeks prior to the regularly scheduled City Council meeting at which the request will be considered. The City Council's determination on an exemption request is final. In addition, prior to limiting or discontinuing water service for enforcement purposes, the City will provide written notice of its intent and afford the customer the opportunity to request an administrative review and hearing in accordance with Section 6-
4.26 of the Municipal Code.
The City recognizes that effective implementation of its WSCP depends on a combination of customer education, public outreach, and consistent enforcement. Accordingly, the City will continue to emphasize communication and voluntary conservation while utilizing the enforcement authorities provided under Chapter 6-4C of the Municipal Code to achieve the demand reductions necessary to maintain water supply reliability during droughts, water shortages, and other emergency conditions.
8.7. Legal Authorities
CWC Section 10632 (a)(7)
(A) A description of the legal authorities that empower the urban water supplier to implement and enforce its shortage response actions specified in paragraph (4) that may include, but are not limited to, statutory authorities, ordinances, resolutions, and contract provisions. (B) A statement that an urban water supplier shall declare a water shortage emergency in accordance with Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 350) of Division 1. [see below] (C) A statement that an urban water supplier shall coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water supply services for the possible proclamation of a local emergency, as defined in Section 8558 of the Government Code.
CWC Section Division 1, Section 350
Declaration of water shortage emergency condition. The governing body of a distributor of a public water supply, whether publicly or privately owned and including a mutual water company, shall declare a water shortage emergency condition to prevail within the area served by such distributor whenever it City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
95 finds and determines that the ordinary demands and requirements of water consumers cannot be satisfied without depleting the water supply of the distributor to the extent that there would be insufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection.
In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(7), the City has the legal authority to implement and enforce the shortage response actions identified in this WSCP pursuant to applicable provisions of the CWC, California Government Code, Chapter 6-4C (Water Conservation) of the Coalinga Municipal Code, and other applicable ordinances, resolutions, and emergency actions adopted by the City Council. These authorities empower the City to implement mandatory and voluntary water conservation measures, establish water use restrictions, prohibit nonessential water uses, adopt additional drought response measures as necessary, and enforce compliance through the procedures established in the Municipal Code.
Consistent with CWC Section 350, the City Council shall declare a water shortage emergency whenever it finds and determines that the ordinary demands and requirements of water customers cannot be satisfied without depleting the City's available water supplies to the extent that insufficient water would remain for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection. Upon declaration of a water shortage emergency, the City may implement the applicable shortage response actions identified in this WSCP and Chapter 6- 4C of the Coalinga Municipal Code, including any additional water use restrictions authorized under Section 6-4C.11.
Pursuant to Government Code Section 8558, the City will coordinate with Fresno County and other appropriate local, regional, State, and federal agencies regarding the potential proclamation of a local emergency when drought, catastrophic infrastructure failure, interruption of CVP water deliveries, water quality emergencies, or other conditions threaten the reliability of the City's potable water system. Such coordination may include emergency response planning, mutual aid, public communication, operational coordination, and implementation of emergency measures necessary to protect public health and safety and maintain reliable water service.
The legal authorities detailed in this section provide the framework necessary for the City to implement the shortage response actions identified in this WSCP, respond to changing water supply conditions identified through the AWSDA, and protect the long-term reliability of the City's potable water system while maintaining compliance with applicable State laws and regulations.
8.8. Financial Consequences of WSCP Activation
CWC Section 10632(a)(8)
A description of the financial consequences of, and responses for, drought conditions, including, but not limited to, all of the following:
(A) A description of potential revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions described in paragraph (4).
(B) A description of mitigation actions needed to address revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions described in paragraph (4). (C) A description of the cost of compliance with Chapter 3.3 (commencing with Section 365) of Division
1. [retail urban suppliers only]
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
96 The City of Coalinga finances the operation, maintenance, and capital improvements of its potable water system through revenues generated from customer water service charges. In September 2020, the City completed a Water and Wastewater Financial Analysis and Rate Study, and the City Council subsequently adopted Resolution No. 3989, establishing a revised water rate structure that became effective in November 2020. The adopted rate structure consists of two primary components: (1) a volumetric charge based on metered water consumption for Urban Residential, Urban Commercial, Rural, and California Department of Corrections customers; and (2) a fixed service charge based on meter size that recovers costs associated with system operations, maintenance, and water system infrastructure.
Implementation of shortage response actions under this WSCP may reduce water sales revenues because conservation measures decrease customer water consumption. However, many of the costs associated with operating and maintaining the City's water system remain relatively fixed regardless of water demand. In addition, the City may incur increased expenses associated with implementing the WSCP, including public outreach and customer notifications, compliance monitoring, enforcement activities, and operational adjustments.
The 2020 Water and Wastewater Financial Analysis and Rate Study anticipated fluctuations in water demand, including periods of reduced consumption associated with drought conditions, and established water rates intended to provide sufficient revenues to support continued operation of the water system while maintaining appropriate operating and capital reserves. During any declared water shortage, the City will monitor the financial performance of the water enterprise fund and, if necessary, evaluate appropriate mitigation measures to maintain the financial stability. Such measures may include the use of available reserve funds, deferral of nonessential capital improvement projects, modification of operations and maintenance expenditures, pursuit of available State or federal financial assistance, or preparation of an updated water rate study. Any revisions to water rates or charges would be considered by the City Council in accordance with Chapter 3.3 (commencing with Section 365) of Division 1 of the CWC, Proposition 218, and other applicable provisions of State law.
The City does not anticipate that compliance with Chapter 3.3 (commencing with Section 365) of Division 1 of the CWC will result in significant additional costs beyond those associated with routine administration of the water enterprise fund. Should future water shortages require modifications to the City's rate structure or implementation of additional drought-related charges, the City will comply with all applicable statutory notice, public hearing, and rate adoption requirements prior to implementing such changes.
8.9. Monitoring and Reporting
CWC Section 10632(a)(9)
For an urban retail water supplier, monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data is collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance and to meet state reporting requirements.
In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(9), the City of Coalinga continuously monitors water supply conditions, WTP operations, and metered customer water use to support implementation of this WSCP and comply with applicable State reporting requirements. Water use and operational data are routinely evaluated to assess water supply reliability, monitor customer demand, and determine whether adjustments to the declared water shortage stage are warranted.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
97 The City uses information on CVP water supplies, treated water production, customer consumption, and operational conditions to prepare the AWSDA and evaluate the effectiveness of implemented shortage response actions. During declared water shortages, customer water use is compared to established baseline conditions to assess progress toward demand reduction targets. If necessary, the City may increase public outreach, enhance compliance monitoring, or implement additional conservation measures authorized under Chapter 6-4C of the Coalinga Municipal Code.
The City will maintain records documenting water supply conditions, customer demands, and implementation of shortage response actions, and will comply with all applicable State reporting requirements, including preparation of the AWSDA, UUWMPs, annual water loss audits, and any additional reporting required by the California Department of Water Resources or the State Water Resources Control Board. Monitoring results and conservation information will be communicated to customers through the City's website, customer bill inserts, public notices, and other appropriate outreach methods.
8.10. WSCP Refinement Procedures
CWC Section 10632 (a)(10)
Reevaluation and improvement procedures for systematically monitoring and evaluating the functionality of the water shortage contingency plan in order to ensure shortage risk tolerance is adequate and appropriate water shortage mitigation strategies are implemented as needed.
In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(10), the City will periodically evaluate the effectiveness of this WSCP to ensure that shortage response actions remain appropriate, effective, and consistent with current water supply conditions, regulatory requirements, and operational practices. Information developed through the AWSDA, water use monitoring, operational experience, and implementation of shortage response actions will be used to identify opportunities for improvement and determine whether revisions to the WSCP are warranted.
