Corona City Council
February 5, 2025

DRAFT SUBSEQUENT EIR

GREEN RIVER RANCH SPA & BUSINESS PARK

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND
RELOCATION OF PCL - 1

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4.11-19
Table 4.11-3: GRRSPA (Modified Project) Conformance with City General Plan Goals Goal Project Conformance
participation, voluntary compliance
and community awareness of fire
safety issues in order to reduce the
incidence and severity of fire and
related emergencies and loss.
area, which requires conformance with the City of Corona Fire Department’s Fuel Modification Program. The Specific Plan incorporates landscaping standards and guidelines in compliance with that program for areas that are susceptible to wild land fire hazards.

The Specific Plan proposes a minimum 150’ fuel modification zone at the edge of the graded slope areas where they interface with the wild land hillside, as shown on Exhibit 14, Conceptual Landscape Plan. A more detailed Fuel Modification Plan will be submitted to the City for review and approval as part of Precise Plan approvals. Further, potential fire impacts and appropriate mitigation measures will be evaluated as part of the Environmental Impact Report prepared for the project.

PS-10: Reduce fire risk to life and
property through effective land use
planning and compliance with federal,
state, local laws, ordinances, and
standards.

Noise
N-1: Protect residents, visitors, and
noise-sensitive land uses from the
adverse human health and
environmental impacts created by
excessive noise levels from
transportation sources by requiring
proactive mitigation.

Potential noise impacts and appropriate mitigation measures will be evaluated as part of the Subsequent Environmental Impact Report prepared for the project.

N-2: Prevent and mitigate the adverse
impacts of excessive ambient noise
exposure, including vibration on
residents, employees, visitors, and
“noise sensitive” land uses.

N-3: Discourage the spillover or
encroachment of unacceptable noise
levels from mixed use, commercial,
and industrial land uses on to noise
sensitive land uses.

N-4: Minimize noise impacts created
by railroad transit and airport
operations and flight patterns on
residential areas and other “noise
sensitive” land use areas.

Healthy Community
HC-2: Protection of residents,
business, and visitors from exposure to
pollution and improvement of air
quality for the community.

Potential air quality impacts and appropriate mitigation measures will be evaluated as part of the Subsequent Environmental Impact Report prepared for the project.

HC-4: Ample opportunities for
housing that is safe, sanitary, and
healthful for residents of all ages,
abilities, and incomes.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan proposes to fill the demand for high-end custom home sites with 25,000 sq. ft. minimum lot sizes within the western portion of the City. According to market analysis, the demand for custom home sites is not being met within Corona. The

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Table 4.11-3: GRRSPA (Modified Project) Conformance with City General Plan Goals Goal Project Conformance
intent is to widen the range of housing opportunities available in the City and provide alternatives to conventional production housing in a location convenient to community services.

Environmental Resources
ER-1: Enhancement, protection, and
management of the quality and
quantity of hydrologic resources in
Corona to ensure its long-term quality
and sustainability.

A Hydrology Report and Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) that supplements the Green River Ranch Specific Plan have been prepared. A storm water infrastructure system will be installed as called for by the Specific Plan to handle storm water collection and discharge into the City’s storm water drainage system. A large portion of the estate residential area would remain undeveloped, allowing water to continue percolating into the natural drainage system. There is no development proposed in Planning Area 7.

ER-2: Sustainable use of finite water
resources for the long-term use of
residents, the business community, and
visitors of Corona.

The Water Supply Assessment prepared for the Green River Ranch Specific Plan demonstrates that an adequate supply of water is available for the project in addition to the City’s other water supply commitments.

ER-3: Long-term groundwater
sustainability of the local water supply
for domestic, commercial, industrial,
agricultural, environmental protection,
and other purposes.

There is a large portion of the Green River Ranch Specific Plan project site will be maintained as permeable surfaces to allow for groundwater infiltration. For further analysis, refer to the prepared Green River Ranch Hydrology Report and Subsequent Environmental Impact Report.

ER-4: Proper management of
floodplain and riparian areas for their
importance to wildlife habitat, unique
and sensitive plant life, water recharge,
and public health and safety.

A portion of the estate residential area would remain undeveloped, allowing water to percolate into the natural drainage system and groundwater table and for riparian areas to continue serving as habitat for wildlife.

ER-5: Preservation and protection of
natural and manmade wetlands from
development impacts for their
importance to wildlife habitat, unique
and sensitive plant life, water recharge,
and scenic value.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan advocates for sensitive placement of residential developmental building pads for the protection and preservation of natural and man-made wetlands from development impacts for their importance of wildlife habitat, unique and sensitive plant life, water recharge and scenic value. For additional analysis on biological preservation and protection, refer to the Biological Resources section of the Subsequent Environmental Impact Report prepared for the Green River Ranch Specific Plan.

ER-6: Protection, enhancement, and
sustaining of significant plant and
wildlife species and habitat that exist in
Corona and its Planning Area, for the
long-term benefit of the natural
environment and Corona residents and
visitors.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan provides for a mix of general commercial, estate residential, and business park industrial uses. The non-residential uses will occur near SR-91 in the most non-sensitive portions of the property for biological resources. The Green River Ranch Specific Plan advocates for sensitive placement of residential developmental building pads in the southern portion of the property for the protection and preservation of sensitive biological resources. For additional analysis on biological resources, refer to the Biological Resources section of the Subsequent Environmental Impact Report prepared for the Green River Ranch Specific Plan.

ER-7: Adequate protection of
biological resources and increased
public awareness of their value to the
community.

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Table 4.11-3: GRRSPA (Modified Project) Conformance with City General Plan Goals Goal Project Conformance
ER-8: Protection of forest and
vegetation resources in the City of
Corona.

ER-9: Protection of regional washes
and waterways and their use for
recreational and open space purposes
such as trails, habitat preservation, and
groundwater recharge.

ER-12: Improvement in air quality
within the Corona Planning Area by
controlling point sources, reducing
vehicle trips, implementing efficient
land use planning and construction
practices, and energy conservation.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan is located in the SR-91 corridor area. The development of commercial and industrial business park nonresidential uses in this area will reduce trip distances, and associated vehicular air emissions, by providing a short trip length to and from the site and the State Highway System. Development in the Specific Plan area will be required to comply with the California Green Building Standards Code, which requires energy conservation in construction practices.

ER-13: Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions from City operations and
community-wide sources 15% below
2008 levels by 2020, 49% below 2008
levels by 2030, and 66% below 2008
levels by 2040.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan will not obstruct the City’s ability to reduce GHG operations from City operations. Refer to the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Report prepared for the Green River Ranch Specific Plan Subsequent Environmental Impact Analysis for an analysis of project-specific GHG emissions and an explanation of consistency with GHG reduction goals.

As presented in the discussions contained in Table 4.11-2, the Modified Project would be consistent with applicable Connect SoCal goals regarding sustainable communities, efficient transportation systems, and GHG reduction measures. As presented in the discussions contained in and 4.11-3, the Modified Project would conform with applicable City General Plan Goals regarding: Type, Distribution and Form of Land Uses; Growth and Development; Community Quality and Sense of Place; General Residential; Existing Residential Neighborhoods; New Residential Neighborhoods; Commercial and Office Districts; Industrial Districts; Mixed Use Districts; Housing Production; Neighborhood Quality; Fair Housing; Community Design Context; City Entries and Monumentation; Community Signage and Wayfinding; Visual Resources; Paleontological Resources; Economic Base; Labor Force; Fiscal Viability; Financing Opportunities; Economic Development Program; Local Thoroughfares and Routes; Intercity and Regional Transportation; Transportation Management; Public Transportation; Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities; Goods Movement; Parking; Water System; Sewer/Reclaimed Water; Storm Drainage; Solid Waste Management; Energy; Telecommunications; Seismic and Geologic Hazards; Flooding and Inundation; Hazardous Materials; Police Services; Fire Hazards; Transportation Noise; Reduction in Pollution Exposure; Safe and Sanitary Housing; Water Resources; Biological Resources; and

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Air Resources. The Modified Project’s consistency with applicable goals in SCAG’s Connect SoCal and conformance with applicable goals in the City General Plan results in a less than significant impact regarding a conflict with a land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect and no mitigation is required.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

4.11.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

As discussed under Impact LU-1, the Modified Project would not physically divide an established community. Similarly, the Modified Project was found to be consistent with applicable Connect SoCal and General Plan land use plans, policies, and regulations adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect. Lastly, as detailed in Section

4.3 of this SEIR, the Modified Project was found to be consistent with the WR-MSHCP. The Modified Project’s impacts associated with these three topics were determined to be less than significant. All three of these topics are inherently cumulative in nature, and therefore the Modified Project’s cumulative impacts are less than significant. The Modified Project’s impacts associated with land use and planning are consistent with the impacts identified in the 2001 EIR and the level of impact (less than significant) remains unchanged.

4.11.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures were included in the 2001 EIR.

4.11.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT No mitigation measures are required.

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4.12-1

4.12 MINERAL RESOURCES

4.12.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing mineral resources within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential changes in impacts to mineral resources from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. No Scoping Meeting comments or NOP comment letters were received pertaining to this topic.

4.12.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would result in no impact related to mineral resources as follows.
a) Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be a value to the region and the residents of the state?
b) Result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan? The General Plan at that time did not designate the GRRSP Planning Area as a location where mineral resources should be preserved. At the time the 2001 EIR prepared, a vast majority of the GRRSP Planning Area was located in unincorporated Riverside County, outside of the City’s limits but within the Sphere of Influence (SOI). The General Plan at that time designated the portion of the GRRSP Planning Area within the SOI as Light Industry and Agriculture/Rural Residential, thereby indicating the City’s commitment to allow future development of the Planning area. Consequently, the 2001 EIR concluded development of the GRRSP would not result in a significant impact to mineral resources and no mitigation was required.

4.12.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The GRRSP Planning Area geology includes sedimentary rock overlayed with alluvium deposits. The deposits include older alluvium related to ancient channels of the Santa Ana River and younger alluvium from the Santa Ana River and tributary drainages from the Santa Ana Mountains. Construction related mineral deposits consisting of clays, sand, gravel and rock are found in the Santa Ana Mountains, plus trace amounts of silver, lead, zinc, coal, and gypsum.

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4.12.4 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES (PDF)
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.12.5 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal regulations related to mineral resources that apply to the Modified Project.

STATE REGULATIONS
There are no State regulations related to mineral resources that apply to the Modified Project.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
There are no regional regulations related to mineral resources that apply to the Modified Project.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona Municipal Code
The Corona Municipal Code, Title 19, Surface Mining and Regulations, is intended to regulate surface mining operations and reclamation plans in accordance with SMARA. The ordinance was intended to ensure that: (1) subsequent beneficial uses of mined and reclaimed land are promoted and the land is returned to a usable condition; (2) groundwater supply, recreation, watershed, wildlife, range and forage, and aesthetic enjoyment are given appropriate consideration in the planning process; and 3) the production and conservation of mineral resources are encouraged. The ordinance addresses: surface mining permits and reclamation plans, minimum site performance standards, annual inspections and financial security, and enforcement. The municipal code requires a Mineral Resource Overlay on all lands identified for mineral resource protection in Corona and its sphere of influence. As required by state law, the City adopted required local regulations pursuant Ordinance No. 2386, which was certified by the State Mining and Geology Board in 1999.

4.12.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant agricultural and forest resources impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Project-related component would:

Threshold MIN-1 Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be a value to the region and the residents of the state?

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Threshold MIN-2 Result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan?

METHODOLOGY
Potential impacts to mineral resources associated with the Modified Project were evaluated by examining the location of known, mapped, existing mineral resources and evaluating the Modified Project’s effect on such resources.

4.12.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Impacts
Would the
Modified
Project result
in new or
more severe
impacts
requiring
revisions to
the Prior EIR?
Would the Modified
Project be
implemented under
changed
circumstances
resulting in new or
more severe impacts
requiring revisions to
the Prior EIR?
Is there new
information that
would result in
new or more severe
impacts from the
Modified Project
requiring revisions
to the Prior EIR?
Would the
Modified Project
result in
eliminated,
reduced, or no
changes to
impacts and no
changes to the
Prior EIR are
required?
Would the project:

MIN-1 Result in the loss of
availability of a
known mineral
resource that would
be a value to the
region and the
residents of the
state?
MIN -2 Result in the loss of
availability of a
locally important
mineral resource
recovery site
delineated on a
local general plan,
specific plan or
other land use plan?

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IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact MIN-1: Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be a value to the region and the residents of the state? Impact MIN-2: Result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The City’s General Plan Figure ER-8 maps locations of industrial minerals within the City’s SOI, showing the southern portion of the GRRSP Planning Area partially covered by an MRZ3a area, indicative of areas containing known mineral occurrences of undetermined mineral resource significance. General Plan Figure ER-9 maps the location of aggregate resources within the City’s SOI, showing none of the GRRSP Planning Area is mapped as an aggregate zone. General Plan Figure ER-10 maps the location of areas of regional mineral significance within the City’s SOI, showing none of the GRRSP Planning Area is mapped as an area of regional mineral significance. The southern portion of the GRRSP Planning Area that is mapped as MRZ-3b is part proposed PA 6, planned for Open Space General and dedication to the RCA for inclusion in the habitat reserve assembly in accordance with the WR-MSHCP.

For these reasons, the Modified Project would not result in the loss of or availability of a locally or regionally significant mineral resource resulting in a less than significant impact requiring no mitigation. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

4.12.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

As discussed under Impact MIN-1 and MIN-2, the Modified Project would not result in the loss of or availability of a locally or regionally significant mineral resource. Consistency with the City’s General Plan goals regarding mineral resource protection and adherence to the Municipal Code’s obligatory requirements regarding mineral resource protection, all development projects within the City will ensure mineral resources are adequately protected.

Therefore, the Modified Project’s effect on mineral resources are cumulatively less than significant. The Modified Project’s cumulative impacts associated with mineral resources are

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consistent with the impacts identified in the 2001 EIR and the level of impact (less than significant) remains unchanged.

4.12.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures were included in the 2001 EIR.

4.12.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT No mitigation measures are required.

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4.13 NOISE

4.13.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing noise conditions within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential noise impacts from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project.

The Public Scoping Meeting comments from Bruce Fields, Jeanmarie Martinez, and Craig Reiter were received pertaining to this topic. The NOP comment letters from California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Don Osborne were received pertaining to this topic.

This section of the Draft SEIR is based in part on the Green River Ranch Specific Plan Amendment, SP00-001 Amendment No.1, Noise and Vibration Analysis (Noise Study), June 4, 2024, Urban Crossroads (Appendix L).

4.13.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would result in no impact related to mineral resources as follows.
a) Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? Construction Traffic Noise
The 2001 EIR analyzed traffic noise impacts associated with construction of the GRRSP.

During construction of each phase of development, transport of construction equipment/materials to the construction site and worker commutes would incrementally increase noise levels on access roads leading to the site. Although there would be relatively high single event noise exposures (up to 87 dBA Lmax at 50 feet from passing trucks), when averaged over a longer period of time such as one hour or eight hours, the effect in long-term ambient noise levels would be less than 3.0 dBA which is the audible change that humans perceive. The 2001 EIR concluded short-term construction noise impacts associated with worker commute and equipment transport would not result in significant adverse impacts on noise-sensitive receptors along the access routes leading to the Approved Project, and no mitigation was identified.

On-Site Construction Noise
The 2001 EIR analyzed on-site noise impacts associated with construction of the GRRSP.

During construction of the Mixed Use (MU) area in PA 1 and Estate Residential (ER) area in

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PA 6 of the Approved Project, noise levels from grading and other construction activities were determined to reach up to 79 dBA at the closest residential homes within 200 feet of the PA 1 and 6 boundaries located east of the Approved Project site for very limited time periods during construction. The short-term noise levels at these homes would exceed the exterior noise standard for residential uses and was concluded to be a significant impact requiring mitigation.

The 2001 EIR introduced Mitigation Measures MMs 4.4.1A thru MM 4.4.1C to reduce the level of noise and associated impact. Even with implementation of these mitigation measure, the 2001 EIR determined the impact would remain significant and unavoidable to the residences within 200 feet of eastern southern property line during grading.

Operational Traffic Noise
The 2001 EIR analyzed traffic noise impacts associated with operations of the GRRSP, concluding such noise impacts on nearby sensitive uses would be less than significant.

However, the 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project’s ER dwelling units would be exposed to noise levels exceeding standards. Mitigation Measures MMs 4.4.2A and 4.4.2B was introduced to mitigate these impacts to less than significant. The environment’s impacts on a proposed project are “reverse CEQA” and therefore not an impact from a proposed project on the environment. For this reason, it can be concluded operational traffic noise impacts from the approved Project would be less than significant with no mitigation required.

On-Site Operational Noise
The 2001 EIR analyzed on-site noise impacts associated with operations of the GRRSP.

Operational on-site noise impacts would be generated by stationary sources at the planned MU and GC commercial, retail, and industrial uses in PAs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 of the Approved Project. The planned on-site commercial and industrial uses would generate noise from loading/unloading activities and other activities at the parking lot. These activities are point sources of noise that could affect noise sensitive receptors adjacent to the commercial and industrial uses within the Approved Project. The 2001 EIR concluded no significant operational noise impacts would occur from on-site stationary sources. b) Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? The 2001 EIR did not analyze potential impacts associated with the Approved Project’s groundborne vibration or groundborne noise impacts.
c) For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels?
The 2001 EIR analyzed potential affects on air traffic movements, and concluded no impact would occur because no air corridors exist on, or in the vicinity of the Approved Project site.

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4.13.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
Ambient noise in the GRRSP Planning Area is dominated by traffic noise from SR-91 and Green River Road. To describe the existing noise environment, noise levels were measured at nearby sensitive receiver locations surrounding the Modified Project site. Table 4.13-1 identifies the hourly daytime (7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.), nighttime (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.), and Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) noise levels at each noise level measurement location.

Table 4.13-1: 24-Hour Ambient Noise Level Measurements
Location Description
Energy Average
Noise Level
(dBA Leq)1 CNEL
Daytime Nighttime
L1
Located north of the Project site on
Prado Road near existing single-family
residential home at 4567 Pennyroyal
Drive.

68.6 69.2 75.8
L2
Located east of the Project site on
Dominguez Ranch Road near existing
single-family residential home at 1230
Dominguez Ranch Road.

63.1 61.1 68.2
L3
Located west of the Project site on San
Viscaya Circle near existing singlefamily residential home at 4311 San Viscaya Circle.

52.1 47.5 55.2
L4
Located west of the Project site on
Green River Road by James Dawson
indoor lodging at 19800 Lords
Canyon.

68.3 64.5 71.9
L5
Located northwest of the Project stie
on Crestridge Drive near existing
single-family residential home at 4717
Green River Road.

64.7 61.1 69.0
1 Energy (logarithmic) average levels. The long-term 24-hour measurement worksheets are included in Appendix W. "Daytime" = 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.; "Nighttime" = 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.

4.13.4 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES (PDF)
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.13.5 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal regulations related to noise that apply to the Modified Project.

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STATE REGULATIONS
California regulates freeway noise, sets standards for sound transmission, provides occupational noise control criteria, identifies noise standards, and provides guidance for local land use compatibility. State law requires that each county and city adopt a General Plan that includes a Noise Element which is to be prepared per guidelines adopted by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR). The purpose of the Noise Element is to limit the exposure of the community to excessive noise levels. In addition, CEQA requires that all known environmental effects of a project be analyzed, including environmental noise impacts.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
There are no regional regulations related to noise that apply to the Modified Project.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona General Plan Noise Element
The City of Corona has adopted a General Plan Noise Element to control and abate environmental noise, and to protect the citizens of the City of Corona from excessive exposure to noise. The Noise Element specifies the maximum allowable exterior noise levels for new developments impacted by transportation noise sources such as arterial roads, freeways, airports and railroads. In addition, the Noise Element identifies several polices to minimize the impacts of excessive noise levels throughout the community and establishes noise level requirements for all land uses. To protect City of Corona residents from excessive noise, the Noise Element contains the following four goals:
• Goal N-1: Protect residents, visitors, and noise-sensitive land uses from the adverse human health and environmental impacts created by excessive noise levels from transportation sources by requiring proactive mitigation. • Goal N-2: Prevent and mitigate the adverse impacts of excessive ambient noise exposure on residents, employees, visitors, and noise-sensitive land uses. • Goal N-3: Discourage the spillover or encroachment of unacceptable noise levels from mixed use, commercial, and industrial land uses on to noise sensitive land uses. • Goal N-4: Minimize noise impacts created by railroad transit and airport operations and flight patterns on residential areas and other “noise sensitive” land use areas.

The noise criteria identified in the Noise Element, Table N-1: Noise Levels and Land Use Compatibility Guidelines, are guidelines to evaluate the land use compatibility of transportation related noise. The compatibility criteria shown on General Plan Noise Element provides the City with a planning tool to gauge the compatibility of land uses relative to

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existing and future exterior noise levels. The Noise Levels and Land Use Compatibility Guidelines describes categories of compatibility and not specific noise standards.

Noise Levels and Land Use Compatibility
The proposed GRRSPA contains BPI and GC land uses that are considered clearly compatible with unmitigated exterior noise levels of less than 70 dBA CNEL, normally compatible with unmitigated exterior noise levels above 80 dBA CNEL. Although specific development plans are proposed for the BPI Development but not proposed for the other GC and ER of the GRRSP, the noise sensitive ER land uses are considered clearly compatible with unmitigated exterior noise levels of less than 60 dBA CNEL, normally compatible with unmitigated exterior noise levels above 70 dBA CNEL and clearly incompatible with unmitigated exterior noise levels above 70 dBA CNEL. For normally compatible land use, new construction should be undertaken only after detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements and needed noise insulation features are determined. Conventional construction, with windows closed and fresh air supply or air conditioning, will normally suffice. For normally incompatible land use, new construction or development should generally be discouraged. If new construction or development does proceed, a detailed analysis of noise reduction requirements must be made and needed noise insulation features included in the design. For clearly incompatible land use, new construction or development should generally not be undertaken.

Land Use Noise Standards
The General Plan Noise Element specifies the maximum noise levels allowable for new developments impacted by transportation noise sources such as arterial roads, freeways, airports and railroads. For noise-sensitive residential land uses, Noise Element Table N-2:

Interior and Exterior Noise Standards indicates that the exterior noise levels shall not exceed 65 dBA CNEL and interior noise levels of 45 dBA CNEL. The 65 dBA CNEL exterior noise standards typically apply to outdoor areas where people congregate. The City does not identify any exterior noise standards for the proposed BPI Development or planned GC uses.

Operational Noise Standards
To analyze noise impacts originating from the GRRSPA, operational source noise such as loading dock activity, truck movements, roof-top air conditioning units, gas station activity, drive-thru activity, and trash enclosure activity, car wash tunnels and car wash vacuums are typically evaluated against standards established under a City’s Municipal Code. Municipal Code, Section 17.84.040 Noise, provides noise control guidelines for determining and mitigating non-transportation or stationary-source noise impacts from operations at private properties. The Municipal Code defines Stationary Noise Source Standards in Section

17.84.040[C][2], Table 1, for different land uses. For noise-sensitive residential properties, the Municipal Code identifies operational noise level limits for the daytime (7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.) hours of 55 dBA L50 and 50 dBA L50 during the nighttime (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.)

