Exhibit 5 - Planning and Housing Commission Staff Report.pdf — Corona City Council, February 5, 2025 (part 2 of 3)

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• Water meters. Separate submeters or metering devices shall be installed for new buildings or additions in excess of 50,000 sf or for excess consumption where any tenant within a new building or within an addition that is project to consume more than 1,000 gallons per day (GPD) (5.303.1.1 and 5.303.1.2).
• Outdoor water uses in rehabilitated landscape projects equal or greater than 2,500 sf.

Rehabilitated landscape projects with an aggregate landscape area equal to or greater than 2,500 sf requiring a building or landscape permit (5.304.3). Commissioning. For new buildings 10,000 sf and over, building commissioning shall be included in the design and construction processes of the building project to verify that the building systems and components meet the owner’s or owner representative’s project requirements (5.410.2)
AB 1493 Pavley Regulations And Fuel Efficiency Standards California AB 1493, enacted on July 22, 2002, required CARB to develop and adopt regulations that reduce GHGs emitted by passenger vehicles and light duty trucks. Under this legislation, CARB adopted regulations to reduce GHG emissions from non-commercial passenger vehicles (cars and light-duty trucks). Although aimed at reducing GHG emissions, specifically, a co-benefit of the Pavley standards is an improvement in fuel efficiency and consequently a reduction in fuel consumption.

California’s Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)
First established in 2002 under Senate Bill (SB) 1078, California’s Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) requires retail sellers of electric services to increase procurement from eligible renewable resources to 33% of total retail sales by 2020.

Clean Energy And Pollution Reduction Act Of 2015 (SB 350) In October 2015, the legislature approved, and the Governor signed SB 350, which reaffirms California’s commitment to reducing its GHG emissions and addressing climate change. Key provisions include an increase in the renewables portfolio standard (RPS), higher energy efficiency requirements for buildings, initial strategies towards a regional electricity grid, and improved infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations. Specifically, SB 350 requires the following to reduce statewide GHG emissions:
• Increase the amount of electricity procured from renewable energy sources from 33% to 50% by 2030, with interim targets of 40% by 2024, and 25% by 2027. • Double the energy efficiency in existing buildings by 2030. This target will be achieved through the California Public Utility Commission (CPUC), the California Energy Commission (CEC), and local publicly owned utilities.

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• Reorganize the Independent System Operator (ISO) to develop more regional electrify transmission markets and to improve accessibility in these markets, which will facilitate the growth of renewable energy markets in the western United States (California Leginfo 2015).
100 Percent Clean Energy Act Of 2018 (SB 100)
In September 2018, the legislature approved, and the Governor signed SB 100, which builds on the targets established in SB 1078 and SB 350. Most notably, SB 100 sets a goal of powering all retail electricity sold in California with renewable and zero-carbon resources. Additionally, SB 100 updates the interim renewables target from 50% to 60% by 2030.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
There are no regional energy regulations that apply to the Modified Project.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona Climate Action Plan (CAP)
In June 2020, the City adopted the 2019 CAP Update, which includes an interim goal of reducing GHG emission to 49% below 2008 levels by the year 2030 and a longer-term GHG reduction goal of 66% below 2008 levels by 2040. The interim and longer-term goals put the City on a path toward the state’s long-term goal to reduce emissions 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. The 2019 CAP Update (establishes goals and policies that encourage energy efficiency, water conservation, alternative transportation, solid waste reduction, and clean energy.

To meet the established 2020 Reduction Target, the current CAP includes various reduction measures across several sectors that include transportation, energy, water, solid waste, and agriculture. The reduction measures encompass both state- and local-based measures.

Identified state-based measures related to energy include compliance with the Building Energy Efficiency Standards and CALGreen and utilities meeting the RPS. The 2012 CAP also includes energy-related local-based measures, which are measures the City can implement that are beyond statewide measures.

The Modified Project shall implement Screening Table Measures providing for a minimum of 100 points per the City’s CAP Screening Tables. The Project would be consistent with the CAP’s requirement to achieve at least 100 points for both the residential and non-residential portions of the Project and thus the Project is considered to have a less than significant individual and cumulatively considerable impact on GHG emissions. The City shall verify incorporation of the identified Screening Table Measures within the Project building plans and site designs prior to the issuance of building permit(s) and/or site plans (as applicable). Projects

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that achieve a total of 100 points or more are considered to have a less than significant individual and cumulative impact on GHG emissions.

City of Corona 2020–2040 General Plan
Circulation Element
Policy CE-1.4 Design and employ traffic control measures to ensure City streets and roads function with safety and efficiency.

Policy CE-1.7 Limit driveway and local street access on arterial streets to maintain a desired quality of traffic flow. Wherever possible, consolidate driveways and implement access controls during redevelopment of adjacent parcels.

Policy CE-3.1 Implement and maintain traffic signal coordination and advanced traffic management strategies throughout the City to the maximum extent practicable and integrate signal systems with adjacent jurisdictions and Caltrans.

Policy CE-3.2 Implement, maintain, and enforce the traffic demand and system management recommendations in the South Coast Air Quality Management District’s Air Quality Management Plan and in the Riverside County Congestion Management Program.

Policy CE-3.3 Encourage employers to reduce vehicular trips by offering to employees commute trip reduction programs, such as transit fare subsidies, alternative work schedules and telecommuting, employer-sponsored van pools or shuttles, ride share programs, and bike share.

Policy CE-4.1 Maintain local fixed-route and demand-responsive transit service to ensure mobility within Corona and to ensure that users have adequate access to public facilities, services, and employment options.

Policy CE-4.2 Work with the Riverside Transit Agency to identify needs for additional bus services and enhancements to existing services.

Policy CE-4.3 Encourage the development of additional regional public transportation services and facilities, including park-and-ride near the SR-91 and I-15 freeways and mobility hubs at key transit stations.

Policy CE-4.4 Ensure public transit opportunities (e.g., fixed-route buses, paratransit) for elderly and disabled persons and accessibility of such services by elderly and disabled persons.

Policy CE-4.5 Encourage employers to reduce single-occupant vehicular trips by providing employee incentives (e.g., reduced rate transit passes).

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Policy CE-4.6 Require new development to provide transit facilities, such as bus shelters and turnouts, where deemed necessary, to encourage the use of transit and other alternative forms of transportation.

Policy CE-4.7 Preserve options for expanding future transit use when designing improvements for roadways or redeveloping major developments and including areas for transit facilities.

Policy CE-4.8 Encourage access to and the expansion of regional rail transportation facilities and services at the Metrolink stations to increase ridership.

Policy CE-4.9 Encourage the development of bus rapid transit systems along major transportation corridors where feasible.

Policy CE-4.10 Improve first/last mile connections to improve transit use and accessibility. Explore use of transportation network companies, micro-transit, and other emerging technologies to strengthen the transit system.

Policy CE-5.1 Provide for safety of bicyclists, equestrians, and pedestrians by adhering to national standards and uniform practices; adhere to accessibility requirements for people with disabilities.

Policy CE-5.2 Maintain existing pedestrian facilities and encourage new development to provide walkways between and through developments.

Policy CE-5.3 Provide for safe accessibility to and use of pedestrian facilities by people with disabilities to implement accessibility requirements under the American with Disabilities Act.

Policy CE-5.4 Develop bicycle routes in accordance with the City’s adopted Bicycle Master Plan and implement other elements of that plan.

Policy CE-5.5 Develop and maintain a bikeway system that provides connections to routes of neighboring jurisdictions and regional bikeways.

Policy CE-5.6 Encourage new and existing development to provide accessible and secure areas for bicycle storage. Provide bicycle racks or storage facilities at public facilities and require bicycle parking, storage, and other support facilities as part of new office and retail developments.

Policy CE-5.7 Use easements and/or rights-or-way along flood control channels, public utilities, railroads, and streets wherever possible for bikeways and equestrian and hiking trails.

Policy CE-5.8 Improve bicycling and pedestrian safety by minimizing conflict points (e.g., bicycle and vehicle crossings) with motorized traffic, separating bike routes and truck

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routes where possible, or adding and improving existing facilities with buffers/barriers to separate bikes from vehicle lanes.

Policy CE-5.9 Coordinate with the Riverside County General Plan and the Santa Ana River Trails Plan to create an uninterrupted Class I bicycle route through Corona that connects to the Santa Ana River Trail in surrounding cities.

Policy CE-5.10 Encourage and support safe bicycle riding on City streets. Provide bicycle safety and education programs through public outreach. Support future bikeway designs that minimize bicycle conflicts with vehicles, separate bikeways from vehicles where possible, and lower bicycle level of stress.

Policy CE-6.1 Provide primary truck routes on selected arterial streets that will serve the business community while minimizing the impacts of through truck traffic into residential areas.

Policy CE-7.3 Encourage employers to include strategic parking provisions in new developments, where feasible, to encourage the use of transit and other modes of travel rather than single-occupancy autos.

Land Use Element
Policy LU-1.2 Emphasize the development of uses that sustain Corona as a cohesive, distinct, and self- sustaining community and minimize the need for residents to travel to surrounding communities for retail goods, services, and employment.

Policy LU-6.1 Promote sustainable features in new construction and significant renovations, including the use of locally sourced, recycled, and sustainable-sourced building materials, energy- and water-efficient building design, integrated renewable energy and energy storage systems, and waste minimization during construction.

Policy LU-6.2 Require that new residential, commercial, office, and industrial development be designed to minimize consumption of and sustain scarce environmental resources through:
• Site Design – concentration and intermixing of development to minimize vehicular trips and promote walking and building orientation for solar access and heat gain and loss.
• Landscaping – drought tolerant species, use of recycled water for irrigation, and other purposes.
• Capture of rainwater and re-use on site.
• Building design and construction materials-energy and water efficient fixtures, recycled building materials, insulation and wall thickness, permeable paving surfaces and comparable techniques.

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Policy LU-10.6 Establish a multi-use trail system that connects the rural and estate neighborhoods adjoining open spaces and parklands. These may be developed for pedestrians, bicycles, and/or for horseback riding where allowed by zoning.

Policy LU-11.6 Require that transit-supporting facilities, such as bus turnouts, passenger drop-offs, and shelters, be incorporated in new commercial centers or when subject to major renovation and improvement, where appropriate to support local, citywide, and regional transit systems. The location and type of facility should be coordinated with transit agencies.

Policy LU-12.7 Regulate the development of industrial uses (consistent with local regulation and state law) that use, store, produce, or transport toxic and hazardous materials; generate unacceptable levels of air or noise pollution; or result in other adverse impacts.

Policy LU-13.2 Limit retail commercial and professional office uses within a mixedresidential- commercial/office use development to those uses that are compatible with residential uses.

Policy LU-13.3 Require that adequate open space and, for larger projects, recreational facilities be incorporated into mixed-use development projects to meet the need of their residents and improve overall aesthetics.

Housing Element (2021-2029)
Policy H-1.4 Support the development of sustainable projects that reduce demand for water and energy resources, reduce commute times and operational costs, and provide for transitoriented development.

Environment Resources Element
Policy ER-12.4 Continue to expand the City-owned fleet of vehicles to alternative fuels, such as methanol or other clean-burning energy sources, as technology becomes feasible and cost-effective.

Policy ER-12.14 Reduce energy consumed by commercial and residential uses by requiring the use and installation of energy conservation features in all new construction projects and wherever feasible, retrofitting existing and redevelopment projects.

Policy ER-13.1 Maintain and periodically update a comprehensive Climate Action Plan that detail the City’s strategies to reduce GHG emissions and to ensure ongoing and sustained reduction of GHG emissions from all sectors to meet 2020, 2030, and 2040 reduction targets.

Policy ER-13.2 Encourage the maximum feasible energy efficiency in site design, building orientation, landscaping, and utilities/infrastructure for all development and redevelopment projects (residential, commercial, industrial, and public agency) to support GHG emissions reductions.

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Policy ER-13.3 Evaluate opportunities to reduce energy use and the urban heat island effect through site and building design, materials and landscaping, such as reflective roofs or pavement, vegetated roofs, pervious pavement, shade trees, and re-vegetation of paved areas.

Policy ER-13.4 Support the increase of clean energy supply to existing and new development and municipal facilities through means to include, but not be limited to: onsite or other local renewable energy sources for new and existing buildings and infrastructure.

Infrastructure and Utilities Element
Policy IU-2.1 Continue to implement the City’s water conservation and reuse efforts; review these programs regularly, and modify them as appropriate and feasible.

Policy IU-2.2 Establish guidelines and standards for water conservation and actively promote use of water conserving devices and practices in new construction, major alterations and additions to existing buildings, and retrofitting of irrigation systems where feasible.

Policy IU-2.3 Require incorporation of best available technologies for water conservation, internally and externally, in new construction and associated site design.

Policy IU-2.4 Expand the recycled water program to provide water for landscaped medians and other appropriate open spaces along SR-91 and I-15, in coordination with Caltrans when feasible.

Policy IU-2.5 Require that sewer flows be minimized in existing and future developments through water conservation and recycling efforts.

Policy IU-2.6 Encourage the use of recycled water by industrial, commercial, and institutional users through the use of incentives such as differential pricing; require recycled water use for landscaped irrigation, grading, and other noncontact uses in new projects, where feasible.

Policy IU-2.7 Require the use of recycled water for landscaped irrigation, grading, and other noncontact uses in new developments, parks, golf courses, sports fields, and comparable uses, where feasible.

Policy IU-2.8 Continue to provide and support public educational efforts to residents, business, and students regarding the importance of water conservation and recycled water use.

Policy IU-2.9 Require that grading plans be designed and implemented to reduce stormwater runoff by capturing rainwater onsite and storing on a temporary, short-term basis to facilitate groundwater recharge rather than relying solely on community drainage facilities.

Policy IU-2.10 Require the use of rainwater capture and storage facilities, techniques, and improvements in residential and nonresidential developments to further objectives for water conservation.

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Policy IU-7.1 Require that new development is approved contingent upon its ability to be served with adequate natural gas, energy facilities, and other critical infrastructure.

Policy IU-7.2 Coordinate with energy providers and the City Department of Power and Water to ensure that adequate services and facilities will meet SB 100 guidelines and the demand of existing and future developments, and be compatible with adjacent uses in Corona.

Policy IU-7.5 Continue to require and regulate the undergrounding of electrical poles and wires in accordance with the Corona Municipal Code.

Policy IU-7.6 Continue to expand the supply of rooftop solar energy systems at public facilities and improve energy efficiency in City operations and capital improvements.

Policy IU-7.7 Encourage the reduction of energy consumption through passive solar building orientation as well as the installation of rooftop solar energy systems and energyefficient technologies.

Policy IU-7.8 Continue to inform the community of rebates and other supportive programs for energy efficient building improvements, appliances, and alternative energy systems.

4.6.5 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.6.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant impacts related to energy would occur if the proposed Project or any Project-related component would:

Threshold EN-1 Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation?
Threshold EN-2 Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency?
With regard to Threshold EN-1, this analysis relies upon Appendix F of the State CEQA Guidelines. Appendix F of the State CEQA Guidelines was prepared in response to the requirement in PRC Section 21100(b)(3), which states that an EIR shall include a detailed statement setting forth “mitigation measures proposed to minimize significant effects of the environment, including, but not limited to, measures to reduce the wasteful, inefficient, and unnecessary consumption of energy.” In addition, Appendix F of the State CEQA Guidelines states that the means of achieving the goal of energy conservation includes the following:

1. Decreasing overall per capita energy consumption,

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2. Decreasing reliance on fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil, and

3. Increasing reliance on renewable energy sources.

METHODOLOGY
The analysis of electricity/natural gas usage is based on the CalEEMod Version 2022.1 modeling conducted by Urban Crossroads (June 2024) which quantifies energy use for the Modified Project operations. This energy study utilizes the different fuel types for each vehicle class from the annual EMFAC2021 emission inventory in order to derive the average vehicle fuel economy which is then used to determine the estimated annual fuel consumption associated with vehicle usage during Project construction and operational activities. For purposes of analysis, the 2024, 2025 and 2026 analysis years were utilized to determine the average vehicle fuel economy used throughout the duration of the Modified Project.

Information from the CalEEMod outputs for the Modified Project AQ Analysis was utilized in the Energy Analysis, detailing the Modified Project related construction equipment, transportation energy demands, and facility energy demands.

4.6.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

EN-1 Result in potentially
significant
environmental impact
due to wasteful,
inefficient, or
unnecessary
consumption of energy
resources, during
project construction or
operation?
EN-2 Conflict with or
obstruct a state or local
plan for renewable
energy or energy
efficiency?

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IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact EN-1: Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

Construction
Construction of the Modified Project would require energy for the manufacture and transportation of construction materials, preparation of the site for grading and building activities, and construction of the building. All or most of this energy would be derived from nonrenewable resources. Petroleum fuels (e.g., diesel and gasoline) would be the primary sources of energy for these activities.

Construction of the Modified Project is proposed to be developed in three (3) phases. Phase 1 would include the construction of the 746,167 square-foot BPI Development within PAs 1, 2, and 3. Phase 2 would include Phase 1 plus the construction of PA 4 comprised of 19,600 square feet of GC uses. Project buildout Phase 3 would include Phases 1 and 2 plus the addition of 32 ER residential lots. Construction of PAs 1, 2, and 3 is expected to occur over 11 months, and construction of PAs 4 and 5 would occur over seven (7) months.

Based on estimations provided in the Energy Analysis prepared for the Modified Project, the estimated total electricity usage during construction, after full Project build-out, was calculated to be approximately 549,793 kWh. In addition, construction-related vehicle trips would result in approximately 1.28 million VMT and consume an estimated 271,647 gallons of gasoline and diesel combined. The construction-related equipment would not be powered by natural gas and no natural gas demand is anticipated during construction, therefore would not involve the consumption of natural gas.

Construction equipment use of fuel would not be atypical for the type of construction proposed because there are no aspects of the Project’s proposed construction process that are unusual or energy-intensive, and Project construction equipment would conform to the applicable CARB emissions standards, acting to promote equipment fuel efficiencies. In addition, CCR Title 13, Title 13, Motor Vehicles, section 2449(d)(3) Idling, limits idling times of construction vehicles to no more than 5 minutes, thereby precluding unnecessary and wasteful consumption of fuel due to unproductive idling of construction equipment. BACMs inform construction equipment operators of this requirement. Enforcement of idling limitations is realized through periodic site inspections conducted by City building officials, and/or in response to citizen complaints.

Moreover, given the cost of fuel, contractors and owners have a strong financial incentive to avoid wasteful, inefficient, and unnecessary consumption of energy during construction.

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Although the temporary nature of construction and the financial incentives for owners and contractors to use energy-consuming resources in an efficient manner, the construction phase of the Modified Project would not result in wasteful, inefficient, and unnecessary consumption of energy. Therefore, the construction-related impacts related to electricity and fuel consumption would be less than significant and no mitigation is required.

Operation
Electricity and Natural Gas
Operation of the Modified Project would consume energy as part of building operations and transportation activities. Building operations would involve energy consumption for multiple purposes including, but not limited to, building heating and cooling, refrigeration, lighting, and electronics. Based on CalEEMod energy use estimations, operations for the Modified Project would result in approximately 15,108,857 kWh of electricity and 23,731,098 kBTU per year of natural gas annually.

Development of the Modified Project would be designed and constructed in accordance with the City’s latest adopted energy efficiency standards, which are based on the California Title 24 energy efficiency standards. Title 24 standards include a broad set of energy conservation requirements that apply to the structural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems in a building. For example, the Title 24 Lighting Power Density requirements define the maximum wattage of lighting that can be used in a building based on its square footage. Title 24 standards are widely regarded as the most advanced energy efficiency standards, would help reduce the amount of energy required for lighting, water heating, and heating and air conditioning in buildings and promote energy conservation. Therefore, operational impacts related to electricity and natural gas consumption would be less than significant requiring no mitigation.

Fuel
Operational gasoline and diesel energy would also be consumed during vehicle trips associated with the Modified Project. Fuel consumption would be primarily related to passenger vehicle use by residents, visitors, and employees as well truck trips to and from the BPI and commercial uses. Based on CalEEMod energy use estimations, project-related vehicle trips would result in approximately 28.78 million VMT and consume an estimated 1,522,736 gallons of gasoline and diesel combined, annually.

The Modified Project is partially surrounded by urban uses, and the availability of existing transportation facilities and infrastructure would provide future residents, visitors, and employees associated with the Modified Project good access to a mix of nearby land uses, further reducing fuel consumption demand. Additionally, the Modified Project would provide parking and EV infrastructure that would further promote fuel efficient vehicles. For these reasons, operational-related transportation fuel consumption would not result in a significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy

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resources. Therefore, the operational impact related to vehicle fuel consumption would be less than significant requiring no mitigation.

Construction Plus Operation
Overall, the Modified Project would not result in a wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary of energy resources during Project construction or operation. Impacts would be less than significant requiring no mitigation. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact EN-2: Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

Construction
As previously discussed in Impact EN-1, the Modified Project would result in energy consumption through the combustion of fossil fuels in construction vehicles, worker commute vehicles, and construction equipment, and the use of electricity for temporary buildings, lighting, and other sources. California Code of Regulations Title 13, Sections 2449 and 2485, limit idling from both on- road and off-road diesel-powered equipment and are enforced by the ARB. The Modified Project would comply with these regulations. There are no policies at the local level applicable to energy conservation specific to the construction phase. Thus, it is anticipated that construction of the Modified Project would not conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing energy use or increasing the use of renewable energy. Therefore, construction- related energy efficiency and renewable energy standards consistency impacts would be less than significant requiring no mitigation.

Operation
California’s Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) establishes a goal of renewable energy for local providers to be 44 percent by 2040. Similarly, the State is promoting renewable energy target to meet the 2022 Scoping Plan greenhouse gas emissions reductions. As previously discussed in Impact EN-1, the Modified Project would result in approximately 15,108,857 kWh of electricity and 23,731,098 kBTU/year of natural gas annually.

Future development projects would be designed and constructed in accordance with the City’s latest adopted energy efficiency standards, which are based on the California Title 24 energy efficiency standards. Title 24 standards include a broad set of energy conservation

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requirements that apply to the structural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems in a building. For example, the Title 24 Lighting Power Density requirements define the maximum wattage of lighting that can be used in a building based on its square footage. Title 24 standards are widely regarded as the most advanced energy efficiency standards, would help reduce the amount of energy required for lighting, water heating, and heating and air conditioning in buildings and promote energy conservation.

Compliance with the aforementioned mandatory measures would ensure that future development projects would not conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing energy use or increasing the use of renewable energy.

Therefore, operational energy efficiency and renewable energy standards consistency impacts would be less than significant requiring no mitigation.

Construction Plus Operation
Overall, the Modified Project would be consistent with applicable plans and policies and would not result in wasteful or inefficient use of nonrenewable energy sources. Impacts would be less than significant. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the or the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

4.6.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

Development of the proposed BPI Development would be required to comply and be consistent with obligatory energy efficiency requirements in the City’s General Plan and Development Code as well as all obligatory State-level energy programs and requirements. Similarly, as future development projects within PAs 4 and 5 of the GRRSP are received and reviewed by the City in subsequent years, those projects would also be reviewed for compliance consistency with the General Plan and Development Code and all relevant State-level energy programs and requirements. All development associated with the Modified Project would implement the most current version of Title 24 energy efficiency requirements, as required by State law.

Consistency with the General Plan, Development Code and other mandatory State-level programs would ensure that the Modified Project’s contributions to inefficient, wasteful or unnecessary energy use would be less than significant. Moreover, as identified above, implementation of the Modified Project would not be expected to cause an inefficient, wasteful, or unnecessary use of energy resources nor conflict with or obstruct a state or local

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plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency. As a result, the Modified Project’s incremental contribution to cumulative energy impacts would be less than cumulatively considerable requiring no mitigation.

4.6.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures related to energy were included in the 2001 EIR, although numerous measures were included as part of mitigation for Air Quality impacts.

4.6.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT No mitigation measures are required.

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4.7 GEOLOGY AND SOILS

4.7.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing geology, soils, seismicity, and paleontological resources within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential changes in impacts to geology and soils from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. No NOP comment letters, or Scoping Meeting comments were received pertaining to this topic.

This section of the Draft SEIR is based on the EIR-Level Geotechnical Study prepared by Petra Geosciences, Inc., dated August 12, 2020 (Appendix H-1), the Update of EIR-Level Geotechnical Study prepared by Petra Geosciences, Inc., dated January 31, 2024 (Appendix H-2), and the Paleontological Resource Record Search Update for the Green River Ranch III Project, prepared by Brian F. Smith and Associates, revised January 10, 2024 (Appendix H3).

4.7.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The Approved Project impact analysis related to geology and soils as presented in the 2001 EIR as well as any mitigation measures identified to reduce significant impacts are summarized as follows.

Geology and Soils
a) Exposes people or structures to major geologic hazards, including but not limited to: strong ground motion, faulting, ground rupture, slope instability, liquefaction, soil settlement and/or expansion, erosion, and/or seismic induced flooding.

The 2001 EIR evaluated the significance of geologic hazards as it relates to the development of the Approved Project. The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project site is not traversed by any identified faults, and potential impacts resulting for on-site ground rupture were determined to be less than significant. The 2001 EIR determined significant impact from expansion or settlement of on-site soils is expected to occur, and based on the results of laboratory testing, the Approved Project’s on-site surface and near surface soils exhibit very low expansion potential. The 2001 EIR concluded properly compacted-engineered fill would generally possess adequate strength and consolidation characteristics to support the Approved Project’s commercial structures without detrimental settlement. Due to relatively low existing groundwater depths, the 2001 EIR determined potential impacts associated with liquefaction to be less than significant.

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The 2001 EIR identified the nearest active fault to be the Elsinore Fault. The northern branch of the fault is located 300 feet south of the southern property line and the main branch approximately 2,200 feet to the south. The 2001 EIR acknowledged close proximity to the Elsinore Fault would create the potential for moderate to severe ground shaking from an earthquake generated along this fault. As such, the 2001 EIR determined with implementation of mitigation measure MM 4.10.1A, ground shaking hazards would be reduced to a less than significant level. MM 4.10.1A would require that all on-site structures be designed and constructed in accordance with the City’s existing seismic code. b) Permits development in areas of unsuitable geologic conditions.

The 2001 EIR determined the commercial and industrial portions of the Approved Project consist of alluvial materials considered unsuitable to support the anticipated structures resulting from development of the GRRSP. The 2001 EIR determined the specific recommendations and design standards contained in the Approved Project’s geotechnical report should be applied to all construction resulting from the GRRSP as stated in mitigation measures MM 4.10.2A through 4.10.2L. The 2001 EIR determined with implementation of mitigation measure, MM 4.10.2A through 4.10.2L, impacts associated with the unsuitable alluvium materials would be reduced to below a level of significance. c) Creates substantial erosion or otherwise diminishes soil as a natural resource.

The 2001 EIR evaluated the significance of erosion as it relates to alluvium slope raveling and slope instability. The 2001 EIR noted the southern portion of the industrial and commercial pad areas would located in cut areas and therefore older alluvial materials would be exposed at pad grade. The 2001 EIR concluded this creates the potential for alluvium slope raveling and slope instability. The 2001 EIR determined the specific recommendations and design standards contained in the Approved Project’s geotechnical report should be applied to all construction resulting from the GRRSP as stated in mitigation measures MM 4.10.3A through MM 4.10.3E. With implementation of MM 4.10.3A through MM 4.10.3E, , potential impacts related to slope stability would be reduced to less than significant. d) Alteration or destruction of any significant paleontological resource.

The 2001 EIR analyzed the Approved Project’s potential to impact paleontological resources and determined the Approved Project would produce indirect and direct adverse impacts to significant non-renewable paleontological resources as the parcel is developed or after construction has ceased. The 2001 EIR determined excavation and grading of the Approved Project would require mitigation to reduce the potential impact. The 2001 EIR identified Mitigation Measure MM 4.9.1A to be implemented to assure the protection of potential subsurface paleontological resources that may be unearthed during earth moving activities. MM

4.9.1.A requires the applicant to retain a qualified vertebrate paleontologist, approved by the City, to develop a Paleontological Resources Impact Mitigation Program (PRIMP). The

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PRIMP would be reviewed by the City of Corona Planning Department for consistency with the paleontology resource impact mitigation guidelines from both Riverside County and the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. The 2001 EIR determined impacts to paleontological resources would be reduced to a less than significant level with implementation of the Mitigation Measure MM 4.9.1A.

Cumulative Impacts
The 2001 EIR determined the potential impacts related to the geology and paleontological resources from development of the Approved Project site would be reduced to less than significant with mitigation incorporated. Impacts related to earthquakes and construction on alluvial material were identified, and appropriate mitigation provided. The 2001 EIR stated development of the Approved Project site would contribute to the alteration of the existing topography in the region and any new development within the region had the potential of exposing a greater population to regional and site-specific seismic hazards. The 2001 EIR noted seismic impacts could only be mitigated through appropriate site planning and building design, and adherence to identified mitigation measures would reduce potential seismic and soil erosion impacts to less than significant levels.

In addition, the 2001 EIR noted the cumulative impact area for paleontological resources are the Ladd and Paleocene Silverado formations, which are known to contain significant fossils.

The 2001 EIR determined future development within this area would result in potential loss of paleontological resources. To the extent that each development project implements appropriate mitigation during earth moving activities (as is the case for the Approved Project), cumulative impacts to paleontological resources were determined to be reduced to below a level of significance. The 2001 EIR acknowledged that pursuant to the provisions of CEQA, development project within the cumulative impact area that require a discretionary action by a public agency would be assessed for its impact on paleontological resources and it is reasonable to assume appropriate mitigation would be implemented.

Overall, the 2001 EIR determined implementation of the Approved Project would not contribute to cumulative impacts related to potential geologic and seismic hazards and paleontological resources with mitigation incorporated.

4.7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The Modified Project site is located along the northern flank of the Santa Ana Mountains in western Riverside County. The Santa Ana River Valley and Prado Dam are located to the north.

Rugged hillside terrain of the Santa Ana Mountains is located to the south. Tertiary through Cretaceous bedrock formations have been mapped in the Santa Ana Mountains in the Project vicinity. These formations include the upper Cretaceous Ladd Formations, the Paleocene Silverado Formation, and the Middle Eocene Santiago Formation. These formations are comprised of sedimentary rocks ranging in composition from sandstone to shale. Quaternary

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deposits on site and to the north include younger and older alluvium. The older alluvium was deposited from ancestral stream channels to the Santa Ana River. Younger alluvium has been deposited from the Santa Ana River and tributary canyons from the Santa Ana Mountains.

Topography
The GRRSP Planning Area consists of approximately 160.0 acres. Elevations range from 1,110 feet AMSL in the southwestern corner of the Modified Project site to 515 feet amsl in the northeastern corner of the property. Maximum relief of the site is 595 feet.

The southern portion of the Modified Project site is dominated by rugged hillside terrain of the Santa Ana Mountains. Northerly trending ridges with intervening northerly draining tributary canyons originate from the high terrain in the southern portion of the Modified Project site.

Natural slopes in this area range from 4:1 horizontal to vertical along the ridges to 1.5:1 horizontal to vertical on the descending slopes.

Site Geology
On-site geology is consistent with the regional geology. Bedrock underlying the southern portion of the Modified Project area is assigned to the Paleocene Silverado Formation while bedrock in the middle portion of the site has been assigned to the middle Eocene Santiago Formation. Older alluvium has been mapped on the northern slope flanks while young alluvium has been mapped along the stream channels and gently sloping areas further north.

The bedrock structure of the Modified Project area is dominated by east-west trending steeply southerly dipping overturned bedding in the south. The southern portion of the Project area is underlain by the Paleocene Silverado Formation comprised of brownish-yellow to greenishgray marine sandstone and coarse-grained micaceous feldspathic nonmarine continental sandstone and conglomerate. The south central portion of the Modified Project site is underlain by the middle Eocene Santiago formation comprised of white to brownish-yellow massive coarse-grained sandstone and conglomerate. Gray sandstone, sandy siltstone, and conglomerate also occur with this formation. The Santiago formation overlies the Silverado formation.

The hillside terrain in the north-central portion of the Modified Project site is underlain by older alluvium. Older alluvium consists of reddish-brown clayey sand with abundant wellrounded pebbles and cobble beds and lenses. Older alluvial deposits observed on site displayed approximate horizontal stratification. Alluvium located in the northern portion of the site and in the southerly flowing tributary stream drainages consists of silty to clayey sand with common pebble and cobble beds and lenses, while boulder size materials were encountered in exploratory pits in the tributary canyon areas. Artificial fill occurs in the vicinity of the prior equestrian uses and the existing concrete reservoir in the eastern portion of the Project area.

Artificial fill consists of alluvial and older alluvial materials that have been moved to create pad areas, berms, and reservoirs. Generally, on-site artificial fill is loose and non-compacted.

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Seismicity
The GRRSP Planning Area is located in a region within Southern California that is characterized by moderate to high seismic activity. The Project area is located in relatively close proximity to the Whittier, Glen Ivy, and Chino sections of the Elsinore Fault Zone. The northern branch of this fault traverses the Santa Ana Mountains approximately 300 feet south of the southern Project area property line. The main branch of this fault is located approximately 2,200 feet south of the southern Project area boundary. The Elsinore fault is a steeply dipping east-west trending fault. Although the bedrock structure in the vicinity of the GRRSP Planning Area is affected by this fault, it is not identified as an Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone in the Planning Area vicinity. This designation is applied to portions of the fault located northwest and southeast of the Project area.

Paleontological Resources
Paleontological resources (fossils) are the remains and/or traces of prehistoric life. Fossils are typically preserved in layered sedimentary rocks and the distribution of fossils is a result of the sedimentary history of the geologic units within which they occur. Fossils occur in a noncontinuous and often unpredictable distribution within some sedimentary units, and the potential for fossils to occur within sedimentary units depends on several factors. Although it is not possible to determine whether a fossil will occur in any specific location, it is possible to evaluate the potential for geologic units to contain scientifically significant paleontological resources, and therefore evaluate the potential for impacts to those resources and provide mitigation for paleontological resources if they do occur during construction.

The existence of Quaternary (middle to early Pleistocene) very old alluvial fan sediments and three Tertiary sedimentary formations beneath the Project area, the High paleontological resource sensitivity assigned to these geologic units, and fossils recovered from within and nearby the Project area. However, no Pleistocene fossils are known from within the project.

4.7.4 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act
The Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act was enacted in 1997 to "reduce the risks to life and property from future earthquakes in the United States through the establishment and maintenance of an effective earthquake hazards and reduction program." To accomplish this, the Act established the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program that provides characterization, and prediction of hazards and vulnerabilities; improvement of building codes and land use practices; risk reduction through post-earthquake investigations and education; development and improvement of design and construction techniques; improvement of mitigation capacity; and accelerated application of research results. This Act designated the

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Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as the lead agency of the program and assigns it several planning, coordinating, and reporting responsibilities. Programs under this Act provide building code requirements such as emergency evacuation responsibilities and seismic code standards such as those to which development would be required to adhere.

STATE REGULATIONS
Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act
The Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act was enacted in 1972 to prohibit the location of developments and structures for human occupancy across the trace of active faults. To assist with this, the State Geologist delineates appropriately wide earthquake fault zones (AlquistPriolo Zones) to encompass potentially and recently active traces, which are submitted to city and county agencies to be incorporated into their land use planning and construction policies.

A trace is a line on the earth’s surface defining a fault, and an active fault is defined as one that has ruptured in the last 11,000 years. The minimum distance a structure for human occupancy can be placed from an active fault is generally fifty feet.

Seismic Hazard Mapping Act
The Seismic Hazards Mapping Act (SHMA) of 1990 directs the Department of Conservation, California Geological Survey to identify and map areas prone to earthquake hazards of liquefaction, earthquake- induced landslides and amplified ground shaking. The purpose of the SHMA is to reduce the threat to public safety and to minimize the loss of life and property by identifying and mitigating these seismic hazards.

The SHMA requires the State Geologist to establish regulatory zones (Zones of Required Investigation) and to issue appropriate maps (Seismic Hazard Zone Maps). These maps are distributed to all affected cities, counties, and state agencies for their use in planning and controlling construction and development.

California Building Code
The California Building Code (also known as the “California Building Standards Code”) is promulgated under the California Code of Regulations (CCR) (Title 24, Parts 1 through 12) and is administered by the California Building Standards Commission. The national model code standards adopted into Title 24 apply to all occupancies in California except for modifications adopted by State agencies and local governing bodies. The California Building Standards Commission published the 2022 California Building Code which came into effect in January 2023. The Project would comply with State requirements regarding seismic design in effect at the time building permits are issues. Cities and counties may adopt ordinances making more restrictive requirements than provided by the California Building Code, because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions. Such adoptions and a finding of need statement must be filed with the California Building Standards Commission.

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Paleontological Resources
California Public Resources Code
Paleontological sites are protected under a wide variety of state policies and regulations in the California Public Resources Code (PRC). In addition, paleontological resources are recognized as nonrenewable resources and receive protection under the PRC and CEQA. PRC Division 5, Chapter 1.7, Section 5097.5, and Division 20, Chapter 3, Section 30244 states:

No person shall knowingly and willfully excavate upon, or remove, destroy, injure or deface any historic or prehistoric ruins, burial grounds, archaeological or vertebrate paleontological site, including fossilized footprints, inscriptions made by human agency, or any other archaeological, paleontological or historical feature, situated on public lands, except with the express permission of the public agency having jurisdiction over such lands. Violation of this section is a misdemeanor. This statute prohibits the removal, without permission, of any paleontological site or feature from lands under the jurisdiction of the state or any city, county, district, authority, or public corporation, or any agency thereof. As a result, local agencies are required to comply with PRC 5097.5 for their own activities, including construction and maintenance, as well as for permit actions (e.g., encroachment permits) undertaken by others.

PRC Section 5097.5 also establishes the removal of paleontological resources as a misdemeanor, and requires reasonable mitigation of adverse impacts to paleontological resources from developments on public (state, county, city, and district) lands.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
There are no regional regulation applicable to the Modified Project.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona 2020–2040 General Plan
Public Safety Element
Policy PS-1.1 Maintain accurate records, information, and mapping of seismic and geologic activity and hazards in Corona and the region from the California Geologic Survey; update records with information from local geotechnical studies.

Policy PS-1.2 In areas subject to seismic and geologic hazards, require development proposals to include a geotechnical hazard analysis and specific mitigations to reduce risks to acceptable levels as a condition of approval.

Policy PS-1.3 Enforce development requirements, such as seismic study analyses, project siting, setbacks, and project design features for proposed developments near the Elsinore Fault Zone and other active faults in accordance with the Alquist-Priolo Act.

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Policy PS-1.4 Require adherence to the latest California Building Codes and associated regulations in the City’s Municipal Code; update local codes and development requirements periodically for the latest best practices.

Policy PS-1.5 Locate new or existing buildings in the Elsinore earthquake fault zone or in other areas at risk from liquefaction, landslides, or other seismic and geologic hazards in the community and take corrective actions to minimize the risk of loss.

Policy PS-1.6 Identify vulnerable structures and encourage the retrofit or upgrade of vulnerable buildings (e.g., mobile homes) to minimize the damage to structures and reduce the risk or injury or death from seismic or geologic events.

Policy PS-1.7 Require geotechnical analysis for projects proposed in areas subject to corrosive soils. Where found, require appropriate cathodic protections and other best practices to minimize damage to buildings, structures, and infrastructure.

Policy PS-1.8 Limit grading for developments to the minimum needed to preserve natural topography, preserve vegetation, and maintain soil and slope stability. Require appropriate grading plans and slope stability to minimize soil instability.

Environmental Resources Element
Policy HR-3.1 Require appropriate treatment/preservation of archaeological collections in a culturally appropriate manner, in accordance with state and federal standards, and in consultation with interested Native American tribes that have traditional cultural affiliation with the project area and/or the resources affected by the project.

Policy HR-3.2 Require that development proposals incorporate specific measures to identify, protect, and preserve cultural resources in the planning, environmental review, and development process.

Policy HR-3.4 Any project that involves earth-disturbing activities in an area determined to be archaeologically or culturally sensitive shall require evaluation of the site by a qualified archaeologist. The applicant shall implement the recommendations of the archaeologist, subject to the approval of the City.

Policy HR-3.6 Any project that involves earth-disturbing activities in soil or rock units known or reasonably suspected to be fossil-bearing shall require monitoring by a qualified paleontologist retained by the project applicant for the duration of excavation or trenching.

Policy HR-3.7 Paleontological resources found prior to or during construction shall be evaluated by a qualified paleontologist, and appropriate mitigation measures applied, pursuant to § 21083.2 of CEQA, before the resumption of development activities. Any measures applied shall include the preparation of a report meeting professional standards, which shall be submitted to the Riverside County Museum of Natural History.

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Infrastructure and Utilities Element
Policy IU-3.3 Build, upgrade, maintain, and expand existing sewer collection and treatment facilities where existing systems are deficient in accordance with the Sewer Master Plan and state and federal standards.

Policy IU-3.4 Require that new development be connected to the municipal sewer system and ensure that adequate capacity is available for the treatment of generated sewer flows and safe disposal of sludge.

Policy IU-3.6 Restrict and prioritize sewer connections, if necessary, to comply with available treatment capacity.

Policy IU-3.7 Ensure that sewer connection fees and charges are reviewed annually and are sufficient to fully fund and support the construction, improvement, and rehabilitation of sewer facilities.

Policy IU-3.8 Require that new development be connected to the City’s sewer system.

4.7.5 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.7.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant geology and soilsimpacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Project-related component would:

Threshold GEO-1 a. Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury or death involving:
i. Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map, issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault.

Threshold GEO-2 ii. Strong seismic ground shaking.

Threshold GEO-3 iii. Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction.

Threshold GEO-4 iv. Landslides.

Threshold GEO-5 Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil.

Threshold GEO-6 Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in onor off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse.

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Threshold GEO-7 Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-I-B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property.

Threshold GEO-8 Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of wastewater.

Threshold GEO-9 Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature.

METHODOLOGY
The analysis of geology and soils impacts associated with the Modified Project is based on a review of the EIR-Level Geotechnical Study dated August 12, 2020 and the Update of EIRLevel Geotechnical Study dated January 31, 2024 prepared by Petra Geosciences, Inc., referred to as the Geotechnical Study for the Modified Project, and the Paleontological Resource Record Search Update for the Green River Ranch III Project, prepared by Brian F. Smith and Associates, revised January 10, 2024. The assessment presents field exploration, findings, conclusions and recommendations, and seismic design considerations based on the analysis in the Geotechnical Study. Additional resources reviewed include the City’s 2020-2040 General Plan and General Plan Technical Update Draft EIR, and the California Department of Conservation. The sections that follow describe the identified impacts and the measures that would be incorporated to mitigate significant impacts from the Modified Project.

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4.7.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

GEO-1 a. Directly or indirectly
cause potential
substantial adverse
effects, including the risk
of loss, injury or death
involving:
i. Rupture of a known
earthquake fault, as
delineated on the most
Alquist-Priolo
Earthquake Fault Zoning
Map, issued by the State
Geologist for the area or
based on other
substantial evidence of a
known fault.

GEO-2 ii. Strong seismic ground
shaking.

GEO-3 iii. Seismic-related
ground failure, including
liquefaction.

GEO-4 iv. Landslides.

GEO-5 Result in substantial soil
erosion or the loss of
topsoil.

GEO-6 Be located on a geologic
unit or soil that is
unstable, or that would
become unstable as a
result of the project, and
potentially result in on- or
off-site landslide, lateral
spreading, subsidence,
liquefaction, or collapse.

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Impacts
Would the
Modified
Project result
in new or
more severe
impacts
requiring
revisions to
the Prior
EIR?
Would the Modified
Project be
implemented under
changed
circumstances
resulting in new or
more severe impacts
requiring revisions
to the Prior EIR?
Is there new
information that
would result in
new or more
severe impacts
from the
Modified Project
requiring
revisions to the
Prior EIR?
Would the
Modified Project
result in
eliminated,
reduced, or no
changes to
impacts and no
changes to the
Prior EIR are
required?
Would the project:

GEO-7 Be located on expansive
soil, as defined in Table
18-I-B of the Uniform
Building Code (1994),
creating substantial direct
or indirect risks to life or
property.

GEO-8 Have soils incapable of
adequately supporting the
use of septic tanks or
alternative wastewater
disposal systems where
sewers are not available
for the disposal of
wastewater.

GEO-9 Directly or indirectly
destroy a unique
paleontological resource
or site or unique geologic
feature.

IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact GEO-1: a. Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury or death involving:
i. Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map, issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault.

Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

As stated previously, the GRRSP Planning Area is not within a State of California defined Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Hazard Zone and no known active faults transect the Project site. As determined in the Geotechnical Study (Appendix G-1), no known surface traces of active or potentially active faults traverse any portion of the Modified Project site and field

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observations did not reveal evidence of ground rupturing faulting at the surface. Therefore, the potential for substantial adverse effects due to surface rupture along a known earthquake fault is less than significant and no mitigation is required. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact GEO-2: ii. Strong seismic ground shaking.

Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The GRRSP Planning Area is located in a seismically active area of southern California. The type and magnitude of seismic hazards that may affect the Modified Project site are dependent on both the distance to causative faults and the intensity and duration of the seismic event.

Although surface rupture is considered less than significant, the Modified Project could be subject to future seismic shaking and strong ground motion resulting in structural damage.

Future construction of the Modified Project and the construction of the proposed BPI Development and future construction of the balance of the Modified Project would be subject to applicable ordinances and requirements of the current California Building Code (CCR Title 24). The CBC provides requirements for foundation strength, tie-downs, shear strength, and other building requirements designed to withstand significant ground-shaking. Similar to the Approved Project, with implementation of design and construction techniques tailored to withstand ground shaking to an acceptable level defined by the CBC, potential impacts to the proposed BPI Development and balance of the Modified Project would be reduced to less than significant. Mitigation Measure 4.10.1A was identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project to require adherence to obligatory design and construction techniques related to mitigating the affects from ground shaking. However, such mitigation is not necessary because the requirements are obligatory. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact GEO-3: iii. Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction.

Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

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The secondary effects of seismic activity that are typically considered as potential hazards to a particular site include several types of ground failure. The general types of ground failure that can occur as a consequence of severe ground shaking include liquefaction. The probability of occurrence of each type of ground failure depends on the severity of the earthquake, distance from the causative fault, topography, soil, and groundwater conditions and other factors.

Liquefaction occurs when dynamic loading of a saturated sand or silt causes pore-water pressures to increase to levels where grain-to-grain contact is lost or significantly reduced and material temporarily behaves as a viscous fluid. Typically, these conditions must be present within 30 to 35 feet of the ground surface. Liquefaction can cause settlement of the ground surface, settlement and tilting of engineered structures, flotation of buoyant buried structures and fissuring of the ground surface. A common surface manifestation of liquefaction is the formation of sand boils.

As stated in the Geotechnical Study, only dry-sand settlement appears to be a potential concern with respect to development of the Modified Project including proposed BPI development project. However, as stated in the 2001 EIR and consistent with the findings in the current Geotechnical Study, liquefaction beneath the Modified Project site is considered unlikely because groundwater was not encountered in the exploratory borings completed to a maximum depth of 87 feet below grade. As a result, the potential for the occurrence of liquefaction beneath the GRRSP Planning Area with impact to the development is considered less than significant.

In addition, the effects of seismic-related ground failure would be further mitigated through remedial grading, and the incorporation of strengthened foundation systems (i.e. mat or posttensioned) into the project design which are obligatory requirements of State and local laws and ordinances, including Chapter 18 of the CBC as the City has adopted in its Municipal Code. These requirements include implementation of specific recommendations for remedial grading and foundation design determined in the design-phase geotechnical report. Remedial grading would include excavation and recompaction of near-surface soils to increase the relative density of the surficial dry sandy soils. Therefore, impacts are considered to be less than significant with implementation of existing regulations and no mitigation is required.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact GEO-4: iv. Landslides.

Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

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Landslides or large unstable slopes can result in soil movement downslope that damages property or results in injury to persons located downslope. The potential for such soil movements can be evaluated to determine the presence of weak soil or rock layers, or unstable materials that may contribute to the occurrence of landslides..

Cut slopes up to approximately 180 feet in height have been proposed to facilitate building pad construction of the BPI Development. As stated in the Geotechnical Study, it is anticipated that the upper portion of these slopes will consist of very old alluvial fan deposits, while the lower portions and the toe of these slopes are likely to expose bedrock. As such, the proposed slope configurations are likely to be stable with adequate factors of safety under static conditions.

As discussed previously, the BPI Development site is very close to active faulting associated with the Elsinore fault and therefore seismic shaking potential at the BPI Development site is very high as previously analyzed.

Preliminary results from the Geotechnical Study indicated that typical 2:1 slopes of 180 feet in height may not achieve adequate factors of safety. The Geotechnical Study identified one landslide surface within the southwesterly cut slope of the BPI Development; however, it will be removed during designed grading of the cut slope. Implementation of specific recommendations for remedial grading determined in the design-phase geotechnical report will include detailed evaluation of the slope stability and any landslides at the site for determination of appropriate design measures. The design-phase geotechnical report will include a pseudostatic analysis which takes into account the potential ground shaking at the site. The stability analysis will ensure an adequate factor of safety will be constructed at the slope, including modifications to the design if needed such as a further laid back or further stabilized such that the potential for seismically induced slope failure will be less than significant. With implementation of these obligatory requirements included in the BPI Development Project’s design, impacts associated with slope stability and from a future landslide would be reduced to less than significant levels.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact GEO-5: Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil.

Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

As previously discussed, construction of the Modified Project would include the grading of slopes of moderate to significant height within the Modified Project site as it pertains to the proposed BPI Development. Potential runoff from precipitation or uncontrolled irrigation,

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erosion of graded areas could occur during construction of all portions of the Modified Project that would result in offsite transport of the non-cohesive surface soils.

Reduction of the erosion potential during construction activities can be accomplished through a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), which specifies best management practices (BMPs) for temporary erosion controls. As part of the SWPPP, standard erosion control measures would be implemented for development of each phase of development of the Modified Project including the BPI Development to minimize the risk of erosion or sedimentation during construction. The SWPPP requires the inclusion of an erosion control plan that prescribes measures such as phasing grading, limiting areas of disturbance, designating restricted-entry zones, diverting runoff from disturbed areas, protective measures for sensitive areas, outlet protection, and provisions for revegetation or mulching. The erosion control plan(required under Section 15.36.060, Erosion Control Plan, of the City’s Municipal Code) would also include treatment measures to trap sediment, including inlet protection, straw bale barriers, straw mulching, straw wattles, silt fencing, check dams, terracing, and siltation or sediment ponds.

Such standards include proper implementation of storm water BMPs (as mandated by the City’s water quality ordinance) prior to commencement of earthwork operations within the Modified Project site including the BPI development, as well as diligent maintenance of erosion control devices throughout the early phases of construction until such time as the permanent storm water conveyance system has been constructed and activated. During the post-construction and occupancy period, the potential for soil erosion and loss of topsoil would remain less than significant through proper maintenance of irrigation systems and permanent storm water conveyance devices, as well as though compliance with the City’s water quality ordinance.

The 2001 EIR concluded construction of the Approved Project would create the potential for alluvium slope raveling and slope instability causing potential erosion impacts. With implementation of specific design recommendations from the Approved Project’s geotechnical study as detailed in mitigation measures MM 4.10.3A through MM 4.10.3E identified in the 2001 EIR, potential impacts related to slope stability would be reduced to less than significant.

However, it can be assumed implementation of standard obligatory regulations would reduce impacts from soil erosion and loss of topsoil associated with development of each phase of the Modified Project’s development to less than significant.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

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Impact GEO-6: Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse.

Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

Based on testing and a review of the borings and laboratory testing provided in the Geotechnical Study, existing soils within the low-lying/northerly portion of the BPI Development site are considered unsuitable. As a result, these soils are unsuitable for development and should be removed to underlying competent alluvial fan soils and replaced as properly compacted fill. Localized areas of deeper excavation of unsuitable soils may be necessary, and should be anticipated. Removal of soils in the natural canyon areas that extend southward into the hilly portion of the Modified Project site will likely be required down to bedrock. As such, the unsuitable soils and the recommendations detailed in the Geotechnical Study, over excavation and remediation of soils is required to render impacts to below a level less than significant.

In order to provide suitable support for the proposed BPI Development and similar conditions for future development of the GRRSP Planning Area, existing compressible materials should be over-excavated and the excavated material replaced as properly compacted, engineered fill.

As stated in the Geotechnical Study, the depth of required over-excavation will vary below existing grades and actual remedial grading depths will need to be determined during supplemental investigations and during grading based on on-site field observations by the Project geotechnical consultant. Detailed recommendations for remedial and design grading should be provided in the comprehensive design-phase geotechnical report. Additionally, the remedial recommendations should consider the need to protect any adjacent offsite properties and other restrictions that may be imposed by property limit boundaries.

Remedial and design grading within the Modified Project site including the BPI Development site would be performed in accordance with local grading ordinances, current standards of practice in the area, and the site-specific recommendations to be provided by the Project geotechnical professional. Based on the preceding findings, it is expected that excessive settlement resulting from compression and/collapse of existing near surface soils will be reduced to a less than significant level with implementation of the detailed recommendations contained in the design-phase geotechnical report, during supplemental investigations, and during grading based on on-site field observations by the Project geotechnical consultant.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

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Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact GEO-7: Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-I-B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property.

Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

Expansive soils are types of soil that expand or contract when they absorb or lose moisture.

This can cause problems for buildings with concrete surfaces or rigid floors, like cracking or shifting. As stated in the Geological Study (Appendix G-1), laboratory testing determined nearsurface soil and bedrock is anticipated to generally have a very low expansion potential.

Similar to the conclusions in the 2001 EIR, the Geotechnical Study indicated clayey alluvial materials located in the northern portion of the proposed BPI Development have a higher expansion potential. The CBC, Section 1808.6, as adopted by the City, contains provisions for design of building foundations and floor slabs to address the potential detrimental effects of expansive soils.

As mentioned in the Geotechnical Study, construction at the Modified Project will include mass grading and mixing of the various materials that are currently beneath the site. As stated in the 2001 ERI, properly compacted-engineered fill would be considered adequate in strength and consolidation characteristics to support the future structures constructed as part of the Approved Project without detrimental settlement. After completion of grading, the Geotechnical Study determined any identified near-surface soils within building pad areas exhibit an elevated expansion potential, those expansive soils would be addressed through design of structural foundations and floor slabs in compliance with the provisions of Section 1808.6 of the CBC, as adopted by the City Development Code, to prevent structural damage to the structures. With implementation of these obligatory procedures, impacts from expansive soils would be less than significant and no further mitigation is required.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact GEO-8: Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of wastewater.

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Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

As discussed in Section 4.19, Utilities and Service Systems, sewer services within the GRRSP Planning Area and BPI Development area would be provided by the City of Corona Water Utilities Department. No septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems are proposed as part of the Modified Project. Soils would not be required to support septic tanks once the project is implemented. As a result, there would be no impact and no mitigation is required.

No new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact GEO-9: Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature.

Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The Geotechnical Study identified the existence of very old alluvial fan sediments and sedimentary formations beneath the Modified Project that are considered to possess high paleontological resource sensitivity. Consequently, ground breaking activities during Project construction are considered to have a potential for impact to paleontological resources and therefore mitigation is required. Full-time paleontological monitoring shall be required in undisturbed fossil-bearing formations starting at the surface during surficial grading, excavation, or utility trenching activities associated with site preparation. This same conclusion was reached by the earlier investigations contained in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

For this reason, the Geotechnical Study recommended a draft PRIMP that would compliment the PRIMP contained in MM 4.9.1A of the prior 2001 EIR for the Approved Project. The revised and updated PRIMP would be comparable to the Approved Project’s mitigation, consistent with the provisions of CEQA, the City’s GP policies regarding paleontological resources, and the guidelines of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Upon implementation, the revised and updated PRIMP in combination with the recommendations contained in the 2001 EIR Mitigation Measure 4.9.1A would mitigate any adverse impacts (loss or destruction) to potential nonrenewable paleontological fossil resources, if present, to less than significant.

The updated and revise PRIMP acknowledges that paleontological monitoring may be reduced or halted if the excavations are unlikely to yield paleontological resources based upon the observations and recommendations of the professional-level project paleontologist.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project

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with implementation of 2001 EIR MM 4.9.1.A plus revised and updated Mitigation Measure MM PAL-1.

Mitigation Measure
In addition to 2001 EIR MM 4.9.1.A, the Modified Project introduces Mitigation Measure MM PAL-1 that would reduce project-related impacts to levels that are less than significant.

4.7.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Future development within the Modified Project vicinity would result in the potential for loss of paleontological resources. However, each development project is required to implement appropriate mitigation during earth moving activities in the same manner as identified for the Modified Project (prior EIR MM 4.9.1.4 and new MM PAL-1). For this reason, cumulative impacts to paleontological resources would be reduced to below a level of significance in the same manner as concluded in the 2001 EIR. Pursuant to local paleontological protection measures contained in the County of Riverside’s and City’s GPs, and the provisions of CEQA, impacts to paleontological resources from projects within the cumulative impact area that require discretionary action by a public agency would be assessed. Similar to the conclusion reached in the prior EIR, it is reasonable to assume appropriate mitigation would be required for all cumulative projects and impacts would be reduced to less than significant on a project and cumulative level. Therefore, no new or substantially greater cumulative impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

4.7.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No prior 2001 EIR mitigation measures are applicable as they are 1) superseded by the obligatory requirements of the CBC; or 2) the new Geotechnical Study (Appendix G-1 and G2) current design and construction recommendations.

4.7.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT The Modified Project introduces the following Mitigation Measures and are further described in detail below.

MM PAL-1: 1) Monitoring of mass grading and excavation activities in areas identified as likely to contain paleontological resources by a qualified paleontologist or paleontological monitor. Full time monitoring of grading or excavation activities should be performed starting from the surface in undisturbed areas of very old Quaternary (middle to early Pleistocene) alluvial fan deposits, and the Tertiary-aged Sespe, Vaqueros, Santiago, and Silverado formations within the

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project. Paleontological monitors will be equipped to salvage fossils as they are unearthed to avoid construction delays and to remove samples of sediments that are likely to contain the remains of small fossil invertebrates and vertebrates.

The monitor must be empowered to temporarily halt or divert equipment to allow for the removal of abundant or large specimens in a timely manner.

Monitoring may be reduced if the potentially fossiliferous units are not present in the subsurface, or if present, are determined upon exposure and examination by qualified paleontological personnel to have a low potential to contain or yield fossil resources.
2) Paleontological salvage during trenching and boring activities is typically from the generated spoils and does not delay the trenching or drilling activities.

Fossils are collected and placed in cardboard flats or plastic buckets and identified by field number, collector, and date collected. Notes are taken on the map location and stratigraphy of the site, and the site is photographed before it is vacated and the fossils are removed to a safe place. On mass grading projects, any discovered fossil site is protected by red flagging to prevent it from being overrun by earthmovers (scrapers) before salvage begins. Fossils are collected in a similar manner, with notes and photographs being taken before removing the fossils. Precise location of the site is determined with the use of handheld Global Positioning System units. If the site involves a large terrestrial vertebrate, such as large bone(s) or a mammoth tusk, that is/are too large to be easily removed by a single monitor, Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. (BFSA) will send a fossil recovery crew in to excavate around the find, encase the find within a plaster jacket, and remove it after the plaster is set. For large fossils, use of the contractor’s construction equipment is solicited to help remove the jacket to a safe location before it is returned to the BFSA laboratory facility for preparation.
3) Particularly small invertebrate fossils typically represent multiple specimens of a limited number of organisms, and a scientifically suitable sample can be obtained from one to several five-gallon buckets of fossiliferous sediment. If it is possible to dry screen the sediment in the field, a concentrated sample may consist of one or two buckets of material. For vertebrate fossils, the test is usually the observed presence of small pieces of bones within the sediments. If present, as many as 20 to 40 five-gallon buckets of sediment can be collected and returned to a separate facility to wet-screen the sediment. In the laboratory, individual fossils are cleaned of extraneous matrix, any breaks are repaired, and the specimen, if needed, is stabilized by soaking in an archivally approved acrylic hardener (e.g., a solution of acetone and Paraloid B-72).

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4) Preparation of recovered specimens to a point of identification and permanent preservation, including screen washing sediments to recover small invertebrates and vertebrates, if necessary. Preparation of individual vertebrate fossils is often more time-consuming than for accumulations of invertebrate fossils.
5) Identification and curation of specimens into a professional, accredited public museum repository with a commitment to archival conservation and permanent retrievable storage (e.g., the Western Science Center, 2345 Searl Parkway, Hemet, California 92543). The paleontological program should include a written repository agreement prior to the initiation of mitigation activities.
6) Preparation of a final monitoring and mitigation report of findings and significance, including lists of all fossils recovered and necessary maps and graphics to accurately record their original location. The report, when submitted to the appropriate lead agency (City of Corona), will signify satisfactory completion of the project program to mitigate impacts to any paleontological resources.
7) Decisions regarding the intensity of the MMRP will be made by the project paleontologist based upon the significance of the potential paleontological resources and their biostratigraphic, biochronologic, paleoecologic, taphonomic, and taxonomic attributes, not upon the ability of a project proponent to fund the MMRP.

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4.8 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

4.8.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) conditions within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential changes in impacts from GHG emissions from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. The NOP comment letters from South Coast Air Quality Management District, Southern California Association of Governments, and California Allied for a Responsible Economy were received pertaining to this topic. No Scoping Meeting comments were received pertaining to this topic.

This section of the Draft SEIR is based in part on the Green River Ranch Specific Plan Amendment, SP00-001 Amendment No.1, Greenhouse Gas Analysis (GHG Analysis), prepared by Urban Crossroads dated June 12, 2024 (Appendix I) .

4.8.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR did not include analysis of GHG emissions.

4.8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
GHGs are any gas that absorbs infrared radiation in the atmosphere. This absorption traps heat within the atmosphere, altering the Earth’s surface temperature. Increased surface temperatures caused by increased absorption of the sun’s infrared radiation from GHGs is commonly referred to as the greenhouse gas effect. A majority of the scientific community believes GHG emissions resulting from human activities have caused increased levels of most naturally occurring GHGs measured in the atmosphere over the past several decades. Regardless of the cause, the majority of the scientific community believes the continued increase of these GHG levels will result in an increase in the temperature of the Earth’s lower atmosphere. This increase in atmospheric temperature from increased GHGs is a phenomenon commonly referred to as global warming. Warming of the Earth’s lower atmosphere induces a suite of additional changes, including changes in global precipitation patterns; ocean circulation, temperature, and acidity; global mean sea level; species distribution and diversity; and the timing of biological processes. These large-scale changes are collectively referred to as global climate change. The GHGs listed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), fluoroform (HFC-23), tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), difluoroethane (HFC-152a), and sulfur hexaflouride (SF6) (IPCC 2022).

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The Global Warming Potential (GWP) was developed to simplify quantification, reporting, analysis, and comparison of the global warming impacts of different GHGs. IPCC defines the GWP of various GHG emissions on a normalized scale that recasts all GHG emissions in terms of CO2 equivalents (CO2e). The GWP of CO2 is, by definition, 1. GHG emissions are quantified and presented in terms of metric tons (MT) of CO2e emitted per year.

4.8.4 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
Executive Order 13990
On January 20, 2021, federal agencies were directed to immediately review and take action to address federal regulations promulgated and other actions taken during the prior 4 years that conflict with: national objectives to improve public health and the environment; ensure access to clean air and water; limit exposure to dangerous chemicals and pesticides; hold polluters accountable, including those who disproportionately harm communities of color and lowincome communities; reduce GHG emissions; bolster resilience to the impacts of climate change; restore and expand our national treasures and monuments; and prioritize both environmental justice and employment.

STATE REGULATIONS
AB 1493 - Pavley Fuel Efficiency Standards
In 2002, the California Legislature adopted AB 1493 requiring the adoption of regulations to reduce GHG emissions in the transportation sector. In September 2004, pursuant to AB 1493, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) approved regulations to reduce GHG emissions from new motor vehicles beginning with the 2009 model year (Pavley Regulations). In September 2009, CARB adopted amendments to the Pavley Regulations to reduce GHG from 2009 to 2016. CARB, EPA, and the U.S. Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration (NHTSA) have coordinated efforts to develop fuel economy and GHG standards for model 2017-2025 vehicles. The GHG standards are incorporated into the “Low Emission Vehicle” (LEV) Regulations.

Executive Order S-3-05
California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger announced on June 1, 2005, through Executive Order S-3-05, the following reduction targets for GHG emissions:
• By 2010, reduce GHG emissions to 2000 levels.
• By 2020, reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels.
• By 2050, reduce GHG emissions to 80% below 1990 levels.

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The 2050 reduction goal represents what some scientists believe is necessary to reach levels that would stabilize the climate. The 2020 goal was established to be a mid-term target.

Because this is an executive order, the goals are not legally enforceable for local governments or the private sector.

Assembly Bill (AB) 1279
Assembly Bill (AB) 1279 requires the state to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) as soon as possible, but no later than 2045, and achieve and maintain net negative greenhouse gas emissions thereafter. The bill also requires California to reduce statewide GHG emissions by 85 percent compared to 1990 levels and directs the California Air Resources Board to work with relevant state agencies to achieve these goals.

AB 32 Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006
The California State Legislature enacted AB 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act, in 2006 requiring GHGs emitted in California be reduced to 1990 levels by the year 2020 (this goal has been met). GHGs as defined under AB 32 include CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6. Since AB 32 was enacted, a seventh chemical, NF3, has also been added to the list of GHGs. CARB is the state agency charged with monitoring and regulating sources of GHGs. Pursuant to AB 32, CARB adopted regulations to achieve the maximum technologically feasible and costeffective GHG emission reductions. AB 32 states the following:
“Global warming poses a serious threat to the economic well-being, public health, natural resources, and the environment of California. The potential adverse impacts of global warming include the exacerbation of air quality problems, a reduction in the quality and supply of water to the state from the Sierra snowpack, a rise in sea levels resulting in the displacement of thousands of coastal businesses and residences, damage to marine ecosystems and the natural environment, and an increase in the incidences of infectious diseases, asthma, and other human health-related problems.”
2022 Scoping Plan
The California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32) requires that CARB develop and update every five years a scoping plan that sets forth the approach California will take to reduce statewide GHG emissions. The fourth Scoping Plan was approved by CARB in December 2022. The 2022 Scoping Plan focuses on turning California into a clean energy economy overall, with regulations that touch on numerous industries. The plan would cut GHG emissions by 48% below 1990 levels by 2030, an increase from the current 40% statutory mandate. By 2045, the plan would cut emissions by a dramatic 85% below 1990 levels and attain carbon neutrality. The plan would result in a 71% reduction in smog-forming air pollution, reduce fossil fuel consumption to less than one-tenth of what California uses presently, create 4 million new jobs in the energy sector, and save Californians $200 billion in health costs due to pollution in 2045.As part of the plan, CARB would seek to reduce liquid

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petroleum fuel consumption by 94% and total fossil fuel demand by 86% by 2030. The most ambitious of these new measures includes a prohibition on building new fossil gas plants or expanding on current plants in the state. Instead, energy development would be focused on renewable resources. For the electricity generation sector at large, CARB’s plan includes lowering sector GHG emissions to 38 million metric tons (MMT) in 2030 and 30 MMT in 2035.

CARB’s plan calls for installing point source capture technology on petroleum refineries, cement production facilities, and electricity-generating gas plants where there is currently no feasible alternative to combustion energy. These technological capture methods are intended to be implemented in addition to increased focus on carbon capture via natural means, such as the preservation of natural lands by planting trees and restoring wetlands.

The plan incorporates newly passed measures that ban the sale of gasoline-only cars by 2035.

The plan calls for at least 35% of new vehicles sold to be zero emission by 2026, a threshold which gradually increases each year to meet the 100% goal. Other transportation modes will be targeted including aviation fuels, mass transit transportation emissions (buses and light rail), and freight and passenger locomotive sales.

The plan will reduce impacts from residential and commercial buildings. New residential will require all electric appliances by 2026. For existing homes, 80% of new appliance sales must be electric by 2030 and 100% by 2045. For new commercial buildings, all appliances must be electric by 2029. Existing commercial buildings, 80% of new appliance sales must be electric by 2030 and 100% by 2045.

AB 1881
The Water Conservation in Landscaping Act of 2006 requires local agencies to adopt the updated DWR model ordinance or equivalent. AB 1881 also requires the CEC to consult with the DWR to adopt, by regulation, performance standards and labeling requirements for landscape irrigation equipment, including irrigation controllers, moisture sensors, emission devices, and valves to reduce the wasteful, uneconomic, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy or water.

Senate Bill (SB) 1368. California SB 1368 adds Sections 8340 and 8341 to the Public Utilities Code (effective January 1, 2007) with the intent “to prevent long-term investments in power plants with GHG emissions in excess of those produced by a combined-cycle natural gas power plant” with the aim of “reducing emissions of GHGs from the state’s electricity consumption, not just the state’s electricity production.” SB 1368 provides a mechanism for reducing the GHG emissions of electricity providers, both in-state and out-of-state, thereby assisting CARB in meeting its mandate under AB 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006.

SB 375

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In August 2008, the Legislature passed, and on September 30, 2008, Governor Schwarzenegger signed SB 375, which addresses GHG emissions associated with the transportation sector through regional transportation and sustainability plans. Regional GHG reduction targets for the automobile and light-truck sector for 2020 and 2035, as determined by CARB, are required to consider the emission reductions associated with vehicle emission standards (see SB 1493), the composition of fuels (see Executive Order S-1-07), and other CARB-approved measures to reduce GHG emissions. Regional metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) will be responsible for preparing a Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS) within their Regional Transportation Plan (RTP). The goal of the SCS is to establish a development plan for the region, which, after considering transportation measures and policies, will achieve, if feasible, the GHG reduction targets. If an SCS is unable to achieve the GHG reduction target, an MPO must prepare an Alternative Planning Strategy demonstrating how the GHG reduction target would be achieved through alternative development patterns, infrastructure, or additional transportation measures or policies. SB 375 provides incentives for streamlining CEQA requirements by substantially reducing the requirements for “transit priority projects,” as specified in SB 375, and eliminating the analysis of the impacts of certain residential projects on global warming and the growth-inducing impacts of those projects when the projects are consistent with the SCS or Alternative Planning Strategy. On September 23, 2010, CARB adopted the SB 375 targets for the regional MPOs.

Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act of 2015 (Sb 350) In October 2015, the legislature approved, and Governor Jerry Brown signed SB 350, which reaffirms California’s commitment to reducing its GHG emissions and addressing climate change. Key provisions include an increase in the RPS, higher energy efficiency requirements for buildings, initial strategies towards a regional electricity grid, and improved infrastructure for EV charging stations. Provisions for a 50% reduction in the use of petroleum statewide were removed from the Bill because of opposition and concern that it would prevent the Bill’s passage. Specifically, SB 350 requires the following to reduce statewide GHG emissions:
• Increase the amount of electricity procured from renewable energy sources from 33% to 50% by 2030, with interim targets of 40% by 2024, and 25% by 2027. • Double the energy efficiency in existing buildings by 2030. This target would be achieved through the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), the California Energy Commission (CEC), and local publicly owned utilities. • Reorganize the Independent System Operator (ISO) to develop more regional electrify transmission markets and to improve accessibility in these markets, which would facilitate the growth of renewable energy markets in the western United States.

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SB 32 (Chapter 249, Statutes of 2016)
On September 8, 2016, Governor Brown signed SB 32 and its companion bill, AB 197. SB 32 requires the state to reduce statewide GHG emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030, a reduction target that was first introduced in Executive Order B-30-15. The new legislation builds upon the AB 32 goal and provides an intermediate goal to achieving S-3-05, which sets a statewide GHG reduction target of 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. AB 197 creates a legislative committee to oversee regulators to ensure that CARB not only responds to the Governor, but also the Legislature.

Cap-and-Trade Program
According to CARB, a cap-and-trade program will help put California on the path to meet its goal of reducing GHG emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2020 and ultimately achieving an 80% reduction from 1990 levels by 2050. Under cap-and-trade, an overall limit on GHG emissions from capped sectors is established, and facilities subject to the cap will be able to trade permits to emit GHGs within the overall limit.

CARB adopted a California Cap-and-Trade Program pursuant to its authority under AB 32.

See Title 17 of the CCR §§ 95800 to 96023). The Cap-and-Trade Program is designed to reduce GHG emissions from major sources (deemed “covered entities”) by setting a firm cap on statewide GHG emissions and employing market mechanisms to achieve AB 32’s emissionreduction mandate of returning to 1990 levels of emissions by 2020. The statewide cap for GHG emissions from the capped sectors (e.g., electricity generation, petroleum refining, and cement production) commenced in 2013 and will decline over time, achieving GHG emission reductions throughout the program’s duration.

California Regulations and Building Codes
California has a long history of adopting regulations to improve energy efficiency in new and remodeled buildings. These regulations have kept California’s energy consumption relatively flat even with rapid population growth.

Title 20 CCR Sections 1601 Et Seq. – Appliance Efficiency Regulations. The Appliance Efficiency Regulations regulate the sale of appliances in California. The Appliance Efficiency Regulations include standards for both federally regulated appliances and nonfederally regulated appliances. 23 categories of appliances are included in th-e scope of these regulations. The standards within these regulations apply to appliances that are sold or offered for sale in California, except those sold wholesale in California for final retail sale outside the state Green River Ranch Specific Plan Amendment and those designed and sold exclusively for use in recreational vehicles (RV) or other mobile equipment (CEC 2012).

Title 24 Ccr Part 6 – California Energy Code. The California Energy Code was first adopted in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California’s energy consumption. The

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standards are updated periodically to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy efficient technologies and methods.

Title 24 Ccr Part 11 – California Green Building Standards Code. California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24 Part 6: The California Energy Code was first adopted in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California’s energy consumption. The standards are updated periodically to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy efficient technologies and methods. CCR, Title 24, Part 11: California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) is a comprehensive and uniform regulatory code for all residential, commercial, and school buildings that went in effect on January 1, 2009, and is administered by the California Building Standards Commission. CALGreen is updated on a regular basis, with the most recent approved update consisting of the 2022 California Green Building Code Standards that became effective on January 1, 2023.

Local jurisdictions are permitted to adopt more stringent requirements, as state law provides methods for local enhancements. CALGreen recognizes that many jurisdictions have developed existing construction waste and demolition ordinances and defers to them as the ruling guidance provided, they establish a minimum 65% diversion requirement.

The code also provides exemptions for areas not served by construction waste and demolition recycling infrastructure. The State Building Code provides the minimum standard that buildings must meet in order to be certified for occupancy, which is generally enforced by the local building official.

Energy efficient buildings require less electricity; therefore, increased energy efficiency reduces fossil fuel consumption and decreases greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The 2022 version of Title 24 was adopted by the CEC and became effective on January 1, 2023.

The 2022 Title 24 standards would result in less energy use, thereby reducing air pollutant emissions associated with energy consumption in the SCAB and across the State of California.

For example, the 2022 Title 24 standards require solar photovoltaic systems for new homes, encourage the use of heat pumps for space and water heating, and require homes to be electricready to ease the adoption of cleaner electric heating, cooking, and EV charging. The CEC anticipates that the 2022 energy code will provide $1.5 billion in consumer benefits and reduce GHG emissions by 10 million metric tons (40). The Project would be required to comply with the applicable standards in place at the time building permit document submittals are made.

Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance
The Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) was required by AB 1881, the Water Conservation Act. The bill required local agencies to adopt a local landscape ordinance at least as effective in conserving water as the Model Ordinance by January 1, 2010.

Reductions in water use of 20% consistent with (SBX-7-7) 2020 mandate are expected upon

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compliance with the ordinance. Governor Brown’s Drought Executive Order of April 1, 2015 (Executive Order B-29-15) directed the Department of Water Resources (DWR) to update the Ordinance through expedited regulation. The California Water Commission approved the revised Ordinance on July 15, 2015 effective December 15, 2015. New development projects that include landscape areas of 500 sf or more are subject to the Ordinance. The update requires:
• More efficient irrigation systems;
• Incentives for graywater usage;
• Improvements in on-site stormwater capture;
• Limiting the portion of landscapes that can be planted with high water use plants; and
• Reporting requirements for local agencies.

CARB Refrigerant Management Program
CARB adopted a regulation in 2009 to reduce refrigerant GHG emissions from stationary sources through refrigerant leak detection and monitoring, leak repair, system retirement and retrofitting, reporting and recordkeeping, and proper refrigerant cylinder use, sale, and disposal. The regulation is set forth in sections 95380 to 95398 of Title 17, CCR. The rules implementing the regulation establish a limit on statewide GHG emissions from stationary facilities with refrigeration systems with more than 50 pounds of a high GWP refrigerant. The refrigerant management program is designed to (1) reduce emissions of high-GWP GHG refrigerants from leaky stationary, non-residential refrigeration equipment; (2) reduce emissions from the installation and servicing of refrigeration and air-conditioning appliances using high-GWP refrigerants; and (3) verify GHG emission reductions.

Tractor‐Trailer GHG Regulation
The tractors and trailers subject to this regulation must either use EPA SmartWay certified tractors and trailers or retrofit their existing fleet with SmartWay verified technologies. The regulation applies primarily to owners of 53‐foot or longer box‐type trailers, including both dryvan and refrigerated‐van trailers, and owners of the heavy-duty tractors that pull them on California highways. These owners are responsible for replacing or retrofitting their affected vehicles with compliant aerodynamic technologies and low rolling resistance tires. Sleeper cab tractors model year 2011 and later must be SmartWay certified. All other tractors must use SmartWay verified low rolling resistance tires. There are also requirements for trailers to have low rolling resistance tires and aerodynamic devices.

Phase I and 2 Heavy-Duty Vehicle GHG Standards
CARB has adopted a new regulation for GHG emissions from HDTs and engines sold in California. It establishes GHG emission limits on truck and engine manufacturers and harmonizes with the EPA rule for new trucks and engines nationally. Existing heavy-duty

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vehicle regulations in California include engine criteria emission standards, tractor-trailer GHG requirements to implement SmartWay strategies (i.e., the Heavy-Duty Tractor-Trailer GHG Regulation), and inuse fleet retrofit requirements such as the Truck and Bus Regulation.

In September 2011, the EPA adopted their new rule for HDTs and engines. The EPA rule has compliance requirements for new compression and spark ignition engines, as well as trucks from Class 2b through Class 8. Compliance requirements begin with model year 2014 with stringency levels increasing through model year 2018. The rule organizes truck compliance into three groupings, which include a) heavy-duty pickups and vans; b) vocational vehicles; and c) combination tractors. The EPA rule does not regulate trailers.

CARB staff has worked jointly with the EPA and the NHTSA on the next phase of federal GHG emission standards for medium-duty trucks (MDT) and HDT vehicles, called federal Phase 2. The federal Phase 2 standards were built on the improvements in engine and vehicle efficiency required by the Phase 1 emission standards and represent a significant opportunity to achieve further GHG reductions for 2018 and later model year HDT vehicles, including trailers. But as discussed above, the EPA and NHTSA have proposed to roll back GHG and fuel economy standards for cars and light-duty trucks, which suggests a similar rollback of Phase 2 standards for MDT and HDT vehicles may be pursued.

In February 2019, the OAL approved the Phase 2 Heavy-Duty Vehicle GHG Standards and became effective April 1, 2019. The Phase 2 GHG standards are needed to offset projected VMT growth and keep heavy-duty truck CO2 emissions declining. The federal Phase 2 standards establish for the first time, federal emissions requirements for trailers hauled by heavy-duty tractors. The federal Phase 2 standards are more technology-forcing than the federal Phase 1 standards, requiring manufacturers to improve existing technologies or develop new technologies to meet the standards. The federal Phase 2 standards for tractors, vocational vehicles, and heavy-duty pick-up trucks and vans (PUVs) will be phased-in from 2021-2027, additionally for trailers, the standards are phased-in from 2018 (2020 in California) through 2027.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
SCAQMD
SCAQMD is the agency responsible for air quality planning and regulation in the SCAB. The SCAQMD addresses the impacts to climate change of projects subject to SCAQMD permit as a lead agency if they are the only agency having discretionary approval for the project and acts as a responsible agency when a land use agency must also approve discretionary permits for the project. The SCAQMD acts as an expert commenting agency for impacts to air quality.

This expertise carries over to GHG emissions, so the agency helps local land use agencies through the development of models and emission thresholds that can be used to address GHG emissions.

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In 2008, SCAQMD formed a Working Group to identify GHG emissions thresholds for land use projects that could be used by local lead agencies in the SCAB. The Working Group developed several different options that are contained in the SCAQMD Draft Guidance Document – Interim CEQA GHG Significance Threshold, that could be applied by lead agencies. The working group has not provided additional guidance since the release of the interim guidance in 2008. The SCAQMD Board has not approved the thresholds; however, the Guidance Document provides substantial evidence supporting the approaches to significance of GHG emissions that can be considered by the lead agency in adopting its own threshold.

The current interim thresholds consist of the following tiered approach:
• Tier 1 consists of evaluating whether or not the project qualifies for any applicable exemption under CEQA.
• Tier 2 consists of determining whether the project is consistent with a GHG reduction plan. If a project is consistent with a qualifying local GHG reduction plan, it does not have significant GHG emissions.
• Tier 3 consists of screening values, which the lead agency can choose, but must be consistent with all projects within its jurisdiction. A project’s construction emissions are averaged over 30 years and are added to the project’s operational emissions. If a project’s emissions are below one of the following screening thresholds, then the project is less than significant:
o Residential and commercial land use: 3,000 MTCO2e/yr
o Industrial land use: 10,000 MTCO2e/yr
o Based on land use type: residential: 3,500 MTCO2e/yr; commercial: 1,400 MTCO2e/yr; or mixed use: 3,000 MTCO2e/yr
• Tier 4 has the following options:
o Option 1: Reduce Business-as-Usual (BAU) emissions by a certain percentage; this percentage is currently undefined.
o Option 2: Early implementation of applicable AB 32 Scoping Plan measures o Option 3: 2020 target for service populations (SP), which includes residents and employees: 4.8 MTCO2e per SP per year for projects and 6.6 MTCO2e per SP per year for plans;
o Option 3, 2035 target: 3.0 MTCO2e per SP per year for projects and 4.1 MTCO2e per SP per year for plans.
• Tier 5 involves mitigation offsets to achieve target significance threshold.

The SCAQMD’s interim thresholds used the Executive Order S-3-05-year 2050 goal as the basis for the Tier 3 screening level. Achieving the Executive Order’s objective would contribute to worldwide efforts to cap CO2 concentrations at 450 ppm, thus stabilizing global climate. SCAQMD only has authority over GHG emissions from development projects that include air quality permits. At this time, it is unknown if the project would include stationary

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sources of emissions subject to SCAQMD permits. Notwithstanding, if the Project requires a stationary permit, it would be subject to the applicable SCAQMD regulations.

SCAQMD Regulation XXVII, adopted in 2009 includes the following rules:
• Rule 2700 defines terms and post global warming potentials. • Rule 2701, SoCal Climate Solutions Exchange, establishes a voluntary program to encourage, quantify, and certify voluntary, high quality certified GHG emission reductions in the SCAQMD.
• Rule 2702, GHG Reduction Program created a program to produce GHG emission reductions within the SCAQMD. The SCAQMD will fund projects through contracts in response to requests for proposals or purchase reductions from other parties.

SCAQMD Rule 2305
The SCAQMD adopted Rule 2305, the Warehouse Indirect Source Rule, on May 7, 2021.

Owners and operators associated with warehouses 100,000 square feet (sf) or larger are required to directly reduce NOX and PM emissions, or to otherwise facilitate emission and exposure reductions of these pollutants in nearby communities. While NOX and PM emissions are the target of this regulation, GHG emission reductions would also be realized through the implementation of zero-emission and/or near-zero emissions trucks, solar panels, and electric vehicle chargers.

For new development projects in the City, consistency with the CAP is obtained by using Screening Tables to confirm the project’s features equate to 100 points. The point values in the Screening Tables were derived from the projected emissions reductions that would be achieved by each of the reduction measures associated with new development within the City. The points within the Screening Tables calculated using projected growth in households and commercial uses in 2030 and proportioning the appropriate reduction quantities for new development to the residential, commercial, and industrial land use sectors within the Screening Tables. The resulting point values are assigned by residential unit or commercial/industrial square footage.

The size of the project is not relevant, each project must obtain 100 points in the Screening

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Tables to demonstrate consistency with the CAP. The result is that the GHG emissions calculated for a project, which are directly tied to its size, are not used to determine CAP consistency. Rather, project efficiency becomes important through use of the Screening Tables.

City of Corona 2020–2040 General Plan
Circulation Element
Policy CE-1.4 Design and employ traffic control measures to ensure City streets and roads function with safety and efficiency.

Policy CE-1.10 Require a traffic analysis to be prepared in accordance with the City’s adopted Traffic Impact Study Guidelines and require projects to mitigate impacts on the City’s circulation system that exceed the City’s adopted service thresholds for near term and future conditions.

Intercity and Regional Transportation
Policy CE-2.1 Support RCTC and Caltrans efforts to improve management of the SR91, I-15, and SR-71. Promote improvements that reduce regional cut-through traffic on City streets and work with RCTC and Caltrans to ensure that accessibility to these facilities is provided to Corona residents.

Policy CE-2.2 Support regional transportation infrastructure that would provide alternative connections and access to neighboring counties and reduce the volume of cutthrough traffic on City streets.

Transportation Management
Policy CE-3.3 Encourage employers to reduce vehicular trips by offering to employees commute trip reduction programs, such as transit fare subsidies, alternative work schedules and telecommuting, employer-sponsored van pools or shuttles, ride share programs, and bike share.

Public Transportation
Policy CE-4.2 Work with the Riverside Transit Agency to identify needs for additional bus services and enhancements to existing services.

Policy CE-4.5 Encourage employers to reduce single-occupant vehicular trips by providing employee incentives (e.g., reduced rate transit passes).

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Policy CE-4.6 Require new development to provide transit facilities, such as bus shelters and turnouts, where deemed necessary, to encourage the use of transit and other alternative forms of transportation.

Policy CE-4.7 Preserve options for expanding future transit use when designing improvements for roadways or redeveloping major developments and including areas for transit facilities.

Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities
Policy CE-5.2 Maintain existing pedestrian facilities and encourage new development to provide walkways between and through developments.

Policy CE-5.3 Provide for safe accessibility to and use of pedestrian facilities by people with disabilities to implement accessibility requirements under the American with Disabilities Act.

Policy CE-5.7 Use easements and/or rights-or-way along flood control channels, public utilities, railroads, and streets wherever possible for bikeways and equestrian and hiking trails.

Goods Movement
Policy CE-6.1 Provide primary truck routes on selected arterial streets that will serve the business community while minimizing the impacts of through truck traffic into residential areas.

Policy CE-6.2 Provide appropriately designed and maintained roadways in accordance with local, state, and federal standards for truck routes so that they can safely accommodate truck travel.

Policy CE-6.3 Develop appropriate treatments along local truck routes to minimize noise and vibration impacts on sensitive land uses that are adjacent to or impacted by the truck route.

Policy CE-6.4 Ensure that new development provides adequate on-site truck loading facilities and enforce prohibition of queuing of trucks on public streets or in other areas not intended for such uses.

Policy CE-6.6 Strive to minimize through truck traffic in residential neighborhoods and other areas not intended for such travel, and enforce City codes that restrict or prohibit trucks on certain streets.

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Parking
Policy CE-7.3 Encourage employers to include strategic parking provisions in new developments, where feasible, to encourage the use of transit and other modes of travel rather than single-occupancy autos.

Policy CE-7.4 Accommodate joint use of parking facilities as part of an area plan or site plan, based on the peak parking demands of permitted uses in the planning area.

Policy LU-6.2 Require that new residential, commercial, office, and industrial development be designed to minimize consumption of and sustain scarce environmental resources through:
• Site design—concentration and intermixing of development to minimize vehicular trips and promote walking and building orientation for solar access and heat gain and loss. • Landscaping—drought-tolerant species, use of recycled water for irrigation, and other purposes.
• Capture of rainwater and re-use on site.
• Building design and construction materials—energy-and water efficient fixtures, recycled building materials, insulation and wall thickness, permeable paving surfaces, and comparable techniques.

Policy LU-10.6 Establish a multi-use trail system that connects the rural and estate neighborhoods adjoining open spaces and parklands. These may be developed for pedestrians, bicycles, and/or for horseback riding where allowed by zoning.

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Policy LU-13.2 Limit retail commercial and professional office uses within a mixedresidential- commercial/office use development to those uses that are compatible with residential uses.

Healthy Community Element
Policy HC-2.5 Require the preparation of air quality, noise, and vibration technical studies to determine the impact of proposed new development on adjacent and surrounding land uses and to identify the appropriate measures required to mitigate such impacts.

Housing Element (2021-2029)
Policy H-1.2 Promote specific plans and zoning map amendments that provide a variety of housing types and densities based on the suitability of the land, including the availability of infrastructure, the provision of adequate City services and recognition of environmental constraints.

Policy H-1.4 Support the development of sustainable projects that reduce demand for water and energy resources, reduce commute times and operational costs, and provide for transitoriented development.

Environment Resources Element
Policy ER-12.1 Promote and encourage alternate employment work schedules for public- and private-sector businesses to achieve a reduction of employee-related motor vehicle emissions in accordance with SCAQMD Rule 2202.

Policy ER-12.2 Continue to cooperate with the SCAQMD and other local authorities in the air basin, in implementing air emission reduction programs and techniques.

Policy ER-12.3 Establish and strictly enforce controls on land use activities that contain operations or materials that individually or cumulatively add significantly to the degradation of air quality in Corona.

Policy ER-12.6 Support major commercial centers and employment center projects, having 100 or more employees, to incorporate transit amenities, access points, and van and carpool parking as part of the project.

Policy ER-12.8 Require new commercial and industrial development and redevelopment projects of sufficient scale and number of employees to provide adequate facilities for bicycles, such as bicycle racks located close to the front entranceways of buildings and shower facilities with lockers.

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Policy ER-12.9 Continue to incorporate bicycle lanes in all new and upgrade roadway projects in order to encourage commuter bicycle trips. Also, improve existing bicycle lanes for greater user safety.

Policy ER-12.11 Require that large-scale master-planned residential communities incorporate pedestrian and cycling paths/trails that link with adjacent neighborhoods, schools, areas of shopping and employment, community centers, other places of activity, and transit access points.

Policy ER-12.12 Provide effective utility of pedestrian and cycling paths/trails and place strong limitations on intrusions into these rights-of-way used for pedestrian and bicycling.

Policy ER-12.13 Reduce particulate emissions from paved and unpaved roads, parking lots, and road and building construction through the implementation of best practices as deemed feasible by the City of Corona.

Policy ER-13.3 Evaluate opportunities to reduce energy use and the urban heat island effect through site and building design, materials and landscaping, such as reflective roofs or pavement, vegetated roofs, pervious pavement, shade trees, and re-vegetation of paved areas.

Policy ER-13.5 Increase use of clean fuel and electric vehicles in the city through the support of the installation of electric vehicle infrastructure; explore opportunities to incentivize and/or facilitate installation of electric vehicle charging stations at convenient locations in Corona.

Policy ER-13.6 Reduce solid waste sent to the landfills and associated community-wide GHG emissions by ensuring all properties have access to curbside solid waste, recycled materials, and green/organic waste programs; target special programs for construction debris, household hazardous waste, etc.

