GAS RR TOTAL
Otay Water District
Number 6 0 0 6
Exposure
(x$1,000) 36,954 0 0 36,954
Padre Dam Municipal
Water Distrct
Number 7 0 0 7
Exposure (x1000) 44,309 0 0 44,309
Port of San Diego
Number 4 0 0 4
Exposure (x1000) 29,618 0 0 29,618
Poway
Number 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,447 0 0 2,447
Rainbow Municipal
Water District
Number 12 0 0 12
Exposure (x1000) 77,724 0 0 77,724
Rancho Santa Fe
FPD
Number 1 0 0 1
Exposure (x1000) 3,194 0 0 3,194
San Diego (City)
Number 73 0 0 73
Exposure
(x$1,000) 487,978 0 0 487,978
San Diego County
Water Authority
Number 155 0 0 155
Exposure (x1000) 1,031,356 0 0 1,031,356
San Marcos
Number 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 6,875 0 0 6,875
San Miguel FPD
Number 3 0 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 22,018 0 0 22,018
Santee
Number 5 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 34,354 0 0 34,354
Solana Beach
Number 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater Authority
Number 10 0 0 10
Exposure
(x$1,000) 64,360 0 0 64,360
Unincorporated
Number 113 0 5 118
Exposure
(x$1,000) 756,449 0 7,954 764,403
Vista
Number 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 5,401 0 0 5,401
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 280
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 202
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Vista Irrigation District
Number 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Total Number 437 0 5 449
Total Exposure (x
$1,000) 2,903,601 0 7,954 2,960,937
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 281
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 203
TABLE 43: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE AND LOSSES FROM 100-YEAR EARTHQUAKE HAZARD BY
JURISDICTION
Residential
Buildings at Risk
Commercial
Buildings at Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fire Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad 0 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado 0 0 0 0 0
Del mar 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial beach 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside 0 0 0 0 0
Otay Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam Municipal Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Port of San Diego 0 0 0 0 0
Poway 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa Fe Fire Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego County Water Authority 0 0 0 0 0
San Marco 0 0 0 0 0
San Miguel Fire Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
Santee 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater Authority 0 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated 4,440 2,982 $1,158,507 77 $23,281
Vista 0 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation District 0 0 0 0 0
Total 4,440 2,982 $1,158,507 77 $23,281
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 282
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 204
TABLE 44: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM 100-YEAR EARTHQUAKE
HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Alpine Fire
Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial
Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Otay Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam
Municipal
Water District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port of San
Diego
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal
Water District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa
Fed Fire
Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego
(City)
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 283
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 205
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL San Diego
County Water
Authority
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Marcos
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Santee
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Miguel
Fire Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Unincorporate
d
Number 3 11 0 4 6 3 4 0 0 0 3 34
Exposure
(x$1,000)
$176,37
6 $62,920 0 $8,000 $1,938,0
00 $9,144 $12,192 0 0 0 $27,602 $2,234,234
Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total
Exposure (x
$1,000)
$176,37
6 $62,920 0 $8,000 $1,938,0
00 $9,144 $12,192 0 0 0 $27,602 $2,234,234
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 284
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 206
TABLE 45: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM 100- YEAR EARTHQUAKE
HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Alpine Fire Protection
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Otay Water District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 285
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 207
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Padre Dam Municipal
Water District
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Port of San Diego
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 0
Poway
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal
Water
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa Fe Fire
Protection District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
San Diego County
Water
Authority
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 0
San Marcos
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
San Miguel Fire
Protection
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Santee
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater Authority
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated
Total KMs 183 0 29 212
Exposure
(x$1,000) $43,215 0 $1,219,888 $1,263,013
Vista
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Total Number 183 0 29 212
Total Exposure (x $1,000) $43,215 0 $1,219,888 $1,263,013 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 286
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 208
TABLE 46: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM 500-YEAR EARTHQUAKE
HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings
at Risk
Commercial
Buildings at Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fire Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad 19,092 4,538 $1,763,467 352 $106,427
Chula Vista 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado 0 0 0 0 0
Del mar 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido 96,129 21,857 $8,493,630 974 $294,489
Imperial beach 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside 130,943 40,592 $15,774,051 1,492 $451,106
Otay Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam Municipal Water District 0 0 0 0 0
Port of San Diego 0 0 0 0 0
Poway 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal Water District 0 8,313 $3,230,432 54 $16,327 Rancho Santa Fe Fire Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego 504 0 0 2 $604,700
San Diego County Water Authority 501,096 138,019 $53,634,183 8,341 $2,521,901 San Marcos 55,473 13,312 $5,173,043 1,148 $347,098
San Miguel Fire Protection District 0 0 0 0 0
Santee 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater Authority 0 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated 193,801 46,242 $17,969,641 3,272 $989,289 Vista 90,570 21,763 $8,457,102 1,041 $423,592
Vista Irrigation District 33,787 1,262 $490,413 61 $18,443 Total 1,121,395 295,898 $114,985,962 16,737 $5,773,372
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 287
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 209
TABLE 47: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM 500-YEAR EARTHQUAKE
HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Carlsbad
0 Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 5,720 0 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 134,384 143,152
Chula Vista
0 Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado
0 Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
0 Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
0 Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
0 Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido
0 Number 0 22 0 0 3 2 11 1 0 1 17 57
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 146,740 0 0 969,000 6,096 33,528 16,629 0 30,000 996,780 2,198,773 Imperial Beach
0 Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
0 Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Number 1 27 1 1 1 8 9 1 0 2 17 68
Exposure
(x$1,000) 86,701 175,340 1,830 2,000 47,000 30,480 27,432 16,629 0 327,223 775,594 1,490,229 Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 41 0 1 2 3 2 0 0 1 4 54
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 273,470 0 2,000 1,797,000 9,144 6,096 0 0 0 0 2,087,710 San Diego (City) Number 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 41,736 58,124
San Diego County
Water Authority
Number 2 159 3 2 20 45 47 3 0 11 83 375
Exposure
(x$1,000) 167,681 1,051,980 5,490 4,000 7,564,000 137,160 143,256 49,888 0 1,131,670 4,277,866 14,532,991 San Marcos
Number 0 16 1 0 1 5 6 0 0 0 11 40
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 104,820 1,830 0 47,000 15,240 18,288 0 0 0 593,776 780,954 Santee
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 288
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 210
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Unincorporated
Number 3 211 0 7 35 43 42 1 0 13 40 395
Exposure
(x$1,000) 271,772 1,383,620 0 14,000 11,581,000 131,064 128,016 16,629 0 924,447 1,280,792 15,731,340 Vista
Number 0 8 1 0 1 8 3 0 0 0 15 36
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 52,410 1,830 0 47,000 24,384 9,144 0 0 0 692,122 826,890 Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,070 47,740
Total Number 6 488 6 11 63 114 122 6 0 28 191 1,035
Total Exposure
(x $1,000) 526,154 3,214,110 10,980 22,000 22,052,000 353,568 371,856 99,775 0 2,413,340 8,834,120 37,897,903 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 289
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 211
TABLE 48: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM 500- YEAR EARTHQUAKE
HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Carlsbad
Total
KMs 42 3 2 47
Exposure
(x$1,000) 277,290 1,768 2,702 281,760
Chula Vista
Total
KMs
0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Total
KMs
0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Total
KMs
113 15 0 128
Exposure
(x$1,000) 751,643 9,996 0 761,639
Imperial Beach
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Total
KMs
197 21 21 239
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,315,268 14,640 32,248 1,362,156
Port of San
Diego
Total
KMs
0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 0
Poway
Total
KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 290
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 212
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Total
KMs 308 25 0 333
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,053,961 16,929 0 2,070,890
San Diego
(City)
Total
KMs 8 0 0 8
Exposure
(x$1,000) 53,990 0 0 53,990
San Diego
County Water
Authority
Total
KMs 1,251 129 44 1,424
Exposure
(x1000) 8,342,432 88,164 65,329 8,495,925
San Marcos
Total
KMs 140 11 13 164
Exposure
(x$1,000) 933,731 16,937 8,600 959,268
Santee
Total
KMs
0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Total
KMs
0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated
Total
KMs 1,846 69 93 2,008
Exposure
(x$1,000) 12,306,924 46,921 139,012 12,492,857
Vista
Total
KMs
116 12 8 136
Exposure
(x$1,000) 772,613 8,252 12,359 793,224
Vista Irrigation
District
Total
KMs
7 1 1 9
Exposure
(x$1,000) 47,718 835 980 49,533
Total Number 4,028 286 182 4,496
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 26,855,570 204,442 265,723 27,321,242 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 291
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 213
TABLE 49: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE AND LOSSES FROM ROSE CANYON SCENARIO EARTHQUAKE
HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings at Risk Commercial Buildings at Risk Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fpd 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad 114,187 36,605 14,221,043 3,474 1,050,364
Chula Vista 210,011 46,508 18,068,358 4,483 1,355,435
Coronado 19,375 7,211 2,801,474 857 259,114
Del Mar 3,965 2,001 777,389 546 165,083
El Cajon 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas 59,322 19,547 7,594,010 3,192 965,101
Escondido 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach 27,161 5,698 2,213,673 421 127,289
La Mesa 25,203 5,473 2,126,261 604 182,619
Lemon Grove 26,480 6,522 2,533,797 594 179,596
National City 61,014 8,648 3,359,748 1,413 427,221
Oceanside 104,063 28,369 11,021,357 2,281 689,660
Otay Water
District 126,387 28,869 11,215,607 1,267 383,077
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
0 0 0 0 0
Port Of San
Diego 14,710 0 0 485 146,640
Poway 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
0 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa
Fe Fpd 19,844 4,259 1,654,622 329 99,473
San Diego 1,184,880 280,311 108,900,824 36,762 11,114,991 San Diego
County Water
Authority
1,926,720 454,167 176,443,880 55,724 16,848,151
San Marcos 378 117 45,455 5 1,512
San Miguel Fpd 29,048 5,303 2,060,216 416 125,778
Santee 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach 13,214 5,113 1,986,401 1,229 371,588
Sweetwater
Authority 113,119 33,847 13,149,560 5,152 1,557,707
Unincorporated 94,666 13,228 5,139,078 945 285,721
Vista 8,730 1,804 700,854 202 61,075
Vista Irrigation
District 0 0 0 0 0
Total 4,182,477 993,600 386,013,599 120,381 36,397,195
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 292
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 214
TABLE 50: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM ROSE CANYON SCENARIO
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP POT SCH TOTAL Alpine FPD
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Number 1 44 0 0 7 10 11 0 5 20 98
Exposure
(x$1,000) 182,097 289,680 0 0 1,985,000 30,480 33,528 0 684,447 1,139,748 4,344,980 Chula Vista
Number 0 54 4 0 8 12 16 2 1 56 153
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 356,380 7,320 0 2,032,000 36,576 48,768 33,259 30,000 6,077,768 8,622,071 Coronado
Number 0 1 0 1 3 3 5 1 0 4 18
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 4,000 141,000 9,144 15,240 16,629 0 225,996 418,679 Del Mar
Number 0 6 0 0 0 3 4 0 0 0 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 39,070 0 0 0 9,144 12,192 0 0 0 60,406
El Cajon
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Number 0 15 0 0 1 6 9 1 1 12 45
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 98,150 0 0 47,000 18,288 27,432 16,629 163,612 579,494 950,605 Escondido
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 5 12
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 6,096 15,240 0 0 289,784 311,120
La Mesa
Number 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 32,400 1,830 0 0 0 0 0 0 117,438 151,668
Lemon Grove
Number 0 12 0 0 1 3 5 0 0 5 26
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 79,090 0 0 47,000 9,144 15,240 0 0 208,236 358,710 National City
Number 0 65 0 0 6 5 7 1 0 15 99
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 426,900 0 0 282,000 15,240 21,336 16,629 0 919,450 1,681,555 Oceanside
Number 1 37 0 1 3 12 18 1 1 20 94
Exposure
(x$1,000) 86,701 243,940 0 4,000 969,000 36,576 54,864 16,629 163,612 3,317,050 4,892,372 Otay Water
District
Number 0 38 1 0 4 7 4 1 0 31 86
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 253,460 1,830 0 1,844,000 21,336 12,192 16,629 0 4,623,446 6,772,893 Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port of San
Diego
Number 3 3 0 0 3 7 4 0 0 0 20
Exposure
(x$1,000) 300,604 19,060 0 0 969,000 21,336 12,192 0 0 0 1,322,192 Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa
Fe FPD
Number 0 15 0 0 1 2 4 0 4 3 29
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 100,050 0 0 47,000 6,096 12,192 0 520,835 64,010 750,183 San Diego (City) Number 3 550 11 32 65 94 138 9 5 263 1,170 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 293
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 215
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP POT SCH TOTAL Exposure
(x$1,000) 745,778 3,637,150 20,130 128,000 13,819,000 286,512 420,624 149,663 684,447 28,292,272 48,183,576 San Diego
County Water
Authority
Number 4 859 16 33 96 154 220 14 17 410 1,823
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,014,575 5,676,330 29,280 132,000 21,072,000 469,392 670,560 232,809 2,246,952 41,331,960 72,875,858 San Marcos
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Miguel FPD
Number 0 36 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 6 46
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 240,120 0 0 0 6,096 3,048 0 30,000 284,752 564,016 Santee
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Number 0 4 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 4 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 26,680 0 0 0 3,048 12,192 0 0 113,146 155,066 Sweetwater
Authority
Number 0 119 3 0 13 14 23 2 2 48 224
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 783,280 5,490 0 2,267,000 42,672 70,104 33,259 60,000 2,654,158 5,915,963 Unincorporated
Number 0 79 0 0 4 7 8 0 5 11 114
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 526,930 0 0 1,844,000 21,336 24,384 0 550,835 414,252 3,381,737 Vista
Number 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 47,000 3,048 0 0 0 163,106 219,824 Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Number 9 1,923 35 67 212 335 477 32 42 909 4,041
Total Exposure
(x $1,000) 2,029,150 12,711,460 64,050 268,000 46,396,000 1,021,080 1,453,896 532,135 5,134,740 90,490,392 160,100,903 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 294
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 216
TABLE 51: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM ROSE CANYON SCENARIO
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Alpine FPD
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Total KMs 175 86 19 280
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,166,948 58,397 29,139 1,254,484
Chula Vista
Total KMs 313 43 16 372
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,088,358 29,225 23,583 2,141,166
Coronado
Total KMs 17 16 0 33
Exposure
(x$1,000) 115,663 10,875 0 126,538
Del Mar
Total KMs 3 8 6 17
Exposure
(x$1,000) 20,658 5,734 8,561 34,953
El Cajon
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Total KMs 84 43 12 139
Exposure
(x$1,000) 560,387 29,238 18,293 607,918
Escondido
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 3 4 0 7
Exposure
(x$1,000) 16,720 2,743 0 19,463
La Mesa
Total KMs 57 3 4 64
Exposure
(x$1,000) 379,149 1,806 6,699 387,654
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 41 6 9 56
Exposure
(x$1,000) 270,926 3,781 12,751 287,458
National City
Total KMs 105 12 28 145
Exposure
(x$1,000) 703,183 8,240 42,451 753,874
Oceanside
Total KMs 183 39 22 244
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,221,266 26,798 32,077 1,280,141
Total KMs 139 22 0 161
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 295
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 217
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Otay Water
District
Exposure
(x1000) 930,061 15,258 0 945,319
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 45
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 139,152
Port of San
Diego
Total KMs 15 9 21 45
Exposure
(x1000) 101,430 6,267 31,455 139,152
Poway
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 0
Rancho Santa
Fe FPD
Total KMs 3 5 0 8
Exposure
(x$1,000) 19,405 3,355 0 22,760
San Diego
(City)
Total KMs 1,145 303 213 1,661
Exposure
(x$1,000) 7,633,100 207,096 319,623 8,159,819
San Diego
County Water
Authority
Total KMs 1,233 580 257 2,070
Exposure
(x1000) 8,222,970 396,449 386,060 9,005,479
San Marcos
Total KMs 3 0 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 17,139 0 0 17,139
San Miguel FPD
Total KMs 49 9 0 58
Exposure
(x$1,000) 327,067 6,148 0 333,215
Santee
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Total KMs 22 14 5 41
Exposure
(x$1,000) 149,284 9,776 6,752 165,812
Sweetwater
Authority
Total KMs 80 5 38 123
Exposure
(x$1,000) 531,071 3,375 57,035 591,481
Unincorporated
Total KMs 153 22 1 176
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,019,835 15,237 130 1,035,202
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 296
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 218
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Vista
Total KMs 22 1 0 23
Exposure
(x$1,000) 143,694 908 0 144,602
Vista Irrigation
District
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Total Number 3,845 1,230 651 5,726
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 25,638,314 840,706 974,609 27,453,629 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 297
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 219
5.3.8. FLOOD
Digitized 100-year and 500-year flood maps with base flood elevation (BFE) from the FEMA FIRM program for most of the areas were used for this project. Census blocks with non-zero population and non-zero dollar exposure that intersect with these polygons were used in the analysis. For the areas that did not include BFE information, a base flood elevation was estimated for the final purpose of computing the flood depth at different locations of the region as follows:
• Transect lines across the flood polygon (perpendicular to the flow direction) were created using an approximation method for Zone A flood polygons. Zone A is the FEMA FIRM Zone that is defined as the 100-year base flood.
• A point file was extracted from the line (Begin node, End node and center point). The Zonal operation in the GIS tool Spatial Analyst (with the point file and a digital elevation model [DEM]) was used to estimate the ground elevation in the intersection of the line with the flood polygon borders. The average value of the End and Begin point of the line was calculated. This value was assumed as the base flood elevation for each transect.
A surface model (triangulated irregular network, or TIN) was derived from the original transect with the derived BFE value and the flood polygon. This TIN file approximated a continuous and variable flood elevation along the flood polygon. A grid file was then derived from the TIN file with the same extent and pixel resolution of the DEM (30-meter resolution). The difference of the flood elevation grid file and the DEM was calculated to produce an approximate flood depth for the whole study area. HAZUS-MH based damage functions, in a raster format, were created for each of the occupancies present in the census blocks.
A customized Visual Basic (VBA) script was written to assign the ratio of damage expected (function of computed flood depth) for each type of occupancy based on the HAZUS-MH damage functions. HAZUS-MH exposure values ($) in raster format were created using Spatial Analyst. Since not all areas in the census blocks are completely within the flood area, the exposure at risk was weighted and estimated accordingly based on the number of pixels in flood area. Losses were then estimated through multiplication of damage ratio with the exposure at risk for each block. Losses were then approximated based on 100- and 500-year losses (high and low hazards).
The first table below provides a breakdown of potential exposure and losses by jurisdiction for 100-year flood, and the second table provides a breakdown of infrastructure and critical facility losses for 100-year flood by jurisdiction. The third table provides a breakdown of potential exposure and losses by jurisdiction from 500-year flood, and the fourth table provides a breakdown of potential infrastructure and critical facility losses by jurisdiction. The loss tables also provide a breakdown of loss ratios for commercial and residential properties by jurisdiction.
These loss ratios are determined by dividing the loss values by the exposure values for each jurisdiction, and give a perspective of the potential losses for each jurisdiction for this hazard. For example, a loss ratio value of 0.4 in El Cajon would mean that 40% of the exposed buildings in El Cajon would be lost due to a 100- or 500-year flood.
Approximately 270,263 people may be at risk from the 100-year flood hazard.
Approximately 585,882 people are at risk from the 500-year flood hazard.
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 298
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 220
TABLE 52: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE AND LOSSES FROM 100-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD BY
JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings at
Risk
Commercial Buildings at
Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fire Protection
District 268 23 $8,938 1 $302
Carlsbad 2,497 619 $240,543 15 $4,535
Chula Vista 1,741 633 $245,984 169 $51,097
Coronado 4,022 0 $0 2 $605
Del Mar 1,123 384 $149,222 29 $8,768
El Cajon 5,427 80 $31,088 30 $9,071
Encinitas 661 32 $12,435 6 $1,814
Escondido 7,380 1,625 $631,475 209 $63,191
Imperial Beach 2,702 55 $21,373 1 $302
La Mesa 73 1 $389 3 $907
Lemon Grove 0 3 $1,166 4 $1,209
National City 10,693 149 $57,901 139 $42,027
Oceanside 13,323 4,540 $1,764,244 448 $135,453
Otay Water District 2,623 51 $19,819 16 $4,838
Padre Dam Municipal
Water District 5,330 613 $238,212 75 $22,676
Port of San Diego 17,614 0 $0 2 $605
Poway 656 343 $133,290 64 $19,350
Rainbow Municipal Water
District 1,124 105 $40,803 25 $7,559
Rancho Santa Fe Fire
Protection District 1,252 23 $8,938 7 $2,116
San Diego (City) 35,523 4,976 $1,933,674 733 $221,623
San Diego County Water
Authority 101,369 16,590 $6,446,874 2,397 $724,733
San Marcos 4,150 279 $108,419 106 $32,049
San Miguel Fire Protection
District 3,575 524 $203,626 59 $17,839
Santee 1,279 40 $15,544 13 $3,931
Solana Beach 656 313 $121,632 11 $3,326
Sweetwater Authority 13,338 1,195 $464,377 486 $146,942 Unincorporated: 17,979 4,151 $1,613,079 530 $160,246
Vista 889 455 $176,813 38 $11,489
Vista Irrigation District 481 35 $13,601 7 $2,116
Total 257,748 37,837 14,703,459 5,625 1,700,719
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 299
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 221
TABLE 53: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM 100-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD BY
JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Alpine Fire Protection
District
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad
Number 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 123,880 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 123,880
Chula Vista
Number 0 14 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 16
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 91,480 0 0 922,000 3,048 3,048 0 0 0 0 1,019,576 Coronado
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670
Del Mar
Number 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 19,060 0 0 0 6,096 0 0 0 0 0 25,156
El Cajon
Number 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 20,010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230,806 250,816
Encinitas
Number 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 32,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,400
Escondido
Number 0 8 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 3 14
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 53,360 0 0 0 3,048 6,096 0 0 0 200,836 263,340 Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 64,800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,800
Oceanside
Number 1 21 0 0 0 3 4 0 0 0 2 31
Exposure
(x$1,000) 86,701 134,370 0 0 0 9,144 12,192 0 0 0 88,356 330,763 Otay Water District
Number 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 100,050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,050
Padre Dam Municipal
Water District
Number 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31
Exposure
(x$1,000) 206,770 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 206,770
Port of San Diego
Number 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 719,793 0 0 726,463
Poway
Number 0 12 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 80,040 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 0 83,088
Rainbow Municipal
Water District
Number 0 17 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 19
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 113,390 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 14,430 130,868
Rancho Santa Fe
FPD
Number 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 9
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 53,360 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,612 0 216,972
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 300
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 222
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL San Diego (City)
Number 0 138 0 3 2 2 2 0 1 0 1 149
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 903,360 0 6,000 94,000 6,096 6,096 0 719,793 0 43,068 1,778,413 San Diego County
Water Authority
Number 1 360 0 6 4 11 11 0 1 1 11 406
Exposure
(x$1,000) 86,701 2,364,150 0 12,000 1,016,000 33,528 33,528 0 719,793 163,612 364,476 4,793,788 San Marcos
Number 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 63,850 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63,850
San Miguel FPD
Number 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 166,750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 166,750
Santee
Number 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 80,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,040
Solana Beach
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670
Sweetwater Authority
Number 0 24 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 30
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 156,280 0 0 922,000 3,048 6,096 0 0 0 22,126 1,109,550 Unincorporated
Number 1 124 0 7 4 4 4 0 0 2 6 152
Exposure
(x$1,000) 80,980 824,230 0 14,000 1,844,000 12,192 12,192 0 0 193,612 99,012 3,080,218 Vista
Number 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 19,060 0 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 22,108
Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 5,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,720
Total Number 35 834 0 16 14 27 27 0 3 4 27 985
Total Exposure (x
$1,000) 467,822 5,482,980 0 32,000 4,798,000 82,296 82,296 0 2,159,379 520,836 1,063,110 14,688,719 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 301
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 223
TABLE 54: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM 100-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD BY
JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Carlsbad
Total KMs 13 7 1 21
Exposure
(x$1,000) 83,715 4,631 342 88,688
Chula Vista
Total KMs 32 3 1 36
Exposure
(x$1,000) 210,783 2,373 194 213,350
Coronado
Total KMs 2 3 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 11,014 1,984 0 12,998
Del Mar
Total KMs 6 3 2 11
Exposure
(x$1,000) 37,125 1,804 2,515 41,444
El Cajon
Total KMs 3 1 1 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 17,924 84 98 18,106
Encinitas
Total KMs 5 4 1 10
Exposure
(x$1,000) 32,741 2,541 119 35,401
Escondido
Total KMs 26 2 0 28
Exposure
(x$1,000) 172,723 1,651 0 174,374
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 0 1 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 543 0 543
La Mesa
Total KMs 1 1 1 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 3,158 225 180 3,563
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 14 1 1 16
Exposure
(x$1,000) 95,654 233 384 96,271
Oceanside
Total KMs 54 10 10 74
Exposure
(x$1,000) 362,336 6,755 14,077 383,168
Otay Water District
Total KMs 26 3 0 29
Exposure
(x1000) 170,295 2,057 0 172,352
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 302
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 224
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Padre Dam Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 7 2 1 10
Exposure
(x1000) 48,638 1,591 98 50,327
Port of San Diego
Total KMs 5 2 6 13
Exposure
(x1000) 31,645 1,210 8,353 41,208
Poway
Total KMs 2 1 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 11,352 114 0 11,466
Rainbow Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 22 1 0 23
Exposure
(x$1,000) 147,114 844 0 147,958
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 141 22 38 201
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,141,289 15,261 57,503 1,214,053
San Diego County Water
Authority
Total KMs 426 63 53 542
Exposure
(x1000) 2,842,718 43,267 79,247 2,965,232
San Marcos
Total KMs 19 2 2 23
Exposure
(x$1,000) 128,671 1,238 2,565 132,474
San Miguel FPD
Total KMs 2 1 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 14,886 704 0 15,590
Santee
Total KMs 5 2 0 7
Exposure
(x$1,000) 35,785 1,394 0 37,179
Solana Beach
Total KMs 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0
Sweetwater Authority
Total KMs 47 3 1 51
Exposure
(x$1,000) 310,550 2,059 577 313,186
Unincorporated
Total KMs 104 8 1 113
Exposure
(x$1,000) 694,666 5,505 1,032 701,203
Vista
Total KMs 9 1 1 11
Exposure
(x$1,000) 57,799 369 928 59,096
Vista Irrigation District
Total KMs 2 0 1 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 13,618 0 37 13,655
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 303
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 225
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Total Number 973 147 122 1,242
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 6,676,199 98,437 168,249 6,942,885 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 304
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 226
TABLE 55: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE AND LOSSES FROM 500-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD BY
JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings at
Risk
Commercial Buildings at
Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fpd 268 23 8,938 1 302
Carlsbad 2,497 619 240,543 15 4,535
Chula Vista 14,651 3,628 1,409,841 556 168,107
Coronado 4,022 0 0 2 605
Del Mar 1,228 475 184,585 36 10,885
El Cajon 20,560 6,231 2,421,367 867 262,137
Encinitas 681 44 17,098 10 3,024
Escondido 31,005 10,048 3,904,653 545 164,781
Imperial Beach 2,702 55 21,373 3 907
La Mesa 105 1 389 3 907
Lemon Grove 0 3 1,166 4 1,209
National City 12,868 909 353,237 200 60,470
Oceanside 33,750 12,611 4,900,635 659 199,249
Otay Water District 4,976 632 245,595 116 35,073
Padre Dam Municipal
Water District 7,573 1,447 562,304 298 90,100
Port Of San Diego 17,736 0 0 18 5,442
Poway 3,107 1,090 423,574 134 40,515
Rainbow Municipal
Water District 3,137 773 300,388 45 13,606
Rancho Santa Fe
Fpd 1,262 36 13,990 7 2,116
San Diego 68,368 14,269 5,544,933 1,706 515,809
San Diego County
Water Authority 221,421 56,606 21,997,092 5,880 1,777,818 San Marcos 4,230 503 195,466 178 53,818
San Miguel Fpd 5,417 700 272,020 86 26,002
Santee 2,846 751 291,839 217 65,610
Solana Beach 1,022 509 197,797 57 17,234
Sweetwater Authority 30,746 4,378 1,701,291 857 259,114 Unincorporated 26,802 5,967 2,318,776 618 186,852
Vista 3,135 1,096 425,906 230 69,541
Vista Irrigation
District 818 48 18,653 14 4,233
Total 526,933 123,452 47,973,449 13,362 4,040,001
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 305
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 227
TABLE 56: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM 500-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD BY
JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Carlsbad
Number 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 123,880 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 123,880
Chula Vista
Number 0 19 1 0 4 2 1 0 0 0 1 28
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 124,830 1,830 0 1,844,000 6,096 3,048 0 0 0 119,880 2,099,684 Coronado
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670
Del Mar
Number 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 19,060 0 0 0 6,096 0 0 0 0 0 25,156
El Cajon
Number 0 25 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 5 35
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 166,750 1,830 0 0 6,096 6,096 0 0 0 368,594 549,366 Encinitas
Number 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 32,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,400
Escondido
Number 0 34 0 0 3 3 9 0 0 1 8 58
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 224,880 0 0 969,000 9,144 27,432 0 0 163,612 420,246 1,814,314 Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 12 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 14
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 78,140 0 0 0 0 6,096 0 0 0 0 84,236
Oceanside
Number 1 23 0 1 0 6 6 0 0 0 5 42
Exposure
(x$1,000) 20,137 147,710 0 2,000 0 18,288 18,288 0 0 0 199,578 406,001 Otay Water
District
Number 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 17
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 106,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,612 0 270,332
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 43 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 45
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 286,810 0 0 0 3,048 3,048 0 0 0 0 292,906
Port of San Diego
Number 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 922,000 3,048 0 0 719,793 0 0 1,651,511 Poway
Number 0 18 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 19
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 120,060 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 0 123,108
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 19 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 21
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 126,730 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 14,430 144,208
Rancho Santa Fe
FPD
Number 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 9
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 53,360 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,612 0 216,972
San Diego (City)
Number 0 184 1 3 4 4 8 0 1 1 3 209
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 1,208,280 5,490 6,000 1,016,000 12,192 24,384 0 719,793 163,612 138,602 3,294,353 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 306
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 228
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL San Diego County
Water Authority
Number 1 486 6 7 11 24 34 0 1 4 29 603
Exposure
(x$1,000) 20,137 3,200,770 10,980 14,000 3,829,000 73,152 103,632 0 719,793 654,447 1,395,270 10,021,181 San Marcos
Number 0 13 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 17
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 83,860 1,830 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 13,912 102,650 San Miguel FPD
Number 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 26
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 166,750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,612 0 330,362
Santee
Number 0 17 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 18
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 113,390 0 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 116,438
Solana Beach Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670
Sweetwater
Authority
Number 0 30 1 0 4 2 4 0 0 0 2 43
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 196,300 1,830 0 1,844,000 6,096 12,192 0 0 0 142,006 2,202,424 Unincorporated Number 1 133 0 7 4 4 5 0 0 3 7 164
Exposure
(x$1,000) 14,416 884,260 0 14,000 1,844,000 12,192 15,240 0 0 357,223 114,626 3,255,957 Vista Number 0 5 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 2 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 32,400 0 0 0 9,144 9,144 0 0 0 63,048 113,736 Vista Irrigation
District
Number 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 25,730 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,730
Total Number 3 1,144 11 18 32 56 77 0 3 12 65 1,421
Total Exposure
(x $1,000) 54,690 7,543,080 23,790 36,000 12,268,000 170,688 234,696 0 2,159,379 1,829,730 2,990,192 27,310,245 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 307
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 229
TABLE 57: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM 500-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD BY
JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Carlsbad
Total KMs 13 7 1 21
Exposure
(x$1,000) 83,915 4,681 342 88,938
Chula Vista
Total KMs 68 8 5 81
Exposure
(x$1,000) 454,289 5,173 7,439 466,901
Coronado
Total KMs 2 3 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 11,014 1,984 0 12,998
Del Mar
Total KMs 6 3 2 11
Exposure
(x$1,000) 38,837 1,972 2,965 43,774
El Cajon
Total KMs 49 3 4 56
Exposure
(x$1,000) 326,126 2,043 5,268 333,437
Encinitas
Total KMs 5 4 0 9
Exposure
(x$1,000) 32,741 2,620 0 35,361
Escondido
Total KMs 65 6 1 72
Exposure
(x$1,000) 431,452 4,162 752 436,366
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 1 1 0 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,097 543 0 1,640
La Mesa
Total KMs 1 1 1 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 3,158 281 180 3,619
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 28 1 1 30
Exposure
(x$1,000) 188,912 405 414 189,731
Oceanside
Total KMs 94 12 11 117
Exposure
(x$1,000) 624,041 8,133 16,729 648,903
Otay Water District
Total KMs 38 4 0 42
Exposure
(x1000) 256,525 2,418 0 258,943
Padre Dam Municipal
Water District
Total KMs 28 4 3 35
Exposure
(x1000) 184,247 2,915 5,218 192,380
Port of San Diego
Total KMs 9 2 9 20
Exposure
(x1000) 28,995 1,211 13,073 43,279
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 308
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 230
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Poway
Total KMs 4 1 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 23,390 198 0 23,588
Rainbow Municipal
Water District
Total KMs 32 1 0 33
Exposure
(x$1,000) 212,499 844 0 213,343
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 367 3 67 437
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,448,289 22,199 100,606 2,571,094
San Diego County
Water Authority
Total KMs 859 89 94 1,042
Exposure
(x1000) 5,730,566 61,124 140,601 5,932,291
San Marcos
Total KMs 26 2 2 30
Exposure
(x$1,000) 172,749 1,393 3,617 177,759
San Miguel FPD
Total KMs 4 1 0 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 24,494 759 0 25,253
Santee
Total KMs 25 4 1 30
Exposure
(x$1,000) 166,448 2,574 303 169,325
Solana Beach
Total KMs 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0
Sweetwater Authority
Total KMs 86 7 5 98
Exposure
(x$1,000) 574,882 4,765 7,853 587,500
Unincorporated
Total KMs 124 9 1 134
Exposure
(x$1,000) 823,809 5,942 1,070 830,821
Vista
Total KMs 25 1 1 27
Exposure
(x$1,000) 167,522 560 1,486 169,568
Vista Irrigation District
Total KMs 3 0 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 20,253 0 0 20,253
Total Number 1,962 177 209 2,348
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 13,030,250 138,899 307,916 13,477,065 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 309
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 231
5.3.9. RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE
Steep slope and soils data from SANDAG, as well as data from the State of California, U.S. Geological Survey and HAZUS for all of San Diego County were combined and modeled to determine areas susceptible to rain-induced landslides. Soils that are prone to movement were determined from the database, and combined with areas that have greater than 25% slope, which are prone to sliding. The combination of these two factors gives a general idea of landslide susceptibility.
Localized hard copy maps developed by TAN were also reviewed. The TAN landslide susceptibility modeling takes into account more information, such as past landslides, landslide-prone formations, and steep slope.
The identified vulnerable assets were superimposed on top of this information, resulting in three risk/exposure estimates:
1. The aggregated exposure and building count (both dollar exposure and population) at the census block level for residential and commercial occupancies
2. The aggregated population at risk at the census block level
3. The critical infrastructure at risk (schools, hospitals, airports, bridges, and other facilities of critical nature).
These results were then aggregated and presented by hazard risk level per jurisdiction.
The first table below provides a breakdown of potential exposure for high-risk rain-induced landslide hazard by jurisdiction, and the second table below provides a breakdown of infrastructure and critical facility exposure for high risk. The third table provides a breakdown of potential exposure for moderate risk raininduced landslide by jurisdiction, and the fourth table below provides a breakdown of potential infrastructure and critical facility exposure for moderate risk.