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hours. These standards shall apply for a cumulative period of 30 minutes in any hour, as well as plus 5 dBA cannot be exceeded for a cumulative period of more than 15 minutes in any hour, or the standard plus 10 dBA for a cumulative period of more than 5 minutes in any hour, or the standard plus 15 dBA for a cumulative period of more than 1 minute in any hour, or the standard plus 20 dBA for any period of time.

4.13.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant agricultural and forest resources impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Project-related component would:

Threshold N-1 Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies?
Threshold N-2 Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels?
Threshold N-3 For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels?

METHODOLOGY
Potential noise impacts associated with the Modified Project were evaluated using the significance criteria summarized in Tables 4.13-2 and 4.13.3 as follows.

Table 4.13-2: Significance Criteria Summary
Analysis Receiving
Land Use Condition(s) Significant Criteria
Daytime Nighttime
Off-Site
Traffic
Noise
Sensitive1
if ambient is < 60 dBA CNEL ≥ 5 dBA CNEL Project increase if ambient is 60 - 65 dBA CNEL ≥ 3 dBA CNEL Project increase if ambient is > 65 dBA CNEL ≥ ≥ 1.5 dBA CNEL Project increase Non-NoiseSensitive2 if ambient is > 70 dBA CNEL ≥ ≥ 3 dBA CNEL Project increase On-Site
Traffic
Residential3 Exterior Noise Level 65 dBA CNEL
Interior Noise Level 45 dBA CNEL
Operational
NoiseSensitiveExterior Noise Level Standards4 See Table 4.13-3 if ambient is < 60 dBA Leq1 ≥ 5 dBA Leq Project increase

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Table 4.13-2: Significance Criteria Summary
Analysis Receiving
Land Use Condition(s) Significant Criteria
Daytime Nighttime
if ambient is 60-65 dBA Leq1 ≥ 3 dBA Leq Project increase if ambient is > 65 dBA Leq1 ≥ 1.5 dBA Leq Project increase Non-NoiseSensitive2If ambient is > 70 dBA CNEL ≥ 3 dBA Leq Project increase Construction
NoiseSensitiveProhibited between the hours of 8:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m., Monday through Saturday and 6:00 p.m. to 10:00 a.m. on Sundays and federal holidays.5 Noise Level Threshold6 80 dBA Leq 70 dBA Leq
Vibration Level Threshold7 0.05 in/sec RMS
1 FICON, 1992.
2 City of Corona General Plan Noise Element (Table N-1) 3 City of Corona General Plan Noise Element Table N-2 Interior and Exterior Noise Standards. 4 City of Corona Municipal Code, Section 17.84.040 Noise[C][2] (Appendix 3.1). 5 City of Corona Municipal Code, Section 17.84.040[D][2] Noise (Appendix 3.1). 6 Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, 2018. 7 City of Corona Municipal Code, Section 17.84.050 Vibration (Appendix 3.1). "Daytime" = 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.; "Nighttime" = 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.; "RMS" = root-mean-square Table 4.13-3: Operational Noise Standards
Jurisdiction Land Use Time
Period
Exterior Noise Level Standards (dBA Leq)2
L50
(30
mins)
L25
(15 mins)
L8
(5 mins)
L2
(1 min)
Lmax
(anytime)
City of
Corona1
Residential Daytime 55 60 65 70 75
Nighttime 50 55 60 65 70
Commercial Daytime 65 70 75 80 85
Nighttime 60 65 70 75 80
Industrial Daytime 75 80 85 90 95
Nighttime 70 75 80 85 90
1 City of Corona Municipal Code, Section 17.84.040 Noise (Appendix 3.1). 2 The percent noise level is the level exceeded "n" percent of the time during the measurement period. L50 is the noise level exceeded 50% of the time.
"Daytime" = 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.; "Nighttime" = 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.

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4.13.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Impacts
Would the
Modified
Project result
in new or
more severe
impacts
requiring
revisions to
the Prior
EIR?
Would the
Modified Project be
implemented under
changed
circumstances
resulting in new or
more severe
impacts requiring
revisions to the
Prior EIR?
Is there new
information that
would result in
new or more
severe impacts
from the
Modified Project
requiring
revisions to the
Prior EIR?
Would the
Modified
Project result in
eliminated,
reduced, or no
changes to
impacts and no
changes to the
Prior EIR are
required?
Would the project:

N-1 Generation of a substantial
temporary or permanent
increase in ambient noise
levels in the vicinity of the
project in excess of
standards established in the
local general plan or noise
ordinance, or applicable
standards of other agencies?
N-2 Generation of excessive
groundborne vibration or
groundborne noise levels?
N-3 For a project located within
the vicinity of a private
airstrip or an airport land
use plan or, where such a
plan has not been adopted,
within two miles of a public
airport or public use airport,
would the project expose
people residing or working
in the project area to
excessive noise levels?

IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact N-1: Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

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Construction Noise
Noise generated by during construction of each phase of the Modified Project will include a combination of trucks, power tools, concrete mixers, and portable generators that when combined can reach high levels. The number and mix of construction equipment are expected to occur in the following stages of construction: demolition; site preparation; grading; building construction; paving; and architectural coating. As shown in Table 4.13-2, Municipal Code Section 17.84.040[D][2] states that construction noise is prohibited between the hours of 8:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m., Monday through Saturday and 6:00 p.m. to 10:00 a.m. on Sundays and federal holidays to prevent high levels of construction noise from impacting noise-sensitive land uses.

The Noise Study evaluated potential construction noise impacts by adding construction noise estimated for each stage of construction to existing noise levels measured at receiver locations in the northern and eastern edges of the GRRSP boundary. Using typical construction equipment noise levels and the CadnaA noise prediction model, construction noise levels were calculated and associated impacts were identified assuming multiple pieces of equipment were in operations simultaneously at the nearest sensitive receiver locations. To assess the upper end of potential noise levels and therefore avoid under estimating potential impacts, the construction noise analysis used the highest noise level impacts when the equipment with the highest reference noise level was operating at the closest point from the edge of construction to each receiver location. Based on these conservative assumptions, the construction noise levels were determined to range from 46.6 to 69.9 dBA Leq, and the highest construction levels were determined to range from 56.7 to 69.9 dBA Leq at the nearest receiver location R1 located north of proposed PA 4, north of SR-91 and Prado Road, near existing single-family residences on Pennyroyal Drive. The Noise Study determined a construction-related daytime noise level threshold of 80 dBA Leq is a reasonable threshold to assess the daytime construction noise level impacts. Based on the highest construction noise level of 69.9 dBA Leq calculated at receiver location R1, daytime construction noise would satisfy the daytime 80 dBA Leq significance threshold during construction of all phases of the GRRSP (Modified Project). Therefore, construction noise impacts are considered less than significant at all receiver locations and no mitigation is required.

Although a noise variance from the City of Corona is required, nighttime concrete pouring activities may occur as a part of construction activities to reduce concrete mixer truck delivery times during off peak traffic periods and to take advantage of naturally occurring lower nighttime air temperatures. These activities are typically limited to the actual building area.

Since the nighttime concrete pours may take place outside the permitted hours of construction, the Project Applicant or Contractor would be required to obtain prior authorization for nighttime work from the City and receipt of a Noise Variance application pursuant to

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Municipal Code Section 17.84.040(H). The noise variance would need to be approved prior to the issuance of a grading or building permit associated with the nighttime work.

The Noise Study estimated noise levels during concrete pour activities (paving) and determined noise levels would range from 43.4 to 62.5 dBA Leq at the nearest sensitive receiver locations. Based on a nighttime noise level significance threshold of 70 dBA Leq, the Noise Study concluded noise levels during nighttime concrete pour activities would satisfy the nighttime construction noise level significance threshold. Therefore, the unmitigated nighttime concrete pour noise level impacts are considered less than significant and no mitigation is required.

For these reasons, the Modified Project would not result in a construction noise impact during construction of all phases of the GRRSP’s development and no mitigation is required.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater construction noise impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Operational Traffic Noise
Off-site transportation noise level impacts were determined based estimating roadway noise levels using traffic volumes from the GRRSPA Traffic Study for each phase of the proposed GRRSPA and for existing, opening year, and future horizon year scenarios. Noise contours were developed measured in CNEL from the center of the roadway for the 70, 65, and 60 dBA CNEL noise levels. A summary of the noise levels for each scenario with buildout of the GRRSP follows.

Existing Plus Project Buildout Traffic Noise Level Impacts: An analysis of existing traffic noise levels plus traffic noise generated by the entire GRRSP was provided to fully analyze project level impacts attributable to the Modified Project. Although there are no development plans included as part of the Modified Project for the GC (PA 4) and ER (PA 5), the buildout condition was provided for informational purposes and is not expected to occur.

Existing with Project Buildout traffic noise levels were estimated to range from 66.2 to 73.2 dBA CNEL. The noise level increase attributable to the Modified Project was determined to range from 0.2 to 0.8 dBA CNEL. Based on the significance criteria for off-site traffic noise presented in Table 4.13-2, land uses adjacent to the study area roadway segments would experience less than significant noise level increases on receiving land uses due to projectrelated traffic. For these reasons, the Modified Project would not result in an operational traffic noise impact in the existing condition with all phases of the GRRSP’s development and no mitigation is required.

Opening Year Cumulative Plus Project Buildout Traffic Noise Level Impacts: Opening Year Cumulative with Project Buildout traffic noise levels were estimated to range from 66.4 to 72.0 dBA CNEL. The noise level increase attributable to the Modified Project was determined to

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range from 0.2 to 1.7 dBA CNEL. Based on the significance criteria for off-site traffic noise presented in Table 4.13-2, land uses adjacent to the study area roadway segments would experience less than significant noise level increases on receiving land uses due to projectrelated traffic. For these reasons, the Modified Project would not result in an operational traffic noise impact in the opening year cumulative scenario with all phases of the GRRSP’s development and no mitigation is required.

Future Horizon Year Plus Project Buildout Traffic Noise Level Impacts: Future Horizon Year with Project Buildout traffic noise levels were estimated to range from 66.4 to 72.4 dBA CNEL. The noise level increase attributable to the Modified Project was determined to range from 0.2 to 1.6 dBA CNEL. Based on the significance criteria for off-site traffic noise presented in Table 4.13-2, land uses adjacent to the study area roadway segments would experience less than significant noise level increases on receiving land uses due to projectrelated traffic. For these reasons, the Modified Project would not result in an operational traffic noise impact in the future horizon year scenario with all phases of the GRRSP’s development and no mitigation is required.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater operational traffic noise impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

On-Site Operational Noise
The Noise Study evaluated potential stationary-source operational noise impacts at the nearest receiver locations resulting from the operation of the proposed GRRSPA. Because there are no development details for the proposed GC uses in PA 4, the underlying uses permitted or conditionally permitted in the proposed GRRSPA for the GC land use designation by were used to estimate operational noise levels from this area of the GRRSP.

To estimate operational commercial noise, several commercial noise sources were assumed throughout the GC area in PA 4 to ensure potential noise from the potential GC are addressed.

At the time the Noise Study was prepared, future tenants of the Modified Project including the BPI Development were unknown. Therefore, the operational noise analysis defined noise level impacts associated with the expected typical of daytime and nighttime activities associated with the range of land uses that could occur in each of the GRRSP PAs. It was assumed the GC land uses would operate during normal business hours and the BPI Development would operate 24 hours per day, seven days per week. The BPI industrial and warehouse operations would primarily be conducted within the enclosed buildings, except for traffic movement, parking, as well as loading and unloading of trucks at designated loading bays. The GC and BPI on-site project-related noise sources could include a wide range of noise sources.

Operational noise levels from these types of activities were used to estimate expected noise levels resulting from development and operation of the Modified Project. The reference noise

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level measurements represent typical noises from a range of operational activities including:
loading dock activity, truck movements, roof-top air conditioning units, gas station activity, parking lot vehicle movements, drive-thru activity, trash enclosure activity, car wash tunnels and car wash vacuums. The projected noise levels assume a worst-case noise condition in which these noise activities were in operation continuously, although these sources of noise will likely vary throughout the day.

Noise level measurements were collected from existing noise activity locations to obtain reference noise levels. The resulting referenced noise levels used in the analysis of operational noise impacts are as follows:
• Loading Dock Activity: Reference noise level measurements were taken in the center of loading docks, and represent multiple concurrent noise sources resulting in a combined noise level of 65.7 dBA Leq at a uniform distance of 50 feet. • Truck Movements: Truck movements reference noise level measurement were taken over a 15-minute period and represent multiple noise sources producing a reference noise level of 58.0 dBA Leq at 50 feet.
• Roof-Top Air Conditioning Units: The noise level measurements collected represent a single mechanical roof-top air conditioning unit, a Lennox SCA120 series 10-ton model packaged air conditioning unit. At the uniform reference distance of 50 feet, the reference noise level is 57.2 dBA Leq.
• Gas Station Activity: A noise level measurement was collected at a gas station that included six cars fueling at once, car doors closing, engines starting, fuel pump running, TV sounds, and background car pass-by events within a 3-minute period. At 50 feet from the gas station, a reference noise level of 48.2 dBA Leq was measured. • Parking Lot Vehicle Movements: A 29-hour reference noise level measurement was collected in the center of warehouse distribution center staff parking lot of a. At 50 feet from the center, the parking lot produced a reference noise level of 56.1 dBA Leq. • Drive-Thru Activity. A noise level measurement was collected at drive-thru with speakerphones and vehicle activity. The noise sources included in the reference noise level measurement consisted of voices of the employees over the speakerphone, customers’ voices ordering food, car engines idling, car radios playing music, and cars queuing in the drive-thru lane. At 50 feet from the speakerphone, a reference noise level of 51.5 dBA Leq was measured.
• Trash Enclosure Activity: The measured reference noise level at the uniform 50-foot reference distance is 57.3 dBA Leq for the trash enclosure activity. The reference trash enclosure activity included two metal gates opening and closing, metal scraping against

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concrete floors, dumpster movement on metal wheels, trash dropping into the metal dumpster, and background parking lot vehicle movements. • Car Wash Tunnel: A reference noise level measurement was collected at a car wash to define typical noise from air blowers used in a car wash tunnel. A reference noise level of 74.3 dBA Leq was measured at a uniform distance of 50 feet. The reference noise level measurement includes an exposed five-unit air blower system with background pressure washer noise. The air dryers within were assumed to be operating continuously during the peak operating conditions. The car wash tunnel would be limited to daytime hours only.
• Car Wash Vacuum: A reference noise level measurement was collected at an express car wash, representing up to four vacuums operating simultaneously. At a uniform reference distance of 50 feet, the vacuum reference noise level was 54.6 dBA Leq. The car wash vacuum would be limited to the daytime hours only.

Using the reference noise levels described above, operations of the GC and BPI Development land uses would include noise from loading dock activity, truck movements, roof-top air conditioning units, gas station activity, drive-thru activity, trash enclosure activity, car wash tunnels and car wash vacuums. Based on the reference noise levels and their location within the GRRSP Planning Area, project-related noise level increases would be experienced at each of the sensitive receiver locations. Operational noise levels during the daytime hours of 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. were estimated to range from 32.3 to 53.6 dBA Leq. Operational noise levels during the nighttime hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. were estimated to range from 30.6 to

49.6 dBA Leq.

Evaluation of project-only operational noise levels for compliance with the City’s exterior noise level thresholds was conducted. As concluded in the Noise Study, the operational noise levels associated with full development of the GRRSPA described above would meet the City’s 55 dBA Leq daytime and 50 dBA Leq nighttime exterior noise level standards at all the nearest receiver locations. Therefore, the operational noise impacts are considered less than significant and no mitigation is required.

Project operational noise level increases at the nearest receiver locations were compared to ambient conditions to evaluate the change in noise attributable to the Modified Project. The difference between the combined Project and ambient noise levels defines the Project noise level increase to the ambient noise environment. The Modified Project would generate operational noise level increases ranging from 0.0 to 4.2 dBA at the nearest receiver locations.

Project-related operational noise level increases will satisfy the operational noise level increase significance criteria presented on Table 4.13-2. Therefore, the incremental increase in noise to the ambient environment attributable to the proposed Modified Project is considered less than significant and no mitigation is required.

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As summarized previously, the 2001 EIR determined construction noise impacts from the Approved Project would remain significant and unavoidable to the residences within 200 feet of eastern/southern property line during grading even with implementation of mitigation. As detailed above, construction noise impacts attributable to the Modified Project were determined to be less than significant and no mitigation is required. Therefore, no new or substantially greater construction noise impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact N-2: Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

Groundborne vibration and noise generated during the operational phase of a typical development project are barely perceptible beyond the boundary of a given project and rarely produce a nuisance to neighboring land uses. For this reason, the Noise Study analyzed potential construction vibration impacts associated with construction of the Modified Project.

Construction can result in varying degrees of ground vibration depending on the construction equipment and vehicles used, construction methods employed, distance to the affected location, and soil type. It is expected that ground-borne vibration from the Modified Project’s construction activities would cause only intermittent, localized intrusion. Estimated construction equipment vibration estimated during construction of the Modified Project were calculated for the nearest receiver locations. At distances ranging from 246 feet to 986 feet from typical construction activities at the Modified Project site boundary, construction vibration levels were estimated to range from 0.0000 to 0.003 in/sec RMS at the nearest receiver locations. These vibration levels would not exceed the City’s maximum acceptable vibration standard of 0.05 in/sec (RMS). Further, impacts at the site of the closest sensitive receiver are unlikely to be sustained during the entire construction period but will occur rather only during the times that heavy construction equipment is operating proximate to the Project site perimeter and construction would be restricted to daytime hours consistent with City requirements thereby eliminating potential vibration impact during nighttime hours. Vibration impacts associated with construction of the Modified Project are considered to be less than significant and no mitigation is required.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater construction groundborne vibration impact would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

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Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact N-3: For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The nearest airport to the GRRSP Planning Area is Corona Municipal Airport, located approximately three miles to the northeast. Since the Project is located more than two miles away from the nearest airport, potential impacts associated with exposure of people residing or working within the Modified Project area to excessive aircraft noise levels is considered less than significant and no mitigation is required.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

4.13.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

The cumulative projects in the vicinity of the Modified Project are all located more than 1,000 feet away from the GRRSP Planning Area, and therefore would not contribute substantially to cumulative noise and vibration impacts at receptors near the proposed GRRSP during shortterm construction or long-term operational activities. Noise naturally attenuates at 6 dB every doubling of distance of the reference noise source. Most construction equipment has a reference noise source of 50 feet. Therefore, at 500 feet noise will have naturally attenuated over 20 dB, which also does not account for other natural attenuation such as topography, vegetation, or other structures. As a result, the Modified Project’s potential to contribute to any noise or vibration- related cumulative impacts would be considered less than significant.

4.13.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would result in a significant impact from construction noise and introduced Mitigation Measures MMs 4.4.1A thru MM 4.4.1C to reduce the level of noise and associated impact. Even with implementation of these mitigation

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measure, the 2001 EIR determined the impact would remain significant and unavoidable to the residences within 200 feet of eastern/southern property line during grading. As detailed above in section 4.13.7, construction noise impacts attributable to the Modified Project were determined to be less than significant and no mitigation is required including the previous mitigation measures identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

4.13.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT No mitigation measures are required.

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4.14 POPULATION AND HOUSING

4.14.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing population and housing conditions within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential changes in population and housing impacts from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. No Scoping Meeting comments or NOP comment letters were received pertaining to this topic.

4.14.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would result in less than significant impacts population and housing as follows.
a) Exceed population projections?
The 2001 EIR noted the 1999 City population was estimated at 117,292 residents and projections from the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) estimated the population would reach 154,085 by the year 2020. Based on the City’s average household size of 3.07 persons/dwelling unit (DUS), the 32 ER DUs proposed as part of the Approved Project would increase the population by 98 persons (or 0.08 percent). The 2001 EIR determined this increase would not exceed either Corona’s or SCAG's projections, resulting in no impact related to local or regional population projections.
b) Induce substantial growth?
The 2001 EIR noted the Approved Project would create new short-term jobs during construction and such construction would utilize construction personnel from the local labor force, thus limiting the demand for housing by these workers. Upon completion, the 2001 EIR noted the commercial development planned as part of the Approved Project would result in an increase in part-time and full-time employment in the area and these workers would most likely be from the local area resulting in continued growth and development in the immediate area.

Any required infrastructure improvements would be paid for on a fair-share basis by the new development that benefits from these facilities. The 2001 EIR noted the prior General Plan land use designations underlying the Approved Project at that time consisted of Light Industry and Agriculture/Rural Residential, indicating the City’s intent to allow development to occur.

Therefore, the 2001 EIR concluded the Approved Project would not be expected to serve as an inducement for new development in the area beyond that predicted in the City’s General Plan and growth-related impacts would be less than significant.

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c) Displace housing?
The 2001 EIR noted the Approved Project site did not contain any existing housing that constitutes a community or neighborhood. A number of trailers were identified that were being used at that time for housing, and that these would be removed as part of project construction.

In addition, the St. James Christian Orthodox Monastery was noted as occupying a portion of the Approved Project site. The 2001 EIR concluded the removal of the trailers and monastery structures would not significantly impact housing or housing options in the City or vicinity.

4.14.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
Population
The City’s 2024 population is estimated to be 156,615 according to State Department of Finance (DOF) estimates released in May 2024.1 This is less than the population estimate from SCAG as shown below in Table 4.14-1. Table 4.14-1 also presents future population estimates for the City plus 2020 and future population estimates for California.

Table 4.14-1: City of Corona Population, Households, and Employment Projections
Adopted City of Corona Forecasts
Year
2020
Year
2030
Year
2035
Year
2045
Population 166,904 174,061 177,702 185,073
Households 47,358 49,407 50,437 52,444
Employment 81,271 8,695,427 84,480 92,776
Housing
The City’s 2024 housing is estimated to be 50,915 units according to State Department of Finance (DOF) estimates released in May 2024.

4.14.4 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES (PDF)
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project. 1 Report E1 & E1-H, Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State — January 1, 2023 and 2024, State of California Department of Finance, May 2024.

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4.14.5 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal regulations related to population and housing that apply to the Modified Project.

STATE REGULATIONS
Housing Element Law and Regional Housing Needs Assessment California planning and zoning law requires cities and counties to adopt a general plan to plan for and guide future growth within their jurisdiction. This plan is required to include a housing element that identifies housing needs for all economic segments of the local community, and provides opportunities for housing development to meet that need. The California Housing and Community Development Department (HCD) estimates the relative share of California’s projected population growth that would occur in each county based on DOF population projections and historical growth trends. This data is compiled by HCD in a Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) for each region of California. The HCD provides the RHNA to the regional council of governments or appropriate county agency and the council assigns a share of the regional housing need to each of its cities and counties. The process of assigning shares gives cities and counties the opportunity to comment on the proposed allocations. The HCD oversees the process to ensure that the council of governments distributes its share of the state’s projected housing need.