As part of future UWMP updates, or as otherwise necessary, the City will review the WSCP to incorporate changes in water supply conditions, infrastructure, regulatory requirements, and lessons learned during droughts or other water shortage events. Any substantive revisions to the WSCP will be considered by the City Council at a publicly noticed meeting and adopted by resolution, as required by the CWC.
8.11. Special Water Feature Distinction
CWC Section 10632 (b)
For purposes of developing the water shortage contingency plan pursuant to subdivision (a), an urban water supplier shall analyze and define water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 115921 of the Health and Safety Code.
In accordance with CWC Section 10632(b), an urban water supplier shall analyze and define water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 115921 of the Health and Safety Code.
The City distinguishes artificially supplied water features, including decorative fountains, ponds, lakes, and waterfalls, from swimming pools and spas when implementing this WSCP. Decorative water features are City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
98 generally considered discretionary water uses and are addressed separately because they typically do not serve public health or safety purposes.
Consistent with Chapter 6-4C of the Coalinga Municipal Code, decorative fountains may operate only if they utilize a recirculating water system, while restrictions on filling or refilling swimming pools and spas may be implemented during higher water shortage stages. By addressing these water uses separately, the City can implement targeted conservation measures appropriate to the severity of the water shortage while maintaining consistency with State requirements and the adopted WSCP.
8.12. Plan Adoption, Submittal, Availability, and Amendment Procedures CWC Section 10632 (c)
The urban water supplier shall make available the water shortage contingency plan prepared pursuant to this article to its customers and any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 30 days after adoption of the water shortage contingency plan.
CWC Section 10642.
…Prior to adopting either [UWMP and WSCP], the urban water supplier shall make both the plan [UWMP] and water shortage contingency plan available for public inspection and shall hold a public hearing or hearings thereon…After the hearing or hearings, the plan [UWMP] or water shortage contingency plan shall be adopted as prepared or as modified after the hearing or hearings.
CWC Section 10640.
(b) …The supplier shall likewise periodically review the water shortage contingency plan as required by paragraph (10) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and any amendments or changes required as a result of that review shall be adopted pursuant to this article [Article 3 Sections 10640 -10645] CWC Section 10644(a)(2)(b)
If an urban water supplier revises its water shortage contingency plan the supplier shall submit to the department a copy of it water shortage contingency plan prepared pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 [required elements of a WSCP] no later than 30 days after adoption, in accordance with protocols for submission and using electronic reporting tools developed by the department.
In accordance with CWC Sections 10632(c), 10642, 10640(b), and 10644(a)(2), the City will ensure that its WSCP is adopted, maintained, and made publicly available in compliance with statutory requirements.
Pursuant to Section 10642, the City made the WSCP available for public inspection and conducted a duly noticed public hearing prior to adoption. Following the public review process, the City Council formally adopted the WSCP on March 3, 2022, in conjunction with the 2020 UWMP, by Resolution No. 4071.
In accordance with Section 10632(c), the City makes the WSCP available to customers and to any city or county within which it provides water service no later than 30 days following adoption. The WSCP is publicly accessible through the City’s website and will continue to be made available for all future updates.
Consistent with Section 10644(a)(2), the adopted WSCP was submitted to the DWR within 30 days of adoption using the required electronic reporting tools.
In accordance with Section 10640(b), the City will periodically review and evaluate the WSCP and implement amendments as necessary to reflect updated conditions, regulatory requirements, and City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
99 operational experience. Any revisions to the WSCP will be adopted following a publicly noticed City Council meeting and will be submitted to DWR and made publicly available within 30 days of adoption, consistent with applicable CWC requirements.
The WSCP will continue to be updated, adopted, and implemented in coordination with future UWMP updates to ensure consistency between planning documents and continued compliance with state law.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 9 – Demand Management Measures
100
CHAPTER 9 - DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
CWC Section 10631
(e)Provide a description of the supplier’s water demand management measures. This description shall include all of the following:
(1)(A) For an urban retail water supplier, as defined in Section 10608.12, a narrative description that addresses the nature and extent of each water demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The narrative shall describe the water demand management measure that the supplier plans to implement to achieve its water use targets pursuant to Section 10608.20. (B) The narrative pursuant to this paragraph shall include descriptions of the following water demand management measures:
(i) Water waste prevention ordinances.
(ii) Metering.
(iii) Conservation pricing.
(iv) Public education and outreach.
(v) Programs to assess and manage distribution system real loss. (vi) Water conservation program coordination and staffing support. (vii) Other demand management measures that have a significant impact on water use as measured in gallons per capita per day, including innovative measures, if implemented.
CWC Section 10631(e) requires urban retail water suppliers to provide a narrative description of the water demand management measures (DMMs) implemented over the past five years and those planned to achieve applicable water use objectives and targets. DMMs measures are policies, programs, ordinances, and operational practices implemented by suppliers to promote water use efficiency, conservation, and ultimately reduce long-term potable water demand.
Consistent with the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, this chapter describes the nature, extent, and effectiveness of the City’s DMMs, including how these measures contribute to achieving water use efficiency objectives established under Senate Bill 606 and Assembly Bill 1668, as well as the City’s previously established SB X7-7 targets. Because the City of Coalinga relies exclusively on imported raw surface water supplies delivered through the USBR’s CVP, the City’s water supply remains subject to drought conditions, hydrologic variability, regulatory constraints, conveyance interruptions, and changes in federal water project operations. Accordingly, efficient water use and proactive demand management remain essential to maintaining long-term water supply reliability and maximizing the beneficial use of the City's available water supplies.
During the past five years, the City has continued to implement a comprehensive water conservation program focused on improving water use efficiency, updating customer metering, reducing distribution system losses through leak detection and water loss management, educating customers on water conservation practices, enforcing water waste prohibitions, and implementing drought preparedness and response measures through the City's adopted WSCP. Collectively, these measures improve distribution City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 9 – Demand Management Measures
101
system efficiency, reduce avoidable water losses, and help ensure the City's limited imported water supplies are used as efficiently as possible.
The CWC identifies seven categories of DMMs to be addressed in this chapter:
• Water waste prevention ordinances
• Metering
• Conservation pricing
• Public education and outreach
• Programs to assess and manage distribution system real loss • Water conservation program coordination and staffing support • Other demand management measures
The following sections describe City’s implementation of these measures and how they support compliance with current and future water use efficiency requirements.
9.1. Implementation over the Past Five Years
In accordance with CWC Section 10631(e)(1)(A), the City has implemented a range of demand management measures over the previous five-year period (2020–2025) to promote water use efficiency, reduce system demand, and support the long-term reliability of its potable water supplies. As a retail water supplier that relies exclusively on imported raw surface water delivered through the USBR's CVP, the City recognizes the importance of maximizing the efficient use of its available water supplies through conservation, system efficiency improvements, and proactive water management.
The City's conservation framework is implemented through the Coalinga Municipal Code and the City's adopted WSCP, which establish enforceable water conservation requirements, prohibit wasteful water use practices, and define staged response actions during periods of water shortage. As discussed in Chapter 8, the WSCP establishes six water shortage response levels consistent with current CWC requirements. Even under normal water supply conditions, the City promotes year-round water conservation practices that encourage efficient indoor and outdoor water use and reduce unnecessary potable water demands.
The City maintains a fully metered water distribution system, allowing for accurate measurement of customer water use, timely identification of abnormal consumption, improved leak detection, and enhanced water system accountability. Metering also supports the City's water rate structure and provides the operational data necessary to complete annual water loss audits, prepare water use projections, evaluate system performance, and support long-range planning. During the previous five years, the City has undertaken a comprehensive customer meter replacement program to replace aging meters with automated radio-read meters. The replacement program is anticipated to be substantially complete by the end of 2026 and is expected to improve meter accuracy, increase operational efficiency, enhance the reliability of customer water use data, and support more effective identification of system leaks and unauthorized water use.