Policy ER-13.7 Support a wide variety of transportation related measures (e.g., active transportation, increased bus and rail transit, transportation system and demand management,

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etc.) as articulated in the Circulation Element to reduce the number of vehicle miles traveled in Corona.

Infrastructure and Utilities Element
Policy IU-7.7 Encourage the reduction of energy consumption through passive solar building orientation as well as the installation of rooftop solar energy systems and energyefficient technologies.

4.8.5 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.8.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant greenhouse gas emission impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Project-related component would:

Threshold GHG-1 Generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment?
Threshold GHG-2 Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs?

METHODOLOGY
This section describes existing global climate change conditions, existing rules and regulations as adopted by the state and the City of Corona 2020–2040 General Plan (2020) and City of Corona’s (City’s) 2019 Climate Action Plan (CAP) Update (2019) to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, an inventory of the approximate GHG emissions that would result from implementation of the Modified Project, and an analysis of the significance of the impact of these GHG emissions. The analysis in this section is based in part on the following information:

Green River Ranch Specific Plan Amendment, SP00-001 Amendment No.1, Greenhouse Gas Analysis (GHG Analysis), dated June 14, 2024, and prepared by Urban Crossroads (Appendix H), City’s 2019 CAP Update (2019), and South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Interim California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) GHG Significance Threshold Guidance Document (2008).

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4.8.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

GHG-1 Generate GHG
emissions, either
directly or
indirectly, that may
have a significant
impact on the
environment?
GHG-2 Conflict with an
applicable plan,
policy or regulation
adopted for the
purpose of reducing
the emissions of
GHGs?

IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact GHG-1: Generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment?
Impact GHG-2: Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs?
Under changed circumstances the Modified Project resultsin new or more severe impacts requiring revisions to the 2001 EIR.

As stated in the GHG Analysis, the Modified Project would result in direct and indirect emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O and Refrigerants. Direct Project-related GHG emissions include emissions from construction activities, area sources, and mobile sources, while indirectsources include emissions from electricity consumption, water demand, and solid waste generation.

Project-related GHG emissions were quantified with CalEEMod Version 2022.1, which relies upon vehicle trip rates and Project-specific land use data to calculate emissions. As shown below in Table 4.8-1, the Modified Project would result in a total of approximately 19,208.02 MTCO2e/yr.

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Table 4.8-1: Project GHG Emissions
Emissions Source
Emissions (MT/yr)
CO2 CH4 N2O Refrigerants Total CO2e
Annual construction-related
emissions amortized over 30
years

87.36 3.07E-03 5.04E-03 5.12E-02 88.99
Mobile Source 13,952.83 0.48 1.18 19.90 14,336.03
Area Source 23.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.30
Energy Source 3,631.75 0.34 0.03 0.00 3,649.06
Water Usage 80.47 1.11 0.03 0.00 116.27
Waste 95.62 9.56 0.00 0.00 334.54
Refrigerants 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.73 52.73
On-Site Equipment 142.10
TRUs 407.70
Total CO2e (All Sources) 19,208.02
Source: Urban Crossroads, 2023 (Appendix H)
As noted previously, instead of showing consistency with an adopted numeric threshold of significance for GHG emissions, the City’s CAP utilizes a point system to show consistency through use of a point system. Calculation of the points is conducted using the CAP Screening Tables, which allocates points for specific features of a project or features that can be added to a project to obtain the necessary points. The points are based on the GHG reduction value of the feature. For this reason, the Modified Project’s GHG emissions of 19,208.02 MTCO2e/yr, is not specifically evaluated because the CAP implements a project efficiency based determination of consistency with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.4(b) by considering whether the Modified Project is consistent with applicable regulations or requirements adopted to implement a Statewide, regional, or local plan for the reduction or mitigation of GHG emissions.

The Modified Project shall show CAP consistency with the CAP through use of the Screening Table Measures to show the Project’s GHG reduction features obtain a minimum of 100 points.

The Modified Project would be consistent with the CAP’s requirement to achieve at least 100 points for both the residential and non-residential portions of the Project and thus the Project would be considered to have a less than significant individual and cumulatively considerable impact on GHG emissions. The City shall verify incorporation of the identified Screening Table Measures within the Project building plans and site designs prior to the issuance of building permit(s) and/or site plans (as applicable).

As previously stated, a minimum of 100 points will be required for both the residential and non-residential portions of the Modified Project. The City shall verify incorporation of the identified Screening Table Measures within the Project building plans and site designs prior to the issuance of building permit(s) and/or site plans (as applicable). Projects that achieve a total

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of 100 points or more are considered to have a less than significant individual and cumulative impact on GHG emissions.

In order to ensure the appropriate GHG reduction features are implemented, new Mitigation Measure MM GHG-1, shall be required to ensure each phase of the Modified Project includes applicable measures from the CAP Screening Tables (Appendix C to the CAP) to achieve a minimum of 100 points for both the residential and non-residential portions of the Modified Project. Alternatively, specific measures may be substituted for other measures that achieve an equivalent amount of GHG reduction, subject to City of Corona Building Division review.

As previously discussed, the Project would not generate significant GHG emissions, nor conflict with any applicable plan, policy or regulation. Therefore, a less than significant impact is expected with mitigation measure MM GHG-1 incorporated.

Overall, the Modified Project implemented under changed circumstances would result in new or more severe impacts requiring revisions to the Prior EIR.

Mitigation Measure
The Modified Project introduces the following Mitigation Measures and are further described in detail Section 4.8.10.
• MM GHG-1

4.8.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
GHG emissions impacts are assessed in a cumulative context, since no single project can cause a discernible change to climate. Climate change impacts are the result of incremental contributions from natural processes, and past and present human-related activities. Therefore, the area in which a proposed project in combination with other past, present, or future projects, could contribute to a significant cumulative climate change impact would not be defined by a geographical boundary such as a project site or combination of sites, city or air basin. Even though the emissions of GHGs cannot be defined by a geographic boundary and are effectively part of the global issue of climate change, CEQA places a boundary for the analysis of impacts at the state’s borders. Thus, the geographic area for analysis of cumulative GHG emissions impacts is the State of California. Therefore, the Modified Project would generate GHG emissions that would contribute to cumulative emissions in California.

The Modified Project would not generate significant GHG emissions, nor conflict with any applicable plan, policy or regulation with mitigation measure MM GHG-1 incorporated resulting in a less than significant impact. As a result, with the implementation of mitigation and GHG reduction strategies, the Modified Project’s cumulative GHG emissions would be considered less than significant.

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4.8.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures related to Greenhouse Gas Emissions were included in the 2001 EIR.

4.8.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT MM GHG-1: Prior to issuance of a building permit for each increment of development in the GRRSP, the Project applicant shall provide documentation to the City of Corona Building Division demonstrating that the improvements and/or buildings subject to a building permit application include the measures from the CAP GHG Emissions Screening Tables (Appendix C to the CAP), as needed to achieve a minimum of 100 points for both the residential and non-residential portions of the Project. Alternatively, specific measures may be substituted for other measures that achieve an equivalent amount of GHG reduction, subject to City of Corona Building Division review.

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4.9 HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

4.9.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing hazards and hazardous materials within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential changes in impacts to hazards and hazardous materials from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. Scoping Meeting comments from Bruce Fields were received pertaining to this topic. No NOP comment letters were received pertaining to this topic.

This section of the Draft SEIR is based in part on the Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Update Assessor’s Parcel Numbers (APNS) 101-180-014, -015, -037 AND -038 (ESA), prepared by GeoTek, Inc. (GeoTek), dated August 19, 2019 (Appendix J). The ESA addresses the proposed BPI Development (PAs 1, 2, 3) and future Estate Residential (PA 5) components of the Modified Project area.

4.9.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would not generate impacts related to hazards and hazardous materials. The Approved Project impact analysis related to hazards and hazardous materials as presented in the 2001 EIR as well as any mitigation measures identified to reduce significant impacts are summarized as follows. a) A risk of accidental explosion or release of hazardous substances? Potential land uses that could develop upon implementation of the Approved Project include office, light industrial, and retail uses that could entail transferring, storing, and dispensing limited amounts of oil and gasoline products. The 2001 EIR noted potential impacts are associated primarily with operation of light industrial and auto oriented commercial uses. In addition, hazardous materials such as pesticides, fertilizer, and paint products were disclosed in the 2001 EIR as being potentially stored and sold in conjunction with retail-oriented uses within the GRRSP. However, the prior EIR noted transportation, storage, and handling of such materials is routinely conducted at commercial facilities of this nature in accordance with federal and state safety standards. Consequently, the 2001 EIR concluded risk of accidental explosion or release of hazardous substances was considered less than significant and no mitigation was determined necessary.

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b) Possible interference with an emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?
Implementation of the Approved Project would result in new development in accordance with the land uses contained in the GRRSP. The Approved Project would not interfere with adopted emergency response or emergency evacuation plans. Consequently, the 2001 EIR concluded the Approved Project would not interfere with an emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan and impacts were considered less than significant requiring no mitigation. c) The creation of any health hazard or potential health hazard? The Approved Project proposed land uses in the GRRSP would allow development of business park/office commercial, retail, service, and residential uses. The non-residential components of the GRRSP could result in development of uses that store and dispense potentially hazardous materials as discussed in Section 4.9.2 a) above. The risk of accidental release of hazardous substances associated with the Approved Project was determined to be less than significant requiring no mitigation.
d) Exposure of people to existing sources of potential health hazards? No existing health hazards were identified in the GRRSP Planning Area. Exposure of people to existing health hazards resulting from implementation of the Approved Project was determined to be unlikely, as no existing health hazards were identified in the project vicinity.

Consequently, the 2001 EIR concluded the Approved Project would not expose people to existing sources of potential health hazards and impacts were considered less than significant requiring no mitigation.
e) Emissions within 0.25 mile of schools? (Air Quality) The 2001 EIR noted that no schools are located in the vicinity of the GRRSP Planning Area.

The nearest existing school, Prado View Elementary School, was determined to be located approximately 1.5 miles to the east of the Approve Project and no schools were known to be planned any closer than Prado View Elementary School.

Cumulative Impacts
Because the Approved Project would not result in an impact associated with hazards or hazardous materials, it can be concluded cumulative impacts would be less than significant as there were no other development projects that would produce impacts that would comingle with those from the Approved Project creating a significant agricultural impact over and above those at the Approved Project level. Therefore, cumulative impacts were determined to be less than significant requiring not mitigation.

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4.9.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The GRRSP Planning Area encompasses the area adjacent to Green River Road, east of the SR-91/Green River Road interchange and west of Dominguez Ranch Road. The Project site is largely undeveloped. However, the site is surrounded by residential development to the north (beyond the SR-91), vacant and disturbed land to the south, residential and commercial development to the east, and vacant and disturbed land to the west. Vacant areas are mostly covered with native vegetation, much of which consists of low-lying scrub. Elevations on site range from 1,110 feet in the southwestern corner of the property to 515 feet in the northeastern corner of the property.

The southern portion of the property is in an undeveloped natural condition dominated by rugged hillside terrain of the Santa Ana Mountains vegetated by grass, brush, scrub, and chaparral. Due to the topography of the property, development has been limited to the northern portion of the Specific Plan area. The eastern portion of the GRRSP Planning Area is occupied by two single-family residences. Several equestrian stables, one above water reservoir and a concrete lined stormwater basin related to prior horse boarding operations remain on-site.

Based on readily available historic information, the ESA determined the Site appears to have been vacant land from at least 1931 until approximately 1946. Two residential structures and associated agricultural land can be observed in the northeastern portion of the Site from at least 1946 until approximately 1987. From 1946 to the present, the above ground water reservoir can be seen on the northeast portion of the Site and the concrete lined stormwater basin can be seen near the eastern property line from 1953 to the present. Portions of the Site appear to have been used for agricultural fields from approximately 1946 to 1953. From 1987 to approximately 1990 a commercial building with surrounding parking areas can be observed.

Within the commercial building pad several floor tiles are currently present. Aerial photography from 1994 shows the central and northern portions of the Site being used as equestrian stables. There are numerous in-use and abandoned storage containers, farm equipment and vehicles, and various sized horse pens. By 1994 the site appears to be similar to the current condition. The surrounding properties appear to historically have been vacant and undeveloped land, or occupied by residential development, since at least 1938. The residential development to the east of the Site can first be observed in an aerial photograph dated 1990. The commercial development to the northeast can first be observed in an aerial photograph dated 1994.

4.9.4 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES (PDF)
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

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4.9.5 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) is a law developed to protect the water, air, and soil resources from the risks created by past chemical-disposal practices. This law is also referred to as the Superfund Act and regulates sites on the National Priority List (NPL), which are called Superfund sites.

Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act
In 1986, Congress passed the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act. Title III of this regulation may be cited as the “Emergency Planning and community Right-to-Know Act of 1986” (EPCRA). The Act required the establishment of state commissions, planning districts, and local committees to facilitate the preparation and implementation of emergency plan. Under the requirements, local emergency planning committees are responsible for developing a plan for preparing for and responding to a chemical emergency, including:
• An identification of local facilities and transportation routes where hazardous materials are present.
• The procedures for immediate response in case of an accident (this must include a community-wide evacuation plan).
• A plan for notifying the community that an incident has occurred. • The names of response coordinators at local facilities. • A plan for conducting drills to test the plan.

The emergency plan is reviewed by the State Emergency Response Commission and publicized throughout the community. The local emergency planning committee is required to review, test, and update the plan each year. The Riverside County Department of Environmental Health is responsible for coordinating hazardous material and disaster preparedness planning and appropriate response efforts with city departments and local and state agencies. The goal is to improve public- and private-sector readiness and to mitigate local impacts resulting from natural or man-made emergencies.

Another purpose of the EPCRA is to inform communities and citizens of chemical hazards in their areas. Sections 311 and 312 of EPCRA require businesses to report to state and local agencies the location and quantities of chemicals stored onsite. Under section 313 of EPCRA, manufacturers are required to report chemical releases for more than 600 designated chemicals.

In addition to chemical releases, regulated facilities are also required to report offsite transfers of waste for treatment or disposal at separate facilities, pollution prevention measures, and

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chemical recycling activities. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maintains the Toxic Release Inventory database that documents the information that regulated facilities are required to report annually.

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is the principal federal law that regulates generation, management, and transportation of hazardous waste. Hazardous waste management includes the treatment, storage, or disposal of hazardous waste.

STATE REGULATIONS
Hazardous Materials Release Notification
Many state statutes require emergency notification of a hazardous chemical release:
• California Health and Safety Codes Sections 25270.8, and 25507 • Vehicle Code Section 23112.5
• Public Utilities Code Section 7673, (PUC General Orders #22-B, 161) • Government Code Sections 51018, 8670.25.5 (a)
• Water Codes Sections 13271, 13272,
• California Labor Code Section 6409.1 (b)10
Requirements for immediate notification of all significant spills or threatened releases cover owners, operators, persons in charge, and employers. Notification is required regarding significant releases from facilities, vehicles, vessels, pipelines, and railroads. In addition, all releases that result in injuries or harmful exposure to workers must be immediately reported to the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration pursuant to the California Labor Code Section 6409.1(b).

Hazardous Materials Disclosure Programs
The Unified Program administered by the State of California consolidates, coordinates, and makes consistent the administrative requirements, permits, inspections, and enforcement activities for environmental and emergency management programs, which include: Hazardous Materials Release Response Plans and Inventories (business plans), the California Accidental Release Prevention (CalARP) Program, and the Underground Storage Tank (UST) Program.

The Unified Program is implemented at the local government level by Certified Unified Program Agencies (CUPAs).

The CUPA for the City of Corona is the Riverside County Department of Environmental Health (DEH), which is responsible for regulating hazardous waste and tiered permitting; underground storage tanks; aboveground storage tanks; and risk management plans.

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The Corona Fire Department (CFD) is a Participating Agency under the Certified Unified Program, and administers Hazardous Materials Release Response Plan and Inventory Program and Hazardous Materials Management Plans and Inventory and permits for handling underground storage and storage of hazardous materials pursuant to the Corona Fire Code.

Hazardous Materials Business Plans
Both the federal government (Code of Federal Regulations) and the State of California (California Health and Safety Code) require all businesses that handle more than a specified amount—or “reporting quantity”—of hazardous or extremely hazardous materials to submit a hazardous materials business plan to the CFD. According to City guidelines, the preparation, submittal, and implementation of a business plan is required by any business that handles a hazardous material or a mixture containing a hazardous material in specified quantities.

Business plans must include an inventory of the hazardous materials at the facility. Businesses must update their business plan and the chemical portion annually. Also, business plans must include emergency response plans and procedures to be used in the event of a significant or threatened significant release of a hazardous material. These plans need to identify the procedures for immediate notification of all appropriate agencies and personnel, identification of local emergency medical assistance appropriate for potential accident scenarios, contact information for all company emergency coordinators, a listing and location of emergency equipment at the business, an evacuation plan, and a training program for business personnel.

California Accidental Release Prevention Program
CalARP became effective on January 1, 1997, in response to Senate Bill 1889. CalARP aims to be proactive and therefore requires businesses to prepare risk management plans, which are detailed engineering analyses of the potential accident factors present at a business and the mitigation measures that can be implemented to reduce this accident potential. This requirement is coupled with the requirements for preparation of hazardous materials business plans under the Unified Program, implemented by the CUPA.

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Leaking USTs have been recognized since the early 1980s as the primary cause of groundwater contamination from gasoline compounds and solvents. In California, regulations aimed at protecting against UST leaks have been in place since 1983 (Health and Safety Code). This occurred one year before RCRA was amended to add Subtitle I, requiring UST systems to be installed in accordance with standards that address the prevention of future leaks. The State Water Resources Control Board has been designated the lead California regulatory agency in the development of UST regulations and policy.

Older tanks are typically single-walled steel tanks. Many of these have leaked as a result of corrosion, punctures, and detached fittings. As a result, the State of California required the

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replacement of older tanks with new double-walled fiberglass tanks with flexible connections and monitoring systems. UST owners were given 10 years to comply with the new requirements—deadline was December 22, 1998. However, many UST owners did not act by the deadline, so the state granted an extension for their replacement ending January 1, 2002.

The California Regional Water Quality Control Boards, in cooperation with the Office of Emergency Services, maintain an inventory of leaking USTs in a statewide database.

California Code of Regulations, Title 22, Division 4.5
Title 22, Division 4.5, of the California Code of Regulations (CCR) sets forth the requirements for hazardous waste generators; transporters; and owners or operators of treatment, storage, or disposal facilities. These regulations include the requirements for packaging, storage, labeling, reporting, and general management of hazardous waste prior to shipment. In addition, the regulations identify standards applicable to transporters of hazardous waste. These regulations specify the requirements for transporting shipments of hazardous waste, including manifesting, vehicle registration, and emergency accidental discharges during transportation.

California Fire Code
The California Fire Code (CCR Title 24 Part 9) sets forth requirements including those for building materials and methods pertaining to fire safety and life safety, fire protection systems in buildings, emergency access to buildings, and handling and storage of hazardous materials.

The city adopts the update to the CFC every three years.

California Building Code
The California Building Code requires the installation and maintenance of smoke alarms in residential dwelling units:
• CCR Title 24, Part 2, Section 907.2.11.2. Smoke alarms shall be installed and maintained on the ceiling or wall outside of each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of bedrooms. In each room used for sleeping purposes, and in each story within a dwelling unit. The smoke alarms shall be interconnected.

Evacuation Routes
Government Code Section 65302 requires the Safety Element of a General Plan to address evacuation routes. The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) Safety Element checklist also requires cities to address evacuation routes. In addition, Senate Bill 99 (2018) requires a Safety Element, upon the next revision of the housing element on or after January 1, 2020, to include information identifying residential developments in hazard areas that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes.

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REGIONAL REGULATIONS
South Coast Air Quality Management District
SCAQMD Rule 1403 governs the demolition of buildings containing asbestos materials. Rule 1403 specifies work practices with the goal of minimizing asbestos emissions during building demolition and renovation activities, including the removal and associated disturbance of asbestos-containing material (ACM). The requirements for demolition and renovation activities include asbestos surveying, notification, ACM removal procedures and time schedules, ACM handling and cleanup procedures, and storage and disposal requirements for asbestos-containing waste materials.

Riverside County Department of Environmental Health
In the SOI, the DEH is responsible for all components of the CUPA program described above, including Hazardous Materials Business Plans and hazardous materials inventories, for which CFD is responsible within the City of Corona.

Hazardous Waste Transporters and Disposal Facilities
The DEH list of hazardous waste transporters includes six in western Riverside County, including three in Corona (DEH 2015). No landfills in Riverside County accept hazardous waste; one landfill in surrounding counties, the Clean Harbors Westmoreland Landfill Facility near the City of Westmoreland in Imperial County, accepts such wastes (SWRCB 2016).

Two facilities in western Riverside County—one in the City of Corona and one in the City of Riverside—are listed by DEH as accepting universal wastes which include televisions, computers, and other electronic devices as well as batteries, fluorescent lamps, mercury thermostats, and other mercury-containing equipment (DEH 2014).

CAL FIRE, County of Riverside Unit Strategic Plan
The California Strategic Plan is implemented through individual “unit plans” that are prepared for different regions of the state. CAL FIRE has adopted a Riverside Unit Fire Plan that covers Riverside County and the agency’s priorities for prevention, protection, and suppression of wildfires. The overall goal of the Riverside County Unit Fire Plan is to reduce total costs and losses from wildland fire in the unit by protecting assets at risk through focused prefire management prescriptions and increasing initial attack success.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
The City of Corona has prepared a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) to identify the City’s hazards, review and assess past disaster occurrences, estimate the probability of future occurrences, and set goals to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from

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natural and man-made hazards. Wildfire hazard is rated the second highest risk of the 23 hazards evaluated, after earthquakes. The LHMP contains a series of goals and mitigation programs to address each of the hazards.

City of Corona Emergency Operations Plan
The City of Corona has prepared an Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) to address the City’s planned response to natural disasters, technological incidents, and national security emergencies. The EOP does not address normal day-to-day emergencies or the wellestablished and routine procedures used in coping with such emergencies. The EOP’s operational concepts focus on potential large-scale disasters that can generate unique situations requiring unusual emergency responses. The EOP’s emergency management goals are:

1. Provide effective life safety measures and reduce property losses.

2. Provide for the rapid resumption of impacted businesses and community services.

3. Provide accurate documentation and records required for cost recovery efforts.

Corona Standards of Coverage Study and Fire Strategic Plan The Corona Fire Department sets the vision, mission, business operations and guiding principles for the department by means of a strategic plan. The purpose of the strategic plan is so that the members of the organization can envision its future and develop the necessary procedures and operations to achieve that future. The strategic plan is a foundational plan that assists the department in preparing annual fiscal year budgets, master plans, and other related activities it is required to perform. Although the planning period is eight years, it is updated annually to assess service levels, performance, and other needed functions that may change during the course of a year.

Corona Municipal Code
Chapter 2.52, Emergency Management Organization, provides for the preparation and carrying out of plans to protect people and property within the City of Corona during an emergency or disaster event.
• Section 2.52.060 establishes a Disaster Council in the event there is an emergency or disaster event in the City. The Disaster Council include the Fire Chief, who shall be the Council Chair, and member of the Riverside County Disaster Council, unless otherwise stated by the City Manager, and the Disaster Council shall include the Fire Department Emergency Services Director.
• Section 2.52.090 indicates that the Fire Chief shall be the Emergency Services Director and shall appoint an Emergency Services Coordinator.

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• Section 2.52.120 established the Corona Fire Department Office of Emergency Services, which consists of positions that may be established by the City Council by resolution. The Corona Fire Department are assigned the office and its responsibilities. • Section 2.52.130 establishes the position of Emergency Services Coordinator, which the Fire Chief shall appoint. The Emergency Services Coordinator, and associated duties, is assigned to the Fire Department, and the person serving that position is assigned to the Emergency Services Director.

Chapter 15.16, Fire Hazard Severity Zones, outlines the authority of the Fire Chief in determining Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFHSZ) and creating a VHFHSZ map. • In Section 15.16.010, the City Council delegates authority to its Fire Chief to designate within the City VHFHSZs as required by California Government Code Section 51175 et seq. and other applicable state and federal laws, rules, and regulations. The Fire Chief has the authority to make any future revisions to the VHFHSZ in accordance with state and federal laws, rules, and regulations.
• In Section 15.16.020, the Fire Chief shall prepare and maintain a map titled the “City of Corona Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in LRA” (“VHFHSZ Map”) to show the VHFHSZ within the City. The Fire Chief has the authority to make any future revisions to the VHFHSZ Map in accordance with state and federal laws, rules, and regulations.
• In Section 15.16.040, the VHFHSZ Map is intended to be used in conjunction with the most current edition of the California Building Code, and supersedes any other maps previously adopted by the City designating high fire hazard areas. The Building Official shall be responsible for enforcing provisions of the code and other applicable law which may be applicable to property identified on the VHFHSZ Map within the City, pursuant to Section 3202, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations and other applicable state and federal laws, rules, and regulations.

City of Corona 2020–2040 General Plan
Environmental Resources Element
Policy ER-1.2 Require all public and private grading and construction activities to minimize adverse impacts on the City’s water resources through the use of best management practices, as established and updated from time to time by the City of Corona.

Policy ER-1.3 Implement standard conditions of approval on development and related projects that require appropriate mediation strategies if soil or groundwater contamination is encountered during project grading and construction.

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Policy ER-1.4 Prohibit the discharge of toxins, debris, refuse, and other contaminants into watercourses, other drainages, water bodies, and groundwater basins. Work with appropriate entities to ensure the cleanup of contamination of existing water resources.

Healthy Community Element
Policy HC-2.1 Require that proposals for new sensitive land uses and/or industrial and commercial uses incorporate the adequate use of setbacks, barriers, landscaping, or other design measures as necessary to minimize air quality impacts and achieve appropriate health standards.

Policy HC-2.2 Designate and maintain truck routes that are sufficient to serve the needs of industry and commerce while avoiding residential areas, schools, or other sensitive land uses so as to minimize exposure to the noise, air pollution, and vibration associated with trucks.

Policy HC-2.4 Ensure that individuals, neighborhoods, and businesses clearly understand the potential for adverse pollution, noise, odor, vibration, and lighting and glare, and the effects of toxic materials or emissions when generating uses are proposed near them.

Policy HC-2.6 Apply and enforce performance standards with respect to fire and explosion hazards, radio frequency or electrical disturbance, noise and vibration, dust, smoke, glare, underground storage tanks, or other potential sources of exposure to pollution.

Policy HC-4.6 Support housing construction practices, where initiated by developers, that are free from asbestos, volatile organic compounds, and other chemicals known to be hazards.

Land Use Element
Policy LU-2.1 Locate and design development to reflect Corona’s unique physical setting considering its natural topography, environmental resources, natural hazards, and opportunities for views in accordance with this plan’s policies.

Policy LU-4.3 Allow for the development of vacant lands on the periphery of existing development that complements the scale and pattern of existing uses; protects significant plant, animal, and other natural environmental resources; protects development and population from natural hazards; and where it is logical and feasible to extend infrastructure.

Policy LU-10.3 Minimize the removal of native landscape and integrate with new residential development, to the extent feasible and practical for fire control; require adherence to building construction and site designs necessary to minimize risks from wildfire, such as implementation of fuel modification areas, concrete tile roofs and boxed eaves.

Policy LU-10.4 Require that new development and major rehabilitations be located, designed, and built to maintain natural drainages, riparian vegetation, and the viability of habitats, except as necessary to protect from flooding or wildfire, or that impacted areas be properly mitigated.

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Policy LU-12.7 Regulate the development of industrial uses (consistent with local regulation and state law) that use, store, produce, or transport toxic and hazardous materials; generate unacceptable levels of air or noise pollution; or result in other adverse impacts.

Policy LU-16.1 Accommodate open spaces that can be used for recreation and conserved to protect significant plant and animal habitats and population from the risks of flood, fire, and seismic hazards in accordance with the designations of the land use plan.

Policy LU-16.7 Work with Corona Fire, CAL FIRE and Forest Service and with property owners in affected areas to reduce and minimize the hazards associated with wildfire in the hillsides and open spaces, consistent with the goals and policies of the safety element.

Policy LU-22.10 Collaborate with local, county, and regional governmental agencies to provide water, sewer, public safety, fire response, and other appropriate municipal services; coordinate emergency response services through mutual and automatic aid agreements.

Circulation Element
Policy CE-1.11 Provide all residential, commercial, and industrial areas with efficient and safe access for emergency vehicles, including undeveloped areas or those on the hillsides in high or very high fire hazard severity zones.

Infrastructure and Utilities Element
Policy IU-6.7 Continue to work with providers and businesses to educate the community and to provide household hazardous material, used oil, and electronic waste collection for the community.

Public Safety Element
Policy PS-3.1 Enforce federal and state regulations and local ordinances in accordance with Certified Unified Program Agency requirements that require all users, producers and transporters of hazardous materials and waste to clearly identify materials that they store, use or transport, and make available emergency response plans, emergency release reports, hazardous material inventory reports, and toxic chemical release reports to reduce the risk from natural or other hazards and effectively protect the community.

Policy PS-3.2 Require projects to comply with applicable land use regulation, building and fire codes, and local ordinances; determine the need for buffer zones/setbacks, building modifications, site design, operational changes, or other measures to minimize risk from hazardous materials.

Policy PS-3.8 Require property owners of contaminated sites to develop and implement, at their own expense, a site remediation plan to the satisfaction of the Riverside County and the California Department of Toxic Substances Control.

Policy PS-3.9 Minimize the potential risk of contamination to surface water and groundwater resources and implement restoration efforts to resources adversely impacted by past urban and rural land use activities.

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Policy PS-7.1 Require larger developments to incorporate site design features that help ensure maximum visibility and security for entrances, pathways, streets and sidewalks, corridors, public and private open space, and parking lots and structures.

Policy PS-7.2 Require the incorporation of appropriate lighting that provides adequate exterior illumination around commercial, business park, public spaces, parking lots, and multifamily structures.

Policy PS-7.3 Work with traffic engineers to develop methods through design, enforcement, and engineering to reduce the volume and severity of vehicle, pedestrian, and bicycling accidents citywide and around sensitive land uses such as schools, apartments, and other highly traveled uses.

Policy PS-7.5 Require large-scale retail developments to incorporate video surveillance security systems within their facilities and grounds to monitor open public spaces and, where appropriate and feasible, provide office space for police facilities.

Policy PS-8.2 Ensure that fire staff at all levels are sufficient in number and appropriately trained to effectively plan and respond to all types of fire and related emergencies in the community.

Policy PS-9.4 Maintain safe and accessible evacuation routes throughout the community; take precautions and ensure backup or mitigations for routes crossing high hazard areas (e.g., flood, seismic, high fire, etc.).

Policy PS-10.2 Require all improved and new homes, structures, and facilities in the very high fire hazard severity zones to adhere to additional fire safe design standards consistent with state law and local practice.

Policy PS-10.3 Require all improved and new developments to be thoroughly reviewed for their impact on safety and the provision of fire protection services as part of the development review process.

Policy PS-10.4 Require new and rehabilitated homes and structures to meet or exceed City fire prevention standards and state law, including building access, construction design, sprinklers, and others as required by Corona Fire.

Policy PS-10.5 Require all new commercial, industrial, institutional, multiple-unit housing, mixed-use, and one- and two-family dwelling developments to install fire protection systems and encourage the use of automatic sprinkler systems where not required by local codes and ordinances.

Policy PS-10.6 Require fuel modification plans and vegetation clearance standards for development in VHFHSZs to protect structures from wildfire, protect wildlands from structure fires, and provide safe access routes for the community and firefighters.

Policy PS-10.7 Condition approval of parcel maps and tentative maps in VHFHSZs based on meeting or exceeding the SRA Fire Safe Regulations and the fire hazard reduction around buildings and structures regulations.

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Policy PS-10.8 Coordinate with the Department of Water and Power to ensure that adequate water supply and flows are available for firefighting; where inadequate, ensure provision of off-site water supply and transport.

Policy PS-10.9 Continue to require visible premise identification and signage per Corona’s Premise Identification Guideline that meet or exceed SRA and CFC requirements.

4.9.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City, significant hazards and hazardous materials impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Projectrelated component would:

Threshold HAZ-1 Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials? Threshold HAZ-2 Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment?
Threshold HAZ-3 Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school?
Threshold HAZ-4 Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code § 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment? Threshold HAZ-5 For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area?
Threshold HAZ-6 Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?
Threshold HAZ-7 Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires? (SEE SEIR SECTION 4.20 - WILDFIRE)

METHODOLOGY
As indicated previously, a Phase I ESA Update was prepared addressing hazardous conditions on the proposed BPI Development (PAs 1, 2, 3) and future Estate Residential (PA 5) components of the Modified Project area. The purpose of ESA was to identify and evaluate actual and potential environmental conditions involving the subject site. It was not the purpose of this assessment to determine the degree or extent of contamination, if any, but rather the

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potential for contamination. The scope of work performed therefore focused on general characterizations of environmental concerns based on reasonably ascertainable information and observations. The ESA was conducted in accordance with ASTM E 1527-13 and included the following tasks:
• A reconnaissance of the Site and surrounding properties to visually assess current utilization and indications of potential surface contamination. This was accomplished by driving the Site boundaries, and then traversing the Site until the entire Site had been surveyed.
• A reconnaissance of the surrounding area for approximately one-half mile was conducted, without entering the properties, making observations concerning property uses, conditions, and housekeeping.
• An environmental database report was obtained from a data service provider. This database report compiles and locates documented “hazardous waste” facilities within specific minimum search distances as defined by ASTM E 1527-13. If necessary, additional information on identified facilities was gathered by a file review at the appropriate federal, state, local, and/or tribal regulatory agency.

4.9.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

HAZ-1 Create a significant hazard
to the public or the
environment through the
routine transport, use, or
disposal of hazardous
materials?
HAZ-2 Create a significant hazard
to the public or the
environment through
reasonably foreseeable
upset and accident
conditions involving the
release of hazardous
materials into the
environment?

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HAZ-3 Emit hazardous emissions
or handle hazardous or
acutely hazardous
materials, substances, or
waste within one-quarter
mile of an existing or
proposed school?
HAZ-4 Be located on a site which
is included on a list of
hazardous materials sites
compiled pursuant to
Government Code §
65962.5 and, as a result,
would it create a
significant hazard to the
public or the environment?
HAZ-5 For a project located
within an airport land use
plan or, where such a plan
has not been adopted,
within two miles of a
public airport or public use
airport, would the project
result in a safety hazard or
excessive noise for people
residing or working in the
project area?
HAZ-6 Impair implementation of
or physically interfere with
an adopted emergency
response plan or
emergency evacuation
plan?
HAZ-7 Expose people or
structures, either directly
or indirectly, to a
significant risk of loss,
injury or death involving
wildland fires?

IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact HAZ-1: Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use or disposal of hazardous materials? Impact HAZ-2: Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment?

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Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

No changes in the location, size, or boundaries of the GRRSP Planning Area boundary have occurred since adoption of the GRRSP in 2001. As discussed in the Project Description, the Modified Project would modify the size and boundaries of the GRRSP, however minimally in the northern portion of the Project site. In addition, the eastern portion of the Modified Project has been slightly expanded to incorporate appropriate grading limits within the hilly terrain.

All fuels, solvents and other materials used during construction of each phase of the Modified Project would be required to comply with applicable standards and regulations related to hazardous materials and hazardous waste as discussed in the 2001 EIR. Nonetheless, development of the GRRSP as proposed for amendment would result in an incremental increase over existing conditions in the potential for accidental releases of hazardous materials during routine transportation and disposal of hazardous materials. All materials used during construction and operation would be required to comply with applicable standards and regulations related to hazardous waste as specified in the 2001 EIR and as currently regulated through existing procedures and therefore no new or substantially greater impacts would occur.

The Modified Project’s impacts associated with hazards from routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials and from the release of hazardous materials from upset and accident conditions would be less than significant and no mitigation is required. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR This topic will not be evaluated further in this SEIR.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact HAZ-3: Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

As noted in the Prior EIR, there were no schools within 0.25 mile of the Approved Project. No schools have been built within 0.25 mile of the Modified Project since approval of the Approved Project. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project as compared to the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

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Impact HAZ-4: Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 67962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment?
The Modified Project would result in new or more severe impacts requiring revisions to the Prior EIR.

The ESA prepared to assess hazardous conditions affecting the BPI Development and ER portions of the Modified Project found these properties do not appear on the hazardous database reports obtained for the assessment. There is one adjacent facility to the northeast listed on the California Environmental Reporting System (CERS) Hazardous Waste, CERS TANKS, facility and Manifest Data (HAZNET), Underground Storage Tank (UST), and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) NonGen databases. This facility is listed Kaykel Investments Properties DBA Green River 76 located at 4350 Green River Road. The CERS Hazardous Waste and TANKS have CERS descriptions listed as “Hazardous Waste Generator” and “Underground Storage Tank”, respectively. There are multiple violations described that have all been returned to compliance. The HAZNET listing lists the waste code as “aqueous solution with total organic residues less than 10 percent with the disposal method listed as “other recovery of reclamation for reuse including acid regeneration”. The UST database lists four tanks total. The RCRA Non-Gen database lists the classification as “nongenerator” with a description of “handler: non-generators do not presently generate hazardous waste” with no violations found. There are 24 additional facilities listed on the database report within the various search distances specified by ASTM E 1527-13. Due to the status listings, distances and/or locations (hydro-geologically down-or crossgradient), these facilities do not represent an environmental concern to the Site. Therefore, the ESA determined no evidence exists of a recognized environmental condition in connection with the subject Site. However, the ESA noted that prior to demolition of any of the existing Site structures, existing federal and state regulations require asbestos-containing materials (ACM) and lead-based paint (LBP) surveys be performed.

In addition, there is evidence of an environmental concern at the subject Site that is a common concern frequently found on properties with former historical agricultural use. The northern portion of the Site has historically been used for agricultural purposes from at least 1946 to at least 1953. Historically, some agricultural sites have utilized pesticides that are currently considered a health risk and no longer used and consideration should be given to performing limited site testing of near surface soils prior to site preparation and grading in order to test for elevated concentrations of these chemicals. This is significant impact requiring mitigation.

Implementation of new Mitigation Measure MM HAZ-1 would reduce the impact to less than significant.

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Overall, the Modified Project implemented under changed circumstances would result in new or more severe impacts requiring revisions to the Prior EIR.

Mitigation Measure
The Modified Project introduces the following Mitigation Measures further described in detail Section 4.9.10.
• MM HAZ-1
Impact HAZ-5: For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area? Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

There are no public or private airports in the vicinity of the GRRSP Planning Area that would be affect or be affected by the Modified Project. Development of the Modified Project would not result in a safety hazard for people residing or working within the GRRSP Planning Area.

No new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project. The Modified Project’s impacts regarding public and private airports are consistent with the impacts identified in the Prior EIR and the level of impact (no impact) remains unchanged. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact HAZ-6: Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The Modified Project would be designed, constructed, and maintained in accordance with applicable standards associated with vehicular and emergency access, which would ensure that access would be properly provided for adequate emergency access and evacuation to and from each phase of the Modified Project’s development. Access to the BPI Development site would be provided to and from Green River Road via Street “A” and emergency vehicle access would be provided via a driveway on Dominguez Ranch Road. Traffic from all of the Modified Project would not use Fresno Road for site access. Construction activities that could

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temporarily restrict vehicular traffic on public roadways would be required to implement a Traffic Management Plan as part of building permit approval to ensure adequate access is maintained. Compliance with existing regulations for emergency access and evacuation would ensure impacts related to emergency access and response is less than significant and no mitigation is required.

Members of the public expressed concerns regarding the Modified Project’s potential to further limit the ability for emergency response vehiclesto travel along Green River Road, Dominguez Ranch Road, and other roadways in the vicinity when responding to calls during congested weekday a.m. and p.m. peak commute periods. These concerns were expressed at the public scoping meeting held at City Hall on September 22, 2022 and in letter/email form in response to the Notice of Preparation distributed for review August 29, 2022 through September 28, 2022. The following analysis addresses these concerns.

At the time the 2001 EIR was prepared, the area currently proposed for BPI land uses in revised PAs 1, 2, and 3 was planned for Mixed-Use (MU) land uses as shown in the existing GRRSP.

Because this MU land use category allows a wide range of land use types, analysis of impacts was conducted based on development of retail shopping uses. These uses entail the highest trip generation potential and therefore was used in the analysis assumptions of the Approved Project in the 2001 EIR in order to ensure impacts associated with air quality, noise and traffic were adequately assesses and not underestimated. Section 4.2 of the 2001 EIR estimated trip generation for the Approved Project to be 11,207 trips per day with 913 occurring during the a.m. peak hour and 965 occurring during the p.m. peak hour. As identified in Section 4.17 of this SEIR, trip generation for the Modified Project is estimated to be 4,370 trips per day with 429 occurring during the a.m. peak hour and 386 occurring during the p.m. peak hour. Table

4.9.A summaries the trip generation estimates contained in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project and in Section 4.17 of this SEIR for the Modified Project.

Table 4.9-1: Trip Generation Comparison Approved Project vs. Modified Project Estimate Daily
Trip Generation
A.M. Peak Hour
Trip Generation
P.M. Peak Hour
Trip Generation
Approved Project 11,207 913 965
Modified Project 4,370 429 386
Trip Reduction
(Percent Decrease)
6,837
(61.0%)
484
(53.0%)
579
(60.0%)
Source: Urban Crossroads (Appendix P)
As shown in Table 4.9.A, the Modified Project would result in a substantially reduced trip generation in comparison to the Approved Project. On a daily basis the Modified Project would generate approximately 61% fewer trips per day, approximately 53% fewer trips in the a.m.

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peak commute hour, approximately 60% fewer trips in the p.m. peak commute hour Approved Project.

Traffic conditions at the time the 2001 EIR was approved were similarly congested as they are currently. Although improvements to SR-91 and Green River Road have been constructed and completed, regional population growth has outpaced these improvements and traffic congestion persists. Nonetheless, this congestion is an existing condition not created by the Modified Project and traffic congestions is no longer used as the definition of a traffic impact.

For these reasons and based on the substantially reduced quantity of trips estimated for the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project, it reasonable to conclude the Modified Project’s impacts associated with physical interference with an adopted emergency response plan are consistent with the impacts identified in the Prior EIR and the level of impact (less than significant) remains unchanged. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project as compared to the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact HAZ-7: Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires? See Section 4.20 of this SEIR for a detailed analysis of the Wildfire topic is currently required under CEQA.

4.9.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

Project-specific hazardous material impacts resulting from individual future development projects will be mitigated via application of applicable regulations or addressed separately in future CEQA documents. Anticipated future development will contribute through increases in population and the number of outlets that transport or dispose of hazardous materials, to a cumulative increase in risk for hazardous material incidents. Although each project has unique hazardous materials considerations, future cumulative projects would comply with the local, State, and Federal regulations and requirements as these are required for all development projects. As a result, cumulative impacts associated with hazardous materials would be less than significant.

Cumulative aircraft hazard impacts consist of future development within the boundaries of applicable Airport Land Use Plan (ALUP) accident potential zones. The risk to or from each

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future project is based on the specific accident potential zone. The risks associated with development in these accident potential zones can only be reduced through conformance with land use guidelines and policies identified by the ALUP. Because the surrounding cities as well as the County of Riverside have implemented comprehensive land use plans that incorporate applicable ALUP recommendations, it is anticipated cumulative development within the accident potential zones would in a less than significant cumulative impact associated with aircraft accident hazards.

Similar to the conclusions for the Approved Project contained in the 2001 EIR, the Modified Project would be required to comply with local, State, and Federal regulations and requirements related to hazardous materials. With adherence to these measures, the Modified Project’s impacts would not be cumulatively considerable. Therefore, the Modified Project would not result in a change in cumulative impacts that would require further analysis and the level of impact would remain the same as can be inferred from the time the 2001 EIR was certified.

4.9.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures related to hazards and hazardous materials were included in the 2001 EIR.

4.9.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT MM HAZ-1: Prior to issuance of a demolition permit for each phase of development requiring demolition and removal of onsite structures, the Project applicant shall provide documentation to the City of Corona Building Division demonstrating that the improvements and/or buildings subject to a demolition permit application include survey testing for asbestos-containing materials (ACM) and lead-based paints (LBP) in accordance with existing federal and state regulations.

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4.10 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY

4.10.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides an overview of the existing hydrology and water quality within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential short-term and long-term hydrology and water quality impacts from implementation of the Modified Project. Mitigation measures are recommended as necessary to reduce significant impacts. No NOP comment letters, or Scoping Meeting comments were received pertaining to this topic.

This section of the Draft SEIR is based on the Preliminary Drainage Report (Drainage Report), prepared by KWC Engineers dated December 2022 (Appendix K-1), and the Project Specific Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP), Revised December 12, 2022, KWC Engineers (Appendix K-2).

4.10.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGIATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR screened out impacts associated with ground water quality and quantity, and ground water flow as a less than significant impact was determined. All further impacts were analyzed in detail 2001 EIR.

The Approved Project impact analysis related to water quality as presented in the 2001 EIR as well as any mitigation measures identified to reduce significant impacts are summarized as follows:
a) Substantial degradation of water quality.

The 2001 EIR determined, adherence to applicable standards, permits, regulations, and/or clearances of the Corps, the RWQCB, and the CDFG, as included in mitigation measures MM

4.11.1A and 4.11.1B, potential impacts related to water quality to a less than significant level.

The 2001 included MM 4.11.1A which required the Project applicant to obtain all permits and clearances from the Corps, the RWQCB, and the CDFG prior to the disturbance of any existing drainage. In addition, the 2001 EIR included MM 4.11.1B of which the Approved Project’s drainage facilities within engineered slopes/fills shall be designed and installed in accordance with the City of Corona standards. Furthermore, 2001 EIR determined wetlands are absent from the Approved Project site. Impacts were determined to be less than significant with implementation of mitigation.
b) Substantial degradation or depletion of groundwater resources.