California housing element laws require that each city and county identify and analyze existing and projected housing needs within its jurisdiction and prepare goals, policies, and programs to further the development, improvement, and preservation of housing for all economic segments of the community commensurate with local housing needs.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Community Strategy SCAG adopted the 2020–2045 RTP/SCS, “Connect SoCal,” in 2020 which builds upon and expands land use and transportation strategies established over several planning cycles to increase mobility options and achieve a more sustainable growth pattern. The long-range visioning plan balances future mobility and housing needs with goals for the environment, the regional economy, social equity and environmental justice, and public health.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona General Plan
The Corona General Plan was prepared to comply with California’s planning and zoning law mandating each city adopt a comprehensive, long-range, internally consistent plan for its future

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development. The General Plan also addresses the provision of services needed and desired by the community to support its ultimate development. The General Plan addresses the eight required elements including land use, housing, circulation, conservation and open space (as environmental resources), noise, safety, and environmental justice plus elective elements community design, historic resources, parks and recreation, infrastructure/utilities, public safety, and healthy community. The Housing Element was prepared in accordance with State requirements and was most recently updated in 2022.

The following are relevant policies of the Corona General Plan which may reduce potential population and housing impacts as a result of implementation of the Modified Project.

Housing Element
Housing Production
• H-1.1: Continue to support public and private sector nonprofit and for-profit organizations in their efforts to construct, acquire, and improve housing to provide access to affordable housing to lower and moderate-income households. • H-1.2: Promote specific plans and zoning amendments that provide a variety of housing types and densities based on the suitability of the land, including the availability of infrastructure, the provision of adequate City services and recognition of environmental constraints.
• H-1.3: Provide sites for residential development so that scarcity of land does not unduly increase the cost or decrease the availability of housing for all segments of the community.
• H-1.4: Support the development of sustainable projects that reduce demand for water and energy resources, reduce commute times and operational costs, and provide for transit-oriented development.
• H-1.5: Create or expand zoning designations and commensurate development standards to encourage flexibility in permitted land use types that respond to changing market forces and provided opportunities for higher density residential development, mixed use residential/commercial development, and transit oriented residential development in appropriate areas of the City.

Special Housing Needs
• H-2.1: Encourage the development of rental units with three or more bedrooms to provide affordable housing for large families.
• H-2.2: Work with nonprofit agencies and private sector developers to encourage development of senior housing.

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• H-2.3: Encourage the production of assisted living facilities (single story houses and apartments) for the disabled and the elderly.
• H-2.4: Provide emergency shelter with transitional support for City residents, including disadvantaged groups.
• H-2.5: Encourage the upgrade and conversion of older motels to single-roomoccupancy housing.

Economic Development
Economic Base
• ED-1.1: Encourage a variety of industries to locate in Corona, including commercial/professional office uses, specialized medical services, manufacturing, and “clean,” high technology industries that provide high-skill/high-wage job opportunities.
• ED-1.2: Encourage the expansion of existing businesses in Corona if possible and extend efforts at business retention.
• ED-1.3: Utilize Specific Plans to define flexible growth areas that allow for the transition of heavy industrial to research and development to mixed-use and office uses, while allowing some viable heavy industrial areas to remain industrial. • ED-1.4: Encourage the growth of manufacturing companies and allied supporting businesses in Corona by providing education and resources to support their efforts to export products globally.
• ED-1.5: Facilitate the retention and expansion of existing jobs-generating industries within existing and planned industrial areas to allow such industries to remain in Corona.
• ED-1.6: Periodically monitor the market for retail commercial and office development, assessing the adequacy of existing sites to accommodate and capability of existing buildings to be adaptively re-used for community-desired commercial uses and adjust applicable codes and ordinances, as necessary.
• ED-1.7: Recruit the development of new industries and businesses that build upon Corona’s existing diversifying industrial base, transportation infrastructure, increasing demand for professional and medical services, and its proximity to key regional business centers.
• ED-1.8: Discourage the development of industrial uses that are land extensive, generate few job opportunities, contribute little revenue for the City, and foreclose the

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opportunity to maximize economic opportunities remaining on limited vacant and underutilized land.

Labor Force
• ED-2.1: Promote development of a highly skilled labor force within high-wage emerging industries such as research and development, high technology manufacturing and office-oriented occupations.
• ED-2.2: Promote professional development programs and vocational training to enhance the quality of the area’s labor force, and assist them in obtaining new employment opportunities.
• ED-2.3: Encourage growth of the specialty medical services industry which would allow for new employment opportunities and encourage the placement of skilled students within Corona. Increased medical specialties would also eliminate some traffic exiting daily to other counties for these services.
• ED-2.4: Continue to build a sustainable Labor Force by building Partnerships with local education partners like the Corona-Norco Unified School District, Norco College, and Riverside Community College.
• ED-2.5: Target the recruitment of businesses that provide high-paying jobs commensurate with the skills of Corona’s residents.

4.14.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant housing and population impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Projectrelated component would:

Threshold POP-1 Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)?
Threshold POP-2 Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere?

METHODOLOGY
Potential population and planning impacts were evaluated by analyzing potential growth inducement and housing displacement associated with the Modified Project.

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4.14.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Impacts
Would the
Modified
Project result
in new or
more severe
impacts
requiring
revisions to
the Prior
EIR?
Would the Modified
Project be
implemented under
changed
circumstances
resulting in new or
more severe impacts
requiring revisions
to the Prior EIR?
Is there new
information that
would result in
new or more
severe impacts
from the
Modified Project
requiring
revisions to the
Prior EIR?
Would the
Modified Project
result in
eliminated,
reduced, or no
changes to
impacts and no
changes to the
Prior EIR are
required?
Would the project:

POP-1 Induce substantial
unplanned population
growth in an area, either
directly (for example, by
proposing new homes
and businesses) or
indirectly (for example,
through extension of
roads or other
infrastructure)?
POP-2 Displace substantial
numbers of existing
people or housing,
necessitating the
construction of
replacement housing
elsewhere?

IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact POP-1: Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The Modified Project would result in up to 32 Estate Residential (ER) residences directly adding to the City’s population. In addition, the Modified Project would potentially add to the population indirectly with development of the 746,167 sf Business Park Industrial (BPI) Development and 19,600 sf of general commercial (GC) uses. The 32 ER homes would accommodate approximately 113 residents (32 dwellings x 3.52 persons/household based on the data presented in Table 4.14-1). The 746,167 sf BPI Development would produce approximately 995 employees (746,167 sf x one employee per 750 of building area). The

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19,600 sf of GC use would produce approximately 130 employees (19,600 sf x one employee per 750 of building area). Combined, the BPI and GC uses would generate 1,125 total employees. Even if 25% of the employees and their households were to move to the City, the resulting growth in population would be approximately 1,104 people (113 ER residents + 991 BPI/GC residents (1,125 emps x 3.52 residents/household x 0.25). Compared to the City’s 2024 estimated population from DOF of 156,615, the additional 1,104 residents would represent a less than one-tenth of one percent increase in population. This increase would not be considered substantial population growth and would not induce substantial unplanned population, resulting in less than significant and no mitigation is required. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact POP-2: Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere?? Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The Modified Project does not contain any existing housing that constitutes a community or neighborhood. Two residences are located in the lower elevations of PAs 1, 2, and 3 and remnants of the former horse boarding facilities are scattered around PAs 1, 2, and 3. These and all structures would be demolished and removed as part of Project construction. In addition, the St. James Christian Orthodox Monastery has been abandoned and would be demolished and removed. For these reasons, the Modified Project would not significantly displace existing people or housing and would not impact housing or housing options in the City or vicinity. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

4.14.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

As discussed under impact POP-1 and POP-2, the Modified Project would not result in growth inducement or displacement of people or housing. The Modified Project is located at the

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western edge of the City and areas further to the west are unlikely to develop, and therefore development of the Modified Project and associated infrastructure connections would not induce growth by removing an impediment to growth. The Modified Project’s cumulative impacts associated with population and housing are consistent with the impacts identified in the 2001 EIR and the level of impact (less than significant) remains unchanged.

4.14.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures were included in the 2001 EIR.

4.14.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT No mitigation measures are required.

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4.15 PUBLIC SERVICES

4.15.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing public services conditions within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential changes in impacts to public services, specifically, fire protection, police protection, school services, and library services from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. Mitigation measures are recommended as necessary to reduce significant air quality impacts. Public Scoping Meeting comments were received from Don Osborne, Adam Ruiz were received pertaining to this topic. Jeffrey Meissner, Bruce Fields, Jeanmarie Martinez, Francesca Da Sacco, Craig Reiter were received pertaining to this topic.

Park services are addressed in Section 5.16, Recreation and public and private utilities and services, including water, wastewater, and solid waste services and systems, are addressed in Section 5.19, Utilities and Service Systems.

4.15.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The Approved Project impact analysis related to public services as presented in the 2001 EIR as well as any mitigation measures identified to reduce significant impacts are summarized as follows:
a) Fire?
As stated in the 2001 EIR, inadequate fire response time to urban fires and wildfires within the Approved Project may produce a risk of hazard to occupants and structures located in the GRRSP. However, the Approved Project was determined to be adequately served by Station #5. Station #5 is located approximately 1 mile east of the Approved Project and can respond within the City’s five-minute service criteria. In addition, the 2001 EIR implemented mitigation measure MM 4.5.3.1A of which required the Approved Project’s water mains and water systems to be sized to provide sufficient water to meet the fire fighting requirements within the GRRSP Planning Area. The 2001 EIR determined with mitigation, potential impacts related to provisions of adequate water supplies and pressures to adequately serve the fire fighting requirements within the Approved Project will be reduced to less than significant.

As such, the 2001 EIR determined impacts from the risk of fire protection to be less than significant with implementation of mitigation.

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b) Police?
As stated in the 2001 EIR, the Approved Project could result in an increase in demand for police services as the annexation and development of the Approved Project will expand the area Corona Police Department is required to patrol. The 2001 EIR also stated after construction and occupancy of the Approved Project, theft, robbery, and burglary could become crimes occurring on property within the GRRSP Planning Area. However, the 2001 EIR, determined incremental increase in Corona Police Department’s response time is considered to be a less than significant impact.
c) Schools?
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project was designed to accommodate up to 32 home sites and based on Corona-Norco Unified School District standards, the Approved Project would add 24 children to the District’s student population. As such, the Approved Project, prior to the issuance of building permits, the developer will pay all fees in accordance with State and District regulations. Therefore, the 2001 EIR determined payment of these fees will reduce any impact to school facilities to less than significant. d) Parks & recreation facilities
e) Other governmental services.

The 2001 determined implementation of the Approved Project will incrementally increase demands for government services not addressed in items a thru c above (such as recreation facilities, libraries and social services) as the Approved Project’s increase was not anticipated to be significant.

4.15.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The Modified Project site located within the western portion of the City of Corona bounded by undeveloped land on the north, partially developed land to the east, the 91 Freeway to the west, and undeveloped land to the south. Further to the south, is the Cleveland National Forest. The Open Space and Estate Residential portions of the Modified Project are located within the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains. The BPI development portion of the Modified Project is located at the base of these foothills.

The Modified Project area is within a Local Responsibility Area (LRA) designated as a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Area (FHSZ).

Fire Protection
The City is served by the Corona Fire Department (CFD) of which operates seven fire stations in addition to the CFD Headquarters. The CFD staff consists of 244 firefighters and 107 sworn fire personnel. The Modified Project site is within the response area of CFD, Fire Station 5

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located at 1200 West Canyon Crest Drive, Fire Station 5 is located 1 mile east of the GRRSP Planning Area along Green River Road.

Police Protection
The City of Corona Police Department will provide service for the Specific Plan area upon annexation into the City. The project site is the closest to Zone 4, which is the entire west end of the City. The substation located within this zone is located in the Edwards Cinema center at the 1600 block of West 6th Street and Avenida Del Vista, approximately 5 miles from the proposed project site. The substation offices are used by patrol officers for returning calls to residents and business owners and also as a report-writing station. The Corona Police Department suggests that any matter needing police attention is brought forward through the main station, located at the corner of West 6th Street and Buena Vista Avenue. The main station is located approximately 9 miles from the proposed project site. Currently, there are 144 sworn officers and 63 support staff in the Corona Police Department.

Schools
The Corona-Norco Unified School District (CNUSD) serves most adults and youth in Corona, which includes K-12 education, alternative education, and adult education. There are 34 schools that serve more than 33,000 students in the community. Corona has 14 private schools—Montessori schools, alternative education, and religious.

The GRRSP Planning Area is located within the CNUSD, and the nearest existing school, Prado View Elementary School, is located approximately 1.5 miles to the east of the site.

Recreation
Please see Section 4.16 Recreation, for a thorough discussion of the Modified Project’s impacts associated with parks.

Other Public Facilities
The Corona Public Library (CPL) is located at 605 South Main Street, and is a 62,000-squarefoot facility. The CPL serves the City of Corona and circulates over 500,000 items each year.

The CPL’s services have expanded to include U.S. Passport Services, notary, online tutoring, test proctoring, small business consulting, and Fair Housing assistance. The CPL hosted more than 629 programs, tours and class visits with 23,522 attendees and contains the W.D. Addison Heritage Room which covers all periods of time, and includes photographs, rare books, newspapers, citrus labels, manuscripts, oral histories, artefacts, and other items available for the public to view.

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4.15.4 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS
International Fire Code
The International Fire Code (IFC) is a model code for regulating minimum fire-safety requirements for new and existing buildings, facilities, storage, and processes. The IFC includes general and specialized technical fire and life-safety regulations, with topics addressing fire-department access, fire hydrants, automatic sprinkler systems, fire alarm systems, fire and explosion hazards safety, use and storage of hazardous materials, protection of emergency responders, industrial processes, and various other topics. The IFC is issued by the International Code Council, which is an international organization of building officials.

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal regulations that apply to the Modified Project.

STATE REGULATIONS
California Fire Code
The California Fire Code (CFC; California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 9) is based on the 2015 IFC and includes amendments from the State of California fully integrated into the code. The California Fire Code contains fire safety-related building standards that are referenced in other parts of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations. The CFC is updated once every three years. The 2019 CFC will go into effect on January 1, 2020.

California Health and Safety Code
Sections 13000 et seq. of the California Health and Safety Code include fire regulations for building standards (also in the California Building Code), fire protection and notification systems, fire protection devices such as extinguishers and smoke alarms, high-rise building and childcare facility standards, and fire suppression training.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
CAL FIRE, County of Riverside Unit Strategic Plan
The California Strategic Plan is implemented through individual “unit plans” that are prepared for different regions of the state. CAL FIRE has adopted a Riverside Unit Fire Plan that covers Riverside County which sets forth the agency’s priorities for prevention, protection, and suppression of wildfires. The overall goal of the Riverside County Unit Fire Plan is to reduce total costs and losses from wildland fire in the unit by protecting assets at risk through focused pre-fire management prescriptions increasing initial attack success.

Riverside County Local Agency Formation Commission

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Municipal Service reviews were added to the Local Agency Formation Commission’s (LAFCO) mandate with the passage of the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Local Government Reorganization Act of 2000. A service review is a comprehensive study designed to better inform LAFCO, local agencies, and the community about the provision of municipal services.

Service reviews attempt to capture and analyze information about the governance structures and efficiencies of service providers and to identify opportunities for greater coordination and cooperation between providers. The service review is a prerequisite to a Sphere of Influence update and may also lead a LAFCO to take other actions under its authority.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
Corona Standards of Coverage Study and Fire Strategic Plan The Corona Fire Department sets its vision, mission, business operations, and guiding principles by means of a strategic plan so that the members of the organization can envision its future and develop the necessary procedures and operations to achieve that future. The strategic plan assists the department in preparing annual fiscal year budgets, master plans, and other required, related activities. Although the planning period is eight years, the plan is assessed annually to update service levels, performance, and other needed functions that may change during the course of a year.

Corona Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
The City of Corona has prepared a local hazard mitigation plan (LHMP) to identify the City’s hazards, review and assess past disasters, estimate the probability of future events, and set goals to reduce or eliminate longterm risks to people and property from natural and humanmade hazards. Of the 23 hazards evaluated, earthquakes were rated the highest risk, and wildfires were rated the second highest. The LHMP has goals and mitigation programs to address each of the 23 hazards.

Corona Emergency Operations Plan
The City of Corona has prepared an Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) to address the City’s planned response to natural disasters, technological incidents, and national security emergencies. The EOP does not address normal day-to-day emergencies or the wellestablished and routine procedures used in coping with such emergencies. The EOP’s operational concepts focus on potential large-scale disasters that can generate unique situations requiring unusual emergency responses. The EOP’s emergency management goals are:

1. Provide effective life safety measures and reduce property losses.

2. Provide for the rapid resumption of impacted businesses and community services.

3. Provide accurate documentation and records required for cost recovery efforts.

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City of Corona Municipal Code
Fire Code
As identified in Section 15.12.020 of Chapter 15.12, Fire Code, of the Corona Municipal Code, the CFC and portions of the 2015 IFC have been adopted as the City of Corona Fire Code.

Fire Facilities Fees
Chapter 16.23 of the CMC establishes development impact fees for new developments located citywide or within the Temescal Canyon Area Plan.

Chapter 3.36 of the CMC, Fire Facilities Fee, establishes a fire facilities fee to fund the provision of fire provision services to property located within the urban/wildland interface (i.e., the Cleveland National Forest). This chapter also establishes a method of financing fire facilities required to serve properties within this special high fire area.

Chapter 16.22 of the CMC, Temescal Canyon Public Safety Fee, establishes a fee to offset the increased costs for police and fire protection services and facilities in the Temescal Canyon area.
• CMC Section 16.22.000, Temescal Canyon Public Safety Facility – Findings, states that the City Council finds that the development of residential, commercial, and industrial property in the Temescal Canyon area will create an increase in calls for police and fire protection services which will result in new equipment and facilities to house additional police and fire personnel and equipment to maintain current levels of service and response times within the Temescal Canyon Area. • CMC Section 16.22.005, Temescal Canyon Area Radio Communications Tower – Findings, states that the development of residential, commercial, and industrial property in the Temescal Canyon area will create an increase in calls for police and fire protection services, thus resulting in new equipment and facilities to upgrade emergency communications for police and fire services and related equipment needed to maintain current levels of service and response times within the Temescal Canyon area of the City. This section establishes the Temescal Canyon Area Radio Communications Tower and Facilities Fee to fund the acquisition and construction costs of the Temescal Canyon Area Radio Communications Tower, and funding to maintain police and fire protection services to the Temescal Canyon area. • CMC Section 16.23.040, Fire Facilities, Vehicles, and Equipment – Findings, sets the fees for development in the Temescal Canyon area that must be paid to accommodate for the increase in calls for fire protection services and new equipment and facilities.

The Community Facilities District No. 2016-1 (Public Services) (CFD No. 2016-1) is a citywide assessment district subject to certain zones. CFD 2016-1 was formed in 2016 to assist in the financing of the annual costs of providing police, fire protection, and paramedic services.

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New residential development is required to annex into CFD 2016-1 to assist in the on-going funding of these public services due to the demand placed by development.

City of Corona 2020–2040 General Plan
Land Use Element
Policy LU-1.4 Accommodate the types, densities, and mix of land uses that can be adequately supported by transportation and utility infrastructure (water, sewer, etc.) and public services (schools, parks, libraries, etc.)
Policy LU-4.5 Manage the timing of development and allow development to occur only when public infrastructure and services needed to support that development are available, will be provided concurrently, or are committed to be provided within a reasonable time frame.

Policy LU-9.10 Require that new residential development pay its fair share of the cost of capital improvements, public facilities, and services needed to serve that development.

Ensure that funding mechanisms for landscape maintenance and improvement are required for each.

Policy LU-22.3 Require that existing and proposed development within proposed annexation areas generate sufficient tax or other revenue base to compensate for their fair share of community services that are provided by the City of Corona.

Policy LU-22.4 Require that infrastructure and service improvements for proposed annexation areas do not create an undue burden on existing City of Corona infrastructure and services.

Policy LU-22.5 Encourage that, if an area annexes to the City of Corona, a community facilities district or similar financing district shall be established to fund the provision and maintenance of sewers, streets, and other public improvements and services.

Policy LU-22.10 Collaborate with local, county, and regional governmental agencies to provide water, sewer, public safety, fire response, and other appropriate municipal services; coordinate emergency response services through mutual and automatic aid agreements.

Housing Element
Policy H-1.2 Promote specific plans that provide a variety of housing types and densities based on the suitability of the land, including the availability of infrastructure, the provision of adequate City services and recognition of environmental constraints.

Policy H-3.3 Provide public services and improvements that enhance and create neighborhood stability.

Public Safety Element
Policy PS-7.1 Require larger developments to incorporate site design features that help ensure maximum visibility and security for entrances, pathways, streets and sidewalks, corridors, public and private open space, and parking lots and structures.

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Policy PS-7.2 Require the incorporation of appropriate lighting that provides adequate exterior illumination around commercial, business park, public spaces, parking lots, and multifamily structures.

Policy PS-7.3 Work with traffic engineers to develop methods through design, enforcement, and engineering to reduce the volume and severity of vehicle, pedestrian, and bicycling accidents citywide and around sensitive land uses such as schools, apartments, and other highly traveled uses.

Policy PS-7.4 Enhance public awareness and participation in crime prevention by encouraging changes to be made through crime prevention by design (vegetation selection and maintenance, motion sensors, lighting, etc.) and establishing and participating with police in neighborhood safety and crime prevention programs (e.g. neighborhood watch).

Policy PS-7.5 Require large-scale retail developments to incorporate video surveillance security systems within their facilities and grounds to monitor open public spaces and, where appropriate and feasible, provide office space for police facilities.

Policy PS-7.6 Provide opportunities for police department review and input regarding appropriate methods to mitigate the impacts of land use permits that have functions and characteristics that may impose a higher than normal level of security and police protection.

Policy PS-7.7 Provide appropriate security measures around sensitive essential public facilities, such as water, reclaimed water, radio towers, and other facilities required for use for public health and safety purposes.

Policy PS-8.7 Adhere to and periodically update fire department strategic plans, policies and procedures, and other internal standards to continuously meet service level requirements and priorities, including department response times.

Policy PS-8.8 Ensure that revenues are collected from new development, existing developments, and other land uses in an amount that is commensurate with their respective impact on overall city fire operations.

Policy PS-9.3 Ensure that roadway, bridge and driveway standards are adequate and appropriately maintained to allow safe access to premises where emergencies take place and safe evacuations wherever needed.

Policy PS-9.4 Maintain safe and accessible evacuation routes throughout the community; take precautions and ensure backup or mitigations for routes crossing high hazard areas (e.g., flood, seismic, high fire, etc.).

Policy PS-10.1 Locate, when feasible, new essential public facilities outside of high fire risk areas; if not feasible, require construction and other methods to harden and minimize damage for existing/planned facilities in such areas.

Policy PS-10.2 Require all improved and new homes, structures, and facilities in the very high fire hazard severity zones to adhere to additional fire safe design standards consistent with state law and local practice.

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Policy PS-10.3 Require all improved and new developments to be thoroughly reviewed for their impact on safety and the provision of fire protection services as part of the development review process.

Policy PS-10.4 Require new and rehabilitated homes and structures to meet or exceed City fire prevention standards and state law, including building access, construction design, sprinklers, and others as required by Corona Fire.

Policy PS-10.5 Require all new commercial, industrial, institutional, multiple-unit housing, mixed-use, and one- and two-family dwelling developments to install fire protection systems and encourage the use of automatic sprinkler systems where not required by local codes and ordinances.

Policy PS-10.6 Require fuel modification plans and vegetation clearance standards for development in VHFHSZs to protect structures from wildfire, protect wildlands from structure fires, and provide safe access routes for the community and firefighters.