Public education and outreach remain integral components of the City's conservation program. The City provides customers with information regarding water conservation practices, water waste prohibitions, drought conditions, and applicable water use restrictions through customer communications, utility billing City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 9 – Demand Management Measures
102
materials, public notices, and the City's website. Educational efforts encourage customers to adopt waterefficient landscaping, irrigation practices, and indoor water conservation measures to reduce overall potable water demand.
The City also continues to improve distribution system efficiency by conducting annual AWWA water loss audits and implementing measures to reduce both real and apparent water losses. These efforts include routine system maintenance, leak detection and repair, replacement of aging infrastructure, and continued customer meter replacement. As discussed in Chapter 4, the City is actively pursuing additional measures to improve water loss accounting and reduce system losses in advance of the SWRCB's 2028 Water Loss Performance Standard.
Water conservation program implementation is coordinated by City staff through the Public Works Department as part of the City's ongoing utility operations, customer service, capital improvement planning, regulatory reporting, and water resource management responsibilities. Conservation measures are integrated with the City's broader water supply reliability planning efforts, including the AWSDA, implementation of the WSCP, compliance with state urban water use efficiency requirements, and continued coordination with the USBR regarding the City's CVP water supply.
Collectively, these demand management measures demonstrate the City's continued commitment to promoting efficient water use, reducing avoidable water losses, maintaining reliable imported water supplies, and ensuring compliance with current and future state water conservation and urban water use efficiency requirements.
9.2. Implementation to Achieve Water-Use Targets
CWC Section 10631
(e)(1)(A) For an urban retail water supplier, as defined in Section 10608.12, a narrative description that addresses the nature and extent of each water demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The narrative shall describe the water demand management measure that the supplier plans to implement to achieve its water use targets pursuant to Section 10608.20.
In accordance with CWC Section 10631(e)(1)(A), the City will continue to implement and enhance DMMs to achieve applicable water use targets and water use efficiency objectives established pursuant to Section 10608.20. These objectives include maintaining compliance with the City’s SB X7-7 targets and progressing toward long-term water use efficiency standards established under Senate Bill 606 and Assembly Bill 1668, while also promoting the efficient use of its imported CVP water supplies.
Because the City relies exclusively on imported surface water provided under contract with the USBR, efficient water use remains an essential component of maintaining long-term water supply reliability.
Water conservation reduces demand on the City's available water supplies, enhances operational flexibility during drought and other supply disruptions, and supports responsible stewardship of limited water resources.
The City will continue to rely on its existing conservation framework, including Chapter 13.05 of the Coalinga Municipal Code and the WSCP, to guide implementation of both ongoing and enhanced conservation measures. As discussed in Chapter 8, the WSCP establishes six stages of response to water shortage conditions consistent with current CWC requirements. Stage 1 conservation measures remain in City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 9 – Demand Management Measures
103
effect during normal water supply conditions and establish the City's baseline conservation program through water waste prohibitions, public education, and efficient water use practices. During periods of drought, reduced imported water deliveries, infrastructure outages, or other supply constraints, the City will implement progressively more restrictive conservation measures consistent with the WSCP to achieve additional demand reductions.
The City will continue to utilize its fully metered water system to monitor customer demand, evaluate water use trends, identify abnormal consumption, and support long-range system planning. As part of its ongoing commitment to improving system efficiency, the City has implemented a systemwide customer meter replacement program to replace aging customer meters with automated radio-read meters. The replacement program is anticipated to be completed by the end of 2026 and is expected to improve meter accuracy, strengthen water accountability, enhance leak detection capabilities, and provide more reliable consumption data for operational planning, billing, annual water loss audits, and regulatory reporting.
Management of distribution system water losses will remain an important component of the City's demand management strategy. The City will continue to prepare annual AWWA water loss audits, monitor its progress toward meeting the SWRCB's Water Loss Performance Standards, conduct routine maintenance, promptly repair water main leaks and service line failures, and implement targeted infrastructure improvements to reduce real water losses and improve overall system reliability.
Public education and outreach will continue to support achievement of the City's urban water use objectives. Conservation messaging will encourage efficient indoor and outdoor water use, proper irrigation scheduling, timely repair of customer-side leaks, and increased awareness of the importance of conserving imported water supplies. Outreach efforts may include billing inserts, the City's website, social media, public notices, and educational materials distributed during both normal and drought conditions.
Water conservation program implementation will continue to be integrated into the City's routine utility operations, customer service activities, capital improvement planning, and regulatory compliance efforts.
The City will periodically evaluate the effectiveness of its DMMs using performance indicators such as water production trends, gallons per capita per day (GPCD), annual water loss audit results, customer demand data, and other operational metrics. Conservation programs and operational practices will be refined as necessary to support continued compliance with State water use efficiency requirements and to maintain a reliable and resilient water supply system.
Through continued implementation and refinement of these DMMs, the City will promote efficient water use, improve system reliability, reduce avoidable water losses, support compliance with State-mandated urban water use efficiency standards, and enhance the long-term reliability of its imported CVP water supplies for the benefit of existing and future customers.
9.3. Required Demand Management Measures
9.3.1. Water Waste Prevention Ordinance
This DMM consists of adopting and enforcing a water waste prevention ordinance that prohibits the inefficient or unnecessary use of water. Such ordinances typically include specific prohibitions on practices that result in water waste, such as excessive runoff from landscape irrigation, irrigation during precipitation events, and the use of hoses without automatic shutoff nozzles.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 9 – Demand Management Measures
104
The City of Coalinga established its water waste prevention framework through Chapter 4C, Water Conservation, of the Coalinga Municipal Code in 2009. The ordinance applies to all City water customers and was adopted to minimize the potential for water shortages, reduce inefficient water consumption, and preserve available water supplies necessary for domestic use, sanitation, and fire protection. The ordinance also authorizes the City Council to declare water conservation stages when reduced water supplies or interruptions in water deliveries warrant additional conservation measures.
Under the Municipal Code, the City's Stage 1 – Standard Conservation Alert establishes the baseline water waste prohibitions that remain in effect during normal water supply conditions. These requirements include prohibiting the hosing of sidewalks, driveways, parking areas, patios, and other hard surfaces; requiring decorative fountains to utilize recirculating water systems; requiring customers to repair leaks within 72 hours following written notification by the City; prohibiting landscape irrigation between 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., except for specified water-dependent uses; requiring handheld hoses to be equipped with automatic shutoff nozzles; and limiting the use of fire hydrants to firefighting or other authorized purposes.
The Municipal Code also establishes additional restrictions during Stage 2 – High Water Conservation Alert and Stage 3 – Emergency Water Conservation Alert. Stage 2 includes designated irrigation days for residential and nonresidential customers, limits irrigation frequencies for water-dependent industries, restricts swimming pool filling and refilling, and prohibits restaurants from serving drinking water unless requested by the customer. Stage 3 prohibits nearly all outdoor water use except for limited hand watering necessary for plant survival and prohibits other nonessential water uses, including filling or refilling swimming pools, spas, and similar facilities beyond that necessary for maintenance.
Although the Municipal Code currently contains three conservation stages, the City's WSCP, adopted in 2022 as part of the 2020 UWMP cycle, establishes the six standard water shortage levels required by California Water Code Section 10632. The WSCP incorporates the Municipal Code restrictions and expands them through additional shortage response actions, demand reduction measures, communication protocols, and enforcement procedures appropriate to each shortage level. During declared water shortage conditions, the City will implement the applicable conservation measures identified in the WSCP in conjunction with the existing requirements of Chapter 4C of the Municipal Code.
The City's water waste prevention ordinance is supported through ongoing public education, customer outreach, and enforcement activities. Conservation information is distributed through utility bill messaging, public notices, the City's website, and other communication methods to encourage voluntary compliance with water conservation requirements. The Municipal Code authorizes progressive enforcement actions for violations, including written notices, monetary penalties, installation of flow restrictors, discontinuation of water service, and other enforcement remedies as appropriate.