Approximately 181,501 people may be at risk from a rain-induced landslide hazard:
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 310
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 232
TABLE 58: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE FROM RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE HAZARD (HIGH RISK) BY
JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings at
Risk Commercial Buildings at Risk
Jurisdiction
Exposed
Populatio
n
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fpd 292 2 777 0 0
Carlsbad 2,163 24 9,324 1 302,350
Chula Vista 865 0 0 0 0
Coronado 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon 1,337 11 4,273 0 0
Encinitas 158 4 1,554 0 0
Escondido 4,372 76 29,526 3 907,050
Imperial Beach 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside 0 0 0 0 0
Otay Water District 5,522 32 12,432 0 0
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
846 30 11,655 0 0
Port Of San Diego 0 0 0 0 0
Poway 574 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal
Water District 1,968 84 32,634 8 2,418,800
Rancho Santa Fe
Fpd 10,853 3,285 1,276,223 226 68,331,100
San Diego 1,222 9 3,497 0 0
San Diego County
Water Authority 68,465 5,076 1,972,026 270 81,634,500
San Marcos 8,693 943 366,356 12 3,628,200
San Miguel Fpd 1,773 48 18,648 0 0
Santee 8 11 4,274 1 302,350
Solana Beach 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority 2,592 89 34,577 2 604,700
Unincorporated 51,594 4,300 1,670,550 259 78,308,650
Vista 2,782 21 8,159 1 302,350
Vista Irrigation
District 1,733 68 26,418 2 604,700
Total 167,812 14,113 5,482,903 785 237,344,750
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 311
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 233
TABLE 59: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE
HAZARD (HIGH RISK) BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP INFR PORT POT RAIL SCH TOTAL Carlsbad
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial
Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon
Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Otay Water
District
Number 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 47,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,000
Padre Dam
Municipal
Water
District
Number 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 2,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,000
Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rancho
Santa Fe
FPD
Number 0 2 0 0 2 1 4 0 0 0 1 0 4 14
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 0 94,000 3,048 12,192 0 0 0 163,612 0 218,078 504,270 San Diego
County
Water
Authority
Number 0 2 0 4 3 2 4 0 0 0 1 0 4 20
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 8,000 141,000 6,096 12,192 0 0 0 163,612 0 218,078 562,318 San Marcos
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 312
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 234
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP INFR PORT POT RAIL SCH TOTAL Santee
Number 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 2,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,000
Solana
Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Unincorporat
ed
Number 0 2 0 3 3 1 4 0 0 0 1 0 4 18
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 6,000 141,000 3,048 12,192 0 0 0 163,612 0 218,078 557,270 Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Number 0 6 0 9 9 4 12 0 0 0 3 0 12 55
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 0 40,020 0 18,000 423,000 2,192 36,576 0 0 0 490,836 0 654,234 1,674,858 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 313
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 235
TABLE 60: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE
HAZARD (HIGH RISK) BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Carlsbad
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Total KMs 0 1 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 246 0 246
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Otay Water District
Total KMs 3 1 0 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 17,437 635 0 18,072
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 314
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 236
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Oceanside
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Padre Dam Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 1 1
Exposure (x1000) 726 726
Port of San Diego
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure (x1000) 0 0 0 0
Poway
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 2 1 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 14,962 887 0 15,849
Rancho Santa Fe FPD
Total KMs 15 1 0 16
Exposure
(x$1,000) 98,127 742 0 98,869
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,823 0 0 2,823
San Diego County Water
Authority
Total KMs 37 6 0 43
Exposure (x1000) 248,125 4,231 0 252,356
San Marcos
Total KMs 8 0 0 8
Exposure
(x$1,000) 55,696 0 0 55,696
San Miguel FPD
Total KMs 0 1 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 600 0 600
Santee
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater Authority
Total KMs 0 1 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 139 0 139
Unincorporated
Total KMs 47 6 2 55
Exposure
(x$1,000) 311,472 3,962 2,442 317,876
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 315
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 237
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Vista
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation District
Total KMs 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,020 0 0 2,020
Total Number 114 19 2 135
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 750,662 12,168 2,442 765,272
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 316
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 238
TABLE 61: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE HAZARD (MODERATE RISK) BY
JURISDICTION
Residential Buildings at Risk Commercial Buildings at
Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine Fpd 0 0 0 0 0
Carlsbad 0 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon 177 57 22,145 2 605
Encinitas 60 4 1,554 0 0
Escondido 558 494 191,919 26 7,861
Imperial Beach 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa 0 2 777 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 0 64 24,864 1 302
Oceanside 0 0 0 0 0
Otay Water
District 9,569 20,175 7,837,988 1,071 323,817
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
3,972 6,051 2,350,814 427 129,103
Port Of San
Diego 0 0 0 0 0
Poway 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
2,837 1,351 524,864 57 17,234
Rancho Santa
Fe Fpd 16,246 11,707 4,548,170 684 206,807
San Diego 560 4 1,554 0 0
San Diego
County Water
Authority
115,920 103,190 40,089,315 6,267 1,894,827
San Marcos 258 150 58,275 5 1,512
San Miguel Fpd 23,999 41,324 16,054,374 2,186 660,937
Santee 0 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority 4,265 5,316 2,065,266 301 91,007
Unincorporated 115,732 102,862 39,961,887 6,279 1,898,456 Vista 0 66 25,641 2 605
Vista Irrigation
District 4,182 5,802 2,254,077 454 137,267
Total 298,335 298,619 116,013,484 17,762 5,307,340
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 317
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 239
TABLE 62: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE
HAZARD (MODERATE RISK) BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Carlsbad
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coronado
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Encinitas
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Otay Water District
Number 0 41 0 15 9 9 9 0 0 2 19 104
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 273,470 0 30,000 2,907,000 27,432 27,432 0 0 193,612 3,621,338 7,080,284 Padre Dam Municipal
Water District
Number 0 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 36
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 226,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 114,552 341,332
Poway
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Municipal
Water District
Number 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 6
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 20,010 0 0 875,000 3,048 0 0 0 30,000 0 928,058
Rancho Santa Fe FPD
Number 0 26 0 0 5 4 5 0 0 7 6 53
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 173,420 0 0 1,063,000 12,192 15,240 0 0 878,059 370,874 2,512,785 San Diego (City)
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Diego County
Water Authority
Number 0 245 0 21 28 31 28 0 0 14 56 423
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 1,629,400 0 42,000 8,768,000 94,488 85,344 0 0 1,355,282 5,323,190 17,297,704 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 318
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 240
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL San Marcos
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670
Santee
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Miguel FPD
Number 0 97 0 0 4 9 9 0 0 3 29 151
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 646,990 0 0 188,000 27,432 27,432 0 0 223,612 4,117,656 5,231,122 Solana Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater Authority
Number 0 32 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 1 3 41
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 213,440 0 0 47,000 3,048 9,144 0 0 30,000 98,494 401,126 Unincorporated
Number 0 250 0 21 30 31 28 0 0 15 56 431
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 1,662,750 0 42,000 9,690,000 94,488 85,344 0 0 1,385,282 5,323,190 18,283,054 Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vista Irrigation District
Number 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 25,730 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,464 117,194
Total Number 0 733 0 57 78 86 82 0 0 43 173 1,252
Total Exposure (x
$1,000)
0 4,878,660 0 114,000 23,538,000 262,128 249,936 0 0 4,095,847 19,060,758 52,199,329 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 319
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 241
TABLE 63: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE
HAZARD (MODERATE RISK) BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Carlsbad
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Chula Vista
Total KMs 1 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,941 0 0 2,941
Coronado
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Total KMs 2 1 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 11,578 95 0 11,673
Encinitas
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 23 0 0 23
Exposure
(x$1,000) 155,397 0 0 155,397
Oceanside
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Otay Water
District
Total KMs 166 41 0 207
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,309,054 28,206 0 1,337,260
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 320
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 242
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 26 3 0 29
Exposure
(x1000) 171,195 2,376 0 173,571
Port of San
Diego
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 0
Poway
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 52 2 0 54
Exposure
(x$1,000) 346,138 1,174 0 347,312
Rancho Santa Fe
FPD
Total KMs 43 5 0 48
Exposure
(x1000) 288,347 3,352 0 291,699
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 6 0 2 8
Exposure
(x$1,000) 40,763 0 2,312 43,075
San Diego County
Water Authority
Total KMs 1,033 179 58 1,270
Exposure
(x1000) 6,888,284 122,442 87,479 7,098,205
San Marcos
Total KMs 2 1 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 13,026 306 0 13,332
San Miguel FPD
Total KMs 215 49 0 264
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,430,630 33,517 0 1,464,147
Santee
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Solana Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Sweetwater
Authority
Total KMs 94 7 0 101
Exposure
(x$1,000) 629,031 4,909 0 633,940
Unincorporated
Total KMs 1,113 180 58 1,351
Exposure
(x$1,000) 7,424,405 122,740 87,336 7,634,481
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 321
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 243
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Vista
Total KMs 1 0 1 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 5,205 0 272 5,477
Vista Irrigation
District
Total KMs 40 2 3 45
Exposure
(x$1,000) 268,108 1,566 4,609 274,283
Total Number 2,817 470 122 3,409
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 18,984,102 320,683 182,008 19,486,793 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 322
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 244
5.3.10. WILDFIRE/STRUCTURE FIRE
CDF-FRAP (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection's Fire and Resource Assessment Program) modeled wildland fire threat for the state of California in 2002. This model was used in GIS to profile the fire hazard throughout the County and is described in detail below in the Vulnerability Assessment portion of this document. This data was updated as requested by the Encinitas jurisdiction and is reflected in the hazard modeling process and subsequent mapping.
It should be noted that the hazard level depicted within current data boundaries will change after the CDF re-evaluates burned areas. After this re-evaluation is complete, it is expected that the CDF-FRAP will remodel the fire risk and provide updated risk maps. These updated maps should be included in future revisions of this plan. In the model, fire threat is a combination of factors including:
1. Historical fire regime and fire regime condition class
2. Existing vegetation
3. Topography.
These factors were combined to create five fire regime classes ranging from little or no threat to extreme.
The regime classes are:
Fire Regime I - 0-35 year frequency and low to mixed severity Fire Regime II - 0-35 year frequency and high severity
Fire regime III - 35-100+ year frequency and mixed severity Fire Regime IV - 35-100 + year frequency and high severity Fire Regime V - 200+ year frequency and high severity
Wildfire loss estimates were determined using the CDF-FRAP Wildfire Hazard Severity Zones data. CDFFRAP modeled wildland fire threat for the state of California in 2008. This model was used in GIS to profile the fire hazard throughout the County, then used in overlays to determine the loss estimates. In the model, fire threat is a combination of two factors: 1) fire rotation, or the likelihood of a given area burning, and 2) potential fire behavior (fuel rank). These two factors were combined to create five threat classes ranging from little or no threat to very high. The fuel ranking methodology assigned ranks based on expected fire behavior for unique combinations of topography and vegetative fuels under a given severe weather condition (wind speed, humidity, temperature, and fuel moisture).
The procedure made an initial assessment of rank based on as assigned fuel model and slope, then potentially increases ranks based on the amount of ladder and/or crown fuel present to arrive at a final fuel rank. Fire rotation class intervals were calculated from fifty years of fire history on land areas grouped into “strata” based on fire environment conditions. These strata are defined by climate, vegetation, and land ownership. The fire rotation interval is the number of years it would take for past fires to burn an area equivalent to the area of a given stratum. Fire rotation interval for a given stratum is calculated by dividing the annual number of acres burned into the total area of the stratum. Finally, fire rotation values were grouped into classes. The larger fire rotation values correspond to less frequent burning. CDF calculated a numerical index of fire threat based on the combination of fuel rank and fire rotation.
A 1-3 ranking of fuel rank was summed with the 1-3 ranking from rotation class to develop a threat index ranging from 2 to 6. This threat index was then grouped into four threat classes. Areas that do not support wildland fuels (e.g., open water, agriculture lands, etc.) were omitted from the calculation, however areas of very large urban centers (i.e., concrete jungles) were left in but received a moderate threat value. This data was updated as requested by the City of Encinitas to more accurately reflect their fire risks, and is reflected in the hazard modeling process and subsequent mapping.
The identified vulnerable assets were superimposed on top of this information, resulting in four risk/exposure estimates: 1) the aggregated exposure and building count at the parcel level for residential Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 323
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 245
and commercial occupancies, 2) the aggregated population at risk at the census block level, 3) the critical facilities at risk (schools, hospitals, airports, bridges, and other facilities of a critical nature), and 4) the critical infrastructure (major roadways, railways, and oil/gas pipelines) at risk. These results were then aggregated and presented by hazard risk level per jurisdiction.
Wildfire can create a multi-hazard effect, where areas that are burned by wildfire suddenly have greater flooding risks because the vegetation that prevented erosion is now gone. Watershed from streams and rivers will change and floodplain mapping may need to be updated. Also, air quality issues during a largescale fire would cause further economic losses than only the structural losses described below. Road closures and business closures due to large-scale fires would also increase the economic losses shown below.
The tables below provide a breakdown of potential greatest exposures to the San Diego region:
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 324
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 246
TABLE 64: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE FROM VERY HIGH WILDFIRE HAZARD BY JURISDICTION Residential Buildings at Risk Commercial Buildings at
Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine FPD 14,696 4,961 1,927,845 84 25,397
Carlsbad 19,479 5,075 1,972,145 561 169,618
Chula Vista 15,354 2,583 1,003,754 64 19,350
Coronado 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar 3,555 340 132,124 249 75,285
El Cajon 13,057 1,523 591,838 7 2,116
Encinitas 11,633 3,801 1,476,689 89 26,909
Escondido 33,762 4,639 1,802,715 148 44,748
Imperial Beach 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa 106 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside 14,768 1,823 708,418 128 38,701
Otay Water District 25,962 6,989 2,715,925 383 115,800
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
68,029 14,780 5,743,508 802 242,485
Port Of San Diego 0 0 0 0 0
Poway 25,892 5,326 2,069,684 569 172,037
Rainbow Municipal
Water District 11,651 4,168 1,619,685 60 18,141
Rancho Santa Fe
Fpd 27,114 3,586 1,393,520 173 52,307
San Diego 341,251 123,699 48,069,431 3,517 1,063,365
San Diego County
Water Authority 791,081 203,245 78,981,007 8,821 2,667,029 San Marcos 41,364 7,043 2,736,910 355 107,334
San Miguel Fpd 21,741 4,418 1,716,835 157 47,469
Santee 17,792 4,673 1,815,928 115 34,770
Solana Beach 2,538 579 224,999 25 7,559
Sweetwater
Authority 734 0 0 78 23,583
Unincorporated 322,758 52,594 20,438,028 3,708 1,121,114 Vista 21,628 1,680 652,848 279 84,356
Vista Irrigation
District 20,066 1,497 581,734 54 16,327
Total 1,866,011 459,022 178,375,570 20,426 6,175,800
Wildfire dataset provided by City of Encinitas for Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 325
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 247
TABLE 65: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM VERY HIGH WILDFIRE HAZARD
BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Alpine PFD
Number 0 34 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 4 42
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 226,780 0 0 47,000 0 9,144 0 0 0 114,922 397,846 Carlsbad
Number 0 7 0 0 1 4 2 0 0 1 2 17
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 46,690 0 0 47,000 12,192 6,096 0 0 163,612 108,188 383,778 Chula Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 47,000 3,048 0 0 0 0 0 50,048
Coronado
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Number 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 6 9
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 6,997,070 7,013,458 Encinitas
Number 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 22,880 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,612 51,948 78,628
Escondido
Number 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 73,370 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,000 42,106 145,476
Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Number 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 5
Exposure
(x$1,000) 86,701 6,670 0 0 0 3,048 3,048 0 0 0 37,518 136,985 Otay Water
District
Number 0 16 0 15 11 4 6 0 0 2 8 62
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 106,720 0 30,000 3,001,000 12,192 18,288 0 0 193,612 474,192 3,836,004 Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 47 0 0 1 4 4 0 0 1 16 73
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 313,490 0 0 47,000 12,192 12,192 0 0 163,612 7,396,966 7,945,452 Poway Number 0 32 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 6 3 46
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 213,440 0 0 141,000 3,048 3,048 0 0 180,000 155,918 696,454 Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Number 0 33 0 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 1 40
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 220,110 0 2,000 922,000 6,096 3,048 0 0 0 14,430 1,167,684 Rancho Santa
Fe FPD
Number 0 8 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 3 0 15
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 53,360 0 0 1,016,000 0 0 0 0 193,612 0 1,262,972 San Diego (City)
Number 1 260 2 21 34 18 14 1 0 4 70 425
Exposure
(x$1,000) 20,137 1,716,150 3,660 42,000 8,222,000 54,864 42,672 16,629 0 387,223 15,821,496 26,326,831 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 326
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 248
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL San Diego
County Water
Authority
Number 1 457 2 53 59 49 33 4 0 26 119 803
Exposure
(x$1,000) 106,837 3,026,340 3,660 106,000 13,537,000 149,352 100,584 33,259 0 1,982,505 37,210,012 56,255,550 San Marcos Number 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 12 17
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 4,000 857,000 3,048 0 0 0 0 12,941,120 13,811,838 San Miguel FPD Number 0 2 0 0 2 1 3 0 0 2 3 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 0 94,000 3,048 9,144 0 0 193,612 71,780 384,924 Santee Number 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 6
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 163,612 152,366 332,366 Solana Beach Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Unincorporated Number 0 258 0 33 37 44 33 0 0 15 34 454 Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 1,701,860 0 66,000 6,707,000 131,064 100,584 0 0 1,118,059 1,029,784 10,854,351 Vista Number 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 0 0 16,388
Total Number 3 1,177 4 125 157 132 102 5 0 63 183 2,050 Total Exposure (x $1,000) 213,675 7,787,890 7,320 250,000 34,685,000 399,288 310,896 49,888 0 4,933,071 82,619,816 131,097,033 Wildfire dataset provided by City of Encinitas for Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 327
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 249
TABLE 66: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURE FROM VERY HIGH WILDFIRE HAZARD
BY JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Alpine FPD
Total KMs 65 3 0 68
Exposure
(x$1,000) 434,832 2,268 0 437,100
Carlsbad
Total KMs 61 13 0 74
Exposure
(x$1,000) 407,897 8,578 0 416,475
Chula Vista
Total KMs 41 4 0 45
Exposure
(x$1,000) 273,960 2,566 0 276,526
Coronado
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Total KMs 0 1 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 652 0 652
El Cajon
Total KMs 16 2 0 18
Exposure
(x$1,000) 107,171 1,079 0 108,250
Encinitas
Total KMs 21 10 0 24
Exposure
(x$1,000) 65,575 6,717 0 140,769
Escondido
Total KMs 40 9 0 49
Exposure
(x$1,000) 267,984 6,149 0 274,133
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Total KMs 14 3 0 17
Exposure
(x$1,000) 90,850 2,180 0 93,030
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 328
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 250
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Otay Water District
Total KMs 216 24 0 240
Exposure
(x1000) 1,438,065 16,706 0 1,454,771
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 137 22 0 159
Exposure
(x1000) 911,453 14,984 0 926,437
Port of San Diego
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 0
Poway
Total KMs 58 4 0 62
Exposure
(x$1,000) 388,142 2,414 0 390,556
Rainbow Municipal
Water District
Total KMs 262 11 0 273
Exposure
(x1000) 1,744,280 7,763 0 1,752,043
Rancho Santa Fe
FPD
Total KMs 14 2 0 16
Exposure
(x$1,000) 93,346 1,630 0 94,976
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 1,934 126 56 2,116
Exposure
(x$1,000) 12,894,842 85,728 83,589 13,064,159
San Diego County
Water Authority
Total KMs 3,316 292 89 3,697
Exposure
(x1000) 22,108,904 199,668 133,388 22,441,960
San Marcos
Total KMs 40 2 1 43
Exposure
(x$1,000) 266,929 1,183 1,642 269,754
San Miguel FPD
Total KMs 51 21 0 72
Exposure
(x$1,000) 338,443 14,334 0 352,777
Santee
Total KMs 33 2 0 35
Exposure
(x$1,000) 223,061 1,448 0 224,509
Solana Beach
Total KMs 9 3 1 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 61,678 1,776 254 63,708
Unincorporated
Total KMs 2,185 123 90 2,398
Exposure
(x$1,000) 14,569,105 83,698 134,264 14,787,067
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 329
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 251
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Vista
Total KMs 13 3 0 16
Exposure
(x$1,000) 87,845 1,723 0 89,568
Vista Irrigation
District
Total KMs 12 0 1 13
Exposure
(x$1,000) 79,247 0 535 79,782
Total Number 8,538 680 238 9,449
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 58,853,609 463,244 353,672 57,739,002 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 330
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 252
TABLE 67: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE FROM HIGH WILDFIRE HAZARD BY JURISDICTION Residential Buildings at
Risk
Commercial Buildings at
Risk
Jurisdiction Exposed
Population
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Building
Count
Potential
Exposure
(x$1,000)
Alpine FPD 991 788 306,138 138 41,724
Carlsbad 24,365 8,513 3,307,301 238 71,959
Chula Vista 8,464 2,863 1,112,276 57 17,234
Coronado 0 0 0 0 0
Del Mar 940 255 99,068 8 2,419
El Cajon 1,131 168 65,268 20 6,047
Escondido 9,189 1,629 632,867 76 22,979
Imperial Beach 0 6 2,331 0 0
La Mesa 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove 0 0 0 0 0
National City 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside 18,152 5,128 1,992,228 144 43,538
Otay Water District 15,736 4,372 1,698,522 355 107,334
Padre Dam Municipal
Water District 11,393 3,746 1,455,321 284 85,867
Port Of San Diego 0 0 0 0 0
Poway 7,010 1,974 766,899 202 61,075
Rainbow Municipal
Water District 4,867 2,021 785,159 63 19,048
Rancho Santa Fe FPD 11,976 2,456 954,156 103 31,142
San Diego 30,619 9,281 3,605,669 1,427 431,453
San Diego County Water
Authority 224,927 55,177 21,436,265 3,591 1,085,739
San Marcos 11,262 5,276 2,049,726 124 37,491
San Miguel FPD 5,147 1,672 649,572 263 79,518
Santee 7,644 2,047 795,260 75 22,676
Solana Beach 954 505 196,193 15 4,535
Sweetwater Authority 491 472 183,372 21 6,349
Unincorporated 98,697 16,146 6,272,721 1,157 349,819
Vista 15,117 999 388,112 88 26,607
Vista Irrigation District 8,960 674 261,849 36 10,885
Total 518,032 126,168 49,016,273 8,485 2,565,438
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 331
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 253
TABLE 68: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO CRITICAL FACILITIES FROM HIGH WILDFIRE HAZARD BY
JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL Alpine FPD
Number 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 6
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 20,010 0 0 0 6,096 0 0 0 0 18,722 44,828
Carlsbad
Number 0 9 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 7 19
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 60,030 0 0 0 0 6,096 0 0 163,612 452,436 682,174 Chula Vista
Number 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 6
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 20,010 1,830 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 42,550 67,438 Coronado
Number 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 6,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670
Del Mar
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
El Cajon
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Escondido
Number 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 3 7
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 2,000 1,750,000 0 0 0 0 163,612 98,346 2,013,958 Imperial Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
National City
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Number 0 7 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 1 3 15
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 46,690 0 0 47,000 6,096 3,048 0 0 163,612 125,060 391,506 Otay Water
District
Number 0 8 1 0 2 3 1 0 0 0 2 17
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 53,360 1,830 0 922,000 9,144 3,048 0 0 0 201,428 1,190,810 Padre Dam
Municipal
Water District
Number 0 12 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 17
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 80,040 0 0 0 6,096 3,048 0 0 0 72,372 161,556 Poway
Number 0 7 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 10
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 46,690 0 0 47,000 0 0 0 0 60,000 0 153,690
Rainbow
Municipal
Water District
Number 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 46,690 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,690
Rancho Santa
Fe FPD
Number 0 6 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 11
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 40,020 0 0 0 6,096 0 0 0 0 246,864 292,980
San Diego
(City)
Number 2 14 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 20
Exposure
(x$1,000) 161,960 93,380 0 0 0 3,048 3,048 0 0 0 221,852 483,288 San Diego
County Water
Authority
Number 1 94 1 1 12 12 11 0 0 7 35 174
Exposure
(x$1,000) 344,057 622,230 1,830 2,000 3,876,000 36,576 33,528 0 0 878,059 2,012,874 7,807,154 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 332
SECTION FIVE | Risk Assessment 254
Jurisdiction Data AIR BRDG BUS COM ELEC EMER GOVT HOSP PORT POT SCH TOTAL San Marcos
Number 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 6
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 264,624 281,012
San Miguel
FPD
Number 0 7 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 11
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 46,690 0 0 47,000 3,048 3,048 0 0 0 158,878 258,664 Santee
Number 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 13,340 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,650 66,990
Solana Beach
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,864 24,864
Sweetwater
Authority
Number 0 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 8
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 40,020 0 0 0 0 3,048 0 0 0 33,004 76,072
Unincorporated
Number 1 79 0 0 12 10 6 0 0 2 16 126
Exposure
(x$1,000) 196,513 517,430 0 0 2,220,000 30,480 18,288 0 0 327,223 727,346 4,037,280 Vista
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,396 48,396
Total Number 4 267 3 2 31 35 27 0 0 14 83 466
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 702,530 1,766,640 5,490 4,000 8,909,000 106,680 82,296 0 0 1,756,118 4,803,266 19,806,356 Attachment 2
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TABLE 69: POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFRASTRUCTURES FROM HIGH WILDFIRE HAZARD BY
JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Alpine FPD
Total KMs 6 1 0 7
Exposure
(x$1,000) 38,043 595 0 38,638
Carlsbad
Total KMs 129 24 0 153
Exposure
(x$1,000) 861,708 16,189 0 877,897
Chula Vista
Total KMs 33 2 0 35
Exposure
(x$1,000) 218,981 1,024 0 220,005
Coronado
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Del Mar
Total KMs 1 2 1 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,219 1,200 257 3,676
El Cajon
Total KMs 3 1 0 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 23,274 438 0 23,712
Escondido
Total KMs 20 2 0 22
Exposure
(x$1,000) 135,087 1,550 0 136,637
Imperial Beach
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
La Mesa
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Lemon Grove
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
National City
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000) 0 0 0 0
Oceanside
Total KMs 50 4 0 54
Exposure
(x$1,000) 330,311 2,580 0 332,891
Otay Water
District
Total KMs 84 10 0 94
Exposure
(x1000) 559,789 6,922 0 566,711
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Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Padre Dam
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 24 3 0 27
Exposure
(x1000) 161,849 2,232 0 164,081
Port of San
Diego
Total KMs 0 0 0 0
Exposure
(x1000) 0 0 0 0
Poway
Total KMs 14 1 0 15
Exposure
(x$1,000) 96,648 227 0 96,875
Rainbow
Municipal Water
District
Total KMs 35 2 0 37
Exposure
(x1000) 235,403 1,607 0 237,010
Rancho Santa Fe
FPD
Total KMs 14 1 0 15
Exposure
(x$1,000) 95,745 432 0 96,177
San Diego (City)
Total KMs 130 6 2 138
Exposure
(x$1,000) 864,555 4,184 2,817 871,556
San Diego
County Water
Authority
Total KMs 683 119 19 821
Exposure
(x1000) 4,553,847 81,510 28,331 4,663,688
San Marcos
Total KMs 40 1 3 44
Exposure
(x$1,000) 267,402 843 5,094 273,339
San Miguel FPD
Total KMs 24 2 0 26
Exposure
(x$1,000) 163,233 1,433 0 164,666
Santee
Total KMs 13 2 0 15
Exposure
(x$1,000) 87,222 1,340 0 88,562
Solana Beach
Total KMs 1 2 1 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 1,572 1,282 701 3,555
Sweetwater
Authority
Total KMs 1 3 0 4
Exposure
(x$1,000) 6,227 2,058 0 8,285
Unincorporated
Total KMs 420 71 32 523
Exposure
(x$1,000) 2,798,149 48,323 47,473 2,893,945
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Jurisdiction Data HWY OIL
GAS RR TOTAL
Vista
Total KMs 12 2 0 14
Exposure
(x$1,000) 83,218 1,463 0 84,681
Vista Irrigation
District
Total KMs 2 0 0 2
Exposure
(x$1,000) 14,101 0 0 14,101
Total Number 1,739 261 58 2,058
Total Exposure (x $1,000) 11,598,583 177,432 84,673 11,860,688 Attachment 2
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5.3.11. HUMAN-CAUSED HAZARDS
The vulnerability assessment information for human-caused hazards is considered sensitive homeland security information and is provided in a separate, confidential document (Attachment A).
5.3.12. CLIMATE CHANGE (EXTREME HEAT, DROUGHT, COMPOUNDING EVENTS) The following paragraphs provide an assessment summary of Climate Change impacts and threats to people and property in the San Diego region, provided by planning partners from Scripps Institution of Oceanography (more sources are listed in this plan’s appendices):138F139F139F 144
Scripps Institution of Oceanography Assessment Summary
Community adaptations to climate change should best be conducted with an awareness of the existing local climate, along with spatially specific climate projections. This section summarizes and updates findings of the San Diego Region Report (Kalansky et al., 2018) and the San Diego County Ecosystems Report (Jennings et al., 2018) which have recently synthesized the current state of the science and understanding of the impacts from climate variability and future climate change in the region. The section will be organized by key climate-related phenomena: temperature, precipitation, Santa Ana winds and wildfires, coastal low clouds, and sea level. The section concludes by discussing compounding extreme events.
Warming Temperature, Extreme Heat, and Drought
As has been projected across California (Pierce et al., 2018), models indicate that temperature in San Diego will warm progressively through the 21st Century. By the end of the 21st Century, the projected warming ranges from 4˚F to 9˚F, with magnitude depending greatly upon global greenhouse gas emissions. Warming is projected to be greater in late summer and early fall than in other months of the year, and this monthly difference is more pronounced for minimum daily temperatures and under a non-mitigated greenhouse gas emission scenario (RCP 8.5). Because the oceans warm more slowly than land masses, temperature increases along the coast are projected to be about 1˚F less than other locations throughout the region.
The most severe impacts of rising temperature will likely result during occurrences of weather patterns that cause extreme heat. Heat waves have impacts on human health, ecosystems, agriculture, energy demand, and infrastructure. By the end of the century, similar to the average temperature change, the hottest day of the year is projected to increase by 4-9˚F depending on the greenhouse gas emission scenario. The frequency, or the probability of a heat wave occurrence, does not necessarily follow background warming however (Guirguis et al., 2018). For example, under 6˚F of warming, nighttime frequency of heat waves is projected to increase by approximately 51% in the coastal zone, while that of daytime heat waves is only projected to increase by 23% (Jennings et al., 2018). Unlike the coasts, the local mountains, such as Cuyamaca have a similar increase (~30%) in the probability of nighttime and daytime heat waves.
This contrast is a result of differences in the number of days of extreme temperature (long warm tails).
Relative to background warming, which is projected to be stronger inland than at the coast, scientists (Gershunov & Guirguis, 2012) have projected more intense future heat waves along the coast compared to inland areas. In San Diego, as in the rest of California, coastal low clouds modulate temperatures by providing a cooling effect (Iacobellis & Cayan, 2013) while their absence can boost heat waves relative to normal temperatures (Clemesha et al., 2018). This relationship has an impact on projections of heatwaves; however, the sensitivity of coastal low clouds to climate change is complicated and is an area of active research at present. Moreover, winter Santa Ana wind-driven coastal heat wave activity is on the rise (Gershunov et al. 2021) and these events are known to carry a health burden (Schwarz et al. 2020).
The San Diego Region Report highlighted that the most vulnerable populations to health impacts from extreme events, such as heatwaves, are those who lack resources or are uninsured, are socially isolated, or 144 Higbee, Melissa, Daniel Cayan, Sam Iacobellis, Mary Tyree (2014). Report from San Diego Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Training Workshop #1:
Climate Change and Hazards in San Diego. ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability. Accessed July 7, 2014. http://www.icleiusa.org/library/documents/training-workshop-report/view Attachment 2
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whose health is already compromised. For example, cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses are exacerbated by heat and air pollution (Analitis et al., 2014) and psychiatric illness has been shown to triple the risk of death from extreme heat (Bouchama et al., 2007). Heatwaves increase morbidity and mortality as was seen with the July 2006 heat wave in California, which exhibited unprecedented magnitude and unusually high humidity levels (Gershunov et al., 2009). The 2006 extreme heat wave resulted in over 600 excess deaths (Ostro et al., 2009), over 1200 excess hospitalizations for cardiovascular and other diseases (Guirguis et al., 2014), and over 16,000 excess emergency-department visits (Knowlton et al., 2009). In addition, recent research since the San Diego report has shown heat waves in the week prior can cause preterm birth (Ilango et al., 2020) and significant increases in renal hospital admissions for urinary tract infection, septicemia (blood poisoning), urinary stones, and composite kidney disease (Malig et al., 2019).
Throughout California and in San Diego, the effect of high apparent temperature, a combination of hot temperatures and high humidity, can have a greater impact in mortality (heat-related deaths) in coastal areas than inland areas (Basu, 2009). Guirguis et al, (2018, 2014) found that higher daily rates of heat wave-related hospitalization in coastal areas was caused by a lack of air conditioning, while community members in inland areas more often did have air conditioning. Building on this, McElroy et al. (McElroy et al., 2020), examined heat wave definitions (length, threshold percentiles and nighttime versus daytime temperature) and found that community members in climatologically warmer inland and desert climate zones in San Diego had more hospitalizations during heatwaves that had high nighttime warming, as compared to community members in the coastal zone. Both studies underscore the need for heat warning systems that account for differences in the climate zones throughout San Diego.
Furthermore, warming temperatures statewide could result in reduced water supply for the San Diego region. The State Water Project and Colorado River provide 75% to 95% of the water supply for the San Diego region, depending on the year. Both water supplies originate in mountain snowpack. Over the past 50 years across most of the Southwest, there has been less late-winter precipitation falling as snow, earlier snowmelt, and earlier arrival of most of the year’s streamflow. Projections of further warming will result in reduced snowpack, which could translate into reduced water supply for the San Diego region’s cities, agriculture, and ecosystems. An additional threat to water supply is the vulnerability of the levees protecting the California Delta, which feeds the State Water Project.
While the San Diego region’s water supply is likely to decrease, water demand is expected to also increase approximately 29% by 2050 due to economic growth and population pressures. Local water managers also report that higher temperatures could lead to increased demand for water for irrigation. Water shortages could become more frequent and more severe in the future, straining the local economy.
In Southern California, high temperatures also have great impacts on energy and transportation. A study of Los Angeles, which examined vulnerabilities of energy infrastructure at the neighborhood level, estimated losses up to 20% of peak demand safe operating electrical system capacity during projected extreme temperatures at the end of the century. High temperatures in neighboring San Diego County are expected to have similar impacts. Possible adaptations identified for the Los Angeles case, including higher density housing and reduction of sunlight absorbed (increasing albedo) are relevant for the San Diego region (Burillo et al., 2018, 2019). Data relating to temperature impacts on transportation in Southern California is limited, but studies elsewhere indicate that high temperatures must be included as design criteria in order to avoid damage to roads and rail lines (Sias-Daniel et al., 2014).
Research is advancing on effective adaptations to help combat the impact of heat. As Guirguis et al. (2018) showed, access to air conditioning can help prevent hospitalizations during extreme heat events. People living in hotter areas within cities have suffered an overall 6% higher risk of mortality/ morbidity compared to those in cooler areas, and those living in less vegetated areas had 5% higher risk compared to those living in more vegetated areas (Schinasi et al., 2018). In Los Angeles, increases in roof albedo, through lightcolored reflecting roof surface treatments, reduces near-surface air temperature (Mohegh et al., 2018). With respect to infrastructure, the increase of solar energy generation in San Diego will help to offset increased electricity demand during hot sunny days, although this local source of energy will not help to satisfy nighttime energy needs for air conditioning on hot nights, and will be less effective during, cloudy, hot and Attachment 2
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often humid days. The addition of batteries can extend solar power's ability to provide energy during nighttime and on cloudy days.
Highly Volatile Precipitation
Precipitation in Southern California has the highest year-to-year variability of any place in the continental U.S (Dettinger et al., 2011). In the San Diego region this variability is exemplified by the unusually wet water years of 2005, 2011, and 2017 and the droughts of 2001-2004, 2007-2010 and 2012-2016. As is the case for Northern California (Dettinger & Cayan, 2014), the high year-to-year variability in San Diego County is driven by extreme precipitation events, wherein days with precipitation at or exceeding the 95th percentile account for 80% of the year-to-year variability in annual total precipitation (Jennings et al., 2018). The heaviest events mostly occur in winter, although the region occasionally experiences high rainfall events from tropical storms or convective rainfall patterns during late summer and early fall. Large spatial variability adds to the complexity of the climate regime in the region. Mean annual precipitation ranges widely in San Diego County, between approximately 8-36 inches with most differences resulting from topographic influences - most precipitation on the west and south facing slopes and least in the rain shadow of the local mountains.