Policy PS-10.7 Condition approval of parcel maps and tentative maps in VHFHSZs based on meeting or exceeding the SRA Fire Safe Regulations and the fire hazard reduction around buildings and structures regulations.

Policy PS-10.8 Coordinate with the Department of Water and Power to ensure that adequate water supply and flows are available for firefighting; where inadequate, ensure provision of off-site water supply and transport.

Policy PS-10.9 Continue to require visible premise identification and signage per Corona’s Premise Identification Guideline that meet or exceed SRA and CFC requirements.

Emergency Management
Policy PS-11.1 Adhere to the Standard Emergency Management System (SEMS) and the National Incident Management System (NIMS) to coordinate effective response to emergencies and disasters.

Policy PS-11.2 Maintain emergency and hazard mitigation plans; update and define roles of city departments and other partnering agencies in the event of an emergency or disaster, ensuring interagency coordination and collaboration with the Operational Area (SEMS).

Policy PS-11.4 Maintain Structure Protection Plans and other pre-planning activities and plans to remain prepared for emergencies throughout the community.

Policy PS-11.5 Ensure that the Emergency Operations Plan and Standard Operating Procedures provide for efficient and orderly notification and evacuation on a citywide basis.

Ensure they address accessibility issues and mass notification capabilities utilizing our city, county, state, and federal communication systems.

Policy PS-11.9 Ensure all local, state, and federal mandates are adhered to should the City proclaim a local emergency and request any state and/or federal funding.

Policy PS-10.11 Ensure all local, state, and federal mandates are adhered to should the City proclaim a local emergency and request any state and/or federal funding.

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Healthy Community
Policy HC-1.5 Consider the potential impacts of decisions related to land use, food access, active living, safe and sanitary housing, public facilities and services, and other factors that may affect the health of Corona.

Policy HC-5.2 Assess the development impact fees required for new developments as necessary to ensure that appropriate levels of public facilities, services, and amenities are provided and that the demand from such development does not detract from current areas.

4.15.5 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.15.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant public services impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Project-related component would:

Threshold PUB-1 a) Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times, or other performance objectives for any of the public services:
i) Fire Protection?
Threshold PUB-2 ii) Police Protection
Threshold PUB-3 iii) Schools
Threshold PUB-4 iv) Parks
Threshold PUB-5 v) Other Public Facilities

METHODOLOGY
The following discussion analyzes potential impacts to public services based on the specific service ratios, response times, or infrastructure requirements of each public service.

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4.15.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Impacts
Would the
Modified Project
result in new or
more severe
impacts
requiring
revisions to the
Prior EIR?
Would the
Modified Project
be implemented
under changed
circumstances
resulting in new
or more severe
impacts
requiring
revisions to the
Prior EIR?
Is there new
information that
would result in
new or more
severe impacts
from the
Modified Project
requiring
revisions to the
Prior EIR?
Would the
Modified Project
result in
eliminated,
reduced, or no
changes to
impacts and no
changes to the
Prior EIR are
required?
Would the project:

PUB-1 a) Result in substantial
adverse physical impacts
associated with the
provision of new or
physically altered
governmental facilities,
need for new or
physically altered
governmental facilities,
the construction of which
could cause significant
environmental impacts, in
order to maintain
acceptable service ratios,
response times, or other
performance objectives
for any of the public
services:
i) Fire Protection?
PUB-2 ii) Police Protection?
PUB-3 iii) Schools?
PUB-4 iv) Parks?
PUB-5 iv) Other Public Facilities?

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IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
IMPACT PUB-1 a) Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times, or other performance objectives for any of the public services:
i) Fire Protection?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The Modified Project would result in up to 32 Estate Residential (ER) residences directly adding to the City’s population. In addition, the Modified Project would potentially add to the population indirectly with development of the 746,167 square feet (sf) Business Park Industrial (BPI) Development and 19,600 sf of general commercial (GC) uses. As discussed in Section

4.14, Population and Housing, the 32 ER homes would accommodate approximately 113 residents (32 dwellings x 3.52 persons/household based on the data presented in Table 4.14- 1), the 746,167 sf BPI Development would produce approximately 995 employees (746,167 sf x one employee per 750 of building area), and the 19,600 sf of GC use would produce approximately 130 employees (19,600 sf x one employee per 750 of building area). When combined, the BPI and GC uses would generate 1,125 total employees. Even if 25% of the employees and their households were to move to the City, the resulting growth in population would be approximately 1,104 people (113 ER residents + 991 BPI/GC residents (1,125 emps x 3.52 residents/household x 0.25). Compared to the City’s 2024 estimated population from DOF of 156,615, the additional 1,104 residents would represent a less than one-tenth of one percent increase in population. As determined in Section, 4.14, Population and housing, this increase would not be considered substantial population growth and would not induce substantial unplanned population.

The City’s General Plan EIR determined future facilities and infrastructure could be required to accommodate General Plan build-out. However, as discussed previously under Section 4.14, Population and Housing, Project buildout would generate a similar number of residents and would likely attract existing residents from the City. Moreover, future single-family homes of the Modified Project would be constructed within the smaller PA 5 footprint of 20.39 acres which is 77.81 acres smaller than the Approved Project’s PA 6 of 98.2 acres. Therefore, the Modified Project’s homes would be constructed in a more accessible configuration when compared to the Approved Project.

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Additionally, implementation of the Modified Project including the BPI development would be required to adhere to the California Fire Code (CFC), as included in the City’s Municipal Code Section 15.12.020, as part of the permitting process all project plans within the Modified Project would be reviewed by the City’s Building Division to ensure that the plans of the BPI development and future projects meet the fire protection requirements. Furthermore, the Project applicant including future project applicants would be required to pay standard City development impact fees (DIF)(Municipal Code Section 16.23.040), which include a fee for fire service impacts as determined in the 2001 EIR.

Impact fees mitigate the overburdening of existing facilities, equipment, and levels of service.

Provision of a new or physically altered fire station would not be required that could cause environmental impacts. Therefore, impacts related to fire protection services from the Modified Project would be less than significant.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

IMPACT PUB-2 ii) Police Protection?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The City of Corona Police Department is located at 730 Public Safety Way, which is 6.1 miles east from the GRRSP Planning Area. The Police Department staff consists of 250 sworn officers and support personnel. Based on the previously stated population City of 156,615 (2024, DOF) for the City, the City has approximately 1.59 officers per 1,000 residents. As previously stated, the additional 1,104 residents/employees (113 ER residents + 991 BPI/GC residents), not previously considered to be a substantial population growth nor induce substantial unplanned population, the Modified Project would require 0.7 percent of an additional officer. Therefore, the Modified Project’s incremental increase in demands on law enforcement services would not be significant when compared to the current demand levels.

As previously stated, the Project applicant including future project applicants would be required to pay standard City DIF, which include a fee for police service impacts as determined in the 2001 EIR. Impact fees mitigate the overburdening of existing facilities, equipment, and levels of service. Provision of a new or physically altered police station would not be required that could cause environmental impacts. Therefore, impacts related to police protection services from the Modified Project would be less than significant.

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Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

IMPACT PUB-3 iii) Schools?
The Modified Project result in new or more severe impacts requiring revisions to the 2001 EIR.

Development of the Modified Project would allow for up to 32 additional homes, resulting in an increase of 113 ER residents in the City of Corona served by CNUSD. The CNUSD estimates the number of students that will be generated by new residential development by using district-specific rates in order to plan for future facilities expansions or constructions.

Specific to the Modified Project, CNUSD’s student generation rates for single-family development are 0.3650 for elementary school (ES), 0.1136 for middle school (MS), and

0.2337 for high school (HS).

Buildout of the Modified Project would generate 11.68 ES students,3.64 MS students, and 7.5 HS students in the City of Corona. The CNUSD would have adequate capacity for students generated by the Modified Project.

As previously stated, the Project applicant for the ER component would be required to pay standard City DIF, which include a fee for CNUSD impacts as determined in the 2001 EIR.

Impact fees mitigate the overburdening of existing facilities, equipment, and levels of service.

Therefore, impacts related to school services from the Modified Project would be less than significant.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

IMPACT PUB-4 iv) Parks?
The Modified Project result in new or more severe impacts requiring revisions to the 2001 EIR.

Please see Section 4.16 Recreation, Subsection 4.16.7 Impact REC-1 and REC-2, for a thorough discussion of the Modified Project’s impacts associated with parks.

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IMPACT PUB-5 v) Other Public Facilities?
The Modified Project result in new or more severe impacts requiring revisions to the 2001 EIR.

As previously summarized, the 2001 determined the Approved Project’s incremental increase in demands for government services such as recreation facilities, libraries and social services was anticipated to be less than significant.

The additional 1,104 residents/employees (113 ER residents + 991 BPI/GC residents), determined not to be a substantial population growth nor induce substantial unplanned population due to the implementation of the Modified Project, impacts can be considered similar to those determined in the 2001 EIR. Because the GRRSP Planning Area is already served by other services and the Modified Project would result in a limited increase in population, the Modified Project would not result in the need for new or physically altered facilities to provide other services, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts. As such, impacts would be less than significant.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

4.15.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

The geographic context for an analysis of cumulative impacts with regards to public services is the local service area within the City for fire and police services, schools, and libraries. As discussed in Chapter 2 of this DEIR, cumulative development in the City and surrounding would be minimal. Past and present development has resulted in increased population, which in turn has resulted in an increase in demand for all public services. Growth in the City to date has been consistent with the growth projections in the City’s 2020-2040 General Plan. In addition, each of the public service providers conducts an annual budgeting process where future facility/staffing needs are identified. Because past and present development is consistent with growth identified in the City’s 2020-2040 General Plan and there are mechanisms in place to ensure provision of adequate service, there would be no significant cumulative environmental impact on public services from implementation of the Modified Project.

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4.15.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures are required.

4.15.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT No mitigation measures are required.

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4.16 RECREATION

4.16.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing recreation and recreational facilities within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential impacts associate with recreation and recreational facilities from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. The Scoping Meeting comments from Craig Reiter and Dwight Woodward were received pertaining to this topic. No NOP comment letters or Public Scoping Meeting comments were received pertaining to this topic.

4.16.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would result in less than significant impacts associated with recreation and recreational facilities as follows. a) Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated?
b) Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment?
The 2001 EIR noted implementation of the proposed project would incrementally increase demand for recreation facilities and demand on such government services is primarily caused by residential development, for which development impact fees are collected by the City to help fund on going services. Due to the small quantity of residential use proposed by the Approved Project (maximum of 32 estate residential homes), a significant increase in demand on these services was not anticipated and therefore, construction of new or expansion of existing recreational facilities that would otherwise result in a direct impact to the environment would not occur.

4.16.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The City and its SOI include open space areas, natural trails, parklands, and recreational facilities and programs providing recreational opportunities for Corona residents and the surrounding communities.

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Natural Areas
The City’s nearby natural open space areas include mountains, hillsides, canyons, and preserves. The Prado Dam Basin is located adjacent to the northwest portion of the City and approximately 1.0 mile northeast of the Modified Project. Chino Hills State Park is a 14,100- acre preserve, with portions of the park located adjacent to the northwest portion of the City and approximately 0.25 mile north of the Modified Project. The Cleveland National Forest is the southernmost National Forest in California, located on the western front of the City of Corona’s SOI and approximately 0.25 mile south of the Modified Project at its nearest point.

Several local natural areas are also available to Corona residents offering open space for walking, hiking, and bicycling. These areas include the Sage Open Space and Fresno Canyon, Wardlow Wash, Oak Street Channel, Main Street Channel, and Temescal Wash. The Santa Ana River in the Prado Dam area also connects to a regional trail system.

Built and natural trails are another benefit for the hiking, bicycling, and walking residents of Corona. Urban trails have been constructed throughout the City consisting of multipurpose, hard surface, pedestrian, and cycling routes that physically connect residential areas, parks, schools, commercial nodes, and employment centers. The City has several historic trails providing scenic walkways through older residential neighborhoods and downtowns to promote the City’s heritage. Additional rural and natural trails are available for hikers, bicyclists, and horseback riding that run along washes, railroad rights-of-way, or unimproved open space areas.

Developed Parks and Recreational Facilities
Corona has 35 public parks covering about 352 acres, exclusive of natural open space areas as shown on Figure PR-1 Recreation and Park Facilities in the General Plan. The public park system includes mini, neighborhood, community and major/regional parks that are differentiated by scale, population served, and amenities. In addition to developed public parkland, additional recreational facilities are available in the form of golf courses and as part of homeowner associations.

The Circle City Center is one of the main community centers in Corona located at 365 North Main. The facility includes a gymnasium/event hall, a fitness room, a game room, classrooms and meeting rooms, a banquet room, and a catering kitchen. The Senior Center offers an opportunity for adults 50 years of age and older to develop an extended family through a wide range of health and educational programs, human services, recreational and social activities, and special events throughout the year.

The City of Corona Community Services Department provides community services, recreational and leisure time opportunities. This includes adult and youth sports, special events, childcare, afterschool programs, summer programs, aquatic programs, community classes, community involvement programs, senior recreation programs, and reservations for facilities.

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4.16.4 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES (PDF)
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.16.5 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal regulations related to recreation and recreational facilities that apply to the Modified Project.

STATE REGULATIONS
Quimby Act
The Quimby Act authorizes cities to adopt ordinances addressing parkland and/or fees for residential subdivisions for the purpose of providing and preserving open space and recreational facilities and improvements, and requires the provision of three acres of park area per 1,000 persons residing within a subdivision, unless the amount of existing neighborhood and community park area exceeds that limit, in which case the city may adopt a higher standard not to exceed five acres per 1,000 residents. The Quimby Act also specifies acceptable uses and expenditures of such funds California housing element laws require that each city and county identify and analyze existing and projected housing needs within its jurisdiction and prepare goals, policies, and programs to further the development, improvement, and preservation of housing for all economic segments of the community commensurate with local housing needs.

Mitigation Fee Act
The California Mitigation Fee Act (Government Code §§ 66000 et seq.) allows cities to establish fees that will be imposed upon development projects for the purpose of mitigating the impact that the development projects have upon city’s ability to provide specified public facilities including parks. In order to comply with the Mitigation Fee Act, the City must follow four primary requirements: 1) Make certain determinations regarding the purpose and use of a fee and establish a nexus or connection between a development project or class of project and the public improvement being financed with the fee; 2) Segregate fee revenue from the General Fund in order to avoid commingling of capital facilities fees and general funds; 3) Make findings each fiscal year describing the continuing need for fees that have been in the possession of the City for five years or more and that have not been spent or committed to a project; and 4) Refund any fees with interest for developer deposits for which the findings noted above cannot be made.

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California Public Park Preservation Act
The primary instrument for protecting and preserving parkland is California’s Public Park Preservation Act of 1971. Under the Public Resource Code, cities and counties may not acquire any real property that is in use as a public park for any nonpark use unless compensation, land, or both are provided to replace the parkland acquired. This provides no net loss of parkland and facilities.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
There are no regional regulations related to recreation and recreational facilities that apply to the Modified Project.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona Municipal Code
Quimby Act Fees
The City’s Quimby Act is codified in Chapter 16.35, Park Dedication and In-Lieu Fees, in the City’s Municipal Code. As a condition of approval of a tentative or final tract map or parcel map for a residential subdivision, or for a building permit within a subdivision, the subdivider is required to dedicate park land and/or pay an in-lieu fee. Recreational facilities provided by a project must be provided in accordance with the standards, specifications and requirements of the City’s General Plan, the City’s Park Master Plan, and any other adopted resolution, policy, or standard of the City. The City’s park standard is based on a ratio of 3.0 acres of park area per 1,000 persons. At the time of filing a tentative map application for all subdivisions with residential land uses, project applicants may indicate whether they desire to dedicate property for park and recreational purposes onsite or whether they desire to pay a fee in lieu thereof. If they desire to dedicate land, they must designate the area on a tentative map.

Development Impact Fees
The City of Corona Municipal Code, Chapter 16.23, Development Impact Fees, provides for the meansto finance adequate infrastructure and other public improvements and facilities made necessary by the impacts created by new residential (i.e., beyond just demand created by subdivisions) and non-residential development in the City. To maintain the current level of service for parks in the City, Chapter 16.24, Improvement Requirements, requires payment of development impact fees (DIF) for recreational facilities to assure the acquisition and improvement of adequate recreation facilities to serve the subsequently annexed areas.

Sections 16.24.170 through 16.24.200 of the City’s Municipal Code apply to the construction of new dwelling units and to additions or improvements to existing units if such improvements or additions increase habitable living space by 25 percent. The current park and recreation DIFs for Estate Residential are:

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• Quimby Fees: $12,708 per du.
• Aquatic Center Facilities: $192 per du.
• Parkland and Open Space (credit applied if Quimby paid): $12,708 per du.

4.16.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant housing and population impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Projectrelated component would:

Threshold REC-1 Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? Threshold REC-2 Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment?

METHODOLOGY
Potential impacts were evaluated by analyzing potential impacts to the environment from construction of renovated or new park and recreational facilities from development of the Modified Project.

4.16.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Impacts
Would the
Modified
Project result
in new or
more severe
impacts
requiring
revisions to
the Prior
EIR?
Would the Modified
Project be
implemented under
changed
circumstances
resulting in new or
more severe impacts
requiring revisions to
the Prior EIR?
Is there new
information that
would result in
new or more
severe impacts
from the Modified
Project requiring
revisions to the
Prior EIR?
Would the
Modified Project
result in
eliminated,
reduced, or no
changes to
impacts and no
changes to the
Prior EIR are
required?
Would the project:

REC-1 Would the project
increase the use of
existing neighborhood
and regional parks or
other recreational
facilities such that
substantial physical
deterioration of the

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facility would occur or
be accelerated?
REC-2 Does the project
include recreational
facilities or require the
construction or
expansion of
recreational facilities
which might have an
adverse physical effect
on the environment?

IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact REC-1: Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? Impact REC-2: Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment)?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The Modified Project does not include development of a new or renovated off-site park or recreational facility that would result in an impact to the environment. Up to 32 ER residences would potentially be developed in PA 5, directly adding to the City’s population. In addition, the Modified Project would potentially add to demand on parks and recreational facilities from employees working at the proposed 746,167 sf BPI Development and planned 19,600 sf of GC uses. As described previously in Section 4.14 Population and Housing, the 32 ER homes would accommodate approximately 113 residents, the 746,167 sf BPI Development would produce approximately 995 employees, and the 19,600 sf of GC use would produce approximately 130 employees. Even if 25% of the employees and their households were to move to the City, the resulting growth in population would be approximately 1,104 people. Compared to the City’s 2024 estimated population from DOF of 156,615, the additional 1,104 residents would represent a less than one-tenth of one percent increase in population. This increase would not be considered substantial population growth and would not result in substantial increased demand on parks and recreational facilities. Construction of a new or renovated park or recreational facilities would not be required and impacts to the environment would not occur, resulting in a less than significant and no mitigation is required. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

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Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

4.16.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

As discussed under impact REC-1 and REC -2, the Modified Project does not propose construction of a new or renovation of an existing park or recreational facility that would result in and impact to the environment. Cumulative impacts associated with parks and recreational facilities are mitigated by City park fees paid by residential development and City DIF fees paid by all development. These monies are collected and used to fund future park and recreational facilities subject to environmental review. Therefore, the Modified Project’s cumulative impacts are considered less than significant and consistent with the impacts identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project. The level of impact (less than significant) remains unchanged.

4.16.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures were included in the 2001 EIR.

4.16.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT No mitigation measures are required.

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4.17 TRANSPORTATION

4.17.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing population and housing conditions within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential changes in population and housing impacts from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. The Public Scoping Meeting comments were received from Dwight Woodward, Bruce Fields, Diana Reuss and Robert Reuss, Jeanmarie Martinez, Mike Serle, and Tom Pavelich pertaining to this topic. The NOP comment letters were received from Southern California Association of Governments, Adam Ruiz, Robert Schnabel, Don Osborne, and Klaus Kraemer pertaining to this topic.

This section of the Draft SEIR is based in part on the Green River Ranch Specific Plan Amendment, SP00-001 Amendment No.1, Traffic Analysis, June 10, 2024 Urban Crossroads (Appendix M-1) and the Green River Ranch Specific Plan Amendment Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Analysis, dated June 24, 2024 (Appendix M-2).

4.17.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would result in less than significant traffic impacts with implementation of improvements to the Green River Road/SR-91 ramps, and a significant and unavoidable transportation impact to the SR-91 mainline freeway lanes based on the checklist question in place at that time.
a) Increased vehicle trips or traffic congestion?
The 2001 EIR evaluated the Approved Project’s potential traffic impacts on vicinity intersections, roadways, and SR-91. The analysis examined levels of service (LOS) at five intersections in the study area including the Green River Road/SR-91 EB and WB ramps, LOS on Green River Road from the ramps to Palisades Drive and Palisades Drive, and LOS on SR91 freeway segments from Main Street to the Orange/Riverside County line. Intersection analysis was conducted for Year 2001 plus Approved Project Phase I (MU and GC); intersection and freeway analysis was conducted for Year 2003 plus Approved Project Phase II (buildout); and intersection and roadway analysis was conducted for Year 2015 plus Approved Project Phase II (buildout). The following summarizes the analysis. • Year 2001 plus Phase I Intersection Analysis: Due to existing and background traffic congestion, the 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would contribute to a significant impact to the Green River Road/SR-91 eastbound and westbound ramp intersections. With implementation of Mitigation Measures MM 4.2.1A and MM

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4.2.1B consisting of installation of signals and turn lanes, impacts were reduced to less than significant.
• Project Timing: The project traffic analysis prepared for the 2001 EIR assumed development of a specific mix of commercial, hotel, industrial, and residential uses based on the land use flexibility allowed in the GC and MU categories of the GRRSP.

The 2001 EIR acknowledged implementation of the Approved Project could result in construction of land uses with higher trip generation than analyzed, producing a significant impact. The 2001 EIR introduced Mitigation Measure MM 4.2.2, requiring the total cumulative a.m. and p.m. peak hour trip generation estimate for PAs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 not exceed the a.m. and p.m. peak hour trip generation estimated contained in the Approved Project traffic study. With implementation of Mitigation Measure MM

4.2.2, impacts were reduced to less than significant.
• Year 2003 plus Phase II Intersection Analysis: Due to regional improvements to the SR-91/Green River Road interchange, the 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would not impact intersections in the study area. However, the 2001 EIR noted the Approved Project would contribute to significant impacts at the Green River Road/SR91 ramps if development of the Approved Project precedes installation of the regional improvements. With implementation of Mitigation Measures MM 4.2.3 requiring construction of regional improvements to the interchange including widening the Green River Road overpass to six lanes prior to issuance of building permits for the ER residences, impacts were reduced to less than significant. • Year 2003 plus Phase II Freeway Analysis: Due to projected traffic congestion, the 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would contribute to a significant impact to the SR-91 freeway lanes in the peak direction of flow (westbound during the a.m. peak hour and eastbound during the p.m. peak hours). The addition of proposed project trips will further deteriorate the projected LOS F for 2003 background conditions.