Collectively, the City's water conservation ordinance, WSCP implementation procedures, public education efforts, and enforcement authority provide the foundation for reducing unnecessary potable water use, improving long-term water use efficiency, supporting compliance with State urban water use efficiency requirements, and protecting the reliability of the City's imported Central Valley Project water supplies.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 9 – Demand Management Measures
105
9.3.2. Metering
CWC Section 526
(a) Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, an urban water supplier that, on or after January 1, 2004, receives water from the federal Central Valley Project under a water service contract or subcontract... shall do both of the following:
(1) On or before January 1, 2013, install water meters on all service connections to residential and nonagricultural commercial buildings... located within its service area.
CWC Section 527
(a) An urban water supplier that is not subject to Section 526 shall do both the following:
(1) Install water meters on all municipal and industrial service connections located within its service area on or before January 1, 2025.
CWC Sections 526 and 527 require urban water suppliers to install water meters on all applicable service connections. Because the City of Coalinga receives its potable water supply from the federal CVP, the City is subject to the requirements of CWC Section 526, which requires meters on all residential and nonagricultural commercial service connections. Metering supports volumetric billing, improved water use accountability, accurate demand forecasting, and implementation of water conservation programs.
The City of Coalinga maintains a fully metered potable water distribution system. All residential, multifamily, commercial, industrial, institutional, landscape irrigation, and other metered service connections are equipped with customer water meters and are billed based on actual water consumption. In recent years, the City has continued replacing older manually read meters with automated radio-read meters, improving the accuracy and efficiency of meter reading, billing, and water use monitoring.
In addition to customer metering, the City's WTP and distribution system are equipped with production and operational meters that measure water delivered from the City's CVP supply and distributed throughout the system. These meters provide the information necessary to monitor system operations, evaluate water demands, prepare annual water loss audits, and support long-term water supply planning.
The City routinely reviews customer consumption data to identify abnormal water use patterns, unusually high consumption, and potential customer-side leaks. When abnormal usage is identified, customers may be notified so that repairs can be made in a timely manner, reducing unnecessary water loss and improving overall system efficiency. Metering data also supports preparation of the City's annual AWWA Water Loss Audit, AWSDA, UWUO reporting, UWMP updates, and other State-required water use efficiency reporting.
The City will continue to maintain, replace, and upgrade its metering infrastructure as part of its ongoing asset management and water conservation efforts. Continued investment in automated meter technology and accurate production metering will improve data quality, support efficient system operations, strengthen water accountability, and ensure continued compliance with State water use efficiency requirements and the City's WSCP.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 9 – Demand Management Measures
106
9.3.3. Conservation Pricing
Conservation pricing is a DMM that promotes efficient water use by linking water charges to the volume of water consumed. Under this approach, customers who use more water pay higher overall water bills, providing a financial incentive to conserve while generating sufficient revenue to operate, maintain, and improve the water system.
The City utilizes a uniform volumetric rate structure combined with fixed monthly service charges. Each customer pays a monthly base rate based on meter size, plus a charge for every 1,000 gallons of water consumed. Because all customers are billed based on actual metered water use, customers who reduce their water consumption can lower their monthly water bills, providing a financial incentive for efficient water use and conservation.
The City's current water rates were established through the 2020 Water and Wastewater Financial Analysis and Rate Study, which evaluated the City's operating costs, capital improvement needs, wholesale water costs, and long-term financial requirements. Following the required Proposition 218 public hearing process, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 3989, approving revised water rates effective November 1, 2020, with scheduled annual adjustments through November 1, 2024.
The City will continue to periodically evaluate its water rates to ensure they provide adequate funding for system operations and capital improvements while encouraging efficient water use, supporting implementation of the WSCP, and maintaining the long-term reliability of the City's imported CVP water supply. Following completion of the City's systemwide automated meter replacement program, the City anticipates preparing an updated water and wastewater rate study during the next UWMP planning cycle.
The updated rate study will utilize improved customer consumption data to evaluate the adequacy and equity of the existing rate structure and determine whether modifications are warranted to support future operational, capital, and water conservation objectives.
9.3.4. Public Education and Outreach
Public education and outreach are important components of the City’s demand management strategy and provide customers with information regarding efficient water use practices, conservation requirements, and water supply conditions. The City implements public outreach efforts through customer communications, public notices, billing information, and information made available on the City’s website.
The City provides water conservation and water system information through a variety of communication methods, including its website, social media platforms, utility bill inserts, direct mailings, and customer service interactions. The City also provides public notices, press releases, and other informational materials as needed to communicate water supply conditions, conservation measures, and updates to water system operations. During periods requiring increased conservation, the City utilizes these communication channels, in addition to local media outlets and public meetings, to inform customers of applicable water use restrictions and demand reduction measures.
Each year, the City distributes the required Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) to all water customers, providing information regarding drinking water quality, water sources, and system performance. Water conservation information, watering guidelines, and educational materials are also made available through the City's website and other outreach efforts.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 9 – Demand Management Measures
107
The City will continue to expand public education and outreach efforts as needed to promote water conservation, support implementation of its WSCP, and encourage the efficient use of its imported CVP water supplies.
9.3.5. Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss The City recognizes that distribution system real losses, including leakage from pipelines,storage facilities, and system appurtenances, represent a significant component of total water loss, and ultimately increase the demand for imported CVP water supplies. Effective management of these losses is essential to improving system efficiency, reducing non-revenue water, and supporting long-term water supply reliability and operational efficiency.
The City conducts annual water loss audits in accordance with the AWWA Water Audit Methodology and submits the validated audit to DWR through the WUEdata reporting system. These audits quantify real and apparent water losses, evaluate data validity, and provide information used to identify opportunities for improving system performance and reducing non-revenue water.
To reduce real water losses, the City performs routine system maintenance, investigates and repairs water main breaks and leaks, replaces deteriorated infrastructure as funding allows, and monitors system operations for abnormal flow or pressure conditions. The City is also completing a systemwide automated meter replacement program, which will improve customer consumption data, enhance leak detection capabilities, and support more accurate water accounting.
The City will continue to use annual water loss audit results to prioritize infrastructure improvements, guide maintenance activities, and evaluate progress toward meeting the State's Water Loss Performance Standards. Through ongoing system maintenance, infrastructure replacement, and improved metering, the City will continue working to reduce real water losses, improve distribution system efficiency, and enhance the long-term reliability of its imported water supply.
9.3.6. Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support Effective implementation of this DMMs requires coordination among staff responsible for water system operations, planning, maintenance, customer service, regulatory compliance, and public outreach. The City supports its water conservation program through a collaborative effort involving Public Works staff and the Water Conservation Analyst.
Water conservation program responsibilities are shared among the Public Works Director, City Engineer, Public Works Utility Supervisor, Water Conservation Analyst, and other supporting staff. Public Works staff are responsible for implementing the WSCP, preparing required State reports, conducting annual AWWA water loss audits, overseeing the City's automated meter replacement program, responding to water waste concerns, and maintaining the City's water distribution system. The Water Conservation Analyst supports the City's conservation objectives through administration of the Turf Replacement Program, coordination with residents and consultants, customer outreach, and promotion of waterefficient landscaping practices.
Water conservation activities are integrated into the City's routine utility operations and long-term planning to improve system efficiency, reduce water losses, promote compliance with State water conservation requirements, and encourage the efficient use of the City's imported CVP water supplies.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 9 – Demand Management Measures
108
The City will continue to evaluate opportunities to enhance its conservation programs and staffing as future regulatory requirements and funding opportunities evolve.