Model projections indicate that precipitation in California will become even more variable in future decades.
While days with measurable precipitation become less frequent in Southern California (Pierce et al., 2013; Polade et al., 2014), extreme precipitation events will intensify (Polade et al., 2017). By the end of the century, the average wettest day every five years is projected to increase by 10-30%. Driving the precipitation regime change are atmospheric rivers, which are transports of moisture from the tropics over the Pacific Ocean in long, thin streams of moisture, like rivers in the sky. Precipitation from atmospheric rivers is projected to increase in the future, while precipitation from other forms of precipitation is projected to decrease. This tendency is particularly evident for the most extreme events — model projections suggest the strongest increases in the wettest 1% of days, nearly all of which are found to be atmospheric rivers (Gershunov et al., 2019).
Atmospheric rivers are projected to be associated with floods, annual maximum flow events, 8% more often in the end of the century as compared to 1950-2000 (Cao et al., 2020). Historically atmospheric rivers have caused the greatest flood damages to property in California and elsewhere along the West Coast as compared to other types of storms (Corringham et al., 2019). Also, coastal runoff created by atmospheric rivers has been shown to result in fecal pollution in coastal waters (Aguilera et al., 2019). In future decades, projected increases in precipitation from atmospheric rivers will likely increase both the flood damages and water pollution as a result of the extreme precipitation.
The average of several climate models project that Southern California will be drier in the future. However, the models project a range of changes in annual precipitation, due to differences in the representation of atmospheric circulation changes across different global climate models, and to the highly variable nature of the San Diego precipitation (Gershunov et al., 2019). Drought, both interannual and annual, impacts ecosystems and enhances wildfire risk. The recent 2012-2016 drought may be an early form of future droughts in California, not only having diminished annual precipitation amounts, but also featuring temperatures exceeding historical levels.
This combination of warming and drying results in greater evaporative demand from plants and the land surface, which exacerbates the drought (McEvoy et al., 2020; Williams et al., 2015). While reductions of annual precipitation are somewhat uncertain, the increase in temperature is baked into the future because of greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere. The strong likelihood of warming continuing through future decades would indicate that enhanced evapotranspiration and landscape drying are quite certain.
Because of this, future projections of drought that incorporate the evapotranspiration as well as precipitation project more multi-year droughts relative to projections of drought that only include precipitation (Kalansky et al. 2018; McEvoy et al., 2020).
Ecosystems have adapted to the high variability of San Diego’s hydroclimate, but this variability is projected to increase. The recent 2012-2016 drought showed that certain species were more susceptible to multi-year Attachment 2
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droughts than others (Venturas et al., 2016). Meanwhile, recurrent drying, along with persistent warming since 1999 has pushed the Southwest toward “mega drought” (Williams et al., 2020). Extreme drought has the potential to intensify and change community composition and structure of ecosystems. Drought has severe consequences because it operates at spatial scales larger than other disturbances such as fire (Jennings et al., 2018).
Adding to impacts caused by interannual drought, the seasonal drought that is characteristic of the Mediterranean climate is projected to become longer with reduced precipitation in the shoulder seasons, spring, and fall. Such a shift toward a narrower precipitation season would stress some plant communities because spring features the largest increases in biomass for many plants due to the availability of moisture as well as the longer daylight hours (Parker et al., 2016). Thus, the projected spring drying has the potential to limit the growth of plants during their primary growing season. The largest impact of fall drying might likely be the increased occurrence of dry live and dry fuels during the season when Santa Ana winds occur, which would intensify the fall wildfire season.
Growing Threats of Wildfire from Warmer Climate and Santa Ana Winds Santa Ana conditions erase the presence of the North Pacific air mass that usually blankets San Diego County. Santa Ana events typically last a few days and often carry strong and gusty winds from east or northeast directions that produce extreme dryness. Santa Ana Winds bring some of the highest winds experienced by many parts of San Diego County. Peaking in early winter, Santa Ana winds originate in the elevated Great Basin as cool air masses and are pushed southwestward by a synoptic pressure gradient creating offshore winds throughout San Diego (Hughes & Hall, 2010).
Clear skies are typically associated with Santa Ana wind events as the offshore winds blow air pollution offshore (Aguilera et al., 2020a). Some Santa Anas are quite cool, owing to their origins from cold dry Great Basin air masses, but the majority of Santa Anas are warm. In fact, hot, dry Santa wind events have accounted for many of the extremely warm (99th percentile) days within the September through May period:
90% of the warm extremes in winter, 30% in fall and 40% in spring. These non-summer heatwaves increase hospitalizations for dehydration, renal failure and stroke (McElroy et al., 2020).
San Diego’s highest wildfire risk occurs during Santa Ana winds. In recent years, the region suffered some of California’s largest conflagrations, including the September 1970 Laguna fire (175,425 acres burned), the October 2003 Cedar fire (273,246 acres burned) and the October 2007 Witch (197,990 acres burned) and Harris (90,440 acres burned) fires, all fanned by Santa Ana winds. The Santa Ana season typically commences in October, when vegetation is driest. An ignition of parched vegetation under this strong, gusty, dry wind causes wildfires that are extremely difficult if not impossible to control. This explains the timing of the peak of the traditional southern California wildfire season — October — when the Santa Ana season starts and before the first rainstorms of winter. During fires under Santa Ana conditions, air pollution (particulate matter under 2.5 microns - PM2.5) increases throughout San Diego and PM2.5 from wildfire is up to 10 times more harmful than air pollution from other sources (Aguilera et al., 2020b).
In addition to the personal safety, infrastructure and public health hazards posed by wildfires, San Diego ecosystems are also sensitive to too frequent fires. A growing risk in a warmer, fire-prone climate is the conversion of woody chaparral and coastal sage shrublands to grasses and other weedy herbaceous vegetation (Syphard et al., 2018), or the conversion from native coniferous forests to shrublands or exotic grasslands (Franklin, 2010).
Climate model projections of Santa Ana winds indicate that their activity could decrease in the warmer future. In the second half of the century under a non-reduction of greenhouse gas emission scenario (RCP
8.5) Santa Ana wind frequency is projected to decrease by between 8-20% and winds speeds between 5- 10% relative to a historical period of 1950-1999. Further, the Santa Ana activity is projected to decrease mainly in the shoulder seasons, fall and spring, relative to winter (Guzman-Morales & Gershunov, 2019).
The decrease in Santa Ana wind activity in the fall may help mitigate future wildfire risk resulting from drier autumns and more frequent multi-year droughts.
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On the other hand, projected delays in the wet season (Pierce et al., 2013) would extend the presence of dry vegetation into the December peak of Santa Ana wind activity (Guzman-Morales et al., 2016) which will always see more frequent Santa Ana winds than October ever did (Guzman-Morales & Gershunov, 2019).
December fires could occasionally be fanned by back-to-back Santa Ana wind events and have the potential to grow to unprecedented proportions. These were the antecedent conditions that led to the Lilac Fire in San Diego and one of the largest fires in California history, the Thomas Fire, which burned in Ventura and Santa Barbara. The Thomas Fire continued to burn throughout most of December 2017 and into January 2018, when its smoldering remains were finally put out by the first significant rain of the season — an atmospheric river, which caused deadly debris flows.
A later start of the wet season is already apparent in the observations, while a decrease in Santa Ana wind activity has not yet emerged from the natural variability (Williams et al., 2019). Moreover, there are hot and cold flavors of the Santa Ana (Gershunov et al. 2021), of which the hot SAWs spread the largest wildfires.
Research yet needs to be carried out to understand the possibly differential impact of climate change on the two flavors of SAWs.
Variable Marine Layer Clouds
Coastal low stratus clouds, also referred to by scientists as Marine Layer Clouds (MLC) or by locals in Southern California as “May gray” and “June gloom,” are a defining and highly variable aspect of coastal California summer climate. MLC in San Diego are common in late spring and early summer when cool moist air near the ocean surface and sinking warm air above cause a temperature inversion which traps low level moisture and creates optimal conditions for these blanketlike stratiform clouds. When present, MLC shield the coast from summertime heat and are an important weather pattern to the coastal ecosystems in San Diego (Jennings et al., 2018) and as important modulators of coastal expressions of summertime heat waves (Clemesha et al., 2018).
The stability of the lower atmosphere and ocean temperatures are important in the development of MLC, but there are additional drivers that interact on various spatial and temporal scales (Clemesha et al., 2016, 2017; Schwartz, 2015). Because global climate models are coarse-grid calculations and only poorly resolve the high gradient atmosphere-ocean structure along the California coast, and because the controls that govern the presence of coastal stratus are a balance of competing large and smaller scale processes, MLC appear to be poorly predicted. These factors and interactions need to be better understood to provide credible predictions of any future changes in MLC along San Diego County’s coastal zone under future climate change.
Sea-Level Rise, Coastal Storms, and Erosion
The coast is an important part of San Diego’s landscape, culture, and economy. It is also one of the more vulnerable landscapes in San Diego as many of its beaches, cliffs, and estuaries are already experiencing erosion and flooding, and these hazards are expected to accelerate in frequency and intensity with climate change.
Over the last century sea level has risen about 0.6 ft over much of the Central and Southern California coast. Global sea level provides an important indicator of the state of the warming climate, but regional sealevel rise varies across coastal communities because processes that cause sea-level rise interact differently and vary across coastal regions (Hamlington et al., 2020). Between 1980 and 2000, sea level along San Diego was relatively stable, even decreasing slightly as stronger wind stress gradients over the eastern Pacific suppressed the global rise along North America.
Since 2000, sea level has been increasing as the wind systems relaxed once again (Bromirski et al., 2011, 2012; Hamlington et al., 2016). For the San Diego region, sea-level rise models project similar ranges in elevated sea-levels until 2050 (approximately 0.6 to 1.3 feet). In the second half of the century, sea-level rise is expected to accelerate significantly, but there is greater uncertainty as to how extreme this rise will be at the end of the century (0.9 to 4 feet) with the possibility that it is much higher (Griggs et al., 2017). This is Attachment 2
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related to unknown global greenhouse gas emission reductions and uncertainties about how rapid ocean warming will impact ice sheet melting (Griggs et al., 2017; Kalansky et al., 2018) Given the increased rate of sea level rise, in the near term the greatest impacts from sea level rise are mostly likely to occur during events that combine high tides, El Nino and both locally and distantly generated wind-driven waves. For example, the generally elevated sea levels along the California coast during the super El Nino of 1982-83 were heightened by large winter storms and high waves during high tide periods, causing enormous coastal damage along the San Diego County shoreline (Flick, 1998).
The next period of unusually high tides will occur in 2021 from 16.8 and 4.4-year lunar tidal cycles, and will produce peak monthly tides about 0.5 ft higher than years in between cycle peaks (Cayan et al., 2008; Zetler & Flick, 1985). Hazardous coastal storm events are expected to become more severe as global sea level rises. San Diego’s long history of coastal monitoring and research are now being used more to advance our understanding of how extreme events as repetitive stressors are increasing San Diego’s coastal vulnerabilities. Recent improvements in coastal wave forecasting (Crosby et al., 2016, 2017) coupled with enhanced wave runup modeling are improving coastal flood forecasting capabilities for San Diego communities by defining the incident wave conditions and tide levels that result in site-specific flooding (Fiedler et al., 2018, 2020).
A long history of coastal monitoring and analysis by San Diego researchers (Ludka et al., 2019) has led to improved wave forecasts, improved understanding of sediment processes, including beach nourishment (addition of sand to the beaches) and cliff erosion, and improved understanding of local estuarine dynamics and ecosystems. Beach processes and sediment budgets are typically characterized within a particular littoral cell, a series of sand sources (such as rivers, streams, and eroding coastal bluffs) that provide sand to the shoreline, sand sinks (such as coastal dunes and submarine canyons) where sand is lost from the shoreline, and alongshore transport that moves sand along the shoreline.
Over the years, human activity, such as damming rivers, has limited the amount of sand that enters the littoral cell. For example, 60% (40% dammed and 20% urbanized and not dammed) of the Oceanside Littoral Cell watershed no longer generates beach sand (Young et al., 2010). Beach sand levels and waves have been monitored at selected San Diego beaches for as long as 17 years (Torrey Pines, Imperial Beach, Solana Beach, and Cardiff Beach) including two energetic El Nino winters that showed significant beach degradation (Ludka et al., 2019). These observations have led to a better understanding of seasonal beach sand level changes, areas of chronic erosion (Doria et al., 2016; Yates et al., 2009, 2011) and coastal impacts associated with El Niño events (Barnard et al., 2017; Doria et al., 2016; Ludka et al., 2015, 2016, 2018; Young, 2018).
Cliff erosion is a natural coastal process for much of northern San Diego County. In San Diego, between 1998 and 2009 the mean cliff top retreat was 0.46 ft/yr (Young, 2018). San Onofre State Beach is a cliff erosion hot spot in San Diego County due to extensive deep-seated landslide (Adam P Young, 2015). Other areas in north San Diego County, such as Encinitas and Del Mar, have also experienced a number of significant cliff failures in recent years. Researchers are advancing understanding of how wave-cliff impacts and rainfall contribute to both upper and lower coastal cliff erosion providing insight into how increasing sea levels, and storm driven waves and rainfall may further accelerate this erosion (Young et al., 2021) Additionally, beach nourishment, or the addition of sand, is an important part of the sediment supply to beaches throughout the San Diego region, beginning at the end of World War II. SANDAG spent $44 million in 2001 and 2012 on non-opportunistic nourishment by placing 3.5 million cubic yards of sand on beaches throughout the County and north San Diego County has developed a 50-year, $160 million plan for beach nourishment (Diehl, 2015). The impacts of beach nourishment are complex as there are several physical processes that interact to determine the impacts on flooding, erosion, and ecosystems. Successive beach monitoring during the nourishments provides insight into how site-specific sediment transport processes, sand grain size, timing of the nourishment and the intensity and frequency of storm-driven wave energy can affect the success of a nourishment (Ludka et al., 2016, 2018, 2019).
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Compounding Extreme Events
One concern, both historically and in the future is a sequence of hazards, or “compounding extreme events.” For example, the largest fire in California history, the Thomas Fire, and subsequent Montecito debris flows, unleashed from the barren landscape that was burned off by the Thomas Fire, is an example of a devastating sequence of climate related events. The December 2017 Thomas fire burned 281,893 acres occurred several months after a very wet winter (more than 22 inches November through May as an average over the South Coast Climate Division) and immediately following an extremely dry September through November that delivered only about 0.3 inches of precipitation.
When a strong Santa Ana wind event occurred in early December, the dry landscape provided the fuel for a devastating wildfire that was fanned by strong and back-to-back Santa Ana Wind events common in December. The conditions allowed the Thomas fire to grow to the largest wildfire in Southern California’s modern history. The first measurable rainfall occurred on January 8. During the storm, high intensity rainfall resulted in devastating post-fire debris flows in Montecito and Carpinteria resulting in 23 deaths, 246 structures destroyed, and 167 damaged. This sequence of devastating events has the potential to become more frequent given the projections of a drier fall, extending the annual seasonal drought into the main Santa Ana season, increasing the likelihood that a strong Santa Ana wind event occurs over a dry landscape that can provide fuel for the fire. Further extreme precipitation is projected to become more extreme, leading to the increased possibility of post-fire debris flows.
Other relevant compound co-occurring extremes for the San Diego area include public health impact form waves, wildfires, droughts, extreme precipitation, as well as coastal and inland flooding. A frequent compounder of wildfire and smoke impacts on public health (Aguilera et al. 2020, 2021a, 2021b) is the coastal heat that is often produced by Santa Ana winds (Gershunov et al. 2021), also known to impact health in the fall, winter, and spring (Schwarz et al. 2020). Another possible compounding event that could heighten the potential for increased frequency and severity of impacts in the future is the combination of a storm causing both terrestrial and coastal flooding. As sea level rises, and extreme precipitation becomes more extreme, the combination of coastal and storm water flooding has the potential to have devastating impacts on property, infrastructure, and water quality.
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SECTION SIX: Develop a Mitigation Strategy
Decorative Image
Photo by
CAL FIRE San Diego Communications Bureau
San Diego County, California
2023
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6. SECTION SIX: DEVELOP A MITIGATION STRATEGY
After each participating jurisdiction reviewed the Risk Assessment (Section 5), jurisdictional leads met with their individual Local Planning Groups (LPG) to identify appropriate jurisdictional-level goals, objectives, and mitigation action items. This section of the Plan incorporates:
1. Mitigation goals and objectives
2. Mitigation actions/priorities
3. An action plan/implementation strategy
The mitigation strategy serves as the long-term blueprint for reducing potential losses identified in the risk assessment. The mitigation strategy describes how the community will accomplish the overall purpose, or mission, of the planning process.
The mitigation strategy is made up of three main required components: mitigation goals, mitigation actions, and an action plan for implementation. These provide the framework to identify, prioritize, and implement actions to reduce risk to hazards.
Mitigation goals are general guidelines that explain what the community wants to achieve with the plan They are usually broad policy-type statements that are long-term, and they represent visions for reducing or avoiding losses from the identified hazards Mitigation actions are specific projects and activities that help achieve the goals.
The action plan describes how the mitigation actions will be implemented, including how those actions will be prioritized, administered, and incorporated into the community’s existing planning mechanisms. In a multi-jurisdictional plan, each jurisdiction must have an action plan specific to that jurisdiction and its vulnerabilities.
Although not required, some communities choose to develop objectives to help define or organize mitigation actions. Objectives are broader than specific actions, but are measurable, unlike goals. Objectives connect goals with the actual mitigation actions.
Each jurisdiction reviewed hazard profile and loss estimation information presented in Section 5 and used this as a basis for developing mitigation goals and objectives. Other important inputs to the development of jurisdiction-level goals and objectives include performing reviews of existing local plans, policy documents, and regulations for consistency and complementary goals, as well as soliciting input from the public.
6.1. MITIGATION ACTION EVALUATION
Mitigation actions that address the goals and objectives developed in the previous step were identified, evaluated, and prioritized. These actions form the core of the mitigation plan.
Jurisdictions conducted a capabilities assessment, reviewed and incorporated existing local plans, policies, and regulations for any other capabilities relevant to hazard mitigation planning.
An analysis of their capability to carry out these implementation measures regarding hazard and loss prevention was conducted. The capabilities assessment required an inventory of each jurisdiction’s legal, administrative, fiscal, and technical capacities to support hazard mitigation planning.
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After completion of the capabilities assessment, each jurisdiction evaluated and prioritized their proposed mitigations. As part of this process, each jurisdiction reviewed the actions detailed in the 2018 plan to see if they were completed, had been dropped due to issues such as lack of political support or lack of funding, or were on-going and should be continued in the new plan. The status of each jurisdiction’s action items is detailed in Section 7 of this Plan and jurisdiction-specific Annexes, if applicable. In all cases, the mitigation actions selected are prioritized based on the benefit of the action compared to the cost (in terms of funding, staff time, time to complete) of conducting that action.
Also considered were cost-benefit reviews, changes in development, safe growth audits, mitigation efforts, mitigation potential improvement, and current/updated priorities. Each participant used their local planning group to evaluate alternative mitigation actions by considering the implications of each action item. One potential method available to the cities to accomplish this was the STAPLEE method. The STAPLEE criteria is a tool used to assist communities in deciding which actions to include in their implementation strategy.
The table below shows the evaluation and prioritization of each mitigation action being considered by the Planning Team. For each action, evaluate the potential benefits and/or likelihood of successful implementation for the criteria defined below.
Rank each of the criteria with a -1, 0 or 1 using the following scale:
• 1 = Highly effective or feasible
• 0 = Neutral
• -1 = Ineffective or not feasible
STAPLEE Evaluation Criteria:
• Life Safety – How effective will the action be at protecting lives and preventing injuries? • Property Protection – How significant will the action be at eliminating or reducing damage to structures and infrastructure?
• Technical – Is the mitigation action technically feasible? Is it a long-term solution? Eliminate actions that, from a technical standpoint, will not meet the goals. • Political – Is there overall public support for the mitigation action? Is there the political will to support it?
• Legal – Does the community have the authority to implement the action? • Environmental – What are the potential environmental impacts of the action? Will it comply with environmental regulations?
• Social – Will the proposed action adversely affect one segment of the population? Will the action disrupt established neighborhoods, break up voting districts, or cause the relocation of lower income people?
• Administrative – Does the community have the personnel and administrative capabilities to implement the action and maintain it or will outside help be necessary? • Local Champion – Is there a strong advocate for the action or project among local departments and agencies that will support the action’s implementation? • Other Community Objectives – Does the action advance other community objectives, such as capital improvements, economic development, environmental quality, or open space preservation? Does it support the policies of the comprehensive plan? Attachment 2
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Letters preceding Mitigation Action titles correspond with Section 6.2’s “Prioritized Actions” sections.
TABLE 70: MITIGATION ACTIONS
Mitigation Action Life
Safety
Property
Protection Technical Political Legal Environmental Social Administrative Local
Champio
n
Other
Community
Objectives
Total
Score
Local Plans and Regulations
D. Climate Change
Planning - - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
G. Building Codes - - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
H. Hazard
Mitigation Action
Adoption
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10
I. MSCP Open
Space Acquisitions
Efforts
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10
K. Agricultural/Live
stock Pass
Program:
- - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
L. Operational
Area Emergency
Operations Plan
(OA
EOP)/Associated
Annexes, Regional
Emergency Plans,
Concept of
Operations
(ConOps),
Standard
Operating
Procedures
(SOPs),
Emergency
Operations Center
(EOC)
Planning/Training,
Work Plans and
Charters
- - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
M. Excessive Heat
Awareness
Promotion,
Resilience,
Adaptation and
Mitigation
1 - - - - - - - - - 1
N. Regional
Planning Efforts - - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
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Mitigation Action Life
Safety
Property
Protection Technical Political Legal Environmental Social Administrative Local
Champio
n
Other
Community
Objectives
Total
Score
Structure and Infrastructure Projects
A. Limit
Development in
Floodplains and
Other Hazardous
Areas
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10
E. Expansion of
Automatic Local
Evaluation in RealTime (ALERT) to
Vulnerable and
Underserved
Communities:
- - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
F. Community
Rating System
(CRS)
Implementation
and Improvement
- - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
Natural Systems Protection
B. Forest
Management 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10
C. Invasive and
Noxious Weed
Control
(Vegetation
Management)
- - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
J. Wetland
Protection and
Restoration Efforts
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10
Education and Awareness Programs
M. Excessive Heat
Awareness
Promotion,
Resilience,
Adaptation and
Mitigation:
1 - - - - - - - - - 1
O. Training and
Exercises - - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
P. Public
Education and
Outreach
Programs:
- - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
Q. Sustainable
Department Goals 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10
R. Three-Day
Preparedness Kits - - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
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S. San Diego
County Fire
Community
Emergency
Response Team’s
Community
Emergency
Preparedness
Outreach Program
- - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
T. Free Residential
Knox Box Program - - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
U. Free Wildland
Urban Interface
(WUI)
Classes/Training
for Communities
- - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
V. The California
Wildfire Mitigation
Program - HomeHardening
Initiative
- - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
W. Support
Symposiums - - - - - - - - - -
Not
rated
Mitigation Actions marked as “Not rated” in the table above are often considered existing County/Department priorities.
6.2. MITIGATION GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION This version of the Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan was revised over the past five years to reflect changes in development, progress in local mitigation efforts, and changes in priorities. Generally, hazard priorities remained unchanged, though some hazards’ (such as Climate Change, Drought, and Extreme Heat) prevalence and/or probability of occurrence increased and, therefore, needed an updated Vulnerability Assessment.
All Hazard Profiles were researched for more modern content, data, and details.
This plan’s Goals, Objectives, and Actions were updated from the last version to reflect current priorities within existing plans such as the County Strategic Plan/Initiatives and the County General Plan’s Safety Element.
Local Mitigation Planning Groups (LMPGs) are comprised of individuals from various departments bringing their experience and knowledge of the region, the jurisdiction, and local constraints to assist in the evaluation of the hazards and the development of mitigations strategies, goals, objectives, and actions. Individual local planning group membership and decisions are discussed in each jurisdictions’ annex.
There were four goals established by the County of San Diego’s LMPG. They are listed in order of importance and do not differ significantly from 2018 goals. Instead, these updated goals reflect consolidated versions of 2018 repetitive sentences and were rewritten to use FEMA and existing County/Regional plans’ terminology. Once developed, County staff Attachment 2
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submitted the plan to Governor’s Office of Emergency Services and FEMA for approval.
Once approved, the Plan will be submitted to the Unified Disaster Council, then to the San Diego County Board of Supervisors for adoption.
The goals and objectives were developed by considering the risk assessment findings, localized hazard identification and loss/exposure estimates, and an analysis of the jurisdiction’s current capabilities assessment. These preliminary goals, objectives, and actions were developed to represent a vision of long-term hazard reduction or enhancement of capabilities.
To help further development of these goals and objectives, the LMPG compiled and reviewed current jurisdictional sources including the County’s planning documents, codes, and ordinances. In addition, County representatives met with County OES to specifically discuss these hazard-related goals, objectives, and actions as they related to the plan.
For each goal, one or more objectives were identified that provide strategies to attain the goal. Where appropriate, the County has identified a range of specific actions to achieve the objective and goal. A mitigation action is a specific action, project, activity, or process taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from hazards and their impacts.
Implementing mitigation actions helps achieve the plan’s mission and goals. The actions to reduce vulnerability to threats and hazards form the core of the plan and are a key outcome of the planning process.
Mitigation actions that will provide the most benefits in the least amount of time with available resources were selected as the highest priorities. This does not mean other actions are not considered important. It merely indicates that the LMPG set out to complete actions with current resources. The other actions will be completed as additional resources become available.
Below is a broad, general list of the County of San Diego’s hazard-related Goals, Objectives, and Actions as prepared by the LMPG, and in conjunction with the Hazard Mitigation Planning Group (HMPG), locally elected officials, and the public.
The County of San Diego developed the broad list of Goals, Objectives, and Actions to assist in the implementation and achieving of the four identified hazard mitigation goals. For each Goal and Objective, specific Actions were developed that would foster implementation.
A smaller list of prioritized actions, and discussion of the prioritization and implementation of the action items is provided in Section 6.1. of this plan. That smaller list of Prioritized Actions will require progress reports during the next plan update. “Grants and Local funds,” “Potential Grant Funding,” “Grants,” “FEMA HMA Grants,” and “State Grant Funding” named in the Base Plan and within the Annexes refers to FEMA funding available through the Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) grant programs: the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP); the Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) Program; and the Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Program.
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GOAL 1 FOSTER SAFE, SUSTAINABLE, AND THRIVING
ENVIRONMENTS.
Objective 1 Promote hazard-resistant future developments and enhance operational resources.
GOAL 2 REDUCE THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGES AND LOSSES TO
EXISTING ASSETS (SUCH AS PEOPLE, CRITICAL
FACILITIES/INFRASTRUCTURES, AND COUNTY-OWNED
FACILITIES).
Objective 2 Develop and/or enhance comprehensive all hazard mitigation policies, plans, technologies, and services.
GOAL 3 ENHANCE LOCAL CAPACITY AND COMMITMENT TO BECOME
LESS VULNERABLE TO ALL HAZARDS.
Objective 3 Strengthen all hazard mitigation coordination and communication with local, state, tribal and federal governments/partners.
GOAL 4 PROMOTE REGIONAL CULTURE OF HAZARD
UNDERSTANDING, SUPPORT, AND PREPAREDNESS.
Objective 4 Provide accessible and inclusive education, training, and resources to prepare the whole community for natural and human-caused hazards.
The County of San Diego developed the following broad list of objectives and actions to assist in the implementation and achieving of the four identified hazard mitigation goals. For each objective, specific actions were developed that would foster implementation. A discussion of the prioritization and implementation of the action items is provided in Section
6.1.:
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TABLE 71: HAZARD MITIGATION GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS Goal 1: Foster safe, sustainable, and thriving environments.
Objective 1 Promote hazard-resistant future developments and enhance operational resources.
Action 1. A. Facilitate the review, development, adoption, updating, and consistent enforcement of general plans, zoning ordinances and building codes by:
• Strengthening existing development regulations to discourage land uses and activities that create or worsen hazards
• planning and zoning for open space, recreational agricultural or other low intensity uses within floodway fringes
• reviewing and revising, as necessary, sediment and erosion control regulations
• ensuring newly constructed and existing critical facilities are designed to function after a major earthquake
• updating building codes to reflect current earthquake standards • updating the County Consolidated Fire Code as necessary • updating the General Plan and zoning regulations to reflect hazardous areas using development patterns that should respect environmental characteristics and are harmonious with existing topography
• developing model Weed Abatement and Fuel Modification ordinances • continuing to protect and restore wetlands by revising development ordinances, incorporating, and maintaining valuable wetlands in open space preservation programs to mitigate effects of development on wetland areas • staffing enforcement personnel to ensure compliance
• supporting coordinated permitting activities processes through developing and coordinating permits for all agencies, developing notification procedures for all permits that support affected agencies, continuing to streamline policies to eliminate conflicts and duplication of efforts and continuing to exchange resources and work with local/regional partners
• continuing to utilize multi-agency permitting and enforcement team • continuing to enforce trespassing regulations in high-risk areas • continuing forest and open space management efforts
Action 1. B. Protect existing assets and limit future development in hazardous areas by:
• continuing to identify high hazard areas, identify hazard-prone structures/assets, inventory wildlife vegetative communities by type and vegetation age class, and develop/update data sets necessary to test hazard scenarios and mitigation tools using GIS (Geographic Information Systems)
• managing wildland vegetative communities to promote less hazardous conditions through defining target class ranges, developing partnerships within communities to fix age class ranges, and promoting cooperative vegetation management programs that incorporate hazard mitigation
• continuing to construct barriers around hazard-prone structures • continuing to assess countywide utility infrastructures with regard to earthquake risk
• continuing to review and compare existing flood control standards, zoning and building requirements
• acquiring properties, when feasible, on floodway to prevent development • encouraging and conducting structural retrofitting to strengthen resistance to damage
• encouraging clustering
• continuing to gain public acceptance for avoidance policies in high-hazard areas • adopting policies that discourage growth in flood-prone areas • assuring adequate funding to restore damaged facilities to 100-year flood design Attachment 2
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• updating storm water system plans and improving storm water facilities in highrisk areas • limiting development in areas of known geologic hazards • creating demand for hazard-resistant construction and site planning • increasing public understanding, support, and demand for new developments’ hazard mitigation
• supporting transfer of development rights in hazard-prone areas.
To protect lives and property, development in floodplains shall be appropriate and limited, and high fire hazard areas shall have adequate access for emergency vehicles.
Responsible
Department(s)
• Fire
• Land Use & Environment Group
• Department of Public Works
• Planning & Development Services
• Parks & Recreation
• Office of Emergency Services
• Department of Agriculture, Weights & Measures
Prioritized Actions A. Limit Development in Floodplains and Other Hazardous Areas: County Department of Public Works will continue to limit development of park structures and facilities in floodplains and other hazardous areas.
B. Forest Management: County Parks & Recreation will continue to conduct brush and vegetation management in preserves to reduce fire and flooding risks.
C. Invasive and Noxious Weed Control (Vegetation Management): The County Department of Agriculture, Weights & Measures will continue to promote cooperative vegetation management programs that promote hazard mitigation will be critical in continue to mitigate wildfire risks from vegetation.
D. Climate Change Planning: The County Department of Public Works’ Flood Control District will lead efforts related to downscale modeling, stress testing Flood Control facilities during higher flows, updating County Special Drainage Area (SDA) Master Plans, update of County Hydrology Manual and Hydraulic Design Manual to account for climate change impacts.
E. Expansion of Automatic Local Evaluation in Real-Time (ALERT) to Vulnerable and Underserved Communities: The County Department of Public Works’ Flood Control District will lead these efforts.
F. Community Rating System (CRS) Implementation and Improvement: The County Department of Public Works’ Flood Control District will lead these efforts.
G. Building Codes: County Planning & Development Services (PDS: Building Division) will review building codes to reflect current earthquake, fire, and wind standards annually and adopt as necessary to ensure structures are built to withstand hazard events. County staff will attend conferences and industry meetings to better understand changes to codes and after-event support efforts.
H. Hazard Mitigation Action Adoption: County Planning & Development Services (PDS), County Fire, County Technology Office (CTO), County Communications Office (CCO) and County Office of Emergency Services (OES) will publicize and encourage the adoption of appropriate hazard mitigation actions throughout the region.
I. MSCP Open Space Acquisitions Efforts: County Department of Parks & Recreation will continue open space acquisition efforts, such as purchasing land that could be preserved/protect natural resources and undeveloped land in high hazard areas.
J. Wetland Protection and Restoration Efforts: The County Department of Parks & Recreation will continue wetland protection and restoration efforts.
K. Agricultural/Livestock Pass Program: The County Department of Agriculture, Weights & Measures will help the County of San Diego establish a county-based program that grants agriculturalists special access to their farms or ranches during disaster.
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Potential Funding
Source(s)
General Fund, federal and/or state grants
Timeline January 2023 – January 2028
Goal 2: Reduce the possibility of damages and losses to existing assets (such as people, critical facilities/infrastructures and County-owned facilities).
Objective 2 Develop and/or enhance comprehensive all hazard mitigation policies, plans, technologies, and services.
Action 2.A. Protect existing assets with the highest relative vulnerability to hazard effects by:
• protecting vulnerable populations from the effects of hazards • identifying projects related to all hazards for pre-disaster mitigation funding • including safety considerations in the planning and decision-making process by establishing policies related to future development that will minimize the risk of personal injury, loss of life, property damage, and environmental damage associated with natural and human-caused hazards.
Action 2.B. Create, update and/or improve existing hazard/hazard mitigation policies, Concept of Operations (ConOps), Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), plans, projects, technologies, and services with partners related, but not limited, to:
• Avalanche
• Dam Failure
o by updating dam inundation plans every ten years, at minimum o by coordinating with partners and supporting existing efforts to mitigate dam failures (e.g., U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and California Department of Water Resources) • Drought
o by encouraging the public to adopt drought tolerant landscaping or xeriscape practices
o by promoting use of reclaimed water for all landscaping efforts, where available and feasible.
o support groundwater recycling efforts
• Earthquake
o by continuing to study ground motion, landslide ad liquefaction o by continuing to implement an ongoing seismic risk assessment program o by developing and implementing an incentive program for seismic retrofits o by studying ground motion, landslide and liquefaction • Erosion
o by continuing to coordinate with coastal cities to develop comprehensive plans
• Expansive Soils
• Extreme Cold
• Extreme Heat
o by supporting regional efforts to prepare for excessive heat events, participating in “Excessive Heat Emergency Awareness” events and exercising heat emergency plans as established by the County Health & Human Services Agency (HHSA), Aging & Independence Services (AIS), Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and Public Health Services (PHS) o by continuing to provide “Cool Zones” during excessive heat events • Flood
o by developing a flood control strategy that ensures coordination with local, state, and federal agencies/partners
o by minimize repetitive losses caused by flooding
o by increasing participation and improving compliance with the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
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• Hail
• Hurricane
• Landslide
o by studying and improving storm drains for landslide-prone areas • Lightning
• Sea Level Rise
• Severe Wind
• Severe Winter Weather
• Subsidence
• Tornado
• Tsunami
o coordinate with coastal cities to develop comprehensive plans • Wildfire/Structure Fire
o by coordinating and supporting existing and new efforts to mitigate structural and vegetation fires
o by continuing to develop partnerships for a countywide vegetation management program
o by enforcing Defensible Space Clearance distances
o by working with community-based groups to pilot chipping programs o by continuing to research options to provide low-cost insurance to cover landowners who allow prescribed burning on their lands
o by establishing and continuing wildland fire technical working group o by continuing to develop partnerships for a countywide vegetation management program
o by reporting annually to the Board of Supervisors on the progress of fire mitigation strategies
• Climate Change
o by raising awareness of the climate change links to public health o by reducing the public health impacts of climate change o by mitigating potential hazards caused by climate related events • Terrorism / Cyber Terrorism
o Attachment A contains Terrorism/Cyber Terrorism Goals, Objectives, and Actions, is categorized as For Official Use Only, and is only available to official partners.
• Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosion (CBRNE) Threats o Attachment A contains Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosion (CBRNE) threats’ goals, objectives, and actions, is categorized as For Official Use Only, and is only available to official partners.
• Pandemic Disease
Responsible
Department(s)
• Sheriff’s Department
• Fire
• Public Safety Group
• Office of Emergency Services
• Department of Public Works
• Planning & Development Services
• Land Use and Environmental Group/GIS
• Health & Human Services Agency
• Emergency Medical Services
• Public Health Preparedness & Response
• Public Health Services
• Department of Environmental Health & Quality/ Hazardous Incident Response Team
Prioritized Actions L. Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan (OA EOP)/Associated Annexes, Regional Emergency Plans, Concept of Operations (ConOps), Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), Emergency Operations Center (EOC) Planning/Training, Work Plans and Charters, and Safety Element (of the County Attachment 2
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General Plan): The County Office of Emergency Services (OES) will work with the eighteen incorporated cities and participating county departments, special districts and partners to revise, update and complete these plans, projects, technologies and services annually and/or as needed.
M. Excessive Heat Awareness Promotion, Resilience, Adaptation and Mitigation: The County of San Diego, Public Health Services and the Health & Human Services Agency are undertaking initiatives over the next several years to raise awareness around excessive heat and climate change.
Potential Funding
Source(s)
General Fund, federal and/or state grants
Timeline January 2023 - January 2028
Goal 3: Enhance local capacity and commitment to become less vulnerable to all hazards.
Objective 3 Strengthen all hazard mitigation coordination and communication with local, state, tribal and federal governments/partners.
Action 3.A. Increase awareness and knowledge of hazard mitigation principles and practice among partners by:
• continuously demonstrating the importance of pre-disaster mitigation planning to the Board of Supervisors and other public officials
• conducting meetings with key elected officials to determine local issues and concerns
• leveraging the County Communications Office/County News Center and the Partner Relay to promote mitigation actions
Action 3.B. Encourage other partners/organizations to incorporate hazard mitigation activities by:
• continuing to streamline policies to eliminate conflicts and duplication of efforts
• continuing to encourage tribal governments to become part of the Hazardous Incident Response Team (HIRT) Joint Powers Agreement (JPA).
Action 3.C. Establish, maintain, and improve close and lasting working relationships with partners by:
• supporting the County Fire Safe Council
• continuing and maintaining multi-jurisdictional/multi-functional training and exercises to enhance hazard mitigation
• leveraging resources and expertise that will further hazard mitigation efforts • inviting/encouraging participation of tribal governments and special districts in Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan updates.
Action 3.D. Improve the County’s capability and efficiency at administering pre- and post-disaster mitigation by:
• collaborating with partners to identify, prioritize and implement mitigation actions
• continuing to establish a requirement that all hazard mitigation projects submitted to the State must be reviewed by the County
• continuing to improve coordination with the State Hazard Mitigation Department about local issues
• maintaining consistency with the State in administering recovery programs Attachment 2
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• coordinating recovery activities while restoring and maintaining public services through maintenance of two damage assessment teams and their activation/reporting procedures.
Responsible
Department(s)
• Fire
• Office of Emergency Services
• Public Safety Group
• Department of Environmental Health & Quality/Hazardous Incident Response Team
Prioritized Actions N. Regional Planning Efforts: The County Office of Emergency Services (OES) and participating County departments will streamline policies to eliminate conflicts and duplication of efforts in regional planning efforts (i.e. Hazard Mitigation Plan updates, etc.) by coordinating emergency management activities with regional stakeholders and facilitating meetings on a regular basis with regional emergency managers/the eighteen incorporated cities, healthcare agencies, campus emergency managers, Department of Defense (DOD)/local military partners, Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (VOAD) and faith-based partners.
O. Training and Exercises: The County Office of Emergency Services (OES) and participating county departments will collaborate with the eighteen incorporated cities and private sector agencies to maintain multi-jurisdictional/multi-functional training and annual exercises.
Potential Funding
Source(s)
General Fund, federal and/or state grants
Timeline January 2023 - January 2028
Goal 4: Promote regional culture of hazard understanding, support, and preparedness.
Objective 4 Provide accessible and inclusive education, training, and resources to prepare the whole community for natural and human-caused hazards.
Action 4.A. Improve the County’s ability to manage pre- and post-disaster scenarios and respond effectively during an event by:
• attracting, recruiting, and retaining qualified, professional, and experienced staff
• training staff for appropriate positions/assignments within the Operational Area Emergency Operations Center (OA EOC).
Action 4.B. Increase and improve public education and awareness of hazards and mitigation action opportunities using a whole community approach by:
• continuing to identify hazard-specific issues and needs and identifying communities that have recurring losses
• publicizing and encouraging the adoption of appropriate hazard mitigation actions
• providing hazard information on County websites and leveraging the County Communications Office/County News Center
• continuing to encourage the public to prepare and maintain a three-day preparedness kit for home and work
• promoting the County’s “Know Your Hazards” and “SD Emergency” applications.
• coordinating production of brochures, informational packets, and other handouts
• delivering presentations as requested/needed
• implementing hazard awareness program
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• improving hazard warnings and response planning
• implementing public education program to address fire dangers and corrective measures
• continuing to develop, plan and publish evacuation procedures to the public • continuing to participate in community awareness meetings • continuing to collaborate with local, state and federal agencies’ on mapping efforts
• continuing to support public and private sector symposiums • developing and maintaining hazard mitigation partnerships with the media.
Action 4.C. Monitor and publicize the effectiveness of hazard mitigation actions implemented countywide by:
• continuing to use County websites to publicize mitigation actions • continuing to establish budgets and identifying funding resources for mitigation outreach
• continuing to determine mitigation messages to convey and create marketing campaigns
• continuing to develop and distribute hazard brochures, CDs and other publications.
Action 4.D. Promote hazard mitigation in the business community by:
• increasing knowledge and awareness of hazard mitigation principles and practices
• encouraging and empowering businesses to identify and address hazardspecific issues and needs • encouraging businesses to develop and implement hazard mitigation actions.
Responsible
Department(s)
• Office of Emergency Services
• Public Safety Group
• Fire
Prioritized Actions P. Public Education and Outreach Programs: The County Office of Emergency Services (OES) and County Communication Office (CCO) will develop and maintain hazard mitigation-related public education and outreach programs (i.e. annual defensible space education/outreach, terrorism prevention, erosion control, etc.)
Q. Sustainable Department Goals: The County Office of Emergency Services (OES) will continue to research ways to sustainably retain a trained workforce, particularly related to Emergency Operations Center positions. County OES will also continue to research economically sustainable efforts, technologies, equipment, vehicles, and other necessities to reduce the department’s carbon footprint.
R. Three-Day Preparedness Kits: The County Office of Emergency Services (OES), County Communications Office (CCO), and the County Technology Office (CTO) will encourage the public to prepare and maintain a three-day preparedness kit for home and work through outreach events, social media, paid media and earned media.
S. San Diego County Fire Community Emergency Response Team’s Community Emergency Preparedness Outreach Program: Utilize County Fire’s Community Emergency Response Team (trained and background checked volunteers) to conduct in-person outreach training, events and activities bringing emergency preparedness information to underserved populations in their rural communities.
T. Free Residential Knox Box Program: County Fire will integrate the Knox Box Program through outreach efforts with CAL FIRE, participating County departments, Fire Safe Council of San Diego County, and other various stakeholders.
U. Free Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) Classes/Training for Communities: County Fire can integrate with partner agencies to offer the WUI course throughout San Attachment 2
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Diego County. Participating agencies could include CAL FIRE, Bureau of Land Management, US Forest Service, and local Fire Safe Councils.
V. The California Wildfire Mitigation Program - Home-Hardening Initiative: County Fire is currently working with the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services to pilot the California Wildfire Mitigation Program (CWMP) Home-Hardening Initiative.
The CWMP Home Hardening Initiative aims to perform defensible space and retrofit measures on existing residential homesites to mitigate against wildfire losses. This program targets high social-vulnerability communities and provides financial assistance to qualifying low-and moderate-income (LMI) households. This pilot program will be implemented in three high-risk areas within San Diego County:
Dulzura, Potrero, and Campo.
W. Support Symposiums: The County Office of Emergency Services (OES) and participating county departments will collaborate with the eighteen incorporated cities and the private sector to support public and private sector hazard mitigation planning symposiums.
Potential Funding
Source(s)
General Fund, federal and/or state grants
Timeline January 2023 - January 2028
Once the comprehensive list of jurisdictional goals, objectives, and action items listed above was developed, the proposed mitigation actions were prioritized using FEMA’s STAPLEE criteria. This step resulted in a list of acceptable and realistic actions that address the hazards identified in each jurisdiction. This prioritized list of action items was formed by the LPG.
The Prioritized Actions below reflect progress in local mitigation efforts as well as changes in development. The Disaster Mitigation Action of 2000 (at 44 CFR Parts 201 and 206) requires the development of an action plan that not only includes prioritized actions but one that includes information on how the prioritized actions will be implemented. Implementation consists of identifying who is responsible for which action, what kind of funding mechanisms and other resources are available or will be pursued, and when the action will be completed.
The top 23 Prioritized Actions, as well as an implementation strategy for each (i.e., will need a progress report during the next plan update cycle, according to current FEMA requirements), are:
A. Prioritized Action: Limit Development in Floodplains and Other Hazardous Areas: County Department of Public Works will continue to limit development of park structures and facilities in floodplains and other hazardous areas.
• Coordinating Individual/Department: County Department of Public Works • Potential Funding Source: Flood Control District Fund, General Fund, grants • Implementation Timeline: Current- 2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: Flood
B. Prioritized Action: Forest Management: County Parks & Recreation will continue to conduct brush and vegetation management in preserves to reduce fire and flooding risks. • Coordinating Individual/Department: County Department of Parks & Recreation • Potential Funding Source: General Fund and grants
• Implementation Timeline: Current- 2028
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• Hazard(s) Addressed: Wildfire/Structure Fire, Flood
C. Prioritized Action: Invasive and Noxious Weed Control (Vegetation Management): The County Department of Agriculture, Weights & Measures will continue to promote cooperative vegetation management programs that promote hazard mitigation will be critical in continue to mitigate wildfire risks from vegetation. • Coordinating Individual/Department: County Department of Agriculture, Weights & Measures
• Potential Funding Source: Current cost is funded with California Department of Food and Agriculture invasive weed grants, and internal agreements with DPR and DPW • Implementation Timeline: Current- 2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: Wildfire/Structure Fire, Flood
D. Prioritized Action: Climate Change Planning: The County Department of Public Works’ Flood Control District will lead efforts related to downscale modeling, stress testing Flood Control facilities during higher flows, updating County Special Drainage Area (SDA) Master Plans, update of County Hydrology Manual and Hydraulic Design Manual to account for climate change impacts.
• Coordinating Individual/Department: County Department of Public Works’ Flood Control District
• Potential Funding Source: Grants and local funds
• Implementation Timeline: 2023-2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: Climate Change, Flood, Rain-Induced Landslide, Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms/Erosion
E. Prioritized Action: Expansion of Automatic Local Evaluation in Real-Time (ALERT) to Vulnerable and Underserved Communities: The County Department of Public Works’ Flood Control District will lead these efforts.
• Coordinating Individual/Department: County Department of Public Works’ Flood Control District
• Potential Funding Source: Grants and local funds
• Implementation Timeline: 2023-2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: Flood, Dam Failure
F. Prioritized Action: Community Rating System (CRS) Implementation and Improvement:
The County Department of Public Works’ Flood Control District will lead these efforts. • Coordinating Individual/Department: County Department of Public Works’ Flood Control District
• Potential Funding Source: Grants and local funds
• Implementation Timeline: 2023-2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: Flood
G. Prioritized Action: Building Codes: County Planning & Development Services (PDS:
Building Division) will review building codes to reflect current earthquake, fire, and wind standards annually and adopt as necessary to ensure structures are built to withstand hazard events. County staff will attend conferences and industry meetings to better understand changes to codes and after-event support efforts.
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• Coordinating Individual/Department: County Planning & Development Services (Building Division)
• Potential Funding Source: Unknown, potential future grants • Implementation Timeline: Annually
• Hazard(s) Addressed: Wildfire/Structure Fire, Flood, Earthquake/Liquefaction H. Prioritized Action: Hazard Mitigation Action Adoption: County Planning & Development Services (PDS), County Fire, County Technology Office (CTO), County Communications Office (CCO) and County Office of Emergency Services (OES) will publicize and encourage the adoption of appropriate hazard mitigation actions throughout the region. • Coordinating Individual/Department: County Planning & Development Services (PDS), County Fire, County Technology Office (CTO), County Communications Office (CCO) and County Office of Emergency Services (OES)
• Potential Funding Source: General Fund, federal and/or state grants • Implementation Timeline: 2023-2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: All Hazards including, but not limited to, Climate Change, Dam Failure, Drought, Earthquake/Liquefaction, Extreme Heat, Flood, Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE threats)), Rain-Induced Landslide, Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms/Erosion, Tsunami, Wildfire/Structure Fire I. Prioritized Action: MSCP Open Space Acquisitions Efforts: County Department of Parks & Recreation will continue open space acquisition efforts, such as purchasing land that could be preserved/protect natural resources and undeveloped land in high hazard areas. • Coordinating Individual/Department: County Department of Parks & Recreation • Potential Funding Source: General Fund, grants, endowments, etc. • Implementation Timeline: Each Fiscal Year
• Hazard(s) Addressed: All Hazards including, but not limited to, Climate Change, Dam Failure, Drought, Earthquake/Liquefaction, Extreme Heat, Flood, Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE threats)), Rain-Induced Landslide, Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms/Erosion, Tsunami, Wildfire/Structure Fire J. Prioritized Action: Wetland Protection and Restoration Efforts: The County Department of Parks & Recreation will continue wetland protection and restoration efforts. • Coordinating Individual/Department: County Department of Parks & Recreation • Potential Funding Source: General Fund and grants
• Implementation Timeline: Current-2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: Climate Change, Drought, Extreme Heat, Flood, HumanCaused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE threats)), Tsunami
K. Prioritized Action: Agricultural/Livestock Pass Program: The County Department of Agriculture, Weights & Measures will help the County of San Diego establish a countybased program that grants agriculturalists special access to their farms or ranches during disaster.
• Coordinating Individual/Department: County Department of Agriculture, Weights & Measures
• Potential Funding Source: General Fund, Potential future grants Attachment 2
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• Implementation Timeline: Feasibility Analysis 3/2022-6/2022, Program Development 7/2022-12/2022, and Program Implementation 1/2023
• Hazard(s) Addressed: All Hazards including, but not limited to, Climate Change, Dam Failure, Drought, Earthquake/Liquefaction, Extreme Heat, Flood, Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE threats)), Rain-Induced Landslide, Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms/Erosion, Tsunami, Wildfire/Structure Fire L. Prioritized Action: Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan (OA EOP)/Associated Annexes, Regional Emergency Plans, Concept of Operations (ConOps), Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), Emergency Operations Center (EOC) Planning/Training, Work Plans and Charters, and Safety Element (of the County General Plan): The County Office of Emergency Services (OES) will work with the eighteen incorporated cities and participating county departments, special districts and partners to revise, update and complete these plans, projects, technologies and services annually and/or as needed. • Coordinating Individual/Department: County Office of Emergency Services and Planning & Development Services (for the Safety Element of the County General Plan) • Potential Funding Source: General Fund, federal and/or state grants • Implementation Timeline: 2023-2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: All Hazards including, but not limited to, Climate Change, Severe Winter Weather, Dam Failure, Drought, Earthquake/Liquefaction, Extreme Heat, Flood, Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE threats)), Rain-Induced Landslide, Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms/Erosion, Tsunami, Wildfire/Structure Fire
M. Prioritized Action: Excessive Heat Awareness Promotion, Resilience, Adaptation and Mitigation: The County of San Diego, Public Health Services and the Health & Human Services Agency are undertaking initiatives over the next several years to raise awareness around excessive heat and climate change.
• Coordinating Individual/Department: County of San Diego, Public Health Services, and the Health & Human Services Agency
• Potential Funding Source: To be determined
• Implementation Timeline: 2-5 years based on timeline for implementation • Hazard(s) Addressed: Climate Change, Extreme Heat, Drought N. Prioritized Action: Regional Planning Efforts: The County Office of Emergency Services (OES) and participating County departments will streamline policies to eliminate conflicts and duplication of efforts in regional planning efforts (i.e. Hazard Mitigation Plan updates, etc.) by coordinating emergency management activities with regional stakeholders and facilitating meetings on a regular basis with regional emergency managers/the eighteen incorporated cities, healthcare agencies, campus emergency managers, Department of Defense (DOD)/local military partners, Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (VOAD) and faith-based partners.
• Coordinating Individual/Department: County Office of Emergency Services and participating County departments
• Potential Funding Source: General Fund, federal and/or state grants • Implementation Timeline: 2023-2028
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• Hazard(s) Addressed: All Hazards including, but not limited to, Climate Change, Dam Failure, Drought, Earthquake/Liquefaction, Extreme Heat, Flood, Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE threats)), Rain-Induced Landslide, Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms/Erosion, Tsunami, Wildfire/Structure Fire O. Prioritized Action: Training and Exercises: The County Office of Emergency Services (OES) and participating county departments will collaborate with the eighteen incorporated cities and private sector agencies to maintain multi-jurisdictional/multi-functional training and annual exercises.
• Coordinating Individual/Department: The County Office of Emergency Services and participating county departments
• Potential Funding Source: General Fund, federal and/or state grants • Implementation Timeline: 2023-2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: All Hazards including, but not limited to, Climate Change, Dam Failure, Drought, Earthquake/Liquefaction, Extreme Heat, Flood, Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE threats)), Rain-Induced Landslide, Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms/Erosion, Tsunami, Wildfire/Structure Fire P. Prioritized Action: Public Education and Outreach Programs: The County Office of Emergency Services (OES) and County Communication Office (CCO) will develop and maintain hazard mitigation-related public education and outreach programs (i.e. annual defensible space education/outreach, terrorism prevention, erosion control, etc.) • Coordinating Individual/Department: County Office of Emergency Services and County Communication Office
• Potential Funding Source: General Fund, federal and/or state grants • Implementation Timeline: 2023-2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: All Hazards including, but not limited to, Climate Change, Dam Failure, Drought, Earthquake/Liquefaction, Extreme Heat, Flood, Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE threats)), Rain-Induced Landslide, Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms/Erosion, Tsunami, Wildfire/Structure Fire Q. Prioritized Action: Sustainable Department Goals: The County Office of Emergency Services (OES) will continue to research ways to sustainably retain a trained workforce, particularly related to Emergency Operations Center positions. County OES will also continue to research economically sustainable efforts, technologies, equipment, vehicles, and other necessities to reduce the department’s carbon footprint. • Coordinating Individual/Department: County Office of Emergency Services • Potential Funding Source: General fund as grants as available • Implementation Timeline: 2023-2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: All Hazards including, but not limited to, Climate Change, Dam Failure, Drought, Earthquake/Liquefaction, Extreme Heat, Flood, Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE threats)), Rain-Induced Landslide, Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms/Erosion, Tsunami, Wildfire/Structure Fire R. Prioritized Action: Three-Day Preparedness Kits: The County Office of Emergency Services (OES), County Communications Office (CCO), and the County Technology Office Attachment 2
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(CTO) will encourage the public to prepare and maintain a three-day preparedness kit for home and work through outreach events, social media, paid media and earned media. • Coordinating Individual/Department: County Office of Emergency Services, County Communications Office, and the County Technology Office • Potential Funding Source: General Fund, federal and/or state grants • Implementation Timeline: 2023-2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: All Hazards including, but not limited to, Climate Change, Dam Failure, Drought, Earthquake/Liquefaction, Extreme Heat, Flood, Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE threats)), Rain-Induced Landslide, Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms/Erosion, Tsunami, Wildfire/Structure Fire S. Prioritized Action: San Diego County Fire Community Emergency Response Team’s Community Emergency Preparedness Outreach Program: Utilize County Fire’s Community Emergency Response Team (trained and background checked volunteers) to conduct inperson outreach training, events and activities bringing emergency preparedness information to underserved populations in their rural communities. • Coordinating Individual/Department: County Fire
• Potential Funding Source: Grant funds available to Community Emergency Response Teams through San Diego Gas and Electric, the Governor’s California Office of Emergency Services and other one-time grant opportunities. • Implementation Timeline: 2023-2028 and annual Community Emergency Preparedness Outreach.
• Hazard Addressed: All Hazards including, but not limited to, Climate Change, Dam Failure, Drought, Earthquake/Liquefaction, Extreme Heat, Flood, Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE threats)), Rain-Induced Landslide, Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms/Erosion, Tsunami, Wildfire/Structure Fire T. Prioritized Action: Free Residential Knox Box Program: County Fire will integrate the Knox Box Program through outreach efforts with CAL FIRE, participating County departments, Fire Safe Council of San Diego County, and other various stakeholders. • Coordinating Individual/Department: County Fire
• Potential Funding Source: General Fund, federal and/or state grants • Implementation Timeline: 2023-2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: All Hazards including, but not limited to, Climate Change, Dam Failure, Drought, Earthquake/Liquefaction, Extreme Heat, Flood, Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE threats)), Rain-Induced Landslide, Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms/Erosion, Tsunami, Wildfire/Structure Fire U. Prioritized Action: Free Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) Classes/Training for Communities:
County Fire can integrate with partner agencies to offer the WUI course throughout San Diego County. Participating agencies could include CAL FIRE, Bureau of Land Management, US Forest Service, and local Fire Safe Councils. • Coordinating Individual/Department: County Fire
• Potential Funding Source: General Fund, federal and/or state grants • Implementation Timeline: 2023-2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: Wildfire/Structure Fire
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V. Prioritized Action: The California Wildfire Mitigation Program - Home-Hardening Initiative:
County Fire is currently working with the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services to pilot the California Wildfire Mitigation Program (CWMP) Home-Hardening Initiative. The CWMP Home Hardening Initiative aims to perform defensible space and retrofit measures on existing residential homesites to mitigate against wildfire losses. This program targets high social-vulnerability communities and provides financial assistance to qualifying low-and moderate-income (LMI) households. This pilot program will be implemented in three highrisk areas within San Diego County: Dulzura, Potrero, and Campo. • Coordinating Individual/Department: County Fire
• Potential Funding Source: Federal and state grants
• Implementation Timeline: 3-year program (2022-2025); potentially longer subject to the availability of additional funding.
• Hazard(s) Addressed: Wildfire/Structure Fire
W. Prioritized Action: Support Symposiums: The County Office of Emergency Services (OES) and participating county departments will collaborate with the eighteen incorporated cities and the private sector to support public and private sector hazard mitigation planning symposiums.
• Coordinating Individual/Department: The County Office of Emergency Services • Potential Funding Source: General Fund, federal and/or state grants • Implementation Timeline: 2023-2028
• Hazard(s) Addressed: All Hazards including, but not limited to, Climate Change, Dam Failure, Drought, Earthquake/Liquefaction, Extreme Heat, Flood, Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism & Hazardous Materials Incidents (CBRNE threats)), Rain-Induced Landslide, Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms/Erosion, Tsunami, Wildfire/Structure Fire See respective annexes for other jurisdictions’/planning participants’ hazard mitigation Goals, Objectives, Actions/Prioritized Actions, and implementation strategies.
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SECTION SEVEN: Keep the Plan Current
Decorative Image Photo by County OES
San Diego County, California
2023
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7. SECTION SEVEN: KEEP THE PLAN CURRENT
Hazard Mitigation Plan updates provide the opportunity to consider how well the procedures established in the previously approved plan worked and revise them as needed. This plan was last updated in 2018.
This section of the 2023 Plan describes the formal process that will ensure The Plan remains an active and relevant document. The plan maintenance process includes a schedule for monitoring and evaluating the Plan annually and producing a plan revision every five years.
This section describes how the jurisdiction will integrate public participation throughout the plan maintenance process.
7.1. MITIGATION ACTION PROGRESS
This version of the Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan was revised over the past five years to reflect changes in development, progress in local mitigation efforts, and changes in priorities. Generally, hazard priorities remained unchanged, though some hazards’ (such as Climate Change, Drought, and Extreme Heat) prevalence and/or probability of occurrence increased and, therefore, needed an updated Vulnerability Assessment.
All Hazard Profiles were researched for more modern content, data, and details.
This plan’s Goals, Objectives, and Actions were updated from the last version to reflect current priorities within existing plans such as the County Strategic Plan/Initiatives and the County General Plan’s Safety Element.
The 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic negatively affected overall progress on the 2018 plan and actions’ progress, but did not negatively impact the community’s vulnerability because the plan was created in tandem with existing local plans/procedures and thus aided in local government responses and actions to keep communities and assets safe.
Below are progress reports for the eleven priority mitigation actions listed in the 2018 Plan:
1. Action/Project Title: Update Operational Area Emergency Operational Plan (OA EOP) and associated Annexes
Progress Report Period: January 2019 to January 2020
Responsible Agency: The County Office of Emergency Services (County OES) worked with the 18 incorporated cities and participating special districts to revise and update the OA EOP/Annexes.
Project Status: Project delayed
Explain: Project was delayed due to COVID-19 Pandemic needs/priorities and OES staff/Project Manager turnover.
Summary: During the reporting period, the previous County OES project manager(s) conducted meetings to discuss the OA EOP Basic Plan and annex revision suggestions/updates with county departments and partners from the eighteen incorporated cities and special districts. The project is a priority for County OES, but is a large project requiring many staff hours, and collaboration is contingent on the availability of participating project partners.
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This project was managed, at minimum, by three different County OES staff members who left the department, so staff turnover caused deadline obstacles and time delays. Furthermore, County OES was initially responsible for coordinating response and resources for the COVID-19 Pandemic once County OES’ Emergency Operations Center was activated. Therefore, this project, and many others, could no longer be considered a departmental priority, as County OES instead needed to focus on ensuring the safety and well-being of San Diego County community members.
This project is still considered relevant, and revision/update is ongoing. The mention of this project within the updated Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) will be revised to reflect elements eligible for hazard mitigation grant funding, such as (but not limited to), incorporation of passed legislation, cohesive integration with the MJHMP and other existing county/department plans, Emergency Operations Center training, equipment, etc. This project is estimated to be complete by June 30, 2022.
2. Action/Project Title: Develop and maintain public education and outreach programs related to actions community members can take to mitigate hazards they may face. (Annual defensible space education/outreach; terrorism prevention; erosion control, etc.) Progress Report Period: January 2018 to January 2023
Responsible Agency: County Office of Emergency Services (County OES) and County Communications Office (CCO)
Project Status: Completed and Ongoing (but delayed)
Explain: Action/Project has been completed and is also an ongoing effort/action.
Project delayed because priorities shifted due to COVID-19 pandemic. There were also staffing changes.
Summary: There have been staffing changes which limit the ability to report on the full scope of accomplishments for the reporting period. Awareness of accomplishments during this period include developing and posting protective actions community members can take to prepare themselves for emergencies and natural disasters from 2018 and thereon on County OES social media platforms in English and in Spanish, the dissemination of the updated Personal Disaster Plans translated into 12 languages, printing of flyers AlertSanDiego, and the SD Emergency app disseminating these flyers at community events and presentations.
Community members have been encouraged to take appropriate hazard mitigation actions through alert and warning postings and press releases posted to the Ready San Diego website, AlertSanDiego, the SD Emergency app, County News Center articles. Campaigns were also conducted to increase the number of community members registered for AlertSanDiego Lyft (2018). Hazard mitigation messages have been developed, written, and promoted through television interviews in English and Spanish. These messages have also been provided to the Partner Relay network (a group with over 700 individuals) which is made of trusted community organizations who serve San Diego’s diverse, underserved communities, as well as community members with limited English proficiency through emails and trainings provided to the organizations. They can share these messages with the clients they serve. Numerous of these messages have also been translated into Spanish. The goal is to continue these efforts for the next few months leading through 2023.
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The project is typically a priority for County OES, but is a large project requiring many staff hours, and collaboration is contingent on the outreach resources, implemented contracts, translation staff/resources, and funding. This project was managed, at minimum, by two different County OES staff members. One staff member left the department, so staff turnover caused deadline obstacles and time delays.
Furthermore, County OES was initially responsible for coordinating response and resources for the COVID-19 Pandemic once County OES’ Emergency Operations Center was activated. Therefore, this project, and many others, could no longer be considered a departmental priority, as County OES instead needed to focus on ensuring the safety and well-being of San Diego County community members.
Public education, information, outreach and community engagement efforts will continue through January 2023 and include attending presentations on preparedness, supporting staff with documentation and writing of internal documents, materials design & inventory, communications, review of current and past communications messages, draft updated templates with preparedness/hazard mitigation messages, post preparedness messages on social media platforms, preparedness interviews on television, create a Partner Relay capacity plan, Partner Relay Content Creation, Partner Relay train EOC liaisons, conduct countywide preparedness survey, outreach campaigns including on AlertSanDiego, SD Emergency app, and translations of documents from English to Spanish.
3. Action/Project Title: Review the County Consolidated Fire Code annually and update as necessary
Progress Report Period: January 2018 to January 2023
Responsible Agency: County Planning & Development Services and County Fire Project Status: Completed
Summary: The County of San Diego Consolidated Fire Code has been updated twice during the reporting period, with the most recent update taking place in March 2020. This is an ongoing project that is still relevant for inclusion in the San Diego County Hazard Mitigation Plan. San Diego County Fire, in coordination with the County Planning & Development Services Department, will continue reviewing the Consolidated Fire Code on an annual basis and will make updates to the code as needed, or at minimum, will update it once every three years.
4. Action/Project Title: Streamline policies to eliminate conflicts and duplication of effort in regional planning efforts by coordinating emergency management activities with regional stakeholders by facilitating meetings on a regular basis with regional emergency managers, campus emergency managers, DOD partners, Voluntary Agencies Active in Disaster, and faith-based partners.
Progress Report Period: January 2019 to January 2023
Responsible Agency: County Office of Emergency Services (County OES), County Departments, local military, healthcare agencies and the 18 incorporated cities Project Status: Ongoing
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Summary: The County OES’ Volunteer Coordinator, participates in the San Diego VOAD (Volunteer Organizations Active in Disasters) General Meeting on a monthly basis. There, each organization, including the County OES’ representative, give updates on efforts provided within the Operational Area. There are also talks surrounding coordination for efforts needed. Participants of this meeting are made up of local, state, and federal organizations, as well as non-governmental organizations, to include faithed based partners.
The County OES’ Volunteer Coordinator also holds a meeting with non-governmental organizations that make up the County’s Feeding Taskforce every two months. This meeting is designed to discuss organizations’ roles, resources, and capabilities as it pertains to ensuring food security within the region, should the American Red Cross’ feeding operations become overwhelmed.
The County OES Ops Coordinator hosts bimonthly Emergency Managers’ meetings to leverage access to, planning with, and partnership development with the 18 cities, special districts, and other key Emergency Managers.
The County OES Ops Coordinator is managing the deployment of the regional Full Scale Exercise project that will occur in January 2023. Monthly planning meetings started in February 2022, and meetings have attracted and leveraged access to more than 85 key stakeholders at all levels of government and nonprofit agencies working together for a common goal.
The COVID-19 Pandemic caused a lapse in the meetings of these groups, and it has been challenging to gain traction with these meetings. However, this project is still relevant and ongoing. Interactions with these groups play a vital role in County OES’ operations during an Emergency Operations Center (EOC) activation.
5. Action/Project Title: Publicize and encourage the adoption of appropriate hazard mitigation actions throughout the region
Progress Report Period: January 2018 to January 2023
Responsible Agency: County Office of Emergency Services (County OES), County Planning & Development Services, County Fire, County Communications Office, County Technology Office
Project Status: Delayed and Ongoing
Explain: Priorities shifted due to COVID-19 pandemic. There were also staffing changes.
Summary: There have been staffing changes, which limit the ability to report on the full scope of accomplishments for the reporting period. Awareness of accomplishments during this period include developing and posting protective actions community members can take to prepare themselves for emergencies and natural disasters from 2018 and thereon on County OES social media platforms in English and in Spanish, the dissemination of the updated Personal Disaster Plans translated into 12 languages, printing of flyers AlertSanDiego, and the SD Emergency app disseminating these flyers at community events and presentations.
Community members have been encouraged to take appropriate hazard mitigation actions through alert and warning postings and press releases posted to the Ready Attachment 2
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San Diego website, AlertSanDiego, the SD Emergency app, county news center articles. Campaigns were also conducted to increase the number of community members registered for AlertSanDiego Lyft (2018). Hazard mitigation messages have been developed, written, and promoted through television interviews in English and Spanish.
These messages have also been provided to the Partner Relay network (a group with over 700 individuals) which is made of trusted community organizations who serve San Diego’s diverse and underserved neighborhoods, as well as community members with limited English proficiency, through emails and trainings provided to the organizations. They can share these messages with the clients they serve.
Numerous of these messages have also been translated into Spanish. The goal is to continue these efforts for the next few months leading through 2023.
Obstacles, problems, or delays include shift in priorities due to COVID-19 pandemic, staffing changes/staff turnover, completing trainings, the learning curve, competing priority projects, project also requires many staff hours, and collaboration is in part contingent on resources, others, invitations, creating opportunities to share the information with others and potentially funding for incentives to create additional opportunities to share the information with the public.
The project is still relevant and ongoing since the County is still at risk for emergencies and natural disasters and not all community members are informed on the County’s resources, nor on what actions to take to prepare for emergencies and natural disasters before, during and after they occur. Public education, information, outreach and community engagement efforts will continue through January, 2023 and include attending presentations on preparedness, supporting staff with documentation and writing of internal documents, materials design & inventory, communications, review of current and past communications messages, draft updated templates with preparedness/hazard mitigation messages, post preparedness messages on social media platforms, preparedness interviews on television, create a Partner Relay capacity plan, Partner Relay Content Creation, Partner Relay train EOC liaisons, conduct countywide preparedness survey, outreach campaigns including on AlertSanDiego, SD Emergency app, and translations of documents from English to Spanish.
6. Action/Project Title: Building Codes
Progress Report Period: January 1, 2020 to March 30, 2022 Responsible Agency: County of San Diego, County Planning & Development Services (Building Division), and County Fire
Project Status: Completed
Summary: Building codes were reviewed to reflect current earthquake standards annually and update as necessary. County Staff attended jurisdictional conferences related code changes or updates related to seismic and other natural disasters.
Groups included International Code Counsel, County Building Officials Association of California (CBOAC), California Building Officials (Calbo).
This is an ongoing effort, and project is still relevant. Department suggests adding a review of fire and wind standards annually to include the most relevant natural disasters that effect our community.
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7. Action/Project Title: Support public and private sector symposiums that emphasize hazard mitigation planning
Progress Report Period: January 2018 to January 2023
Responsible Agency: County Office of Emergency Services (County OES), County Departments, Cities, and private sector partners
Project Status: Completed and Ongoing
Summary: County OES maintains a support posture of public and private sector symposiums with an emphasis on hazard mitigation. In September 2021, County OES participated with the Air Protection Control District (APCD) and the California Air Resource Board in a symposium tailored around air-quality. County OES also participates quarterly with San Diego Gas & Electric’s (SDG&E’s) Access and Functional Needs team to discuss ways the public can be best prepared for Public Safety Power Shutoffs.
Obstacles, problems, or delays include shift in priorities due to COVID-19 pandemic and staffing changes/staff turnover. The department suggests this project should outline key deliverables and note specifically what is to be accomplished through supporting symposiums.
8. Action/Project Title: Maintain multi-jurisdictional/multi-functional training and annual exercises to enhance hazard mitigation
Progress Report Period: January 2018 to January 2023
Responsible Agency: County Office of Emergency Services (County OES), County Departments, All 18 Cities/appropriate Private Sector Agencies Project Status: Ongoing
Summary: From Fall 2017 to Summer 2018, County OES staff planned and deployed a San Diego Regional Tabletop Exercise (TTX) conducted on June 18, 2018, completing the process with a published AAR/IP (After Action Report / Improvement Plan.) This was the result of a UASI grant proposal from OES.
From Spring 2019 to October 2019, County OES’ team planned a November 6, 2019 San Diego Regional Full Scale Exercise (FSE) across regional agencies at all levels of government and the private sector, in response to priorities of the San Diego MyTEP (Multi-Year Training and Exercise Plan – San Diego Urban Area, 2019-2022.