The 2001 EIR determined with implementation of mitigation potential impacts associated with any increase in the amount of surface runoff would be reduced to less significant levels. The

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2001 stated the Approved Project involves significant alterations to the existing topography and drainage of the site, including the installation of impermeable surfaces that will increase surface flows and the current drainage structures may be insufficient to handle the increased flows (including 100-year storm) resulting from the Approved Project. With adherence to mitigation measure MM 4.11.2A and 4.11.2B, the 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project’s storm drain plan would maintain natural drainage patterns and handle the increased flows, ultimately reducing the volume of downstream storm flows to a level manageable by the existing culverts.
c) Substantial flooding, erosion, or siltation.

The 2001 determined with implementation of mitigation potential impacts associated with erosion and sedimentation were reduced to less than significant level. The 2001 EIR stated the Approved Project will require the substantial modification of existing on-site slopes and/or construction of manufactured slopes. In addition, exposed cuts/slopes will be prone to erosion, which may affect the quality/quantity of surface runoff. As a result, the 2001 EIR required the implementation of mitigation measures MM 4.11.3A through 4.11.3D to reduce the temporary construction or longterm impacts associated with final development to a less than significant level.
d) Substantial change of existing flowpaths, substantial redirection of storm runoff, or realignment of flood control channel.

Implementation of the Approved Project was determined in the 2001 EIR to increase the amount of impermeable surfaces on site. In addition the Approved Project runoff will contain pollutants typically associated with urban use, such as oil and rubber residues, fertilizers, pesticides, detergents and hydrocarbon particles which may incrementally degrade surface water quality downstream of the Project site, therefore requiring mitigation. The 2001 EIR required the installation of “stormceptors” (MM 4.11.4A) and adherence to applicable standards of the Santa Ana RWQCB (MM 4.11.4B) would reduce potential impacts associated with this issue to a less than significant level. The 2001 EIR determined with implementation of mitigation measures MM 4.11.4A and MM 4.11.4B the Approved Project’s drainage system will be designed, installed, and maintained in such a manner as to reduce potential impacts to water quality to a less than significant level.

Cumulative Impacts
The 2001 EIR stated the cumulative development will have an impact on regional flooding due to the increase in impervious ground cover and urban runoff associated with increased development. As such, the 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would contribute to regional runoff; however, the Approved drainage plan for the GRRSP area is intended to manage and regulate potential flooding and downstream impacts to soils, vegetation or other development. In addition, other projects at that time in the City and/or County must also

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comply with the applicable General Plan Policies for drainage improvements. Furthermore the 2001 EIR determined, review of flood control facilities/plans for other projects in the vicinity can serve to mitigate additional downstream flooding impacts and regional flood control planning such as that conducted by the Corps can serve to further mitigate cumulative impacts related to flooding. The 2001 EIR determined, with implementation of mitigation measures

4.11.1 through 4.11.4, cumulative impacts would be mitigated to a less than significant level.

4.10.3 ENIVRIONMENTAL SETTING
Regional Drainage
As previously stated, the City resides within the regional Santa Ana River Watershed, a flood control zone monitored by the Santa Ana RWQCB that covers portions of the Counties of Riverside, Orange, and San Bernardino. Within Riverside County, this regional watershed is subdivided into the Santa Ana Sub-watershed (of which the City lies within) and the San Jacinto River Sub-watershed. The Santa Ana Sub-watershed consists of the Santa Ana River and its tributaries and the San Jacinto River Sub-watershed includes the San Jacinto River and its tributaries that overflow into the Santa Ana River only in high volume storm events.

Ultimately, all channels converge with the Santa Ana River where downstream ends of the channel travel through Orange County prior to emptying into the Pacific Ocean.

Local Surface Waters
The Santa Ana Sub-watershed is also further subdivided into smaller sub-watersheds based on major tributary channels that feed into the Santa Ana River. The City lies within two of these smaller sub-watersheds: the Middle Santa Ana River Sub-watershed and the Temescal Wash Sub-watershed. The Middle Santa Ana River Sub-watershed is located in the northwest corner of Riverside County and covers a total tributary area of 170 square miles that generally drains westwards towards the Santa Ana River. Tributaries to this sub-watershed include: Temescal Creek, Tequesquite Arroyo (Sycamore Creek), Day Creek, and San Sevaine Creek. The Temescal Sub-watershed covers 250 square miles and is defined as the tributary area draining into the Temescal Wash, also known as Temescal Creek, that connects Lake Elsinore with the Santa Ana River.

Tributaries to the Temescal Wash include Wasson Canyon Wash, Arroyo Del Toro, Stovepipe Canyon Wash, Rice Canyon Wash, and Lee Lake. A majority of Corona lies within this subwatershed, and the drainage channels that run through the City that tie into the Temescal Wash include Arlington Channel, Main Street Channel, Oak Street Drain, Joseph Canyon Wash, and Bedford Wash.

Existing Drainage
The GRRSP Planning Area is approximately 160 acres of vacant land situated in the hills to the northeast of the City of Corona adjacent to Green River Road. The Modified Project site is

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generally bounded to the north and east by the vacant land and SR 91 and SR 71, to the south by hillside, and to the west by vacant land/commercial.

The GRRSP Planning area consists of sparsely vegetated and otherwise undeveloped land with the exception of dirt roads. The Modified Project site is characterized by flat topography with hillside on the south which introduces offsite flow into the site. The hill side to the south is characterized by steep topography, generally increasing in elevation from the south to the north. Small ravines are present which convey the natural drainage across the Project site.

4.10.4 EXISITING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
Clean Water Act
The Clean Water Act (CWA) established the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into "waters of the U.S." The Act specifies a variety of regulatory and non-regulatory tools to sharply reduce direct pollutant discharges into waterways, finance municipal wastewater treatment facilities, and manage polluted runoff. Key components of the Clean Water Act that are relevant to the proposed Project are:
• Sections 303 and 304, which provide for water quality standards, criteria, and guidelines. Section 303(d) requires the state to develop lists of water bodies that do not attain water quality objectives (are impaired) after implementation of required levels of treatment by point-source dischargers(municipalities and industries). Section 303(d) also requires that the state develop Total Maximum Daily Loads {TMDLs) for each of the listed pollutants. The TMDL is the amount of pollutant loading that the water body can receive and still be in compliance with water quality objectives. After implementation of the TMDL, it is anticipated that the contamination that led to the 303(d) listing would be remediated. Preparation and management of the Section 303(d) list is administered by the Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCBs). • Section 401 requires activities that may result in a discharge to a federal water body to obtain a water quality certification to ensure that the proposed activity would comply with applicable water quality standards.
• Section 402 regulates point- and nonpoint-source discharges to surface waters through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. In California, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) oversees the NPDES program, which is administered by the local RWQCBs. The NPDES program provides both general permits {those that cover a number of similar or related activities) and individual permits.

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The NPDES permit program under the CWA controls water pollution by regulating point- and nonpoint sources that discharge pollutants into "waters of the U.S." California has an approved state NPDES program. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has delegated authority for NPDES permitting to the SWRCB, which has nine regional boards. The Santa Ana RWQCB regulates water quality in the Bloomington area. Discharge of stormwater runoff from construction areas of one acre or more requires either an individual permit issued by the RWQCB or coverage under the statewide Construction General Stormwater Permit for stormwater discharges (discussed below). Specific industries and public facilities, including wastewater treatment plants that have direct stormwater discharges to navigable waters, are also required to obtain either an individual permit or obtain coverage under the statewide General Industrial Stormwater Permit.

STATE REGULATIONS
Porter-Cologne Act
The Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act of 1969, codified as Division 7 of the California Water Code, authorizes the SWRCB to provide comprehensive protection for California's waters through water allocation and water quality protection. The SWRCB implements the requirement of CWA Section 303, establishing that water quality standards have to be set for certain waters by adopting water quality control plans under the PorterCologne Act. The Porter-Cologne Act establishes the responsibilities and authorities of the nine RWQCBs, including preparing water quality plans for areas in the region, and identifying water quality objectives and waste discharge requirements (WDRs). Water quality objectives are defined as limits or levels of water quality constituents and characteristics established for reasonable protection of beneficial uses or prevention of nuisance. Beneficial uses consist of all the various ways that water can be used for the benefit of people and/or wildlife. The PorterCologne Act has been amended to provide the authority delegated from the USEPA to issue NPDES permits regulating discharges to surface waters of the U.S.

The unincorporated community of Bloomington is in the Santa Ana River Basin, Region 8, in the Upper Santa Ana Watershed. The Water Quality Control Plan for this region was adopted in 1995. This Basin Plan gives direction on the beneficial uses of the state waters within Region 8, describes the water quality that must be maintained to support such uses, and provides programs, projects, and other actions necessary to achieve the established standards.

California Anti-Degradation Policy
A key policy of California's water quality program is the State's Anti-Degradation Policy. This policy, formally known as the Statement of Policy with Respect to Maintaining High Quality Waters in California (SWRCB Resolution No. 68-16), restricts degradation of surface and ground waters. In particular, this policy protects water bodies where existing quality is higher than necessary for the protection of beneficial uses.

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Under the Anti-Degradation Policy, any actions that can adversely affect water quality in all surface and ground waters must (1) be consistent with maximum benefit to the people of the state; (2) not unreasonably affect present and anticipated beneficial use of the water; and (3) not result in water quality less than that prescribed in water quality plans and policies (i.e., will not result in exceedances of water quality objectives).

California Construction General Permit
The State of California adopted a Statewide NPDES Permit for General Construction Activity (Construction General Permit) on September 2, 2009 (Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ, as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ and 2012-0006-DWQ). The last Construction General Permit amendment became effective on July 17, 2012. The Construction General Permit regulates construction site stormwater management. Dischargers whose projects disturb one or more acres of soil, or whose projects disturb less than one acre, but are part of a larger common plan of development that in total disturbs one or more acres, are required to obtain coverage under the General Permit for discharges of stormwater associated with construction activity.

Construction activity subject to this permit includes clearing, grading, and disturbances to the ground, such as stockpiling or excavation, but does not include regular maintenance activities performed to restore the original line, grade, or capacity of the facility.

To obtain coverage under this permit, project operators must electronically file Permit Registration Documents, which include a Notice of Intent (NOI), a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), and other compliance-related documents, including a risk-level assessment for construction sites, an active stormwater effluent monitoring and reporting program during construction, rain event action plans, and numeric action levels (NALs) for pH and turbidity, as well as requirements for qualified professionals to prepare and implement the plan.

The SWPPP would include a site map, description of stormwater discharge activities, and best management practices (BMPs) taken from the menu of BMPs set forth in the California Stormwater Quality Association (CASQA) BMP Handbook that will be employed to prevent water pollution. It must describe BMPs that will be used to control soil erosion and discharges of other construction-related pollutants (e.g., petroleum products, solvents, paints, cement) that could contaminate nearby water bodies. It must demonstrate compliance with local and regional erosion and sediment control standards, identify responsible parties, provide a detailed construction timeline, and implement a BMP monitoring and maintenance schedule. The Construction General Permit requires the SWPPP to identify BMPs that will be implemented to reduce controlling potential chemical contaminants from impacting water quality. Types of BMPs include erosion control (e.g., preservation of vegetation), sediment control (e.g., fiber rolls), non-stormwater management (e.g., water conservation), and waste management. The SWPPP also includes descriptions of BMPs to reduce pollutants in stormwater discharges after all construction phases have been completed at the site (postconstruction BMPs).

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California Water Resources Control Board Low Impact Development Policy The SWRCB adopted the Low Impact Development (LID) Policy which, at its core, promotes the idea of "sustainability" as a key parameter to be prioritized during the design and planning process for future development. The SWRCB has directed its staff to consider sustainability in all future policies, guidelines, and regulatory actions. LID is a proven approach to manage stormwater. The RWQCBs are advancing LID in California in various ways, including provisions for LID requirements in renewed NPDES Phase I Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) permit.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board Water Quality Control Plan (Basin Plan)
The City of Corona falls under the jurisdiction of the Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB), which establishes water quality standards for both ground and surface waters in its area through the implementation of a Water Quality Control Plan (Basin Plan). This plan outlines existing water quality conditions, sets goals and policies, and serves as the foundation for regulatory programs. It defines water quality standards in terms of the beneficial uses of water bodies and the required levels of quality to protect those uses, as outlined in the federal Clean Water Act (CWA). Each RWQCB is mandated to adopt a Basin Plan that reflects regional water quality differences, beneficial uses of water, and local conditions and issues. Corona, situated in the Upper Santa Ana Watershed of the Santa Ana River Basin (Region 8), adheres to the Water Quality Control Plan for Region 8, established in 1995. This plan delineates beneficial uses, specifies required water quality levels, and outlines necessary programs, projects, and actions to achieve Basin Plan standards.

County of Riverside MS4 Permit
In January 2010, the Santa Ana RWQCB re-issued the Riverside County MS4 Storm Water Permit as Waste Discharge Requirement (WDR) Order R8-2010-0033 (NPDES Permit No.

CAS618033) to the County of Riverside, the incorporated cities of Riverside County, and the Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District within the Santa Ana Region.

Pursuant to the 2010 MS4 Permit, the Co-permittees were required to update and implement a Drainage Area Management Plan (DAMP) for its jurisdiction, as well as Local Implementation Plans (LIPs), which describe the Co-permittees’ urban runoff management programs for their local jurisdictions.

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LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona Local Implementation Plan
Under the City’s Local Implementation Plan (LIP), land development policies pertaining to hydromodification and low impact development (LID) are regulated for new developments and significant redevelopment projects. The use of LID Best Management Practices (BMPs) in project planning and design is to preserve a site’s predevelopment hydrology by minimizing the loss of natural hydrologic processes such as infiltration, evapotranspiration, and runoff detention. These land development requirements are detailed in the County-wide Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) and Technical Guidance Document (TGD), approved in May 2011, which cities have incorporated into their discretionary approval processes for new development and redevelopment projects. Within the City’s built out system, all runoff ultimately discharges into fully engineered concrete flood control channels. Based on this drainage collection system, projects within the City of Corona are not subject to the hydromodification requirements.

Projects are required to comply with the LID requirements in accordance with the LID hierarchy. The LID hierarchy requires new developments and re-developments to implement BMPs under the LID hierarchy as described in the TGD. The LID hierarchy requires new projects to first infiltrate, then harvest and reuse, then biofilter stormwater runoff from their project site. In the City of Corona, infiltration will likely be incorporated for new projects within the central and southern portions of the City as it is comprised of mostly Type A and B soils which typically have high infiltration rates. Groundwater levels throughout the City ranges from 45 feet to 80 feet below ground level which is also beneficial for infiltration BMP implementation. The eastern and western portions of the City are comprised of mostly Type C & D soils and will likely need infiltration testing to confirm infiltration feasibility. In areas where infiltration is determined to be infeasible, harvest and reuse BMPs may prove feasible for projects that incorporate ample landscaping and/or have high indoor toilet flushing demands (i.e. hotels). For areas that cannot infiltrate or utilize harvest and reuse systems, projects will be able to biofilter stormwater through biofiltration BMPs such as vegetated swales and bioretention basins.

Corona Groundwater Management Plan
A Groundwater Management Plan (GWMP) was prepared for the City of Corona in June 2008.

The City of Corona is the water service provider for its constituents, and the GWMP was adopted in accordance with Assembly Bill 3030 to address management for groundwater supply and quality to sustain beneficial uses. The GWMP covers the three groundwater basins that cover the City, including Temescal, Coldwater, and Bedford Basins. The two latter basins (Coldwater and Bedford Basins) make up a portion of the larger Elsinore Basin. Currently, coordinated efforts are required to manage the Coldwater and Bedford Basins between the various agencies with jurisdiction over the area. These agencies that manage the Coldwater

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and Bedford Basins include the City of Corona, the Temescal Valley Water District (TVWD), while Elsinore Valley Municipal Water District (EVMWD) manages the remainder of the Elsinore Basin outside of the Coldwater and Bedford Basins.

Successful implementation of the Groundwater Management Plan also requires coordinated efforts between local jurisdictions and statewide monitoring of California’s groundwater basins. The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) manages the California Statewide Groundwater Elevation Monitoring program which tracks the health and groundwater-level elevations of California’s 515 different basins and how to best manage these basins. It also publishes a list of basin prioritization to determine how resources should be allocated to manage various groundwater basins, with the majority of resources directed towards basins with medium and high priority.

City of Corona Municipal Code
The City’s Municipal Code addresses hydrology and water quality issues through Chapter

13.27, Stormwater Management and Discharge Controls. The purpose of this chapter is to protect the future health, safety and general welfare of the city’s citizens by:
1) Reducing pollutants in storm water discharges to the maximum extent practicable; 2) Regulating illicit connections and discharges to the storm drain system; and 3) Regulating non-storm water discharges to the storm drain system.

The enforcement of this chapter is intended to protect and enhance the water quality of city watercourses, water bodies, groundwater, and wetlands in a manner consistent with the Federal Clean Water Act.

The Municipal Code addresses floodplain issues through Title 18, Floodplain Management.

The purpose of this title is to promote the public health, safety and general welfare and to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in specific areas. In order to accomplish its purposes, this title includes provisions for: 1) Restricting or prohibiting uses which are dangerous to health, safety and property due to water or erosion hazards or which result in damaging increases in erosion or in flood heights or velocities; 2) Requiring that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities which serve such uses, be protected against flood damage at the time of initial construction; 3) Controlling the alteration of natural flood plains, stream channels and natural protective barriers which help accommodate or channel flood waters; 4) Controlling filling, grading, dredging and other development which may increase flood damage; and 5) Preventing or regulating the construction of flood barriers which will unnaturally divert flood waters or which may increase flood hazards in other areas.

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City of Corona 2020–2040 General Plan
Land Use Element
Policy LU-1.4 Accommodate the types, densities, and mix of land uses that can be adequately supported by transportation and utility infrastructure (water, sewer, etc.) and public services (schools, parks, libraries, etc.) Policy LU-1.5 Accommodate land use development in balance with the preservation and conservation of open spaces for recreation, aesthetic relief, natural resource value, and public safety (such as floodways, seismic fault zones, and other).

Policy LU-6.2 Require that new residential, commercial, office, and industrial development be designed to minimize consumption of and sustain scarce environmental resources through:
• Site design—concentration and intermixing of development to minimize vehicular trips and promote walking and building orientation for solar access and heat gain and loss
• Landscaping—drought-tolerant species, use of recycled water for irrigation, and other purposes
• Capture of rainwater and re-use on site
• Building design and construction materials—energy and water efficient fixtures, recycled building materials, insulation and wall thickness, permeable paving surfaces, and comparable techniques Policy LU-15.7 Strive to incorporate best practices in sustainability (including water conservation, energy conservation, groundwater filtration, and other similar techniques) into the design and development of public and institutional buildings.

Policy LU-16.2 Require the dedication of additional open spaces in new residential subdivisions and other applicable development, where necessary, to preserve the natural topography, plant and animal habitats, and flooding and drainage corridors in accordance with subsequent policies of this plan.

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Policy LU-20.6 Locate and design development to complement and assure its compatibility with the potential Metropolitan Water District (MWD) water treatment facility, if developed.

Community Design
Policy CD-4.2 New development adjoining open spaces, washes or have the ability to provide pedestrian connections to off-site trails or pathways should be designed to ensure landscape transitions and compatibility with these resources. Such improvements should be designed to provide adequate flood protection for adjoining properties.

Infrastructure and Utilities Element
Policy IU-1.1 Review, evaluate, and update the City’s Urban Water Management Plan and related capital improvement programs on a regular basis in order to maintain plans for expansion and improvement of distribution and storage facilities.

Policy IU-1.2 Evaluate the adequacy of water infrastructure in areas where intensification of land use is anticipated; coordinate capital improvements planning for all municipal water service infrastructure with the direction, extent, and timing of growth.

Policy IU-1.3 Construct, upgrade, maintain, and expand water supply, distribution, pumping, storage, and treatment facilities in the Urban Water Management Plan and/or as required to meet state and federalstandards.

Policy IU-1.4 Designate, preserve, and acquire land, if necessary, for siting future water supply, storage, and distribution facilities in conformity with the goals and policies of the Land Use Element.

Policy IU-1.5 As a condition of permit approval, require adequate water supply, distribution, pumping, storage, and treatment facilities to be operational prior to the issuance of building permits.

Policy IU-1.6 Achieve and maintain compliance with all federal, state, and local regulatory standards for drinking water to protect the health, safety, and welfare of Corona.

Policy IU-1.7 Require all new development to be served from an approved domestic water supply to protect the health and safety of the public and groundwater supplies.

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Policy IU-1.8 Through engineering design, construction practices, and enforcement of water regulatory standards, ensure that existing and new land uses and development do not degrade the City’s surface waters and groundwater supplies.

Policy IU-1.9 Require the costs of improvements to the water supply transmission, distribution, pumping, storage, and treatment facilities necessitated by new development be equitably borne by beneficiaries, either through the payment of fees, or construction of the improvements.

Policy IU-2.1 Continue to implement the City’s water conservation and reuse efforts; review these programs regularly, and modify them as appropriate and feasible.

Policy IU-2.3 Require incorporation of best available technologies for water conservation, internally and externally, in new construction and associated site design.

Policy IU-2.4 Expand the recycled water program to provide water for landscaped medians and other appropriate open spaces along SR-91 and I-15, in coordination with Caltrans when feasible.

Policy IU-2.5 Require that sewer flows be minimized in existing and future developments through water conservation and recycling efforts.

Policy IU-2.8 Continue to provide and support public educational efforts to residents, business, and students regarding the importance of water conservation and recycled water use.

Policy IU-2.10 Require the use of rainwater capture and storage facilities, techniques, and improvements in residential and nonresidential developments to further objectives for water conservation.

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Policy IU-3.9 Continue to require all applicable industries/businesses to obtain sewer discharge permits from the City and to comply with the City's Waste Discharge Pretreatment and Source Control Program.

Policy IU-3.10 Continue to implement, as appropriate, the requirements of the NPDES and SCAQMD regulations, including requiring the use of Best Management Practices by businesses in the City.

Policy IU-4.1 Review, evaluate, and regularly update the City’s Storm Drainage Master Plan and related capital improvement programs as a basis for the orderly planning, expansion, and improvement of facilities; implement improvements identified in the Drainage Master Plan.

Policy IU-4.2 Maintain and upgrade public storm drains and storage control facilities and construct or expand storm drain and flood control facilities to protect people and property from flooding and stormwater runoff.

Implement improvements identified in the City’s Drainage Master Plan.

Policy IU-4.3 Designate, preserve, and acquire land, as necessary, for storm drainage and storage control facilities. As necessary, require the reservation of rights-of-way and easements for designated water related infrastructure facilities as a condition of project approval.

Policy IU-4.4 Evaluate the adequacy of stormwater conveyance and storage control facilities in area where intensification of land use is anticipated to occur; coordinate capital improvements planning for infrastructure with the direction, extent, and timing of growth.

Policy IU-4.5 Review development proposals for projects within the City’s Sphere of Influence and encourage Riverside County to not approve any project that cannot be accommodated with an adequate drainage system.

Policy IU-4.6 Annually review the development charge, acquisition of service charge, and monthly service charges in order to ensure that adequate fees and charges are collected to fund the operation, maintenance, and repair of existing facilities and construction of new facilities.

Policy IU-4.7 Require adherence to City regulatory stormwater quality measures and, if needed, take necessary enforcement action(s) to eliminate illicit connections and discharges to/from the stormwater system.

Policy IU-5.1 Ensure that existing and new development does not directly degrade or indirectly contribute to the degradation of surface waters or the groundwater system.

Policy IU-5.2 Reduce pollutant loading through passive treatment systems such as vegetated filter strips, grass swales, and infiltration/ sedimentation areas in suitable open space areas, overland flow channels, and landscaping adjacent to parking lots and streets.

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Policy IU-5.3 In new developments, minimize the amount of impervious area that is directly connected to piped or channelized drainage systems.

Policy IU-5.4 Evaluate any existing environmental degradation or potential degradation from current or planned storm drain and storage control facilities in wetlands or other sensitive environments.

Policy IU-5.5 Require that development projects consider the appropriateness of the channelization of stormwater runoff to facilitate its possible capture and reuse for on-site irrigation and other purposes.

Policy IU-5.6 Implement environmentally and economically efficient stormwater treatment systems, whenever practical (such as artificial marshland sewer treatment).

Policy IU-5.7 Require developers to obtain a NPDES permit prior to moving construction equipment onto a development site. The NPDES permit shall be retained at the construction site throughout the construction period, and a copy shall be filed with the City Engineer.

Policy IU-5.8 During construction projects, ensure compliance with all terms and conditions outlined in the NPDES permit, including the implementation of the latest best management practices and determination of need for any additional water quality management plans to reduce pollutants and urban runoff flows to the maximum extent practicable.

Policy IU-5.9 Require that new developments employ the most efficient drainage technology to control drainage and minimize damage to
environmentally sensitive areas.

Policy IU-5.10 Require that individual project owners and operators handle, store, apply, and dispose of all pest control, herbicide, insecticide, and other similar substances according to all federal, state, and local regulations.

Public Safety Element
Policy PS-2.1 Maintain and continuously update the City’s floodplain safety hazards maps and dam inundation maps in concert with FEMA map
amendments, improvements to local drainage facilities, and updated flood studies from individual projects or the State of California.

Policy PS-2.2 Evaluate, on a project-by-project basis, whether new development should be located in a flood hazard zone and identify and require construction methods or other appropriate methods to minimize the risks of damage for projects located in flood zones.

Policy PS-2.3 Require adherence to the California Building Code, Municipal Codes, FEMA flood control guidelines, and Corona Floodplain Management Ordinance for the purposes of avoiding or minimizing the risk of damages to structures, injury, or loss of life.

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Policy PS-2.4 Locate, when feasible, new essential public facilities outside of flood zones; for those that must remain or are built in flood hazard zones, harden structures to maintain the structural and operational integrity of such public facilities in case of flooding.

Policy PS-2.5 Identify vulnerable structures, infrastructure, and utilities in areas of special flood hazards and encourage the retrofit or upgrade of such structures and infrastructure to minimize damages and reduce the risk or injury or death from flooding.

Policy PS-2.6 Prohibit the alteration of natural floodplains or improved drainage areas or the allowance of encroachments by structures without determination by the Floodplain Administrator that such actions will not be detrimental to public health and safety.

Policy PS-2.7 Establish and maintain cooperative working relationships among public agencies with responsibility for flood protection, including Riverside County Flood Control District, County Public Works, neighboring jurisdictions, and other entities.

Healthy Community Element
Policy HC-2.3 Prioritize local and regional efforts, in cooperation with regional agencies, to remediate or treat contaminated surface water, groundwater, or soils to state and federal standards, and ensure that drinking water is safe and healthful to meet all local, state, and federal health standards
Policy HC-2.7 Keep up to date on new and amended regulations issued by state and federal regulatory agencies with respect to air, water, and other pollutants and permissible exposure; revise local ordinances and development requirements as needed to reduce exposure to pollution.

Policy HC-5.4 Establish agreements with partner agencies to provide public facilities, services, and amenities within the city. This includes public education, health services, flood protection, energy, technology and communications services, and other services as appropriate.

Environmental Resources Element
Policy ER-1.1 Continually monitor the implementation and enforcement of water quality regulations by appropriate County, state, and federal agencies to prevent additional pollution of the City’s hydrologic resources, including aquatic environments, underground water basins, and surface waters.

Policy ER-1.2 Require all public and private grading and construction activities to minimize adverse impacts on the City’s water resources through the use of best management practices, as established and updated from time to time by the City of Corona.

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Policy ER-1.3 Implement standard conditions of approval on development and related projects that require appropriate mediation strategies if soil or groundwater contamination is encountered during project grading and construction.

Policy ER-1.4 Prohibit the discharge of toxins, debris, refuse, and other contaminants into watercourses, other drainages, water bodies, and groundwater basins. Work with appropriate entities to ensure the cleanup of contamination of existing water resources.

Policy ER-1.5 Support the Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority to advance efforts to achieve a watershed that is sustainable, drought-proof, salt-balanced, and capable of providing water resources for multiple benefits for current and future populations.

Policy ER-1.6 Provide active leadership in the regional coordination of water resource management and sustainability efforts affecting Riverside County and continue to monitor and participate in, as appropriate, regional activities to ensure a long-term reliable and sustainable supply of water.

Policy ER-1.7 Support efforts to create additional water storage and facilities where needed, in cooperation with federal, state, and local water authorities.

Additionally, support and/or engage in water banking in conjunction with these agencies where appropriate and as needed.

Policy ER-2.1 Sustain the quantity and quality of surface water and groundwater resources within the City of Corona and its sphere of influence for present and future uses.

Policy ER-2.2 Balance consideration of water supply requirements between urban, agricultural, and environmental needs so that sufficient supply is available to meet each of these different demands.

Policy ER-2.3 Implement water conservation through a wide range of regulations, public and business education, fiscal techniques, and implementing programs.

Policy ER-2.4 Require the use of water conservation features and materials in the design and construction of all public buildings, projects, and site development while encouraging their use citywide.

Policy ER-2.5 Require the use of reclaimed water in outdoor common areas and landscape treatments for homeowners associations, public facilities, commercial and industrial uses where feasible.

Policy ER-2.6 Provide ample opportunities to educate the public and businesses about the importance of water conservation, and the devices available for conservation purposes.

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Policy ER-2.7 Promote resources that offer incentives for property owners and businesses to install and upgrade water efficient fixtures in their buildings, equipment, and landscaping. devices.

Policy ER-2.9 Support efforts to create additional water storage where needed, in cooperation with federal,state, and local water authorities. Additionally, support and/or engage in water banking in conjunction with these agencies where appropriate and as needed.

Policy ER-3.1 In cooperation with RCFCWCD, participate in development, maintenance, and implementation of facilities and programs to recharge City aquifers underlying the City and SOI.

Policy ER-3.2 Incorporate natural drainage systems (vegetated swales, small ponds, etc.) into developments, where appropriate and feasible, that offer opportunities for groundwater recharge.

Policy ER-3.3 Retain stormwater and runoff at or near the site of generation for percolation into the aquifer to conserve it for future uses and to mitigate adjacent flooding.

Policy ER-3.4 Use natural approaches to managing streams (such as nonchannelization strategies, softbottom streams, native vegetation, etc.), to the maximum extent possible, where groundwater recharge is likely to occur.

Policy ER-3.5 Cooperate with groundwater sustainability members to jointly pursue projects that will contribute to the long-term sustainability (recharge and safe yield) of the basins underlying Corona and SOI areas.

Policy ER-3.6 Manage the City’s reliance on imported water supplies, to the extent feasible and practical, through an enhanced focus on water conservation, groundwater recharge, and reclaimed water use.

Policy ER-4.1 Require urban uses to have a sufficient distance from a floodway boundary to ensure adequate protection of life, property, and habitat values.

Policy ER-4.2 Avoid altering floodways or channelization wherever possible; however, limit alterations to those that meet the following criteria:
• Alterations necessary for the protection of public health and safety only after all other options are exhausted
• Alterations essential to public service projects where no other feasible construction method or alternative project location exists • Projects where the primary function is the improvement of fish and wildlife habitats
Policy ER-4.3 Design alterations and improvements to floodways so that they avoid adverse environmental effects to the maximum extent feasible, considering the following environmental factors:
• Stream scour

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• Erosion protection and sedimentation
• Wildlife habitat and linkages
• Groundwater recharge capability
• Adjacent property
• Natural designs (e.g., soft riparian bottoms and gentle bank slopes, and landscaping with native plants
Policy ER-4.4 Preserve and enhance existing native riparian habitat and prevent obstruction of natural watercourses to the extent feasible in new private and public developments or implement on-site replacement as mitigation.

Policy ER-4.5 Allow variances from city development standards on land area restricted from development due to its retention as a natural floodway, floodplain, or watercourse to encourage the preservation of natural watercourses without creating undue hardship on property owners.

Policy ER-5.1 Prohibit encroachment of development into wetlands; provide buffer zones, setbacks, or other effective techniques in project siting and design to minimize direct and indirect effects to wetland habitats.

Policy ER-5.2 During the development review process, ensure compliance with the Clean Water Act’s Section 404 in terms of wetlands mitigation policies and policies concerning fill material in jurisdictional wetlands.

Policy ER-5.3 Ensure compliance with habitat mitigation plans accepted by the applicable state and federal regulatory agencies that meet established ratios for wetland enhancement/restoration and on-/off-site compensation for the loss of wetland functions and values.

Policy ER-5.4 Consider wetlands for use as natural water treatment areas that will result in improvement of water quality.

Policy ER-5.5 Prohibit the planting of invasive, nonnative species in areas that would encroach and affect watercourses, their banks, and riparian areas.

4.10.5 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES
PDF HYD-1: According to the Hydromodification Low Impact Development (LID) requirement, the proposed BPI development will install a system of catch basin inlets and storm drain pipes proposed to convey the runoff across the site to the designated discharge points. In addition, 10 Biotreatment Units (Modular Wetland System) and two underground detention chambers will be installed to provide water quality treatment for the proposed Drainage Management Areas (DMA).

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4.10-19

4.10.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant hydrology and water quality impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Project-related component would:

Threshold HYD-1 Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or groundwater quality? Threshold HYD-2 Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin ?
Threshold HYD-3 Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would:
i. Result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site? Threshold HYD-4 ii. Substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or off-site?
Threshold HYD-5 iii. Create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff?
Threshold HYD-6 iv. Impede or redirect flood flows?
Threshold HYD-7 In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundation?
Threshold HYD-8 Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan?

METHODOLOGY
The analysis of hydrologic and water quality impacts is based on information and data contained in the Drainage Report and the WQMP (Appendix J and Appendix K, respectively), including site runoff estimates, soil properties, impervious surface area, and water quality BMPs. The Drainage Report used methodologies outlined in the Riverside County Hydrology Manual to perform hydrologic and hydraulic calculations and estimated storm flows using the CIVILCADD/CIVILDESIGN Engineering Software, Version 7.1 to compile storm discharge generated by the Rational Method. The WQMP was prepared in accordance with requirements of the Riverside County MS4 Permit using the SARWQCB’s WQMP template.

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4.10.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

HYD-1 Violate any water quality
standards or waste
discharge requirements
or otherwise
substantially degrade
surface or groundwater
quality?
HYD-2 Substantially decrease
groundwater supplies or
interfere substantially
with groundwater
recharge such that the
project may impede
sustainable groundwater
management of the basin
?
HYD-3 Substantially alter the
existing drainage pattern
of the site or area,
including through the
alteration of the course of
a stream or river or
through the addition of
impervious surfaces, in a
manner which would:
i. Result in substantial
erosion or siltation onor off-site?
HYD-4 ii. Substantially increase
the rate or amount of
surface runoff in a
manner which would
result in flooding on- or
off-site?

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4.10-21
Impacts
Would the
Modified
Project result
in new or
more severe
impacts
requiring
revisions to
the Prior
EIR?
Would the Modified
Project be
implemented under
changed
circumstances
resulting in new or
more severe impacts
requiring revisions
to the Prior EIR?
Is there new
information that
would result in
new or more
severe impacts
from the
Modified Project
requiring
revisions to the
Prior EIR?
Would the
Modified Project
result in
eliminated,
reduced, or no
changes to
impacts and no
changes to the
Prior EIR are
required?
Would the project:

HYD-5 iii. Create or contribute
runoff water which
would exceed the
capacity of existing or
planned stormwater
drainage systems or
provide substantial
additional sources of
polluted runoff?
HYD-6 iv. Impede or redirect
flood flows?
HYD-7 In flood hazard, tsunami,
or seiche zones, risk
release of pollutants due
to project inundation?
HYD-8 Conflict with or obstruct
implementation of a
water quality control
plan or sustainable
groundwater
management plan?

IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact HYD-1: Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or groundwater quality? Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

Construction
Construction of the GRRSP Planning Area and the proposed BPI development would require grading and excavation of soils, which would loosen sediment and then have the potential to mix with surface water runoff and degrade water quality. Additionally, construction would require the use of heavy equipment and construction-related chemicals, such as concrete, cement, asphalt, fuels, oils, antifreeze, transmission fluid, grease, solvents, and paints. These

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potentially harmful materials could be accidentally spilled or improperly disposed of during construction and, if mixed with surface water runoff, could wash into and pollute waters.

Consistent with the 2001 EIR, short-term storm water pollutant discharges from each individual site within the GRRSP Planning Area would be prevented through compliance with the applicable NPDES permitting process. Coverage with applicable permits would prevent sedimentation and soil erosion through implementation of an SWPPP and periodic inspections by RWQCB staff. During the construction period, the development associated with the GRRSP would utilize a series of BMPs to reduce erosion and sedimentation consistent with those identified in the Certified EIR. To ensure that future development within the GRRSP Planning Area obtains coverage under the NPDES General Construction permit, implementation of the 2001 EIR Mitigation Measures 4.11.1A, 4.11.3A, 4.11.3.B, and 4.11.4A have been identified.

As a result, with implementation of mitigation measures 4.11.1A, 4.11.3A, 4.11.3.B, and

4.11.4A the Modified Project would not violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements, potential water quality degradation associated with construction activities would be minimized, and impacts would be less than significant.

Operation
The Modified Project would include the proposed BPI development consisting of five industrial buildings totaling in approximately 746,167 square feet within the business industrial designation. The GRRSP Planning Area is comprised of approximately 160.0 acres of undeveloped vacant land, and has been modified for the future 5.5 acres general commercial parcel north of Green River Road and the 20.39 acres Estate Residential situated on the southern portion of the property.

Potential pollutants associated with the proposed uses include various chemicals from cleaners, pathogens from pet wastes, nutrients from fertilizer, pesticides and sediment from landscaping, trash and debris, and oil and grease from vehicles. If these pollutants discharge into surface waters, it could result in degradation of water quality.

Section 15.36 of the City’s Municipal Code requires implementation of Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) based on the anticipated pollutants that could result from new development and redevelopment projects. The Project’s WQMP was created to comply with the requirements of the City of Corona, the Riverside County Water Quality Management Plan, and the NPDES Areawide Stormwater Program. The BMPs would include pollutant source control features and pollutant treatment control features.

The source control BMPs would minimize the introduction of pollutants that may result in water quality impacts; and treatment control BMPs that would treat stormwater runoff. For the purposes of stormwater quality, an underground bioretention/biofiltration system is proposed.

The proposed BPI development would include the project design features, PDF HYD-1, of which would consist of 10 Biotreatment Units (Modular Wetland System) and two

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underground detention chambers to provide water quality treatment for Drainage Management Areas (DMA) 2 through DMA 11. DMA 1 was identified as a Self-Treating Area due to the lack of impervious surfaces and requires no BMP. The proposed biotreatment units and underground detention chambers would capture, treat, and slow stormwater runoff for the 10- year and 100-year storm events.

However, in order to prevent impacts to operational water quality, the Modified Project would be required to prepare a site-specific Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) to identify low-impact development storm water retention strategies and appropriate hydromodification controls to mitigate potential violations of water quality standards or waste discharge requirements. Consistent with the 2001 EIR, applicable Mitigation Measures 4.11.1.B,

4.11.2.A, 4.11.2B, 4.11.3.C, 4.11.3.D, and 4.11.4B have been identified. With implementation of PDF HYD-1, NPDES requirements and the WQMP, pursuant to the City Municipal Code, and City Council Ordinance No. 2291 and 2828 (included as 2001 EIR mitigation measures

4.11.1A, 4.11.1.B, 4.11.2.A, 4.11.2B, 4.11.3A, 4.11.3.B, 4.11.3.D, and 4.11.4A); which would be verified during the plan check and permitting process for the Modified Project, the Modified Project would not violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements, and impacts would be less than significant.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts related to the violation of any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements would occur with implementation of the proposed Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR. The proposed Modified Project’s impacts are consistent with the impacts identified in the 2001 EIR and the level of impact (less than significant) remains unchanged from that cited in the 2001 EIR.

Mitigation Measures
The following Mitigation Measures from the previously certified 2001 EIR are applicable to the Modified Project are shown below and further described in detail Section 4.10.9:
• 4.11.1A, 4.11.1.B, 4.11.2.A, 4.11.2B, 4.11.3A, 4.11.3.B, 4.11.3.D, and 4.11.4A Impact HYD-2: Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin ? Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The proposed Project is located within the Coastal Plain of Orange County westerly adjacent to the Temescal Groundwater Basin. As analyzed in the Drainage Report and WQMP, development of the GRRSP Planning would introduce approximately 36.65 acres of impervious surfaces to the site. Buildout of the GRRSP Planning would require 107.02 acres of irrigated surfaces and landscaping of the proposed BPI development would achieve the

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minimum 15.65 acers of irrigated landscape. Future development within the GRSSP Planning Area would be required to implement a project-specific WQMP as previously stated to achieve the required impervious surface. The proposed BPI development would include the project design features, PDF HYD-1, of which would consist of 10 Biotreatment Units (Modular Wetland System) and two underground detention chambers to provide water quality treatment for Drainage Management Areas (DMA) 2 through DMA 11. DMA 1 was identified as a SelfTreating Area due to the lack of impervious surfaces and requires no BMP. In total, the proposed BPI development would incorporate approximately 16.1 acres of landscape acreage, thereby above the required acreage according the WQMP. Furthermore, the Project site is not located within an area known for hydrogeologic groundwater. As a result, the Modified Project would not decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge; and the Project would not impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin.

Therefore, the Project would result in a less than significant impact on groundwater supplies and groundwater recharge. No mitigation is required.

The proposed Modified Project’s impacts are consistent with the impacts identified in the 2001 EIR and the level of impact (less than significant) remains unchanged from that cited in the 2001 EIR.

Mitigation Measures
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact HYD-3: Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would:
i. Result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site? Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

Although the GRRSP Planning Area does not include, a natural stream, river or other body of water, the Project site does contain several ravines (non-wetland waters) which convey natural drainage across the Modified Project site to off-site tributaries. Under existing conditions, development of the Modified Project would alter the course of a stream thereby impacting the existing drainage pattern.

As previously discussed, a SWPPP would be implemented during construction to control drainage and maintain drainage patterns across the Modified Project (MM 4.11.3A). As discussed in the WQMP (Appendix K) existing drainage patterns would remain unchanged, which would result in a decrease in time of concentration due to increase in imperviousness.

To address this increase, the BPI development, proposes a biofiltration system that would

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capture runoff prior to discharge off-site (PDF HYD-1). All storm water runoff will be carried via typical street sections and an onsite storm drain system. In addition, the Drainage Report determined, a 10-year storm event would be contained below the top of curb and a 100-year storm event would be protected from the industrial building pads. Additionally, the installation of onsite landscaping, a biofiltration system, and catch basins would be designed to accommodate the increased flow volume. Moreover, impacts from the erosion of existing natural downstream canyons and hillsides will be mitigated to a less than significant level by properly designed grading, detention basins, energy dissipators and erosion protection rip-rap pads at the outlet of storm drain system (MM HYD-1).

Additionally, according to the FEMA’s FIRM Map #06065C0668G, #06065C0669G, and #06065C1335GG the Project site is zoned as Flood Zone X, area with minimal flood hazard.

The City would review the Modified Project permit applications to ensure the proposed BPI and future development within the GRRSP would not be subject to significant flood hazard and structures would be floodproofed and would not impede or redirect flood flows. As such, with implementation of mitigation measures MM HYD-1, and 4.11.3A, the Modified Project would result in a less than significant impact on the existing drainage pattern.

The proposed Modified Project’s impacts are consistent with the impacts identified in the 2001 EIR and the level of impact (less than significant) remains unchanged from that cited in the 2001 EIR.

Mitigation Measures
The following Mitigation Measures from the previously certified 2001 EIR are applicable to the Modified Project are shown below and further described in detail Section 4.10.9:
• 4.11.3A
The Modified Project introduces the following Mitigation Measures and are further described in detail Section 4.3.10.
• MM HYD-1
Impact HYD-4: ii. Substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or off-site?
Impact HYD-6: iv. Impede or redirect flood flows?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

As discussed previously, the Modified Project site is classified as Flood Zone X, area of minimal flood hazard. In addition, the Modified Project site does not include, and is not adjacent to, a body of water such as a natural stream or river that would increase the potential for flooding. Also, as discussed previously, the Modified Project would introduce

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approximately 36.65 acres of impervious surfaces to the GRRSP Planning Area, which would increase stormwater runoff from the Project site. However, the Modified Project, consistent with the 2001 EIR, would implement mitigation to reduce flooding hazards on- or offsite impacts to a less than significant level. As detailed below, MM 4.11.2.A requires that all proposed storm drain facilities and equipment shall be designed, installed and maintained in a manner to convey peak flows estimated for the Modified Project. In addition, the MM 4.11.2A also requires future development of the GRRSP Planning Area drainage plans shall be submitted to the City for review and approval prior to the issuance of grading permits. As it relates to the proposed BPI development, as previously stated, will incorporate PDF HYD-1 for the proposed on-site storm drain system consisting of catch basin inlets and storm drain pipes proposed to convey the runoff across the site to the designated discharge points. In addition, 10 Biotreatment Units (Modular Wetland System) and two underground detention chambers will be installed to provide water quality treatment for the proposed Drainage Management Areas (DMA). PDF HYD-1 shall be constructed to accommodate storm flows from the site designed, installed and maintained in a manner to reduce on-site runoff to a level that can be accommodated by the existing culverts beneath Green River Road.

Adherence to the existing requirements and implementation of the post construction stormwater requirements would be confirmed during Project plan check prior to Project approval. Therefore, with implementation of mitigation measure MM4.11.2A and project design PDF HYD-1, the Modified Project would result in a less than significant impact on flood flows and flooding hazards on- or offsite.

The proposed Modified Project’s impacts are consistent with the impacts identified in the 2001 EIR and the level of impact (less than significant) remains unchanged from that cited in the 2001 EIR.