9.3.7. Other Demand Management Measures
In addition to the DMMs described in this chapter, the City of Coalinga implements supplemental conservation programs that encourage efficient water use and support long-term water resource sustainability. These programs focus primarily on reducing outdoor potable water demand, which represents one of the greatest opportunities for water savings within the City's service area. Through financial incentives, technical assistance, and customer education, the City promotes water-efficient landscaping and alternative water use practices that complement the conservation measures outlined in this UWMP and the WSCP.
9.3.7.1. Turf Replacement Program
The City administers a grant-funded Turf Replacement Program that encourages eligible residential property owners to replace high-water-use turf with drought-tolerant, water-efficient landscaping. The program promotes sustainable landscape design by reducing outdoor irrigation demands while maintaining functional and aesthetically pleasing landscapes. Eligible projects may receive financial incentives for replacing existing turf, installing efficient micro-drip irrigation systems, and incorporating smart irrigation controllers to improve irrigation efficiency.
The City's Water Conservation Analyst administers the program by assisting residents throughout the application and implementation process, coordinating project reviews and inspections, providing technical guidance on drought-tolerant landscaping, and ensuring compliance with program requirements. In addition to reducing potable water demand, the program increases public awareness of water-efficient landscaping practices and supports the City's long-term conservation goals. Additional program information, eligibility requirements, and application materials are available through the City's Public Works Department.
9.3.7.2. Greywater Rebate Program
The City also offers a Greywater Rebate Program to encourage residential customers to install eligible greywater systems that reuse water from household sources, such as clothes washers, showers, bathtubs, and bathroom sinks, for landscape irrigation. By offsetting the use of potable water for outdoor irrigation, the program promotes the beneficial reuse of water, improves outdoor water use efficiency, and supports the City's overall conservation objectives.
The Greywater Rebate Program complements the Turf Replacement Program by encouraging customers to adopt multiple water-saving practices that reduce landscape irrigation demands while maintaining healthy and attractive landscapes. Information regarding program eligibility, rebate requirements, and application procedures is available through the City's Public Works Department.
9.3.7.3. Residential Plumbing Fixtures
California has significantly improved indoor water use efficiency through statewide plumbing and appliance efficiency standards. Current State law requires the installation of high-efficiency plumbing fixtures in new construction and most remodeling projects, including high-efficiency toilets, urinals, showerheads, and faucets that meet applicable California Plumbing Code and water efficiency City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Section 9 – Demand Management Measures
109
requirements. As older plumbing fixtures are replaced over time, indoor residential water demands continue to decline without the need for a dedicated retrofit program.
The City of Coalinga benefits from these statewide efficiency requirements by requiring compliance with applicable building and plumbing codes for new development and redevelopment projects. Although the City does not currently offer a residential plumbing fixture retrofit rebate program, customers continue to realize water savings as older fixtures and appliances are replaced with modern, high-efficiency models.
The City will continue to evaluate opportunities to pursue grant funding or other financial assistance to expand customer conservation incentive programs, including rebates or incentives for water-efficient plumbing fixtures, appliances, and other water-saving technologies, as funding becomes available.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 10 – Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation 110
CHAPTER 10 - PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND
IMPLEMENTATION
This chapter describes the procedures followed by the City of Coalinga for the preparation, public review, adoption, and submittal of the 2025 UWMP in accordance with the CWC. This chapter also summarizes the steps taken to ensure public participation, interagency coordination, and ongoing implementation of the Plan.
10.1. Plan Completion Timeline
This 2025 UWMP includes water use, supply, and planning data for calendar year 2025. The Plan evaluates current conditions, and projected water demands and supplies over a minimum 20-year planning horizon in accordance with the CWC and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook.
10.2. Notice of Plan Preparation
CWC Section 10621
(b) Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan shall … at least 60 days prior to the public hearing on the plan … notify any city or county within which the supplier provides waters supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes to the plan.
CWC Section 10621(b) requires that each urban water supplier notify cities and counties within its service area, as well as other appropriate agencies, at least 60 days prior to the public hearing on the UWMP. The City of Coalinga is the sole retail water supplier within its service area and prepares its UWMP independently; however, the City coordinates with regional agency water providers to support consistent and informed water resources planning.
In compliance with CWC Section 10621(b), the City provided formal written notification of the preparation of its 2025 UWMP to relevant agencies and jurisdictions, including:
• U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
• County of Fresno
• Westlands Water District
• Coalinga-Huron School District
Notification letters were issued on May 26, 2026 inviting these agencies to participate in the UWMP preparation process and provide input as appropriate . Copies of these notification letters are included in Appendix B.
10.3. Notice of Public Hearing
CWC Section 10642
…Prior to adopting either [the plan or water shortage contingency plan], the urban water supplier shall make both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan available for public inspection and shall hold a public hearing or hearings thereon. Prior to any of these hearings, notice of the time and place of the hearing shall be published within the jurisdiction of the publicly owned water supplier pursuant to Section 6066 of the Government Code [see below]. The urban water supplier shall provide City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 10 – Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation 111
notice of the time and place of a hearing to any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies Notices by a local public agency pursuant to this section shall be provided pursuant to Chapter
17.5 (commencing with Section 7290) of Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code. A privately owned water supplier shall provide an equivalent notice within its service area.
Government Code Section 6066
Publication of notice pursuant to this section shall be once a week for two successive weeks. Two publications in a newspaper published once a week or oftener, with at least five days intervening between the respective publication dates not counting such publication dates, are sufficient. The period of notice commences upon the first day of publication and terminates CWC Section 10642 requires that, prior to adoption, the UWMP and WSCP be made available for public inspection and that a public hearing be held. Notice of the time and place of the hearing must be published pursuant to Government Code Section 6066, which requires publication once per week for two successive weeks.
In accordance with these requirements, the City:
• Made the draft 2025 UWMP and WSCP available for public review prior to adoption. • Published a Notice of Public Hearing in the local newspaper of general circulation in accordance with Government Code Section 6066. A copy of the publication is provided in Appendix G. • Provide notice of the public hearing to all agencies who were previously notified of the plan preparation. A copy of the notices are provided in Appendix H. • Posted the Notice of Public Hearing on the City’s website.
Table 10-1 summarizes the cities and counties notified in accordance with statutory requirements. In addition to those listed in Table 10-1, the City also provided a 60-day notice and Notice of Public Hearing to the USBR, Westlands Water District, and Coalinga-Huron School District.
Notification to Cities and Counties (Submittal Table 10-1) City Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public
Hearing
Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable
County Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public
Hearing
County of Fresno Yes Yes
10.4. Public Hearing and Adoption
CWC Section 10642
Each urban water supplier shall encourage the active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan. Prior to adopting either, the urban water supplier shall make both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan available for public inspection and shall hold a public hearing or hearings thereon…. After the hearing or hearings, the plan or water shortage contingency plan shall be adopted as prepared or as modified after the hearing or hearings.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 10 – Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation 112
Government Code Section 7291
…every local public agency… serving a substantial number of non-English-Speaking people, shall employ a sufficient number of qualified bilingual persons in public contact positions or as interpreters to assist those in such positions, to ensure provision of information and services in the language of the non-Englishspeaking person.
CWC Section 10642 requires that urban water suppliers encourage public participation and hold a public hearing prior to adoption of the UWMP and WSCP. The City will hold a duly noticed public hearing before the City Council to receive comments on the draft 2025 UWMP and WSCP. The hearing will provide an opportunity for public review and input from all interested parties.
Following the public hearing, the City Council will consider all comments received and may adopt the UWMP and WSCP as prepared or as modified. Adoption will be completed by resolution of the City Council of the City of Coalinga and a copy of the adopting resolution is included in Appendix I.
In accordance with Government Code Section 7291, the City will provide language assistance or accommodations, as appropriate, to ensure meaningful public participation.
10.5. Plan Submittal
CWC Section 10621
(e) Each urban water supplier shall update and submit its 2025 plan to the department by July 1, 2026… CWC Section 10635
(c) The urban water supplier shall provide that portion of its urban water management plan prepared pursuant to this article to any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 60 days after the submission of its urban water management plan.