They completed the process with a published AAR/IP. This was the result of a UASI grant proposal from OES.
From Fall 2020 to July 2021, County OES’ staff also planned a July 27, 2021 San Diego Regional TTX for government and nonprofit agencies across San Diego, with AAR After Action Report improvements in response to priorities of the San Diego MyTEP (Multi-Year Training and Exercise Plan – San Diego Urban Area, 2019-2022.
They completed the process with a published AAR/IP. This was the result of a UASI grant proposal from County OES.
To meet the priorities of San Diego MyTEPs for 2019-2022 and 2022-2025, OES’s team kicked off planning for a January2023 regional FSE (Full Scale Exercise) in December 2021 and are currently hosting monthly planning meetings with large Attachment 2
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regional stakeholder groups, attracting approximately 85 stakeholder agency members. A FSE planning team of about 30 members is now meeting, including all 18 City Emergency managers, and a variety of special districts such as water agencies, airport and ports, USAR (Urban Search and Rescue) team, as well as public safety partners. This exercise prioritizes testing core capabilities testing identified in the MyTEPs and testing regional response plans such as OA EOP, local EOPs and response plans.
The OA and local agency EOC response will be tested for a catastrophic natural and human caused hazard scenario. This FSE will also testing Emergency Public Information through a regional JIC response, EOC activation and response procedures across agencies and jurisdictions, recovery operations and Initial Damage Assessment, alert and warning, regional coordination and communication, terrorism response and infrastructure systems, such as water agency response in emergencies.
County OES staff from 2021 to April 2022, OES planned, developed, and deployed a 6-month long training program for new and existing OES Staffs for the all-hazards response Staff Duty Officer (SDO) program; with subsequent Qualification Board testing for all SDO Under Instruction candidates in April 2022, to certify and deploy them as SDOs for emergency response. Staff had a 100% pass rate through this intensive oral Qual Board and practical hands-on technical test.
From November 2021 to present, the County OES training officer promoted UASI and CSTI training courses to County OES staff, EOC responders and EOC partner agencies, to bolster training for local important courses such as EOC positions Specific training – Planning, management, operations and Finance/Admin, Public Information Officer course, Mass Care courses and Recovery Operations, among others and booked a local EOC Operations and Planning course in the San Diego IA EOC for November 2022.
On April 10, 2022, The County OES Ops Coordinator completed a County OES training program needs assessment to identify areas for improvement, as presented to County OES leadership, and plans are underway to continue to expand training in FY 2022-23.
To meet the priorities of the San Diego MyTEP (Multi-Year Training and Exercise Plan) – San Diego Urban Area, 2019-2022 and 2022-2025, County OES staff planned and conducted the following EOC exercises:
o Hot Wash on Two Coastal Incidents – Tongan Tsunami and Orange / San Diego County Oil Spill and generated After Action Lessons Learned for approximately 25 regional agencies at all levels of government.
o EOC Planning P, EOC Action Plan, Battle Rhythm and EOC Planning TTX 2/23/22
o EOC Operations functional training exercise 3/2/22
o Tongan Tsunami Advisory for San Diego FSE 1/18/22
Projects obstacles, problems and delays Coordinators were hired October 2021; departure of key staffs that managed projects, causing significant delays in initiatives, including Training & Exercises Lead departing.
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Obstacles can arise any time such as when County OES staffs the EOC in emergencies and the two-year long COVID emergency activation caused competing priorities. The COVID emergency activation also delayed access to many training and exercise opportunities nationwide 2020 to 2022, due to social distancing health safety considerations. Other significant EOC activations that also tapped out staffs and changed priorities - wildfire season response, west coast oil spill, west coast tsunami advisory and other emergency EOC activations.
Regional FSE is an Ops Plan goal for fiscal include extensive staff turnover at County OES – five new Emergency Services year 2022, July 1, 2022 – June 30, 2023. Training and Exercise Planning remains a high priority for County OES.
9. Action/Project Title: Review and update annually regional emergency plans, Concept of Operation plans, protocols, and standard operating procedures Progress Report Period: January 2018 to January 2023
Responsible Agency: County Office of Emergency Services (County OES), appropriate county Departments, and all 18 Cities/Special Districts Project Status: Delayed and Ongoing
Explain: Project was delayed due to OES staff turnover.
Summary: County OES created a Plan Revision Schedule which includes an annual cycle where Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), Concept of Operations (ConOps), Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP), Site Evacuation Plan (SEP), Emergency Operations Plan (EOP), and Checklists are reviewed, updated, tested, validated, approved, and trained.
This project is a priority for County OES and is contingent on collaboration with County OES staff members. County OES staff turnover caused deadline obstacles and time delays. This project is still considered relevant, and revisions/updates to regional emergency plans, ConOps, protocols, and SOPs are ongoing. County OES is updating the SOP Library document to include a revision, training, and testing schedule; review and approval process; review checklist; version control measures and storage location; handling confidential information process; and training, testing and validation process.
10. Action/Project Title: Encourage the public to prepare and maintain a 3-day preparedness kit for home and work through outreach events, social media, paid media and earned media.
Progress Report Period: January 2018 to January 2023
Responsible Agency: County Office of Emergency Services (County OES), County Communications Office, and County Technology Office
Project Status: Delayed and Ongoing
Explain: The department is not aware of what would constitute the project as complete. The project could be considered ongoing. Since the potential for emergencies and natural disasters continues, the project still has relevancy. The project could stay the same or potentially be modified to recommend community members ideally prepare a kit with food, water to last at least three days, but three Attachment 2
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days could also be a challenge with current inflation and perhaps that should be considered as well.
Summary: There have been staffing changes which limit the ability to report on the full scope of accomplishments for the reporting period. Awareness of accomplishments during this period include the vast number of files, emails, PowerPoint presentations, and documents left from the previous Public Outreach Specialist would indicate a high-level work ethic to achieve the Office of Emergency Services vision and the essential functions of the position. It should also be noted PowerPoint presentations created prior to the recent staffing changes indicate a recommendation to build a kit to last for 3 to 5 days.
Efforts to achieve this goal are visible in the recently updated Personal Disaster Plans. Page 40 of the plan encourages readers to prepare a home kit to service for at least three days without water or electricity. Additionally, these plans were made to consider individuals with access and functional needs. These disaster plans were translated and available in 12 languages. They are available for free to download from the OES website and are also regularly mailed out to community members who request a hard copy. The PowerPoint was used for a presentation at La Jolla Country Day on November 18, 2021, where the recommendation was made for those in attendance to build a preparedness kit to last 3-5 days. This project could be considered ongoing and be included in current and future public education, information, outreach, and community engagement efforts (These messages can continue to be shared with the public and included in future outreach programming through January 2023).
Obstacles, problems, or delays include shift in priorities due to COVID-19 pandemic, staffing changes/staff turnover, completing trainings, the learning curve, competing priority projects, project also requires many staff hours, and collaboration is in part contingent on resources, others, invitations, creating opportunities to share the information with others and potentially funding for incentives to create additional opportunities to share the information with the public.
11. Action/Project Title: Develop a Climate Action Plan Progress Report Period: January 2018 to January 2023
Responsible Agency: Land Use & Environment Group and County Office of Emergency Services (County OES)
Project Status: Completed
Summary: For further details, please visit the County’s Climate Action Plan website.139F140F140F
145
145
https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/sustainability/cap.html#:~:text=The%20County%20of%20San%20Diego,over%20the %20next%2030%20years.
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7.2. PLAN UPDATE EVALUATION
TABLE 72: PLANNING AND MITIGATION EVALUATION
Plan Section Considerations Explanation
Planning
Process
Should new jurisdictions and/or
districts be invited to participate in
future plan updates?
All jurisdictions within San Diego County are welcome to participate and will continue to be invited to participate in future plan updates.
Have any internal or external
agencies been invaluable to the
mitigation strategy?
All internal and external planning partners are invaluable to our mitigation strategy.
Internal partners assisted most with updating the hazard assessment, mitigation actions, strategies and providing progress reports.
External partner assistance was most helpful related to climate change incorporation into hazards and updating
the hazard assessment.
Can any procedures (e.g., meeting
announcements, plan updates) be
done differently or more efficiently?
County OES recommends allotting more time for all
planning partners to complete FEMA Handbook Tasks 5,
6 and 7 since these sections require greater amounts of time and effort to collaborate with additional team
members, plan/document in-depth
goals/objectives/actions and provide supporting
documentation for previous plan accomplishments.
Has the Planning Team undertaken
any public outreach activities?
The Planning Team conducted public outreach activities
outlined in Section 3 of this plan. Some future public
outreach activities are outlined in Section 6 of this plan, but are not inclusive of all public outreach activities.
How can public participation be
improved?
Public participation may be improved with continued
partner outreach, seminars, surveys, public education
opportunities/presentations and other methods (both
virtual and in-person) outlined in Section 6 of this plan.
Have there been any changes in
public support and/or decision- maker
priorities related to hazard mitigation?
Public feedback details are provided in Section 3 of this plan. Updated priorities and reasoning are covered in
Section 6 and 7 of this plan.
Capability
Assessment
Have jurisdictions adopted new
policies, plans, regulations, or reports
that could be incorporated into this
plan?
Jurisdiction-specific adoptions/incorporations are covered in individual annexes to this plan.
Are there different or additional
administrative, human, technical, and
financial resources available for
mitigation planning?
Not currently. The Planning Team will continue to monitor.
Are there different or new education
and outreach programs and resources
available for mitigation activities?
The Planning Team will continue to monitor and seek
opportunities to facilitate new education and outreach
programs/resources, especially for priority actions outlined in Section 6 of this plan.
Has NFIP participation changed in the
participating jurisdictions?
For NFIP participation, see Sections 1 and 7 of this plan for the County of San Diego and associated plan annexes for all other participating jurisdictions.
Risk
Assessment
Has a natural and/or technical or
human-caused disaster occurred?
Disasters, such as, but not limited to, pandemic disease and wildfires, have occurred during the planning stages of this plan.
Should the list of hazards addressed
in the plan be modified?
Not currently. The Planning Team will continue to monitor, assess, and update as needed.
Are there new data sources and/or
additional maps and studies
Not currently. The Planning Team will continue to monitor, assess, and update as needed.
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Plan Section Considerations Explanation
Risk
Assessment
available? If so, what are they and
what have they revealed?
Should the information be
incorporated into future plan
updates?
Do any new critical facilities or
infrastructure need to be added to the
asset lists?
Not currently. The Planning Team will continue to monitor, assess, and update as needed.
Have any changes in development
trends occurred that could create
additional risks?
See the Development Section of this plan and the 2021
County of San Diego Vulnerability Assessment and
Adaptation Report for a list of policies to minimize new residential development in very-high and high fire hazard severity zones, and increase resilience of existing
development in high-risk areas.
Are there repetitive losses and/or
severe repetitive losses to
document?
According to the 2022 FEMA Repetitive Loss Summary
Report, the County of San Diego has 20 Repetitive Loss
properties, and 3 Severe Repetitive Loss properties.
Plan Section Considerations Explanation
Mitigation
Strategy
Is the mitigation strategy being
implemented as anticipated? Were
the cost and timeline estimates
accurate?
The mitigation strategy experienced delayed
implementation due to some staff/project manager
turnover and decreased time available to plan and
implement. Emergency Operations Center activation for
the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic affected timeline estimates.
Should new mitigation actions be
added to the Action Plan? Should
existing mitigation actions be revised
or eliminated from the plan?
Not currently. The Planning Team will continue to monitor, assess, and update as needed.
Are there new obstacles that were not
anticipated in the plan that will need to
be considered in the next plan
update?
Not currently. The Planning Team will continue to monitor, assess, and update as needed.
Are there new funding sources to
consider?
Not currently. The Planning Team will continue to monitor, assess, and update as needed.
Have elements of the plan been
incorporated into other planning
mechanisms?
Yes, e.g., the Emergency Operations Plan and other
County emergency plans.
Plan
Maintenance
Procedures
Was the plan monitored and
evaluated as anticipated?
The plan was monitored and evaluated as anticipated.
However, it would have been more helpful to the Planning Team to have more time to complete Sections 5-7 of this plan, which will be accounted for in the next planning
cycle.
What are needed improvements to
the procedures?
None currently. The Planning Team will continue to
monitor, assess, and update as needed.
7.3. PLAN MAINTENANCE, MONITORING, EVALUATION, & UPDATES Hazard Mitigation Plan maintenance is the process the Planning Team establishes to track the plan’s implementation progress and to inform the plan update. The plan must include a description of the method and schedule for monitoring, evaluating, and updating it within a 5- year cycle. These procedures help to:
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• Ensure that the mitigation strategy is implemented according to the plan. • Provide the foundation for an ongoing mitigation program in your community. • Standardize long-term monitoring of hazard-related activities. • Integrate mitigation principles into community officials’ daily job responsibilities and department roles.
• Maintain momentum through continued engagement and accountability in the plan’s progress.
7.3.1 PLAN MONITORING
Plan monitoring means tracking the implementation of the plan over time. The plan must identify how, when, and by whom the plan will be monitored.
The Hazard Mitigation Planning Group (HMPG) participants listed in Section 2 of this plan will be responsible for monitoring the plan annually for updates to jurisdictional goals, objectives, and action items. If needed, these participants will coordinate through the County Office of Emergency Services (County OES) to integrate these updates into the Plan. County OES will be responsible for monitoring the Plan for updates on an annual basis.
Status of this plan’s Mitigation Goals, Objectives, and Actions are tracked annually by County OES via a five-year cycle project plan and charter created by County OES. Every year, County OES will ask planning participants named in Section 2 of this plan to report on the status of their projects, the success of various implementation processes, difficulties encountered, success of coordination efforts, and strategies that should be revised.
7.3.2. PLAN EVALUATION
The Plan is evaluated by the County Office of Emergency Services (County OES) and by each participating jurisdiction annually to determine the effectiveness of programs, and to reflect changes in land development or programs that may affect mitigation priorities. This includes re-evaluation by Hazard Mitigation Planning Group (HMPG) leads (or their select jurisdictional representative) based upon the initial STAPPLEE criteria used to draft goals, objectives, and action items for each jurisdiction. County OES and city representatives also review the goals and action items to determine their relevance to changing situations in the county, as well as changes in State or Federal regulations and policy.
County OES and jurisdictional representatives review the risk assessment portion of the Plan to determine if this information should be updated or modified, given any new available data.
The coordinating organizations responsible for the various action items will report on the status of their projects, the success of various implementation processes, difficulties encountered, success of coordination efforts, and which strategies should be revised.
Any updates or changes necessary will be forwarded by planning participants to County OES for inclusion in further updates to the Plan. The HMPG and each Local Mitigation Planning Team meet annually to discuss the status of this Plan.
7.3.3. PLAN UPDATES
Since this Plan’s original adoption in 2005 the Hazard Mitigation Planning Group (HMPG) has participated in an annual review. This process was continued after the adoption of the 2010 Attachment 2
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plan. The review details all mitigation actions that were deferred, begun, continued, or completed during that calendar year. In the past five years, there has been considerable progress made with the successful completion of most action items developed by the participating jurisdictions. Section 7.1 details the status of the action items from the 2018 plan.
This review process has been effective in identifying gaps and shortfalls in funding, support, and other resources. It has also allowed for the re-prioritization of specific actions as circumstances change. It allows each participating jurisdiction to maintain the plan as a living document. This review process has enabled the HMPG to improve the document by eliminating actions that have been completed, adding new actions that have been identified since the plan’s adoption and reprioritizing other actions to reflect new priorities and/or constraints. The negative side of this review process is that it is time consuming, pulling staff away from their day-to-day responsibilities.
The County Office of Emergency Services (County OES) will continue to be the responsible agency for updates to the Plan, and responsible for monitoring the Plan for updates on an annual basis. All HMPG participants will continue to be responsible to provide County OES with jurisdictional-level updates to the Plan annually or when/if necessary, as described above.
Status of this plan’s Mitigation Goals, Objectives, and Actions are tracked annually by County OES via a five-year cycle project plan and charter created by County OES. Every year, County OES will ask planning participants named in Section 2 of this plan to report on the status of their projects, the success of various implementation processes, difficulties encountered, success of coordination efforts, and strategies that should be revised.
Every five years the plan will be updated and submitted to existing authorities outlined in Section 1 of this plan and Cal OES and FEMA for review.
Below is a general five-year timeline of when and how this plan will be updated, per FEMA guidelines and requirements outlined within FEMA’s “Local Mitigation Planning Handbook” 146:
❖ YEAR 1 (FEBRUARY 7, 2023-DECEMBER 31, 2023):
• Complete FEMA Task 1 (“Determine the Planning Area and Resources”) • Complete FEMA Task 2 (“Build the Planning Team”)
• Start FEMA Task 3 (“Create an Outreach Strategy)
❖ YEAR 2 (JANUARY 1, 2024-DECEMBER 31, 2024):
• Complete FEMA Task 3 (“Create an Outreach Strategy)
• Complete FEMA Task 4 (“Review Community Capabilities”) • Start FEMA Task 5 (“Conduct a Risk Assessment”)
❖ YEAR 3 (JANUARY 1, 2025-DECEMBER 31, 2025):
• Complete FEMA Task 5 (“Conduct a Risk Assessment”)
• Start FEMA Task 6 (“Develop A Mitigation Strategy”)
❖ YEAR 4 (JANUARY 1, 2026-DECEMBER 31, 2026):
• Complete FEMA Task 6 (“Develop A Mitigation Strategy”) 146 https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/fema-local-mitigation-planning-handbook_03-2013.pdf.
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• Complete FEMA Task 7 (“Keep the Plan Current”)
❖ YEAR 5 (JANUARY 1, 2027-FEBRUARY 7, 2028)
• Complete FEMA Task 8 (“Review and Adopt the Plan”)
• Complete FEMA Task 9 (“Create a Safe and Resilient Community”)
7.3.4. IMPLEMENTATION THROUGH EXISTING PROGRAMS AND OTHER
PLANNING MECHANISMS
County and local jurisdictions have implemented most of the Priority Actions from the 2018 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) through existing programs and procedures. Planning participants used (and will continue to use) this plan as a baseline of information related to priority hazards impacting their jurisdictions, to identify vulnerable communities and critical assets, and plan for their protection. The planning participants have also been able to refer to existing institutions, integrations, plans, policies, and ordinances defined for each jurisdiction, which was outlined in Section 2 of this plan (e.g., General Plan).
After regional adoption of this MJHMP update, planning participants will incorporate this plan into their General Plans and/or other comprehensive plans and procedures as those plans require review and revisions. Some of those documents will implement and/or be informed by this plan, which include (and are not limited to):
• San Diego County/Cities General Plans & Safety Element o Required incorporation of this plan’s 2018 and 2023 updates, including evacuation information and priority hazards into the County’s Safety Element (lead by Planning & Development Services) to demonstrate progress of local hazard mitigation efforts and ensure compliance with the California Government Code. Plan leads (listed in Section 2 of this plan) met as needed to collaborate on cohesive updates, then discuss how and where to include the update within their respective plans.140F14F14F
147
• County Legislative Program
o The vulnerability assessments, priority hazards, Goals, Objectives, and Actions/Priority Actions from this plan update helped the Office of Emergency Services’ planning group inform the County Legislative Program’s Priority Issues and Policy Guidelines through the addition of mitigation considerations and an allhazard approach to disaster planning and legislation support.14F142F142F 148
• San Diego County Evacuation and Sheltering Plans
o This plan’s priority hazards, hazard profiles, hazard mitigation actions/priority actions, and vulnerability assessments inform evacuation and sheltering plans to account for the safety of people and assets during all-hazard scenarios to the furthest extent feasible. Implementation of this plan’s update ensure compliance with existing federal and state legislation.
• San Diego County Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan 2022 o Hazard information from the MJHMP update was incorporated into the 2022 County of San Diego Operational Emergency Operations Plan (OA EOP) update. 147 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/pds/generalplan/GP-Progress-Reports.html#ProgressReports 148 https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/cao/edga.html Attachment 2
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All high significance hazards identified in the MJHMP update were addressed in the 2022 OA EOP update.
• State & Federal Hazard Mitigation Programs
o Members from the Office of Emergency Services’ planning group participated in interviews with Cal OES to share planning experiences and best practices from this plan’s update, provide feedback on the State & Federal Hazard Mitigation Program, and provide recommendations for program and plan improvement.
Task Four of the FEMA Local Mitigation Handbook, Sections 1, 2, 4, and 7 of this plan, and jurisdiction-specific annexes describe the process by which local governments will integrate the requirements of the mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms, such as comprehensive or capital improvement plans. The County of San Diego specifically meets with all necessary partners to collaborate on planning mechanisms/updates, conducts an approval process through the public, department leadership, Unified Disaster Council (UDC) voting/approval, then Board of Supervisor and other elected official approval. All listed steps were conducted on necessary and required bases.
The administrative and technical capabilities of the County, as discussed in Sections 2 and 4 of this plan, provide an identification of the staff, personnel, and department resources available to implement the actions identified in Section 6 of this plan.
Specific resources reviewed include those involving technical personnel such as planners/engineers with knowledge of land development and land management practices, engineers trained in construction practices related to building and infrastructure, planners, and engineers with an understanding of natural or human-caused hazards, floodplain managers, surveyors, personnel with GIS skills and scientists familiar with hazards in the community.
7.3.5. RESPONSE PLANS
Several other operational or functional response plans are also influenced by information contained in this plan. These plans include but are not limited to:
General Plan, Safety Element and Emergency Operations Plan, Annex Q – Evacuation: A review of the vulnerability and estimated losses detailed in the hazard profiles can help identify evacuation routes and locations, and their capacity, safety, and viability in different emergency scenarios.
These plans inform this plan by helping the Planning Group evaluate the impacts of multiple or cascading hazards, so that evacuees are not relocated into an area that puts them at risk from other hazards.
7.3.6. CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
The 2018 plan was posted on the Hazard Mitigation page of the San Diego County Office of Emergency Services (County OES) webpage, and the public has always been encouraged to comment on the plan online. Once approved, this revised plan will be posted on the Hazard Mitigation webpage of the County OES website and participating jurisdictions will have links to the Plan on their websites.
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The participating jurisdictions and special districts continue to be dedicated to involving the public directly in the review process and updates of the Plan. A maintenance committee made up of a representative from County OES and a representative from each participating jurisdiction is responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and updating the Plan as described above. During all phases of plan maintenance, the public will have the opportunity to provide feedback.
In addition, hard copies of the plan are catalogued and kept by the appropriate agencies in the county. The existence and location of these copies are also posted on the county website. To facilitate public comments, the County OES Hazard Mitigation webpage contains an email address for the public’s use, which is monitored daily by County OES staff. Any questions or comments received on this website are forwarded to the appropriate member(s) of the HMPG for their review and response. County OES also tracks public comments on this plan.
A press release requesting public comments is also issued for each update, and after each evaluation. County OES also uses social media (Facebook, Twitter, etc.) to notify the public of any changes they should be aware of. These notifications direct people to the Hazard Mitigation webpage, where the public can review proposed changes.
Coupled with the dedicated email address for comments, this provides the public a simple, easily accessible manner to express concerns, opinions, or ideas about any updates/changes that are proposed to the Plan.
County OES will continue to be responsible for publicizing any changes to the Plan and maintaining public involvement.
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APPENDICES 304
APPENDICES
Decorative Image Photo by County OES, Rob Andolina
San Diego County, California
2023
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APPENDICES 305
APPENDIX 1. BASE DATA SOURCES 2021
TYPE SECTION SOURCES CREDITS HAZUS
CLASSIFICATIONS EXCLUSIONS NOTES/ASSUMPTIONS
INFRASTRUCTURE
OIL/GAS
PIPELINES
Homeland Infrastructure
Foundation- Level Data
(HIFLD) - NG PIPELINES
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency (NGA) Buried Pipelines
Homeland Infrastructure
Foundation- Level Data
(HIFLD) - PETROLEUM
PIPELINES
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency (NGA) Pipelines
RAILROA
D TRACKS
SDE.SANGIS.RAILROAD -
RAIL_TYPE =
'TRAIN'
San Diego Association of
Governments
(SANDAG)
Railway Tracks
Excluded defunct
freight lines SDE.SANGIS.RAILROAD -
RAIL_TYPE =
'TROLLEY'
San Diego Association of
Governments
(SANDAG)
Light Rail Tracks
HIGHWAY California Department of
Transportation
California Department of
Transportation
Highway Roads (Major
Roads + Urban Roads)
CRITICAL FACILITIES
AIRPORT
FACILITIE
S
SDE.SANGIS.AIR_AIRPORT
S + web SanGIS + Google, etc.
Control Towers +
Terminal Buildings
+ Parking Structures +
Fuel Facilities +
Maint/Hangar Facilities
+ Runways + Other
Excluded military
and private facilities
Terminals-Large
SDE.SANGIS.AIR_AIRPORT
S + web SanGIS + Google, etc. Terminals-Small
SDE.SANGIS.AIR_AIRPORT
S + web SanGIS + Google, etc. Control Towers
SDE.SANGIS.AIR_AIRPORT
S + web SanGIS + Google, etc.
Runways: Asphalt -- includes
major
taxi-ways
SDE.SANGIS.AIR_AIRPORT
S + web SanGIS + Google, etc. Strips: Dirt, gravel, etc.
BRIDGES
Homeland Infrastructure
FoundationLevel Data (HIFLD) - Railroad
Bridges
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency
(NGA) By
material/design/length
and by light
rail/railroad/highway
Excluded any on
military bases, and
on reservations if
not major road or
greater
Added some highway bridges
from imagery/NBI/SDE. No
rail bridges were added as the
data showed no new ones
Homeland Infrastructure
FoundationLevel Data (HIFLD) - National
Bridge Inventory
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency (NGA)
SDE.SANGIS.BRIDGES SanGIS
BUS
FACILITIE
S
Homeland Infrastructure
Foundation- Level Data
(HIFLD) - Amtrak Stations
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency (NGA)
Urban Station + Fuel
Facility + Dispatch
Facility + Maintenance
Facility
HAZUS + web
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
(FEMA) + Google, etc.
SDE.SANGIS.TRAN_STOPS_
SG + web SanGIS + Google, etc.
COMMUNI
CATION
FACILITIE
S/
UTILITIES
Homeland Infrastructure
Foundation- Level Data
(HIFLD) - AM Antennas +
HAZUS
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency (NGA)
Central Offices +
Stations/Transmitters
(AM or FM, TV
stations, Weather
stations, Other)
AM Antennas from previous
analysis matched current
HSIP/HAZUS data
Homeland Infrastructure
Foundation- Level Data
(HIFLD) - FM Antennas +
HAZUS
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency (NGA)
FM Antennas from previous
analysis matched current
HSIP/HAZUS data (two
stations on reservation land
were excluded as well)
Homeland Infrastructure
Foundation- Level Data
(HIFLD) - TV Digital
Transmitters + HAZUS
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency (NGA)
Added one digital TV
transmitter up near San
Marcos from HAZUS datalooked it up on FCC website
and is active
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APPENDICES 306
Homeland Infrastructure
Foundation- Level Data
(HIFLD) - Broadband
Transmitters
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency (NGA)
Analog transmitters are no
longer in use as of July 2021
No changes
Homeland Infrastructure
Foundation- Level Data
(HIFLD)- Weather Stations
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency (NGA) Added for 2021- only 1
station
ELECTRIC
POWER
FACILITIE
S
CEC - PP_SD California Energy
Commission
Transmission
Substations +
Distribution Circuits +
Generation
Plants
Excluded private
facilities Power plants
CEC - Substation_SD California Energy
Commission
Substations on
reservations NOT
excluded
(Campo)
Substations
TYPE SECTION SOURCES CREDITS HAZUS
CLASSIFICATIONS EXCLUSIONS NOTES/ASSUMPTIONS
CRITICAL FACILITIES, continued
(EMERGEN
CY
RESPONSE)
EMERGENC
Y
CENTERS,
FIRE
STATIONS,
POLICE
STATIONS
Homeland Infrastructure
Foundation- Level Data
(HIFLD) -
Local_EmergencyOperations
Centers
+SDE.SANGIS.FACILITY_CRI
TICAL
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency
(NGA) + SanGIS
Emergency Operation
Center
Includes 4 alternate locations
SDE.SANGIS.FIRE_STATION SanGIS Fire Station
Excluded military
and reservation
facilities
SDE.SANGIS.FACILITY_CRIT
ICAL + SDE.SANGIS.PLACES
+ web +
SDE.SANGIS.LAW_FACILITY
SanGIS Police Station
Excluded military
and reservation
facilities
Included Customs + Border
Patrol
GOVERNME
NT
OFFICE/CIV
IC CENTER
SDE.SANGIS.FACILITY_CRITI
CAL +
SDE.SANGIS.PLACES +
visual/web analysis
SanGIS + Google, etc.
HAZUS: From General
Building Stock - GOV1I
(General Services) - not
GOV2I (Emergency
Response)
Excluded military
and reservation
facilities, and any
facilities already
covered by
Emergency
Response group
HOSPITALS
/
CARE
FACILITIES
SDE.SANGIS.FACILITY_CRITI
CAL +
SDE.SANGIS.PLACES +
visual/web analysis
SanGIS + Google, etc.
Hospitals
(Small/Medium/Large) +
Medical Clinics (Clinics,
Labs, Blood Banks)
Excluded hospitals
without ER facilities
PORT
FACILITIES
Homeland Infrastructure
Foundation- Level Data
(HIFLD) - Ports
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency
(NGA)
Waterfront Structures +
Cranes/Cargo Handling
Equipment +
Warehouses + Fuel
Facilities
Excluded private
facilities/marinas
NAV_UNIT_N = '32ND ST.
NAVAL BASE' OR
NAV_UNIT_N = 'SAN DIEGO
UNIFIED PORT DISTRICT,
BROADWAY PIER' -- used
central port locations, not
separate wharf/pier locations
POTABLE
WATER
FACILITIES
HAZUS + web
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
(FEMA) + local
governments + Google,
etc.
Pumping Plants +
Wells + Water Storage
Tanks (0.5MGD to
2MGD) + Water
Treatment Plants
(Large/Med/Small)
Treatment Plants - included
Carlsbad desalination facility
(near complete)
SDE.SANGIS.HYD_LAKE SanGIS Reservoirs (without adjacent plants)
WASTE
WATER
FACILITIES HAZUS + web
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
(FEMA) + local
governments + Google,
etc.
Treatment Plants
(Large/Med/Small)
+ Lift Stations
(Large/Med/Small)
Treatment Plants
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 385
APPENDICES 307
RAIL
FACILITIES
Homeland Infrastructure
FoundationLevel Data (HIFLD) -
Intermodal
Terminal Facilities
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency
(NGA)
Railway: Urban Station
+ Fuel Facility+
Dispatch Facility +
Maintenance Facility
Light Rail: DC
Substation + Dispatch
Facility + Maintenance
Facility
Terminal Facilities
Homeland Infrastructure
Foundation- Level Data
(HIFLD) - Amtrak Stations
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency
(NGA)
Amtrak Stations
Homeland Infrastructure
FoundationLevel Data (HIFLD) - Railroad
Yards + web
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency
(NGA) + Google, etc.
Yard Facilities
SDE.SANGIS.TRAN_STOPS_
SG + web
San Diego Association of
Governments
(SANDAG) + Google, etc.
Sprinter Stations
Homeland Infrastructure
Foundation- Level Data
(HIFLD) - Fixed-Guideway
Transit Stations +
SDE.SANGIS.TRAN_STOPS_
SG + web
National Geospatial
Intelligence Agency
(NGA) + San Diego
Association of
Governments (SANDAG)
+ Google, etc.
Transit Centers
SCHOOLS
SDE.SANGIS.PARCELS_ALL SanGIS Grade Schools +
Colleges/Universities
(HAZUS data for SD is
only grade schools --
not
colleges/universities)
Excluded any on
military bases and
reservation land
Excluded
SOCtypes:
Alternative Schools
of
Choice,
Continuation High
Schools, County
removed any that had
closed- used CA dept of ed
GIS to get updated schools
and enrollments
Community Analyst Dun & Bradstreet, via Esri
Excluded private
facilities and trade
schools
Homeland Infrastructure
Foundation- Level Data
(HIFLD)- Type 1
universities/jr colleges only
TYPE SECTION SOURCES CREDITS HAZUS
CLASSIFICATIONS EXCLUSIONS NOTES/ASSUMPTIONS
POPULATION +
BUILDINGS
POPULATIO
N
2019 Census U.S. Census Bureau Buried Pipelines
RESIDENTIA
L
BUILDINGS
SDE.SANGIS.PARCELS_
ALL
SanGIS
Used an overlay of
LANDUSE_SG to
find residential
parcels as ASR field
is deprecated
COMMERCIA
L BUILDINGS Community Analyst Dun & Bradstreet, via Esri Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 386
APPENDICES 308
APPENDIX 2. HAZARD DATA SOURCES 2021
NAME SOURCES QUERY (IF ANY) NOTES (INCL. CREDITS)
Coastal
Storm/Erosion HYD_FLOODPL FLD_ZONE = 'VE' Federal Emergency ManagementAgency (FEMA) Dam Failure HYD_DAM_INUNDATION_DSO
D
California Office of Emergency
Services, County of San Diego,
Division of Safety of Dams
100-Year
Earthquake HAZUS, USGS
Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA; HAZUS); soil from
U.S. Geological Survey VS30 data -
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/a
pps/vs30/custom.php
500-Year
Earthquake HAZUS, USGS
Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA; HAZUS); soil from
U.S. Geological Survey VS30 data -
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/a
pps/vs30/custom.php
Probabilistic
Annualized
Earthquake
HAZUS, USGS
Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA; HAZUS); soil from
U.S. Geological Survey VS30 data -
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/a
pps/vs30/custom.php
Rose Canyon
M6.9 Scenario HAZUS, USGS U.S. Geological Survey- ShakeMaps 100-Year Flood HYD_FLOODPL FLOOD_PLAI = 'FP100' OR
FLOOD_PLAI = 'FW100'
Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA)
500-Year Flood HYD_FLOODPL FLOOD_PLAI = 'FP500' Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Rain-Induced
Landslide (High
Risk)
GEO_LANDSLIDE_CN
soil_slip_risk = 'High' OR
state_landslide_cat = 'Most
Susceptible' OR
GABRO_SLOPE = 'YES'
State of California, U.S. Geological
Survey, Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA;
HAZUS) and County of San Diego
Rain-Induced
Landslide
(Moderate Risk)
GEO_LANDSLIDE_CN
(soil_slip_risk = 'Moderate' OR
state_landslide_cat =
'Marginally Susceptible') AND
GABRO_SLOPE = ''
State of California, U.S. Geological
Survey, Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA;
HAZUS) and County of San Diego
Wildfire Hazard
Severity Zones
FIRE_HAZARD_SEVERITY_ZON
ES
Definition qeuried to only show
high and very high fire
zones
Used composite version provided
directly from CAL FIRE Fire
Resource Assessment Program
(FRAP) Team
Sea Level Rise
(Coastal
Flooding)
Areas inundated by unimpeded
Pacific coastal flooding under a
scenario of 1.4-meter (55-inch)
sea-level rise
Pacific Institute --
http://www2.pacinst.org/
Sea Level Rise
(MHHW)
Area inundated by mean higher
high water (MHHW) under 1.4-
meter (55-inch) sea-level rise
scenario
Pacific Institute --
http://www2.pacinst.org/
Tsunami HYD_TSUNAMI_INUNDATION_
AREA
California Emergency Management
Agency (CalEMA), University of
Southern California (USC) and
California Geological Survey (CGS)
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 387
APPENDICES 309
APPENDIX 3. OTHER SOURCES/REFERENCES
ABAG Dam Failure Inundation Hazards Guide,
http://www.abag.ca.gov/bayarea/eqmaps/damfailure/dfguide.html Bainbridge, David 1997. The Flood Next Time. The San Diego Earth Times Web Page:
http://www.sdearthtimes.com/et1097/et1097s1.html
California Department of Boating and Waterways and SANDAG, 1994. Shoreline Erosion Assessment and Atlas of the San Diego Region, Volumes I and II. Edited by Reinhard E.
Flick, PhD.