Mitigation in the form of additional freeway lanes would mitigate project impacts by addressing the capacity deficiencies on SR-91, however the schedule for installing such lanes was not known at that time. Consequently, the 2001 EIR concluded there is no reasonable mitigation for the significant impact and it would remain significant and unavoidable.
• Year 2015 plus Phase II Intersection Analysis: With the regional improvements to the SR-91/Green River Road interchange, the 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would not impact intersections in the study area in the Year 2015 time horizon. Impacts were determined to be less than significant and no mitigation was required. • Year 2015 plus Phase II Roadway Analysis: With Green River Road assumed to be widened to six lanes from SR-91 to Dominguez Ranch Road and four lanes east of Dominguez Ranch Road, the 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would not

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impact roadways in the study area in the Year 2015 time horizon. Impacts were determined to be less than significant and no mitigation was required.

The LOS analyses that was conducted to evaluate the Approved Project’s traffic impacts was based on an analytical metric that is no longer a valid measure of traffic impacts in accordance with CEQA and State environmental law.
b) Traffic hazards from design features?
The 2001 EIR noted preliminary design of the Approved Project included at grade public streets that would provide adequate site distance and the installation of traffic flow control measures. Mitigation of traffic flows was noted as being typically obtained through signalization and signal sequencing to facilitate roadway traffic flows. c) Inadequate emergency access or access to nearby uses? The 2001 EIR noted preliminary design of the Approved Project included adequate provisions for emergency access to the site, and to nearby uses. Final design of all roadways and intersections would be required to incorporate design standards tailored specifically to provide adequate site access in accordance with City development standards. d) Insufficient parking capacity on site or off site?
The 2001 EIR noted implementation of the proposed non-residential uses would require onsite parking in accordance with the City’s parking requirements, which would provide necessary parking supplies to meet anticipated parking demand from the uses that would eventually develop on the site. Final design of on-site parking would be required to incorporate design standards tailored specifically to parking demands of the Approved Project in accordance with the proposed GRRSP or the City’s development standards. e) Hazards or barriers for pedestrians or bicyclists?
The Initial Study for the 2001 EIR noted the project EIR would assess potential safety hazards associated with the interface of pedestrians and bicycles and vehicular traffic accessing the project site. Although such analysis was not specifically provided, it is reasonable to assume such impacts were less than significant given the Approved Project’s on-site and off-site improvements associated with pedestrian and bicycle travel would be designed and constructed in accordance with applicable City standards.
f) Conflicts with adopted policies supporting alternative transportation (e.g., bus turnouts, bicycle racks)?
The Initial Study for the 2001 EIR noted the project EIR would assess the compatibility of the Approved Project’s access and design features with policies identified by the City regarding incorporation of alternate modes of transportation. Although such analysis was not provided, it is reasonable to assume such impacts were less than significant given the Approved Project’s

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on-site and off-site improvements supporting alternative transportation (e.g., bus turnouts, bicycle racks) would be designed and constructed in accordance with applicable City standards.
g) Rail, waterborne, or air traffic impacts?
The 2001 EIR noted rail, waterborne and air traffic movements would not be directly affected by the Approved Project. No waterways or air corridors were known to exist on, or in the project vicinity. Although an existing rail line is located north of Green River Road, the 2001 EIR concluded the Approved Project would not affect the rail line.

4.17.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
Existing Vehicle Miles Traveled
For the purposes of CEQA traffic analysis of land use development and related projects, the most important background condition is existing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) data applicable to the local jurisdiction. Through consultation with City Staff, it was determined the Riverside County Model (RIVCOM) was the appropriate tool for conducting VMT analysis for the proposed Modified Project RIVCOM and the model is consistent with the City’s VMT impact threshold listed by the City Guidelines. The calculation of VMT for land use projects is based on the total number of trips generated and the average trip length of each vehicle type, and therefore vehicle trips and average daily trip lengths for project-related vehicle trips were derived using RIVCOM. Based on the modeled data, the calculation of existing VMT in the City applicable to the proposed Project is 40.6 as shown in Table 4.17-1: Existing VMT.

Table 4.17-1: Existing VMT
Baseline
Service Population 249,403
VMT 10,120,351
VMT per Service Population 40.6
Existing Roadway Network
The City’s roadway system and classifications are grouped into functional classifications based on two general criteria; first, the extent to which the road prioritizes the through movement of traffic; and second, the level of access to adjacent properties. Aside from these generalized characteristics, roadways vary in terms of right-of-way, width, number of lanes, intersection and traffic signal spacing, speed, and other characteristics (such as the presence of sidewalks,

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bikeways, landscaping, and improvements outside the right-of-way). Functional class is identified in the General Plan Table CE-1 Corona Functional Roadway Classification.

Existing Transit Facilities
Public transportation expands mobility options to citizens that may not be able to afford or physically operate other means of travel, as well as providing a transportation option for those who choose not to drive. The City’s transit network includes intercity buses, local buses, demand-responsive service, and commuter rail; all of which help people move. City of Corona, Riverside Transit Agency (RTA) transit routes are shown on General Plan Figure CE-2 Transit Routes.

Corona Cruiser and Dial-A-Ride
The Corona Cruiser is a fixed route service operated by the City of Corona. The system travels along two routes in the City, which include the Red and Blue Lines connecting with RTA buses, North Main Metrolink commuter train station, and Park & Ride lots. The Dial-A-Ride program is an on-demand, shared-ride transit system. The service provides mobility to seniors and persons with disabilities.

Riverside Transit Agency
Riverside Transit Agency (RTA) is the largest public transportation provider in Corona. RTA provides four bus routes to the West Corona Metrolink Station, the City of Fullerton, the City of Murrieta, and the City of Lake Elsinore. RTA provides access to the Corona Park-N-Ride Lot, the West Corona Station on the Metrolink Commuter Rail system, and the commuter link express bus route (206) that travels the cities of Corona, Lake Elsinore, Murrieta, and Temecula during the morning and evening peak hours.

MetroLink
Metrolink is a commuter rail program operated by the Southern California Regional Rail Authority (SCRRA), providing service from outlying suburban communities to employment centers such as Burbank, Irvine, and downtown Los Angeles. The 91 Line and the Inland Empire/Orange County Line serve the Metrolink stations in West Corona and North Main Corona. The 91 Line provides access between Riverside and Los Angeles, while the Inland Empire/Orange County Line provides access between Irvine and Riverside.

Orange County Transportation Authority
Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA) route 794 provides employee serving transit service between Corona and Orange County at the Riverside/Corona to South Coast Metro Express via the SR-91 and SR-55 freeways. The bus route is an AM and PM peak hour bus service that connect passengers to South Coast Plaza, Harbor Gateway Business Center, and several universities.

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Paratransit
Paratransit vans, mini-buses, and taxis are typically used to provide conventional paratransit service. Paratransit services vary considerably on the degree of flexibility they provide their customers. At their simplest, they may consist of a taxi or small bus that will run along a more or less defined route and then stop to pick up or discharge passengers on request. At the other end of the spectrum (fully demand-responsive transport), the most flexible paratransit systems offer on-demand call-up door-to-door service from any origin to any destination in a service area such as Uber or Lyft.

Bicycle Facilities
The City’s Bicycle Master Plan calls for bicycle lanes on various streets in order to increase emphasis on active transportation. General Plan Figure CE-3 Bikeway Plan shows existing and planned bikeways in the City. The Bicycle Master Plan proposes bicycle facilities consisting of Class I to Class III throughout the City. The bicycle facility classifications currently in use in Corona are Class I Bikeways (Off-Street Bike Paths) that are completely separate facilities designated for the exclusive use of bicyclists and pedestrians with minimal vehicle crossings, Class II Bikeways (Bike Lanes) that are striped lanes designated for the use of bicycles on a street or highway, and Class III Bikeways (Bike Routes) that are only identified by signs or pavement markings.

4.17.4 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES (PDF)
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.17.5 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal regulations related to population and housing that apply to the Modified Project.

STATE REGULATIONS
There are no State regulations related to traffic that apply to the Modified Project.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Community Strategy SCAG adopted the 2020–2045 RTP/SCS, “Connect SoCal,” in 2020 which builds upon and expands land use and transportation strategies established over several planning cycles to increase mobility options and achieve a more sustainable growth pattern. The long-range visioning plan balances future mobility and housing needs with goals for the environment, the regional economy, social equity and environmental justice, and public health.

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WRCOG Transportation Mitigation Uniform Fee
The County of Riverside has a Transportation Mitigation Uniform Fee (TUMF), which is administered by the Western Regional Council of Governments (WRCOG). Under the TUMF, WRCOG collects fees from new development with the purpose of funding transportation improvements such as roadway widening, new roadways, intersection improvements, traffic signalization, etc., for the purpose of mitigating future growth.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona Development Impact Fees
The City’s capital improvement plans specify the types of improvements required to achieve circulation and other goals, and provides a schedule of activities needed to fund, construct, and rehabilitate such improvements. In addition to payment of TUMF fees to the WRCOG (see above), the City requires payment of Development Impact Fees (DIF) per residential unit or non-residential square footage for street and signal improvements to fund transportation improvements to achieve the City’s circulation goals.

City of Corona VMT Thresholds
The City’s adopted VMT thresholds include a first screening step, to identify projects that would result in a less than significant traffic impact. If not screened out, a project moves on to the next step requiring a detailed VMT study based on comparing estimated project VMT to the exiting VMT for the project area. A significant impact would occur if the project generates total daily VMT per service population above the existing total daily VMT per service population for the City.

4.17.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant housing and population impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Projectrelated component would:

Threshold TRA-1 Conflict with a program, plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities)?
Threshold TRA-2 Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines § 15064.3, subdivision (b)?
Threshold TRA-3 Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)?
Threshold TRA-4 Result in inadequate emergency access?

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4.17.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Impacts
Would the
Modified
Project result
in new or
more severe
impacts
requiring
revisions to
the Prior EIR?
Would the Modified
Project be
implemented under
changed
circumstances
resulting in new or
more severe impacts
requiring revisions to
the Prior EIR?
Is there new
information that
would result in
new or more
severe impacts
from the Modified
Project requiring
revisions to the
Prior EIR?
Would the
Modified Project
result in
eliminated,
reduced, or no
changes to
impacts and no
changes to the
Prior EIR are
required?
Would the project:

TRA-1 Conflict with a
program, plan,
ordinance or policy
addressing the
circulation system,
including transit,
roadway, bicycle and
pedestrian facilities)?
TRA-2 Conflict or be
inconsistent with
CEQA Guidelines §
15064.3, subdivision
(b)?
TRA-3 Substantially increase
hazards due to a
geometric design
feature (e.g., sharp
curves or dangerous
intersections) or
incompatible uses
(e.g., farm
equipment)?
TRA-4 Result in inadequate
emergency access?

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IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact TRA-1: Conflict with a program, plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The General Plan Circulation Element describes the circulation system within the City and contains policies mostly pertaining to the broader circulation system the Modified Project would not impact. Each increment of development associated with the Modified Project including the BPI Development would be required to comply with obligatory requirements of the Municipal Code that implement policies of the General Plan pertaining to all forms for circulation. Each phase of the Modified Project would be required to provide sidewalks on all driveways, adequate parking and parking stalls, and street and driveway sections that meet City design criteria and support all form of transportation.

Consistent with existing requirements of the Municipal Code and policies of the General Plan, the BPI Development component will construct several roadway improvements along the project frontages and nearby offsite locations. These improvements are summarized as follows. • Prior to issuance of first occupancy permits in PAs 1, 2, and 3, the Developer of PAs 1, 2, and 3 shall install: a traffic signal at Street A/Green River Road; construct an eastbound right turn lane on Green River Road at the intersection approach with a minimum of 100-feet of storage; a westbound left turn lane on Green River Road at the intersection approach with 175-feet of storage; and a northbound left turn lane on Green River Road at the intersection approach with 150-feet of storage. For PA 4, the Developer of PA 4 will modify the signal to accommodate a northern leg with an eastbound left turn approach lane with a minimum of 150-feet of storage. • Prior to issuance of first occupancy permits in PAs 1, 2, and 3, the Developer of PAs 1, 2, and 3 Construct Green River Road to its ultimate General Plan roadway crosssection as a Major Arterial along the Project frontage (right-of-way varies from 118- feet to as wide as 200-feet, ultimate width to be determined at the time of Precise Plan Implementation for the adjacent Planning Areas). The ultimate Green River Road improvement width is constrained near Fresno Road pursuant to the Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan to a width of 118-feet. Roadway, curb and gutter, sidewalk, and landscaping improvements on the south side of Green River Road to be installed by the developer of PAs 1, 2, and 3 and on the north side of Green River Road to be installed by the developer of PA 4 shall be made as required by the final Conditions of Approval for the Project and applicable Specific Plan and City of Corona standards.

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• Prior to issuance of first occupancy permits in PAs 1, 2, and 3, the Developer of PAs 1, 2, and 3 shall construct Street A as a private collector (89-foot right-of-way and 65- foot curb-to-curb width) consistent with the applicable Specific Plan and City of Corona standards or as required by the final Conditions of Approval for the Project.

However, Street A will narrow to have a minimum 64-foot right-of-way with a 44-foot curb-to-curb width (will not include a raised median) and a 10-foot parkway. The 10- foot parkway will include a 5-foot-wide (minimum) sidewalk on either side of the street.

Impacts associated with conflicts with a program, plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities would be less than significant and no mitigation is required. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact TRA-2: Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines § 15064.3, subdivision (b)?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

Based on the results of the VMT Study, the Modified Project’s retail component (GC uses in PA 4) meets the local serving screening criteria. However, the remaining BPI Development and ER components do not meet any available screening criteria and therefore the VMT Study included a detailed VMT analysis. The VMT analysis was conducted consistent with the City VMT Guidelines.

The Modified Project’s VMT per service population was calculated to be 62.0. With a baseline City threshold VMT per service population of 40.6, the Modified Project would exceed the City’s impact threshold by 52.7%. Consequently, the Modified Project would result in a significant impact requiring mitigation. CEQA requires that feasible mitigation measures be implemented to reduce a project’s level of impact.

The VMT study determined mitigation of the BPI Development and ER VMT impact should involve development and implementation of transportation demand management (TDM) strategies that are considered feasible and will contribute to reducing project generated VMT.

Features to promote the use of alternative transportation modes such as sidewalks, bicycle lanes, and bicycle racks would be included as part of the BPI Development. As part of the TDM Plan, property owner associations and/or building occupants would be required to implement a TDM Plan to discourage single-occupancy vehicle trips for employees and

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encourage alternative modes of transportation such as carpooling, transit, walking, and biking.

Mitigation Measure MM TRA-1 defined in section 4.17.10 would reduce VMT impacts associated with the BPI and ER components of the Modified Project. Sufficient TDM reduction strategies do not exist to reduce the project’s daily VMT per service population by 52.7% as required to fully mitigate the impact. Consequently, even with implementation of all feasible mitigation, VMT service population thresholds would not be met resulting in a significant and unavoidable transportation impact. As concluded in the 2001 EIR, the Approved Project would result in significant and unavoidable transportation impacts. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project. However, the Modified Project requires implementation of new Mitigation Measure MM TRA-1.

Mitigation Measure
The Modified Project introduces the following Mitigation Measure further described in detail Section 4.17.10.
• MM TRA-1
Impact TRA-3: Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

Development of Modified Project would comply with existing development review procedures in accordance with the Municipal Code, Zoning Code, and the GRRSP that would reduce hazards (e.g., intersection design, roadway design, driveway design, etc.). The design of the Modified Project has been reviewed by the project traffic engineer and City’s engineering and fire departments for inconsistencies with design standards and hazardous conditions, and none have been identified. The Modified Project would not create hazardous conditions or incompatible land uses resulting in a less than significant impact and no mitigation is required.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact TRA-4: Result in inadequate emergency access?
Please see Section 4.9 Hazards and Hazardous Materials, Subsection 4.9.7 Impact HAZ-6, for a thorough discussion of the Modified Project’s impacts associated with interference with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan.

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4.17.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

As discussed previously, VMT traffic impacts associated with the Modified Project were determined to be significant and unavoidable even with implementation of all feasible mitigation. The VMT metric is inherently a cumulative analysis, because VMT baselines are directly related to the land use pattern of a given area. Also discussed previously, the Approved Project’s impacts associated with LOS impacts were determined to be significant and unavoidable with mitigation. Therefore, no new or substantially greater cumulative traffic impact would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

4.17.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures are required.

4.17.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT MM 4.17.1 Prior to the issuance of building permits for the BPI Development in PA 1, 2 and 3 and the Estate Residential uses in PA 5, separate Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Plans shall be prepared to reduce project VMT. Applicable trip reduction strategies may include but are not limited to the following:
• Implement voluntary local hiring programs.
• Mark preferred parking spaces for vanpools and carpools. • Provide on-site secured bike parking facilities.
• Provide information on carpooling and vanpooling opportunities to employees. • Provide an on-site message board in each building or other comparable system to encourage and provide information about public transit, carpooling, and vanpooling, and carpool and vanpool ride-matching services.

The TDM Plan shall include an estimate of the vehicle trip reduction anticipated for each strategy proposed based on published research such as California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA), Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity (December 2021) (CAPCOA Handbook).

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4.18 TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES

4.18.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing tribal cultural resources within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential impacts to tribal cultural resources from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. No Scoping Meeting or NOP comments were received pertaining to this topic.

In accordance with AB 52 and SB 18 requirements, the City sent invitation letters to representatives of the Native American contacts provided by the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), formally inviting tribes to consult with the City on the Modified Project.

The intent of the consultations is to provide an opportunity for interested Native American contacts to work together with the City during the Project planning process to identify and protect tribal cultural resources. Initial response letters were received from the Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation, Juaneno Band of Mission Indians – Acjachemen Nation, Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians, Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians, and Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians requesting additional information on the project or consultation. After corresponding with the interested tribes, the Juaneno Band of Mission Indians expressed no further concerns to the City, and three other tribes (Soboba, Pechanga, and Rincon) became nonresponsive to the City’s correspondences. Consultation occurred only between the City and Gabrieleno.

This section of the Draft SEIR is based on the Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment (CRA), prepared by Brian F. Smith Associates, Inc. (BFSA), dated August 7, 2020, revised January 10, 2024 (Appendix F) and a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search requested from the Native American Heritage Commission (Appendix N).

4.18.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR did not specifically address tribal cultural resources, although Section 4.8 Cultural Resources addressed certain aspects of tribal cultural resources. The Approved Project impact analysis related to tribal cultural resources as presented in Section 4.8 Cultural Resources of the 2001 EIR as well as any mitigation measures identified to reduce significant impacts are summarized as follows.
b) Archeological resources?
d) Ethnic cultural values?

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As stated in the 2001 EIR, the GRRSP area contained two manufactured homes, facilities for a horse boarding operation, and a church operating out of an old restaurant building. In addition, a 1939 concrete culvert at the extreme north end of the Approved Project area was evaluated for consideration as a historic resource, but was not considered a historic resource and not eligible for inclusion in the National Register and it has since been removed and replaced. The remainder of the Project area was undeveloped and no other structures existed on site. As a result, the 2001 EIR determined no impact would result. e) Restriction of sacred uses?
Although the GRRSP area included a church on site, the 2001 EIR determined there were no known unique ethnic or cultural values associated with the site. In addition, there were no known religious or sacred uses on site which would be affected by the Approved development, and no significant impact on religious/sacred uses attributable to the Approved Project would be expected.

Cumulative Impacts
The 2001 EIR determined there were no significant prehistoric or historic archeological resources located within the GRRSP Planning Area. As a result, the 2001 EIR determined, there was no cumulative impact anticipated by the implementation of Approved Project.

4.18.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The GRRSP Planning Area encompasses the area adjacent to Green River Road, east of the SR-91/Green River Road interchange and west of Dominguez Ranch Road. The Modified Project site is largely undeveloped. Elevations on site range from 1,110 feet in the southwestern corner of the property to 515 feet in the northeastern corner of the property.

Field Survey
A pedestrian survey was prepared as part of the Cultural Resources Study for the Modified Project on July 10, 2020. The survey was conducted in approximately 10-meter interval transects, when not hindered by steep terrain and dense vegetation. Visibility was moderate due to pockets of dense vegetation found throughout the property. The northern portion of the project consists of gently sloping to almost flat terrain. However, the southern portion of the project is comprised of the steep slopes of the Santa Ana Mountains which are separated by seasonal drainages extending from higher elevations north through the property into the Santa Ana River and the Wardlow Wash. The property historically has been utilized for ranching since at least 1946 that has impacted and disturbed much of the northern portions of the project.

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Sacred Lands File Search
A SLF search was also requested from the NAHC. The NAHC SLF search did not indicate the presence of any sacred sites or locations of religious or ceremonial importance within a onemile search radius (Appendix E-2).

Native American Cultural Setting
The CRA (SEIR Appendix E-1) prepared for the Modified Project provides a comprehensive summary of the Paleo Indian, Archaic Period Milling Stone Horizon, and the Late Prehistoric Takic groups which are the three general cultural periods represented in Riverside County. The summary references the San Dieguito Complex, Encinitas Tradition, Milling Stone Horizon, La Jolla Complex, Pauma Complex, and San Luis Rey Complex, since these culture sequences have been used to describe archaeological manifestations in the region. The Late Prehistoric component present in the Riverside County area was primarily represented by the Cahuilla, Gabrielino, and Luiseño Indians. An archaeological and ethnographic perspective summary of these three Native American peoples is presented as follows.

Luiseño: An Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspective When contacted by the Spanish in the sixteenth century, the Luiseño occupied a territory bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the east by the Peninsular Ranges mountains at San Jacinto (including Palomar Mountain to the south and Santiago Peak to the north), on the south by Agua Hedionda Lagoon, and on the north by Aliso Creek in present-day San Juan Capistrano. The Luiseño were a Takic-speaking people more closely related linguistically and ethnographically to the Cahuilla, Gabrielino, and Cupeño to the north and east rather than the Kumeyaay who occupied territory to the south. The Luiseño differed from their neighboring Takic speakers in having an extensive proliferation of social statuses, a system of ruling families that provided ethnic cohesion within the territory, a distinct worldview that stemmed from the use of datura (a hallucinogen), and an elaborate religion that included the creation of sacred sand paintings depicting the deity Chingichngish.

Subsistence and Settlement: The Luiseño occupied sedentary villages most often located in sheltered areas in valley bottoms, along streams, or along coastal strands near mountain ranges.

Villages were located near water sources to facilitate acorn leaching and in areas that offered thermal and defensive protection. Villages were composed of areas that were publicly and privately (by family) owned. Publicly owned areas included trails, temporary campsites, hunting areas, and quarry sites. Inland groups had fishing and gathering sites along the coast that were intensively used from January to March when inland food resources were scarce.

During October and November, most of the village would relocate to mountain oak groves to harvest acorns. The Luiseño remained at village sites for the remainder of the year, where food resources were within a day’s travel.

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Social Organization: Social groups within the Luiseño nation consisted of patrilinear families or clans, which were politically and economically autonomous. Several clans comprised a religious party, or nota, which was headed by a chief who organized ceremonies and controlled economics and warfare. The chief had assistants who specialized in particular aspects of ceremonial or environmental knowledge and who, with the chief, were part of a religion-based social group with special access to supernatural power, particularly that of Chingichngish. The positions of chief and assistants were hereditary, and the complexity and multiplicity of these specialists’ roles likely increased in A Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment for the Green River Ranch III Project coastal and larger inland villages.