CWC Section 10644
(a)(1) An urban water supplier shall submit to the department, the California State Library, and any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies a copy of its plan no later than 30 days after adoption.
The City of Coalinga’s submittal process for its 2025 UWMP is detailed below.
10.5.1. Submitting a UWMP and WSCP to DWR
In accordance with CWC Sections 10621(e) and 10644(a)(1), the final UWMP and WSCP will be submitted to the DWR within 30 days of adoption. Following adoption, the City will submit the 2025 UWMP, including the WSCP, electronically through DWR’s Water Use Efficiency (WUEdata) portal.
10.5.2. Electronic Data Submittal
Section 10644 (a)(2)
The plan, or amendments to the plan, submitted to the department … shall be submitted electronically and shall include any standardized forms, tables, or displays specified by the department.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 10 – Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation 113
CWC Section 10644(a)(2) requires submission of standardized data tables in electronic format. The City will submit all required UWMP data tables through the WUEdata portal concurrently with the UWMP submittal.
10.5.3. Submitting UWMP, including WSCP, to the California State Library Within 30 days of adoption of the 2025 UWMP by the City of Coalinga City Council, a copy (CD or hardcopy) of the 2025 UWMP will be submitted to the State of California Library. The 2025 UWMP will be mailed to the following address if sent by regular mail:
California State Library Government Publications Section Attention: Coordinator, Urban Water Management Plans
P.O. Box 942837
Sacramento, CA 94237-0001
10.5.4. Submitting UWMP to the Cities and Counties
Pursuant to CWC Sections 10621(e) and 10635(c), the City will provide copies of the adopted UWMP and WSCP to Tulare County, and other relevant agencies within 30 days of adoption.
10.6. Public Availability
CWC Section 10645
(a) Not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its plan with the department, the urban water supplier and the department shall make the plan available for public review during normal business hours. (b) Not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its water shortage contingency plan with the department, the urban water supplier and the department shall make the plan available for public review during normal business hours.
CWC Section 10645 requires that the UWMP and WSCP be made available for public review within 30 days of submittal. The City will make the adopted 2025 UWMP available:
• At City Hall during normal business hours.
• On the City’s website for public access.
10.7. Notification to Public Utilities Commission
CWC Section 10621 (c)
An urban water supplier regulated by the Public Utilities Commission shall include its most recent plan and water shortage contingency plan as part of the supplier’s general rate case filings.
The City is not regulated by the CPUC; therefore, this requirement does not apply.
10.8. Plan Implementation
CWC Section 10643
An urban water supplier shall implement its plan adopted pursuant to this chapter in accordance with the schedule set forth in its plan.
The City will implement the 2025 UWMP through ongoing operational practices, capital improvement planning, demand management measures, and water supply management strategies described City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 10 – Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation 114
throughout this document. The City will monitor system performance and update programs as necessary to ensure continued compliance with State requirements and long-term water supply reliability.
10.9. Amending an Adopted UWMP or WSCP
CWC Section 10621
(d) The amendments to, or changes in, the plan shall be adopted and filed in the manner set forth in Article 3 (commencing with Section 10640).
CWC Section 10644
(a)(1) Copies of amendments or changes to the plans shall be submitted to the department, the California State Library, and any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies within 30 days after adoption.
The City’s amendment process for the 2025 UWMP and WSCP is detailed below.
10.9.1. Amending a UWMP
In accordance with CWC Sections 10621(d) and 10644(a)(1), any amendments to the UWMP will be adopted by the City Council of the City of Coalinga and submitted to DWR, the California State Library, and affected cities and counties within 30 days of adoption.
10.9.2. Amending a Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Section 10644 (b)
If an urban water supplier revises its water shortage contingency plan, the supplier shall submit to the department a copy of its water shortage contingency plan prepared…no later than 30 days after adoption, in accordance with protocols for submission and using electronic reporting tools developed by the department.
CWC Section 10644(b) requires that revisions to the WSCP be submitted to DWR within 30 days of adoption. If the City amends the WSCP, the revised plan will be adopted by the City Council and submitted electronically to DWR using the required reporting tools within the prescribed timeframe.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix A – Legislative Requirements
APPENDIX A
LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix B – Notice of Plan Preparation
APPENDIX B
NOTICE OF PLAN PREPARATION
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix C – Zoning Map
APPENDIX C
ZONING MAP
GALE
ELM
POLK
PHELPS
JAYNE
MONTEREY
OIL CITY
MERCED
COALINGA
LOST HILLS
FIFTH
STANISLAUS
VALLEY
FRESNO
SAN MATEO
PINE
CALIFORNIA
CAMBRIDGE
FOURTH
THIRD
BAKER
ALCALDE
SIXTH
FOREST
GLENN
LUCILLE
DURIAN
SUNSET
CEDAR
IVY
YALE
HAYES
SCHOOL
VAN NESS
PACIFIC
HARVARD
FALCON
MONROE
COLLEGE
PLEASANT
GARFIELD
HACHMAN
ADAMS
TYLER
MADISON
EL RANCHO
TRACTOR
HOUSTON
BIRCH
MERLOT
WALNUT
JUNIPER RIDGE
WASHINGTON
HOOVER
JEFFERSON
CODY
BARKER
MAPLE
JACKSON
FIRST
POSA CHANET
JOAQUIN
CORNELL
LINCOLN
SHIRAZ
SACRAMENTO
FIRESTONE
HARRISON
COOLIDGE
ALICIA
WARTHAN
CHERRY
HAWTHORNE
FRESNO COALINGA
JANAY
MUSTANG
ROOSEVELT
GRANT
KECK
LOUISIANA
UNIVERSITY
WARTHAM CANYON
PINTO
MICHELLE
SEVENTH
LOCUST
BUCHANAN
HANNAH
ENTERPRISE
BUENA VISTA
CHABLIS
LONGHOLLOW
ELIZABETH
HALIBURTON
TRUMAN
RIESLING
BORDEAUX
MALIBU
PRINCETON
MESA
ASH
CABRILLO
STANFORD
COX
BUCKEYE SPRINGS
MAY
FISHER
FOLSOM
KIMBERLY
VIA ROBLES
NEVADA
CINDY
TACHE
ECHO CANYON
WILLOW SPRINGS
DARTMOUTH
MEADOW
CHENEY
SANDALWOOD
WALKER
CHIANTI
HAZELHURST
ALFRED
HILL VIEW
THOMPSON
PETITE SIRAH
PIERCE
SAN PABLO
PALOMINO
HACIENDA
PATSY
SPRINGBROOK
ARABIAN
CABERNET
CHARDONNAY
SALTBRUSH
CURTISS
MC COLLUM
SAN SIMEON
ACEBEDO
SADDLEBACK
FILLMORE
PATRICIA
ROCKVIEW
SAN BENITO
MURIETTA
SAN GABRIEL
ADOBE
MASON
RIVERGLEN
SAN MADELE
SECOND
MOUNTAIN VIEW
CARMELE
DOROTHY
EL CAMINO
BALBOA
LAGUNA
COPPER CANYON
TROTTER
APPALOOSA
SUNFLOWER
POPPY MEADOW
DOVEWOOD
CORVINA
COYOTE SPRINGS
PLEASANT PLEASANT
SECOND
MONTEREY
TYLER
THOMPSON
JOAQUIN
SUNSET
CAMBRIDGE
JAYNE
CHERRY
BAKER
ROOSEVELT
GRANT
PRINCETON
FOREST
SAN BENITO
LUCILLE
OIL CITY
PRINCETON
HOUSTON
SACRAMENTO
PRINCETON
TACHE
SAN MADELE
City of Coalinga Zoning Map
JAYNE
FIRESTONE
ALPINE
CALAVERAS
0 0.225 0.45 0.9 1.35
Miles
¯
Coalinga Municipal Airport
Pleasant Valley
State Prison
Future Wastewater
Treatment Plant
PHELPS
CALAVERAS
0 0.225 0.45 0.9
Miles
¯
LEGEND
RE Residential Estate
RSF Residential Single Family
RT Residential Traditional Neighborhood
RMD Residential Medium Density
RHD Residential High Density
CG General Commercial
CR Retail Center
CS Service Commercial
MU Mixed Use
MBH Heavy Manufacturing/Business
MBL Light Manufacturing/Business
PF Public Facilities
REC Recreation
AG Agricultural
OS Open Space/Conservation
0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
Miles
0 500 1,000 2,000 3,000
Feet ¯
Data Source: Fresno County, 2014. Map created by M-Group, January 2015 This map depicts parcel information from the County of Fresno.