California Earthquake History 1769-Present
Earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/sca/ca_eqs.php
City of Fort Collins Dam Failure Webpage, http://www.ci.fort-collins.co.us/oem/damfailure.php California Coastal Commission Draft Sea Level Rise Policy Guidance (2013) http://www.coastal.ca.gov/climate/slr/guidance/CCC_Draft_SLR_Guidance_PR_101420
13.pdf
California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology 1990. Planning Scenario for a Major Earthquake, San Diego-Tijuana Metropolitan Area. Special Publication 100.
California Department of Water Resources, Dam Safety,
http://www.water.ca.gov/damsaefty/docs/fault.pdf
California Environmental Protection Agency and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 2013. “Indicators of Climate Change in California.” Climate Education Partners, 2014. “San Diego, 2050 Is Calling. How Will We Answer?” County of San Diego, Department of Sanitation and Flood Control. Storms in San Diego County.
FEMA 2002. State and Local Mitigation Planning How-to Guide. September 2002, FEMA 386-1.
FEMA 1999. HAZUS 99 Earthquake Loss Estimation Methodology User Manual-ArcView.
Developed by FEMA through arrangements with National Institute of Building Sciences.
Frankel, Arthur, Mueller, Charles, Barnhard, Theodore, Perkins, David, Leyendecker, E.V., Dickman, Nancy, Hanson, Stanley, and Hopper, Margaret, 1997, Seismic-hazard maps for the conterminous United States, Map C - Horizontal Peak Acceleration with 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-131- C.
http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/eq/html/data.html
Garfin, G., G. Franco, H. Blanco, A. Comrie, P. Gonzalez, T. Piechota, R. Smyth, and R.
Waskom, 2014: Ch. 20: Southwest. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, J. M. Melillo, Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and G. W.
Yohe, Eds., U.S. Global Change Research Program, 462-486. doi:10.7930/J08G8HMN.
Governor’s Office of Emergency Services 2003. Interim Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance for California Local Governments. Prepared for the DRC April 21-23, 2003.
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 388
APPENDICES 310
Hawk, R.N., and Christiansen, T.P., 1991, City of San Diego Ordinances and Regulations with Respect to Geotechnical and Geological Hazards, in Environmental Perils, San Diego Region, Abbott, P.L., and Elliott, W.J., editors, San Diego Association of Geologists
Higbee, Melissa, Daniel Cayan, Sam Iacobellis, Mary Tyree (2014). Report from San Diego Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Training Workshop #1: Climate Change and Hazards in San Diego. ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability. Accessed July 7, 2014. http://www.icleiusa.org/library/documents/training-workshop-report/view Institute for Business and Life Safety, Tampa FL, July 2008 Mega Fires: The Case for Mitigation, The Witch Creek Fire, October 21-31, 2007
IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M.
Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)].
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Leighton & Associates, 1983, Seismic Safety Study for the City of San Diego, City of San Diego General Plan
Journal of San Diego History 2002. Dry Rivers, Dammed Rivers and Floods: An Early History of the Struggle Between Droughts and Floods in San Diego. Winter 2002, Volume 48, Number 1. http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/2002-1/hill.htm National Association of Counties April 2009. “A Snapshot of the Impact of the Recession on Large, Urban Counties”.
Office of Emergency Services 2014. Unified San Diego County Emergency Services Organization Operational Area Emergency Plan.
San Diego’s Changing Climate: A Regional Wake-Up Call. A Summary of the Focus 2050 Study Presented by The San Diego Foundation
San Diego Natural History Museum Web Page 2003. Faults and Earthquakes in San Diego County. Thomas A. Demere, Ph.D: Curator of Paleontology. http://www.sdnhm.org/research/paleontology/sdfaults.html Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future (2012). http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13389 South Carolina Emergency Management Division. South Carolina Emergency Operations Plan Appendix 4 South Carolina Dam Failure and Preparedness Plan. February 2009 Stroh, Robert C. editor., 2001: Coastal processes and Engineering Geology of San Diego, California, San Diego Association of Geologists, Sunbelt Publications U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1993.
Tsunamis affecting the West Coast of the United States 1806-1992. KGRD 29.
Walsh, J., D. Wuebbles, K. Hayhoe, J. Kossin, K. Kunkel, G. Stephens, P. Thorne, R. Vose, M. Wehner, J. Willis, D. Anderson, S. Doney, R. Feely, P. Hennon, V. Kharin, T.
Knutson, F. Landerer, T. Lenton, J. Kennedy, and R. Somerville, 2014: Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, J. M. Melillo, Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and G. W. Yohe, Eds., U.S.
Global Change Research Program, 19-67. doi:10.7930/J0KW5CXT.
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 389
APPENDICES 311
APPENDIX 4. SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY REFERENCES,
UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO
Aguilera, R., Gershunov, A., & Benmarhnia, T. (2019). Atmospheric rivers impact California’s coastal water quality via extreme precipitation. Science of The Total Environment, 671, 488–494. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.318 Aguilera, R., Gershunov, A., Ilango, S. D., Guzman-Morales, J., & Benmarhnia, T. (2020a).
Santa Ana Winds of Southern California Impact PM2.5 With and Without Smoke From Wildfires. GeoHealth, 4(1), e2019GH000225.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GH000225
Aguilera, R., Hansen, K., Gershunov, A., Ilango, S., Sheridan, P., and Benmarhnia, T. (2020).
Respiratory Hospitalizations and Wildfire Smoke: A spatio-temporal analysis of an extreme firestorm in San Diego County, California. Environmental Epidemiology, 4, doi:
10.1097/EE9.0000000000000114.
Aguilera, R., Corringham, T., Gershunov A., and Benmarhnia, T., (2021). Wildfire smoke impacts respiratory health much more than fine particles from other sources:
observational evidence from Southern California. Nature Communications. 12:1493, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21708.
Aguilera, R., Corringham, T., Gershunov, A., Leibel S., and Benmarhnia, T. (2021). Fine Particles in Wildfire Smoke and Pediatric Respiratory Health in California. Pediatrics. 147(4):e2020027128.
Analitis, A., Michelozzi, P., D’Ippoliti, D., de’Donato, F., Menne, B., Matthies, F., Atkinson, R.
W., Iñiguez, C.,
Basagaña, X., Schneider, A., Lefranc, A., Paldy, A., Bisanti, L., & Katsouyanni, K. (2014). Effects of Heat Waves on Mortality: Effect Modification and Confounding by Air Pollutants. Epidemiology, 25(1), 15–22. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24759018 Barnard, P. L., Hoover, D., Hubbard, D. M., Snyder, A., Ludka, B. C., Allan, J., Kaminsky, G.
M., Ruggiero, P., Gallien, T. W., Gabel, L., McCandless, D., Weiner, H. M., Cohn, N., Anderson, D. L., & Serafin, K. A. (2017). Extreme oceanographic forcing and coastal response due to the 2015–2016 El Niño. Nature Communications, 8, 14365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14365
Basu, R. (2009). High ambient temperature and mortality: a review of epidemiologic studies from 2001 to 2008. Environmental Health, 8(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-8- 40 Bouchama, A., Dehbi, M., Mohamed, G., Matthies, F., Shoukri, M., & Menne, B. (2007).
Prognostic Factors in Heat Wave–Related Deaths: A Meta-analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167(20), 2170–2176. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.20.ira70009 Bromirski, P. D., Miller, A. J., & Flick, R. E. (2012). Understanding North Pacific sea level trends. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 93(27), 249–251. https://doi.org/doi:10.1029/2012EO270001
Bromirski, P. D., Miller, A. J., Flick, R. E., & Auad, G. (2011). Dynamical suppression of sea level rise along the Pacific coast of North America: Indications for imminent acceleration.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 116(C7).
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006759
Attachment 2
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APPENDICES 312
Burillo, D., Chester, M., Pincetl, S., Fournier, E., Reich, K., & Hall., A. (2018). Climate Change in Los Angeles County: Grid Vulnerability to Extreme Heat. In California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment.
Burillo, D., Chester, M. v, Pincetl, S., Fournier, E. D., & Reyna, J. (2019). Forecasting peak electricity demand for Los Angeles considering higher air temperatures due to climate change. Applied Energy, 236, 1–9.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.039 Cao, Q., Gershunov, A., Shulgina, T., Ralph, F. M., Sun, N., & Lettenmaier, D. P. (2020).
Floods due to Atmospheric Rivers along the U.S. West Coast: The Role of Antecedent Soil Moisture in a Warming Climate. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 21(8), 1827– 1845. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-19-0242.1
Cayan, D. R., Bromirski, P. D., Hayhoe, K., Tyree, M., Dettinger, M. D., & Flick, R. E. (2008).
Climate change projections of sea level extremes along the California coast. Climatic Change, 87, S57–S73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9376-7 Clemesha, R. E. S., Guirguis, K., Gershunov, A., Small, I. J., & Tardy, A. (2018a). California heat waves: their spatial evolution, variation, and coastal modulation by low clouds.
Climate Dynamics, 50(11), 4285–4301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017- 3875-7 Clemesha, R. E. S., Gershunov, A., Iacobellis, S. F., & Cayan, D. R. (2017). Daily variability of California coastal low cloudiness: A balancing act between stability and subsidence.
Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073075 Clemesha, R. E. S., Gershunov, A., Iacobellis, S. F., Williams, A., & Cayan, D. R. (2016). The northward March of summer low cloudiness along the California coast. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(3), 1287–1295. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067081 Corringham, T. W., Ralph, F. M., Gershunov, A., Cayan, D. R., & Talbot, C. A. (2019).
Atmospheric rivers drive flood damages in the western United States. Science Advances, 5(12), eaax4631. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax4631 Crosby, S. C., Cornuelle, B. D., O’Reilly, W. C., & Guza, R. T. (2017). Assimilating Global Wave Model Predictions and Deep- Water Wave Observations in Nearshore Swell Predictions. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 34(8), 1823–1836. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-17-0003.1
Crosby, S. C., O’Reilly, W. C., & Guza, R. T. (2016). Modeling Long-Period Swell in Southern California: Practical Boundary Conditions from Buoy Observations and Global Wave Model Predictions. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 33(8), 1673–1690. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0038.1
Dettinger, M., & Cayan, D. (2014). Drought and the California Delta—A Matter of Extremes.
San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, 12(2), 6p. https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2014v12iss2art4
Dettinger, M. D., Ralph, F. M., Das, T., Neiman, P. J., & Cayan, D. R. (2011). Atmospheric Rivers, Floods and the Water Resources of California. Water, 3(4), 445–478. https://doi.org/10.3390/w3020445
Diehl, P. (2015, October 15). Solana Beach, Encinitas OK sand replenishment. San Diego Union Tribune. http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/environment/sdut-solanabeach-encinitas-ok-sand-replenishment-2015oct15- story.html Doria, A., Guza, R. T., O’Reilly, W. C., & Yates, M. L. (2016). Observations and modeling of San Diego beaches during El Niño.
Attachment 2
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APPENDICES 313
Continental Shelf Research, 124, 153–164.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.05.008 Fiedler, J. W., Smit, P. B., Brodie, K. L., McNinch, J., & Guza, R. T. (2018). Numerical modeling of wave runup on steep and mildly sloping natural beaches. Coastal Engineering, 131, 106–113.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.09.004 Fiedler, J. W., Young, A. P., Ludka, B. C., O’Reilly, W. C., Henderson, C., Merrifield, M. A., & Guza, R. T. (2020). Predicting site- specific storm wave run-up. Natural Hazards, 104(1), 493–517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04178-3
Flick, R. E. (1998). Comparison of California Tides, Storm Surges, and Sea Level During the El Niño Winters of 1982-83 and 1997-
98. Shore and Beach, 66(3), 7–11.
Franklin, J. (2010). Vegetation dynamics and exotic plant invasion following high severity crown fire in a southern California conifer forest. Plant Ecology, 207(2), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-009-9672-6
Gershunov, A., Cayan, D. R., & Iacobellis, S. F. (2009). The Great 2006 Heat Wave over California and Nevada: Signal of an Increasing Trend. Journal of Climate, 22(23), 6181– 6203. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2465.1
Gershunov, A., & Guirguis, K. (2012). California heat waves in the present and future.
Geophysical Research Letters, 39(18).
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052979
Gershunov, A., Shulgina, T., Clemesha, R. E. S., Guirguis, K., Pierce, D. W., Dettinger, M.
D., Lavers, D. A., Cayan, D. R., Polade,
S. D., Kalansky, J., & Ralph, F. M. (2019). Precipitation regime change in Western North America: The role of Atmospheric Rivers. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 9944. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46169-w
Gershunov, A., J. Guzman Morales, B. Hatchett, R. Aguilera, T. Shulgina, K. Guirguis, J.
Abatzoglou, D. Cayan, D. Pierce, P. Williams, I. Small, R. Clemesha, L. Schwarz, T.
Benmarhnia, A. Tardy, 2021: Hot and cold flavors of southern California’s Santa Ana winds: Their causes, trends, and links with wildfire. Climate Dynamics. DOI:
10.1007/s00382-021-05802-z.
Griggs, G., Árvai, J., Cayan, D., DeConto, R., Fox, J., Fricker, H., Kopp, R., Tebaldi, C., & Whiteman, E. (2017). Rising Seas in California, An Update on Seal _level Rise Science.
Guirguis, K., Basu, R., Al-Delaimy, W. K., Benmarhnia, T., Clemesha, R. E. S., Corcos, I., Guzman-Morales, J., Hailey, B., Small, I., Tardy, A., Vashishtha, D., Zivin, J. G., & Gershunov, A. (2018). Heat, disparities, and health outcomes in San Diego County’s diverse climate zones. GeoHealth, 2. https://doi.org/10.1029/ 2017GH000127 Guirguis, Kristen, Gershunov, A., Cayan, D. R., & Pierce, D. W. (2018). Heat wave probability in the changing climate of the Southwest US. Climate Dynamics, 50(9–10), 3853–3864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3850-3
Guirguis, Kristen, Gershunov, A., Tardy, A., & Basu, R. (2014). The Impact of Recent Heat Waves on Human Health in California.
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 53(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMCD-13-0130.1 Attachment 2
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APPENDICES 314
Guzman-Morales, J., & Gershunov, A. (2019). Climate Change Suppresses Santa Ana Winds of Southern California and Sharpens Their Seasonality. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(5), 2772–2780. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080261 Guzman-Morales, J., Gershunov, A., Theiss, J., Li, H., & Cayan, D. (2016). Santa Ana Winds of Southern California: Their climatology, extremes, and behavior spanning six and a half decades. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(6), 2827–2834. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067887
Hamlington, B D, Cheon, S. H., Thompson, P. R., Merrifield, M. A., Nerem, R. S., Leben, R.
R., & Kim, K. ‐Y. (2016). An ongoing shift in Pacific Ocean sea level. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 121(7), 5084–5097.
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011815
Hamlington, Benjamin D, Piecuch, C. G., Reager, J. T., Chandanpurkar, H., Frederikse, T., Nerem, R. S., Fasullo, J. T., & Cheon, S.-
H. (2020). Origin of interannual variability in global mean sea level. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(25), 13983.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922190117
Hughes, M., & Hall, A. (2010). Local and synoptic mechanisms causing Southern California’s Santa Ana winds. Climate Dynamics, 34(6), 847–857. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382- 009-0650-4
Iacobellis, S. F., & Cayan, D. R. (2013). The variability of California summertime marine stratus: Impacts on surface air temperatures. Journal of Geophysical Research:
Atmospheres, 118(16), 9105–9122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50652 Ilango, S. D., Weaver, M., Sheridan, P., Schwarz, L., Clemesha, R. E. S., Bruckner, T., Basu, R., Gershunov, A., & Benmarhnia, T. (2020). Extreme heat episodes and risk of preterm birth in California, 2005–2013. Environment International, 137, 105541. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105541 Jennings, M. K., Cayan, D., Kalansky, J., Pairis, A. D., Lawson, D. M., Syphard, A. D., Abeysekera, U., Clemesha, R. E. S., Gershunov, A., Guirguis, K., Randall, J. M., Stein, E. D., & Vanderplank, S. (2018). San Diego County Ecosystems: Ecological Impacts Of Climate Change On A Biodiversity Hotspot. In California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, California Energy Commission. California Energy Commission.
Kalansky, J., Cayan, D., Barba, K., Walsh, L., Brouwer, K., & Boudreau, D. (2018). San Diego Summary Report. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, Publication number: SUM-CCCA4-2018-009.
Knowlton, K., Rotkin-Ellman, M., King, G., Margolis, H. G., Smith, D., Solomon, G., Trent, R., & English, P. (2009). The 2006 California Heat Wave: Impacts on Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(1). https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11594
Ludka, B. C., Gallien, T. W., Crosby, S. C., & Guza, R. T. (2016). Mid‐El Niño erosion at nourished and unnourished Southern California beaches. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(9), 4510–4516. https://doi.org/doi:10.1002/2016GL068612 Ludka, B. C., Guza, R. T., & O’Reilly, W. C. (2018). Nourishment evolution and impacts at four southern California beaches: A sand volume analysis. Coastal Engineering, 136, 96–105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.02.003 Attachment 2
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Ludka, B. C., Guza, R. T., O’Reilly, W. C., Merrifield, M. A., Flick, R. E., Bak, A. S., Hesser, T., Bucciarelli, R., Olfe, C., Woodward, B., Boyd, W., Smith, K., Okihiro, M., Grenzeback, R., Parry, L., & Boyd, G. (2019). Sixteen years of bathymetry and waves at San Diego beaches. Scientific Data, 6(1), 161. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0167-6 Ludka, B. C., Guza, R. T., O’Reilly, W. C., & Yates, M. L. (2015). Field evidence of beach profile evolution toward equilibrium.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(11), 7574–7597. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC010893 Malig, B. J., Wu, X. (May), Guirguis, K., Gershunov, A., & Basu, R. (2019). Associations between ambient temperature and
hepatobiliary and renal hospitalizations in California, 1999 to 2009. Environmental Research, 177, 108566. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108566 McElroy, S., Schwarz, L., Green, H., Corcos, I., Guirguis, K., Gershunov, A., & Benmarhnia, T. (2020). Defining heat waves and extreme heat events using sub-regional meteorological data to maximize benefits of early warning systems to population health.
Science of The Total Environment, 721, 137678.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137678 McEvoy, D., Pierce, D., Kalansky, J., Cayan, D., & Abatzoglou, J. (2020). Projected Changes in Reference Evapotranspiration in California and Nevada: Implications for Drought and Wildland Fire Danger. Earth’s Future.
Mohegh, A., Levinson, R., Taha, H., Gilbert, H., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Tang, T., & Ban-Weiss, G. (2018). Observational Evidence of Neighborhood Scale Reductions in Air Temperature Associated with Increases in Roof Albedo. Climate, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/cli6040098
Ostro, B. D., Roth, L. A., Green, R. S., & Basu, R. (2009). Estimating the mortality effect of the July 2006 California heat wave.
Environmental Research, 109(5), 614–619.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2009.03.010 Parker, V. T., Pratt, R. B., & Keeley, J. E. (2016). Chaparral editors. Ecosystems of California. . In H. Mooney & E. Zavaleta (Eds.), Ecosystems of California (Chaparral, pp. 479–507). University of California Press.
Pierce, D. W., Cayan, D. R., Das, T., Maurer, E. P., Miller, N. L., Bao, Y., Kanamitsu, M., Yoshimura, K., Snyder, M. A., Sloan, L. C., Franco, G., & Tyree, M. (2013). The Key Role of Heavy Precipitation Events in Climate Model Disagreements of Future Annual Precipitation Changes in California. Journal of Climate, 26(16), 5879–5896. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00766.1
Pierce, D. W., Kalansky, J. F., & Cayan, D. (2018). Climate, Drought, and Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the Fourth California Climate Assessment.
Polade, S. D., Gershunov, A., Cayan, D. R., Dettinger, M. D., & Pierce, D. W. (2017).
Precipitation in a warming world: Assessing projected hydro-climate changes in California and other Mediterranean climate regions. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11285-y
Polade, S. D., Pierce, D. W., Cayan, D. R., Gershunov, A., & Dettinger, M. D. (2014). The key role of dry days in changing regional climate and precipitation regimes. Scientific Reports, 4, 4364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep04364
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Schinasi, L. H., Benmarhnia, T., & de Roos, A. J. (2018). Modification of the association between high ambient temperature and health by urban microclimate indicators: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Res, 161, 168–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.004
Schwartz, R. (2015). California coastal low clouds: Variability and influences across climate to weather and continental to local scales. University of California, San Diego.
Schwarz L., Malig, B.J., Guzman-Morales, J., Guirguis, K., Ilango, S.D., Sheridan, P., Gershunov, A., Basu, R., and Benmarhnia, T. (2020) The health burden of fall, winter and spring heat waves in Southern California and contribution of Santa Ana Winds.
Environ Res Letters. 15, 054017.
Sias-Daniel, J., Jacobs, J. M., Douglas, E., Mallick, R. B., & Hayhoe, K. (2014, May 3).
Impact of Climate Change on Pavement Performance: Preliminary Lessons Learned through the Infrastructure and Climate Network (ICNet). Climatic Effects on Pavement and Geotech.
Syphard, A. D., Brennan, T. J., & Keeley, J. E. (2018). Chaparral Landscape Conversion in Southern California. In E. C. Underwood,
H. D. Safford, N. A. Molinari, & J. E. Keeley (Eds.), Valuing Chaparral: Ecological, SocioEconomic, and Management Perspectives (pp. 323–346). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68303-4_12 Venturas, M. D., MacKinnon, E. D., Dario, H. L., Jacobsen, A. L., Pratt, R. B., & Davis, S. D. (2016). Chaparral shrub hydraulic traits, size, and life history types relate to species mortality during California’s historic drought of 2014. PloS ONE, 11(7), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159145
Williams, A. P., Abatzoglou, J. T., Gershunov, A., Guzman-Morales, J., Bishop, D. A., Balch, J. K., & Lettenmaier, D. P. (2019).
Observed Impacts of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Wildfire in California. Earth’s Future, 7(8), 892–910. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001210 Williams, A. P., Cook, E. R., Smerdon, J. E., Cook, B. I., Abatzoglou, J. T., Bolles, K., Baek, S. H., Badger, A. M., & Livneh, B. (2020). Large contribution from anthropogenic warming to an emerging North American megadrought. Science, 368(6488), 314. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz9600
Williams, A. P., Seager, R., Abatzoglou, J. T., Cook, B. I., Smerdon, J. E., & Cook, E. R. (2015). Contribution of anthropogenic warming to California drought during 2012–2014.
Geophysical Research Letters, 42(16), 6819–6828.
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064924
Yates, M. L., Guza, R. T., & O’Reilly, W. C. (2009). Equilibrium shoreline response:
Observations and modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 114(C9). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005359
Yates, M. L., Guza, R. T., O’Reilly, W. C., Hansen, J. E., & Barnard, P. L. (2011). Equilibrium shoreline response of a high wave energy beach. Journal of Geophysical Research:
Oceans, 116(C4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006681 Young, A P, Guza, R. T., Matsumoto, H., Merrifield, M. A., O’Reilly, W. C., & Swirad, Z. M. (2021). Three years of weekly observations of coastal cliff erosion by waves and rainfall.
Geomorphology, 375, 107545.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107545 Attachment 2
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APPENDICES 317
Young, A.P. (2015). Recent deep-seated coastal landsliding at San Onofre State Beach, California. Geomorphology, 228, 200–212.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.08.005 Young, A. P. (2018). Decadal-scale coastal cliff retreat in southern and central California.
Geomorphology, 300, 164–175.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.10.010 Young, A. P, Raymond, J. H., Sorenson, J., Johnstone, E. A., Driscoll, N. W., Flick, R. E., & Guza, R. T. (2010). Coarse Sediment Yields from Seacliff Erosion in the Oceanside Littoral Cell. Journal of Coastal Research, 580–585. https://doi.org/10.2112/08- 1179.1 Zetler, B. D., & Flick, R. E. (1985). Predicted Extreme High Tides for Mixed-Tide Regimes.
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 15(3), 357–359. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520- 0485(1985)015<0357:pehtfm>2.0.co;2
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APPENDIX 5. SURVEY RESULTS FOR SD MULTIJURISDICTIONAL HAZARD
MITIGATION PLAN REVISION
There were 500 respondents for this anonymous survey. Of those respondents:
• 182 provided their e-mail address
QUESTION 1
All the 500 Respondents provided the cities or communities in which they live and work.
Although there were respondents from all areas of the county:
• 11% of respondents claimed East County residency
• 59% of respondents claimed North County residency
• 30% of respondents claimed Central and Western County residency QUESTION 2
Would you prefer emergency messages in a language other than English? • 7% - Yes
• 93% - No
QUESTION 3
If ordered to evacuate, how much time would you require? • 23% - 30 minutes or less
• 39% - 30 minutes to one hour
• 27% - one hour to two hours
• 11% - greater than two hours
QUESTION 4
Have you developed a personal disaster plan?
• 17% - Yes, for myself
• 35% - Yes, for myself and others
• 48% - No
QUESTION 5
Have you ever experienced or been impacted by a disaster? • 45% - Yes
• 55% - No
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QUESTION 6
If yes [to Question 5], please explain.
• 226 Responses
QUESTION 7
Have you taken any actions to make your home, business, or neighborhood more resistant to hazards?
• 54% - Yes
• 46% - No
QUESTION 8
If yes [to Question 7], please explain.
• 257 Responses
QUESTION 9
Have you accessed the online “Know Your Hazards” tool to determine what types of disasters are most likely to occur in your community?
• 24% - Yes
• 76% - No
QUESTION 10
Please select one hazard you think is the highest threat to your neighborhood. • 49.49% - Structure/Wild Land Fires
• 23.34% - Earthquake
• 4.62% - Drought
• 5.63% - Climate change
• 2.21% - Coastal Storms/Erosion
• 0.20% - Tsunami
• 4.02% - Extreme heat
• 1.40% - Pandemic
• 0.20% - Landslide
• 0.60% - Severe Winter Storm
• 0.20% - Terrorism
• 1.40% - Extreme Wind
• 0.60% - Nuclear accident
• 0.20% - Hazardous Materials Incident
• 0.60% - Dam Failure
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• 0.80% - Flood
• 0.60% - Oil or Gas line failure
• 0.40% - Liquefaction.
• 3.21% - Other
QUESTION 11
Please select one hazard you think is the second highest threat to your neighborhood. • 16.22% - Structure/Wild Land Fires
• 30.22% - Earthquake
• 11.56% - Drought
• 11.56% - Climate change
• 1.41% - Coastal Storms/Erosion
• 1.21% - Tsunami
• 4.26% - Extreme heat
• 3.04% - Pandemic
• 2.23% - Landslide
• 1.62% - Severe Winter Storm
• 1.62% - Terrorism
• 4.05% - Extreme Wind
• 1.41% - Nuclear accident
• 0.81% - Hazardous Materials Incident
• 0.20% - Dam Failure
• 1.62% - Flood
• 2.43% - Oil or Gas line failure
• 0.00% - Liquefaction.
• 2.83% - Other
QUESTION 12
What is the most effective way for you to receive information about how to make your home, business, or neighborhood more resistant to hazards?
• 0.08% - Newspaper
• 44.64% - Email
• 4.24% - Television
• 3.43% - Public Workshops/Meetings
• 1.01% - Radio
• 20.40% - Internet
• 7.27% - Mail
• 11.31% - Social Media
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APPENDICES 321
• 6.86% - Other
QUESTION 13
Have you hardened your home against flying embers?
• 31% - Yes
• 69% - No
QUESTION 14
Have you created defensible space around your home?
• 54% - Yes
• 25% - No
• 20% - N/A
QUESTION 15
Have you designated an emergency contact outside of your home if the family should become separated?
• 57% - Yes
• 43% - No
QUESTION 16
Have you been trained in First Aid and CPR?
• 60% - Yes, both First Aid and CPR
• 4% - Yes, just First Aid
• 11% - Yes, just CPR
• 25% - No
QUESTION 17
Do you keep extra prescription drugs on hand in the case of an emergency? • 57% - Yes
• 43% - No
QUESTION 18
Do you know how to protect yourself and others from being exposed to a virus? • 96% - Yes
• 4% - No
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QUESTION 19
Are you familiar with the services offered at a Family Assistance Center following a mass casualty incident?
• 21% - Yes
• 79% - No
QUESTION 20
How likely are you to stay in an emergency shelter following a disaster? • 4% - Definitely
• 9% - Very Probably
• 22% - Probably
• 59% - Probably Not
• 6% - Definitely Not
QUESTION 21
Are you aware of how to safely dispose of household hazardous waste in your home? (i.e., used oil, old batteries, expired pesticides)
• 82% - Yes
• 18% - No
QUESTION 22
Has a Wireless Emergency Alert on your mobile phone ever made you take an emergency action?
• 38% - Yes
• 62% - No
QUESTION 23
Have you ever contacted 9-1-1?
• 68% - Yes, by phone
• <1% - Yes, by text
• 1% - Yes, by phone and text
• 31% - No
QUESTION 24
Do you know how to shut off the gas, electricity, and water to your home following an earthquake?
• 68% - Yes
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APPENDICES 323
• 32% - No
QUESTION 25
Do you have an emergency go-kit?
• 51% - Yes
• 49% - No
QUESTION 26
Do you have enough supplies to shelter in place at home for three days without functioning utilities?
• 80% - Yes
• 20% - No
QUESTION 27
Have you downloaded SD Emergency, the County’s disaster preparedness mobile application?
• 49% - Yes
• 51% - No
QUESTION 28
Have you registered your mobile phone and email for AlertSanDiego, the County’s regional mass notification system?
• 73% - Yes
• 27% - No
QUESTION 29
Do you feel prepared to cope with the aftermath of disasters? • 59% - Yes
• 41% - No
QUESTION 30
Do you have an emergency action plan which includes details for handling pets, large animals, and livestock?
• 36% - Yes, just for pets
• 5% - Yes, for pets, large animals, and livestock
• 1% - No, for large animals and livestock
• 21% - No
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APPENDICES 324
• 37% - I do not have animals
QUESTION 31
Have you located two places where you can send or safely evacuate your pets? • 37% - Yes
• 63% - No
QUESTION 32
Have you identified at least two places to meet in the event of an emergency: near the home and outside the immediate area?
• 38% - Yes
• 62% - No
QUESTION 33
Do you know the difference between an “Evacuation Warning” and an “Evacuation Order”? • 90% - Yes
• 10% - No
QUESTION 34
How likely are you to evacuate if you receive an “Evacuation Warning” which directs you to prepare to evacuate and to evacuate early?
• 22% - Definitely
• 31% - Very Probably
• 29% - Probably
• 16% - Probably Not
• 2% - Definitely Not
QUESTION 35
How likely are you to evacuate if you receive an “Evacuation Order” which directs you to evacuate immediately?
• 75% - Definitely
• 17% - Very Probably
• 6% - Probably
• 2% - Probably Not
• <1% - Definitely Not
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APPENDICES 325
QUESTION 36
In your opinion, what are some steps your local government could take to reduce or eliminate the risk of future hazard damages?
• 284 Respondents
QUESTION 37
Are there any other issues regarding the reduction of risk and loss associated with hazards or disasters in the community that you think are important? • 188 Respondents
QUESTION 38
If you are interested in receiving an invitation to a public meeting to review the results of this survey, please provide you email below?
• 188 Respondents
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APPENDICES 326
APPENDIX 6. MEETINGS
MEETING 1. HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN ORIENTATION MEETING
September 2019 / Time / Location
1. Introductions / Welcome
2. Overview of the Mitigation Plan
3. Review of Planning Process
a. Current Scheduled Meetings
b. Due Dates
4. Overview of new Mitigation Tools
a. SurveyMonkey FEMA Worksheets
b. Action Plan Assessments
c. Hazard Mitigation Action Tracker
5. City / Jurisdiction Specific Planning
6. County Resilience Program
7. Changes to be Instituted
8. Questions / Comments
9. Adjourn
MEETING 2.
NAME JURISDICTION/ AGENCY EMAIL INITIAL
Johnson, Donna PHPR [email protected] X
Nissen, Dave SD County Fire Authority [email protected] Prus, Lisa SDCWA [email protected] X
Millstein, Mel LUEG [email protected]
Efird, Robert PDS [email protected]
Nicoletti, Vince PDS [email protected]
George, Richard Sheriff’s EPD [email protected] Willis, Cleve Sheriff’s EPD [email protected]
Files, Shannon Sheriff’s EPD [email protected] Batchelor, Jason PDS [email protected]
Dawes, Ian PDS [email protected]
Burton, Todd HIRT [email protected] X
Agahi, Sara DPW (Flood Control) [email protected] X Isabel Corcos PHS [email protected] X
Rob Sills PHPR [email protected] X
Audrey Hamiliton PDS [email protected]
Craig Shaffer SD County Fire Authority [email protected] Attachment 2
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APPENDICES 327
MEETING 3. MULTI-JURISDICTION HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN UPDATE 2018 WORKING GROUP MEETING # 4
MEETING 4.