Marriages were arranged by the parents, often made to forge alliances between lineages. Useful alliances included those between groups of differing ecological niches and those that resulted in territorial expansion. Residence was patrilocal (Bean and Shipek 1978; Kroeber 1976).

Women were primarily responsible for plant gathering and men principally hunted, although, at times, particularly during acorn and marine mollusk harvests, there was no division of labor.

Elderly women cared for children and elderly men participated in rituals, ceremonies, and political affairs. They were also responsible for manufacturing hunting and ritual implements.

Children were taught subsistence skills at the earliest age possible.

Material Culture: House structures were conical, partially subterranean, and thatched with reeds, brush, or bark. Ramadas were rectangular, protected workplaces for domestic chores such as cooking. Ceremonial sweathouses were important in purification rituals; these were round and partially subterranean thatched structures covered with a layer of mud. Another ceremonial structure was the wámkis (located in the center of the village, serving as the place of rituals), where sand paintings and other rituals associated with the Chingichngish religious group were performed.

Clothing was minimal; women wore a cedar-bark and netted twine double apron and men wore a waist cord. In cold weather, cloaks or robes of rabbit fur, deerskin, or sea otter fur were worn by both sexes. Footwear included deerskin moccasins and sandals fashioned from yucca fibers.

Adornments included bead necklaces and pendants made of bone, clay, stone, shell, bear claw, mica, deer hooves, and abalone shell. Men wore ear and nose piercings made from cane or bone, which were sometimes decorated with beads. Other adornments were commonly decorated with semiprecious stones including quartz, topaz, garnet, opal, opalite, agate, and jasper.

Hunting implements included the bow and arrow. Arrows were tipped with either a carved, fire-hardened wood tip or a lithic point, usually fashioned from locally available metavolcanic material or quartz. Throwing sticks fashioned from wood were used in hunting small game, while deer head decoys were used during deer hunts. Coastal groups fashioned dugout canoes for nearshore fishing and harvested fish with seines, nets, traps, and hooks made of bone or abalone shell.

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The Luiseño had a well-developed basket industry. Baskets were used in resource gathering, food preparation, storage, and food serving. Ceramic containers were shaped by paddle and anvil and fired in shallow, open pits to be used for food storage, cooking, and serving. Other utensils included wood implements, steatite bowls, and ground stone manos, metates, mortars, and pestles. Additional tools such as knives, scrapers, choppers, awls, and drills were also used.

Shamanistic items include soapstone or clay smoking pipes and crystals made of quartz or tourmaline.

Cahuilla: An Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspective At the time of Spanish contact in the sixteenth century, the Cahuilla occupied territory that included the San Bernardino Mountains, Orocopia Mountain, and the Chocolate Mountains to the west, Salton Sea and Borrego Springs to the south, Palomar Mountain and Lake Mathews to the west, and the Santa Ana River to the north. The Cahuilla are a Takic-speaking people closely related to their Gabrielino and Luiseño neighbors, although relations with the Gabrielino were more intense than with the Luiseño. They differ from the Luiseño and Gabrielino in that their religion is more similar to the Mohave tribes of the eastern deserts than the Chingichngish religious group of the Luiseño and Gabrielino. The following is a summary of ethnographic data regarding this group.

Subsistence and Settlement: Cahuilla villages were typically permanent and located on low terraces within canyons in proximity to water sources. These locations proved to be rich in food resources and also afforded protection from prevailing winds. Villages had areas that were publicly owned and areas that were privately owned by clans, families, or individuals. Each village was associated with a particular lineage and series of sacred sites that included unique petroglyphs and pictographs. Villages were occupied throughout the year; however, during a several-week period in the fall, most of the village members relocated to mountain oak groves to take part in acorn harvesting.

Social Organization: The Cahuilla was not a political nation, but rather a cultural nationality with a common language. Two non-political, non-territorial patrimoieties were recognized: the Wildcats (túktem) and the Coyotes. Lineage and kinship were memorized at a young age among the Cahuilla, providing a backdrop for political relationships. Clans were composed of three to 10 lineages; each lineage owned a village site and specific resource areas. Lineages within a clan cooperated in subsistence activities, defense, and rituals.

A system of ceremonial hierarchy operated within each lineage. The hierarchy included the lineage leader, who was responsible for leading subsistence activities, guarding the sacred bundle, and negotiating with other lineage leaders in matters concerning land use, boundary disputes, marriage arrangements, trade, warfare, and ceremonies. The ceremonial assistant to the lineage leader was responsible for organizing ceremonies. A ceremonial singer possessed and performed songs at rituals and trained assistant singers. The shaman cured illnesses

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through supernatural powers, controlled natural phenomena, and was the guardian of ceremonies, keeping evil spirits away. The diviner was responsible for finding lost objects, telling future events, and locating game and other food resources. Doctors were usually older women who cured various ailments and illnesses with their knowledge of medicinal herbs.

Finally, certain Cahuilla specialized as traders, who ranged as far west as Santa Catalina and as far east as the Gila River.

Marriages were arranged by parents from opposite moieties. When a child was born, an alliance formed between the families, which included frequent reciprocal exchanges. The Cahuilla kinship system extended to relatives within five generations. Important economic decisions, primarily the distribution of goods, operated within this kinship system.

Material Culture: Cahuilla houses were dome-shaped or rectangular, thatched structures. The home of the lineage leader was the largest, located near the ceremonial house with the best access to water. Other structures within the village included the men’s sweathouse and granaries.

Cahuilla clothing, like other groups in the area, was minimal. Men typically wore a loincloth and sandals; women wore skirts made from mesquite bark, animal skin, or tules. Babies wore mesquite bark diapers. Rabbit skin cloaks were worn in cold weather.

Hunting implements included the bow and arrow, throwing sticks, and clubs. Grinding tools used in food processing included manos, metates, and wood mortars. The Cahuilla were known to use long grinding implements made from wood to process mesquite beans; the mortar was typically a hollowed log buried in the ground. Other tools included steatite arrow shaft straighteners.

Baskets were made from rush, deer grass, and skunkbrush. Different species and leaves were chosen for different colors in the basket design. Coiled-ware baskets were either flat (for plates, trays, or winnowing), bowl-shaped (for food serving), deep, inverted, and cone-shaped (for transporting), or rounded and flat-bottomed for storing utensils and personal items.

Cahuilla pottery was made from a thin, red-colored ceramic ware that was often painted and incised. Four basic vessel types are known for the Cahuilla: small-mouthed jars, cooking pots, bowls, and dishes. Additionally, smoking pipes and flutes were fashioned from ceramic.

Gabrielino: An Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspective The territory of the Gabrielino at the time of Spanish contact covers much of present-day Los Angeles and Orange counties. The southern extent of this culture area is bounded by Aliso Creek, the eastern extent is located east of present-day San Bernardino along the Santa Ana River, the northern extent includes the San Fernando Valley, and the western extent includes portions of the Santa Monica Mountains. The Gabrielino also occupied several Channel Islands including Santa Barbara Island, Santa Catalina Island, San Nicholas Island, and San Clemente

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Island. Because of their access to certain resources, including a steatite source from Santa Catalina Island, this group was among the wealthiest and most populous aboriginal groups in all of southern California. Trade of materials and resources controlled by the Gabrielino extended as far north as the San Joaquin Valley, as far east as the Colorado River, and as far south as Baja California.

Subsistence and Settlement: The Gabrielino lived in permanent villages and occupied smaller resource-gathering camps at various times of the year depending upon the seasonality of the resource. Larger villages were comprised of several families or clans, while smaller, seasonal camps typically housed smaller family units. The coastal area between San Pedro and Topanga Canyon was the location of primary subsistence villages, while secondary sites were located near inland sage stands, oak groves, and pine forests. Permanent villages were located along rivers and streams and in sheltered areas along the coast. As previously mentioned, the Channel Islands were also the locations of relatively large settlements.

Social Organization: The social structure of the Gabrielino is little known; however, there appears to have been at least three social classes: 1) the elite, which included the rich, chiefs, and their immediate family; 2) a middle class, which included people of relatively high economic status or long-established lineages; and 3) a class of people that included most other individuals in the society. Villages were politically autonomous units comprised of several lineages. During times of the year when certain seasonal resources were available, the village would divide into lineage groups and move out to exploit them, returning to the village between forays.

Each lineage had its own leader, with the village chief coming from the dominant lineage.

Several villages might be allied under a paramount chief. Chiefly positions were of an ascribed status, most often passed to the eldest son. Chiefly duties included providing village cohesion, leading warfare and peace negotiations with other groups, collecting tribute from the village(s) under his jurisdiction, and arbitrating disputes within the village(s). The status of the chief was legitimized by his safekeeping of the sacred bundle, a representation of the link between the material and spiritual realms and the embodiment of power.

Shamans were leaders in the spirit realm. The duties of the shaman included conducting healing and curing ceremonies, guarding the sacred bundle, locating lost items, identifying and collecting poisons for arrows, and making rain.

Marriages were made between individuals of equal social status and, in the case of powerful lineages, marriages were arranged to establish political ties between the lineages.

Men conducted the majority of the heavy labor, hunting, fishing, and trading with other groups.

Women’s duties included gathering and preparing plant and animal resources, and making baskets, pots, and clothing.

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Material Culture: Gabrielino houses were domed, circular structures made of thatched vegetation. Houses varied in size and could house from one to several families. Sweathouses (semicircular, earth covered buildings) were public structures used in male social ceremonies.

Other structures included menstrual huts and a ceremonial structure called a yuvar, an openair structure built near the chief’s house.

Clothing was minimal; men and children most often went naked, while women wore deerskin or bark aprons. In cold weather, deerskin, rabbit fur, or bird skin (with feathers intact) cloaks were worn. Island and coastal groups used sea otter fur for cloaks. In areas of rough terrain, yucca fiber sandals were worn. Women often used red ochre on their faces and skin for adornment or protection from the sun. Adornment items included feathers, fur, shells, and beads.

Hunting implements included wood clubs, sinew-backed bows, slings, and throwing clubs.

Maritime implements included rafts, harpoons, spears, hook and line, and nets. A variety of other tools included deer scapulae saws, bone and shell needles, bone awls, scrapers, bone or shell flakers, wedges, stone knives and drills, metates, mullers, manos, shell spoons, bark platters, and wood paddles and bowls. Baskets were made from rush, deer grass, and skunkbush. Baskets were fashioned for hoppers, plates, trays, and winnowers for leaching, straining, and gathering. Baskets were also used for storing, preparing, and serving food, and for keeping personal and ceremonial items.

The Gabrielino had exclusive access to soapstone, or steatite, procured from Santa Catalina Island quarries. This highly prized material was used for making pipes, animal carvings, ritual objects, ornaments, and cooking utensils. The Gabrielino profited well from trading steatite since it was valued so much by groups throughout southern California.

Ethnohistoric Period (1769 to Present)
Traditionally, the history of the state of California can be referred to together as the Ethnohistoric Period from 1769 to the present. European exploration along the California coast began in 1542 with the landing of Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo and his men at San Diego Bay.

Over the ensuing years, early European voyages observed Native Americans living in villages along the coast but did not make any substantial, long-lasting impact. At the time of contact, the Luiseño population was estimated to have ranged from 4,000 to as many as 10,000 individuals. Later on in the late 1700s, Spanish colonization expeditions started exploring San Diego, Riverside, Orange and Los Angeles Counties eventually establishing missions. Each mission gained power through the support of a large, subjugated Native American workforce.

Early colonization efforts were followed by the establishment of estancias. Throughout this period, the Native American populations were decimated by introduced diseases, a drastic shift in diet resulting in poor nutrition, and social conflicts due to the introduction of an entirely new social order. The treatment of Native Americans grew worse during the Mexican Rancho

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Period. Most of the Native Americans were forced off of their land or put to work on the now privately-owned ranchos, most often as slave labor. In light of the brutal ranchos, the degree to which Native Americans had become dependent upon the mission system is evident when, in 1838, a group of Native Americans from Mission San Luis Rey petitioned government officials in San Diego to relieve suffering at the hands of the rancheros:

We have suffered incalculable losses, for some of which we are in part to be blamed for because many of us have abandoned the Mission … We plead and beseech you … to grant us a Rev. Father for this place. We have been accustomed to the Rev. Fathers and to their manner of managing the duties. We labored under their intelligent directions, and we were obedient to the Fathers according to the regulations, because we considered it as good for us.

Native American culture had been disrupted to the point where they could no longer rely upon prehistoric subsistence and social patterns. Not only does this illustrate how dependent the Native Americans had become upon the missionaries, but it also indicates a marked contrast in the way the Spanish treated the Native Americans compared to the Mexican and United States ranchers. Spanish colonialism (missions) is based upon utilizing human resources while integrating them into their society. The Mexican and American ranchers did not accept Native Americans into their social order and used them specifically for the extraction of labor, resources, and profit. Rather than being incorporated, they were either subjugated or exterminated.

4.18.4 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES (PDF)
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.18.5 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal regulations that apply to the Modified Project.

STATE REGULATIONS
California Public Resources Code
Archaeological resources are protected pursuant to a wide variety of state policies and regulations enumerated under the California Public Resources Code. In addition, cultural resources are recognized as a nonrenewable resource and therefore receive protection under the California Public Resources Code and CEQA.

California Public Resources Code 5097.9–5097.991 provides protection to Native American historical and cultural resources, and sacred sites and identifies the powers and duties of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). It also requires notification of discoveries of

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Native American human remains, descendants and provides for treatment and disposition of human remains and associated grave goods.

California Health and Safety Code
The discovery of human remains is regulated by California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5, which states that:

In the event of discovery or recognition of any human remains in any location other than a dedicated cemetery, there shall be no further excavation…until the coroner…has determined…that the remains are not subject to…provisions of law concerning investigation of the circumstances, manner and cause of any death, and the recommendations concerning the treatment and disposition of the human remains have been made to the person responsible…. The coroner shall make his or her determination within two working days from the time the person responsible for the excavation, or his or her authorized representative, notifies the coroner of the discovery or recognition of the human remains. If the coroner determines that the remains are not subject to his or her authority and…has reason to believe that they are those of a Native American, he or she shall contact, by telephone within 24 hours, the Native American Heritage Commission.

California Senate Bill 18
Existing law provides limited protection for Native American prehistoric, archaeological, cultural, spiritual, and ceremonial places. These places may include sanctified cemeteries, religious, ceremonial sites, shrines, burial grounds, prehistoric ruins, archaeological or historic sites, Native American rock art inscriptions, or features of Native American historic, cultural, and sacred sites.

Senate Bill 18 was signed into law in September 2004 and went into effect on March 1, 2005.

It places new requirements upon local governments for developments within or near “traditional tribal cultural places” (TTCP). Per SB 18, the law requires local jurisdictions to provide opportunities for involvement of California Native Americans tribes in the land planning process for the purpose of preserving traditional tribal cultural places. The Final Tribal Guidelines recommends that the NAHC provide written information as soon as possible but no later than 30 days to inform the lead agency if the proposed project is determined to be in proximity to a TTCP and another 90 days for tribes to respond to a local government if they want to consult to determine whether the project would have an adverse impact on the TTCP.

There is no statutory limit on the consultation duration. Forty-five days before the action is publicly considered by the local government council, the local government refers action to agencies, following the CEQA public review time frame. The CEQA public distribution list may include tribes listed by the NAHC who have requested consultation or it may not. If the NAHC, the tribe, and interested parties agree upon the mitigation measures necessary for the

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proposed project, they would be included in the project’s EIR. If both the City of Corona and the tribe agree that adequate mitigation or preservation measures cannot be taken, neither party is obligated to take action.

Per SB 18, a city or county is required to consult with the NAHC and any appropriate Native American tribe prior to the adoption, revision, amendment, or update of a city’s or county’s general plan. Although SB 18 does not specifically mention consultation or notice requirements for adoption or amendment of specific plans, the Final Tribal Guidelines advises that SB 18 requirements extend to specific plans as well, because state planning law requires local governments to use the same process for amendment or adoption of specific plans as general plans (defined in Government Code § 65453). In addition, SB 18 provides a new definition of TTCP requiring a traditional association of the site with Native American traditional beliefs, cultural practices, or ceremonies or the site must be shown to actually have been used for activities related to traditional beliefs, cultural practices, or ceremonies. (Previously, the site was defined to require only an association with traditional beliefs, practices, lifeways, and ceremonial activities.) In addition, SB 18 law also amended Civil Code Section 815.3 and adds California Native American tribes to the list of entities that can acquire and hold conservation easements for the purpose of protecting their cultural places.

Assembly Bill 52
AB 52 took effect July 1, 2015, and requires inclusion of a new section in CEQA documents titled Tribal Cultural Resources (TCR), which includes heritage sites. Under AB 52, a tribal cultural resource is defined in a similar way to tribal cultural places under SB 18 sites, features, places, cultural landscapes, sacred places, and objects with cultural value to a California Native American tribe that are either included or eligible for inclusion in the California Register of Historic Resources or included in a local register of historical resources. Or the lead agency, supported by substantial evidence, chooses at its discretion to treat the resource as a tribal cultural resource.

Similar to SB 18, AB 52 requires consultation with tribes at an early stage to determine whether the project would have an adverse impact on the TCR and mitigation to protect them. Per AB 52, within 14 days of deciding to undertake a project or determining that a project application is complete, the lead agency must provide formal written notification to all tribes who have requested it. The tribe then has 30 days of receiving the notification to respond if it wishes to engage in consultation. The lead agency must initiate consultation within 30 days of receiving the request from the tribe. Consultation concluded when both parties have agreed on measures to mitigate, or avoid a significant effect to a tribal cultural resource, or a party, after a reasonable effort tin good faith, decides that mutual agreement cannot be reached. Regardless of the outcome of consultation, the CEQA document must disclose significant impacts on tribal cultural resources and discussfeasible alternatives or mitigation that avoid or lessen the impact.

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REGIONAL REGULATIONS
There are no regional regulations that apply to the Modified Project.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
General Plan Historic Resources Element
The following are relevant policies from the Historic Resources Element of the Corona General Plan, which may contribute to reduce potential tribal cultural resources impacts as a result of implementation of the proposed Modified Project.

Policy HR-3.1: Require appropriate treatment/preservation of archaeological collections in a culturally appropriate manner, in accordance with state and federal standards, and in consultation with interested Native American tribes that have traditional cultural affiliation with the project area and/or the resources affected by the project.

Policy HR-3.2: Require that development proposals incorporate specific measures to identify, protect, and preserve cultural resources in the planning, environmental review, and development process.

Policy HR-3.3: Archaeological resources found prior to or during construction shall be evaluated by a qualified archaeologist and appropriate mitigation measures applied, pursuant to § 21083.2 of CEQA, before the resumption of development activities. Any measures applied shall include the preparation of a report meeting professional standards, which shall be submitted to the appropriate CHRIS information center.

Policy HR-3.4: Any project that involves earth-disturbing activities in an area determined to be archaeologically or culturally sensitive shall require evaluation of the site by a qualified archaeologist. The applicant shall implement the recommendations of the archaeologist, subject to the approval of the City Planning Department.

Policy HR-3.5: Any project that involves earth-disturbing activities in an area determined to be archaeologically or culturally sensitive shall require consultation by the applicant with interested federally recognized American Indian Tribe(s) that have a traditional cultural affiliation with the project area and/or the resources affected by the project, for the purposes of determining resources impacts and appropriate mitigation to address such impacts.

Applicant shall also arrange for monitoring of earth- disturbing activities by interested federally recognized American Indian Tribe(s) that have a traditional cultural affiliation with the project area and/or the resources affected by the project, if requested.

Policy HR-3.8: In the event of the discovery of a burial, human bone, or suspected human bone, all excavation or grading in the vicinity of the find shall halt immediately and the area shall be protected and the project applicant immediately shall notify the Riverside County Coroner and comply with provisions of the Health and Safety Code § 7050.5, including PRC

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§ 5097.98, if applicable. If the find is determined to be Native American human remains, the applicant shall consult with the Most Likely Descendent to determine appropriate treatment for such remains.

4.18.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant agricultural and forest resources impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Project-related component would:

Threshold TCR-1 Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code § 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
i) Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k), or
ii) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code § 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code § 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe.

4.18.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Impacts
Would the
Modified
Project result
in new or
more severe
impacts
requiring
revisions to
the Prior
EIR?
Would the
Modified Project be
implemented under
changed
circumstances
resulting in new or
more severe
impacts requiring
revisions to the
Prior EIR?
Is there new
information that
would result in
new or more
severe impacts
from the
Modified Project
requiring
revisions to the
Prior EIR?
Would the
Modified
Project result in
eliminated,
reduced, or no
changes to
impacts and no
changes to the
Prior EIR are
required?
Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code § 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:

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TCR-1 Listed or eligible for listing
in the California Register of
Historical Resources, or in a
local register of historical
resources as defined in
Public Resources Code
section 5020.1(k)?
TCR-2 A resource determined by
the lead agency, in its
discretion and supported by
substantial evidence, to be
significant pursuant to
criteria set forth in
subdivision (c) of Public
Resources Code § 5024.1.

In applying the criteria set
forth in subdivision (c) of
Public Resource Code §
5024.1, the lead agency
shall consider the
significance of the resource
to a California Native
American tribe?

IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact TCR-1: Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code § 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k)?
Impact TCR-2: Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code § 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is a resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code § 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code § 5024.1, the lead agency

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shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe?
Change in Circumstance or New Information Requiring Major or Minor EIR Revisions.

As determined in Section 4.5 Cultural Resources, the Modified Project site includes a boardformed concrete water tank, a concrete-lined reservoir, and a front-gabled cinderblock garage, however, does not contain resources eligible for listing on a register of historical resources. In addition, the Cultural Resources Assessment (Appendix E) prepared for the Project included a records search for the Modified Project site and surrounding area was conducted through the Eastern Information Center at the University of California Riverside and did not identify any historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k) on the site.

However, as previsoulsy stated in Section 4.5, Cultural Resources, given the prior disturbance and historic use of the Project site, and the proximity to multiple natural sources of water, unknown buried archaeological deposits may be encountered within the Planning Area during grading operations. Due to current best practices and the City’s General Plan, it is understood that unknown resources may be encounter during development of the Modified Project may occur resulting in a significant impact. As stated in Section 4.5.10, Mitigation Measure, MM CUL-1, all earthwork for development of the Modified Project would be required to be monitored by a qualified archaeologist and protocols within the Mitigation Monitoring Reporting Program (MMRP) are to be followed.

Furthermore, the SLF search (Appendix E-2) completed by the NAHC to determine if recorded Native American sacred sites or locations of religious or ceremonial importance are present within a one-mile radius of the Project site, yielded negative results. Given that there are no known tribal cultural resources on or adjacent to the Modified Project site, there is a limited potential for the Project to impact tribal cultural resources.

However, as part of the AB 52 and SB 18 consultation processes, the Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation have indicated there is a high potential to impact TCRs during grading activities of the Modified Project due to the prehistoric activities that occurred within and around the GRRSP Planning Area. In consideration of the Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation, their suggested Mitigation Measures, MM TCR-1 thru TCR-3, would be included to reduce the potential impact to unknown Tribal Cultural Resource unearthed during grading construction activities. Thus, impacts to tribal cultural resources would be reduced to less than significant with implementation of MM CUL-1, MM TCR-1 thru TRC-3. However, no substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR.

Mitigation Measure
The Modified Project introduces the following Mitigation Measures and are further described in detail Section 4.18.10.