Impact HYD-5: iii. Create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The Modified Project site would include development of approximately 36.65 acres of impermeable surfaces, which would be an increase from the existing undeveloped vacant impervious surface area. Project site existing drainages flow from the south to a low point within the northern portion of the site, ultimately conveyed into the existing drainage pipelines/culverts crossing Green River Road and to SR 91.

Use of the subsurface infiltration chamber would regulate the rate and velocity of stormwater flows and would control the amount of discharge into the off-site drainage system. As discussed above, the Modified Project would not result in significant impacts related to water

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quality. In addition, the drainage facilities proposed for the BPI development have been sized to adequately accommodate the stormwater flows from the proposed development and are consistent with the County drainage plans and MS4 permit requirements. The proposed oversized infiltration system would accommodate existing stormwater infrastructure capacity by holding the entire design capture volume in the chamber and allow high flows to discharge from the site at a reduced flowrate. The existing southerly drainage pattern is not maintained; however, times of concentration are preserved through the use of dual underground infiltration systems. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact HYD-7: In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundation?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

As discussed previously, the Modified Project site is classified as Flood Zone X, area of minimal flood hazard. The GRRSP Planning Area is located approximately 27 miles northeast of the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, the Modified Project is not located within a tsunami zone.

Similarly, a seiche is the sloshing of a closed body of water from earthquake shaking. Seiches are of concern relative to water storage facilities because inundation from a seiche can occur if the wave overflows a containment wall, such as the wall of a reservoir, water storage tank, dam, or other artificial body of water. The nearest body of water is the Prado Reservoir, approximately 1.1 miles to the north. According to the City’s General Plan, the Project site is not within a dam inundation zone, nor in the vicinity of any impounded bodies of water; therefore, the Project is not at risk of a seiche.

The proposed Modified Project’s impacts are consistent with the impacts identified in the 2001 EIR and the level of impact (less than significant) remains unchanged from that cited in the 2001 EIR.

Impact HYD-8: Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

As previously discussed, the Modified Project and BPI development would comply with the Construction General Permit by developing and implementing a site-specific SWPPP and construction stormwater BMPs throughout the construction phase. The Modified Project and BPI development would also comply with the MS4 Permit by incorporating LID BMPs into project design, which would avoid or minimize the amount and type of pollutants leaving the

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project, entering receiving waters, and impacting water quality and beneficial uses defined for these waters by the Basin Plan. In addition, LID BMPs would allow stormwater infiltration into the local aquifer and minimize or avoid impacts to groundwater quality, and to beneficial uses of the Coastal Plain of Orange County Basin.

The Modified would not include a groundwater well, and the Project would not demand water at a rate exceeding what the City of Corona could supply (see Section 4.19, Utilities and Service Systems, for discussion of Project water demands relative to water supplies). The Modified Project would not conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan; no impact would occur, and mitigation is not required.

4.10.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR. As concluded in the preceding analysis, the Modified Project would not change the significance of Hydrology and Water Quality impacts as compared to the prior 2001 EIR.

The geographic scope for cumulative impacts on hydrology and water quality includes the Santa Ana River Watershed. Implementation of the Modified Project would include compliance with all required laws, permits, ordinances, and plans, such as the MS4 Permit, and Construction General Permit requirements, that would reduce incremental effects to hydrology and water quality. The Modified Project would result in an increase of impervious surfaces within the watershed and is required to include pervious surfaces to retain storm water drainage on site. This increase in impervious surfaces with implementation of the proposed BMPs (PDF HYD-1) as required by the MS4 Permit would not lead to an increase in surface runoff or significant pollutant loadings.

Other future developments within the urban and developed subwatershed would have similar effects as the Modified Project. The areas surrounding the Modified Project area are of similar urban nature, and any future development would also include compliance with all required laws, permits, ordinances, and plans, such as the MS4 Permit, and Construction General Permit requirements, in order to meet runoff requirements. This would help reduce impacts to water quality and retain runoff and ensure that the incremental effects of individual projects do not cause a substantial cumulative impact related to water quality. For example, each related project would be required to develop a SWPPP (for construction), a WQMP (for operation), and a hydrology report, and would be evaluated individually to determine appropriate BMPs and treatment measures to reduce impacts to surface water quality and hydrology. In addition, cities review all development projects on a case-by-case basis to ensure that sufficient local and regional drainage capacity is available. Furthermore, the analysis in a Project’s hydrology

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report is cumulative in nature due to the project and existing developments impact on storm drainage within the watershed area.

Combined impacts to water quality, to the storm drain system, and from the creation of flooding hazards from past, present, and future projects would be less than significant cumulatively. Therefore, because water quality, drainage, and flooding would not be adversely affected by the Modified Project, the proposed Project’s contribution to cumulative hydrology and water quality impacts would not be cumulatively considerable.

4.10.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT

4.11.1A: The project applicant shall obtain all required permits and clearances from the Corps, the RWQCB, and the CDFG prior to the disturbance of any existing drainage.

4.11.1.B: Drainage facilities within engineered slopes/fills shall be designed and installed in accordance with the City of Corona standards.

4.11.2.A: All proposed storm drain facilities and equipment shall be designed, installed and maintained in a manner to convey peak flows estimated for the project.

Drainage plans shall be submitted to the City for review and approval prior to the issuance of grading permits.

4.11.2B: On-site detention basins shall be constructed to accommodate storm flows from the project site. Such facilities shall be designed, installed and maintained in a manner to reduce on-site runoff to a level that can be accommodated by the existing culverts beneath Green River Road. All required drainage structures shall be designed, installed, and maintained in accordance with applicable City of Corona standards.

4.11.3A: The construction and/or grading contractor shall establish and implement a construction Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and postconstruction Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) in accordance with NPDES permit issued by the Santa Ana RWQCB.

4.11.3.B: In accordance with issuance of a NPDES permit, the construction and/or grading contractor shall establish and implement specific Best Management Practices (BMP) at time of project implementation. Construction erosion and sediment control plans shall be submitted to the City for review and approval prior to the issuance of grading permits. BMPs to minimize erosion and/or sedimentation impacts shall include (but not be limited to) the following:
• Collection of runoff entering developing areas into surface and subsurface drains for removal to nearby drainages.

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• Capture of runoff above steep slopes or poorly vegetated areas and conveyance to nearby drainages. • Conveyance of runoff generated on paved or covered areas via drains and swales to natural drainage courses.
• Revegetation of disturbed areas and vegetation of non-disturbed but highly erosive areas.
• Use of drought tolerant plants and irrigation systems which minimize runoff.
• Use of other erosion control devices such as rip-rap, gabions, concrete lining, small check dams, etc. to reduce erosion in gullies and active stream channels.
• During the time that on-site soils are exposed, the soil surface shall be approximately 2 feet below the surrounding grade. Any storm water falling on exposed soils will infiltrate on site.
• To the maximum extent possible, on-site vegetation shall be maintained. • Limit grading disturbance to essential project area.
• Limit grading activities during the rainy season.
• Balance and limit, to the extent possible, the amount of cut and fill. • Water entering and exiting the site shall be diverted through the placement of interceptor trenches or other erosion control devices. • Water shall be sprayed on disturbed areas to limit dust generation. • The construction entrance shall be stabilized to reduce tracking onto adjacent streets.
• Dikes, drains, swales or other features shall be used to divert and/or redirect runoff.

4.11.3.C: Manufactured slopes shall be stabilized. Where appropriate, retaining wall designs shall include waterproofing and weep holes, subdrains or backdrains for relieving possible hydrostatic pressures.

4.11.3.D: Manufactured slopes shall be revegetated to help ensure stability. Revegetation plans shall be submitted to the City for review and approval prior to the issuance of grading permits. Plant selection shall comply with the Plant Palette contained in Section 4.3.6 of the Green River Ranch Specific Plan.

4.11.4A: Development within the Specific Plan area shall comply with applicable provisions of the NPDES permit and the applicable standards and regulations of responsible agencies.

4.11.4B: Precast “stormceptors” shall be installed in parking areas and/or in areas where fuels, oils, solvents or other pollutants may enter the stormwater stream (i.e., gas stations, loading areas). Such devices shall be adequately maintained

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(including the cleaning/replacing of absorbent fiberglass “pillows” and periodic removal of accumulated sand and silt).

4.10.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT MM HYD-1: Erosion of existing natural downstream canyons and hillsides will be mitigated by properly designed grading, detention basins, energy dissipators and erosion protection rip-rap pads at the outlet of storm drain system.

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LAND USE AND PLANNING

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4.11-1

4.11 LAND USE AND PLANNING

4.11.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing land use and planning within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential changes in impacts to land use and planning from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. The Public Scoping Meeting comments from Jeffrey Meissner, Craig Reiter were received pertaining to this topic. The NOP comment letters from Southern California Association of Governments were received pertaining to this topic.

4.11.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would result in no impact related to land use and planning as follows.
a) Physically divide an established community?
The 2001 EIR identified the existing a horse boarding operation operating in the northern, flatter, portion of the Approved Project site south of Green River Road that is no longer in operation. The St. James Orthodox Christian Monastery was identified as occupying a former restaurant on site that has ceased operations. The 2001 EIR acknowledged implementation of the Approved Project would necessitate removal of the facilities associated with these former uses but determined did not represent an identified community. Therefore, the 2001 EIR concluded the Approved Project would result in no impact related to physically dividing an established community.
b) Cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect?
Prior to approval of the Approved Project, approximately 2 acres of the GRRSP Planning Area was located in the City’s limits and the remaining approximately 166 acres was located in unincorporated Riverside County. The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project’s proposed land uses would conflict with the Riverside County’s Zoning Ordinance, but the conflict was considered a less than significant impact because the Approved Project’s applicant proposed annexation of the Approved Project site into the City as well as adoption of the GRRSP. The GRRSP would modify land use designations in the Planning Area to accommodate the uses proposed in the GRRSP. The 2001 EIR considered the conflict to be a less than significant impact given the Approved Project would be annexed into the City of Corona and adoption of

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the GRRSP would provide land use regulation and development standards for future development of the uses contained in the GRRSP.

Cumulative Impacts
The 2001 EIR determined there were no other development projects that when considered together with the Approved Project would create a significant land use impact over and above the project specific impact analyses conducted for the Approved Project and no mitigation was required. Consequently, cumulative impacts regarding land use compatibility was determined to be less than significant.

4.11.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The GRRSP Planning Area encompasses the area adjacent to Green River Road, east of the SR-91/Green River Road interchange and west of Dominguez Ranch Road. The Project site is largely undeveloped. However, the site is surrounded by residential development to the north (beyond the SR-91), vacant and disturbed land to the south, residential and commercial development to the east, and vacant and disturbed land to the west. Vacant areas are mostly covered with native vegetation, much of which consists of low-lying scrub. Elevations on site range from 1,110 feet in the southwestern corner of the property to 515 feet in the northeastern corner of the property.

The existing GRRSP (i.e., Approved Project) land use designations include General Commercial (GC) and Mixed-Use in existing PAs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (approximately proposed PAs 1, 2 and 3), MU in PA 7 (approximately proposed PA 4), and Estate Residential (ER) in PA 6 (approximately proposed PAs 5 and 6) as summarized in Table 4.11-1. The GC and MU land uses allow a flexible mix of retail, service and support commercial, light industrial, hotel/motel, or office uses and a 150-room hotel. The GC land use is intended to provide services for travelers and local residents including, but are not limited to service stations, restaurants (fast food, turnover, and high quality), and neighborhood retail. The ER allows up to 32 dwelling units (DUs). The ER area in the southernmost portions of the GRRSP was intended to be developed with large lots resulting in large areas of open space.

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Table 4.11-1: Comparison of the Approved and Modified Project GRRSP Land Uses Approved Project Modified Project
Acreage
Land Use/
DUs or SF Acreage
Land Use/
DUs or SF
Approved: PAs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Modified: PAs 1, 2, 3

61.22 Hotel/150 rooms;
GC/19,600 sf;
MU1/491,300

49.31 BPI/ 746,167 sf
Approved: PA 7 Modified: PA 4

5.91 MU1/10,000 sf 5.5 GC/19,600 sf
Approved: PA 6 Approved: PA 5

98.2 ER/32 DUs 20.39 ER/32 DUs
Approved: NA Modified: PA 5
NA NA 83.34 Open Space
DUs = dwelling units SF = square feet NA = not applicable PA=planning area 1 Includes a mix of retail, service and support commercial, light industrial, hotel/motel, or office uses and a 150-room hotel.

4.11.4 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES (PDF)
PDF LU-1: GRRSP as Amended: The proposed GRRSP as amended (i.e., Modified Project) is intended to provide for the orderly and efficient development of the Green River Ranch property in accordance with the provisions of the City of Corona General Plan. The proposed GRRSPA contains design guidelines and development standards which apply only to properties within the GRRSP Planning Area. The guidelines and standards are intended to implement the goals, objectives, and policies of the City’s General Plan.

The proposed GRRSPA contains a number of development standards and design guidelines related to visual quality as presented previously in PDF AES-1 (see Section 4.1). Subsection

2.1 of the GRRSPA presents the Land Use Plan followed by the Land Use Plan Designations in Section 2.2.1. As detailed in Section 2.2.1, the land use plan designations include the following:
• Business Park Industrial. The GRRSPA includes 49.31 acres of Business Park Industrial (BPI) uses on the south side of Green River Road. The BPI category is intended to accommodate single- and multitenant light industrial, warehouse, and incubator uses with supporting offices. Limited sales and services for industrial, construction and or similar types of uses are also allowed. These uses offer special opportunities for development within the GRRSP Planning Area and have been identified as appropriate given their proximity to the 91 Freeway. This type of development will provide significant economic and employment base opportunities within the City of Corona and Riverside County, allowing Green River Ranch to take

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advantage of the explosive growth of industrial, incubator, and small entrepreneurial businesses expected to continue through the 21st Century. • General Commercial. The GRRSPA includes 5.5 acres of General Commercial (GC) uses on the north side of Green River Road. The GC area is easily accessible from SR91 and is intended to provide services for travelers and local residents. Planned uses include, but are not limited to, a service stations, restaurants (fast food, turnover, and high quality), and neighborhood retail.
• Estate Residential. The GRRSPA includes 20.39 acres of Estate Residential (ER) uses in the central portion of the Planning Area and south the planned BPI areas. Business Park Industrial. This land use is intended to provide property for single-family detached residences on individual lots. Portions of the residential lots would remain as natural open space to allow the preservation of natural drainage features and partial use of the area by wildlife.
• Open Space General. The GRRSPA includes 83.34 acres of Open Space General in the southern most half of the Planning Area and south of the EIR uses. The Open Space General area would accommodate land permanently committed to protecting the natural vegetation communities and habitat. The designation will protect habitat, topography, scenic quality, and other natural resources and allow for wildlife movement in and through the area.

Subsection 3.2 of the GRRSPA presents the Permitted Uses in Each Land Use Designation.

Table 2 - Permitted Uses in Subsection 3.2 details the specific permitted and conditionally permitted uses allowed within each of the four land use categories proposed in the GRRSPA.

4.11.5 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal land use regulations that apply to the Modified Project.

STATE REGULATIONS
There are no State land use regulations that apply to the Modified Project.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
Southern California Association of Governments
The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) is a council of governments representing Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura counties.

SCAG is the federally recognized metropolitan planning organization (MPO) for this region, which encompasses over 38,000 square miles. SCAG is a regional planning agency and a

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forum for addressing regional issues concerning transportation, the economy, community development, and the environment. SCAG is also the regional clearinghouse for projects requiring environmental documentation under federal and state law. In this role, SCAG reviews proposed development and infrastructure projects to analyze their impacts on regional planning programs. As the southern California region’s MPO, SCAG cooperates with the South Coast Air Quality Management District, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and other agencies in preparing regional planning documents. SCAG has developed regional plans to achieve specific regional objectives. The plans most applicable to the proposed project are discussed below.

Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy In September 2020, SCAG adopted the 2020–2045 RTP/SCS, “Connect SoCal,” which builds upon and expands land use and transportation strategies established over several planning cycles to increase mobility options and achieve a more sustainable growth pattern. The longrange visioning plan balances future mobility and housing needs with goals for the environment, the regional economy, social equity and environmental justice, and public health.

In response to the NOP, SCAG identified specific goals included in Connect SoCal that may be pertinent to the proposed Modified Project as follows:
• Goal #1: Encourage regional economic prosperity and global competitiveness. • Goal #2: Improve mobility, accessibility, reliability and travel safety for people and goods.
• Goal #3: Enhance the preservation, security, and resilience of the regional transportation system.
• Goal #4: Increase person and goods movement and travel choices within the transportation system.
• Goal #5: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality. • Goal #6: Support healthy and equitable communities.
• Goal #7: Adapt to a changing climate and support an integrated regional development pattern and transportation network.
• Goal #8: Leverage new transportation technologies and data-driven solutions that result in more efficient travel.
• Goal #9: Encourage development of diverse housing types in areas that are supported by multiple transportation options.
• Goal #10: Promote conservation of natural and agricultural lands and restoration of habitats.

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LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona General Plan
The current General Plan was adopted by the City in June of 2020, to comply with the requirements of California Government Code § 65300 et seq., which mandates that each California city have a comprehensive, long-range, internally consistent plan for its future development. The General Plan also addresses the provision of services needed and desired by the community to support its ultimate development. The General Plan contains the following elements: Land Use; Housing; Community Design; Historic Resources; Economic Development; Parks, Recreation, Cultural Arts, & Education; Circulation; Infrastructure and Utilities; Public Safety; Noise; Healthy Community; and Environmental Resources.

The General Plan provides the basis for land use designations in the City. As required by state planning law, the General Plan Land Use Plan and the Zoning Code are internally consistent.

The Zoning Ordinance, Title 17 of the Municipal Code, is one of the primary means of implementing the General Plan.

The GRRSP was originally prepared in accordance with the then relevant goals and objectives of the City’s General Plan when adopted in 2001. Given the General Plan was updated in 2020, the GRRSPA’s consistency with applicable General Plan goals and objectives is necessary.

Table 4.11-3 presented in subsection 4.11.7, Impact LU-2, lists the applicable General Plan goals and provides a discussion of how the GRRSPA conforms to them.

4.11.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant agricultural and forest resources impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Project-related component would:

Threshold LU-1 Physically divide an established community? Threshold LU-2 Cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect?

METHODOLOGY
The potential land use and planning impacts associated with the Modified Project were evaluated through a qualitative comparison of the anticipated project effects with existing site conditions and characteristics of surrounding land uses. The proposed Project was evaluated for consistency with existing land use plans, regulations, and policies applicable to the Project site and its vicinity. Inconsistency with plans and policies alone would not necessarily constitute a significant impact, unless the inconsistency results in what would be considered an adverse physical change to the environment. Significant impacts would occur if the

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proposed Project would result in adverse physical environmental affects in accordance with the thresholds described below.

4.11.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

LU-1 Physically divide an
established
community?
LU-2 Conflict with any
land use plan, policy,
or regulation adopted
for the purpose of
avoiding or
mitigating an
environmental
effect?

IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact LU-1: Physically divide an established community? Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

No changes in the location, size, or boundaries of the GRRSP Planning Area boundary have occurred since adoption of the GRRSP in 2001. As discussed in the Project Description, the Modified Project would modify the size and boundaries of the GRRSP, however minimally in the northern portion of the Project site. In addition, the eastern portion of the Project site has been slightly expanded to incorporate appropriate grading limits within the hilly terrain.

Since approval of the 2001 EIR, the horse boarding operation has ceased existence and the only active land use within the Modified Project boundary are the two homes located in the east and central portions of the Planning Area. Implementation of the proposed Modified Project would necessitate the removal of these facilities homes and other faculties. However, the on-site land uses do not represent an identified community. In addition, the GRRSP

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Planning Area is located at the western edge of the City and is not surrounded by a community.

Development of the Modified Project would not physically divide an established community resulting in a less than significant impact requiring no mitigation. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact LU-2: Cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

As discussed previously, land use regulation of the Modified Project site are governed by the existing GRRSP. The main change to the existing GRRSP proposed as part of the GRRSPA involves replacing the current Mixed-Use (MU) land use in PAs 1, 2, and 3 with a more focused or specific Business Park Industrial (BPI) land use type and the permanent designation of approximately 80.77 acres in the southern half of the GRRSP Planning area for dedication to the Riverside Conservation Agency for the purposes of providing consistency with the Western Riverside Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (WR-MSHCP). In contrast to the wide range of land uses allowed in the MU designation including retail, service and support commercial, light industrial, hotel/motel, or office uses the proposed BPI land use would lock down the land use types allowed by focusing on accommodating single- and multitenant light industrial, warehouse, and incubator uses with supporting offices. The balance of the GRRSP planned land uses would remain essentially the same as originally approved with GC allowed in the approximately 5-acre area PA north of Green River Road and south of the railroad tracks, ER south of and above the proposed BPI Development but on a reduced amount of property, and Open Space further south.

Consistency discussions with applicable Connect SoCal goals are provided below in Table

4.11-2 as follows:

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Table 4.11-2: GRRSPA (Modified Project) Consistency with Connect SoCal Goals Goal Analysis
Goal #1: Encourage regional economic
prosperity and global competitiveness.

Consistent: The GRRSP Planning Area abuts the City’s western limits and represents a cohesive extension of the City’s growth and development. The GRRSP planned land uses include a mix of general commercial, estate residential, and business park industrial uses. The non-residential businesses that locate in Green River Ranch will generate employment opportunities and property tax and sales revenue to the City of Corona. Positioned as the western gateway into the City, the project allows for freeway-oriented business and commercial uses to also capture passer-by spending.

Goal #2: Improve mobility,
accessibility, reliability and travel
safety for people and goods.

Consistent: See response to Goal #1. In addition, because the GRRSP is located in the SR-91 corridor area development of the planned commercial and industrial business park non-residential uses in this area will reduce trip distances by providing a short trip length to and from the site and SR-91.

Goal #3: Enhance the preservation,
security, and resilience of the regional
transportation system.

Consistent: As part of the development of Green River Ranch, improvements will be made to the Green River Road right-of-way.

This roadway is an important part of the regional roadway network, connecting with SR-91.

Goal #4: Increase person and goods
movement and travel choices within
the transportation system.

Consistent: See response to Goal #3.

Goal #5: Reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and improve air quality.

Consistent: As concluded in Section 4.3 of this SEIR, the GRRSP will not obstruct the City’s ability to reduce GHG emissions from City operations. Project-specific GHG emissions attributable to the GRRSP as amended were determined to be less than significant with incorporation of GHG reduction features required for consistency with the City’s CAP.

Goal #6: Support healthy and equitable
communities.

Consistent: The GRRSP would provide a long-range plan for the property that places new non-residential development along the SR-91 corridor and places ER lots in the southern portion of the property at higher elevations. The residential lots would be custom designed and placed considering the topography and environmental sensitivities of the estate residential area. The non-residential development would adhere to the California Green Building Standards Code as applicable at the time of building permit issuance, which requires a variety of energy conservation features to meet broad environmental objectives.

Goal #7: Adapt to a changing climate
and support an integrated regional
development pattern and
transportation network.

Consistent: See responses to Goal #1 and #3.

Goal #8: Leverage new transportation
technologies and data-driven solutions
that result in more efficient travel.

Not applicable: The ability for a specific project to affect the efficiency of the transportation system through use of new technologies is limited.

This goal is more appropriately addressed by local government agencies and transit districts.

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Table 4.11-2: GRRSPA (Modified Project) Consistency with Connect SoCal Goals Goal Analysis
Goal #9: Encourage development of
diverse housing types in areas that are
supported by multiple transportation
options.

Consistent: See response to Goals #1, #2, #3 and #4.

Goal #10: Promote conservation of
natural and agricultural lands and
restoration of habitats.

Consistent: As detailed in Section 4.2 of this SEIR, the proposed Project would not affect agricultural lands. The proposed Project would result in the dedication of 83.34 acres of property in the southern half of the GRRSP Planning Area to the RCA for inclusion in the habitat reserve assembly in accordance with the WR-MSHCP.

As discussed in Table 4.11-2, the proposed Project is consistent with applicable Connect SoCal goals.

Consistency discussions with applicable City General Plan goals are provided below in Table

4.11-3 as follows:

Table 4.11-3: GRRSPA (Modified Project) Conformance with City General Plan Goals Goal Project Conformance
Land Use
LU-1: A community that contains a
diversity of land uses that support the
needs of and provide a high quality of
life for its residents, sustain, and
enhance the City’s economy and fiscal
balance, are supported by adequate
community infrastructure and
services, and are compatible with the
environmental setting and resources.

Conforms: The GRRSP Planning Area abuts the City’s western limits and represents a cohesive extension of the City’s growth. The GRRSP would provide the structure for a mix of general commercial, estate residential, business park industrial uses, and Open .Space. The nonresidential uses will occur near SR-91 and generate employment opportunities and property tax and sales revenue to the City of Corona. Positioned as the western gateway into the City, the project allows for freeway-oriented business and commercial uses to capture passer-by spending. The residential estate lots will occur in the higher elevations, allowing for the retention of topographic character and environmental resources.

LU-2: A cohesive and integrated city
of distinct and vital commercial and
business districts and livable
residential neighborhoods, correlated
with supporting transportation and
utility infrastructure that sustain
natural open spaces hillsides, and
canyons.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan coincides with the City’s goal of creating a cohesive and integrated city. The Specific Plan proposes a mixture of commercial, business park industrial, estate residential, and open space uses in proximity to existing infrastructure. The residential estate lots will occur in the higher elevations, allowing for the retention of existing topographic including hillsides and canyons. The flatter areas of the site near SR-91 are planned for the commercial and business park industrial uses.

LU-3: A development pattern that
retains and complements the City’s
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Table 4.11-3: GRRSPA (Modified Project) Conformance with City General Plan Goals Goal Project Conformance
important residential neighborhoods,
commercial and industrial districts,
and open spaces.
character, including nonresidential uses along the SR-91 corridor and residential neighborhoods to the southeast in higher elevations, as well as open space to the south and to the west in unincorporated Riverside County.

LU-4: Strategic growth that preserves
viable residential neighborhoods and
commercial and industrial districts,
targets new development to parcels
that are environmentally suitable and
can be supported by infrastructure and
services, and re-uses appropriate
properties to enhance their economic
vitality and community livability.

The Specific Plan area abuts the City’s western limits and represents a cohesive extension of the City’s growth. The new non-residential development is targeted to the flattest portions of the site along the SR91 corridor, with estate residential lots targeted to the higher elevations.

The uses are environmentally suitable to their planned locations and will enhance the city’s economic vitality and community livability.

LU-5: Distinct and well-maintained
neighborhoods and districts that
contribute to the identity, character,
and image of Corona as a livable,
diverse, innovative, and
environmentally sustainable
community.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan provides a long-range plan for the property that places new nonresidential development along the SR91 corridor and places estate residential lots in the southern portion of the property at higher elevations. The residential lots would be custom designed and placed considering the topography and environmental sensitivities of the estate residential area. The non-residential development would adhere to the California Green Building Standards Code as applicable at the time of building permit issuance, which requires a variety of energy conservation features to meet broad environmental objectives. Refer to the Subsequent Environmental Impact Report prepared for the Green River Ranch Specific Plan for more information about environmental objectives and sustainability.

LU-6: A community that promotes
sustainability in the planning, design,
and construction of developments to
create a more livable community and
achieve broader economic and
environmental objectives.

LU-7: Residential neighborhoods that
contain a diversity of housing and
supporting uses to meet the needs of
Corona’s residents and that are
designed to enhance livability and a
high quality of life.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan includes a planned residential neighborhood 32 single-family estate lots on a minimum lot size of 25,000 square feet. The large lots will add to the City’s range of available housing types and quality of life.

LU-8: Assure the integrity, quality, and
livability of Corona’s existing
residential neighborhoods, preserving
those elements that give them
character, cohesion, and quality of life.

There are no existing neighborhoods within the Specific Plan area.

Although, the Specific Plan was designed with special consideration given to the Sierra del Oro residential community in the vicinity.

Commercial and industrial development is limited to the lower elevations of the site, adjacent to existing retail facilities along the SR91 Freeway. Special design guidelines are proposed to screen rooftop equipment and accessory uses from higher elevation views, and to break up large parking lot expanses with canopy trees so that the development areas have a natural appearance when viewed from the higher elevation residences in the vicinity.

LU-9: Development of new residential
neighborhoods that complement
existing neighborhoods, contain a mix
of neighborhood-supportive land uses,
The Specific Plan proposes to fill the demand for high-end custom home sites within the western portion of the City which, according to market analysis, is not being met within Corona. The project proposes a total of 32 single-family residential dwellings on 20.39 acres. All lots

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Table 4.11-3: GRRSPA (Modified Project) Conformance with City General Plan Goals Goal Project Conformance
exhibit high quality architectural
design, and ensure a high level of
livability for their residents.
are intended for use as custom home sites. The Green River Ranch Specific Plan includes architectural and landscape design guidelines and standards for residential development. These guidelines and standards, together with the entitlement process described in Chapter 5 of the Specific Plan, are intended to ensure that residential development results in construction of aesthetically pleasing neighborhoods with high quality homes.

LU-10: Development of low-density
residential neighborhoods in areas on
the city’s southern periphery that
preserve the rural and open space
character of their setting.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan is not located on the city’s southern periphery. Although, the Green River Ranch Specific Plan has been designed to significantly limit non-residential development to the lower foothills of the property, leaving the steeper hillsides for only 32 low density rural residential lots and semi-rural scale of development, and thereby retaining a substantial portion of the hillsides in its natural state.

LU-11: A diversity of viable
commercial and professional office
districts and corridors that contain uses
supporting resident, business, and
visitor needs and that contribute
revenue to the City to fund essential
services and maintain a high quality of
life.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan’s general commercial and business park industrial uses assist in promoting the City’s employment base. Additionally, because the Specific Plan area acts as the western gateway into the City, the project allows for freewayoriented business and commercial uses geared toward travelers arriving into the City.

LU-12: Development and maintenance
of industrial land uses that provide a
wide range of employment
opportunities for Corona’s residents
and that provide sufficient goods,
services, and revenues to sustain the
City’s economy.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan’s business park industrial land use allows for a range of light industrial and business park uses. These uses provide employment opportunities for Corona’s residents, and assist in providing sufficient goods, services, and revenue to sustain the City’s economy.

LU-13: Vital and active mixed-use
districts that provide a mix of housing
in proximity to commercial uses,
services, entertainment, and public
transit that provide a mix of office,
commercial, and/or industrial uses that
support the local economy.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan provides the structure for a mix of general commercial, estate residential, business park industrial uses, and open space. The non-residential uses will house a variety of businesses, enhance the local economy, and occur near SR-91 and adjacent to existing infrastructure and commercial uses to the east.

Nearby residential uses both off-site and in the estate residential portion of the Specific Plan add to the diversification of uses in the general area in furtherance of the City’s goal to provide an integrated mix of uses.

LU-14: Economically vital districts
that are characterized by and benefit
from their integrated mix of industries,
retail, and office uses.

LU-16: Open spaces that provide
Corona’s residents with opportunities
to enjoy the natural environment,
provide visual “relief” from urban
development, protect significant plant
and animal habitats, and protect
The southern portion of the project area consists of steep hillsides, incised canyons, and mountainous areas with limited development potential. As such, the Green River Specific Plan designates this area for 83.55 acres of open space. This land use designation will not allow for development in order to retain open space and conservation of the land in its’ natural state.

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Table 4.11-3: GRRSPA (Modified Project) Conformance with City General Plan Goals Goal Project Conformance
development from natural
environmental hazards.

Housing
H-1: Promote and maintain a balance
of housing types and corresponding
affordability levels to provide for the
community's demands for housing
within all economic segments of the
City.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan proposes to fill the demand for high-end custom home sites with 3-acre average lot sizes within the western portion of the City. According to market analysis, the demand for custom home sites is range of housing opportunities available in the City and provide alternatives to conventional production housing in a location convenient to community services.

H-3: Maintain high quality residential
development standards to ensure the
establishment of livable
neighborhoods with lasting safety and
aesthetic value, and to promote the
maintenance and preservation of
historic neighborhoods.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan proposes to help fill the demand for high-end custom house sites within the City which, according to market analysis, is not currently being met within Corona. The Green River Ranch Specific Plan includes architectural and landscape design guidelines and standards for residential development. These guidelines and standards, together with the entitlement process described in Chapter 5 of the Specific Plan, are intended to ensure that residential development results in construction of aesthetically pleasing neighborhoods with high quality homes.

H-4: Ensure that housing opportunities
are available to all persons without
regard to race, color, ancestry or
national origin, religion, marital status,
familial status, age, gender, disability,
source of income, sexual orientation,
or any other arbitrary factors.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan accommodates 32 single-family residential dwellings on a minimum lot size of 25,000 square feet per dwelling. The intent is to widen the range of housing opportunities available in the City and provide alternatives to conventional production housing in a location convenient to community services.

Community Design
CD-1: Public street landscapes that
unify the City of Corona and contribute
to the unique identity of its
neighborhoods, districts, and public
places.

Green River Road functions as a major roadway corridor and entry to the City of Corona. Along the Green River Ranch frontage, a City gateway entry feature and project entries with special landscape elements will be established to create a strong identity and arrival sequence to the City and Specific Plan area. The gateway elements, streetscape plantings, and additional landscape buffer adjoining Green River Road will reinforce the importance of this roadway to the project area, and to the City as a whole.

CD-2: Entries that are well defined by
signage, landscaping, lighting, and
other visual landmarks that provide a
clear sense of arrival into and identity
for the City of Corona.

Careful consideration has been given to the location and treatment of project entries. Entries are intended to establish a high-quality image for the City. From a City gateway feature, to landscaped streets, to primary project entry, to secondary project entries. The design intent is to create a visual gateway as visitors arrive into the City, and to create distinctive points of arrival at the primary and secondary entry points to the Specific Plan area. The entries will serve to reinforce the distinctive character of the community at key intersections.

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CD-3: Well designed, high quality, and
distinctive public and private signage
that identifies key City districts, public
facilities, buildings, and facilitates
wayfinding.

Signs within the Specific Plan area are intended to help create an identity and desirable destination for the project as a whole, to provide clear and simple directions for ingress and egress, and to add an element of consistency to the project. Refer to Section 3 of the Green River Ranch Specific Plan for further details on signage and wayfinding standards.

CD-6: Develop and implement land
use controls that preserve significant
visual resources from potential loss or
disruption.

A Visual Resources Analysis was completed for the Green River Ranch Specific Plan to show that the project would protect the scenic character and quality of the property, in part through compliance with the Specific Plan’s design guidelines and development standards.

CD-7: Maintain, establish, develop,
and protect the City’s highways and
corridors for scenic purposes.

Paleontological Resources
HR-3: Recognize the importance of
archeological and paleontological
resources and ensure the identification
and protection of those resources
within the City of Corona.

A Cultural Resources Assessment report was prepared for the Green River Ranch Specific Plan property, which indicated that there are no known significant archaeological resources present. The Subsequent Environmental Impact Report addresses the topics of archaeology and paleontology and presents measures to ensure that any resources discovered during the Project’s construction, however unlikely, will be appropriately identified and treated.

HR-4: Recognize, identify, and protect
natural resources for their historic and
cultural value, and include these
features in the historic resource
management program.

These goals do not apply. A Cultural Resources Assessment report was prepared for the Green River Ranch Specific Plan property, which indicated that there are no historically significant resources present.

The Specific Plan does not offer opportunity to increase community awareness about heritage, cultural, or historic resources, nor to strengthen historic preservation partnerships. HR-5: Foster increased community awareness and appreciation for
Corona’s unique heritage and the many
cultural and historical resources found
in the City.

HR-6: Build and strengthen
preservation partnerships between the
City and property owners, businesses,
community organizations, educational
institutions, and State and federal
agencies.

Economic Development

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ED-1: Promote a strong and diversified
economic base by attracting quality
businesses and encouraging existing
businesses to expand their sales,
facilities, and employment.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan provides for general commercial and business park industrial uses in the SR-91 corridor. The businesses that locate in Green River Ranch will generate employment opportunities and property tax and sales revenue to the City of Corona.

Positioned as the western gateway into the City, the project allows for freeway-oriented business and commercial uses to also capture passerby spending.

ED-2: Promote a growing and skilled
labor force.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan provides employment opportunities to support the commercial and business park industrial uses. A range of business types are permitted in these land use categories, many of which require a skilled labor force.

ED-4: Ensure fiscal viability for the
City by pursuing a diversified local
business base that provides growing
sales and property tax revenues to pay
for municipal operations.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan provides for general commercial and business park industrial uses. The non-residential uses will occur near SR-91 and generate employment opportunities and property tax and sales revenue to the City of Corona. Positioned as the western gateway into the City, the project also allows for freeway-oriented business and commercial uses to capture passer-by spending.

ED-5: Pursue a range of financing
opportunities to fund infrastructure and
public facilities.

As part of the development of Green River Ranch, public infrastructure will be installed, including roadway improvements to Green River Road and Dominguez Ranch Road. Additionally, the development will be required to pay impact feestowards public infrastructure and facility improvements in the City.

ED-6: Continue investing in the City’s
economic development.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan area abuts the City’s western limits and represents a cohesive extension of the City’s growth and development. The Specific Plan provides the structure for a mix of general commercial, estate residential, and business park industrial uses. The non-residential uses will occur near SR-91 and positively contribute to the City’s economic strength and growth. Development in Green River Ranch also will increase recurring sales tax and property tax, and generate recurring earned income for the employees who will work at the businesses located in the Specific Plan area, triggering direct and indirect secondary economic growth.

Circulation
CE-1: A roadway network of complete
streets that provide accessibility for all
users of all ages and abilities while
maintaining context sensitivity to the
land uses identified in the Land Use
Element.

As part of the development of Green River Ranch, public roadways will be improved, including roadway improvements to Green River Road and Dominguez Ranch Road. Sidewalks and bicycle lanes are provided along Green River Road according to City standards for the roadway classification. A sidewalk system also will be provided along private Street “A” internal to the Specific Plan area.

CE-2: A network of regional roadway
facilities to ensure the safe and
efficient movement of people and
goods from within the City to areas
outside its boundaries and that reduce
regional cut-through traffic in the City.

As part of the development of Green River Ranch, improvements will be made to the Green River Road right-of-way. This roadway is an important part of the regional roadway network, connecting with SR91.

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CE-3: Maximize the efficiency of the
circulation system through the use of
transportation system management
strategies. Reduce total vehicular miles
traveled in Corona through the
development and improvement of
alternative transportation modes, the
reduction in the number of trips
generated, and the reduction in trip
distances.

CE-4: A public transportation system
that provides mobility for residents and
encourages use of public transportation
as an alternative to automobile travel.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan is located in the SR-91 corridor area. The development of commercial and industrial business park nonresidential uses in this area will encourage carpooling and public transportation use in and around the freeway corridor. No public transportation improvements are targeted for inside the Specific Plan boundary. All roads interior to Green River Ranch will be private roads.

CE-5: Develop and maintain
convenient bikeway and pedestrian
systems to satisfy both recreational
desires and transportation needs using
a complete streets approach to
accommodate users of all modes,
abilities, and needs.

As part of the development of Green River Ranch, public roadways will be improved, including roadway improvements to Green River Road, and Dominguez Ranch Road. Sidewalks and bicycle lanes are provided along Green River Road according to City standards for the roadway classification. A sidewalk system also will be provided along private Street “A” internal to the Specific Plan area.

CE-6: Facilitate goods movement to
support local commerce, while
protecting residents and visitors from
the negative effects of noise, vibration,
and air pollution typically associated
with truck operations and rail service.

The business park industrial uses in Green River Ranch are anticipated to directly support goods movement and local commerce. The development standards and design guidelines included in the Specific Plan are aimed at context-sensitive development. In addition, a variety of technical studies prepared as part of the Green River Ranch Subsequent Environmental Impact Report will address and mitigate for any significant negative effects associated with business operations, including truck operations that service the buildings.

CE-7: Provide an adequate supply of
convenient parking for all
developments in the City in a manner
that is consistent with the goals of
managing transportation demand.

Parking in the Specific Plan area is required to meet the requirements of Corona Municipal Code Section 17.76. See Specific Plan Table 3, Development Standards.

Infrastructure and Utilities
IU-1: Secure water supply, water
treatment, distribution, pumping, and
storage systems that meet the current
and projected future daily and peak
water demands of Corona in an
equitable, efficient, and sustainable
manner.

The Water Supply Assessment prepared for the Green River Ranch Specific Plan demonstrates that an adequate supply of water is available for the project in addition to the City’s other water supply commitments.

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IU-2: Minimize water consumption
and urban runoff generation through
site design, the use of water
conservation systems, and other
techniques.

The landscape plant palette presented in Specific Plan Section 4.3.6 focus on the use of low and medium water use plant material. Also, development will be required to comply with the California Green Building Standards Code, which requires the use of water conserving features in building design.

IU-3: A secure sewer collection and
treatment system that meets current
and projected future daily and peak
load demands in Corona and protects
public health and the environment in
an efficient, equitable, and sustainable
manner.

A Sewer Study was prepared for the Green River Ranch Specific Plan that demonstrates a secure sewer collection and treatment system that meets current and projected future daily and peak load demands in Corona and protects public health and the environment.

IU-4: Adequate planning,
construction, maintenance, and
funding for storm drainage and storage
control facilities to support permitted
land uses and protect the health and
safety of the public and environment.

The Water Supply Assessment and Hydrology Report prepared for the Green River Ranch Specific Plan demonstrates through onsite drainage facilities, catch basins, and best management practices the Green River Ranch Specific Plan area will be compliant with Goals IU-4 and IU-5.

IU-5: Ensure that urban runoff from
existing and new development does not
degrade the quality of the City’s
surface waters, groundwater system,
and other sensitive environmental
areas.

IU-6: Maintain solid waste collection,
recycling, and disposal services,
programs, and regulations in
accordance with California mandates.

Development in the Green River Ranch Specific Plan is required to comply with all City and State mandated waste collection and recycling requirements.

IU-7: Reliable and safe natural gas,
electrical, and renewable energy
supplies and facilities to support
existing and future uses within Corona.

The Specific Plan area will be served with adequate infrastructure, and is located adjacent to Green River Road where infrastructure systems are in place. For further analysis, energy consumption is evaluated as part of the project’s Subsequent Environmental Impact Report.

IU-8: Allow for the provision of an
adequate, safe, and orderly supply of
telecommunication infrastructure to
support existing and future land uses
within the City.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan will be supplied with adequate infrastructure and will not obstruct the provision of adequate, safe, and orderly telecommunication infrastructure.

Public Safety
PS-1: Adequate protection of the
health, safety, and welfare of the
public, property and economic
investments, and community social
and service functions from seismic and
geologic events.

Seismic ground shaking could affect the Green River Ranch site in a similar manner as all properties in the area. Design of all structures is required to comply with the California Building Standards code and City of Corona ordinances which will mitigate seismic hazards to an acceptable level. Structures will be designed to withstand earthshaking from the maximum credible earthquake that can be expected, as well

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as impacts from secondary seismic hazards in accordance with recommendations in the Subsequent Environmental Impact Report.

PS-2: Adequate protection of the
health, safety, and welfare of the
public, property and economic losses,
and community social and service
functions from flooding and dam
inundation events.

The Green River Ranch project will not compromise public health, safety, or welfare due to flooding. No dams are located or are proposed within the project site. Also, a storm water infrastructure system will be installed as called for by the Specific Plan to handle water collection and discharge into the City’s storm water drainage system.

PS-3: Ensure that the health, safety,
and general welfare of residents and
visitors of the City of Corona,
including the overall health of the
natural environment, is provided
through good land use planning and
strict adherence and enforcement of the
City of Corona Hazardous Material
Area Plan, Local Hazard Mitigation
Plan, California Fire Code, Certified
Unified Program Agency, and other
pertinent sources and documents.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan ensures the health, safety, and general welfare of residents and visitors is valued by using good land use planning and strict adherence and enforcement of all health and safety requirements. Additionally, the Specific Plan includes guidelines for wildfire protection in Specific Plan Section 4.3.5. Refer to the Subsequent Environmental Impact Report for more information.

PS-5: Ensure that there is an adequate
service level of law enforcement
services provided for all residents,
visitors, and businesses throughout the
City of Corona.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan will not interfere with the City’s ability to provide an adequate level of law enforcement services.

Impact fees and recurring tax revenue generated by development in Green River Ranch will support law enforcement services.

PS-6: Ensure that police services are
provided in a manner that reflects and
is sensitive to the characteristics and
needs of resident population, visitors,
and business community.

PS-7: Encourage the use of land use
and development configuration and
site design standards within residential
and other developments to minimize
crime and improve the safety for
residents, visitors, and employees.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan’s non-residential development is positioned along Green River Road, which is a safe and convenient location for such uses. The 32 estate residential lots will be accessed by private roads, which the Specific Plan states may be gated for security.

PS-8: Ensure that there is an adequate
service level of fire protection and
suppression services provided for all
residents, visitors, and businesses
throughout the City of Corona to meet
community expectations and
budgetary resources for safety.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan area will be served by the City’s Fire Department and development within its boundaries is required to comply with the Department’s Uniform Fire Code. Fire services will be provided by the Fire Station #5 located at 1200 West Canyon Crest Drive, just less than one mile east of the project along Green River Road. Emergency response time to all parts of the Specific Plan area will be five minutes or less (i.e., two miles or less), which meets or exceeds the City’s criteria for residential, industrial, and commercial development response times. The site is located in a high fire hazard PS-9: Through fire prevention and
educational efforts, promote

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participation, voluntary compliance
and community awareness of fire
safety issues in order to reduce the
incidence and severity of fire and
related emergencies and loss.
area, which requires conformance with the City of Corona Fire Department’s Fuel Modification Program. The Specific Plan incorporates landscaping standards and guidelines in compliance with that program for areas that are susceptible to wild land fire hazards.