NAME JURISDICTION/ AGENCY EMAIL INITIAL
Walter Amedee National City [email protected]
v
Marlon King Chula Vista [email protected]
Susy Turnbull Poway [email protected] X
Jamie Smith Vista [email protected]
Andy McKellar El Cajon, La Mesa, Lemon
Grove
[email protected]
Corina Jimenez Encinitas, Del Mar, Solana
Beach
[email protected] X
Patricia Letts Encinitas, Del Mar, Solana
Beach
[email protected] X
Lois Yum Encinitas, Del Mar, Solana
Beach
[email protected] X
NAME JURISDICTION/ AGENCY TELEPHONE EMAIL
Ryan DeHart County of San Diego OES 858-565-5590 [email protected]. gov
Walter
Amedee
National City 619-207-7342 wamedee@nationalcityca.
gov
Marlon King Chula Vista 619-737-6477 [email protected] Susy Turnbull Poway 619-630-6778 [email protected]
Jamie Mott Vista 619-672-9376 [email protected]
Andy McKellar El Cajon, La Mesa, Lemon
Grove
619-227-2897 [email protected]
et
Corina
Jimenez
Encinitas, Del Mar, Solana
Beach
760-519-7959 [email protected]
Sarah Gordon SD County Communications
Office
sarah.gordon@sdcopunty.
ca.gov
Dave Pender San Marcos 760-533-1634 [email protected] David Harrison Carlsbad 760-484-0247 David.Harrison@carlsbadc a.gov
John Garlow Santee 619-871-9910 [email protected] ov
Perry Peake Coronado 619-726-7829 [email protected] Jeff Murdock Escondido 760-703-3046 [email protected] John French Imperial Beach 619-423-8225 jfrench@imperialbeachca. gov
Neil Anderson Oceanside 760-518-1877 [email protected] a.us
Yvette LaDuke Tsunami
Alex Tardy Storm / Tsunami / Wildfire
Attachment 2
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APPENDICES 328
NAME JURISDICTION/ AGENCY EMAIL INITIAL
Clem Brown Encinitas, Del Mar, Solana
Beach
[email protected] X
Rimga Viskanta Encinitas, Del Mar, Solana
Beach
[email protected] X
Dave Pender San Marcos [email protected]
Don Rawson Carlsbad [email protected]
v
X
David Harrison Carlsbad David.Harrison@carlsbadca.
gov
Justin Matsushita Santee jmatsushita@cityofsanteeca.
gov
DeVerna Rogers Santee [email protected]
Hannah
Chasteene
San Diego [email protected] X
Eugene Ruzzini San Diego [email protected]
Jeffrey Terwilliger Coronado [email protected] Jeff Murdock Escondido [email protected] X
John French Imperial Beach [email protected]
v
X
David Parsons Oceanside [email protected]
Pete Lawrence Oceanside [email protected]
g
Brown, Matt Port of San Diego [email protected] X Croucher, Gary San Miguel FPD [email protected]
Fred Cox Rancho Santa FE FPD [email protected]
McBroom, Jason Alpine FPD [email protected] X
Villarreal, Leonard San Miguel FPD [email protected] Larry Costello Padre Dam MWD [email protected] X
Dambach, Dan Vista Irrigation District [email protected] Levion, Diana Padre Dam MWD [email protected]
Del Bosque, Erick Sweetwater Authority [email protected] Olson, Gabriela Valley Center MWD [email protected]
Prus. Lisa SDCWA [email protected]
Sorce, Lisa Padre Dam MWD [email protected]
Williams, Dennis Valley Center MWD [email protected]
Woolslayer,
Trisha
Vallecitos WD [email protected]
Pedrazzi, Ed Vallecitos WD [email protected]
Newman, Richard Alpine Union School District [email protected] Attachment 2
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APPENDICES 329
MEETING 7. 1/11/2021
NAME JURISDICTION/
AGENCY EMAIL INITIAL
Ponce, Cruz CalOES [email protected] X
McCready-Hoover,
Karen CalOES Karen.McCready[email protected] X
LaMar-Haas,
Victoria CalOES [email protected]
Landry, Carly CalOES [email protected]
Sutkus, Adam CalOES [email protected]
Riley Kelly CalOES [email protected]
Flores, Salvador Imperial County [email protected] Brown, Ethan Orange County [email protected]
Phelps, Nikki DHS [email protected] X
Mielish, Robert DHS [email protected] X
Liu, Xing FEMA Region 9 [email protected]
Tardy, Alex NWS / NOAA [email protected]
Anna Lowe SANDAG [email protected] X
Ian Clampett Scripps
Oceanography [email protected]
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APPENDICES 330
MEETING 11. 4/12/2021
Full Name Jurisdiction/Agency Timestamp
DeHart, Ryan County of San Diego OES 4/12/2021, 12:55:26 PM Files, Shannon San Diego County
Sheriff’s Department 4/12/2021, 12:56:21 PM
Khalili, Mehdi San Diego County Flood
Control 4/12/2021, 12:56:31 PM
Johnson, Donna L County of San Diego PHS 4/12/2021, 12:58:15 PM Schmid, Matthew County of San Diego DPW 4/12/2021, 12:58:36 PM Burton, Todd San Diego County HIRT 4/12/2021, 12:58:50 PM Schaffer, Craig
San Diego County Finance
& General Government
Group
4/12/2021, 12:59:19 PM
Agahi, Sara San Diego County Flood
Control 4/12/2021, 1:00:35 PM
Madrid, Michael County of San Diego PDS 4/12/2021, 1:01:02 PM Prus, Lisa San Diego County Water
Authority 4/12/2021, 1:09:21 PM
Julien, Jo Ann County of San Diego PHS 4/12/2021, 1:09:36 PM MEETING 12. 4/26/2022
NAME JURISDICTION/AGENCY EMAIL INITIAL
Walter Amedee National City [email protected]
Marlon King Chula Vista [email protected]
Susy Turnbull Poway [email protected]
Jamie Smith Vista [email protected]
Andy McKellar El Cajon, La Mesa, Lemon
Grove
[email protected]
Corina Jimenez Encinitas, Del Mar, Solana Beach [email protected] X Patricia Letts Encinitas, Del Mar, Solana Beach [email protected] X Lois Yum Encinitas, Del Mar, Solana Beach [email protected] X Clem Brown Encinitas, Del Mar, Solana Beach [email protected] X Rimga Viskanta Encinitas, Del Mar, Solana Beach [email protected] X Dave Pender San Marcos [email protected] X
Don Rawson Carlsbad [email protected] X
David Harrison Carlsbad [email protected]
Justin Matsushita Santee [email protected] DeVerna Rogers Santee [email protected]
Hannah Chasteene San Diego [email protected] X
Eugene Ruzzini San Diego [email protected]
Jeffrey Terwilliger Coronado [email protected] Jeff Murdock Escondido [email protected]
John French Imperial Beach [email protected] X Russ Cunningham Oceanside [email protected]
David Parsons Oceanside [email protected]
Attachment 2
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APPENDICES 331
Pete Lawrence Oceanside [email protected]
David Foster Port of San Diego [email protected] X Tesoro, Cid Port of San Diego [email protected] Croucher, Gary San Miguel FPD [email protected]
Fred Cox Rancho Santa FE FPD [email protected]
McBroom, Jason Alpine FPD [email protected] X
Villarreal, Leonard San Miguel FPD [email protected] Larry Costello Padre Dam MWD [email protected] X
Dambach, Dan Vista Irrigation District [email protected] Levion, Diana Padre Dam MWD [email protected]
Del Bosque, Erick Sweetwater Authority [email protected] Olson, Gabriela Valley Center MWD [email protected]
Prus. Lisa SDCWA [email protected]
Sorce, Lisa Padre Dam MWD [email protected]
Williams, Dennis Valley Center MWD [email protected]
Woolslayer, Trisha Vallecitos WD [email protected]
Pedrazzi, Ed Vallecitos WD [email protected]
Newman, Richard Alpine Union School District [email protected] Seifts, Rena Ramona School District [email protected] Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 410
APPENDICES 332
MEETING 15. CMP #7 AGENDA: 10/20/2021 @ 10 AM
INTRODUCTION
1. HAZUS DATA
2. FEMA WORK SHEET 5.1
3. COUNTY OF SD HAZMIT TRACKER
4. FEMA LOCAL PLAN REVIEW TOOL
5. PUBLIC FEEDBACK
6. UPDATED DEADLINES
7. QUESTIONS
8. ASSIGNMENT RECAP
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 411
APPENDICES 333
HAZUS DATA
• The LUEG GIS Team created an excel file showing the counts of different types of critical facilities that fall within the boundaries of each jurisdiction:
<<Preliminary_Critical_Facilities_Counts_By_Jurisdiction_10192021.xlsx>> • The LUEG GIS Team also created a web map that shows all the participating jurisdictions and hazards across the county. It includes layers for:
o Wildfire
o Earthquakes
o Floods
o Coastal Erosion
o Tsunamis
o Dam Failures
o Landslides and
o Soil Liquefaction
The web map can be accessed via this link- Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Map:
https://gisportal.sandiegocounty.gov/arcgis/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=44d3eaf08e9d441 3832a685b721f26cc.
• Current top 5 hazards listed in the 2018 HazMit Plan are:
Fire
Hazardous Materials Release
Flood
Earthquake
Manmade Hazards (Human Caused Hazards)
Assignment: Send me your input for top 5 County-wide Hazard rankings before our next County planning meeting (will be scheduled for the beginning of January 2022).
FEMA WORK SHEET 5.1
• Worksheet 5.1 SD County.docx
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 412
APPENDICES 334
COUNTY OF SD HAZMIT TRACKER
• This tool mirrors the Goals, Objectives and Actions listed in Section 5 of the current Plan, and will enable us to efficiently update the Plan as a Team • These goals are needed to get our plan approved by Cal OES and FEMA • Assignment:
o Review the “Objectives” and determine whether your department is responsible for an "Action"
o Then, type your name or the responsible party's name and organization in the "Lead/Support" section. Multiple names/departments can be listed, just please to be sure to associate the person's name with their department. This will make it easy for OES, Cal OES or FEMA to contact someone directly if there is a question or clarification needed during the Plan's approval or revision process. o Last, determine then type whether the "Action" is new to the 2023 plan, existing from the 2018 plan or can be consolidated with another "Objective" or "Action" o Please complete this assignment by our next meeting date in January
FEMA LOCAL PLAN REVIEW TOOL
• Demonstrates how our Hazard Mitigation Plan meets regulations and enables Cal OES and FEMA to provide us with detailed feedback
• This tool also has HazMit Training, Guidance and Resources. • Assignment: Please review this document and get familiar with the elements by our next meeting
PUBLIC FEEDBACK
• New format and scheduled date/time is pending.
UPDATED DEADLINES
• Planning Meeting #4 with jurisdictions is next Tuesday, 10/26 @ 9AM-10 PM. • County Planning Meeting #8 is tentative for early January. • Cal OES HazMit Funding Training tentative for April 11th. • Our goal is to submit the Hazmit plan for Cal OES and FEMA approval by early June 2022.
QUESTIONS
• Any final questions?
ASSIGNMENT RECAP
• Dominique will send an email after this meeting with this agenda, attachments and other documents we discussed so you have all the information and tentative deadlines available.
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 413
APPENDICES 335
MEETING 16. 10/26/2021
Full Name Jurisdiction/Agency Timestamp
Fonseca, Dominique County of San Diego
OES
10/26/2021, 8:58:20 AM
Ackerman, Shannon County of San Diego
DPLU
10/26/2021, 8:58:20 AM
Jamie Smith Vista 10/26/2021, 8:58:20 AM
Katelynn Rise (Guest) Oceanside 10/26/2021, 8:58:20 AM
Corina Jimenez
Del
Mar/Encinitas/Solana
Beach
10/26/2021, 8:58:23 AM
Susy Turnbull Poway 10/26/2021, 8:58:50 AM
Zubel, Nicholas County of San Diego
OES
10/26/2021, 8:59:02 AM
Don Rawson Carlsbad 10/26/2021, 8:59:05 AM
Allen, Tiffany San Diego 10/26/2021, 8:59:26 AM
David Foster Port of San Diego 10/26/2021, 8:59:27 AM
Jeff Murdock - Escondido (Guest) Escondido 10/26/2021, 8:59:51 AM Castellanos, Marielena County of San Diego
OES
10/26/2021, 8:59:57 AM
Clement Brown Del Mar 10/26/2021, 9:00:33 AM
Pender, David San Marcos 10/26/2021, 9:00:57 AM
Andolina, Robert County of San Diego
OES
10/26/2021, 9:01:04 AM
Walter Amedee (Guest) National City 10/26/2021, 9:01:09 AM Russ Cunningham (Guest) Oceanside 10/26/2021, 9:01:15 AM Andy McKellar (Guest) El Cajon/La
Mesa/Lemon Grove
10/26/2021, 9:02:11 AM
Anna Lowe SANDAG 10/26/2021, 9:02:17 AM
Cid Tesoro Port of San Diego 10/26/2021, 9:02:45 AM
Dawes, Ian County of San Diego
PDS
10/26/2021, 9:02:47 AM
Robles, Michael County of San Diego
OES
10/26/2021, 9:02:48 AM
Batchelor, Jason County of San Diego
PDS
10/26/2021, 9:02:52 AM
Ponce, Cruz@Caloes CalOES 10/26/2021, 9:02:52 AM
Prus, Lisa San Diego County
Water Authority
10/26/2021, 9:03:35 AM
Thomlison, Nicholas County of San Diego
OES
10/26/2021, 9:04:40 AM
Rimga Viskanta Encinitas/Del
Mar/Solana Beach
10/26/2021, 9:06:07 AM
Larry Costello Padre Dam MWD 10/26/2021, 9:06:33 AM
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 414
APPENDICES 336
Full Name Jurisdiction/Agency Timestamp
Lois Yum Encinitas/Del
Mar/Solana Beach
10/26/2021, 9:07:46 AM
Marie Jones-Kirk Carlsbad 10/26/2021, 9:13:54 AM
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 415
APPENDICES 337
MEETING 19. SAN DIEGO COUNTY PLANNING MEETING #8
January 19, 2022 • 2:00 PM – 3:00 PM
AGENDA
1. Welcome and Introductions
2. Survey Details
a. Current Translation Status
b. Timeline and Document Location
3. Assignments
a. SD County OES Worksheet 6.1/6.2 Guidance
b. Deadlines and Worksheet Submission
4. Funding Opportunities
a. NOI Deadlines
b. BRIC Technical Assistance Application
5. Action Items, Follow-Up Meetings, and Schedule
a. HAZMIT Planning Team Meeting Timeline
b. County OES Actions/Deadlines
6. Round Table/Questions
7. Adjourn
PARTICPANT LIST
Carl Quiram, Sweetwater Authority
Prus, Lisa, San Diego County Water Authority
Emilyn Zuniga, Otay Water District
Ed Pedrazzi, Vallecitos Water District
Jason McBroom, Alpine Fire Protection District
Lisa Coburn-Boyd, Otay Water District
Kelly, Meghan, County of San Diego Land Use & Environment Group Schmid, Matthew, County of San Diego DPW
Susy Turnbull, City of Poway
Charmaine Esnard, Rainbow Municipal Water District
Rubalcava, Eric, San Diego County Water Authority
Herbon, Goldamer, City of Oceanside
Jason McBroom, Alpine Fire Protection District
Dan Hayes, Sweetwater Authority
Alex Tardy, NOAA NWS
Clay Clifton, Sweetwater Authority
Mares, Marco, San Diego County Parks and Recreation
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 416
APPENDICES 338
MEETING 20. SAN DIEGO COUNTY PLANNING MEETING #5
February 1, 2022 • 3:00 PM – 4:00 PM
AGENDA AND SCRIPT
1. Welcome
a. Questions or concerns before we start.
b. This meeting will be recorded.
2. Public Feedback Survey/Advertisement Update
a. Working with the County Communications Office to publish the outreach survey and a County News article by the end of next week. I will provide you all details after I meet with our Communications Officer.
3. Assignments
a. FEMA Worksheet 6.1/6.2 Wrap-up
i. Worksheets 6.1 and 6.2 are due by today. If you need more time, please let me know.
ii. Any questions or concerns related to Worksheets 6.1 or 6.2. b. FOUO Attachment A
i. Last Friday, I sent some jurisdictions an email regarding the FOUO portion of the HazMit Plan called “Attachment.” Some folks experienced issues opening that email so please let me know if you need me to resent the material. ii. If you received the email regarding Attachment A, you will need to create your own FOUO portion of your annex or consolidate the FOUO portions into your annex in a manner that can be shared publicly. Any questions about Attachment A assignments?
c. Start Task 7: FEMA Work Sheets 7.1/7.2
i. Task 7 will help us keep the plan current and provide an update on the 2018 Goals, Objectives and Actions/priority projects.
ii. 7.1- Mitigation Action Progress report form. Need to complete one form for each action/project identified in the 2018 plan and annexes your department or jurisdiction was responsible for. The bottom of the sheet has a summary that will provide Cal OES and FEMA with the documentation they need. iii. 7.2- only need to complete one form for your department or jurisdiction. This form walks you and your planning team through update considerations including plan maintenance procedures.
iv. Questions?
4. Funding and Training Opportunities
a. HMGP NOI Deadline extension (2/15/22)
b. Cal OES Sub-Application Development Series: Advanced Assistance Webinar Dates
i. All invitation information on our SharePoint site:
https://sdcountycagov.sharepoint.com/sites/ExternalOESHub/HazardMitigation Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 417
APPENDICES 339
ii. Sub-applications due 4/8/22
c. PrepCA State Initiative
i. PrepCA Jump Start: $15 million in state funding to assist eligible socially vulnerable and high hazard risk communities create resiliency through capacity building, mitigation, preparedness activities, education, response / recovery and/or future project scoping.
1. Proposals are due to Cal OES via email on 2/28/21.
ii. Prepare California Match under FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program:
additional $255 million in federal funding for FEMA hazard mitigation activities and projects benefiting eligible socially vulnerable and high hazard risk communities, and reduce risk to loss of life and property from natural hazards.
1. NOIs due to Cal OES on 2/15/22.
iii. Information and additional resources are available on the Cal OES HMGP webpage and in the Revised 2021 Notice of Funding Opportunity.pdf iv. Prepare California Funding Opportunity Webinar on 2/3/22 at 11 AM.
1. Information posted on our SharePoint site.
5. Action Items, Follow-Up Meetings, and Schedule
a. Deadlines
i. Complete all worksheets and FOUO Attachment A (if applicable to your jurisdiction) up to 7.1 and 7.2 by the next OA Planning Meeting ii. Start planning methods for elected officials’ briefings – should occur after UDC adoption of the updated plan which is anticipated on April 21st but is subject to change.
b. Next Meetings
i. OA Planning Meeting #6: March 7th
ii. OA Planning Meeting #7: April 6th
iii. Time for both is to be determined but I will be sending you all invites this week. iv. Final OA Planning Meeting is tentative for the end of April or beginning of May.
This will be when we should have our final draft complete and ready for final edits.
*Download/Save the meeting attendee list – click the 3 dots at the top next to the comment and people icons.
6. Round Table/Questions
7. Adjourn
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 418
APPENDICES 340
ATTENDANCE LIST
Full Name Jurisdiction/Agency Timestamp
Andolina, Robert County of San
Diego OES 2/1/2022, 2:51:50 PM
Khalili, Mehdi County of San
Diego DPW 2/1/2022, 2:51:50 PM
Ackerman, Shannon (DPLU) County of San
Diego DPLU 2/1/2022, 2:56:48 PM
Emilyn Zuniga Otay Water District 2/1/2022, 2:56:58 PM
Don Rawson Carlsbad 2/1/2022, 2:58:00 PM
Jeffrey Terwilliger County of San
Diego EMS 2/1/2022, 2:58:08 PM
Jeff Murdock - Escondido
(Guest) Escondido 2/1/2022, 2:58:09 PM
Alisa Nichols Vista Irrigation
District 2/1/2022, 2:58:10 PM
David Parsons Oceanside 2/1/2022, 2:58:19 PM
Zubel, Nicholas County of San
Diego OES 2/1/2022, 2:59:28 PM
Andy McKellar (Guest) El Cajon/La
Mesa/Lemon Grove 2/1/2022, 2:59:33 PM
Dan Hayes (Guest) Sweetwater
Authority 2/1/2022, 2:59:34 PM
Lois Yum
Del
Mar/Encinitas/Solan
a Beach 2/1/2022, 2:59:40 PM
(Intern) Tam,
Patricia@CalOES CalOES 2/1/2022, 2:59:48 PM
Labra, Phillip@CalOES CalOES 2/1/2022, 3:00:37 PM
Rimga Viskanta
Del
Mar/Encinitas/Solan
a Beach 2/1/2022, 3:00:42 PM
Corina Jimenez
Del
Mar/Encinitas/Solan
a Beach 2/1/2022, 3:00:45 PM
Madrid, Michael County of San
Diego PDS 2/1/2022, 3:00:45 PM
Pender, David San Marcos 2/1/2022, 3:00:55 PM
Fonseca, Dominique County of San
Diego OES 2/1/2022, 3:00:57 PM
Herbon, Goldamer San Diego County
Water Authority 2/1/2022, 3:01:05 PM
Castellanos, Marielena County of San
Diego OES 2/1/2022, 3:01:11 PM
Russ Cunningham (Guest) Oceanside 2/1/2022, 3:01:12 PM
Ayers, Barbara County of San
Diego OES 2/1/2022, 3:01:22 PM
Susy Turnbull Poway 2/1/2022, 3:01:26 PM
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 419
APPENDICES 341
Full Name Jurisdiction/Agency Timestamp
Prus, Lisa San Diego County
Water Authority 2/1/2022, 3:01:28 PM
Katelynn Rise (Guest) County of San
Diego Oceanside 2/1/2022, 3:01:28 PM
Burton, Todd County of San
Diego DEHQ 2/1/2022, 3:01:31 PM
Lubich, Marcus
County of San
Diego Parks &
Recreation 2/1/2022, 3:01:32 PM
Mares, Marco
County of San
Diego Parks &
Recreation 2/1/2022, 3:02:05 PM
Clement Brown Del Mar 2/1/2022, 3:02:12 PM
Johnson, Donna L County of San
Diego PHS 2/1/2022, 3:02:36 PM
Schmid, Matthew County of San
Diego DPW 2/1/2022, 3:03:00 PM
Thomlison, Nicholas County of San
Diego OES 2/1/2022, 3:05:13 PM
Walter Amedee (Guest) National City 2/1/2022, 3:10:13 PM Rea, Stephen County of San
Diego OES 2/1/2022, 3:13:05 PM
David Foster Port of San Diego 2/1/2022, 3:15:52 PM
Jander, Chelsea
County of San
Diego Parks &
Recreation 2/1/2022, 3:17:44 PM
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 420
APPENDICES 342
MEETING 21. SAN DIEGO COUNTY PLANNING MEETING #9
February 11, 2022 • 10:00 AM – 11:00 AM
AGENDA
8. Welcome
9. Public Feedback Survey/Advertisement Update
10. Assignments
a. FEMA Worksheet 6.1/6.2 Wrap-up
b. Start Task 7: FEMA Work Sheets 7.1/7.2
11. Funding and Training Opportunities
a. NOI Deadline
b. BRIC Technical Assistance Application
c. PrepCA State Initiative
d. Cal OES Sub-Application Development Series: Advanced Assistance Webinar Dates
12. Action Items, Follow-Up Meetings, and Schedule
a. Deadlines
b. Next Meeting Release
13. Round Table/Questions
14. Adjourn
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 421
APPENDICES 343
MEETING 23. SAN DIEGO OA PLANNING MEETING #6
March 7, 2022 • 1:00 PM – 2:00 PM
AGENDA
15. Welcome
16. Public Feedback Survey Results
17. Assignments
a. FEMA Work Sheets 7.1/7.2 Wrap-up/Final Questions
b. Start final FEMA Work Sheet (8.1)
c. Finalize Updated Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Draft and all Annex edits
18. Funding and Training Opportunities
a. PrepCA State Initiative
b. Cal OES Sub-Application Development Series: Advanced Assistance Webinars
19. Action Items, Follow-Up Meetings, and Schedule
c. Deadlines
d. Next Meeting
e. Next Steps
20. Round Table/Questions
21. Adjourn
ADDITIONAL PROOF OF ALL PARTICIPANT PARTICIPATION IN THE PLANNING PROCESS WAS COMPILED AND PROVIDED TO CAL OES AND FEMA. THIS PROOF
HAS SENSITIVE CONTACT INFORMATION AND INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO,
PROOF OF VIRTUAL AND/OR IN-PERSON ONE-ON-ONE
CALLS/MEETINGS/APPOINTMENTS, PARTICIPATION IN QUESTION & ANSWER SESSIONS, AND EMAILS.
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 422
Multi-Jurisdictional
Hazard Mitigation Plan:
City of Coronado Annex
San Diego County, California
February 2023
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 423
i
This page is intentionally left blank.
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 424
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources 2 1. SECTION ONE: Determine the
Planning Area and Resources
1.1. Planning Area: City of Coronado
The City of Coronado is a small, 13.5 square mile beach community, with an island feel. The military bases of the Naval Air Station North Island and Naval Amphibious Base occupy 5.3 square miles, and Coronado is connected to San Diego by a 2.3-mile bridge and to Imperial Beach (its neighbor to the south) by a six-mile scenic highway (the Silver Strand).1 The City had a population of 20,192 in 2020, and is an internationally renowned tourist destination. This vibrant community welcomes more than two million visitors annually to soak up the sun and the sand, while enjoying the lush surroundings and village appeal. The city contains world-class resorts, including the Hotel Del Coronado, and highly acclaimed restaurants.
Coronado Unified School District serves local students and includes eight schools.2
1.2. Community Rating System Requirements
The Community Rating System (CRS) is a FEMA program and rewards communities that go beyond the minimum standards for floodplain management under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Communities can potentially improve their Community Rating System and lower NFIP premiums by developing a CRS Plan. The City of Coronado participates in NFIP.
For more information on the National Flood Insurance Program, see http://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program.
Community Rating System
(CRS) Planning Steps
Local Mitigation
Planning
Handbook Tasks
(44 CFR Part 201)
Step 1. Organize
Task 1: Determine the Planning Area and
Resources
Task 2: Build the Planning
Team 44 CFR 201.6(c)(1)
Step 2. Involve the public
Task 3: Create an Outreach Strategy
44 CFR 201.6(b)(1)
Step 3. Coordinate
Task 4: Review Community Capabilities
44 CFR 201.6(b)(2) & (3)
Step 4. Assess the hazard Task 5: Conduct a Risk
Assessment 44 CFR
201.6(c)(2)(i)
44 CFR 201.6(c)(2)(ii) & (iii)
Step 5. Assess the problem
1 https://www.coronado.ca.us/210/About-Coronado
2 https://coronadousd.net/Our-District/index.html
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 425
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources 3 Step 6. Set goals Task 6: Develop a Mitigation
Strategy 44 CFR 201.6(c)(3)(i)
44 CFR 201.6(c)(3)(ii)
44 CFR 201.6(c)(3)(iii)
Step 7. Review possible activities
Step 8. Draft an action plan
Step 9. Adopt the plan
Task 8: Review and Adopt the Plan
44 CFR 201.6(c)(5)
Step 10. Implement, evaluate, revise
Task 7: Keep the Plan Current
Task 9: Create a Safe and Resilient
Community 44 CFR 201.6(c)(4)
TABLE 1: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 1.1 DESCRIBES THE CRS REQUIREMENTS MET BY THE SAN DIEGO COUNTY MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN.
Any jurisdiction or special district may participate in the hazard mitigation planning process.
However, to request FEMA approval, each of the local jurisdictions must meet all requirements of 44 CFR §201.6. In addition to the requirement for participation in the process, the Federal regulation specifies the following requirements for multi-jurisdictional plans:
• The risk assessment must assess each jurisdiction’s risk where they may vary from the risks facing the entire planning area. (44 CFR §201.6(c)(2)(iii)) • There must be identifiable action items specific to the jurisdiction requesting FEMA approval or credit of the plan. (44 CFR §201.6(c)(3)(iv))
• Each jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan must document that is has been formally adopted. (44 CFR §201.6(c)(5))
The hazard mitigation plan must clearly list the jurisdictions that participated in the plan and are seeking plan approval. The San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan and annexes meet all requirements.
1.3. Development Over Time
All elements of the City of Coronado’s General Plan has been and will continue to be integrated into this plan to prevent the City from experiencing increased vulnerabilities from hazards. The General Plan contains goals and policies for urban development, community design, housing, natural hazards, historic preservation, transportation, open space and conservation, recreation, parking, circulation, noise, and public services and facilities. The content of this Housing Element is consistent with the goals and policies of all elements of the General Plan. If any elements of the General Plan are amended during the Housing Element cycle, the City will ensure that the Housing Element remains consistent.
State law requires that the Safety and Conservation Elements include an analysis and policies regarding flood hazard and management information upon revisions to the Housing Element.
The City will ensure compliance with this requirement by reviewing its Safety and Conservation Elements. Construction in the City occurs primarily as recycling of older single-family units into new single-family homes or small multi-family complexes. Furthermore, the City is primarily built out and has less than 50 acres of land within the Coastal Zone that is vacant and designated for residential uses. Therefore, the City is not subject to the replacement requirement.
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 426
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team
4 2. SECTION TWO: Build the Planning
Team
2.1. Planning Participants
Fire Chief Mike Blood, Division Chief Jayson Summers, Division Chief Jeff Terwilliger
2.2. Planning Process
Emergency Management Coordinator, along with Division Chief responsible for Emergency Management, met with the County of San Diego on several occasions. County of San Diego provided crucial data obtained from their sources to assist in the development of the overall plan.
Data was evaluated to help determine upcoming action items.
See the San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan’s Section Two for details about the county-wide Planning Process.
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 427
SECTION THREE | Create an Outreach Strategy
5 3. SECTION THREE: Create an
Outreach Strategy
See the San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan’s Section Three for details about the county-wide outreach strategy.
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 428
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
6 4. SECTION FOUR: Review Community
Capabilities
Local mitigation capabilities are existing authorities, policies, programs, and resources that reduce hazard impacts or that could be used to implement hazard mitigation activities and must be included in a hazard mitigation plan by the planning team.
The planning team also may identify additional types of capabilities relevant to mitigation planning.
4.1. Capability Assessment
The primary types of capabilities for reducing long-term vulnerability through mitigation planning are:
• Planning and regulatory
• Administrative and technical
• Financial
• Education and outreach
Overall, The City of Coronado can improve all its capabilities by enhancing public education, community preparedness, business continuity planning, and seeking opportunities for additional disaster preparedness funding through local, state, and/or federal grants. This can be accomplished through community surveys, research, disaster preparedness training, local business continuity awareness training, and grant funding research opportunities for employees assigned to disaster preparedness.
4.1.1.Planning and Regulatory
Planning and regulatory capabilities are the plans, policies, codes, and ordinances that prevent and reduce the impacts of hazards. Please indicate which of the following your jurisdiction has in place:
Plans Yes/No
Year
Does the plan address hazards?
Does the plan identify projects to include in the
mitigation strategy?
Can the plan be used to implement mitigation actions?
Comprehensive/Master Plan Yes The City has an adopted General Plan which includes a Safety Element and a Natural Hazards Element. The plans may be used to implement mitigation measures.
Capital Improvements Plan Yes The City updates its Capital Improvements Plan (CIP) on an annual basis, coincident with the Annual Budget.
Projects are approved in for the next fiscal year, with future projects listed for awareness. Projects’ mitigation characteristics depend on the scope and type of project. In Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 429
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
7 all cases, completed projects deliver facilities that are built to current code and engineering standards.
Economic Development Plan No N/A
Local Emergency Operations Plan Yes Plan is All Hazards.
Continuity of Operations Plan Varies Some departments have COOP plans. Varies on progress by department.
Transportation Plan Yes The City’s General Plan includes a Circulation Element which can be used to implement mitigation measures.
Stormwater Management Plan Yes The Jurisdictional Runoff Management Plan (JRMP) is updated annually, and submitted in January to the Regional Water Quality Control Board as part of the Water Quality Improvement Plan (WQIP). The plan mitigates
contaminates from the storm water conveyance system to
prevent them from reaching open waters.
Community Wildfire Protection Plan No N/A
M. Real estate disclosure requirements No N/A
Other special plans (e.g., brownfields
redevelopment, disaster recovery, coastal zone
management, climate change adaptation)
Yes
The City has a certified Local Coastal Program and is
preparing a Climate Action Plan. Both may be used to
implement mitigation measures.
TABLE 2: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.1 DATA.
4.1.2.Administrative and Technical
Administrative and technical capabilities include staff and their skills and tools that can be used for mitigation planning and to implement specific mitigation actions. For smaller jurisdictions without local staff resources, if there are public resources at the next higher-level government that can provide technical assistance, indicate so in your comments:
Administration Yes/No Describe capability
Is coordination effective?
Planner(s) or engineer(s) with knowledge of
land
development and land management practices
Yes The City is fully equipped with a staff of qualified planners and engineers who coordinate closely and
effectively.
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 430
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
8 Engineer(s) or professional(s) trained in
construction practices related to buildings
and/or infrastructure
Yes PSE
Planners or Engineer(s) with an understanding
of natural and/or manmade hazards
Yes The City has planners and engineers on staff who
understand natural and manmade hazards and risk
reduction strategies.
Mitigation Planning Committee No N/A
Maintenance programs to reduce risk (e.g.,
tree trimming, clearing drainage systems)
Yes PSE
Mutual aid agreements Yes Regional Public Safety Agreements Staff Yes/No
FT/PT1
Is staffing adequate to enforce regulations? Is staff
trained on hazards and mitigation?
Is coordination between agencies and staff effective?
Chief Building Official Yes, F/T Staffing is adequate to enforce regulations and has some training on hazards and mitigation. The Building Official coordinates with other staff and agencies.
Floodplain Administrator Yes, F/T Staffing is adequate to enforce regulations and has some training on hazards and mitigation. The Floodplain
administrator coordinates with other staff and agencies.
Emergency Manager Yes, F/T Emergency Management Coordinator is trained on multiple hazards. Coordination between agency and staff is effective.
Surveyors No N/A
Staff with education or expertise to assess the
community’s vulnerability to hazards
Yes, F/T Public Safety Agencies have understanding of
community vulnerability and hazards. Coordination
amongst agencies are effective.
Community Planner Yes, F/T Staffing is adequate to enforce regulations and has some training on hazards and mitigation. Planners coordinate with other staff and agencies.
Scientists familiar with the hazards of the
community
No The City does not employ a scientist with special hazards knowledge or training.
Civil Engineer Yes, F/T PSE
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SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
9 Personnel skilled in GIS and/or HAZUS Yes, F/T The City has staff who are knowledgeable and experienced with GIS applications.
Grant writers Yes, F/T The City has staff who are knowledgeable and experienced with preparing grant applications who
coordinate with other staff and agencies as needed.
Other N/A
TABLE 3:FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.1 DATA CONTINUED.
4.1.3.Financial
Identify whether your jurisdiction has access to or is eligible to use the following funding resources for hazard mitigation:
Funding Resource Access/
Eligibility
(Yes/No)
Has the funding resource been used in past and for
what type of activities?
Could the resource be used to fund future mitigation
actions?
Community Development Block Grants
(CDBG)
Yes/Potentially Eligible in certain circumstances
Capital improvements project funding Yes/Yes Council approval required Authority to levy taxes for specific purposes Yes/Yes 2/3 voter approval Fees for water, sewer, gas, or electric service Yes/Yes Sewer only Impact fees for homebuyers or developers for
new developments/homes
No N/A
Incur debt through general obligation bonds Yes 2/3 voter approval Incur debt through special tax and revenue
bonds
Yes 2/3 voter approval
Incur debt through private activity bonds No
TABLE 4: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.1 DATA CONTINUED.
Attachment 3
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SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
10 4.1.4.Education and Outreach
Identify education and outreach programs and methods already in place that could be used to implement mitigation activities and communicate hazard-related information:
Program/Organization Yes/No
Describe program/organization and how relates to
disaster resilience and mitigation.
Could the program/organization help implement
future mitigation activities?
Local citizen groups or non-profit
organizations focused on environmental
protection, emergency preparedness, access
and functional needs populations, etc.
No N/A
Ongoing public education or information
program (e.g., responsible water use, fire
safety, household preparedness,
environmental education)
Yes Fire Department maintains public education information that is available. Topics include fire safety and disaster preparedness.
Natural disaster or safety related school
programs
Yes Fire Department has a Ready Coronado Program that teaches about safety and disaster readiness. This program is available upon request.
StormReady certification Yes The City has obtained Storm Ready certification from the National Weather Service.
Firewise Communities certification No N/A
Public-private partnership initiatives
addressing disaster-related issues
No N/A
Other N/A
TABLE 5: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.1 DATA CONTINUED.
Attachment 3
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11 4.2. Safe Growth Audit
Identify gaps in your community’s growth guidance instruments and improvements that could be made to reduce vulnerability to future development:
Comprehensive Plan Yes No
Land Use
1. Does the future land-use map clearly identify natural hazard areas? X
2. Do the land-use policies discourage development or redevelopment within natural hazard areas?
X
3. Does the plan provide adequate space for expected future growth in areas located outside natural hazard areas?
X
Transportation
1. Does the transportation plan limit access to hazard areas? X
2. Is transportation policy used to guide growth to safe locations? X
3. Are movement systems designed to function under disaster conditions (e.g., evacuation)? X There are only two surface egress avenues for the City: the Silver Strand Highway, SR-75, to the south and the San Diego-Coronado Bridge, SR-75, to the East. After a major seismic event the Bridge would be closed until Caltrans engineers could inspect and attest that the Bridge is safe for use. – The City does not have personnel movement systems. Within City facilities there are only two personnel elevators, which only travel one floor in distance. There are multiple stair options for both these facilities.
TABLE 6: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.2 DATA.
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12 Comprehensive Plan (continued) Yes No
Environmental Management
1. Are environmental systems that protect development from hazards identified and mapped?
X
2. Do environmental policies maintain and restore protective ecosystems? X
3. Do environmental policies provide incentives to development that is located outside protective ecosystems?
X
Public Safety
1. Are the goals and policies of the comprehensive plan related to those of the FEMA Local Hazard Mitigation Plan?
X
2. Is safety explicitly included in the plan’s growth and development policies? X
3. Does the monitoring and implementation section of the plan cover safe growth objectives?
X
TABLE 7: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.2 DATA CONTINUED.
Zoning Ordinance Yes No
1. Does the zoning ordinance conform to the comprehensive plan in terms of discouraging development or redevelopment within natural hazard areas? X
Attachment 3
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13 2. Does the ordinance contain natural hazard overlay zones that set conditions for land use within such zones?
X
3. Do rezoning procedures recognize natural hazard areas as limits on zoning changes that allow greater intensity or density of use?
X
4. Does the ordinance prohibit development within, or filling of, wetlands, floodways, and floodplains?
X
Subdivision Regulations Yes No
1. Do the subdivision regulations restrict the subdivision of land within or adjacent to natural hazard areas?
X
2. Do the regulations provide for conservation subdivisions or cluster subdivisions in order to conserve environmental resources?
X
3. Do the regulations allow density transfers where hazard areas exist? X TABLE 8: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.2 DATA CONTINUED.
Capital Improvement Program and Infrastructure Policies Yes No
1. Does the capital improvement program limit expenditures on projects that would encourage development in areas vulnerable to natural hazards? X
2. Do infrastructure policies limit extension of existing facilities and services that would encourage development in areas vulnerable to natural hazards? X
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14 3. Does the capital improvement program provide funding for hazard mitigation projects identified in the FEMA Mitigation Plan?
X
Other Yes No
1. Do small area or corridor plans recognize the need to avoid or mitigation natural hazards? X
2. Does the building code contain provisions to strengthen or elevate construction to withstand hazard forces?
X
3. Do economic development or redevelopment strategies include provisions for mitigation natural hazards?
X
4. Is there an adopted evacuation and shelter plan to deal with emergencies from natural hazards?
X
TABLE 9: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.2 DATA CONTINUED.