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• MM TCR-1 thru TCR-3
• MM CUL-1 as previously defined in Section 4.5.10.

4.18.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/ Change in Circumstance or New Information Requiring Major or Minor EIR Revisions.

The cumulative study area for tribal cultural resources includes the City of Corona region, which contains the same general tribal historic setting. Other projects throughout the City that would involve ground disturbances could reveal buried tribal cultural resources.

Cumulative impacts to tribal cultural resources would be reduced by compliance with applicable regulations and consultations required by SB 18. As described above, the GRRSP Planning Area is not known to contain tribal cultural resources; however, Mitigation Measures CUL-1, and TCR-1 thru TCR-3 would be implemented to ensure that impacts would not occur in the case of an inadvertent discovery of a potential tribal cultural resource.

These mitigation measures ensure that the Modified Project would not contribute to a cumulative loss of tribal cultural resources. Therefore, potential cumulative impacts would be less than significant. However, no substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR.

4.18.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No prior mitigation measures were required as determined in the 2001 EIR.

4.18.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT MM TCR-1: Retain a Native American Monitor Prior to Commencement of GroundDisturbing Activities A. The Project applicant/lead agency shall retain a Native American Monitor from or approved by the Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation. The monitor shall be retained prior to the commencement of any “ground-disturbing activity” for the subject project at all project locations(i.e., both on-site and any off-site locations that are included in the project description/definition and/or required in connection with the project, such as public improvement work). “Ground-disturbing activity” shall include, but is not limited to, demolition, pavement removal, potholing, auguring, grubbing, tree removal, boring, grading, excavation, drilling, and trenching.

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B. A copy of the executed monitoring agreement shall be submitted to the lead agency prior to the earlier of the commencement of any ground-disturbing activity, or the issuance of any permit necessary to commence a ground-disturbing activity.

C. The monitor will complete daily monitoring logs that will provide descriptions of the relevant ground-disturbing activities, the type of construction activities performed, locations of ground-disturbing activities, soil types, cultural-related materials, and any other facts, conditions, materials, or discoveries of significance to the Tribe. Monitor logs will identify and describe any discovered TCRs, including but not limited to, Native American cultural and historical artifacts, remains, places of significance, etc., (collectively, tribal cultural resources, or “TCR”), as well as any discovered Native American (ancestral) human remains and burial goods. Copies of monitor logs will be provided to the project applicant/lead agency upon written request to the Tribe.

D. On-site tribal monitoring shall conclude upon the latter of the following (1) written confirmation to the Kizh from a designated point of contact for the project applicant/lead agency that all ground-disturbing activities and phases that may involve ground-disturbing activities on the project site or in connection with the project are complete; or (2) a determination and written notification by the Kizh to the project applicant/lead agency that no future, planned construction activity and/or development/construction phase at the project site possesses the potential to impact Kizh TCRs.

E. Upon discovery of any TCRs, all construction activities in the immediate vicinity of the discovery shall cease (i.e., not less than the surrounding 50 feet) and shall not resume until the discovered TCR has been fully assessed by the Kizh monitor and/or Kizh archaeologist.

The Kizh will recover and retain all discovered TCRs in the form and/or manner the Tribe deems appropriate, in the Tribe’s sole discretion, and for any purpose the Tribe deems appropriate, including for educational, cultural and/or historic purposes.

MM TCR-2: Unanticipated Discovery of Human Remains and Associated Funerary Objects A. Native American human remains are defined in PRC 5097.98 (d)(1) as an inhumation or cremation, and in any state of decomposition or skeletal completeness. Funerary objects, called associated grave goods in Public Resources Code Section 5097.98, are also to be treated according to this statute.

B. If Native American human remains and/or grave goods discovered or recognized on the project site, then all construction activities shall immediately cease. Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 dictates that any discoveries of human skeletal material shall be immediately reported to the County Coroner and all ground-disturbing activities shall immediately halt and shall remain halted until the coroner has determined the nature of the remains. If the coroner recognizes the human remains to be those of a Native American or has reason to believe they are Native American, he or she shall contact, by telephone within 24 hours, the Native American Heritage Commission, and Public Resources Code Section 5097.98 shall be followed.

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C. Human remains and grave/burial goods shall be treated alike per California Public Resources Code section 5097.98(d)(1) and (2).

D. Construction activities may resume in other parts of the project site at a minimum of 200 feet away from discovered human remains and/or burial goods, if the Kizh determines in its sole discretion that resuming construction activities at that distance is acceptable and provides the project manager express consent of that determination (along with any other mitigation measures the Kizh monitor and/or archaeologist deems necessary). (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5(f).)
E. Preservation in place (i.e., avoidance) is the preferred manner of treatment for discovered human remains and/or burial goods. Any historic archaeological material that is not Native American in origin (non-TCR) shall be curated at a public, non-profit institution with a research interest in the materials, such as the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County or the Fowler Museum, if such an institution agrees to accept the material. If no institution accepts the archaeological material, it shall be offered to a local school or historical society in the area for educational purposes.

F. Any discovery of human remains/burial goods shall be kept confidential to prevent further disturbance.

MM TCR-3: Procedures for Burials and Funerary Remains:

A. As the Most Likely Descendant (“MLD”), the Koo-nas-gna Burial Policy shall be implemented. To the Tribe, the term “human remains” encompasses more than human bones. In ancient as well as historic times, Tribal Traditions included, but were not limited to, the preparation of the soil for burial, the burial of funerary objects with the deceased, and the ceremonial burning of human remains.

B. If the discovery of human remains includes four or more burials, the discovery location shall be treated as a cemetery and a separate treatment plan shall be created.

C. The prepared soil and cremation soils are to be treated in the same manner as bone fragments that remain intact. Associated funerary objects are objects that, as part of the death rite or ceremony of a culture, are reasonably believed to have been placed with individual human remains either at the time of death or later; other items made exclusively for burial purposes or to contain human remains can also be considered as associated funerary objects. Cremations will either be removed in bulk or by means as necessary to ensure complete recovery of all sacred materials.

D. In the case where discovered human remains cannot be fully documented and recovered on the same day, the remains will be covered with muslin cloth and a steel plate that can be moved by heavy equipment placed over the excavation opening to protect the remains.

If this type of steel plate is not available, a 24-hour guard should be posted outside of working hours. The Tribe will make every effort to recommend diverting the project and

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keeping the remains in situ and protected. If the project cannot be diverted, it may be determined that burials will be removed.

E. In the event preservation in place is not possible despite good faith efforts by the project applicant/developer and/or landowner, before ground-disturbing activities may resume on the project site, the landowner shall arrange a designated site location within the footprint of the project for the respectful reburial of the human remains and/or ceremonial objects.

F. Each occurrence of human remains and associated funerary objects will be stored using opaque cloth bags. All human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects and objects of cultural patrimony will be removed to a secure container on site if possible. These items should be retained and reburied within six months of recovery. The site of reburial/repatriation shall be on the project site but at a location agreed upon between the Tribe and the landowner at a site to be protected in perpetuity. There shall be no publicity regarding any cultural materials recovered.

G. The Tribe will work closely with the project’s qualified archaeologist to ensure that the excavation is treated carefully, ethically and respectfully. If data recovery is approved by the Tribe, documentation shall be prepared and shall include (at a minimum) detailed descriptive notes and sketches. All data recovery data recovery-related forms of documentation shall be approved in advance by the Tribe. If any data recovery is performed, once complete, a final report shall be submitted to the Tribe and the NAHC.

The Tribe does NOT authorize any scientific study or the utilization of any invasive and/or destructive diagnostics on human remains.

MM CUL-1: as previously defined in Section 4.5.10.

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4.19 UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS

4.19.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing utility and service systems within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential changes in impacts utility and service systems from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. Utilities and services systems include water supply and distribution systems; wastewater (sewage) conveyance and treatment; storm drainage systems; solid waste collection and disposal services; and other public utilities.

Mitigation measures are recommended as necessary to reduce significant air quality impacts.

No NOP comment letters were received pertaining to this topic. A Public Scoping Meeting comment was received from Francesca Da Sacco pertaining to this topic.

This section of the Draft SEIR is based on the Preliminary Wastewater Report Green River Rach Business Park, prepared by KWC Engineers, dated April 2022 (Appendix O-1), the Preliminary Water Report Green River Rach Business Park, prepared by KWC Engineers, dated November 2021(Appendix O-2), and the Water Supply Assessment for the Green River Ranch Business Park, prepared by Michael Baker International, dated June 2024 (Appendix O-3).

4.19.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The Approved Project impact analysis related to utilities and service systems as presented in the 2001 EIR as well as any mitigation measures identified to reduce significant impacts are summarized as follows:
a) Power or natural gas?
As determined in the 2001 EIR, impacts to power services provided by Southern California Edison (SCE), and natural gas services provided by the Southern California Gas Company (SGC) would be less than significant as the Approved Project would produce a small percentage of the electricity/natural gas utilized by consumers or provided by these utilities on a daily basis. The 2001 EIR stated prior to the issuance of building permits, the developer shall submit plans showing the incorporation of energy conservation measures into the project in accordance with Title 24 of the California Administrative Code, and prior to the issuance of certificates of occupancy, the developer shall extend existing power and gas lines into the site in coordination with SCE and the Gas Company, and in accordance with Public Utilities Commission (PUC) regulations. The 2001 determined upon compliance with these

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requirements, with implementation of the Approved Project no significant impacts would occur.
b) Communications systems?
As determined in the 2001 EIR, telephone service to the Approved Project area is provided by Pacific Bell and provides service on demand. As concluded in the 2001 EIR, coordination with Pacific Bell will ensure timely service, and with implementation of the Approved Project, no significant impact would occur.
c) Water treatment/distribution/supply?
As determined in the 2001 EIR, implementation of the Approved Project’s Conceptual Water Plan as prescribed in the Approved GRRSP will reduce impacts related to provision of water delivery infrastructure to less than significant. As stated in the 2001 EIR, although the existing water delivery infrastructure system will need to be expanded, the Conceptual Water Plan contained in the Approved GRRSP provides the necessary infrastructure to accommodate development in the Approved GRRSP Planning Area within the City’s water service zones 1 and 2. In addition, the Approved Project although will likely increase demand for water, the 2001 EIR conlcuded the City of Corona Water Utilities Department indicated that there are sufficient water supplies to serve the water demand for the Approved GRRSP Planning Area.

Consequently, the 2001 EIR determined the increase in water demand resulting from development of the Approved Project is considered to be less than significant. d) Sewer or septic tanks?
The 2001 EIR determined, although the Approved Project will likely increase wastewater effluent flows to the City’s wastewater treatment system, the City of Corona Water Utilities Department indicates that there is sufficient wastewater capacity to serve the wastewater generation estimated for the Specific Plan area. As such, the 2001 EIR determined the increase in wastewater resulting from development of the Specific Plan is considered to be less than significant.
e) Storm water drainage?
The 2001 EIR determined, the Approved Projectsite is not within any identified 100-year flood zone or dam inundation area, and modification of existing topography would change the rate, flow, and direction of stormwater and may produce localized flooding. Although storm flows resulting from implementation of the Approved Project will exceed the capacity of the existing culverts, as included in mitigation measures MM 4.11.2A and 4.11.2B the construction of three on-site detention basins will reduce the volume of storm flows to a level that the existing culverts can sufficiently accommodate. As determined in the 2001 EIR, adherence to the above stated mitigation measures would reduce potential impacts associated with any increase in the amount of surface runoff to less significant levels.

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f) Solid waste?
As determined in the 2001 EIR, development of the Approved Project would generate solid waste from use and occupancy of the on-site commercial, industrial and residential uses. As stated in the 2001 EIR, the amount of solid waste estimated to be generated by the Approved Project amounts to significantly less than 1 percent of this average daily volume. Based on this information, the 2001 EIR determined no significant impact related to solid waste issues is anticipated.

Cumulative Impacts?
As stated in the 2001 EIR, the Approved Project’s development associated with the GRRSP would increase water service demand to the City of Corona by approximately 236-acre feet per year (211,213gpd). However, the 2001 EIR determined the City of Corona Water Utilities department has stated existing water sources can accommodate the projected level of population and employment growth created by the Approved Project. In addition, the 2001 EIR stated this increase in demand of 236-acre feet associated with the Approved Project is an increase of less than 1 percent of current water sales (0.85 percent) and both imported surface water and local groundwater supplies are expected to be available to meet service area water demand in the future. In addition, the 2001 EIR determined the Water Utilities Department has anticipated increases in water demand and the associated infrastructure in its water facilities and supply planning efforts. Therefore, as determined in the 2001 EIR, the Approved Project’s contributions to potential cumulative water service impacts (an increase of 0.85 percent of the current total water demand) are considered to be less than significant.

In addition, the 2001 EIR determined new development associated with the Approved Project would increase wastewater generation, however existing wastewater treatment facilities can accommodate the projected level of population and employment growth created by the Approved Project. Furthermore, the 2001 concluded that existing and planned wastewater facilities are expected to be available to meet citywide wastewater generation in the future.

Therefore, the 2001 EIR determined contributions to potential cumulative wastewater service impacts are considered to be less than significant.

4.19.3 ENIVRIONMENTAL SETTING
Water Service
Water service to the GRRSP Planning Area will be provided by the City of Corona’s Utilities Department (CUP). The City’s domestic potable water supply is derived from the following sources: local wells, Colorado River, and State Water Project water from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD). The local wells are located in the Temescal, Bedford, and Coldwater Basins. Water deliveries supplied from the State Water Project are conveyed directly to the City’s existing water filtration plant.

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Under existing conditions, An existing 10” waterline extends along Dominguez Ranch Road from the adjacent Sierra Del Oro community. The existing 16” water transmission line along Green River Road, which currently terminates at near the eastern edge of the project, will be extended to service the Specific Plan area to Fresno Road, and then extend south to the limits of Fresno Road. 12” lines will be extended onsite to service all of the nonresidential areas. 12” lines will be constructed to service the residential areas.

Storm Water Drainage
Within the Modified Project area, there are four major flowlines convey towards Green River Road. Two of the four major flowlines converge into single stream towards a headwall inlet structure then convey across Green River Road to the north. This runoff combines with the offsite drainage area from Green River Road, the runoff ultimately convey towards BNSF railroad and to an existing 72-inch CMP underneath 91 Freeway. South of Green River Roar, the additional two drainage areas flow northerly towards Green River Road and then convey across the street via existing storm drain facilities. Along with small offsite area, these runoff will continue flow via natural streambed towards BNSF railroad and eventually discharge under existing 54-inch CMP underneath 91 Freeway.

Sewer System
The City of Corona CUD is the primary provider of sewer and sanitation services to Corona.

The CUD, Wastewater Division services a population of approximately 168,000 people over

38.5 square miles. The City sewer system is comprised of 13 sewer lift stations and associated force mains, three water reclamation facilities, and a network of gravity sewer pipes of approximately 368 miles with sizes ranging from 6 inches to 42 inches in diameter.

Approximately 83 percent of City pipes are 8 inches in diameter. The El Cerrito area is currently on septic systems. The City also has capacity in the (Western Riverside County Wastewater Authority) WRCRWA Plant; the City has a capacity of 2.62 million gallons per day (WRCRWA 2019b).

The site is in Sewershed 10 and drains north towards Green River Road. Nearby developments utilize the Sierra Del Oro Lift Station (SDO LS) to convey wastewater easterly through a 12- inch sewer force main in Palisades Drive. Sewage then flows by gravity through the 21-inch Railroad Trunk Sewer to WRF No. 1. The current treatment capacity of WRF No. 1 is 11.5 MGD with an expected future reliable treatment capacity of 14.5 MGD with improvements. It is our understanding that the WRF No. 1 has available treatment capacity to serve the Project.

There is an existing 10-inch gravity sewer line in Green River Road that collects flows from Kraft Ranch and surrounding developments and conveys them easterly to the Sierra Del Oro Lift Station. The Green River Lift Station is located northwest of the Project and conveys flows in an 8-inch force main that runs along the north side of the project and discharges to the existing 10-inch gravity sewer line in Green River Road. The Prado Lift Station is located

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northeast of the Project and conveys flow through a 4-inch force main to the existing 10-inch gravity sewer line in Green River Road. Per the City 2005 Sewer Master Plan modeling results, the existing 10-inch gravity sewer line in Green River Road is flowing over full pipe capacity and needs to be replaced with a larger line.

The SDO LS was constructed in 1987 and is approaching the end of its useful life. The lift station has a total pumping capacity of 1,460 gallons per minute (gpm). The 2005 Sewer Master Plan estimates that the ultimate peak wet weather flow to the lift station will be 1950 gpm.

From Table 2-4, this study shows a PWWF of 0.255 cfs which equates to 114 gpm from the proposed BPI development and future commercial and estate residential development. The Modified Project will be required to participate in the relocation and upgrade of the SDO LS and surrounding improvements.

Solid Waste Services
The Riverside County Department of Waste Resources (RCDWR) is responsible for the efficient and effective landfill disposal of non-hazardous waste within the County, and operates six active landfills in addition to holding a contract agreement to dispose of waste at the private El Sobrante Landfill (Riverside County, 2015). Solid waste generated in the Project area is disposed of at either the El Sobrante Landfill, Lamb Canyon Landfill, or Badlands Landfill.

The El Sobrante Landfill is currently permitted to receive 16,054 tons per day (tpd), while the average daily tonnage in June 2022 was 11,003 tpd. The Lamb Canyon Landfill is permitted to receive 5,000 tpd, while data from June 2022 shows that the Lamb Canyon Landfill received a daily average of approximately 2,095.7 tpd. The Badlands Landfill is permitted to receive 4,800 tpd, while in May 2022 the Badlands Landfill received an average of 2,479 tpd. (RCDWR, 2022).

Under existing conditions, the City of Corona contracts with Waste Management Inc. (WMI) for trash and recycling services. In 2018, 256,311 tons of solid waste and 152 tons of alternative daily from the City were landfilled (CalRecycle, 2019a). It is anticipated that some industrial users may contract with private waste disposal companies. It is also anticipated future development of the GRRSP Planning Area, individual tenants and residents of the Modified Project will participate in recycling programs as offered by the City and other private organizations.

Other Service
The GRRSP Planning Area also is located in the service territories of the Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas) (natural gas) and Southern California Edison (electricity).

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4.19.4 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
Clean Water Act and National Pollution Elimination Discharge System Wastewater treatment before effluent is discharged to Waters of the United States is required by the federal Clean Water Act, United States Code, Title 33, Sections 1251 et seq.

Requirements for waste discharges from publicly owned treatment works to navigable waters are addressed in National Pollution Elimination Discharge System (NPDES) regulations under the Clean Water Act. NPDES permits for such discharges in the Project region are issued by the Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board.

Safe Water Drinking Act
The federal Safe Drinking Water Act regulates the nation’s drinking water and gives the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the authority to set national drinking water standards and regulations. All public water systems that provide service to 25 or more individuals must meet these standards. Water purveyors must monitor for contaminants on fixed schedules and report to the EPA when a maximum contaminant level is exceeded. Contaminants include organic and inorganic chemicals, substances that are known to cause cancer, radionuclides, and microbial contaminants (e.g., coliform and E. coli). The California Department of Public Health is responsible for implementation of the Safe Drinking Water Act in California.

United States Department of Energy/Federal Energy Regulatory Commission The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is the federal agency responsible for establishing policies regarding energy conservation, domestic energy production and infrastructure. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) is an independent federal agency, officially organized as part of the DOE which is responsible for regulating interstate transmission of natural gas, oil and electricity, reliability of the electric grid and approving of construction of interstate natural gas pipelines and storage facilities. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 has also granted FERC with additional responsibilities of overseeing the reliability of the nation’s electricity transmission grid and supplementing state transmission siting efforts in national interest electric transmission corridors.

FERC has authority to oversee mandatory reliability standards governing the nation’s electricity grid. FERC has established rules on certification of an Electric Reliability Organization (ERO) which establishes, approves and enforces mandatory electricity reliability standards. The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) has been certified as the nation’s ERO by FERC to enforce reliability standards in all interconnected jurisdictions in North America. Although FERC regulates the bulk energy transmission and reliability throughout the United States, the areas outside of FERC’s jurisdictional responsibility include

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state level regulations and retail electricity and natural gas sales to consumers which falls under the jurisdiction of state regulatory agencies.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requires all new cellular tower construction to be approved by the state or local authority for the proposed site and comply with FCC rules involving environmental review. Additionally, the Telecommunications Act of 1996 requires construction of new cellular towers to comply with the local zoning authority. (FERC, n.d.)

STATE REGULATIONS
Water Conservation in Landscaping Act
The Water Conservation in Landscaping Act was established to ensure adequate water supplies are available for future uses. To promote the conservation and efficient use of water, the Act requires local agencies to adopt a water efficient landscape ordinance. When such an ordinance had not been adopted, a finding as to why (based on the climatic, geologic, or topographical conditions) such an ordinance is not necessary, must be adopted. In the absence of such an ordinance or findings, the policies and requirements contained in the “model” ordinance drafted by the State of California shall apply within the affected jurisdiction. (CA Legislative Info, n.d.)
Water Recycling in Landscaping Act
In 2000, SB 2095 (Water Recycling in Landscaping Act) was approved by Governor Davis requiring any local public or private entity that produces recycled water and determines that within 10 years it will provide recycled water within the boundaries of a local agency, to notify the local agency of that fact. In turn, local agencies are required to adopt and enforce within 180 days a specified recycled water ordinance, unless the local agency adopted a recycled water ordinance or other regulation requiring the use of recycled water in its jurisdiction prior to January 1, 2001. (CA Legislative Info, n.d.)
Urban Water Management Planning Act
The Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMP Act) was proposed and adopted to ensure that water planning is conducted at the local level, as the State of California recognized that two water agencies in the same region could have very different impacts from a drought.

The UWMP Act requires water agencies to develop UWMPs over a 20-year planning horizon, and further required UWMPs to be updated every five years. UWMPs are exempt from compliance with CEQA. (DWR, 2016, p. 1-2)
The UWMPs provide a framework for long term water planning and inform the public of a supplier’s plans for long-term resource planning that ensures adequate water supplies for existing and future demands. This part of the California Water Code (CWC) requires urban water suppliers to report, describe, and evaluate:

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• Water deliveries and uses;
• Water supply sources;
• Efficient water uses;
• Demand management measures; and
• Water shortage contingency planning. (DWR, 2016, p. 1-3) The UWMP Act has been modified over the years in response to the State’s water shortages, droughts, and other factors. A significant amendment was made in 2009, after the drought of 2007-2009 and as a result of the governor’s call for a statewide 20 percent reduction in urban water use by the year 2020. This was the Water Conservation Act of 2009, also known as SB X7-7. This Act required agencies to establish water use targets for 2015 and 2020 that would result in statewide savings of 20 percent by 2020. Beginning in 2016, retail water suppliers are required to comply with the water conservation requirements in SB X7-7 in order to be eligible for State water grants or loans. Retail water agencies are required to set targets and track progress toward decreasing daily per capita urban water use in their service area, which will assist the State in meeting its 20 percent reduction goal by 2020. (DWR, 2016, p. 1-2) Government Code § 66473.7(b)(2) (Senate Bill 221)
Under Senate Bill (SB) 221, approval by a city or county of certain residential subdivisions requires an affirmative written verification of sufficient water supply. SB 221 is intended as a ‘fail safe’ mechanism to ensure that collaboration on finding the needed water supplies to serve a new large subdivision occurs before construction begins. SB 221 requires the legislative body of a city or county or the advisory agency, to the extent that it is authorized by local ordinance to approve, conditionally approve, or disapprove a tentative map, must include as a condition in any tentative map that includes a subdivision a requirement that a sufficient water supply shall be available. Proof of the availability of a sufficient water supply must be requested by the subdivision applicant or local agency, at the discretion of the local agency, and id based on written verification from the applicable public water system within 90 days of a request. SB 221 does not apply to any residential project proposed for a site that is within an urbanized area and has been previously developed for urban uses, or where the immediate contiguous properties surrounding the residential project site are, or previously have been, developed for urban uses, or housing projects that are exclusively for very low and low-income households. (DWR, 2003; CA Legislative Info, n.d.)
California SB 610
The CWC §§ 10910 through 10915 were amended by the enactment of SB 610 in 2002. SB 610 requires an assessment of whether available water supplies are sufficient to serve the demand generated by a proposed project, as well as the reasonably foreseeable cumulative demand in the region over the next 20 years under average normal year, single dry year, and

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multiple dry year conditions. Under SB 610, water assessments must be furnished to local governments for inclusion in any environmental documentation for certain projects (as defined in CWC § 10912 [a]) subject to CEQA. (DWR, 2003; CA Legislative Info, n.d.) For the purposes of SB 610, “project” means any of the following:

1. (1) A proposed residential development of more than 500 dwelling units.