The Specific Plan proposes a minimum 150’ fuel modification zone at the edge of the graded slope areas where they interface with the wild land hillside, as shown on Exhibit 14, Conceptual Landscape Plan. A more detailed Fuel Modification Plan will be submitted to the City for review and approval as part of Precise Plan approvals. Further, potential fire impacts and appropriate mitigation measures will be evaluated as part of the Environmental Impact Report prepared for the project.

PS-10: Reduce fire risk to life and
property through effective land use
planning and compliance with federal,
state, local laws, ordinances, and
standards.

Noise
N-1: Protect residents, visitors, and
noise-sensitive land uses from the
adverse human health and
environmental impacts created by
excessive noise levels from
transportation sources by requiring
proactive mitigation.

Potential noise impacts and appropriate mitigation measures will be evaluated as part of the Subsequent Environmental Impact Report prepared for the project.

N-2: Prevent and mitigate the adverse
impacts of excessive ambient noise
exposure, including vibration on
residents, employees, visitors, and
“noise sensitive” land uses.

N-3: Discourage the spillover or
encroachment of unacceptable noise
levels from mixed use, commercial,
and industrial land uses on to noise
sensitive land uses.

N-4: Minimize noise impacts created
by railroad transit and airport
operations and flight patterns on
residential areas and other “noise
sensitive” land use areas.

Healthy Community
HC-2: Protection of residents,
business, and visitors from exposure to
pollution and improvement of air
quality for the community.

Potential air quality impacts and appropriate mitigation measures will be evaluated as part of the Subsequent Environmental Impact Report prepared for the project.

HC-4: Ample opportunities for
housing that is safe, sanitary, and
healthful for residents of all ages,
abilities, and incomes.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan proposes to fill the demand for high-end custom home sites with 25,000 sq. ft. minimum lot sizes within the western portion of the City. According to market analysis, the demand for custom home sites is not being met within Corona. The

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Table 4.11-3: GRRSPA (Modified Project) Conformance with City General Plan Goals Goal Project Conformance
intent is to widen the range of housing opportunities available in the City and provide alternatives to conventional production housing in a location convenient to community services.

Environmental Resources
ER-1: Enhancement, protection, and
management of the quality and
quantity of hydrologic resources in
Corona to ensure its long-term quality
and sustainability.

A Hydrology Report and Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) that supplements the Green River Ranch Specific Plan have been prepared. A storm water infrastructure system will be installed as called for by the Specific Plan to handle storm water collection and discharge into the City’s storm water drainage system. A large portion of the estate residential area would remain undeveloped, allowing water to continue percolating into the natural drainage system. There is no development proposed in Planning Area 7.

ER-2: Sustainable use of finite water
resources for the long-term use of
residents, the business community, and
visitors of Corona.

ER-3: Long-term groundwater
sustainability of the local water supply
for domestic, commercial, industrial,
agricultural, environmental protection,
and other purposes.

There is a large portion of the Green River Ranch Specific Plan project site will be maintained as permeable surfaces to allow for groundwater infiltration. For further analysis, refer to the prepared Green River Ranch Hydrology Report and Subsequent Environmental Impact Report.

ER-4: Proper management of
floodplain and riparian areas for their
importance to wildlife habitat, unique
and sensitive plant life, water recharge,
and public health and safety.

A portion of the estate residential area would remain undeveloped, allowing water to percolate into the natural drainage system and groundwater table and for riparian areas to continue serving as habitat for wildlife.

ER-5: Preservation and protection of
natural and manmade wetlands from
development impacts for their
importance to wildlife habitat, unique
and sensitive plant life, water recharge,
and scenic value.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan advocates for sensitive placement of residential developmental building pads for the protection and preservation of natural and man-made wetlands from development impacts for their importance of wildlife habitat, unique and sensitive plant life, water recharge and scenic value. For additional analysis on biological preservation and protection, refer to the Biological Resources section of the Subsequent Environmental Impact Report prepared for the Green River Ranch Specific Plan.

ER-6: Protection, enhancement, and
sustaining of significant plant and
wildlife species and habitat that exist in
Corona and its Planning Area, for the
long-term benefit of the natural
environment and Corona residents and
visitors.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan provides for a mix of general commercial, estate residential, and business park industrial uses. The non-residential uses will occur near SR-91 in the most non-sensitive portions of the property for biological resources. The Green River Ranch Specific Plan advocates for sensitive placement of residential developmental building pads in the southern portion of the property for the protection and preservation of sensitive biological resources. For additional analysis on biological resources, refer to the Biological Resources section of the Subsequent Environmental Impact Report prepared for the Green River Ranch Specific Plan.

ER-7: Adequate protection of
biological resources and increased
public awareness of their value to the
community.

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ER-8: Protection of forest and
vegetation resources in the City of
Corona.

ER-9: Protection of regional washes
and waterways and their use for
recreational and open space purposes
such as trails, habitat preservation, and
groundwater recharge.

ER-12: Improvement in air quality
within the Corona Planning Area by
controlling point sources, reducing
vehicle trips, implementing efficient
land use planning and construction
practices, and energy conservation.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan is located in the SR-91 corridor area. The development of commercial and industrial business park nonresidential uses in this area will reduce trip distances, and associated vehicular air emissions, by providing a short trip length to and from the site and the State Highway System. Development in the Specific Plan area will be required to comply with the California Green Building Standards Code, which requires energy conservation in construction practices.

ER-13: Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions from City operations and
community-wide sources 15% below
2008 levels by 2020, 49% below 2008
levels by 2030, and 66% below 2008
levels by 2040.

The Green River Ranch Specific Plan will not obstruct the City’s ability to reduce GHG operations from City operations. Refer to the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Report prepared for the Green River Ranch Specific Plan Subsequent Environmental Impact Analysis for an analysis of project-specific GHG emissions and an explanation of consistency with GHG reduction goals.

As presented in the discussions contained in Table 4.11-2, the Modified Project would be consistent with applicable Connect SoCal goals regarding sustainable communities, efficient transportation systems, and GHG reduction measures. As presented in the discussions contained in and 4.11-3, the Modified Project would conform with applicable City General Plan Goals regarding: Type, Distribution and Form of Land Uses; Growth and Development; Community Quality and Sense of Place; General Residential; Existing Residential Neighborhoods; New Residential Neighborhoods; Commercial and Office Districts; Industrial Districts; Mixed Use Districts; Housing Production; Neighborhood Quality; Fair Housing; Community Design Context; City Entries and Monumentation; Community Signage and Wayfinding; Visual Resources; Paleontological Resources; Economic Base; Labor Force; Fiscal Viability; Financing Opportunities; Economic Development Program; Local Thoroughfares and Routes; Intercity and Regional Transportation; Transportation Management; Public Transportation; Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities; Goods Movement; Parking; Water System; Sewer/Reclaimed Water; Storm Drainage; Solid Waste Management; Energy; Telecommunications; Seismic and Geologic Hazards; Flooding and Inundation; Hazardous Materials; Police Services; Fire Hazards; Transportation Noise; Reduction in Pollution Exposure; Safe and Sanitary Housing; Water Resources; Biological Resources; and

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Air Resources. The Modified Project’s consistency with applicable goals in SCAG’s Connect SoCal and conformance with applicable goals in the City General Plan results in a less than significant impact regarding a conflict with a land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect and no mitigation is required.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

4.11.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

As discussed under Impact LU-1, the Modified Project would not physically divide an established community. Similarly, the Modified Project was found to be consistent with applicable Connect SoCal and General Plan land use plans, policies, and regulations adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect. Lastly, as detailed in Section

4.3 of this SEIR, the Modified Project was found to be consistent with the WR-MSHCP. The Modified Project’s impacts associated with these three topics were determined to be less than significant. All three of these topics are inherently cumulative in nature, and therefore the Modified Project’s cumulative impacts are less than significant. The Modified Project’s impacts associated with land use and planning are consistent with the impacts identified in the 2001 EIR and the level of impact (less than significant) remains unchanged.

4.11.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures were included in the 2001 EIR.

4.11.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT No mitigation measures are required.

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4.12 MINERAL RESOURCES

4.12.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing mineral resources within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential changes in impacts to mineral resources from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. No Scoping Meeting comments or NOP comment letters were received pertaining to this topic.

4.12.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would result in no impact related to mineral resources as follows.
a) Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be a value to the region and the residents of the state?
b) Result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan? The General Plan at that time did not designate the GRRSP Planning Area as a location where mineral resources should be preserved. At the time the 2001 EIR prepared, a vast majority of the GRRSP Planning Area was located in unincorporated Riverside County, outside of the City’s limits but within the Sphere of Influence (SOI). The General Plan at that time designated the portion of the GRRSP Planning Area within the SOI as Light Industry and Agriculture/Rural Residential, thereby indicating the City’s commitment to allow future development of the Planning area. Consequently, the 2001 EIR concluded development of the GRRSP would not result in a significant impact to mineral resources and no mitigation was required.

4.12.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The GRRSP Planning Area geology includes sedimentary rock overlayed with alluvium deposits. The deposits include older alluvium related to ancient channels of the Santa Ana River and younger alluvium from the Santa Ana River and tributary drainages from the Santa Ana Mountains. Construction related mineral deposits consisting of clays, sand, gravel and rock are found in the Santa Ana Mountains, plus trace amounts of silver, lead, zinc, coal, and gypsum.

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4.12.4 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES (PDF)
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.12.5 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal regulations related to mineral resources that apply to the Modified Project.

STATE REGULATIONS
There are no State regulations related to mineral resources that apply to the Modified Project.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
There are no regional regulations related to mineral resources that apply to the Modified Project.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona Municipal Code
The Corona Municipal Code, Title 19, Surface Mining and Regulations, is intended to regulate surface mining operations and reclamation plans in accordance with SMARA. The ordinance was intended to ensure that: (1) subsequent beneficial uses of mined and reclaimed land are promoted and the land is returned to a usable condition; (2) groundwater supply, recreation, watershed, wildlife, range and forage, and aesthetic enjoyment are given appropriate consideration in the planning process; and 3) the production and conservation of mineral resources are encouraged. The ordinance addresses: surface mining permits and reclamation plans, minimum site performance standards, annual inspections and financial security, and enforcement. The municipal code requires a Mineral Resource Overlay on all lands identified for mineral resource protection in Corona and its sphere of influence. As required by state law, the City adopted required local regulations pursuant Ordinance No. 2386, which was certified by the State Mining and Geology Board in 1999.

4.12.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant agricultural and forest resources impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Project-related component would:

Threshold MIN-1 Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be a value to the region and the residents of the state?

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Threshold MIN-2 Result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan?

METHODOLOGY
Potential impacts to mineral resources associated with the Modified Project were evaluated by examining the location of known, mapped, existing mineral resources and evaluating the Modified Project’s effect on such resources.

4.12.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

MIN-1 Result in the loss of
availability of a
known mineral
resource that would
be a value to the
region and the
residents of the
state?
MIN -2 Result in the loss of
availability of a
locally important
mineral resource
recovery site
delineated on a
local general plan,
specific plan or
other land use plan?

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IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact MIN-1: Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be a value to the region and the residents of the state? Impact MIN-2: Result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The City’s General Plan Figure ER-8 maps locations of industrial minerals within the City’s SOI, showing the southern portion of the GRRSP Planning Area partially covered by an MRZ3a area, indicative of areas containing known mineral occurrences of undetermined mineral resource significance. General Plan Figure ER-9 maps the location of aggregate resources within the City’s SOI, showing none of the GRRSP Planning Area is mapped as an aggregate zone. General Plan Figure ER-10 maps the location of areas of regional mineral significance within the City’s SOI, showing none of the GRRSP Planning Area is mapped as an area of regional mineral significance. The southern portion of the GRRSP Planning Area that is mapped as MRZ-3b is part proposed PA 6, planned for Open Space General and dedication to the RCA for inclusion in the habitat reserve assembly in accordance with the WR-MSHCP.

For these reasons, the Modified Project would not result in the loss of or availability of a locally or regionally significant mineral resource resulting in a less than significant impact requiring no mitigation. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

4.12.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

As discussed under Impact MIN-1 and MIN-2, the Modified Project would not result in the loss of or availability of a locally or regionally significant mineral resource. Consistency with the City’s General Plan goals regarding mineral resource protection and adherence to the Municipal Code’s obligatory requirements regarding mineral resource protection, all development projects within the City will ensure mineral resources are adequately protected.

Therefore, the Modified Project’s effect on mineral resources are cumulatively less than significant. The Modified Project’s cumulative impacts associated with mineral resources are

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consistent with the impacts identified in the 2001 EIR and the level of impact (less than significant) remains unchanged.

4.12.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures were included in the 2001 EIR.

4.12.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT No mitigation measures are required.

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4.13 NOISE

4.13.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing noise conditions within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential noise impacts from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project.

The Public Scoping Meeting comments from Bruce Fields, Jeanmarie Martinez, and Craig Reiter were received pertaining to this topic. The NOP comment letters from California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Don Osborne were received pertaining to this topic.

This section of the Draft SEIR is based in part on the Green River Ranch Specific Plan Amendment, SP00-001 Amendment No.1, Noise and Vibration Analysis (Noise Study), June 4, 2024, Urban Crossroads (Appendix L).

4.13.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would result in no impact related to mineral resources as follows.
a) Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? Construction Traffic Noise
The 2001 EIR analyzed traffic noise impacts associated with construction of the GRRSP.

During construction of each phase of development, transport of construction equipment/materials to the construction site and worker commutes would incrementally increase noise levels on access roads leading to the site. Although there would be relatively high single event noise exposures (up to 87 dBA Lmax at 50 feet from passing trucks), when averaged over a longer period of time such as one hour or eight hours, the effect in long-term ambient noise levels would be less than 3.0 dBA which is the audible change that humans perceive. The 2001 EIR concluded short-term construction noise impacts associated with worker commute and equipment transport would not result in significant adverse impacts on noise-sensitive receptors along the access routes leading to the Approved Project, and no mitigation was identified.

On-Site Construction Noise
The 2001 EIR analyzed on-site noise impacts associated with construction of the GRRSP.

During construction of the Mixed Use (MU) area in PA 1 and Estate Residential (ER) area in

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PA 6 of the Approved Project, noise levels from grading and other construction activities were determined to reach up to 79 dBA at the closest residential homes within 200 feet of the PA 1 and 6 boundaries located east of the Approved Project site for very limited time periods during construction. The short-term noise levels at these homes would exceed the exterior noise standard for residential uses and was concluded to be a significant impact requiring mitigation.

The 2001 EIR introduced Mitigation Measures MMs 4.4.1A thru MM 4.4.1C to reduce the level of noise and associated impact. Even with implementation of these mitigation measure, the 2001 EIR determined the impact would remain significant and unavoidable to the residences within 200 feet of eastern southern property line during grading.

Operational Traffic Noise
The 2001 EIR analyzed traffic noise impacts associated with operations of the GRRSP, concluding such noise impacts on nearby sensitive uses would be less than significant.

However, the 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project’s ER dwelling units would be exposed to noise levels exceeding standards. Mitigation Measures MMs 4.4.2A and 4.4.2B was introduced to mitigate these impacts to less than significant. The environment’s impacts on a proposed project are “reverse CEQA” and therefore not an impact from a proposed project on the environment. For this reason, it can be concluded operational traffic noise impacts from the approved Project would be less than significant with no mitigation required.

On-Site Operational Noise
The 2001 EIR analyzed on-site noise impacts associated with operations of the GRRSP.

Operational on-site noise impacts would be generated by stationary sources at the planned MU and GC commercial, retail, and industrial uses in PAs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 of the Approved Project. The planned on-site commercial and industrial uses would generate noise from loading/unloading activities and other activities at the parking lot. These activities are point sources of noise that could affect noise sensitive receptors adjacent to the commercial and industrial uses within the Approved Project. The 2001 EIR concluded no significant operational noise impacts would occur from on-site stationary sources. b) Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? The 2001 EIR did not analyze potential impacts associated with the Approved Project’s groundborne vibration or groundborne noise impacts.
c) For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels?
The 2001 EIR analyzed potential affects on air traffic movements, and concluded no impact would occur because no air corridors exist on, or in the vicinity of the Approved Project site.

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4.13.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
Ambient noise in the GRRSP Planning Area is dominated by traffic noise from SR-91 and Green River Road. To describe the existing noise environment, noise levels were measured at nearby sensitive receiver locations surrounding the Modified Project site. Table 4.13-1 identifies the hourly daytime (7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.), nighttime (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.), and Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) noise levels at each noise level measurement location.

Table 4.13-1: 24-Hour Ambient Noise Level Measurements
Location Description
Energy Average
Noise Level
(dBA Leq)1 CNEL
Daytime Nighttime
L1
Located north of the Project site on
Prado Road near existing single-family
residential home at 4567 Pennyroyal
Drive.

68.6 69.2 75.8
L2
Located east of the Project site on
Dominguez Ranch Road near existing
single-family residential home at 1230
Dominguez Ranch Road.

63.1 61.1 68.2
L3
Located west of the Project site on San
Viscaya Circle near existing singlefamily residential home at 4311 San Viscaya Circle.

52.1 47.5 55.2
L4
Located west of the Project site on
Green River Road by James Dawson
indoor lodging at 19800 Lords
Canyon.

68.3 64.5 71.9
L5
Located northwest of the Project stie
on Crestridge Drive near existing
single-family residential home at 4717
Green River Road.

64.7 61.1 69.0
1 Energy (logarithmic) average levels. The long-term 24-hour measurement worksheets are included in Appendix W. "Daytime" = 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.; "Nighttime" = 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.

4.13.4 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES (PDF)
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.13.5 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal regulations related to noise that apply to the Modified Project.

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STATE REGULATIONS
California regulates freeway noise, sets standards for sound transmission, provides occupational noise control criteria, identifies noise standards, and provides guidance for local land use compatibility. State law requires that each county and city adopt a General Plan that includes a Noise Element which is to be prepared per guidelines adopted by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR). The purpose of the Noise Element is to limit the exposure of the community to excessive noise levels. In addition, CEQA requires that all known environmental effects of a project be analyzed, including environmental noise impacts.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
There are no regional regulations related to noise that apply to the Modified Project.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona General Plan Noise Element
The City of Corona has adopted a General Plan Noise Element to control and abate environmental noise, and to protect the citizens of the City of Corona from excessive exposure to noise. The Noise Element specifies the maximum allowable exterior noise levels for new developments impacted by transportation noise sources such as arterial roads, freeways, airports and railroads. In addition, the Noise Element identifies several polices to minimize the impacts of excessive noise levels throughout the community and establishes noise level requirements for all land uses. To protect City of Corona residents from excessive noise, the Noise Element contains the following four goals:
• Goal N-1: Protect residents, visitors, and noise-sensitive land uses from the adverse human health and environmental impacts created by excessive noise levels from transportation sources by requiring proactive mitigation. • Goal N-2: Prevent and mitigate the adverse impacts of excessive ambient noise exposure on residents, employees, visitors, and noise-sensitive land uses. • Goal N-3: Discourage the spillover or encroachment of unacceptable noise levels from mixed use, commercial, and industrial land uses on to noise sensitive land uses. • Goal N-4: Minimize noise impacts created by railroad transit and airport operations and flight patterns on residential areas and other “noise sensitive” land use areas.

The noise criteria identified in the Noise Element, Table N-1: Noise Levels and Land Use Compatibility Guidelines, are guidelines to evaluate the land use compatibility of transportation related noise. The compatibility criteria shown on General Plan Noise Element provides the City with a planning tool to gauge the compatibility of land uses relative to

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existing and future exterior noise levels. The Noise Levels and Land Use Compatibility Guidelines describes categories of compatibility and not specific noise standards.

Noise Levels and Land Use Compatibility
The proposed GRRSPA contains BPI and GC land uses that are considered clearly compatible with unmitigated exterior noise levels of less than 70 dBA CNEL, normally compatible with unmitigated exterior noise levels above 80 dBA CNEL. Although specific development plans are proposed for the BPI Development but not proposed for the other GC and ER of the GRRSP, the noise sensitive ER land uses are considered clearly compatible with unmitigated exterior noise levels of less than 60 dBA CNEL, normally compatible with unmitigated exterior noise levels above 70 dBA CNEL and clearly incompatible with unmitigated exterior noise levels above 70 dBA CNEL. For normally compatible land use, new construction should be undertaken only after detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements and needed noise insulation features are determined. Conventional construction, with windows closed and fresh air supply or air conditioning, will normally suffice. For normally incompatible land use, new construction or development should generally be discouraged. If new construction or development does proceed, a detailed analysis of noise reduction requirements must be made and needed noise insulation features included in the design. For clearly incompatible land use, new construction or development should generally not be undertaken.

Land Use Noise Standards
The General Plan Noise Element specifies the maximum noise levels allowable for new developments impacted by transportation noise sources such as arterial roads, freeways, airports and railroads. For noise-sensitive residential land uses, Noise Element Table N-2:

Interior and Exterior Noise Standards indicates that the exterior noise levels shall not exceed 65 dBA CNEL and interior noise levels of 45 dBA CNEL. The 65 dBA CNEL exterior noise standards typically apply to outdoor areas where people congregate. The City does not identify any exterior noise standards for the proposed BPI Development or planned GC uses.

Operational Noise Standards
To analyze noise impacts originating from the GRRSPA, operational source noise such as loading dock activity, truck movements, roof-top air conditioning units, gas station activity, drive-thru activity, and trash enclosure activity, car wash tunnels and car wash vacuums are typically evaluated against standards established under a City’s Municipal Code. Municipal Code, Section 17.84.040 Noise, provides noise control guidelines for determining and mitigating non-transportation or stationary-source noise impacts from operations at private properties. The Municipal Code defines Stationary Noise Source Standards in Section

17.84.040[C][2], Table 1, for different land uses. For noise-sensitive residential properties, the Municipal Code identifies operational noise level limits for the daytime (7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.) hours of 55 dBA L50 and 50 dBA L50 during the nighttime (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.)

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hours. These standards shall apply for a cumulative period of 30 minutes in any hour, as well as plus 5 dBA cannot be exceeded for a cumulative period of more than 15 minutes in any hour, or the standard plus 10 dBA for a cumulative period of more than 5 minutes in any hour, or the standard plus 15 dBA for a cumulative period of more than 1 minute in any hour, or the standard plus 20 dBA for any period of time.

4.13.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant agricultural and forest resources impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Project-related component would:

Threshold N-1 Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies?
Threshold N-2 Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels?
Threshold N-3 For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels?

METHODOLOGY
Potential noise impacts associated with the Modified Project were evaluated using the significance criteria summarized in Tables 4.13-2 and 4.13.3 as follows.

Table 4.13-2: Significance Criteria Summary
Analysis Receiving
Land Use Condition(s) Significant Criteria
Daytime Nighttime
Off-Site
Traffic
Noise
Sensitive1
if ambient is < 60 dBA CNEL ≥ 5 dBA CNEL Project increase if ambient is 60 - 65 dBA CNEL ≥ 3 dBA CNEL Project increase if ambient is > 65 dBA CNEL ≥ ≥ 1.5 dBA CNEL Project increase Non-NoiseSensitive2 if ambient is > 70 dBA CNEL ≥ ≥ 3 dBA CNEL Project increase On-Site
Traffic
Residential3 Exterior Noise Level 65 dBA CNEL
Interior Noise Level 45 dBA CNEL
Operational
NoiseSensitiveExterior Noise Level Standards4 See Table 4.13-3 if ambient is < 60 dBA Leq1 ≥ 5 dBA Leq Project increase

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Table 4.13-2: Significance Criteria Summary
Analysis Receiving
Land Use Condition(s) Significant Criteria
Daytime Nighttime
if ambient is 60-65 dBA Leq1 ≥ 3 dBA Leq Project increase if ambient is > 65 dBA Leq1 ≥ 1.5 dBA Leq Project increase Non-NoiseSensitive2If ambient is > 70 dBA CNEL ≥ 3 dBA Leq Project increase Construction
NoiseSensitiveProhibited between the hours of 8:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m., Monday through Saturday and 6:00 p.m. to 10:00 a.m. on Sundays and federal holidays.5 Noise Level Threshold6 80 dBA Leq 70 dBA Leq
Vibration Level Threshold7 0.05 in/sec RMS
1 FICON, 1992.
2 City of Corona General Plan Noise Element (Table N-1) 3 City of Corona General Plan Noise Element Table N-2 Interior and Exterior Noise Standards. 4 City of Corona Municipal Code, Section 17.84.040 Noise[C][2] (Appendix 3.1). 5 City of Corona Municipal Code, Section 17.84.040[D][2] Noise (Appendix 3.1). 6 Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, 2018. 7 City of Corona Municipal Code, Section 17.84.050 Vibration (Appendix 3.1). "Daytime" = 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.; "Nighttime" = 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.; "RMS" = root-mean-square Table 4.13-3: Operational Noise Standards
Jurisdiction Land Use Time
Period
Exterior Noise Level Standards (dBA Leq)2
L50
(30
mins)
L25
(15 mins)
L8
(5 mins)
L2
(1 min)
Lmax
(anytime)
City of
Corona1
Residential Daytime 55 60 65 70 75
Nighttime 50 55 60 65 70
Commercial Daytime 65 70 75 80 85
Nighttime 60 65 70 75 80
Industrial Daytime 75 80 85 90 95
Nighttime 70 75 80 85 90
1 City of Corona Municipal Code, Section 17.84.040 Noise (Appendix 3.1). 2 The percent noise level is the level exceeded "n" percent of the time during the measurement period. L50 is the noise level exceeded 50% of the time.
"Daytime" = 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.; "Nighttime" = 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.

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4.13.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

N-1 Generation of a substantial
temporary or permanent
increase in ambient noise
levels in the vicinity of the
project in excess of
standards established in the
local general plan or noise
ordinance, or applicable
standards of other agencies?
N-2 Generation of excessive
groundborne vibration or
groundborne noise levels?
N-3 For a project located within
the vicinity of a private
airstrip or an airport land
use plan or, where such a
plan has not been adopted,
within two miles of a public
airport or public use airport,
would the project expose
people residing or working
in the project area to
excessive noise levels?

IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact N-1: Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

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Construction Noise
Noise generated by during construction of each phase of the Modified Project will include a combination of trucks, power tools, concrete mixers, and portable generators that when combined can reach high levels. The number and mix of construction equipment are expected to occur in the following stages of construction: demolition; site preparation; grading; building construction; paving; and architectural coating. As shown in Table 4.13-2, Municipal Code Section 17.84.040[D][2] states that construction noise is prohibited between the hours of 8:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m., Monday through Saturday and 6:00 p.m. to 10:00 a.m. on Sundays and federal holidays to prevent high levels of construction noise from impacting noise-sensitive land uses.

The Noise Study evaluated potential construction noise impacts by adding construction noise estimated for each stage of construction to existing noise levels measured at receiver locations in the northern and eastern edges of the GRRSP boundary. Using typical construction equipment noise levels and the CadnaA noise prediction model, construction noise levels were calculated and associated impacts were identified assuming multiple pieces of equipment were in operations simultaneously at the nearest sensitive receiver locations. To assess the upper end of potential noise levels and therefore avoid under estimating potential impacts, the construction noise analysis used the highest noise level impacts when the equipment with the highest reference noise level was operating at the closest point from the edge of construction to each receiver location. Based on these conservative assumptions, the construction noise levels were determined to range from 46.6 to 69.9 dBA Leq, and the highest construction levels were determined to range from 56.7 to 69.9 dBA Leq at the nearest receiver location R1 located north of proposed PA 4, north of SR-91 and Prado Road, near existing single-family residences on Pennyroyal Drive. The Noise Study determined a construction-related daytime noise level threshold of 80 dBA Leq is a reasonable threshold to assess the daytime construction noise level impacts. Based on the highest construction noise level of 69.9 dBA Leq calculated at receiver location R1, daytime construction noise would satisfy the daytime 80 dBA Leq significance threshold during construction of all phases of the GRRSP (Modified Project). Therefore, construction noise impacts are considered less than significant at all receiver locations and no mitigation is required.

Although a noise variance from the City of Corona is required, nighttime concrete pouring activities may occur as a part of construction activities to reduce concrete mixer truck delivery times during off peak traffic periods and to take advantage of naturally occurring lower nighttime air temperatures. These activities are typically limited to the actual building area.

Since the nighttime concrete pours may take place outside the permitted hours of construction, the Project Applicant or Contractor would be required to obtain prior authorization for nighttime work from the City and receipt of a Noise Variance application pursuant to

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Municipal Code Section 17.84.040(H). The noise variance would need to be approved prior to the issuance of a grading or building permit associated with the nighttime work.

The Noise Study estimated noise levels during concrete pour activities (paving) and determined noise levels would range from 43.4 to 62.5 dBA Leq at the nearest sensitive receiver locations. Based on a nighttime noise level significance threshold of 70 dBA Leq, the Noise Study concluded noise levels during nighttime concrete pour activities would satisfy the nighttime construction noise level significance threshold. Therefore, the unmitigated nighttime concrete pour noise level impacts are considered less than significant and no mitigation is required.

For these reasons, the Modified Project would not result in a construction noise impact during construction of all phases of the GRRSP’s development and no mitigation is required.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater construction noise impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Operational Traffic Noise
Off-site transportation noise level impacts were determined based estimating roadway noise levels using traffic volumes from the GRRSPA Traffic Study for each phase of the proposed GRRSPA and for existing, opening year, and future horizon year scenarios. Noise contours were developed measured in CNEL from the center of the roadway for the 70, 65, and 60 dBA CNEL noise levels. A summary of the noise levels for each scenario with buildout of the GRRSP follows.

Existing Plus Project Buildout Traffic Noise Level Impacts: An analysis of existing traffic noise levels plus traffic noise generated by the entire GRRSP was provided to fully analyze project level impacts attributable to the Modified Project. Although there are no development plans included as part of the Modified Project for the GC (PA 4) and ER (PA 5), the buildout condition was provided for informational purposes and is not expected to occur.

Existing with Project Buildout traffic noise levels were estimated to range from 66.2 to 73.2 dBA CNEL. The noise level increase attributable to the Modified Project was determined to range from 0.2 to 0.8 dBA CNEL. Based on the significance criteria for off-site traffic noise presented in Table 4.13-2, land uses adjacent to the study area roadway segments would experience less than significant noise level increases on receiving land uses due to projectrelated traffic. For these reasons, the Modified Project would not result in an operational traffic noise impact in the existing condition with all phases of the GRRSP’s development and no mitigation is required.

Opening Year Cumulative Plus Project Buildout Traffic Noise Level Impacts: Opening Year Cumulative with Project Buildout traffic noise levels were estimated to range from 66.4 to 72.0 dBA CNEL. The noise level increase attributable to the Modified Project was determined to

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range from 0.2 to 1.7 dBA CNEL. Based on the significance criteria for off-site traffic noise presented in Table 4.13-2, land uses adjacent to the study area roadway segments would experience less than significant noise level increases on receiving land uses due to projectrelated traffic. For these reasons, the Modified Project would not result in an operational traffic noise impact in the opening year cumulative scenario with all phases of the GRRSP’s development and no mitigation is required.

Future Horizon Year Plus Project Buildout Traffic Noise Level Impacts: Future Horizon Year with Project Buildout traffic noise levels were estimated to range from 66.4 to 72.4 dBA CNEL. The noise level increase attributable to the Modified Project was determined to range from 0.2 to 1.6 dBA CNEL. Based on the significance criteria for off-site traffic noise presented in Table 4.13-2, land uses adjacent to the study area roadway segments would experience less than significant noise level increases on receiving land uses due to projectrelated traffic. For these reasons, the Modified Project would not result in an operational traffic noise impact in the future horizon year scenario with all phases of the GRRSP’s development and no mitigation is required.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater operational traffic noise impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

On-Site Operational Noise
The Noise Study evaluated potential stationary-source operational noise impacts at the nearest receiver locations resulting from the operation of the proposed GRRSPA. Because there are no development details for the proposed GC uses in PA 4, the underlying uses permitted or conditionally permitted in the proposed GRRSPA for the GC land use designation by were used to estimate operational noise levels from this area of the GRRSP.

To estimate operational commercial noise, several commercial noise sources were assumed throughout the GC area in PA 4 to ensure potential noise from the potential GC are addressed.

At the time the Noise Study was prepared, future tenants of the Modified Project including the BPI Development were unknown. Therefore, the operational noise analysis defined noise level impacts associated with the expected typical of daytime and nighttime activities associated with the range of land uses that could occur in each of the GRRSP PAs. It was assumed the GC land uses would operate during normal business hours and the BPI Development would operate 24 hours per day, seven days per week. The BPI industrial and warehouse operations would primarily be conducted within the enclosed buildings, except for traffic movement, parking, as well as loading and unloading of trucks at designated loading bays. The GC and BPI on-site project-related noise sources could include a wide range of noise sources.

Operational noise levels from these types of activities were used to estimate expected noise levels resulting from development and operation of the Modified Project. The reference noise

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level measurements represent typical noises from a range of operational activities including:
loading dock activity, truck movements, roof-top air conditioning units, gas station activity, parking lot vehicle movements, drive-thru activity, trash enclosure activity, car wash tunnels and car wash vacuums. The projected noise levels assume a worst-case noise condition in which these noise activities were in operation continuously, although these sources of noise will likely vary throughout the day.

Noise level measurements were collected from existing noise activity locations to obtain reference noise levels. The resulting referenced noise levels used in the analysis of operational noise impacts are as follows:
• Loading Dock Activity: Reference noise level measurements were taken in the center of loading docks, and represent multiple concurrent noise sources resulting in a combined noise level of 65.7 dBA Leq at a uniform distance of 50 feet. • Truck Movements: Truck movements reference noise level measurement were taken over a 15-minute period and represent multiple noise sources producing a reference noise level of 58.0 dBA Leq at 50 feet.
• Roof-Top Air Conditioning Units: The noise level measurements collected represent a single mechanical roof-top air conditioning unit, a Lennox SCA120 series 10-ton model packaged air conditioning unit. At the uniform reference distance of 50 feet, the reference noise level is 57.2 dBA Leq.
• Gas Station Activity: A noise level measurement was collected at a gas station that included six cars fueling at once, car doors closing, engines starting, fuel pump running, TV sounds, and background car pass-by events within a 3-minute period. At 50 feet from the gas station, a reference noise level of 48.2 dBA Leq was measured. • Parking Lot Vehicle Movements: A 29-hour reference noise level measurement was collected in the center of warehouse distribution center staff parking lot of a. At 50 feet from the center, the parking lot produced a reference noise level of 56.1 dBA Leq. • Drive-Thru Activity. A noise level measurement was collected at drive-thru with speakerphones and vehicle activity. The noise sources included in the reference noise level measurement consisted of voices of the employees over the speakerphone, customers’ voices ordering food, car engines idling, car radios playing music, and cars queuing in the drive-thru lane. At 50 feet from the speakerphone, a reference noise level of 51.5 dBA Leq was measured.
• Trash Enclosure Activity: The measured reference noise level at the uniform 50-foot reference distance is 57.3 dBA Leq for the trash enclosure activity. The reference trash enclosure activity included two metal gates opening and closing, metal scraping against

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concrete floors, dumpster movement on metal wheels, trash dropping into the metal dumpster, and background parking lot vehicle movements. • Car Wash Tunnel: A reference noise level measurement was collected at a car wash to define typical noise from air blowers used in a car wash tunnel. A reference noise level of 74.3 dBA Leq was measured at a uniform distance of 50 feet. The reference noise level measurement includes an exposed five-unit air blower system with background pressure washer noise. The air dryers within were assumed to be operating continuously during the peak operating conditions. The car wash tunnel would be limited to daytime hours only.
• Car Wash Vacuum: A reference noise level measurement was collected at an express car wash, representing up to four vacuums operating simultaneously. At a uniform reference distance of 50 feet, the vacuum reference noise level was 54.6 dBA Leq. The car wash vacuum would be limited to the daytime hours only.

Using the reference noise levels described above, operations of the GC and BPI Development land uses would include noise from loading dock activity, truck movements, roof-top air conditioning units, gas station activity, drive-thru activity, trash enclosure activity, car wash tunnels and car wash vacuums. Based on the reference noise levels and their location within the GRRSP Planning Area, project-related noise level increases would be experienced at each of the sensitive receiver locations. Operational noise levels during the daytime hours of 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. were estimated to range from 32.3 to 53.6 dBA Leq. Operational noise levels during the nighttime hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. were estimated to range from 30.6 to

49.6 dBA Leq.

Evaluation of project-only operational noise levels for compliance with the City’s exterior noise level thresholds was conducted. As concluded in the Noise Study, the operational noise levels associated with full development of the GRRSPA described above would meet the City’s 55 dBA Leq daytime and 50 dBA Leq nighttime exterior noise level standards at all the nearest receiver locations. Therefore, the operational noise impacts are considered less than significant and no mitigation is required.

Project operational noise level increases at the nearest receiver locations were compared to ambient conditions to evaluate the change in noise attributable to the Modified Project. The difference between the combined Project and ambient noise levels defines the Project noise level increase to the ambient noise environment. The Modified Project would generate operational noise level increases ranging from 0.0 to 4.2 dBA at the nearest receiver locations.

Project-related operational noise level increases will satisfy the operational noise level increase significance criteria presented on Table 4.13-2. Therefore, the incremental increase in noise to the ambient environment attributable to the proposed Modified Project is considered less than significant and no mitigation is required.

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As summarized previously, the 2001 EIR determined construction noise impacts from the Approved Project would remain significant and unavoidable to the residences within 200 feet of eastern/southern property line during grading even with implementation of mitigation. As detailed above, construction noise impacts attributable to the Modified Project were determined to be less than significant and no mitigation is required. Therefore, no new or substantially greater construction noise impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact N-2: Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

Groundborne vibration and noise generated during the operational phase of a typical development project are barely perceptible beyond the boundary of a given project and rarely produce a nuisance to neighboring land uses. For this reason, the Noise Study analyzed potential construction vibration impacts associated with construction of the Modified Project.

Construction can result in varying degrees of ground vibration depending on the construction equipment and vehicles used, construction methods employed, distance to the affected location, and soil type. It is expected that ground-borne vibration from the Modified Project’s construction activities would cause only intermittent, localized intrusion. Estimated construction equipment vibration estimated during construction of the Modified Project were calculated for the nearest receiver locations. At distances ranging from 246 feet to 986 feet from typical construction activities at the Modified Project site boundary, construction vibration levels were estimated to range from 0.0000 to 0.003 in/sec RMS at the nearest receiver locations. These vibration levels would not exceed the City’s maximum acceptable vibration standard of 0.05 in/sec (RMS). Further, impacts at the site of the closest sensitive receiver are unlikely to be sustained during the entire construction period but will occur rather only during the times that heavy construction equipment is operating proximate to the Project site perimeter and construction would be restricted to daytime hours consistent with City requirements thereby eliminating potential vibration impact during nighttime hours. Vibration impacts associated with construction of the Modified Project are considered to be less than significant and no mitigation is required.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater construction groundborne vibration impact would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

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Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact N-3: For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The nearest airport to the GRRSP Planning Area is Corona Municipal Airport, located approximately three miles to the northeast. Since the Project is located more than two miles away from the nearest airport, potential impacts associated with exposure of people residing or working within the Modified Project area to excessive aircraft noise levels is considered less than significant and no mitigation is required.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

4.13.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

The cumulative projects in the vicinity of the Modified Project are all located more than 1,000 feet away from the GRRSP Planning Area, and therefore would not contribute substantially to cumulative noise and vibration impacts at receptors near the proposed GRRSP during shortterm construction or long-term operational activities. Noise naturally attenuates at 6 dB every doubling of distance of the reference noise source. Most construction equipment has a reference noise source of 50 feet. Therefore, at 500 feet noise will have naturally attenuated over 20 dB, which also does not account for other natural attenuation such as topography, vegetation, or other structures. As a result, the Modified Project’s potential to contribute to any noise or vibration- related cumulative impacts would be considered less than significant.

4.13.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would result in a significant impact from construction noise and introduced Mitigation Measures MMs 4.4.1A thru MM 4.4.1C to reduce the level of noise and associated impact. Even with implementation of these mitigation

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measure, the 2001 EIR determined the impact would remain significant and unavoidable to the residences within 200 feet of eastern/southern property line during grading. As detailed above in section 4.13.7, construction noise impacts attributable to the Modified Project were determined to be less than significant and no mitigation is required including the previous mitigation measures identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

4.13.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT No mitigation measures are required.

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4.14 POPULATION AND HOUSING

4.14.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing population and housing conditions within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential changes in population and housing impacts from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. No Scoping Meeting comments or NOP comment letters were received pertaining to this topic.

4.14.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would result in less than significant impacts population and housing as follows.
a) Exceed population projections?
The 2001 EIR noted the 1999 City population was estimated at 117,292 residents and projections from the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) estimated the population would reach 154,085 by the year 2020. Based on the City’s average household size of 3.07 persons/dwelling unit (DUS), the 32 ER DUs proposed as part of the Approved Project would increase the population by 98 persons (or 0.08 percent). The 2001 EIR determined this increase would not exceed either Corona’s or SCAG's projections, resulting in no impact related to local or regional population projections.
b) Induce substantial growth?
The 2001 EIR noted the Approved Project would create new short-term jobs during construction and such construction would utilize construction personnel from the local labor force, thus limiting the demand for housing by these workers. Upon completion, the 2001 EIR noted the commercial development planned as part of the Approved Project would result in an increase in part-time and full-time employment in the area and these workers would most likely be from the local area resulting in continued growth and development in the immediate area.

Any required infrastructure improvements would be paid for on a fair-share basis by the new development that benefits from these facilities. The 2001 EIR noted the prior General Plan land use designations underlying the Approved Project at that time consisted of Light Industry and Agriculture/Rural Residential, indicating the City’s intent to allow development to occur.

Therefore, the 2001 EIR concluded the Approved Project would not be expected to serve as an inducement for new development in the area beyond that predicted in the City’s General Plan and growth-related impacts would be less than significant.

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c) Displace housing?
The 2001 EIR noted the Approved Project site did not contain any existing housing that constitutes a community or neighborhood. A number of trailers were identified that were being used at that time for housing, and that these would be removed as part of project construction.

In addition, the St. James Christian Orthodox Monastery was noted as occupying a portion of the Approved Project site. The 2001 EIR concluded the removal of the trailers and monastery structures would not significantly impact housing or housing options in the City or vicinity.

4.14.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
Population
The City’s 2024 population is estimated to be 156,615 according to State Department of Finance (DOF) estimates released in May 2024.1 This is less than the population estimate from SCAG as shown below in Table 4.14-1. Table 4.14-1 also presents future population estimates for the City plus 2020 and future population estimates for California.

Table 4.14-1: City of Corona Population, Households, and Employment Projections
Adopted City of Corona Forecasts
Year
2020
Year
2030
Year
2035
Year
2045
Population 166,904 174,061 177,702 185,073
Households 47,358 49,407 50,437 52,444
Employment 81,271 8,695,427 84,480 92,776
Housing
The City’s 2024 housing is estimated to be 50,915 units according to State Department of Finance (DOF) estimates released in May 2024.

4.14.4 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES (PDF)
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project. 1 Report E1 & E1-H, Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State — January 1, 2023 and 2024, State of California Department of Finance, May 2024.

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4.14.5 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal regulations related to population and housing that apply to the Modified Project.

STATE REGULATIONS
Housing Element Law and Regional Housing Needs Assessment California planning and zoning law requires cities and counties to adopt a general plan to plan for and guide future growth within their jurisdiction. This plan is required to include a housing element that identifies housing needs for all economic segments of the local community, and provides opportunities for housing development to meet that need. The California Housing and Community Development Department (HCD) estimates the relative share of California’s projected population growth that would occur in each county based on DOF population projections and historical growth trends. This data is compiled by HCD in a Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) for each region of California. The HCD provides the RHNA to the regional council of governments or appropriate county agency and the council assigns a share of the regional housing need to each of its cities and counties. The process of assigning shares gives cities and counties the opportunity to comment on the proposed allocations. The HCD oversees the process to ensure that the council of governments distributes its share of the state’s projected housing need.

California housing element laws require that each city and county identify and analyze existing and projected housing needs within its jurisdiction and prepare goals, policies, and programs to further the development, improvement, and preservation of housing for all economic segments of the community commensurate with local housing needs.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Community Strategy SCAG adopted the 2020–2045 RTP/SCS, “Connect SoCal,” in 2020 which builds upon and expands land use and transportation strategies established over several planning cycles to increase mobility options and achieve a more sustainable growth pattern. The long-range visioning plan balances future mobility and housing needs with goals for the environment, the regional economy, social equity and environmental justice, and public health.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona General Plan
The Corona General Plan was prepared to comply with California’s planning and zoning law mandating each city adopt a comprehensive, long-range, internally consistent plan for its future

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development. The General Plan also addresses the provision of services needed and desired by the community to support its ultimate development. The General Plan addresses the eight required elements including land use, housing, circulation, conservation and open space (as environmental resources), noise, safety, and environmental justice plus elective elements community design, historic resources, parks and recreation, infrastructure/utilities, public safety, and healthy community. The Housing Element was prepared in accordance with State requirements and was most recently updated in 2022.

The following are relevant policies of the Corona General Plan which may reduce potential population and housing impacts as a result of implementation of the Modified Project.

Housing Element
Housing Production
• H-1.1: Continue to support public and private sector nonprofit and for-profit organizations in their efforts to construct, acquire, and improve housing to provide access to affordable housing to lower and moderate-income households. • H-1.2: Promote specific plans and zoning amendments that provide a variety of housing types and densities based on the suitability of the land, including the availability of infrastructure, the provision of adequate City services and recognition of environmental constraints.
• H-1.3: Provide sites for residential development so that scarcity of land does not unduly increase the cost or decrease the availability of housing for all segments of the community.
• H-1.4: Support the development of sustainable projects that reduce demand for water and energy resources, reduce commute times and operational costs, and provide for transit-oriented development.
• H-1.5: Create or expand zoning designations and commensurate development standards to encourage flexibility in permitted land use types that respond to changing market forces and provided opportunities for higher density residential development, mixed use residential/commercial development, and transit oriented residential development in appropriate areas of the City.