Due to limitations inherent to the mapping process,
the precise location of features depicted on this map
may not be shown. The information on this map is not
intended to be used for engineering, financial, or
primary research.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix D – SB X7-7 Compliance Form
APPENDIX D
SB X7-7 COMPLIANCE FORM
SB X7-7 Table 0: Units of Measure Used in UWMP
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
(select one from the drop down list)
Million Gallons
The unit of measure must be consistent throughout the UWMP, as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.
NOTES:
NOTES:
SB X7-7 Table 2: Method for Population Estimate
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Method Used to Determine 2025 Population
(may check more than one)
1. Department of Finance (DOF) or
American Community Survey (ACS)
4. Other
DWR recommends pre-review
2. Persons-per-Connection Method
3. DWR Population Tool
2025 17,622
SB X7-7 Table 3: Service Area Population
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and
10608.20(h)(1)(2)
2025 Compliance Year Population
NOTES:
Exported
Water
Change in
Dist. System
Storage
(+/-)
Indirect
Recycled
Water
This column will
remain blank
until SB X7-7
Table 4-B is
completed.
Water
Delivered
for
Agricultural
Use
Process Water
This column will
remain blank
until SB X7-7
Table 4-D is
completed.
1,282 - - - - - 1,282
NOTES:
SB X7-7 Table 4: Gross Water Use
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
2025 Volume
Into
Distribution
System
This column will
remain blank until
SB X7-7 Table 4-A is
completed.
2025 Gross
Water Use
2025 Deductions
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.
Compliance
Year 2025
Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution System
1,282 1,282 -
Volume Entering
Distribution System
Meter Error
Adjustment
Optional
(+/-)
Corrected Volume
Entering
Distribution System
0 This water source is (check one):
The supplier's own water source
NOTES:
SB X7-7 Table 4-A: Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.
Name of Source Enter Name of Source 2
Name of Source
SB X7-7 Table 4-A: 2025 Volume Entering the Distribution System(s), Meter Error Adjustment
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
Complete one table for each source.
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.
Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
NOTES
This water source is (check one):
The supplier's own water source
A purchased or imported source
Coalinga Water Treatment Plant
Compliance Year
2025
A purchased or imported source
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.
Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document
Compliance Year
2025
Volume
Discharged
from
Reservoir for
Distribution
System
Delivery
Percent
Recycled
Water
Recycled
Water
Delivered to
Treatment
Plant
Transmission/
Treatment Loss
Recycled
Volume Entering
Distribution
System from
Surface
Reservoir
Augmentation
Volume Pumped
from
Groundwater for
Distribution
System Delivery
Percent
Recycled Water
Recycled Water
Delivered to
Treatment
Plant
Transmission/
Treatment Loss
Recycled
Volume
Entering
Distribution
System from
Ground Water
Recharge
- - - - -
NOTES:
2025 Groundwater Recharge
DWR NOTES:
Units of measure (AF, MG , or CCF) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP, as reported in SB X7-7 Table 0 and Submittal Table 2-3.
Suppliers will provide documentation to support the percentage of recycled water reported in this table.
SB X7-7 Table 4-B: Indirect Recycled Water Use Deduction (For use only by agencies that are deducting indirect recycled water) Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20(h)(1)(2)
2025 Compliance
Year
Total Deductible
Volume of Indirect
Recycled Water
Entering the
Distribution System
2025 Surface Reservoir Augmentation
Criteria 1- Industrial water use is equal to or greater than 12% of gross water use.
Complete SB X7-7 Table 4-C.1
Criteria 2 - Industrial water use is equal to or greater than 15 GPCD.
Complete SB X7-7 Table 4-C.2
Criteria 3 - Non-industrial use is equal to or less than 120 GPCD.
Complete SB X7-7 Table 4-C.3
Criteria 4 - Disadvantaged Community.
Complete SB X7-7 Table 4-C.4
SB X7-7 Table 4-C: Process Water Deduction Eligibility
Water Code Section 10608.20(i) and Title 23 Section 596 (For use only by agencies that are deducting process water) Choose Only One NOTES:
2025 Gross Water
Use Without
Process Water
Deduction
2025 Industrial
Water Use
Percent
Industrial
Water
Eligible for
Exclusion
Y/N
1,282 3% NO 33
NOTES:
SB X7-7 Table 4-C.1: Process Water Deduction Eligibility Water Code Section 10608.20(i) and Title 23 Section 596 (For use only by agencies that are deducting process water using Criteria 1) Criteria 1
Industrial water use is equal to or greater than 12% of gross water use 2025 Compliance Year
2025 Industrial
Water Use
2025 Population
2025
Industrial
GPCD
Eligible for
Exclusion Y/N
17,622 5 NO 33
NOTES:
SB X7-7 Table 4-C.2: Process Water Deduction Eligibility Water Code Section 10608.20(i) and Title 23 Section 596 (For use only by agencies that are deducting process water using Criteria 2) Criteria 2
Industrial water use is equal to or greater than 15 GPCD 2025 Compliance
Year
2025 Gross Water Use
Without Process Water
Deduction
(Fm SB X7-7 Table 4)
2025
Industrial
Water Use
2025 Nonindustrial
Water Use
2025
Population
Fm SB X7-7
Table 3
NonIndustrial
GPCD
Eligible for
Exclusion
Y/N
1,282 33 1,249 17,622 194 NO
NOTES:
Criteria 3
Non-industrial use is equal to or less than 120 GPCD
SB X7-7 Table 4-C.3: Process Water Deduction Eligibility Water Code Section 10608.20(i) and Title 23 Section 596 (For use only by agencies that are deducting process water using Criteria 3) 2025 Compliance
Year
Service Area Median
Household Income
Percentage of
Statewide
Average
Eligible for
Exclusion? Y/N
$75,451 75% YES
NOTES
California Median
Household Income
DWR NOTES: California median household income for 2024 as reported in US Census Bureau.
SB X7-7 Table 4-C.4: Process Water Deduction Eligibility Water Code Section 10608.20(i) and Title 23 Section 596 (For use only by agencies that are deducting process water using Criteria 4) Criteria 4
Disadvantaged Community. A “Disadvantaged Community” (DAC) is a community with a median household income less than 80 percent of the statewide average.
SELECT ONE
"Disadvantaged Community" status was determined using one of the methods listed below:
If using the IRWM DAC Mapping Tool, include a screen shot from the tool showing that the service area is considered a DAC.
1. IRWM DAC Mapping tool https://gis.water.ca.gov/app/dacs/
2. California Median Income
$100,149
2025 Gross Water
Fm SB X7-7 Table 4
2025 Population Fm
SB X7-7 Table 3 2025 GPCD
1,282 17,622 199
SB X7-7 Table 5: Gallons Per Capita Per Day (GPCD)
Water Code Section 10608.20 (e) and 10608.20 (h)(1)(2)
NOTES:
Extraordinary
Events
(GPCD)
Weather
Normalization
(GPCD)
Economic
Adjustment
(GPCD)
199 - - - 199 - 273 YES
NOTES:
DWR NOTES: All values are reported in GPCD
Suppliers that had a merger or consolidation since 2020 may use a population weighted average 2020 target. See Section P.1.2.1 of Appendix P.