2. (2) A proposed shopping center or business establishment employing more than 1,000 persons or having more than 500,000 square feet of floor space.

3. (3) A proposed commercial office building employing more than 1,000 persons or having more than 250,000 square feet of floor space.

4. (4) A proposed hotel or motel, or both, having more than 500 rooms.

5. (5) A proposed industrial, manufacturing, or processing plant, or industrial park planned to house more than 1,000 persons, occupying more than 40 acres of land, or having more than 650,000 square feet of floor area.

6. (6) A mixed-use project that includes one or more of the projects specified in this subdivision.

7. (7) A project that would demand an amount of water equivalent to, or greater than, the amount of water required by a 500-dwelling unit project. (DWR, 2003; CA Legislative Info, n.d.)
California Water Code § 10610 et seq. (SB 901)
Signed into law on October 16, 1995, SB 901 required every urban water supplier to identify as part of its urban water management plan, the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier over a prescribed 5-year period. The code requires the water service purveyor to assess the projected water demand associated with a proposed project under environmental review. Later provisions of SB 901 required compliance in the event that the proposed Project involved the adoption of a specific plan, amendment to, or revision of the land use element of a general plan or specific plan that would result in a net increase in the state population density.

Upon completion of the water assessment, cities and counties may agree or disagree with the conclusions of the water service purveyors, but cannot approve projects in the face of documented water shortfalls without first making certain findings. (CA Legislative Info, n.d.) Executive Order (EO) B-29-15 ordered the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) to impose restrictions to achieve a 25-percent reduction in potable urban water usage through February 28, 2016; directed the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to lead a statewide initiative, in partnership with local agencies, to collectively replace 50 million square feet of lawns and ornamental turf with drought tolerant landscapes; and directed the California Energy Commission to implement a statewide appliance rebate program to provide monetary incentives for the replacement of inefficient household devices. (SWRCB, 2020)

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Executive Order B-37-16
Signed on May 9, 2016, EO B-37-16 established a new water use efficiency framework for California. The order bolstered the state’s drought resilience and preparedness by establishing longer-term water conservation measures that include permanent monthly water use reporting, new urban water use targets, reducing system leaks and eliminating clearly wasteful practices, strengthening urban drought contingency plans, and improving agricultural water management and drought plans. (SWRCB, 2020)
Executive Order B-40-17
Signed on April 7, 2017, EO B-40-17 ended the drought state of emergency in all California counties except Fresno, Kings, Tulare, and Tuolumne, where emergency drinking water projects will continue to help address diminished groundwater supplies. It maintains water reporting requirements and prohibitions on wasteful practices. The order was built on actions taken in Executive Order B-37-16, which remains in effect. In a related action, state agencies, including the DWR, released a plan to continue making water conservation a way of life. (SWRCB, 2020)
Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA)
The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) established a new structure for managing California’s groundwater resources at a local level by local agencies. SGMA required, by June 30, 2017, the formation of locally-controlled groundwater sustainability agencies (GSAs) in the State’s high- and medium- priority groundwater basins and subbasins (basins). A GSA is responsible for developing and implementing a groundwater sustainability plan (GSP) to meet the sustainability goal of the basin to ensure that it is operated within its sustainable yield, without causing undesirable results. The GSP Emergency Regulations for evaluating GSPs, the implementation of GSPs, and coordination agreements were adopted by DWR and approved by the California Water Commission on May 18, 2016. (DWR, n.d.) SB 610
SB 610, codified in CWC §§ 10910-10915, specifies the requirements for water supply assessments (WSAs) and their role in the CEQA process, and defines the role UWMPs play in the WSA process. SB 610 requires that, for projects subject to CEQA that meet specific size criteria, the water supplier prepare WSAs that determine whether the water supplier has sufficient water resources to serve the projected water demands associated with the projects.

SB 610 provides specific guidance regarding how future supplies are to be calculated in the WSAs where an applicable UWMP has been prepared. Specifically, a WSA must identify existing water supply entitlements, water rights, or water service contracts held by the public water system, and prior years’ actual water deliveries received by the public water system. In addition, the WSA must address water supplies over a 20-year period and consider normal,

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single-dry, and multiple-dry year conditions. In accordance with SB 610, projects for which a WSA must be prepared are those subject to CEQA that meet any of the following criteria:
• Residential developments of more than 500 dwelling units; • Shopping centers or business establishments employing more than 1,000 persons or having more than 500,000 square feet of floor space;
• Commercial office buildings employing more than 1,000 persons or having more than 250,000 square feet of floor space;
• Hotels, motels, or both, having more than 500 rooms;
• Industrial, manufacturing, or processing plants, or industrial parks planned to house more than 1,000 persons, occupying more than 40 acres of land, or having more than 650,000 square feet of floor area
• Mixed-use projects that include one or more of the projects specified in this subdivision; or
• Projects that would demand an amount of water equivalent to or greater than the amount of water
required by a 500-dwelling-unit project. (CWC § 912, CEQA Guidelines § 15155(a).

The WSA must be approved by the public water supplier serving the project at a regular or special meeting and must be incorporated into the CEQA document. The lead agency must then make certain findings related to water supply based on the WSA.

In addition, under SB 610, a water supplier responsible for the preparation and periodic updating of an UWMP must describe the water supply projects and programs that may be undertaken to meet the total project water use of the service area. If groundwater is identified as a source of water available to the supplier, the following additional information must be included in the UWMP: (1) a groundwater management plan; (2) a description of the groundwater basin(s) to be used and the water use adjudication rights, if any; (3) a description and analysis of groundwater use in the past 5 years; and (4) a discussion of the sufficiency of the groundwater that is projected to be pumped by the supplier. (OPR, 2017c, p. 69 ) SB 606
SB 606 would require an urban retail water supplier to calculate an urban water use objective no later than November 1, 2023, and by November 1 every year thereafter, and its actual urban water use by those same dates. The bill would require an urban retail water supplier to submit a report to the department for these purposes by those dates. SB 606 would authorize the board to issue information orders, written notices, and conservation orders to an urban retail water supplier that does not meet its urban water use objective, as specified. The bill would authorize the board to waive these requirements for a period of up to 5 years, as specified. SB 606 would

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impose civil liability for a violation of an order or regulation issued pursuant to these provisions, as specified. The bill would also authorize the board to issue a regulation or informational order requiring a wholesale water supplier, urban retail water supplier, or distributor of a public water supply to provide a monthly report relating to water production, water use, or water conservation. (SWRCB, n.d.)
AB 1668
AB 1668 requires the SWRCB, in coordination with the Department of Water Resources, to adopt long-term standards for the efficient use of water, as provided, and performance measures for commercial, industrial, and institutional water use on or before June 30, 2022.

The bill, until January 1, 2025, establishes 55 gallons per capita daily as the standard for indoor residential water use. Beginning January 1, 2025, the bill establishes the greater of 52.5 gallons per capita daily or a standard recommended by the SWRCB and beginning January 1, 2030, the bill establishes the greater of 50 gallons per capita daily or a standard recommended by the SWRCB. AB 1668 imposes civil liability for a violation of an order or regulation issued pursuant to these provisions, as specified. (SWRCB, n.d.) California Plumbing Code
Title 24, Part 5 of the California Code of Regulations establishes the California Plumbing Code. The California Plumbing Code sets forth efficiency standards (i.e., maximum flow rates) for all new federally-regulated plumbing fittings and fixtures, including showerheads and lavatory faucets. The 2022 California Plumbing Code, which is based on the 2021 Uniform Plumbing Code, was published by the California Building Standards Commission on July 1, 2022 and will go into effect on January 1, 2023. (CBSC, 2022) California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 20 and 24
Title 20 includes state and federal minimum efficiency requirements for energy and water use in regulated appliances. These appliances include, but are not limited to, water heaters, furnaces, heat pumps, air conditioners, refrigerators, pumps, lamps and ballasts, computers, spray sprinkler bodies and showerheads. Manufacturers are responsible for certifying regulated appliances to the California Energy Commission’s Modernized Appliance Efficiency Database System. This serves as the manufacturer’s claim that it has met all applicable requirements, including testing, and marking products. (CCR, n.d.)
Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations is a broad set of requirements for energy conservation, green design, construction and maintenance, fire and life safety, and accessibility that apply to the structural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems in a building. Title 24 was published by the California Building Standards Commission and applies to all buildings in California. Title 24 receives updates every three years with the latest revisions being in 2019.

Title 24 energy compliance requirements apply to new construction and any new installations

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or retrofits in existing buildings. Older buildings do not have to upgrade their systems, but if they choose to renovate, their new systems must meet Title 24 standards. (CBCS, 2022) California Water Plan
The California Water Plan is the State's strategic plan for sustainably managing and developing water resources for current and future generations. Required by CWC § 10005(a), it presents the status and trends of California’s water-dependent natural resources; water supplies; and agricultural, urban, and environmental water demands for a range of plausible future scenarios.

The plan is updated every five years; provides a way for various groups to collaborate on findings and recommendations and make informed decisions regarding California’s water future; can't mandate actions or authorize spending for specific actions; doesn't make projector site-specific recommendations nor include environmental review or documentation as would be required by CEQA; and requires policy- and law-makers to take definitive steps to authorize the specific actions proposed in the plan and appropriate funding needed for their implementation.

California Water Plan Update 2018 (Update 2018) provides recommended actions, funding scenarios, and an investment strategy to bolster efforts by water and resource managers, planners, and decision-makers to overcome California’s most pressing water resource challenges. It reaffirms State government’s unique role and commitment to sustainable, equitable, long-term water resource management; it also introduces implementation tools to inform sound decision-making. The plan’s broad and diverse portfolio of recommended actions address California’s critical, systemic, and institutional challenges. (DWR, 2018) California Water Action Plan
The California Water Action Plan is a roadmap for the State’s journey towards sustainable water management. The first California Water Action Plan was released in January 2014 under Governor Brown’s administration and updated in 2016. The California Water Action Plan discusses the challenges to water in California: uncertain water supplies, water scarcity/drought, declining groundwater supplies, poor water quality, declining native fish species and loss of wildlife habitat, floods, supply disruptions, and population growth and climate change further increasing the severity of these risks. (CDFW, n.d.) California Solid Waste Integrated Waste Management Act (AB 939, 1989) The Integrated Waste Management Act (IWMA) established an integrated waste management hierarchy to guide the California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB) and local agencies in implementation, in order of priority: (1) source reduction, (2) recycling and composting, and (3) environmentally safe transformation and land disposal (it should be noted that the CIWMB no longer exists, and its duties have been assumed by CalRecycle. The CIWMB was given a purpose to mandate the reduction of disposed waste. The IWMA also required, among other items, each county to prepare, adopt, and submit to the Board an

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Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) and each city or county plan to include an implementation schedule which shows diversion of 50 percent of all solid waste by January 1, 2000 through source reduction, recycling, and composting activities. (CalRecycle) Waste Reuse and Recycling Act (AB 1327)
The Waste Reuse and Recycling Act (WRRA) required the CIWMB to approve a model ordinance for adoption by any local government for the transfer, receipt, storage, and loading of recyclable materials in development projects by March 1, 1993. The WRRA also required local agencies to adopt a local ordinance by September 1, 1993 or allow the model ordinance to take effect. The WRRA requires all development projects that are commercial, industrial, institutional, or marina in nature and where solid waste is collected and loaded, to provide an adequate area for collecting and loading recyclable materials over the lifetime of the project.

The area is required to be provided before building permits are issued. (CalRecycle) Mandatory Commercial Recycling Program (Assembly Bill 341) Assembly Bill (AB) 341 (Chapter 476, Statutes of 2011 [Chesbro, AB 341]) directed CalRecycle to develop and adopt regulations for mandatory commercial recycling. CalRecycle initiated formal rulemaking with a 45-day comment period beginning Oct. 28, 2011. The final regulation was approved by the Office of Administrative Law on May 7, 2012. AB-341 was designed to help meet California’s recycling goal of 75% by the year 2020. AB 341 requires all commercial businesses and public entities that generate 4 cubic yards or more of waste per week to have a recycling program in place. In addition, multi-family apartments with five or more units are also required to form a recycling program. (CalRecycle, n.d.) California Green Building Standards Code (CAL Green; Part 11 of Title 24, California Code of Regulations)
The current edition of CALGreen became effective on January 1, 2023. CALGreen is applicable to the planning, design, operation, construction, use, and occupancy of every newly constructed building or structure throughout the State of California (including residential structures and elementary schools). The purpose of the CALGreen Code is to “improve public health, safety and general welfare by enhancing the design and construction of buildings through the use of building concepts having a positive environmental impact and encouraging sustainable construction practices in the following categories: (1) Planning and design; (2) Energy efficiency; (3) Water efficiency and conservation; (4) Material conservation and resource efficiency; and (5) Environmental air quality.” The CALGreen Code is not intended to substitute or be identified as meeting the certification requirements of any green building program that is not established and adopted by the California Building Standards Commission (CBSC). § 5.408.3 of the CALGreen Code requires that 100 percent of trees, stumps, rocks, and associated vegetation and soils resulting from land clearing shall be reused or recycled.

For a phased project, such material may be stockpiled on-site until the storage site is developed.

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Unless otherwise noted in the regulation, all newly constructed buildings in California are subject of the requirements of the CALGreen Code (CBSC, 2022).

SB 1374
Signed in 2002, the Construction and Demolition Waste Materials Diversion Requirements (SB 1374) were codified in Public Resources Code Section 42919. SB 1374 requires that jurisdictions include in their annual AB 939 report a summary of the progress made in diverting construction and demolition waste. The legislation also required that CalRecycle adopt a model ordinance for diverting 50 to 75 percent of all construction and demolition waste from landfills.

The model ordinance was adopted by CalRecycle on March 16, 2004. (CA Legislative Info, n.d.)
AB 1826
AB 1826 requires jurisdictions to implement an organic waste recycling program for businesses, including outreach, education, and monitoring of affected businesses. Additionally, each jurisdiction is to identify a multitude of information, including barriers to siting organic waste recycling facilities, as well as closed or abandoned sites that might be available for new organic waste recycling facilities. AB 1826 defines “organic waste” as food waste, green waste, landscape and pruning waste, non-hazardous wood waste, and food-soiled paper waste that is mixed in with food waste. It also defines a “business” as a commercial or public entity, including, but not limited to, a firm, partnership, proprietorship, joint stock company, corporation, or association that is organized as a for-profit or nonprofit entity, or a multifamily residential dwelling consisting of five or more units. As of January 1, 2017, businesses that generate 4 cubic yards or more of organic waste per week are subject to this requirement.

Commencing January 1, 2019, businesses that generate 4 cubic yards or more of commercial solid waste per week also are required to arrange for organic waste recycling services.

CalRecycle may reduce this triggering threshold for organics recycling to 2 cubic yards or more of commercial solid waste per week as of January 1, 2020. (CA Legislative Info, n.d.) Zero Waste California
Zero Waste California is a state program launched by CalRecycle in 2002 to promote a new vision for the management of solid waste by maximizing existing recycling and reuse efforts, while ensuring that products are designed for the environment and have the potential to be repaired, reused, or recycled. The Zero Waste California program promotes the goals of market development, recycled product procurement, and research and development of new and sustainable technologies. (CalRecycle, n.d.)
California Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings (24 CA. Code Regs. 6)

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The Building Energy Efficiency Standards were first adopted in 1976 and have been updated periodically since then as directed by statute. In 1975 the Department of Housing and Community Development adopted rudimentary energy conservation standards under their State Housing Law authority that were a precursor to the first generation of the Standards.

However, the Warren-Alquist Act was passed one year earlier with explicit direction to the Energy Commission (formally titled the State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission) to adopt and implement the Standards. The Energy Commission’s statute created separate authority and specific direction regarding what the Standards are to address, what criteria are to be met in developing the Standards, and what implementation tools, aids, and technical assistance are to be provided. (CBSC, 2022) The Standards contain energy and water efficiency requirements (and indoor air quality requirements) for newly constructed buildings, additions to existing buildings, and alterations to existing buildings. Public Resources Code (PRC) §§ 25402 subdivisions (a)-(b) and 25402.1 emphasize the importance of building design and construction flexibility by requiring the Energy Commission to establish performance standards, in the form of an “energy budget” in terms of the energy consumption per square foot of floor space. For this reason, the Standards include both a prescriptive option, allowing builders to comply by using methods known to be efficient, and a performance option, allowing builders complete freedom in their designs provided the building achieves the same overall efficiency as an equivalent building using the prescriptive option. Reference Appendices are adopted along with the Standards that contain data and other information that helps builders comply with the Standards. (CBSC, 2022) The 2022 update to the Building Energy Efficiency Standards focuses on several key areas to improve the energy efficiency of newly constructed buildings and additions and alterations to existing buildings. The most significant efficiency improvements to the residential Standards include the introduction of photovoltaic into the prescriptive package, improvements for attics, walls, water heating, and lighting. The most significant efficiency improvements to the nonresidential Standards include alignment with the ASHRAE 90.1 2017 national standards.

The 2022 Standards also include changes made throughout all of its sections to improve the clarity, consistency, and readability of the regulatory language. (CBSC, 2022) PRC § 25402.1 also requires the Energy Commission to support the performance standards with compliance tools for builders and building designers. The Alternative Calculation Method (ACM) Approval Manual adopted by regulation as an appendix of the Standards establishes requirements for input, output, and calculational uniformity in the computer programs used to demonstrate compliance with the Standards. From this, the Energy Commission develops and makes publicly available free, public domain building modeling software in order to enable compliance based on modeling of building efficiency and performance. The ACM Approval Manual also includes provisions for private firms seeking to develop compliance software for

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approval by the Energy Commission, which further encourages flexibility and innovation. (CBSC, 2022)
California Solar Rights and Solar Shade Control Acts
The Solar Rights Act sets parameters for establishing solar easements, prohibits ordinances and private covenants which restrict solar systems, and requires communities to consider passive solar and natural heating and cooling opportunities in new construction. This Act is applicable to all California cities and counties. California’s solar access laws appear in the state’s Civil, Government, Health and Safety, and PRCs. California PRC § 25980 sets forth the Solar Shade Control Act, which encourages the use of trees and other natural shading except in cases where the shading may interfere with the use of active and passive solar systems. (EPIC, 2014; EPIC, 2010)
Alternative Fuels Plan
On September 24, 2009, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) adopted amendments to the “Pavley” regulations that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in new passenger vehicles from 2009 through 2016. These amendments are part of California’s commitment toward a nation-wide program to reduce new passenger vehicle GHGs from 2012 through 2016. CARB’s September amendments will cement California’s enforcement of the Pavley rule starting in 2009 while providing vehicle manufacturers with new compliance flexibility.

The amendments will also prepare California to harmonize its rules with the federal rules for passenger vehicles. (CARB, n.d.)
The U.S. EPA granted California the authority to implement GHG emission reduction standards for new passenger cars, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles On June 30, 2009.

The first California request to implement GHG standards for passenger vehicles, known as a waiver request, was made in December 2005, and was denied by the U.S. EPA in March 2008.

That decision was based on a finding that California’s request to reduce GHG emissions from passenger vehicles did not meet the Clean Air Act requirement of showing that the waiver was needed to meet “compelling and extraordinary conditions.” (CARB, n.d.) The ARB’s Board originally approved regulations to reduce GHGs from passenger vehicles in September 2004, with the regulations to take effect in 2009. These regulations were authorized by the 2002 legislation AB 1493 (Pavley). (CARB, n.d.)
The regulations had been threatened by automaker lawsuits and were stalled by the U.S. EPA’s delay in reviewing and then initially denying California’s waiver request. The parties involved entered a May 19, 2009, agreement to resolve these issues. With the granting of the waiver on June 30, 2009, it is expected that the Pavley regulations will reduce GHG emissions from California passenger vehicles by about 22 percent in 2012 and about 30 percent in 2016, all while improving fuel efficiency and reducing motorists’ costs. (CARB, n.d.)

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The CARB has adopted a new approach to passenger vehicles – cars and light trucks – by combining the control of smog-causing pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions into a single coordinated package of standards. The new approach also includes efforts to support and accelerate the numbers of plug-in hybrids and zero-emission vehicles in California. (CARB, n.d.)
California Independent System Operator (ISO)
The California ISO is an independent public benefit corporation responsible for operating California’s long- distance electric transmission lines. The California ISO is led by a fivemember board appointment by the Governor and is also regulated by FERC. While transmission owners and private electric utilities own their lines, the California ISO operates the transmission system independently to ensure that electricity flows comply with federal operational standards. The California ISO analyzes current and future electrical demand and plans for any needed expansion or upgrade of the electric transmission system. (California ISO, n.d.)
California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC)
The CPUC establishes policies and rules for electricity and natural gas rates provided by private utilities in California such as Southern California Edison (SCE) and Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas). Public owned utilities such as the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) do not fall under the CPUCs jurisdiction. The Digital Infrastructure and Video Competition Act of 2006 (DIVCA) established the CPUC as the sole cable/video TV franchising authority in the State of California. DIVCA took effect January 1, 2007.

The CPUC is overseen by five commissioners appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the state Senate. The CPUC’s responsibilities include regulating electric power procurement and generation, infrastructure oversight for electric transmission lines and natural gas pipelines and permitting of electrical transmission and substation facilities. (CPUC, n.d.) California Energy Commission (CEC)
The CEC is a planning agency which provides guidance on setting the state’s energy policy.

Responsibilities include forecasting electricity and natural gas demand, promoting and setting energy efficiency standards throughout the state, developing renewable energy resources and permitting thermal power plants 50 megawatts and larger. The CEC also has regulatory specific regulatory authority over publicly owned utilities to certify, monitor and verify eligible renewable energy resources procured. (CEC, n.d.)
SB 1389
SB 1389 (PRC §§ 25300–25323), adopted in 2002, requires the development of an integrated plan for electricity, natural gas, and transportation fuels. Under the bill, the CEC must adopt