Special Housing Needs
• H-2.1: Encourage the development of rental units with three or more bedrooms to provide affordable housing for large families.
• H-2.2: Work with nonprofit agencies and private sector developers to encourage development of senior housing.

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• H-2.3: Encourage the production of assisted living facilities (single story houses and apartments) for the disabled and the elderly.
• H-2.4: Provide emergency shelter with transitional support for City residents, including disadvantaged groups.
• H-2.5: Encourage the upgrade and conversion of older motels to single-roomoccupancy housing.

Economic Development
Economic Base
• ED-1.1: Encourage a variety of industries to locate in Corona, including commercial/professional office uses, specialized medical services, manufacturing, and “clean,” high technology industries that provide high-skill/high-wage job opportunities.
• ED-1.2: Encourage the expansion of existing businesses in Corona if possible and extend efforts at business retention.
• ED-1.3: Utilize Specific Plans to define flexible growth areas that allow for the transition of heavy industrial to research and development to mixed-use and office uses, while allowing some viable heavy industrial areas to remain industrial. • ED-1.4: Encourage the growth of manufacturing companies and allied supporting businesses in Corona by providing education and resources to support their efforts to export products globally.
• ED-1.5: Facilitate the retention and expansion of existing jobs-generating industries within existing and planned industrial areas to allow such industries to remain in Corona.
• ED-1.6: Periodically monitor the market for retail commercial and office development, assessing the adequacy of existing sites to accommodate and capability of existing buildings to be adaptively re-used for community-desired commercial uses and adjust applicable codes and ordinances, as necessary.
• ED-1.7: Recruit the development of new industries and businesses that build upon Corona’s existing diversifying industrial base, transportation infrastructure, increasing demand for professional and medical services, and its proximity to key regional business centers.
• ED-1.8: Discourage the development of industrial uses that are land extensive, generate few job opportunities, contribute little revenue for the City, and foreclose the

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opportunity to maximize economic opportunities remaining on limited vacant and underutilized land.

Labor Force
• ED-2.1: Promote development of a highly skilled labor force within high-wage emerging industries such as research and development, high technology manufacturing and office-oriented occupations.
• ED-2.2: Promote professional development programs and vocational training to enhance the quality of the area’s labor force, and assist them in obtaining new employment opportunities.
• ED-2.3: Encourage growth of the specialty medical services industry which would allow for new employment opportunities and encourage the placement of skilled students within Corona. Increased medical specialties would also eliminate some traffic exiting daily to other counties for these services.
• ED-2.4: Continue to build a sustainable Labor Force by building Partnerships with local education partners like the Corona-Norco Unified School District, Norco College, and Riverside Community College.
• ED-2.5: Target the recruitment of businesses that provide high-paying jobs commensurate with the skills of Corona’s residents.

4.14.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant housing and population impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Projectrelated component would:

Threshold POP-1 Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)?
Threshold POP-2 Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere?

METHODOLOGY
Potential population and planning impacts were evaluated by analyzing potential growth inducement and housing displacement associated with the Modified Project.

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4.14.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

POP-1 Induce substantial
unplanned population
growth in an area, either
directly (for example, by
proposing new homes
and businesses) or
indirectly (for example,
through extension of
roads or other
infrastructure)?
POP-2 Displace substantial
numbers of existing
people or housing,
necessitating the
construction of
replacement housing
elsewhere?

IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact POP-1: Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The Modified Project would result in up to 32 Estate Residential (ER) residences directly adding to the City’s population. In addition, the Modified Project would potentially add to the population indirectly with development of the 746,167 sf Business Park Industrial (BPI) Development and 19,600 sf of general commercial (GC) uses. The 32 ER homes would accommodate approximately 113 residents (32 dwellings x 3.52 persons/household based on the data presented in Table 4.14-1). The 746,167 sf BPI Development would produce approximately 995 employees (746,167 sf x one employee per 750 of building area). The

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19,600 sf of GC use would produce approximately 130 employees (19,600 sf x one employee per 750 of building area). Combined, the BPI and GC uses would generate 1,125 total employees. Even if 25% of the employees and their households were to move to the City, the resulting growth in population would be approximately 1,104 people (113 ER residents + 991 BPI/GC residents (1,125 emps x 3.52 residents/household x 0.25). Compared to the City’s 2024 estimated population from DOF of 156,615, the additional 1,104 residents would represent a less than one-tenth of one percent increase in population. This increase would not be considered substantial population growth and would not induce substantial unplanned population, resulting in less than significant and no mitigation is required. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact POP-2: Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere?? Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The Modified Project does not contain any existing housing that constitutes a community or neighborhood. Two residences are located in the lower elevations of PAs 1, 2, and 3 and remnants of the former horse boarding facilities are scattered around PAs 1, 2, and 3. These and all structures would be demolished and removed as part of Project construction. In addition, the St. James Christian Orthodox Monastery has been abandoned and would be demolished and removed. For these reasons, the Modified Project would not significantly displace existing people or housing and would not impact housing or housing options in the City or vicinity. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

4.14.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

As discussed under impact POP-1 and POP-2, the Modified Project would not result in growth inducement or displacement of people or housing. The Modified Project is located at the

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western edge of the City and areas further to the west are unlikely to develop, and therefore development of the Modified Project and associated infrastructure connections would not induce growth by removing an impediment to growth. The Modified Project’s cumulative impacts associated with population and housing are consistent with the impacts identified in the 2001 EIR and the level of impact (less than significant) remains unchanged.

4.14.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures were included in the 2001 EIR.

4.14.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT No mitigation measures are required.

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4.15 PUBLIC SERVICES

4.15.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing public services conditions within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential changes in impacts to public services, specifically, fire protection, police protection, school services, and library services from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. Mitigation measures are recommended as necessary to reduce significant air quality impacts. Public Scoping Meeting comments were received from Don Osborne, Adam Ruiz were received pertaining to this topic. Jeffrey Meissner, Bruce Fields, Jeanmarie Martinez, Francesca Da Sacco, Craig Reiter were received pertaining to this topic.

Park services are addressed in Section 5.16, Recreation and public and private utilities and services, including water, wastewater, and solid waste services and systems, are addressed in Section 5.19, Utilities and Service Systems.

4.15.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The Approved Project impact analysis related to public services as presented in the 2001 EIR as well as any mitigation measures identified to reduce significant impacts are summarized as follows:
a) Fire?
As stated in the 2001 EIR, inadequate fire response time to urban fires and wildfires within the Approved Project may produce a risk of hazard to occupants and structures located in the GRRSP. However, the Approved Project was determined to be adequately served by Station #5. Station #5 is located approximately 1 mile east of the Approved Project and can respond within the City’s five-minute service criteria. In addition, the 2001 EIR implemented mitigation measure MM 4.5.3.1A of which required the Approved Project’s water mains and water systems to be sized to provide sufficient water to meet the fire fighting requirements within the GRRSP Planning Area. The 2001 EIR determined with mitigation, potential impacts related to provisions of adequate water supplies and pressures to adequately serve the fire fighting requirements within the Approved Project will be reduced to less than significant.

As such, the 2001 EIR determined impacts from the risk of fire protection to be less than significant with implementation of mitigation.

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b) Police?
As stated in the 2001 EIR, the Approved Project could result in an increase in demand for police services as the annexation and development of the Approved Project will expand the area Corona Police Department is required to patrol. The 2001 EIR also stated after construction and occupancy of the Approved Project, theft, robbery, and burglary could become crimes occurring on property within the GRRSP Planning Area. However, the 2001 EIR, determined incremental increase in Corona Police Department’s response time is considered to be a less than significant impact.
c) Schools?
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project was designed to accommodate up to 32 home sites and based on Corona-Norco Unified School District standards, the Approved Project would add 24 children to the District’s student population. As such, the Approved Project, prior to the issuance of building permits, the developer will pay all fees in accordance with State and District regulations. Therefore, the 2001 EIR determined payment of these fees will reduce any impact to school facilities to less than significant. d) Parks & recreation facilities
e) Other governmental services.

The 2001 determined implementation of the Approved Project will incrementally increase demands for government services not addressed in items a thru c above (such as recreation facilities, libraries and social services) as the Approved Project’s increase was not anticipated to be significant.

4.15.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The Modified Project site located within the western portion of the City of Corona bounded by undeveloped land on the north, partially developed land to the east, the 91 Freeway to the west, and undeveloped land to the south. Further to the south, is the Cleveland National Forest. The Open Space and Estate Residential portions of the Modified Project are located within the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains. The BPI development portion of the Modified Project is located at the base of these foothills.

The Modified Project area is within a Local Responsibility Area (LRA) designated as a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Area (FHSZ).

Fire Protection
The City is served by the Corona Fire Department (CFD) of which operates seven fire stations in addition to the CFD Headquarters. The CFD staff consists of 244 firefighters and 107 sworn fire personnel. The Modified Project site is within the response area of CFD, Fire Station 5

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located at 1200 West Canyon Crest Drive, Fire Station 5 is located 1 mile east of the GRRSP Planning Area along Green River Road.

Police Protection
The City of Corona Police Department will provide service for the Specific Plan area upon annexation into the City. The project site is the closest to Zone 4, which is the entire west end of the City. The substation located within this zone is located in the Edwards Cinema center at the 1600 block of West 6th Street and Avenida Del Vista, approximately 5 miles from the proposed project site. The substation offices are used by patrol officers for returning calls to residents and business owners and also as a report-writing station. The Corona Police Department suggests that any matter needing police attention is brought forward through the main station, located at the corner of West 6th Street and Buena Vista Avenue. The main station is located approximately 9 miles from the proposed project site. Currently, there are 144 sworn officers and 63 support staff in the Corona Police Department.

Schools
The Corona-Norco Unified School District (CNUSD) serves most adults and youth in Corona, which includes K-12 education, alternative education, and adult education. There are 34 schools that serve more than 33,000 students in the community. Corona has 14 private schools—Montessori schools, alternative education, and religious.

The GRRSP Planning Area is located within the CNUSD, and the nearest existing school, Prado View Elementary School, is located approximately 1.5 miles to the east of the site.

Recreation
Please see Section 4.16 Recreation, for a thorough discussion of the Modified Project’s impacts associated with parks.

Other Public Facilities
The Corona Public Library (CPL) is located at 605 South Main Street, and is a 62,000-squarefoot facility. The CPL serves the City of Corona and circulates over 500,000 items each year.

The CPL’s services have expanded to include U.S. Passport Services, notary, online tutoring, test proctoring, small business consulting, and Fair Housing assistance. The CPL hosted more than 629 programs, tours and class visits with 23,522 attendees and contains the W.D. Addison Heritage Room which covers all periods of time, and includes photographs, rare books, newspapers, citrus labels, manuscripts, oral histories, artefacts, and other items available for the public to view.

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4.15.4 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS
International Fire Code
The International Fire Code (IFC) is a model code for regulating minimum fire-safety requirements for new and existing buildings, facilities, storage, and processes. The IFC includes general and specialized technical fire and life-safety regulations, with topics addressing fire-department access, fire hydrants, automatic sprinkler systems, fire alarm systems, fire and explosion hazards safety, use and storage of hazardous materials, protection of emergency responders, industrial processes, and various other topics. The IFC is issued by the International Code Council, which is an international organization of building officials.

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal regulations that apply to the Modified Project.

STATE REGULATIONS
California Fire Code
The California Fire Code (CFC; California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 9) is based on the 2015 IFC and includes amendments from the State of California fully integrated into the code. The California Fire Code contains fire safety-related building standards that are referenced in other parts of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations. The CFC is updated once every three years. The 2019 CFC will go into effect on January 1, 2020.

California Health and Safety Code
Sections 13000 et seq. of the California Health and Safety Code include fire regulations for building standards (also in the California Building Code), fire protection and notification systems, fire protection devices such as extinguishers and smoke alarms, high-rise building and childcare facility standards, and fire suppression training.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
CAL FIRE, County of Riverside Unit Strategic Plan
The California Strategic Plan is implemented through individual “unit plans” that are prepared for different regions of the state. CAL FIRE has adopted a Riverside Unit Fire Plan that covers Riverside County which sets forth the agency’s priorities for prevention, protection, and suppression of wildfires. The overall goal of the Riverside County Unit Fire Plan is to reduce total costs and losses from wildland fire in the unit by protecting assets at risk through focused pre-fire management prescriptions increasing initial attack success.

Riverside County Local Agency Formation Commission

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Municipal Service reviews were added to the Local Agency Formation Commission’s (LAFCO) mandate with the passage of the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Local Government Reorganization Act of 2000. A service review is a comprehensive study designed to better inform LAFCO, local agencies, and the community about the provision of municipal services.

Service reviews attempt to capture and analyze information about the governance structures and efficiencies of service providers and to identify opportunities for greater coordination and cooperation between providers. The service review is a prerequisite to a Sphere of Influence update and may also lead a LAFCO to take other actions under its authority.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
Corona Standards of Coverage Study and Fire Strategic Plan The Corona Fire Department sets its vision, mission, business operations, and guiding principles by means of a strategic plan so that the members of the organization can envision its future and develop the necessary procedures and operations to achieve that future. The strategic plan assists the department in preparing annual fiscal year budgets, master plans, and other required, related activities. Although the planning period is eight years, the plan is assessed annually to update service levels, performance, and other needed functions that may change during the course of a year.

Corona Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
The City of Corona has prepared a local hazard mitigation plan (LHMP) to identify the City’s hazards, review and assess past disasters, estimate the probability of future events, and set goals to reduce or eliminate longterm risks to people and property from natural and humanmade hazards. Of the 23 hazards evaluated, earthquakes were rated the highest risk, and wildfires were rated the second highest. The LHMP has goals and mitigation programs to address each of the 23 hazards.

Corona Emergency Operations Plan
The City of Corona has prepared an Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) to address the City’s planned response to natural disasters, technological incidents, and national security emergencies. The EOP does not address normal day-to-day emergencies or the wellestablished and routine procedures used in coping with such emergencies. The EOP’s operational concepts focus on potential large-scale disasters that can generate unique situations requiring unusual emergency responses. The EOP’s emergency management goals are:

1. Provide effective life safety measures and reduce property losses.

2. Provide for the rapid resumption of impacted businesses and community services.

3. Provide accurate documentation and records required for cost recovery efforts.

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City of Corona Municipal Code
Fire Code
As identified in Section 15.12.020 of Chapter 15.12, Fire Code, of the Corona Municipal Code, the CFC and portions of the 2015 IFC have been adopted as the City of Corona Fire Code.

Fire Facilities Fees
Chapter 16.23 of the CMC establishes development impact fees for new developments located citywide or within the Temescal Canyon Area Plan.

Chapter 3.36 of the CMC, Fire Facilities Fee, establishes a fire facilities fee to fund the provision of fire provision services to property located within the urban/wildland interface (i.e., the Cleveland National Forest). This chapter also establishes a method of financing fire facilities required to serve properties within this special high fire area.

Chapter 16.22 of the CMC, Temescal Canyon Public Safety Fee, establishes a fee to offset the increased costs for police and fire protection services and facilities in the Temescal Canyon area.
• CMC Section 16.22.000, Temescal Canyon Public Safety Facility – Findings, states that the City Council finds that the development of residential, commercial, and industrial property in the Temescal Canyon area will create an increase in calls for police and fire protection services which will result in new equipment and facilities to house additional police and fire personnel and equipment to maintain current levels of service and response times within the Temescal Canyon Area. • CMC Section 16.22.005, Temescal Canyon Area Radio Communications Tower – Findings, states that the development of residential, commercial, and industrial property in the Temescal Canyon area will create an increase in calls for police and fire protection services, thus resulting in new equipment and facilities to upgrade emergency communications for police and fire services and related equipment needed to maintain current levels of service and response times within the Temescal Canyon area of the City. This section establishes the Temescal Canyon Area Radio Communications Tower and Facilities Fee to fund the acquisition and construction costs of the Temescal Canyon Area Radio Communications Tower, and funding to maintain police and fire protection services to the Temescal Canyon area. • CMC Section 16.23.040, Fire Facilities, Vehicles, and Equipment – Findings, sets the fees for development in the Temescal Canyon area that must be paid to accommodate for the increase in calls for fire protection services and new equipment and facilities.

The Community Facilities District No. 2016-1 (Public Services) (CFD No. 2016-1) is a citywide assessment district subject to certain zones. CFD 2016-1 was formed in 2016 to assist in the financing of the annual costs of providing police, fire protection, and paramedic services.

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New residential development is required to annex into CFD 2016-1 to assist in the on-going funding of these public services due to the demand placed by development.

City of Corona 2020–2040 General Plan
Land Use Element
Policy LU-1.4 Accommodate the types, densities, and mix of land uses that can be adequately supported by transportation and utility infrastructure (water, sewer, etc.) and public services (schools, parks, libraries, etc.)
Policy LU-4.5 Manage the timing of development and allow development to occur only when public infrastructure and services needed to support that development are available, will be provided concurrently, or are committed to be provided within a reasonable time frame.

Policy LU-9.10 Require that new residential development pay its fair share of the cost of capital improvements, public facilities, and services needed to serve that development.

Ensure that funding mechanisms for landscape maintenance and improvement are required for each.

Policy LU-22.3 Require that existing and proposed development within proposed annexation areas generate sufficient tax or other revenue base to compensate for their fair share of community services that are provided by the City of Corona.

Policy LU-22.4 Require that infrastructure and service improvements for proposed annexation areas do not create an undue burden on existing City of Corona infrastructure and services.

Policy LU-22.5 Encourage that, if an area annexes to the City of Corona, a community facilities district or similar financing district shall be established to fund the provision and maintenance of sewers, streets, and other public improvements and services.

Housing Element
Policy H-1.2 Promote specific plans that provide a variety of housing types and densities based on the suitability of the land, including the availability of infrastructure, the provision of adequate City services and recognition of environmental constraints.

Policy H-3.3 Provide public services and improvements that enhance and create neighborhood stability.

Public Safety Element
Policy PS-7.1 Require larger developments to incorporate site design features that help ensure maximum visibility and security for entrances, pathways, streets and sidewalks, corridors, public and private open space, and parking lots and structures.

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Policy PS-7.2 Require the incorporation of appropriate lighting that provides adequate exterior illumination around commercial, business park, public spaces, parking lots, and multifamily structures.

Policy PS-7.4 Enhance public awareness and participation in crime prevention by encouraging changes to be made through crime prevention by design (vegetation selection and maintenance, motion sensors, lighting, etc.) and establishing and participating with police in neighborhood safety and crime prevention programs (e.g. neighborhood watch).

Policy PS-7.6 Provide opportunities for police department review and input regarding appropriate methods to mitigate the impacts of land use permits that have functions and characteristics that may impose a higher than normal level of security and police protection.

Policy PS-7.7 Provide appropriate security measures around sensitive essential public facilities, such as water, reclaimed water, radio towers, and other facilities required for use for public health and safety purposes.

Policy PS-8.7 Adhere to and periodically update fire department strategic plans, policies and procedures, and other internal standards to continuously meet service level requirements and priorities, including department response times.

Policy PS-8.8 Ensure that revenues are collected from new development, existing developments, and other land uses in an amount that is commensurate with their respective impact on overall city fire operations.

Policy PS-9.3 Ensure that roadway, bridge and driveway standards are adequate and appropriately maintained to allow safe access to premises where emergencies take place and safe evacuations wherever needed.

Policy PS-10.1 Locate, when feasible, new essential public facilities outside of high fire risk areas; if not feasible, require construction and other methods to harden and minimize damage for existing/planned facilities in such areas.

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Policy PS-10.3 Require all improved and new developments to be thoroughly reviewed for their impact on safety and the provision of fire protection services as part of the development review process.

Policy PS-10.8 Coordinate with the Department of Water and Power to ensure that adequate water supply and flows are available for firefighting; where inadequate, ensure provision of off-site water supply and transport.

Policy PS-10.9 Continue to require visible premise identification and signage per Corona’s Premise Identification Guideline that meet or exceed SRA and CFC requirements.

Emergency Management
Policy PS-11.1 Adhere to the Standard Emergency Management System (SEMS) and the National Incident Management System (NIMS) to coordinate effective response to emergencies and disasters.

Policy PS-11.2 Maintain emergency and hazard mitigation plans; update and define roles of city departments and other partnering agencies in the event of an emergency or disaster, ensuring interagency coordination and collaboration with the Operational Area (SEMS).

Policy PS-11.4 Maintain Structure Protection Plans and other pre-planning activities and plans to remain prepared for emergencies throughout the community.

Policy PS-11.5 Ensure that the Emergency Operations Plan and Standard Operating Procedures provide for efficient and orderly notification and evacuation on a citywide basis.

Ensure they address accessibility issues and mass notification capabilities utilizing our city, county, state, and federal communication systems.

Policy PS-11.9 Ensure all local, state, and federal mandates are adhered to should the City proclaim a local emergency and request any state and/or federal funding.

Policy PS-10.11 Ensure all local, state, and federal mandates are adhered to should the City proclaim a local emergency and request any state and/or federal funding.

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Healthy Community
Policy HC-1.5 Consider the potential impacts of decisions related to land use, food access, active living, safe and sanitary housing, public facilities and services, and other factors that may affect the health of Corona.

Policy HC-5.2 Assess the development impact fees required for new developments as necessary to ensure that appropriate levels of public facilities, services, and amenities are provided and that the demand from such development does not detract from current areas.

4.15.5 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.15.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant public services impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Project-related component would:

Threshold PUB-1 a) Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times, or other performance objectives for any of the public services:
i) Fire Protection?
Threshold PUB-2 ii) Police Protection
Threshold PUB-3 iii) Schools
Threshold PUB-4 iv) Parks
Threshold PUB-5 v) Other Public Facilities

METHODOLOGY
The following discussion analyzes potential impacts to public services based on the specific service ratios, response times, or infrastructure requirements of each public service.

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4.15.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PUB-1 a) Result in substantial
adverse physical impacts
associated with the
provision of new or
physically altered
governmental facilities,
need for new or
physically altered
governmental facilities,
the construction of which
could cause significant
environmental impacts, in
order to maintain
acceptable service ratios,
response times, or other
performance objectives
for any of the public
services:
i) Fire Protection?
PUB-2 ii) Police Protection?
PUB-3 iii) Schools?
PUB-4 iv) Parks?
PUB-5 iv) Other Public Facilities?

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IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
IMPACT PUB-1 a) Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times, or other performance objectives for any of the public services:
i) Fire Protection?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

4.14, Population and Housing, the 32 ER homes would accommodate approximately 113 residents (32 dwellings x 3.52 persons/household based on the data presented in Table 4.14- 1), the 746,167 sf BPI Development would produce approximately 995 employees (746,167 sf x one employee per 750 of building area), and the 19,600 sf of GC use would produce approximately 130 employees (19,600 sf x one employee per 750 of building area). When combined, the BPI and GC uses would generate 1,125 total employees. Even if 25% of the employees and their households were to move to the City, the resulting growth in population would be approximately 1,104 people (113 ER residents + 991 BPI/GC residents (1,125 emps x 3.52 residents/household x 0.25). Compared to the City’s 2024 estimated population from DOF of 156,615, the additional 1,104 residents would represent a less than one-tenth of one percent increase in population. As determined in Section, 4.14, Population and housing, this increase would not be considered substantial population growth and would not induce substantial unplanned population.

The City’s General Plan EIR determined future facilities and infrastructure could be required to accommodate General Plan build-out. However, as discussed previously under Section 4.14, Population and Housing, Project buildout would generate a similar number of residents and would likely attract existing residents from the City. Moreover, future single-family homes of the Modified Project would be constructed within the smaller PA 5 footprint of 20.39 acres which is 77.81 acres smaller than the Approved Project’s PA 6 of 98.2 acres. Therefore, the Modified Project’s homes would be constructed in a more accessible configuration when compared to the Approved Project.

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Additionally, implementation of the Modified Project including the BPI development would be required to adhere to the California Fire Code (CFC), as included in the City’s Municipal Code Section 15.12.020, as part of the permitting process all project plans within the Modified Project would be reviewed by the City’s Building Division to ensure that the plans of the BPI development and future projects meet the fire protection requirements. Furthermore, the Project applicant including future project applicants would be required to pay standard City development impact fees (DIF)(Municipal Code Section 16.23.040), which include a fee for fire service impacts as determined in the 2001 EIR.

Impact fees mitigate the overburdening of existing facilities, equipment, and levels of service.

Provision of a new or physically altered fire station would not be required that could cause environmental impacts. Therefore, impacts related to fire protection services from the Modified Project would be less than significant.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

IMPACT PUB-2 ii) Police Protection?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The City of Corona Police Department is located at 730 Public Safety Way, which is 6.1 miles east from the GRRSP Planning Area. The Police Department staff consists of 250 sworn officers and support personnel. Based on the previously stated population City of 156,615 (2024, DOF) for the City, the City has approximately 1.59 officers per 1,000 residents. As previously stated, the additional 1,104 residents/employees (113 ER residents + 991 BPI/GC residents), not previously considered to be a substantial population growth nor induce substantial unplanned population, the Modified Project would require 0.7 percent of an additional officer. Therefore, the Modified Project’s incremental increase in demands on law enforcement services would not be significant when compared to the current demand levels.

As previously stated, the Project applicant including future project applicants would be required to pay standard City DIF, which include a fee for police service impacts as determined in the 2001 EIR. Impact fees mitigate the overburdening of existing facilities, equipment, and levels of service. Provision of a new or physically altered police station would not be required that could cause environmental impacts. Therefore, impacts related to police protection services from the Modified Project would be less than significant.

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Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

IMPACT PUB-3 iii) Schools?
The Modified Project result in new or more severe impacts requiring revisions to the 2001 EIR.

Development of the Modified Project would allow for up to 32 additional homes, resulting in an increase of 113 ER residents in the City of Corona served by CNUSD. The CNUSD estimates the number of students that will be generated by new residential development by using district-specific rates in order to plan for future facilities expansions or constructions.

Specific to the Modified Project, CNUSD’s student generation rates for single-family development are 0.3650 for elementary school (ES), 0.1136 for middle school (MS), and

0.2337 for high school (HS).

Buildout of the Modified Project would generate 11.68 ES students,3.64 MS students, and 7.5 HS students in the City of Corona. The CNUSD would have adequate capacity for students generated by the Modified Project.

As previously stated, the Project applicant for the ER component would be required to pay standard City DIF, which include a fee for CNUSD impacts as determined in the 2001 EIR.

Impact fees mitigate the overburdening of existing facilities, equipment, and levels of service.

Therefore, impacts related to school services from the Modified Project would be less than significant.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

IMPACT PUB-4 iv) Parks?
The Modified Project result in new or more severe impacts requiring revisions to the 2001 EIR.

Please see Section 4.16 Recreation, Subsection 4.16.7 Impact REC-1 and REC-2, for a thorough discussion of the Modified Project’s impacts associated with parks.

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IMPACT PUB-5 v) Other Public Facilities?
The Modified Project result in new or more severe impacts requiring revisions to the 2001 EIR.

As previously summarized, the 2001 determined the Approved Project’s incremental increase in demands for government services such as recreation facilities, libraries and social services was anticipated to be less than significant.

The additional 1,104 residents/employees (113 ER residents + 991 BPI/GC residents), determined not to be a substantial population growth nor induce substantial unplanned population due to the implementation of the Modified Project, impacts can be considered similar to those determined in the 2001 EIR. Because the GRRSP Planning Area is already served by other services and the Modified Project would result in a limited increase in population, the Modified Project would not result in the need for new or physically altered facilities to provide other services, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts. As such, impacts would be less than significant.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

4.15.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

The geographic context for an analysis of cumulative impacts with regards to public services is the local service area within the City for fire and police services, schools, and libraries. As discussed in Chapter 2 of this DEIR, cumulative development in the City and surrounding would be minimal. Past and present development has resulted in increased population, which in turn has resulted in an increase in demand for all public services. Growth in the City to date has been consistent with the growth projections in the City’s 2020-2040 General Plan. In addition, each of the public service providers conducts an annual budgeting process where future facility/staffing needs are identified. Because past and present development is consistent with growth identified in the City’s 2020-2040 General Plan and there are mechanisms in place to ensure provision of adequate service, there would be no significant cumulative environmental impact on public services from implementation of the Modified Project.

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4.15.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures are required.

4.15.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT No mitigation measures are required.

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4.16 RECREATION

4.16.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing recreation and recreational facilities within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential impacts associate with recreation and recreational facilities from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. The Scoping Meeting comments from Craig Reiter and Dwight Woodward were received pertaining to this topic. No NOP comment letters or Public Scoping Meeting comments were received pertaining to this topic.

4.16.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would result in less than significant impacts associated with recreation and recreational facilities as follows. a) Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated?
b) Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment?
The 2001 EIR noted implementation of the proposed project would incrementally increase demand for recreation facilities and demand on such government services is primarily caused by residential development, for which development impact fees are collected by the City to help fund on going services. Due to the small quantity of residential use proposed by the Approved Project (maximum of 32 estate residential homes), a significant increase in demand on these services was not anticipated and therefore, construction of new or expansion of existing recreational facilities that would otherwise result in a direct impact to the environment would not occur.

4.16.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The City and its SOI include open space areas, natural trails, parklands, and recreational facilities and programs providing recreational opportunities for Corona residents and the surrounding communities.

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Natural Areas
The City’s nearby natural open space areas include mountains, hillsides, canyons, and preserves. The Prado Dam Basin is located adjacent to the northwest portion of the City and approximately 1.0 mile northeast of the Modified Project. Chino Hills State Park is a 14,100- acre preserve, with portions of the park located adjacent to the northwest portion of the City and approximately 0.25 mile north of the Modified Project. The Cleveland National Forest is the southernmost National Forest in California, located on the western front of the City of Corona’s SOI and approximately 0.25 mile south of the Modified Project at its nearest point.

Several local natural areas are also available to Corona residents offering open space for walking, hiking, and bicycling. These areas include the Sage Open Space and Fresno Canyon, Wardlow Wash, Oak Street Channel, Main Street Channel, and Temescal Wash. The Santa Ana River in the Prado Dam area also connects to a regional trail system.

Built and natural trails are another benefit for the hiking, bicycling, and walking residents of Corona. Urban trails have been constructed throughout the City consisting of multipurpose, hard surface, pedestrian, and cycling routes that physically connect residential areas, parks, schools, commercial nodes, and employment centers. The City has several historic trails providing scenic walkways through older residential neighborhoods and downtowns to promote the City’s heritage. Additional rural and natural trails are available for hikers, bicyclists, and horseback riding that run along washes, railroad rights-of-way, or unimproved open space areas.

Developed Parks and Recreational Facilities
Corona has 35 public parks covering about 352 acres, exclusive of natural open space areas as shown on Figure PR-1 Recreation and Park Facilities in the General Plan. The public park system includes mini, neighborhood, community and major/regional parks that are differentiated by scale, population served, and amenities. In addition to developed public parkland, additional recreational facilities are available in the form of golf courses and as part of homeowner associations.

The Circle City Center is one of the main community centers in Corona located at 365 North Main. The facility includes a gymnasium/event hall, a fitness room, a game room, classrooms and meeting rooms, a banquet room, and a catering kitchen. The Senior Center offers an opportunity for adults 50 years of age and older to develop an extended family through a wide range of health and educational programs, human services, recreational and social activities, and special events throughout the year.

The City of Corona Community Services Department provides community services, recreational and leisure time opportunities. This includes adult and youth sports, special events, childcare, afterschool programs, summer programs, aquatic programs, community classes, community involvement programs, senior recreation programs, and reservations for facilities.

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4.16.4 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES (PDF)
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.16.5 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal regulations related to recreation and recreational facilities that apply to the Modified Project.

STATE REGULATIONS
Quimby Act
The Quimby Act authorizes cities to adopt ordinances addressing parkland and/or fees for residential subdivisions for the purpose of providing and preserving open space and recreational facilities and improvements, and requires the provision of three acres of park area per 1,000 persons residing within a subdivision, unless the amount of existing neighborhood and community park area exceeds that limit, in which case the city may adopt a higher standard not to exceed five acres per 1,000 residents. The Quimby Act also specifies acceptable uses and expenditures of such funds California housing element laws require that each city and county identify and analyze existing and projected housing needs within its jurisdiction and prepare goals, policies, and programs to further the development, improvement, and preservation of housing for all economic segments of the community commensurate with local housing needs.

Mitigation Fee Act
The California Mitigation Fee Act (Government Code §§ 66000 et seq.) allows cities to establish fees that will be imposed upon development projects for the purpose of mitigating the impact that the development projects have upon city’s ability to provide specified public facilities including parks. In order to comply with the Mitigation Fee Act, the City must follow four primary requirements: 1) Make certain determinations regarding the purpose and use of a fee and establish a nexus or connection between a development project or class of project and the public improvement being financed with the fee; 2) Segregate fee revenue from the General Fund in order to avoid commingling of capital facilities fees and general funds; 3) Make findings each fiscal year describing the continuing need for fees that have been in the possession of the City for five years or more and that have not been spent or committed to a project; and 4) Refund any fees with interest for developer deposits for which the findings noted above cannot be made.

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California Public Park Preservation Act
The primary instrument for protecting and preserving parkland is California’s Public Park Preservation Act of 1971. Under the Public Resource Code, cities and counties may not acquire any real property that is in use as a public park for any nonpark use unless compensation, land, or both are provided to replace the parkland acquired. This provides no net loss of parkland and facilities.

REGIONAL REGULATIONS
There are no regional regulations related to recreation and recreational facilities that apply to the Modified Project.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona Municipal Code
Quimby Act Fees
The City’s Quimby Act is codified in Chapter 16.35, Park Dedication and In-Lieu Fees, in the City’s Municipal Code. As a condition of approval of a tentative or final tract map or parcel map for a residential subdivision, or for a building permit within a subdivision, the subdivider is required to dedicate park land and/or pay an in-lieu fee. Recreational facilities provided by a project must be provided in accordance with the standards, specifications and requirements of the City’s General Plan, the City’s Park Master Plan, and any other adopted resolution, policy, or standard of the City. The City’s park standard is based on a ratio of 3.0 acres of park area per 1,000 persons. At the time of filing a tentative map application for all subdivisions with residential land uses, project applicants may indicate whether they desire to dedicate property for park and recreational purposes onsite or whether they desire to pay a fee in lieu thereof. If they desire to dedicate land, they must designate the area on a tentative map.

Development Impact Fees
The City of Corona Municipal Code, Chapter 16.23, Development Impact Fees, provides for the meansto finance adequate infrastructure and other public improvements and facilities made necessary by the impacts created by new residential (i.e., beyond just demand created by subdivisions) and non-residential development in the City. To maintain the current level of service for parks in the City, Chapter 16.24, Improvement Requirements, requires payment of development impact fees (DIF) for recreational facilities to assure the acquisition and improvement of adequate recreation facilities to serve the subsequently annexed areas.

Sections 16.24.170 through 16.24.200 of the City’s Municipal Code apply to the construction of new dwelling units and to additions or improvements to existing units if such improvements or additions increase habitable living space by 25 percent. The current park and recreation DIFs for Estate Residential are:

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• Quimby Fees: $12,708 per du.
• Aquatic Center Facilities: $192 per du.
• Parkland and Open Space (credit applied if Quimby paid): $12,708 per du.

4.16.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant housing and population impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Projectrelated component would:

Threshold REC-1 Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? Threshold REC-2 Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment?

METHODOLOGY
Potential impacts were evaluated by analyzing potential impacts to the environment from construction of renovated or new park and recreational facilities from development of the Modified Project.

4.16.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

REC-1 Would the project
increase the use of
existing neighborhood
and regional parks or
other recreational
facilities such that
substantial physical
deterioration of the

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facility would occur or
be accelerated?
REC-2 Does the project
include recreational
facilities or require the
construction or
expansion of
recreational facilities
which might have an
adverse physical effect
on the environment?

IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact REC-1: Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? Impact REC-2: Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment)?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The Modified Project does not include development of a new or renovated off-site park or recreational facility that would result in an impact to the environment. Up to 32 ER residences would potentially be developed in PA 5, directly adding to the City’s population. In addition, the Modified Project would potentially add to demand on parks and recreational facilities from employees working at the proposed 746,167 sf BPI Development and planned 19,600 sf of GC uses. As described previously in Section 4.14 Population and Housing, the 32 ER homes would accommodate approximately 113 residents, the 746,167 sf BPI Development would produce approximately 995 employees, and the 19,600 sf of GC use would produce approximately 130 employees. Even if 25% of the employees and their households were to move to the City, the resulting growth in population would be approximately 1,104 people. Compared to the City’s 2024 estimated population from DOF of 156,615, the additional 1,104 residents would represent a less than one-tenth of one percent increase in population. This increase would not be considered substantial population growth and would not result in substantial increased demand on parks and recreational facilities. Construction of a new or renovated park or recreational facilities would not be required and impacts to the environment would not occur, resulting in a less than significant and no mitigation is required. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

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Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

4.16.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

As discussed under impact REC-1 and REC -2, the Modified Project does not propose construction of a new or renovation of an existing park or recreational facility that would result in and impact to the environment. Cumulative impacts associated with parks and recreational facilities are mitigated by City park fees paid by residential development and City DIF fees paid by all development. These monies are collected and used to fund future park and recreational facilities subject to environmental review. Therefore, the Modified Project’s cumulative impacts are considered less than significant and consistent with the impacts identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project. The level of impact (less than significant) remains unchanged.

4.16.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures were included in the 2001 EIR.

4.16.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT No mitigation measures are required.

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4.17 TRANSPORTATION

4.17.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing population and housing conditions within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential changes in population and housing impacts from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. The Public Scoping Meeting comments were received from Dwight Woodward, Bruce Fields, Diana Reuss and Robert Reuss, Jeanmarie Martinez, Mike Serle, and Tom Pavelich pertaining to this topic. The NOP comment letters were received from Southern California Association of Governments, Adam Ruiz, Robert Schnabel, Don Osborne, and Klaus Kraemer pertaining to this topic.

This section of the Draft SEIR is based in part on the Green River Ranch Specific Plan Amendment, SP00-001 Amendment No.1, Traffic Analysis, June 10, 2024 Urban Crossroads (Appendix M-1) and the Green River Ranch Specific Plan Amendment Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Analysis, dated June 24, 2024 (Appendix M-2).

4.17.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would result in less than significant traffic impacts with implementation of improvements to the Green River Road/SR-91 ramps, and a significant and unavoidable transportation impact to the SR-91 mainline freeway lanes based on the checklist question in place at that time.
a) Increased vehicle trips or traffic congestion?
The 2001 EIR evaluated the Approved Project’s potential traffic impacts on vicinity intersections, roadways, and SR-91. The analysis examined levels of service (LOS) at five intersections in the study area including the Green River Road/SR-91 EB and WB ramps, LOS on Green River Road from the ramps to Palisades Drive and Palisades Drive, and LOS on SR91 freeway segments from Main Street to the Orange/Riverside County line. Intersection analysis was conducted for Year 2001 plus Approved Project Phase I (MU and GC); intersection and freeway analysis was conducted for Year 2003 plus Approved Project Phase II (buildout); and intersection and roadway analysis was conducted for Year 2015 plus Approved Project Phase II (buildout). The following summarizes the analysis. • Year 2001 plus Phase I Intersection Analysis: Due to existing and background traffic congestion, the 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would contribute to a significant impact to the Green River Road/SR-91 eastbound and westbound ramp intersections. With implementation of Mitigation Measures MM 4.2.1A and MM

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4.2.1B consisting of installation of signals and turn lanes, impacts were reduced to less than significant.
• Project Timing: The project traffic analysis prepared for the 2001 EIR assumed development of a specific mix of commercial, hotel, industrial, and residential uses based on the land use flexibility allowed in the GC and MU categories of the GRRSP.

The 2001 EIR acknowledged implementation of the Approved Project could result in construction of land uses with higher trip generation than analyzed, producing a significant impact. The 2001 EIR introduced Mitigation Measure MM 4.2.2, requiring the total cumulative a.m. and p.m. peak hour trip generation estimate for PAs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 not exceed the a.m. and p.m. peak hour trip generation estimated contained in the Approved Project traffic study. With implementation of Mitigation Measure MM

4.2.2, impacts were reduced to less than significant.
• Year 2003 plus Phase II Intersection Analysis: Due to regional improvements to the SR-91/Green River Road interchange, the 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would not impact intersections in the study area. However, the 2001 EIR noted the Approved Project would contribute to significant impacts at the Green River Road/SR91 ramps if development of the Approved Project precedes installation of the regional improvements. With implementation of Mitigation Measures MM 4.2.3 requiring construction of regional improvements to the interchange including widening the Green River Road overpass to six lanes prior to issuance of building permits for the ER residences, impacts were reduced to less than significant. • Year 2003 plus Phase II Freeway Analysis: Due to projected traffic congestion, the 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would contribute to a significant impact to the SR-91 freeway lanes in the peak direction of flow (westbound during the a.m. peak hour and eastbound during the p.m. peak hours). The addition of proposed project trips will further deteriorate the projected LOS F for 2003 background conditions.

Mitigation in the form of additional freeway lanes would mitigate project impacts by addressing the capacity deficiencies on SR-91, however the schedule for installing such lanes was not known at that time. Consequently, the 2001 EIR concluded there is no reasonable mitigation for the significant impact and it would remain significant and unavoidable.
• Year 2015 plus Phase II Intersection Analysis: With the regional improvements to the SR-91/Green River Road interchange, the 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would not impact intersections in the study area in the Year 2015 time horizon. Impacts were determined to be less than significant and no mitigation was required. • Year 2015 plus Phase II Roadway Analysis: With Green River Road assumed to be widened to six lanes from SR-91 to Dominguez Ranch Road and four lanes east of Dominguez Ranch Road, the 2001 EIR determined the Approved Project would not

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impact roadways in the study area in the Year 2015 time horizon. Impacts were determined to be less than significant and no mitigation was required.

The LOS analyses that was conducted to evaluate the Approved Project’s traffic impacts was based on an analytical metric that is no longer a valid measure of traffic impacts in accordance with CEQA and State environmental law.
b) Traffic hazards from design features?
The 2001 EIR noted preliminary design of the Approved Project included at grade public streets that would provide adequate site distance and the installation of traffic flow control measures. Mitigation of traffic flows was noted as being typically obtained through signalization and signal sequencing to facilitate roadway traffic flows. c) Inadequate emergency access or access to nearby uses? The 2001 EIR noted preliminary design of the Approved Project included adequate provisions for emergency access to the site, and to nearby uses. Final design of all roadways and intersections would be required to incorporate design standards tailored specifically to provide adequate site access in accordance with City development standards. d) Insufficient parking capacity on site or off site?
The 2001 EIR noted implementation of the proposed non-residential uses would require onsite parking in accordance with the City’s parking requirements, which would provide necessary parking supplies to meet anticipated parking demand from the uses that would eventually develop on the site. Final design of on-site parking would be required to incorporate design standards tailored specifically to parking demands of the Approved Project in accordance with the proposed GRRSP or the City’s development standards. e) Hazards or barriers for pedestrians or bicyclists?
The Initial Study for the 2001 EIR noted the project EIR would assess potential safety hazards associated with the interface of pedestrians and bicycles and vehicular traffic accessing the project site. Although such analysis was not specifically provided, it is reasonable to assume such impacts were less than significant given the Approved Project’s on-site and off-site improvements associated with pedestrian and bicycle travel would be designed and constructed in accordance with applicable City standards.
f) Conflicts with adopted policies supporting alternative transportation (e.g., bus turnouts, bicycle racks)?
The Initial Study for the 2001 EIR noted the project EIR would assess the compatibility of the Approved Project’s access and design features with policies identified by the City regarding incorporation of alternate modes of transportation. Although such analysis was not provided, it is reasonable to assume such impacts were less than significant given the Approved Project’s

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on-site and off-site improvements supporting alternative transportation (e.g., bus turnouts, bicycle racks) would be designed and constructed in accordance with applicable City standards.
g) Rail, waterborne, or air traffic impacts?
The 2001 EIR noted rail, waterborne and air traffic movements would not be directly affected by the Approved Project. No waterways or air corridors were known to exist on, or in the project vicinity. Although an existing rail line is located north of Green River Road, the 2001 EIR concluded the Approved Project would not affect the rail line.

4.17.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
Existing Vehicle Miles Traveled
For the purposes of CEQA traffic analysis of land use development and related projects, the most important background condition is existing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) data applicable to the local jurisdiction. Through consultation with City Staff, it was determined the Riverside County Model (RIVCOM) was the appropriate tool for conducting VMT analysis for the proposed Modified Project RIVCOM and the model is consistent with the City’s VMT impact threshold listed by the City Guidelines. The calculation of VMT for land use projects is based on the total number of trips generated and the average trip length of each vehicle type, and therefore vehicle trips and average daily trip lengths for project-related vehicle trips were derived using RIVCOM. Based on the modeled data, the calculation of existing VMT in the City applicable to the proposed Project is 40.6 as shown in Table 4.17-1: Existing VMT.

Table 4.17-1: Existing VMT
Baseline
Service Population 249,403
VMT 10,120,351
VMT per Service Population 40.6
Existing Roadway Network
The City’s roadway system and classifications are grouped into functional classifications based on two general criteria; first, the extent to which the road prioritizes the through movement of traffic; and second, the level of access to adjacent properties. Aside from these generalized characteristics, roadways vary in terms of right-of-way, width, number of lanes, intersection and traffic signal spacing, speed, and other characteristics (such as the presence of sidewalks,

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bikeways, landscaping, and improvements outside the right-of-way). Functional class is identified in the General Plan Table CE-1 Corona Functional Roadway Classification.