SB X7-7 Table 9: 2025 Compliance
Water Code Section 10608.24(d)
Optional Adjustments to 2025 GPCD
Did Supplier
Achieve
Targeted
Reduction for
2025?
Actual 2025
GPCD
TOTAL 2020 Target
Adjustments
Adjusted 2025
GPCD (Adjusted
if applicable)
Enter "0" if Adjustment Not Used
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix E – Energy Intensity Tables
APPENDIX E
ENERGY INTENSITY TABLES
Water Management
Processes
WTP Total WWTP Total Sandlewood Creekside Hwy 33 Posa
Jan-25 170,644.96 66,162.04 16.13 130.61 340.29 283.18
Feb-25 161,900.00 64,858.92 15.64 118.89 260.00 278.92
Mar-25 188,724.64 59,094.04 167.67 116.09 348.10 280.90 Apr-25 221,407.36 61,397.98 905.48 103.99 318.56 248.15 May-25 268,964.32 65,804.64 927.00 101.28 548.66 250.50 Jun-25 334,316.48 65,721.00 966.96 113.38 546.45 258.23 Jul-25 328,217.12 71,285.96 891.54 103.12 505.20 230.86 Aug-25 327,008.96 73,965.70 869.44 98.17 467.14 234.41
Sep-25 343,224.64 79,706.72 971.65 107.57 314.60 269.73 Oct-25 278,026.72 68,191.40 943.25 100.68 348.53 270.37 Nov-25 223,731.52 81,085.04 1,072.69 143.63 368.64 322.70 Dec-25 171,624.16 71,782.68 921.89 120.71 353.68 313.76 Total 3,017,790.88 829,056.12 8,669.34 1,358.12 4,719.85 3,241.71 Wastewater Management Processes Month
Energy Usage (kWh)
Water Delivery Product
drop down list
(If delivering more than one type of product recommend using Table O-1C)
Retail Potable
Deliveries
Start Date of Reporting Period 1/1/2025
End Date of Reporting Period 12/31/2025
Is upstream embedded energy in the values reported? No
Units of Measure for Water MG Total Utility
See DWR NOTES
Hydropower Net Utility
1,282 - 1,282
3,017,791 - 3,017,791
2,354 - 2,354
Quantity of Self-Generated Renewable Energy
0 kWh
Data Quality (Estimate, Metered Data, Combination of Estimates and Metered Data) Metered Data
Data Quality Narrative:
Narrative:
(1) An estimate of the amount of energy used to extract or divert water supplies.
Optional Submittal Table O-1B: Recommended Energy Reporting - SINGLE DELIVERY PRODUCT - TOTAL UTILITY APPROACH Energy consumption values are based on metered electrical usage for the City's Water Treatment Plant (WTP) obtained from monthly utility billing records for the January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2025 reporting period. Monthly energy consumption values were summed to determine the total annual energy use of 3,017,791 kWh. The reported water volume of 1,282 MG represents the total volume of potable water treated at the WTP and entering the distribution system during the reporting period.
Energy intensity was calculated by dividing the total annual energy consumption by the annual potable water volume entering the distribution system, resulting in an energy intensity of approximately 2,354 kWh per million gallons (kWh/MG). No upstream embedded energy or self-generated renewable energy is included in the reported values. 10631.2. (a) In addition to the requirements of Section 10631, an urban water management plan shall include any of the following information that the urban water supplier can readily obtain:
(3) An estimate of the amount of energy used to treat water supplies. (4) An estimate of the amount of energy used to distribute water supplies though its distribution systems.
Only for Water Delivery Products Under the Urban Water Supplier's Operational Control Sum of All Water Management
Processes
Non-Consequential Hydropower
DWR NOTES:
Total Utility:The volume of water entered in the “Total Utility” column should equal the volume of water entering the distribution system (excluding recycled water); in most cases, this is the total volume calculated in UWMP Table 4-1: 2025 Actual Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water. Note if recycled water is included in your Submittal Table 4-1, you must exclude it from your volume in this table. (2) An estimate of the amount of energy used to convey water supplies to the water treatment plants or distribution systems.
NOTES:
This energy reporting summarizes the electrical energy required to treat and deliver the City's retail potable water supply during calendar year 2025 using the Total Utility reporting approach recommended by the DWR. The reported energy consumption includes electricity used for operation of the City's WTP and associated potable water delivery facilities under the City's operational control. Upstream embedded energy, non-consequential hydropower, and self-generated renewable energy are not included in the reported values. The reported energy intensity of 2,354 kWh per million gallons represents the average amount of electrical energy required to treat and deliver potable water entering the City's distribution system during the reporting period.
Volume of Water Entering Process
Energy Consumed (kWh)
Energy Intensity (kWh/vol. converted to MG)
(6) An estimate of the amount of energy used to place water into or withdraw from storage. (7) Any other energy-related information the urban water supplier deems appropriate. 10631.2 (b) The Department shall include in its guidance for the preparation of urban water management plans a methodology for the voluntary calculation or estimation of the energy intensity of urban water systems.
(5) An estimate of the amount of energy used for treated water supplies in comparison to the amount used for nontreated water supplies.
Start Date of Reporting Period 1/1/2025
End Date of Reporting Period 12/31/2025
Is upstream embedded energy in the values reported? Yes Units of Measure for Water MG Collection /
Conveyance Treatment
Discharge /
Distribution Total
314 314 - 628
17989.02 829056.12 - 847045.14
57.3 2640.3 0.0 1348.8
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quantity of Self-Generated Renewable Energy related to recycled water and wastewater operations
0 kWh
Data Quality (drop down)
Metered Data
Data Quality Narrative:
Narrative:
NOTES:
Volume of Wastewater Entering Process (volume units selected above) Wastewater Energy Consumed (kWh)
Volume of Recycled Water Entering Process (volume units selected above) Recycled Water Energy Consumed (kWh)
Wastewater Energy Intensity (kWh/volume converted to MG) Recycled Water Energy Intensity (kWh/volume converted to MG) Optional Submittal Table O-2: Recommended Energy Reporting - WASTEWATER AND RECYCLED WATER Only for Water Delivery Products Under the Urban Water
Supplier's Operational Control
Water Management Process
Wastewater energy consumption values are based on metered electrical usage obtained from monthly utility billing records for the City's wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and wastewater collection system lift stations for the January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2025 reporting period. Monthly electrical consumption values for the WWTP and each lift station were summed to determine the total annual wastewater energy use of 847,045 kWh.
The reported wastewater volume of 314 MG represents the total volume of wastewater entering the collection and treatment processes during the reporting period. Energy intensity values were calculated by dividing the annual energy consumption for each wastewater management process by the corresponding wastewater volume entering that process. The City did not produce recycled water or self-generated renewable energy during the reporting period. Upstream embedded energy associated with purchased electricity is included in the reported values.
This energy reporting summarizes the electrical energy associated with the City's wastewater collection and treatment operations during calendar year 2025, using the methodology recommended by DWR. The reported energy consumption includes electricity used to operate the wastewater collection system lift stations and the WWTP. No recycled water was produced during the reporting period; therefore, no recycled water energy consumption is reported. The City did not generate renewable energy associated with its wastewater operations. Reported energy intensity values represent the average electrical energy required to collect and treat wastewater based on the annual wastewater volume entering each process during the reporting period.
City of Coalinga
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix F – Municipal Code Chapter 4C Water Conservation
APPENDIX F
MUNICIPAL CODE CHAPTER 4C WATER CONSERVATION
CHAPTER 4C. WATER CONSERVATION
Coalinga, California, Code of Ordinances Created: 2025-06-23 07:43:04 [EST] (Supp. No. 17)