Existing Transit Facilities
Public transportation expands mobility options to citizens that may not be able to afford or physically operate other means of travel, as well as providing a transportation option for those who choose not to drive. The City’s transit network includes intercity buses, local buses, demand-responsive service, and commuter rail; all of which help people move. City of Corona, Riverside Transit Agency (RTA) transit routes are shown on General Plan Figure CE-2 Transit Routes.

Corona Cruiser and Dial-A-Ride
The Corona Cruiser is a fixed route service operated by the City of Corona. The system travels along two routes in the City, which include the Red and Blue Lines connecting with RTA buses, North Main Metrolink commuter train station, and Park & Ride lots. The Dial-A-Ride program is an on-demand, shared-ride transit system. The service provides mobility to seniors and persons with disabilities.

Riverside Transit Agency
Riverside Transit Agency (RTA) is the largest public transportation provider in Corona. RTA provides four bus routes to the West Corona Metrolink Station, the City of Fullerton, the City of Murrieta, and the City of Lake Elsinore. RTA provides access to the Corona Park-N-Ride Lot, the West Corona Station on the Metrolink Commuter Rail system, and the commuter link express bus route (206) that travels the cities of Corona, Lake Elsinore, Murrieta, and Temecula during the morning and evening peak hours.

MetroLink
Metrolink is a commuter rail program operated by the Southern California Regional Rail Authority (SCRRA), providing service from outlying suburban communities to employment centers such as Burbank, Irvine, and downtown Los Angeles. The 91 Line and the Inland Empire/Orange County Line serve the Metrolink stations in West Corona and North Main Corona. The 91 Line provides access between Riverside and Los Angeles, while the Inland Empire/Orange County Line provides access between Irvine and Riverside.

Orange County Transportation Authority
Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA) route 794 provides employee serving transit service between Corona and Orange County at the Riverside/Corona to South Coast Metro Express via the SR-91 and SR-55 freeways. The bus route is an AM and PM peak hour bus service that connect passengers to South Coast Plaza, Harbor Gateway Business Center, and several universities.

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Paratransit
Paratransit vans, mini-buses, and taxis are typically used to provide conventional paratransit service. Paratransit services vary considerably on the degree of flexibility they provide their customers. At their simplest, they may consist of a taxi or small bus that will run along a more or less defined route and then stop to pick up or discharge passengers on request. At the other end of the spectrum (fully demand-responsive transport), the most flexible paratransit systems offer on-demand call-up door-to-door service from any origin to any destination in a service area such as Uber or Lyft.

Bicycle Facilities
The City’s Bicycle Master Plan calls for bicycle lanes on various streets in order to increase emphasis on active transportation. General Plan Figure CE-3 Bikeway Plan shows existing and planned bikeways in the City. The Bicycle Master Plan proposes bicycle facilities consisting of Class I to Class III throughout the City. The bicycle facility classifications currently in use in Corona are Class I Bikeways (Off-Street Bike Paths) that are completely separate facilities designated for the exclusive use of bicyclists and pedestrians with minimal vehicle crossings, Class II Bikeways (Bike Lanes) that are striped lanes designated for the use of bicycles on a street or highway, and Class III Bikeways (Bike Routes) that are only identified by signs or pavement markings.

4.17.4 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES (PDF)
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.17.5 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal regulations related to population and housing that apply to the Modified Project.

STATE REGULATIONS
There are no State regulations related to traffic that apply to the Modified Project.

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WRCOG Transportation Mitigation Uniform Fee
The County of Riverside has a Transportation Mitigation Uniform Fee (TUMF), which is administered by the Western Regional Council of Governments (WRCOG). Under the TUMF, WRCOG collects fees from new development with the purpose of funding transportation improvements such as roadway widening, new roadways, intersection improvements, traffic signalization, etc., for the purpose of mitigating future growth.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
City of Corona Development Impact Fees
The City’s capital improvement plans specify the types of improvements required to achieve circulation and other goals, and provides a schedule of activities needed to fund, construct, and rehabilitate such improvements. In addition to payment of TUMF fees to the WRCOG (see above), the City requires payment of Development Impact Fees (DIF) per residential unit or non-residential square footage for street and signal improvements to fund transportation improvements to achieve the City’s circulation goals.

City of Corona VMT Thresholds
The City’s adopted VMT thresholds include a first screening step, to identify projects that would result in a less than significant traffic impact. If not screened out, a project moves on to the next step requiring a detailed VMT study based on comparing estimated project VMT to the exiting VMT for the project area. A significant impact would occur if the project generates total daily VMT per service population above the existing total daily VMT per service population for the City.

4.17.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant housing and population impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Projectrelated component would:

Threshold TRA-1 Conflict with a program, plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities)?
Threshold TRA-2 Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines § 15064.3, subdivision (b)?
Threshold TRA-3 Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)?
Threshold TRA-4 Result in inadequate emergency access?

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4.17.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

TRA-1 Conflict with a
program, plan,
ordinance or policy
addressing the
circulation system,
including transit,
roadway, bicycle and
pedestrian facilities)?
TRA-2 Conflict or be
inconsistent with
CEQA Guidelines §
15064.3, subdivision
(b)?
TRA-3 Substantially increase
hazards due to a
geometric design
feature (e.g., sharp
curves or dangerous
intersections) or
incompatible uses
(e.g., farm
equipment)?
TRA-4 Result in inadequate
emergency access?

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IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact TRA-1: Conflict with a program, plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

The General Plan Circulation Element describes the circulation system within the City and contains policies mostly pertaining to the broader circulation system the Modified Project would not impact. Each increment of development associated with the Modified Project including the BPI Development would be required to comply with obligatory requirements of the Municipal Code that implement policies of the General Plan pertaining to all forms for circulation. Each phase of the Modified Project would be required to provide sidewalks on all driveways, adequate parking and parking stalls, and street and driveway sections that meet City design criteria and support all form of transportation.

Consistent with existing requirements of the Municipal Code and policies of the General Plan, the BPI Development component will construct several roadway improvements along the project frontages and nearby offsite locations. These improvements are summarized as follows. • Prior to issuance of first occupancy permits in PAs 1, 2, and 3, the Developer of PAs 1, 2, and 3 shall install: a traffic signal at Street A/Green River Road; construct an eastbound right turn lane on Green River Road at the intersection approach with a minimum of 100-feet of storage; a westbound left turn lane on Green River Road at the intersection approach with 175-feet of storage; and a northbound left turn lane on Green River Road at the intersection approach with 150-feet of storage. For PA 4, the Developer of PA 4 will modify the signal to accommodate a northern leg with an eastbound left turn approach lane with a minimum of 150-feet of storage. • Prior to issuance of first occupancy permits in PAs 1, 2, and 3, the Developer of PAs 1, 2, and 3 Construct Green River Road to its ultimate General Plan roadway crosssection as a Major Arterial along the Project frontage (right-of-way varies from 118- feet to as wide as 200-feet, ultimate width to be determined at the time of Precise Plan Implementation for the adjacent Planning Areas). The ultimate Green River Road improvement width is constrained near Fresno Road pursuant to the Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan to a width of 118-feet. Roadway, curb and gutter, sidewalk, and landscaping improvements on the south side of Green River Road to be installed by the developer of PAs 1, 2, and 3 and on the north side of Green River Road to be installed by the developer of PA 4 shall be made as required by the final Conditions of Approval for the Project and applicable Specific Plan and City of Corona standards.

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• Prior to issuance of first occupancy permits in PAs 1, 2, and 3, the Developer of PAs 1, 2, and 3 shall construct Street A as a private collector (89-foot right-of-way and 65- foot curb-to-curb width) consistent with the applicable Specific Plan and City of Corona standards or as required by the final Conditions of Approval for the Project.

However, Street A will narrow to have a minimum 64-foot right-of-way with a 44-foot curb-to-curb width (will not include a raised median) and a 10-foot parkway. The 10- foot parkway will include a 5-foot-wide (minimum) sidewalk on either side of the street.

Impacts associated with conflicts with a program, plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities would be less than significant and no mitigation is required. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact TRA-2: Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines § 15064.3, subdivision (b)?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

Based on the results of the VMT Study, the Modified Project’s retail component (GC uses in PA 4) meets the local serving screening criteria. However, the remaining BPI Development and ER components do not meet any available screening criteria and therefore the VMT Study included a detailed VMT analysis. The VMT analysis was conducted consistent with the City VMT Guidelines.

The Modified Project’s VMT per service population was calculated to be 62.0. With a baseline City threshold VMT per service population of 40.6, the Modified Project would exceed the City’s impact threshold by 52.7%. Consequently, the Modified Project would result in a significant impact requiring mitigation. CEQA requires that feasible mitigation measures be implemented to reduce a project’s level of impact.

The VMT study determined mitigation of the BPI Development and ER VMT impact should involve development and implementation of transportation demand management (TDM) strategies that are considered feasible and will contribute to reducing project generated VMT.

Features to promote the use of alternative transportation modes such as sidewalks, bicycle lanes, and bicycle racks would be included as part of the BPI Development. As part of the TDM Plan, property owner associations and/or building occupants would be required to implement a TDM Plan to discourage single-occupancy vehicle trips for employees and

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encourage alternative modes of transportation such as carpooling, transit, walking, and biking.

Mitigation Measure MM TRA-1 defined in section 4.17.10 would reduce VMT impacts associated with the BPI and ER components of the Modified Project. Sufficient TDM reduction strategies do not exist to reduce the project’s daily VMT per service population by 52.7% as required to fully mitigate the impact. Consequently, even with implementation of all feasible mitigation, VMT service population thresholds would not be met resulting in a significant and unavoidable transportation impact. As concluded in the 2001 EIR, the Approved Project would result in significant and unavoidable transportation impacts. Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project. However, the Modified Project requires implementation of new Mitigation Measure MM TRA-1.

Mitigation Measure
The Modified Project introduces the following Mitigation Measure further described in detail Section 4.17.10.
• MM TRA-1
Impact TRA-3: Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)?
Eliminated, Reduced, or No Changes to Impacts and No Changes to the Prior EIR are Required.

Development of Modified Project would comply with existing development review procedures in accordance with the Municipal Code, Zoning Code, and the GRRSP that would reduce hazards (e.g., intersection design, roadway design, driveway design, etc.). The design of the Modified Project has been reviewed by the project traffic engineer and City’s engineering and fire departments for inconsistencies with design standards and hazardous conditions, and none have been identified. The Modified Project would not create hazardous conditions or incompatible land uses resulting in a less than significant impact and no mitigation is required.

Therefore, no new or substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

Mitigation Measure
No mitigation measures are required.

Impact TRA-4: Result in inadequate emergency access?
Please see Section 4.9 Hazards and Hazardous Materials, Subsection 4.9.7 Impact HAZ-6, for a thorough discussion of the Modified Project’s impacts associated with interference with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan.

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4.17.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/No Changes or No New Information Requiring Preparation of an EIR.

As discussed previously, VMT traffic impacts associated with the Modified Project were determined to be significant and unavoidable even with implementation of all feasible mitigation. The VMT metric is inherently a cumulative analysis, because VMT baselines are directly related to the land use pattern of a given area. Also discussed previously, the Approved Project’s impacts associated with LOS impacts were determined to be significant and unavoidable with mitigation. Therefore, no new or substantially greater cumulative traffic impact would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR for the Approved Project.

4.17.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No mitigation measures are required.

4.17.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT MM 4.17.1 Prior to the issuance of building permits for the BPI Development in PA 1, 2 and 3 and the Estate Residential uses in PA 5, separate Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Plans shall be prepared to reduce project VMT. Applicable trip reduction strategies may include but are not limited to the following:
• Implement voluntary local hiring programs.
• Mark preferred parking spaces for vanpools and carpools. • Provide on-site secured bike parking facilities.
• Provide information on carpooling and vanpooling opportunities to employees. • Provide an on-site message board in each building or other comparable system to encourage and provide information about public transit, carpooling, and vanpooling, and carpool and vanpool ride-matching services.

The TDM Plan shall include an estimate of the vehicle trip reduction anticipated for each strategy proposed based on published research such as California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA), Handbook for Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions, Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities, and Advancing Health and Equity (December 2021) (CAPCOA Handbook).

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4.18 TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES

4.18.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides a summary of applicable impacts and mitigation measures from the 2001 EIR, an overview of existing tribal cultural resources within the GRRSP Planning Area and surrounding region, a summary of applicable regulations, and analyses of potential impacts to tribal cultural resources from implementation of the Modified Project in comparison to the Approved Project. No Scoping Meeting or NOP comments were received pertaining to this topic.

In accordance with AB 52 and SB 18 requirements, the City sent invitation letters to representatives of the Native American contacts provided by the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), formally inviting tribes to consult with the City on the Modified Project.

The intent of the consultations is to provide an opportunity for interested Native American contacts to work together with the City during the Project planning process to identify and protect tribal cultural resources. Initial response letters were received from the Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation, Juaneno Band of Mission Indians – Acjachemen Nation, Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians, Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians, and Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians requesting additional information on the project or consultation. After corresponding with the interested tribes, the Juaneno Band of Mission Indians expressed no further concerns to the City, and three other tribes (Soboba, Pechanga, and Rincon) became nonresponsive to the City’s correspondences. Consultation occurred only between the City and Gabrieleno.

This section of the Draft SEIR is based on the Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment (CRA), prepared by Brian F. Smith Associates, Inc. (BFSA), dated August 7, 2020, revised January 10, 2024 (Appendix F) and a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search requested from the Native American Heritage Commission (Appendix N).

4.18.2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES FROM THE 2001 EIR
The 2001 EIR did not specifically address tribal cultural resources, although Section 4.8 Cultural Resources addressed certain aspects of tribal cultural resources. The Approved Project impact analysis related to tribal cultural resources as presented in Section 4.8 Cultural Resources of the 2001 EIR as well as any mitigation measures identified to reduce significant impacts are summarized as follows.
b) Archeological resources?
d) Ethnic cultural values?

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As stated in the 2001 EIR, the GRRSP area contained two manufactured homes, facilities for a horse boarding operation, and a church operating out of an old restaurant building. In addition, a 1939 concrete culvert at the extreme north end of the Approved Project area was evaluated for consideration as a historic resource, but was not considered a historic resource and not eligible for inclusion in the National Register and it has since been removed and replaced. The remainder of the Project area was undeveloped and no other structures existed on site. As a result, the 2001 EIR determined no impact would result. e) Restriction of sacred uses?
Although the GRRSP area included a church on site, the 2001 EIR determined there were no known unique ethnic or cultural values associated with the site. In addition, there were no known religious or sacred uses on site which would be affected by the Approved development, and no significant impact on religious/sacred uses attributable to the Approved Project would be expected.

Cumulative Impacts
The 2001 EIR determined there were no significant prehistoric or historic archeological resources located within the GRRSP Planning Area. As a result, the 2001 EIR determined, there was no cumulative impact anticipated by the implementation of Approved Project.

4.18.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The GRRSP Planning Area encompasses the area adjacent to Green River Road, east of the SR-91/Green River Road interchange and west of Dominguez Ranch Road. The Modified Project site is largely undeveloped. Elevations on site range from 1,110 feet in the southwestern corner of the property to 515 feet in the northeastern corner of the property.

Field Survey
A pedestrian survey was prepared as part of the Cultural Resources Study for the Modified Project on July 10, 2020. The survey was conducted in approximately 10-meter interval transects, when not hindered by steep terrain and dense vegetation. Visibility was moderate due to pockets of dense vegetation found throughout the property. The northern portion of the project consists of gently sloping to almost flat terrain. However, the southern portion of the project is comprised of the steep slopes of the Santa Ana Mountains which are separated by seasonal drainages extending from higher elevations north through the property into the Santa Ana River and the Wardlow Wash. The property historically has been utilized for ranching since at least 1946 that has impacted and disturbed much of the northern portions of the project.

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Sacred Lands File Search
A SLF search was also requested from the NAHC. The NAHC SLF search did not indicate the presence of any sacred sites or locations of religious or ceremonial importance within a onemile search radius (Appendix E-2).

Native American Cultural Setting
The CRA (SEIR Appendix E-1) prepared for the Modified Project provides a comprehensive summary of the Paleo Indian, Archaic Period Milling Stone Horizon, and the Late Prehistoric Takic groups which are the three general cultural periods represented in Riverside County. The summary references the San Dieguito Complex, Encinitas Tradition, Milling Stone Horizon, La Jolla Complex, Pauma Complex, and San Luis Rey Complex, since these culture sequences have been used to describe archaeological manifestations in the region. The Late Prehistoric component present in the Riverside County area was primarily represented by the Cahuilla, Gabrielino, and Luiseño Indians. An archaeological and ethnographic perspective summary of these three Native American peoples is presented as follows.

Luiseño: An Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspective When contacted by the Spanish in the sixteenth century, the Luiseño occupied a territory bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the east by the Peninsular Ranges mountains at San Jacinto (including Palomar Mountain to the south and Santiago Peak to the north), on the south by Agua Hedionda Lagoon, and on the north by Aliso Creek in present-day San Juan Capistrano. The Luiseño were a Takic-speaking people more closely related linguistically and ethnographically to the Cahuilla, Gabrielino, and Cupeño to the north and east rather than the Kumeyaay who occupied territory to the south. The Luiseño differed from their neighboring Takic speakers in having an extensive proliferation of social statuses, a system of ruling families that provided ethnic cohesion within the territory, a distinct worldview that stemmed from the use of datura (a hallucinogen), and an elaborate religion that included the creation of sacred sand paintings depicting the deity Chingichngish.

Subsistence and Settlement: The Luiseño occupied sedentary villages most often located in sheltered areas in valley bottoms, along streams, or along coastal strands near mountain ranges.

Villages were located near water sources to facilitate acorn leaching and in areas that offered thermal and defensive protection. Villages were composed of areas that were publicly and privately (by family) owned. Publicly owned areas included trails, temporary campsites, hunting areas, and quarry sites. Inland groups had fishing and gathering sites along the coast that were intensively used from January to March when inland food resources were scarce.

During October and November, most of the village would relocate to mountain oak groves to harvest acorns. The Luiseño remained at village sites for the remainder of the year, where food resources were within a day’s travel.

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Social Organization: Social groups within the Luiseño nation consisted of patrilinear families or clans, which were politically and economically autonomous. Several clans comprised a religious party, or nota, which was headed by a chief who organized ceremonies and controlled economics and warfare. The chief had assistants who specialized in particular aspects of ceremonial or environmental knowledge and who, with the chief, were part of a religion-based social group with special access to supernatural power, particularly that of Chingichngish. The positions of chief and assistants were hereditary, and the complexity and multiplicity of these specialists’ roles likely increased in A Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment for the Green River Ranch III Project coastal and larger inland villages.

Marriages were arranged by the parents, often made to forge alliances between lineages. Useful alliances included those between groups of differing ecological niches and those that resulted in territorial expansion. Residence was patrilocal (Bean and Shipek 1978; Kroeber 1976).

Women were primarily responsible for plant gathering and men principally hunted, although, at times, particularly during acorn and marine mollusk harvests, there was no division of labor.

Elderly women cared for children and elderly men participated in rituals, ceremonies, and political affairs. They were also responsible for manufacturing hunting and ritual implements.

Children were taught subsistence skills at the earliest age possible.

Material Culture: House structures were conical, partially subterranean, and thatched with reeds, brush, or bark. Ramadas were rectangular, protected workplaces for domestic chores such as cooking. Ceremonial sweathouses were important in purification rituals; these were round and partially subterranean thatched structures covered with a layer of mud. Another ceremonial structure was the wámkis (located in the center of the village, serving as the place of rituals), where sand paintings and other rituals associated with the Chingichngish religious group were performed.

Clothing was minimal; women wore a cedar-bark and netted twine double apron and men wore a waist cord. In cold weather, cloaks or robes of rabbit fur, deerskin, or sea otter fur were worn by both sexes. Footwear included deerskin moccasins and sandals fashioned from yucca fibers.

Adornments included bead necklaces and pendants made of bone, clay, stone, shell, bear claw, mica, deer hooves, and abalone shell. Men wore ear and nose piercings made from cane or bone, which were sometimes decorated with beads. Other adornments were commonly decorated with semiprecious stones including quartz, topaz, garnet, opal, opalite, agate, and jasper.

Hunting implements included the bow and arrow. Arrows were tipped with either a carved, fire-hardened wood tip or a lithic point, usually fashioned from locally available metavolcanic material or quartz. Throwing sticks fashioned from wood were used in hunting small game, while deer head decoys were used during deer hunts. Coastal groups fashioned dugout canoes for nearshore fishing and harvested fish with seines, nets, traps, and hooks made of bone or abalone shell.

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The Luiseño had a well-developed basket industry. Baskets were used in resource gathering, food preparation, storage, and food serving. Ceramic containers were shaped by paddle and anvil and fired in shallow, open pits to be used for food storage, cooking, and serving. Other utensils included wood implements, steatite bowls, and ground stone manos, metates, mortars, and pestles. Additional tools such as knives, scrapers, choppers, awls, and drills were also used.

Shamanistic items include soapstone or clay smoking pipes and crystals made of quartz or tourmaline.

Cahuilla: An Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspective At the time of Spanish contact in the sixteenth century, the Cahuilla occupied territory that included the San Bernardino Mountains, Orocopia Mountain, and the Chocolate Mountains to the west, Salton Sea and Borrego Springs to the south, Palomar Mountain and Lake Mathews to the west, and the Santa Ana River to the north. The Cahuilla are a Takic-speaking people closely related to their Gabrielino and Luiseño neighbors, although relations with the Gabrielino were more intense than with the Luiseño. They differ from the Luiseño and Gabrielino in that their religion is more similar to the Mohave tribes of the eastern deserts than the Chingichngish religious group of the Luiseño and Gabrielino. The following is a summary of ethnographic data regarding this group.

Subsistence and Settlement: Cahuilla villages were typically permanent and located on low terraces within canyons in proximity to water sources. These locations proved to be rich in food resources and also afforded protection from prevailing winds. Villages had areas that were publicly owned and areas that were privately owned by clans, families, or individuals. Each village was associated with a particular lineage and series of sacred sites that included unique petroglyphs and pictographs. Villages were occupied throughout the year; however, during a several-week period in the fall, most of the village members relocated to mountain oak groves to take part in acorn harvesting.

Social Organization: The Cahuilla was not a political nation, but rather a cultural nationality with a common language. Two non-political, non-territorial patrimoieties were recognized: the Wildcats (túktem) and the Coyotes. Lineage and kinship were memorized at a young age among the Cahuilla, providing a backdrop for political relationships. Clans were composed of three to 10 lineages; each lineage owned a village site and specific resource areas. Lineages within a clan cooperated in subsistence activities, defense, and rituals.

A system of ceremonial hierarchy operated within each lineage. The hierarchy included the lineage leader, who was responsible for leading subsistence activities, guarding the sacred bundle, and negotiating with other lineage leaders in matters concerning land use, boundary disputes, marriage arrangements, trade, warfare, and ceremonies. The ceremonial assistant to the lineage leader was responsible for organizing ceremonies. A ceremonial singer possessed and performed songs at rituals and trained assistant singers. The shaman cured illnesses

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through supernatural powers, controlled natural phenomena, and was the guardian of ceremonies, keeping evil spirits away. The diviner was responsible for finding lost objects, telling future events, and locating game and other food resources. Doctors were usually older women who cured various ailments and illnesses with their knowledge of medicinal herbs.

Finally, certain Cahuilla specialized as traders, who ranged as far west as Santa Catalina and as far east as the Gila River.

Marriages were arranged by parents from opposite moieties. When a child was born, an alliance formed between the families, which included frequent reciprocal exchanges. The Cahuilla kinship system extended to relatives within five generations. Important economic decisions, primarily the distribution of goods, operated within this kinship system.

Material Culture: Cahuilla houses were dome-shaped or rectangular, thatched structures. The home of the lineage leader was the largest, located near the ceremonial house with the best access to water. Other structures within the village included the men’s sweathouse and granaries.

Cahuilla clothing, like other groups in the area, was minimal. Men typically wore a loincloth and sandals; women wore skirts made from mesquite bark, animal skin, or tules. Babies wore mesquite bark diapers. Rabbit skin cloaks were worn in cold weather.

Hunting implements included the bow and arrow, throwing sticks, and clubs. Grinding tools used in food processing included manos, metates, and wood mortars. The Cahuilla were known to use long grinding implements made from wood to process mesquite beans; the mortar was typically a hollowed log buried in the ground. Other tools included steatite arrow shaft straighteners.

Baskets were made from rush, deer grass, and skunkbrush. Different species and leaves were chosen for different colors in the basket design. Coiled-ware baskets were either flat (for plates, trays, or winnowing), bowl-shaped (for food serving), deep, inverted, and cone-shaped (for transporting), or rounded and flat-bottomed for storing utensils and personal items.

Cahuilla pottery was made from a thin, red-colored ceramic ware that was often painted and incised. Four basic vessel types are known for the Cahuilla: small-mouthed jars, cooking pots, bowls, and dishes. Additionally, smoking pipes and flutes were fashioned from ceramic.

Gabrielino: An Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspective The territory of the Gabrielino at the time of Spanish contact covers much of present-day Los Angeles and Orange counties. The southern extent of this culture area is bounded by Aliso Creek, the eastern extent is located east of present-day San Bernardino along the Santa Ana River, the northern extent includes the San Fernando Valley, and the western extent includes portions of the Santa Monica Mountains. The Gabrielino also occupied several Channel Islands including Santa Barbara Island, Santa Catalina Island, San Nicholas Island, and San Clemente

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Island. Because of their access to certain resources, including a steatite source from Santa Catalina Island, this group was among the wealthiest and most populous aboriginal groups in all of southern California. Trade of materials and resources controlled by the Gabrielino extended as far north as the San Joaquin Valley, as far east as the Colorado River, and as far south as Baja California.

Subsistence and Settlement: The Gabrielino lived in permanent villages and occupied smaller resource-gathering camps at various times of the year depending upon the seasonality of the resource. Larger villages were comprised of several families or clans, while smaller, seasonal camps typically housed smaller family units. The coastal area between San Pedro and Topanga Canyon was the location of primary subsistence villages, while secondary sites were located near inland sage stands, oak groves, and pine forests. Permanent villages were located along rivers and streams and in sheltered areas along the coast. As previously mentioned, the Channel Islands were also the locations of relatively large settlements.

Social Organization: The social structure of the Gabrielino is little known; however, there appears to have been at least three social classes: 1) the elite, which included the rich, chiefs, and their immediate family; 2) a middle class, which included people of relatively high economic status or long-established lineages; and 3) a class of people that included most other individuals in the society. Villages were politically autonomous units comprised of several lineages. During times of the year when certain seasonal resources were available, the village would divide into lineage groups and move out to exploit them, returning to the village between forays.

Each lineage had its own leader, with the village chief coming from the dominant lineage.

Several villages might be allied under a paramount chief. Chiefly positions were of an ascribed status, most often passed to the eldest son. Chiefly duties included providing village cohesion, leading warfare and peace negotiations with other groups, collecting tribute from the village(s) under his jurisdiction, and arbitrating disputes within the village(s). The status of the chief was legitimized by his safekeeping of the sacred bundle, a representation of the link between the material and spiritual realms and the embodiment of power.

Shamans were leaders in the spirit realm. The duties of the shaman included conducting healing and curing ceremonies, guarding the sacred bundle, locating lost items, identifying and collecting poisons for arrows, and making rain.

Marriages were made between individuals of equal social status and, in the case of powerful lineages, marriages were arranged to establish political ties between the lineages.

Men conducted the majority of the heavy labor, hunting, fishing, and trading with other groups.

Women’s duties included gathering and preparing plant and animal resources, and making baskets, pots, and clothing.

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Material Culture: Gabrielino houses were domed, circular structures made of thatched vegetation. Houses varied in size and could house from one to several families. Sweathouses (semicircular, earth covered buildings) were public structures used in male social ceremonies.

Other structures included menstrual huts and a ceremonial structure called a yuvar, an openair structure built near the chief’s house.

Clothing was minimal; men and children most often went naked, while women wore deerskin or bark aprons. In cold weather, deerskin, rabbit fur, or bird skin (with feathers intact) cloaks were worn. Island and coastal groups used sea otter fur for cloaks. In areas of rough terrain, yucca fiber sandals were worn. Women often used red ochre on their faces and skin for adornment or protection from the sun. Adornment items included feathers, fur, shells, and beads.

Hunting implements included wood clubs, sinew-backed bows, slings, and throwing clubs.

Maritime implements included rafts, harpoons, spears, hook and line, and nets. A variety of other tools included deer scapulae saws, bone and shell needles, bone awls, scrapers, bone or shell flakers, wedges, stone knives and drills, metates, mullers, manos, shell spoons, bark platters, and wood paddles and bowls. Baskets were made from rush, deer grass, and skunkbush. Baskets were fashioned for hoppers, plates, trays, and winnowers for leaching, straining, and gathering. Baskets were also used for storing, preparing, and serving food, and for keeping personal and ceremonial items.

The Gabrielino had exclusive access to soapstone, or steatite, procured from Santa Catalina Island quarries. This highly prized material was used for making pipes, animal carvings, ritual objects, ornaments, and cooking utensils. The Gabrielino profited well from trading steatite since it was valued so much by groups throughout southern California.

Ethnohistoric Period (1769 to Present)
Traditionally, the history of the state of California can be referred to together as the Ethnohistoric Period from 1769 to the present. European exploration along the California coast began in 1542 with the landing of Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo and his men at San Diego Bay.

Over the ensuing years, early European voyages observed Native Americans living in villages along the coast but did not make any substantial, long-lasting impact. At the time of contact, the Luiseño population was estimated to have ranged from 4,000 to as many as 10,000 individuals. Later on in the late 1700s, Spanish colonization expeditions started exploring San Diego, Riverside, Orange and Los Angeles Counties eventually establishing missions. Each mission gained power through the support of a large, subjugated Native American workforce.

Early colonization efforts were followed by the establishment of estancias. Throughout this period, the Native American populations were decimated by introduced diseases, a drastic shift in diet resulting in poor nutrition, and social conflicts due to the introduction of an entirely new social order. The treatment of Native Americans grew worse during the Mexican Rancho

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Period. Most of the Native Americans were forced off of their land or put to work on the now privately-owned ranchos, most often as slave labor. In light of the brutal ranchos, the degree to which Native Americans had become dependent upon the mission system is evident when, in 1838, a group of Native Americans from Mission San Luis Rey petitioned government officials in San Diego to relieve suffering at the hands of the rancheros:

We have suffered incalculable losses, for some of which we are in part to be blamed for because many of us have abandoned the Mission … We plead and beseech you … to grant us a Rev. Father for this place. We have been accustomed to the Rev. Fathers and to their manner of managing the duties. We labored under their intelligent directions, and we were obedient to the Fathers according to the regulations, because we considered it as good for us.

Native American culture had been disrupted to the point where they could no longer rely upon prehistoric subsistence and social patterns. Not only does this illustrate how dependent the Native Americans had become upon the missionaries, but it also indicates a marked contrast in the way the Spanish treated the Native Americans compared to the Mexican and United States ranchers. Spanish colonialism (missions) is based upon utilizing human resources while integrating them into their society. The Mexican and American ranchers did not accept Native Americans into their social order and used them specifically for the extraction of labor, resources, and profit. Rather than being incorporated, they were either subjugated or exterminated.

4.18.4 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES (PDF)
No Project Design Features are proposed for the Modified Project.

4.18.5 EXISTING REGULATIONS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES

FEDERAL REGULATIONS
There are no federal regulations that apply to the Modified Project.

STATE REGULATIONS
California Public Resources Code
Archaeological resources are protected pursuant to a wide variety of state policies and regulations enumerated under the California Public Resources Code. In addition, cultural resources are recognized as a nonrenewable resource and therefore receive protection under the California Public Resources Code and CEQA.

California Public Resources Code 5097.9–5097.991 provides protection to Native American historical and cultural resources, and sacred sites and identifies the powers and duties of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). It also requires notification of discoveries of

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Native American human remains, descendants and provides for treatment and disposition of human remains and associated grave goods.

California Health and Safety Code
The discovery of human remains is regulated by California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5, which states that:

In the event of discovery or recognition of any human remains in any location other than a dedicated cemetery, there shall be no further excavation…until the coroner…has determined…that the remains are not subject to…provisions of law concerning investigation of the circumstances, manner and cause of any death, and the recommendations concerning the treatment and disposition of the human remains have been made to the person responsible…. The coroner shall make his or her determination within two working days from the time the person responsible for the excavation, or his or her authorized representative, notifies the coroner of the discovery or recognition of the human remains. If the coroner determines that the remains are not subject to his or her authority and…has reason to believe that they are those of a Native American, he or she shall contact, by telephone within 24 hours, the Native American Heritage Commission.

California Senate Bill 18
Existing law provides limited protection for Native American prehistoric, archaeological, cultural, spiritual, and ceremonial places. These places may include sanctified cemeteries, religious, ceremonial sites, shrines, burial grounds, prehistoric ruins, archaeological or historic sites, Native American rock art inscriptions, or features of Native American historic, cultural, and sacred sites.

Senate Bill 18 was signed into law in September 2004 and went into effect on March 1, 2005.

It places new requirements upon local governments for developments within or near “traditional tribal cultural places” (TTCP). Per SB 18, the law requires local jurisdictions to provide opportunities for involvement of California Native Americans tribes in the land planning process for the purpose of preserving traditional tribal cultural places. The Final Tribal Guidelines recommends that the NAHC provide written information as soon as possible but no later than 30 days to inform the lead agency if the proposed project is determined to be in proximity to a TTCP and another 90 days for tribes to respond to a local government if they want to consult to determine whether the project would have an adverse impact on the TTCP.

There is no statutory limit on the consultation duration. Forty-five days before the action is publicly considered by the local government council, the local government refers action to agencies, following the CEQA public review time frame. The CEQA public distribution list may include tribes listed by the NAHC who have requested consultation or it may not. If the NAHC, the tribe, and interested parties agree upon the mitigation measures necessary for the

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proposed project, they would be included in the project’s EIR. If both the City of Corona and the tribe agree that adequate mitigation or preservation measures cannot be taken, neither party is obligated to take action.

Per SB 18, a city or county is required to consult with the NAHC and any appropriate Native American tribe prior to the adoption, revision, amendment, or update of a city’s or county’s general plan. Although SB 18 does not specifically mention consultation or notice requirements for adoption or amendment of specific plans, the Final Tribal Guidelines advises that SB 18 requirements extend to specific plans as well, because state planning law requires local governments to use the same process for amendment or adoption of specific plans as general plans (defined in Government Code § 65453). In addition, SB 18 provides a new definition of TTCP requiring a traditional association of the site with Native American traditional beliefs, cultural practices, or ceremonies or the site must be shown to actually have been used for activities related to traditional beliefs, cultural practices, or ceremonies. (Previously, the site was defined to require only an association with traditional beliefs, practices, lifeways, and ceremonial activities.) In addition, SB 18 law also amended Civil Code Section 815.3 and adds California Native American tribes to the list of entities that can acquire and hold conservation easements for the purpose of protecting their cultural places.

Assembly Bill 52
AB 52 took effect July 1, 2015, and requires inclusion of a new section in CEQA documents titled Tribal Cultural Resources (TCR), which includes heritage sites. Under AB 52, a tribal cultural resource is defined in a similar way to tribal cultural places under SB 18 sites, features, places, cultural landscapes, sacred places, and objects with cultural value to a California Native American tribe that are either included or eligible for inclusion in the California Register of Historic Resources or included in a local register of historical resources. Or the lead agency, supported by substantial evidence, chooses at its discretion to treat the resource as a tribal cultural resource.

Similar to SB 18, AB 52 requires consultation with tribes at an early stage to determine whether the project would have an adverse impact on the TCR and mitigation to protect them. Per AB 52, within 14 days of deciding to undertake a project or determining that a project application is complete, the lead agency must provide formal written notification to all tribes who have requested it. The tribe then has 30 days of receiving the notification to respond if it wishes to engage in consultation. The lead agency must initiate consultation within 30 days of receiving the request from the tribe. Consultation concluded when both parties have agreed on measures to mitigate, or avoid a significant effect to a tribal cultural resource, or a party, after a reasonable effort tin good faith, decides that mutual agreement cannot be reached. Regardless of the outcome of consultation, the CEQA document must disclose significant impacts on tribal cultural resources and discussfeasible alternatives or mitigation that avoid or lessen the impact.

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REGIONAL REGULATIONS
There are no regional regulations that apply to the Modified Project.

LOCAL REGULATIONS
General Plan Historic Resources Element
The following are relevant policies from the Historic Resources Element of the Corona General Plan, which may contribute to reduce potential tribal cultural resources impacts as a result of implementation of the proposed Modified Project.

Policy HR-3.1: Require appropriate treatment/preservation of archaeological collections in a culturally appropriate manner, in accordance with state and federal standards, and in consultation with interested Native American tribes that have traditional cultural affiliation with the project area and/or the resources affected by the project.

Policy HR-3.2: Require that development proposals incorporate specific measures to identify, protect, and preserve cultural resources in the planning, environmental review, and development process.

Policy HR-3.3: Archaeological resources found prior to or during construction shall be evaluated by a qualified archaeologist and appropriate mitigation measures applied, pursuant to § 21083.2 of CEQA, before the resumption of development activities. Any measures applied shall include the preparation of a report meeting professional standards, which shall be submitted to the appropriate CHRIS information center.

Policy HR-3.4: Any project that involves earth-disturbing activities in an area determined to be archaeologically or culturally sensitive shall require evaluation of the site by a qualified archaeologist. The applicant shall implement the recommendations of the archaeologist, subject to the approval of the City Planning Department.

Policy HR-3.5: Any project that involves earth-disturbing activities in an area determined to be archaeologically or culturally sensitive shall require consultation by the applicant with interested federally recognized American Indian Tribe(s) that have a traditional cultural affiliation with the project area and/or the resources affected by the project, for the purposes of determining resources impacts and appropriate mitigation to address such impacts.

Applicant shall also arrange for monitoring of earth- disturbing activities by interested federally recognized American Indian Tribe(s) that have a traditional cultural affiliation with the project area and/or the resources affected by the project, if requested.

Policy HR-3.8: In the event of the discovery of a burial, human bone, or suspected human bone, all excavation or grading in the vicinity of the find shall halt immediately and the area shall be protected and the project applicant immediately shall notify the Riverside County Coroner and comply with provisions of the Health and Safety Code § 7050.5, including PRC

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§ 5097.98, if applicable. If the find is determined to be Native American human remains, the applicant shall consult with the Most Likely Descendent to determine appropriate treatment for such remains.

4.18.6 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the relevant CEQA Guidelines as currently implemented by the City of Corona, significant agricultural and forest resources impacts would occur if the proposed Project or any Project-related component would:

Threshold TCR-1 Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code § 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
i) Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k), or
ii) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code § 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code § 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe.

4.18.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Impacts
Would the
Modified
Project result
in new or
more severe
impacts
requiring
revisions to
the Prior
EIR?
Would the
Modified Project be
implemented under
changed
circumstances
resulting in new or
more severe
impacts requiring
revisions to the
Prior EIR?
Is there new
information that
would result in
new or more
severe impacts
from the
Modified Project
requiring
revisions to the
Prior EIR?
Would the
Modified
Project result in
eliminated,
reduced, or no
changes to
impacts and no
changes to the
Prior EIR are
required?
Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code § 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:

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TCR-1 Listed or eligible for listing
in the California Register of
Historical Resources, or in a
local register of historical
resources as defined in
Public Resources Code
section 5020.1(k)?
TCR-2 A resource determined by
the lead agency, in its
discretion and supported by
substantial evidence, to be
significant pursuant to
criteria set forth in
subdivision (c) of Public
Resources Code § 5024.1.

In applying the criteria set
forth in subdivision (c) of
Public Resource Code §
5024.1, the lead agency
shall consider the
significance of the resource
to a California Native
American tribe?

IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED PROJECT
Impact TCR-1: Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code § 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k)?
Impact TCR-2: Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code § 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is a resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code § 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code § 5024.1, the lead agency

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shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe?
Change in Circumstance or New Information Requiring Major or Minor EIR Revisions.

As determined in Section 4.5 Cultural Resources, the Modified Project site includes a boardformed concrete water tank, a concrete-lined reservoir, and a front-gabled cinderblock garage, however, does not contain resources eligible for listing on a register of historical resources. In addition, the Cultural Resources Assessment (Appendix E) prepared for the Project included a records search for the Modified Project site and surrounding area was conducted through the Eastern Information Center at the University of California Riverside and did not identify any historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k) on the site.

However, as previsoulsy stated in Section 4.5, Cultural Resources, given the prior disturbance and historic use of the Project site, and the proximity to multiple natural sources of water, unknown buried archaeological deposits may be encountered within the Planning Area during grading operations. Due to current best practices and the City’s General Plan, it is understood that unknown resources may be encounter during development of the Modified Project may occur resulting in a significant impact. As stated in Section 4.5.10, Mitigation Measure, MM CUL-1, all earthwork for development of the Modified Project would be required to be monitored by a qualified archaeologist and protocols within the Mitigation Monitoring Reporting Program (MMRP) are to be followed.

Furthermore, the SLF search (Appendix E-2) completed by the NAHC to determine if recorded Native American sacred sites or locations of religious or ceremonial importance are present within a one-mile radius of the Project site, yielded negative results. Given that there are no known tribal cultural resources on or adjacent to the Modified Project site, there is a limited potential for the Project to impact tribal cultural resources.

However, as part of the AB 52 and SB 18 consultation processes, the Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation have indicated there is a high potential to impact TCRs during grading activities of the Modified Project due to the prehistoric activities that occurred within and around the GRRSP Planning Area. In consideration of the Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation, their suggested Mitigation Measures, MM TCR-1 thru TCR-3, would be included to reduce the potential impact to unknown Tribal Cultural Resource unearthed during grading construction activities. Thus, impacts to tribal cultural resources would be reduced to less than significant with implementation of MM CUL-1, MM TCR-1 thru TRC-3. However, no substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR.

Mitigation Measure
The Modified Project introduces the following Mitigation Measures and are further described in detail Section 4.18.10.

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• MM TCR-1 thru TCR-3
• MM CUL-1 as previously defined in Section 4.5.10.

4.18.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODIFIED

PROJECT
Less Than Significant Impact/ Change in Circumstance or New Information Requiring Major or Minor EIR Revisions.

The cumulative study area for tribal cultural resources includes the City of Corona region, which contains the same general tribal historic setting. Other projects throughout the City that would involve ground disturbances could reveal buried tribal cultural resources.

Cumulative impacts to tribal cultural resources would be reduced by compliance with applicable regulations and consultations required by SB 18. As described above, the GRRSP Planning Area is not known to contain tribal cultural resources; however, Mitigation Measures CUL-1, and TCR-1 thru TCR-3 would be implemented to ensure that impacts would not occur in the case of an inadvertent discovery of a potential tribal cultural resource.

These mitigation measures ensure that the Modified Project would not contribute to a cumulative loss of tribal cultural resources. Therefore, potential cumulative impacts would be less than significant. However, no substantially greater impacts would occur with implementation of the Modified Project when compared to those identified in the 2001 EIR.

4.18.9 MITIGATION MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN PRIOR EIR APPLICABLE TO

MODIFIED PROJECT
No prior mitigation measures were required as determined in the 2001 EIR.

4.18.10 NEW MITIGATION MEASURES APPLICABLE TO MODIFIED PROJECT MM TCR-1: Retain a Native American Monitor Prior to Commencement of GroundDisturbing Activities A. The Project applicant/lead agency shall retain a Native American Monitor from or approved by the Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation. The monitor shall be retained prior to the commencement of any “ground-disturbing activity” for the subject project at all project locations(i.e., both on-site and any off-site locations that are included in the project description/definition and/or required in connection with the project, such as public improvement work). “Ground-disturbing activity” shall include, but is not limited to, demolition, pavement removal, potholing, auguring, grubbing, tree removal, boring, grading, excavation, drilling, and trenching.

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B. A copy of the executed monitoring agreement shall be submitted to the lead agency prior to the earlier of the commencement of any ground-disturbing activity, or the issuance of any permit necessary to commence a ground-disturbing activity.

C. The monitor will complete daily monitoring logs that will provide descriptions of the relevant ground-disturbing activities, the type of construction activities performed, locations of ground-disturbing activities, soil types, cultural-related materials, and any other facts, conditions, materials, or discoveries of significance to the Tribe. Monitor logs will identify and describe any discovered TCRs, including but not limited to, Native American cultural and historical artifacts, remains, places of significance, etc., (collectively, tribal cultural resources, or “TCR”), as well as any discovered Native American (ancestral) human remains and burial goods. Copies of monitor logs will be provided to the project applicant/lead agency upon written request to the Tribe.

D. On-site tribal monitoring shall conclude upon the latter of the following (1) written confirmation to the Kizh from a designated point of contact for the project applicant/lead agency that all ground-disturbing activities and phases that may involve ground-disturbing activities on the project site or in connection with the project are complete; or (2) a determination and written notification by the Kizh to the project applicant/lead agency that no future, planned construction activity and/or development/construction phase at the project site possesses the potential to impact Kizh TCRs.

E. Upon discovery of any TCRs, all construction activities in the immediate vicinity of the discovery shall cease (i.e., not less than the surrounding 50 feet) and shall not resume until the discovered TCR has been fully assessed by the Kizh monitor and/or Kizh archaeologist.

The Kizh will recover and retain all discovered TCRs in the form and/or manner the Tribe deems appropriate, in the Tribe’s sole discretion, and for any purpose the Tribe deems appropriate, including for educational, cultural and/or historic purposes.

MM TCR-2: Unanticipated Discovery of Human Remains and Associated Funerary Objects A. Native American human remains are defined in PRC 5097.98 (d)(1) as an inhumation or cremation, and in any state of decomposition or skeletal completeness. Funerary objects, called associated grave goods in Public Resources Code Section 5097.98, are also to be treated according to this statute.

Corona City CouncilFebruary 5, 2025

Corona City Council
February 5, 2025