Questions were adapted from Godschalk, David R. Practice Safe Growth Audits, Zoning Practice, Issue Number 10, October 2009, American Planning Association.
4.2.1 Development since 2018 Plan
The City of Coronado is a peninsula with one side bordering a neighboring City. These development constraints have led to increased infill development with the City. New development does not extend City boundaries, it is re-utilizing existing real estate within the City limits.
Most development that occurs is generally as a result of replacing older constructed buildings with newer constructed buildings. In 2019, there was one major construction project for a local resort which resulted in underground parking as well as constructing several new buildings to increase occupancy. Regardless of project size or complexity, all construction is regulated by the Attachment 3
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SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
15 most up-to-date Building and Fire Codes. Currently, there is no method to track permits issued inside the Tsunami Inundation Zones, and according to FEMA, there are no designated flood zones inside the City boundary. Additionally, with the exception of more occupancy in the City potentially exposed to natural hazards, these changes in development should not cause a significant increase in vulnerability.
Community Development tracked total new construction permits issued since the 2018 plan. A summary of this development is shown in the table below:
Property Use 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Residential 32 28 29 50 52
In 2021, the City Council approved the final draft of the Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Plan. This plan was implemented to understand the potential effects of sea level rise and to explore possible mitigation strategies. The Vulnerability Assessment identifies areas in Coronado that are subject to projected sea level rise, rising tides, storm surge, coastal flooding and erosion through 2100. The Adaptation Plan provides a variety of possible strategies and approaches that the City and public and private property owners can use to plan for and to address impacts identified by the Vulnerability Assessment.
4.3. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
As a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), a community develops capabilities for conducting flood mitigation activities. The hazard mitigation plan must describe each jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP. Participating communities must describe their continued compliance with NFIP requirements. The mitigation plan must do more than state that the community will continue to comply with the NFIP. Each jurisdiction must describe their floodplain management program and address how they will continue to comply with the NFIP requirements. The local floodplain administrator is often the primary source for this information.
Jurisdictions where FEMA has issued a floodplain map but are currently not participating in the NFIP may meet this requirement by describing the reasons why the community does not participate. Plan updates must meet the same requirements and document any change in floodplain management programs.
The City of Coronado actively participates in the National Flood Insurance Program.
NFIP Topic Source of Information Comments
Insurance Summary
How many NFIP policies are in the
community? What is the total premium
and coverage?
State NFIP Coordinator or
FEMA NFIP Specialist
192 NFIP policies, Total Premium=$118,559
Total coverage=$64,430,000
Attachment 3
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16 How many claims have been paid in the
community? What is the total amount of
paid claims? How many of the claims
were for substantial damage?
FEMA NFIP or Insurance
Specialist
4 claims paid, Total amount paid
claims=$308,000, Substantial damage
claims=0
How many structures are exposed to
flood risk within the community?
San Diego County Office
of Emergency Services
118
Describe any areas of flood risk with
limited NFIP policy coverage
Community FPA and
FEMA Insurance
Specialist
All NFIP policies are non-SFHA policies
Staff Resources
Is the Community FPA or NFIP
Coordinator certified?
Community FPA No
Is floodplain management an auxiliary
function?
Community FPA Yes
Provide an explanation of NFIP
administration services (e.g., permit
review, GIS, education or outreach,
inspections, engineering capability)
Community FPA Permit review, GIS, code maintenance
What are the barriers to running an
effective NFIP program in the
community, if any?
Community FPA N/A
Compliance History
Is the community in good standing with
the NFIP?
State NFIP Coordinator,
FEMA NFIP Specialist,
community records
Yes
Are there any outstanding compliance
issues (i.e., current violations)?
No
When was the most recent Community
Assistance Visit (CAV) or Community
Assistance Contact (CAC)?
01/27/2010
Is a CAV or CAC scheduled or needed? CAV needed 2025
TABLE 10: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.3 DATA.
NFIP Topic Source of Information Comments
Regulation
When did the community enter the
NFIP?
Community Status Book
http://www.fema.gov/
national-flood-insuranceprogram/national-flood06/01/1982 Attachment 3
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17 insurance-programcommunity-status-book
Are the FIRMs digital or paper? Community FPA Digital
Do floodplain development regulations
meet or exceed FEMA or State
minimum requirements? If so, in what
ways?
Community FPA The City’s Floodplain Management Ordinance was updated in 2019 and was deemed compliant by
FEMA
Provide an explanation of the permitting
process.
Community FPA, State,
FEMA NFIP
New development that occurs within mapped flood
zones are reviewed to ensure compliance with
federal, state, and local flood standards.
Flood Insurance Manual
http://www.fema.gov/
flood-insurance-manual
Community FPA, FEMA
CRS Coordinator, ISO
representative
Community Rating System (CRS)
Does the community participate in
CRS?
Community FPA, State,
FEMA NFIP
No
What is the community’s CRS Class
Ranking?
Flood Insurance Manual
http://www.fema.gov/
flood-insurance-manual
N/A
TABLE 11: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.3 DATA CONTINUED.
Attachment 3
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18 5. SECTION FIVE: Conduct a Risk
Assessment
The planning team conducts a risk assessment to determine the potential impacts of hazards to the people, economy, and built and natural environments of the community. The risk assessment provides the foundation for the rest of the mitigation planning process, which is focused on identifying and prioritizing actions to reduce risk to hazards.
In addition to forming the mitigation strategy, the risk assessment also can be used to establish emergency preparedness and response priorities for land use and comprehensive planning, decision making by elected officials, city departments, businesses, and organizations within the community.
The City’s top priority hazards were determined by the Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Team using jurisdictional-level hazard maps and data, historical records, vulnerability assessments, and input from subject matter experts.
5.1. Hazards Summary
Summarize hazard description information and identify which hazards are most significant to the planning area:
Hazard
Location
(Geographic
Area
Affected)
Maximum
Probable Extent
(Magnitude/Streng
th)
Probability of
Future Events
Overall
Significance
Ranking
Avalanche Negligible Weak Unlikely Low
Dam Failure Negligible Weak Unlikely Medium
Drought Significant Severe Likely High
Earthquake Extensive Extreme Likely Medium
Erosion Limited Weak Occasional Low
Expansive Soils Significant Moderate Unlikely Low
Extreme Cold Negligible Weak Unlikely Low
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19 Extreme Heat Significant Moderate Likely Low
Flood Extensive Severe Likely Medium
Hail Negligible Weak Unlikely Low
Hurricane Significant Moderate Unlikely Low
Landslide Negligible Weak Unlikely Low
Lightning Limited Moderate Occasional Low
Sea Level Rise/Coastal Storms Significant Moderate Occasional Low Severe Wind Extensive Moderate Likely Low
Severe Winter Weather Negligible Weak Unlikely Low
Storm Surge Significant Weak Unlikely Low
Subsidence Negligible Weak Unlikely Low
Tornado Limited Weak Unlikely Low
Tsunami Significant Severe Likely Low
Wildfire Limited Moderate Unlikely High
TABLE 12: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 5.1 DATA.
Definitions for Classifications
Location (Geographic Area Affected)
• Negligible: Less than 10 percent of planning area or isolated single-point occurrences • Limited: 10 to 25 percent of the planning area or limited single-point occurrences Attachment 3
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20 • Significant: 25 to 75 percent of planning area or frequent single-point occurrences • Extensive: 75 to 100 percent of planning area or consistent single-point occurrences Maximum Probable Extent (Magnitude/Strength based on historic events or future probability)
• Weak: Limited classification on scientific scale, slow speed of onset or short duration of event, resulting in little to no damage
• Moderate: Moderate classification on scientific scale, moderate speed of onset or moderate duration of event, resulting in some damage and loss of services for days • Severe: Severe classification on scientific scale, fast speed of onset or long duration of event, resulting in devastating damage and loss of services for weeks or months • Extreme: Extreme classification on scientific scale, immediate onset or extended duration of event, resulting in catastrophic damage and uninhabitable conditions Hazard Scale / Index Weak Moderate Severe Extreme
Drought Palmer Drought Severity Index3 -1.99 to
+1.99
-2.00 to
-2.99
-3.00 to
-3.99
-4.00 and
below
Earthquake
Modified Mercalli Scale4 I to IV V to VII VII IX to XII Richter Magnitude5 2, 3 4, 5 6 7, 8
Hurricane Wind Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind
Scale6
1 2 3 4, 5
Tornado Fujita Tornado Damage Scale7 F0 F1, F2 F3 F4, F5 Probability of Future Events
• Unlikely: Less than 1 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years.
• Occasional: 1 to 10 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 11 to 100 years.
• Likely: 10 to 90 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 1 to 10 years
• Highly Likely: 90 to 100 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of less than 1 year.
Overall Significance
• Low: Two or more criteria fall in lower classifications, or the event has a minimal impact on the planning area. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a minimal or unknown record of occurrences or for hazards with minimal mitigation potential. • Medium: The criteria fall mostly in the middle ranges of classifications and the event’s impacts on the planning area are noticeable but not devastating. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a high extent rating but very low probability rating.
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21 • High: The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.
5.1.1 Hazard Profiles
Drought
• Significant: 25 to 75 percent of planning area or frequent single-point occurrences • Likely: 10 to 90 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 1 to 10 years
• Severe: Severe classification on scientific scale, fast speed of onset or long duration of event, resulting in devastating damage and loss of services for weeks or months • High: The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.
Justification:
Statewide multiple year droughts have occurred numerous times since 1976 Warming temperatures statewide could result in reduced water supply for the San Diego region.
The State Water Project and Colorado River provide 75% to 95% of the water supply for the San Diego region, depending on the year. Both of these water supplies originate in mountain snowpack. Over the past 50 years across most of the Southwest, there has been less late-winter precipitation falling as snow, earlier snowmelt, and earlier arrival of most of the year’s streamflow. Projections of further warming will result in reduced snowpack, which could translate into reduced water supply for the San Diego region’s cities, agriculture, and ecosystems. In fact, studies indicate that San Diego’s sources of water could shrink by 20 percent or more by 2050. An additional threat to water supply is the vulnerability of the levees protecting the California Delta, which feeds the State Water Project. According to the California Adaptation Planning Guide, jurisdictions in the San Diego region must carefully consider the vulnerability of their water supply.
Local water managers also report that higher temperatures could lead to increased demand for water for irrigation. Water shortages could become more frequent and more severe in the future, straining the local economy. The potential for drought in San Diego is highly likely.
Earthquake
• Extensive: 75 to 100 percent of planning area or consistent single-point occurrences • Extreme: Extreme classification on scientific scale, immediate onset or extended duration of event, resulting in catastrophic damage and uninhabitable conditions • Likely: 10 to 90 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 1 to 10 years
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22 • Medium: The criteria fall mostly in the middle ranges of classifications and the event’s impacts on the planning area are noticeable but not devastating. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a high extent rating but very low probability rating.
Justification:
Several active fault zones pass through San Diego County An earthquake is a sudden motion or trembling that is caused by a release of strain accumulated within or along the edge of the Earth's tectonic plates. The effects of an earthquake can be felt far beyond the site of its occurrence. They usually occur without warning and, after just a few seconds, can cause massive damage and extensive casualties. Common effects of earthquakes are ground motion and shaking, surface fault ruptures, and ground failure. Ground motion is the vibration or shaking of the ground during an earthquake.
Several major active faults exist in San Diego County, including the Rose Canyon, La Nacion, Elsinore, San Jacinto, Coronado Bank and San Clemente Fault Zones. The Rose Canyon Fault Zone is part of the Newport-Inglewood fault zone, which originates to the north in Los Angeles, and the Vallecitos and San Miguel Fault Systems to the south in Baja California.
The Rose Canyon Fault extends inland from La Jolla Cove, south through Rose Canyon, along the east side of Mission Bay, and out into San Diego Bay. The Rose Canyon Fault is considered the greatest potential threat to San Diego as a region, due to its proximity to areas of high population. The La Nacion Fault Zone is located near National City and Chula Vista. The Elsinore Fault Zone is a branch of the San Andreas Fault System. It originates near downtown Los Angeles and enters San Diego County through the communities of Rainbow and Pala; it then travels in a southeasterly direction through Lake Henshaw, Santa Ysabel, Julian; then down into Anza-Borrego Desert State Park at Agua Caliente Springs, ending at Ocotillo, approximately 40 miles east of downtown.
Flood
• Extensive: 75 to 100 percent of planning area or consistent single-point occurrences • Severe: Severe classification on scientific scale, fast speed of onset or long duration of event, resulting in devastating damage and loss of services for weeks or months • Likely: 10 to 90 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 1 to 10 years
• High: The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.
Justification:
Much of San Diego County is located within the 100-year floodplain Flash floods and other flood events occur regularly during rainstorms due to terrain and hydrology of San Diego County
There have been multiple Proclaimed States of Emergency between 1950-2019 for floods in San Diego County
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23 A flood occurs when excess water from snowmelt, rainfall, or storm surge accumulates and overflows onto a river’s bank or to adjacent floodplains. Floodplains are lowlands adjacent to rivers, lakes, and oceans that are subject to recurring floods. Most injuries and deaths from flood occur when people are swept away by flood currents, and property damage typically occurs as a result of inundation by sediment-filled water.
Several factors determine the severity of floods, including rainfall intensity and duration. A large amount of rainfall over a short time span can result in flash flood conditions. A sudden thunderstorm or heavy rain, dam failure, or sudden spills can cause flash flooding. The National Weather Service’s definition of a flash flood is a flood occurring in a watershed where the time of travel of the peak of flow from one end of the watershed to the other is less than six hours.
There are no watersheds in San Diego County that have a longer response time than six hours. In this county, flash floods range from the stereotypical wall of water to a gradually rising stream.
The central and eastern portions of San Diego County are most susceptible to flash floods where mountain canyons, dry creek beds, and high deserts are the prevailing terrain.
Wildfire
• Limited: 10 to 25 percent of the planning area or limited single-point occurrences • Moderate: Moderate classification on scientific scale, moderate speed of onset or moderate duration of event, resulting in some damage and loss of services for days • Unlikely: Less than 1 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years.
• High: The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.
Justification:
San Diego County experiences wildfires on a regular basis Twelve States of Emergency were declared for wildfires between 1950-2020 Terrain and climate of San Diego
Santa Ana Winds
A structure fire hazard is one where there is a risk of a fire starting in an urban setting and spreading uncontrollably from one building to another across several city blocks, or within highrise buildings.
A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire spreading through vegetative fuels and exposing or possibly consuming structures. They often begin unnoticed and spread quickly. Naturally occurring and non-native species of grasses, brush, and trees fuel wildfires.
San Diego County’s topography consists of a semi-arid coastal plain and rolling highlands which, when fueled by shrub overgrowth, occasional Santa Ana winds and high temperatures, Attachment 3
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24 creates an ever-present threat of wildland fire. Extreme weather conditions such as high temperature, low humidity, and/or winds of extraordinary force may cause an ordinary fire to expand into one of massive proportions.
Large fires would have several indirect effects beyond those that a smaller, more localized fire would create. These may include air quality and health issues, road closures, business closures, and others that increase the potential losses that can occur from this hazard. Modeling for a larger type of fire would be difficult, but the consequences of the three largest San Diego fires this century (October, 2003, October 2007 and May 2014) should be used as a guide for fire planning and mitigation.
Sea Level Rise
• Significant: 25 to 75 percent of planning area or frequent single-point occurrences • Moderate: Moderate classification on scientific scale, moderate speed of onset or moderate duration of event, resulting in some damage and loss of services for days • Occasional: 1 to 10 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 11 to 100 years.
• Medium: The criteria fall mostly in the middle ranges of classifications and the event’s impacts on the planning area are noticeable but not devastating. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a high extent rating but very low probability rating.
Attachment 3
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25 Justification
Sea levels measured at a station in La Jolla have risen at a rate of 6 inches over the last century
Coastline stabilization measures have been implemented at various times in the past (erosion)
Extensive development along the coast
Coastal storms can cause increases in tidal elevations (called storm surge), wind speed, and erosion. The most dangerous and damaging feature of a coastal storm is storm surge. Storm surges are large waves of ocean water that sweep across coastlines where a storm makes landfall.
Storm surges can inundate coastal areas, wash out dunes, and cause backwater flooding. If a storm surge occurs at the same time as high tide, the water height will be even greater.
With up to two feet of sea level rise projected by 2050, low-lying areas could become inundated more frequently and with increasingly higher water levels. In addition, storm related flooding may reach further inland and occur more often. Beaches and cliffs could also see increased erosion as they are exposed to more hours of high sea levels and wave action. The NOAA Sea Level Rise Viewer allows for planers to predict the impact of sea level rise over the next several decades. It can be found at https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/tools/slr.
According to the Sea Level Rise Adaptation Strategy for the San Diego Bay, the sectors that are most vulnerable to sea level rise are storm water, wastewater, shoreline parks, transportation facilities, commercial buildings, and ecosystems. Low-lying communities, such as Imperial Beach, Coronado, Mission Beach, and parts of La Jolla Shores, Del Mar, and Oceanside may be particularly vulnerable to sea level rise. In addition, some of San Diego’s military installations and the region controlled by the Port of San Diego may also be affected. However, sea level rise is considered (on a scale of low, medium, high, very high) a low hazard for the region.
Coastal erosion is the wearing of coastal land. It is commonly used to describe the horizontal retreat of the shoreline along the ocean and is considered a function of larger processes of shoreline change, which include erosion and accretion. Erosion results when more sediment is lost along a particular shoreline than is deposited by the water body and is measured as a rate with respect to either a linear retreat or volumetric loss. Erosion rates are not uniform and vary over time at any single location. Various locations along the Coast of San Diego County are highly susceptible to erosion. Erosion prevention and repair measures such as installation of seawalls and reinforcement of cliffs have been required in different locations along the San Diego coast in the past. The risk/probability of coastal erosion in San Diego County is considered “Likely”.
Attachment 3
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26 Attachment 3
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27 Attachment 3
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28 o Cumulative meteorological drought and wet conditions: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/ o Earthquake intensity and effect on population and structures: http://earthquake.usgs.gov o Earthquake magnitude as a logarithmic scale, measured by a seismograph: http://earthquake.usgs.gov o Hurricane rating based on sustained wind speed: http://nhc.noaa.gov o Tornado rating based on wind speed and associated damage: http://spc.noaa.gov
5.1.2 Hazard Omission Rationale
During the initial evaluation, only hazards that received a High or Medium ranking in Section 5.1 were considered in this mitigation planning process. One hazard of medium ranking was excluded from profiling because it posed minimal impact to portions of the City despite its potential significance rating.
Hazard Description Reason for Exclusion
Dam Failure Catastrophic rupture of the dam
structure causing downstream
flooding and the possibility of
human injury or loss of life.
Due to a lack of historical
incidents, it is unknown what
harm a dam failure may cause.
However, if failure were to
occur, it would present a threat
to limited portions of the City.
5.2 Potential Hazard Exposure and Loss Estimates
The City of Coronado reviewed a set of jurisdictional-level hazard maps and data provided by the County of San Diego, including detailed critical facility information and localized potential hazard exposure/loss estimates related to residential, commercial, and critical asset/facilities to identify the top hazards threatening their City. Potential hazard exposure/loss estimates are summarized in Table 5. 2
TABLE 5.2 SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL HAZARD-RELATED EXPOSURE/LOSS IN
CITY OF CORONADO
Residential Commercial Critical Facilities
Hazard Type
Exposed
Population
Number of
Residential
Buildings
Potential
Exposure Loss
for Residential
Buildings
Number of
Commerci
al
Buildings
Potential
Exposure Loss
for
Commercial
Buildings
Number of
Critical
Facilities
Potential
Exposure for
Critical
Facilities
Attachment 3
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29 TABLE 5.3 INVENTORY EXPOSURE FOR INFRASTRUCTURE IN
CITY OF CORONADO
Coastal Storm 3,506 0 0 2 $604,700 1 $6,670,000
Sea Level Rise
Coastal Flooding 1,750 112 $435,232,00 6 $1,814,100 0 0 Mean Higher High
Water
Dam Failure 2,275 392 $152,331,200 5
$1,511,750 0 0
Earthquake (Loss)
(Annualized Loss -
Includes shaking,
liquefaction and
landslide
components)
1,275 2,419 $1,079,929,973 201 $81,574,030 10 $130,548,000 100 Year 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
500 Year 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rose Canyon M6.9
Scenario 19,375 7,211 $2,801,473,500 857 $259,113,950 17 $418,679,250 Floods (Loss)
100 Year 4,022 0 0 2 $604,700 1 $6,670,000
500 Year 4,022 0 0 2 $604,700 1 $6,670,000
Rain-Induced Landslide
High Risk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Moderate Risk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsunami 24,603 3,043 $1,182,507,800 103 $31,142,050 1 $6,670,000 Wildfire/Structure Fire
High Fire Hazard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Very High Fire
Hazard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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City of Coronado Page 452
SECTION FIVE | Conduct a Risk Assessment
30 Hazard Type Data HWY OIL GAS RR TOTAL
Coastal Storm Total KMs 1.652 2.853 0 4.505
Exposure
(x$1,000) 11013.902 1948.451 0 12962.354
Sea Level Rise
Coastal
Flooding Total KMs 16.09656 0 0 16.09656
Exposure
(x$1,000)
107331.882 0 0 107331.882
Mean Higher
High Water Total KMs 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0
Dam Failure Total KMs 0.898588 0.400102 0 1.29869
Exposure
(x$1,000)
5991.785 273.27 0 6265.054
Flood (Loss)
100 Year Total KMs 1.6518 2.904333 0 1.6518
Exposure
(x$1,000)
11013.902 1983.659 0 11013.902
500 Year Total KMs 1.65176 2.90433 0 4.55609
Exposure
(x$1,000)
11013.902 1983.659 0 1994708.9
Rain-Induced Landslide
High Risk Total KMs 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0
Moderate Risk Total KMs 0 0 0
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0
Tsunami Total KMs 44.78562 9.26038 0 98.83162
Exposure
(x$1,000)
298630.487 6324.837 0 304955.324
Wildfire/Structure Fire
Total KMs 0 0 0
High Fire
Hazard
Exposure
(x$1,000)
0 0 0
Very High Fire
Hazard
Total KMs 0 0 0
Exposure
(x1000)
0 0 0
Total Number 66.736328 18.322145 126.93976
Total Exposure (x $1,000) $444,995,860 $12,513,876 $457,509,736 Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 453
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
31 6. SECTION SIX: Develop a Mitigation
Strategy
The mitigation strategy serves as the long-term blueprint for reducing potential losses identified in the risk assessment. The mitigation strategy describes how the community will accomplish the overall purpose, or mission, of the planning process.
The mitigation strategy is made up of three main required components: mitigation goals, mitigation actions, and an action plan for implementation. These provide the framework to identify, prioritize, and implement actions to reduce risk to hazards.
Mitigation goals are general guidelines that explain what the community wants to achieve with the plan They are usually broad policy-type statements that are long-term, and they represent visions for reducing or avoiding losses from the identified hazards Mitigation actions are specific projects and activities that help achieve the goals.
The action plan describes how the mitigation actions will be implemented, including how those actions will be prioritized, administered, and incorporated into the community’s existing planning mechanisms. In a multi-jurisdictional plan, each jurisdiction must have an action plan specific to that jurisdiction and its vulnerabilities.
Although not required, some communities choose to develop objectives to help define or organize mitigation actions. Objectives are broader than specific actions, but are measurable, unlike goals. Objectives connect goals with the actual mitigation actions
6.1. Mitigation Action Evaluation
Use this worksheet to help evaluate and prioritize each mitigation action being considered by the planning team. For each action, evaluate the potential benefits and/or likelihood of successful implementation for the criteria defined below.
Rank each of the criteria with a -1, 0 or 1 using the following scale:
• 1 = Highly effective or feasible
• 0 = Neutral
• -1 = Ineffective or not feasible
Example Evaluation Criteria:
• Life Safety – How effective will the action be at protecting lives and preventing injuries?
• Property Protection – How significant will the action be at eliminating or reducing damage to structures and infrastructure?
• Technical – Is the mitigation action technically feasible? Is it a long-term solution? Eliminate actions that, from a technical standpoint, will not meet the goals.
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 454
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
32 • Political – Is there overall public support for the mitigation action? Is there the political will to support it?
• Legal – Does the community have the authority to implement the action? • Environmental – What are the potential environmental impacts of the action? Will it comply with environmental regulations?
• Social – Will the proposed action adversely affect one segment of the population? Will the action disrupt established neighborhoods, break up voting districts, or cause the relocation of lower income people?
• Administrative – Does the community have the personnel and administrative capabilities to implement the action and maintain it or will outside help be necessary? • Local Champion – Is there a strong advocate for the action or project among local departments and agencies that will support the action’s implementation? • Other Community Objectives – Does the action advance other community objectives, such as capital improvements, economic development, environmental quality, or open space preservation? Does it support the policies of the comprehensive plan? Mitigation Action Life
Safety
Property
Protection
TechnicalPoliticalLegal Environ
mental
Social Admini
strative
Local
Champion
Other
Community
Objectives
Total
Score
Local Plans and Regulations
Promote disaster resistant future
development.
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 6
Improve hazard mitigation
coordination and communication
with federal, state, local and
tribal governments
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 5
Structure and Infrastructure Projects
Reduce the possibility of damage
and losses to existing assets
(people, critical
facilities/infrastructure) due to
local hazards (floods, urban
conflagrations, severe weather,
geological hazards)
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 8
Natural Systems Protection
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 455
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
33 Education and Awareness Programs
Promote public understanding,
support and demand for hazard
mitigation.
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 3
Build and support local capacity
and commitment to continuously
become less vulnerable to
hazards.
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 8
TABLE 13: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 6.1 DATA.
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 456
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
34 6.2. Mitigation Action Implementation
A mitigation action is a specific action, project, activity, or process taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from hazards and their impacts. Implementing mitigation actions helps achieve the plan’s mission and goals. The actions to reduce vulnerability to threats and hazards form the core of the plan and are a key outcome of the planning process. For more information on potential funding sources and grants on mitigation actions, please see the County of San Diego Multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Base Plan, Section 6.2. This annex details the following mitigation action implementations:
Action 1:
Jurisdiction: City of Coronado
Mitigation Action/Project Title: Project:
Promote disaster resistant future development
Action:
Add Tsunami Inundation Zones to GIS mapping
Adopt new building codes to ensure the highest level of safety for new construction.
Seek potential funding sources for earthquake retrofitting of existing non-compliant structures.
Implement the Vulnerability Assessment Plan.
Hazards Addressed Earthquake, Flood, Sea Level Rise
Background/Issue: The City of Coronado has a vested interest in reducing the risk to life and property within the community.
Ideas for Integration: • Maintain and update the general plan and zoning ordinances to limit development in hazard areas.
• Maintain and update building codes that protect renovated existing assets and new development in hazard areas.
• Encourage consistent enforcement of general plans, zoning ordinances and building codes.
• Discourage future development that exacerbates hazardous conditions.
Responsible Agency: Community Development
Fire Department
Potential Funding: General Fund
Cost Estimate: Undetermined
Timeline: Ongoing
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 457
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
35 Worksheet Completed by: Division Chief Jayson Summers Division Chief Jeff Terwilliger
Action 2:
Jurisdiction: City of Coronado
Mitigation Action/Project Title: Project:
Promote public understanding, support and demand for hazard mitigation.
Action:
Quarterly community meetings to review case studies of previous disasters.
Joint training with military partners in jurisdiction.
Implement ReadySanDiego.gov education program
Hazards Addressed Drought, Earthquake, Flood, Wildfire, Sea Level Rise Background/Issue: The City of Coronado has a vested interest in reducing the risk to life and property within the community.
Ideas for Integration: • Educate the public to increase awareness of hazards and opportunities for mitigation actions.
• Promote partnerships between state, county and local governments to identify, prioritize and implement mitigation actions.
• Discourage activities that exacerbate hazardous conditions.
Responsible Agency: Fire Department
Partners: Police Department, Community Development
Potential Funding: General Fund
Cost Estimate: Undetermined
Timeline: Ongoing
Worksheet Completed by: Division Chief Jayson Summers
Division Chief Jeff Terwilliger
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 458
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
36 Action 3:
Jurisdiction: City of Coronado
Mitigation Action/Project Title: Project:
Improve hazard mitigation, coordination with federal, state, local and tribal governments.
Action:
Share updated HMP with military, and jurisdictional partners.
Sponsor City of Coronado employee training for disaster recovery methods and funding sources.
Hazards Addressed Drought, Earthquake, Flood, Wildfire, Sea Level Rise Background/Issue: The City of Coronado has a vested interest in reducing the risk to life and property within the community.
Ideas for Integration: • Establish and maintain closer working relationships with state agencies, local and tribal governments
• Improve the city’s capability and efficiency at administering pre and post disaster mitigation
Responsible Agency: Fire Department
Partners: All City Departments
Potential Funding: General Fund
Cost Estimate: Undetermined
Timeline: Ongoing
Worksheet Completed by: Division Chief Jayson Summers
Division Chief Jeff Terwilliger
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 459
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
37 Action 4:
Jurisdiction: City of Coronado
Mitigation Action/Project Title: Project:
Reduce the possibility of damage and losses to new and existing assets due to local hazards.
Action:
Adopt new building codes to ensure the highest level of safety for new construction.
Seek out potential funding sources for earthquake retrofitting of existing non-compliant structures.
Hazards Addressed Drought, Earthquake, Flood, Wildfire, Sea Level Rise Background/Issue: The City of Coronado has a vested interest in reducing the risk to life and property within the community.
Ideas for Integration: • Develop a comprehensive approach to reducing the possibility of damage and losses from local hazards
• Coordinating with and support existing efforts to mitigate local hazards Responsible Agency: Community Development
Fire Department
Partners: All City Departments
Potential Funding: General Fund
Cost Estimate: Undetermined
Timeline: Ongoing
Worksheet Completed by: Division Chief Jayson Summers
Division Chief Jeff Terwilliger
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 460
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
38 Action 5:
Jurisdiction: City of Coronado
Mitigation Action/Project Title: Project:
Build and support local capacity and commitment to continuously become less vulnerable to hazards
Actions:
Quarterly training for community groups.
Quarterly training for community and senior centers.
Add disaster preparedness tools and information to City website.
Hazards Addressed Drought, Earthquake, Flood, Wildfire, Sea Level Rise Background/Issue: The City of Coronado has a vested interest in reducing the risk to life and property within the community.
Ideas for Integration: • Increase awareness and knowledge of hazard mitigation principles and practices amongst local officials
• Develop a model hazard mitigation plan
• Provide web-based information regarding mitigation on city website Responsible Agency: Fire Department
Partners: San Diego County, IT Department
Potential Funding: General Fund
Cost Estimate: Undetermined
Timeline: Ongoing
Worksheet Completed by: Division Chief Jayson Summers
Division Chief Jeff Terwilliger
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 461
39 7. SECTION SEVEN: Keep the Plan
Current
Hazard Mitigation Plan maintenance is the process the planning team establishes to track the plan’s implementation progress and to inform the plan update. The plan must include a description of the method and schedule for monitoring, evaluating, and updating it within a 5- year cycle. These procedures help to:
• Ensure that the mitigation strategy is implemented according to the plan. • Provide the foundation for an ongoing mitigation program in your community. • Standardize long-term monitoring of hazard-related activities. • Integrate mitigation principles into community officials’ daily job responsibilities and department roles.
• Maintain momentum through continued engagement and accountability in the plan’s progress.
Hazard Mitigation Plan updates provide the opportunity to consider how well the procedures established in the previously approved plan worked and revise them as needed. This annex is part of the most recent San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan update. The plan was last updated in 2018. See the San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan for more information.
The City has added a staff position to oversee Emergency Management. The position is responsible for overseeing the Emergency Operations Center (EOC), as well as ensuring staff are ready and trained to respond to various disasters. Currently, all personnel assigned to the EOC are actively being trained in their specific position. Additionally, the Emergency Manager is responsible for monitoring the current plan goals and ensuring the City is accomplishing them.
They City is also actively engaged in the adoption of new and updated codes related to the Building Code, Residential Code, Electric Code, Mechanical Code, Plumbing Code, Energy Code, Historic Building Code, Fire Code, Existing Building Code, Green Building Standards, and Referenced Standards Code.
7.1. Mitigation Action Progress
Plan monitoring means tracking the implementation of the plan over time. The plan must identify how, when, and by whom the plan will be monitored.
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 462
40 Progress Report Period From Date: 2018 To Date: 2022 Action/Project Title Increase and enhance EOC Operations Responsible Agency Fire Department
Contact Name Division Chief in charge of Emergency Management Project Status o Project Ongoing
Summary of Project Progress for this Report Period
What was accomplished for this project during this reporting period? • Technology enhancement which allows for multiple screen usage, telecommuting/ teleconferencing, Citywide monitoring of security camera system, remote access for Command and General Staff
What obstacles, problems, or delays did the project encounter? • None
If uncompleted, is the project still relevant? Should the project be changed or revised? • Project is on-going. Currently building new staff to fill all positions of the EOC.
Progress Report Period From Date: 2018 To Date: 2022
Action/Project Title NIMS/SEMS/ICS training for city personnel Responsible Agency City of Coronado
Contact Name Division Chief in charge of Emergency Management Contact Phone/Email 619-481-9126
[email protected]
Project Status o Project Ongoing
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 463
41 Summary of Project Progress for this Report Period
What was accomplished for this project during this reporting period? • New employees required to attend and complete NIMS 100, 200, 700 and 800 Progress Report Period From Date: 2018 To Date: 2022
Action/Project Title Participate in Regional Exercises and Training Programs Responsible Agency City of Coronado
Contact Name Jayson Summers
Contact Phone/Email 619-481-9126
[email protected]
Project Status o Project Ongoing
Summary of Project Progress for this Report Period
What was accomplished for this project during this reporting period? • Participated as a member of the County Disaster Drill Planning Committee for an Active Shooter Response Drill.
• Participated in the current County Disaster Drill Planning Committee for the upcoming drill in 2023.
Progress Report Period From Date: 2018 To Date: 2022
Action/Project Title Continue to support and maintain Community emergency Response Team (CERT) Program
Responsible Agency City of Coronado
Contact Name Division Chief in charge of Emergency Management Contact Phone/Email 619-481-9126
[email protected]
Project Status o CERT program has been discontinued
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 464
42 Summary of Project Progress for this Report Period
What was accomplished for this project during this reporting period? • CERT Program was discontinued and replaced with Ready San Diego. • Currently training community members in disaster preparedness through training and workshops.
Progress Report Period From Date: 2018 To Date: 2022
Action/Project Title Continue to develop pre-incident plan to mitigate hazards and maximize response Responsible Agency Fire Department
Contact Name Fire Marshal
Contact Phone/Email 619-481-9126
[email protected]
Project Status o No longer in progress
Summary of Project Progress for this Report Period
What was accomplished for this project during this reporting period? • Several maps were updated utilizing new software.
• Program is no longer in progress due to funding.
Progress Report Period From Date: 2018 To Date: 2022
Action/Project Title Continue to participate in the Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan planning process. Implement as much of the plan as practical
Responsible Agency City of Coronado
Contact Name Division Chief in charge of Emergency Management Project Status o Actively engaged in updating the City’s Annex Summary of Project Progress for this Report Period
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 465
43 What was accomplished for this project during this reporting period? • The City was able to execute several of the previous Action Items. • Developing new Action Items
Progress Report Period From Date: 2018 To Date: 2022
Action/Project Title Use the City Website to educate the public Responsible Agency City of Coronado
Contact Name Information Technology Department
Project Status o In Progress
Summary of Project Progress for this Report Period
What was accomplished for this project during this reporting period? • They City deployed a new website platform.
• New website has educational links which discuss various items throughout the City.
Progress Report Period From Date: 2018 To Date: 2022
Action/Project Title Update Emergency Preparedness guidelines for the City of Coronado Responsible Agency City of Coronado
Contact Name Division Chief in charge of Emergency Management Project Status o In Progress
Summary of Project Progress for this Report Period
What was accomplished for this project during this reporting period? • Establishing emergency operations center staffing and training Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 466
44 • Development of policies related to disaster response, Emergency Operations Center Operations, and personnel response during disaster.
7.2 Plan Update Evaluation
Plan Section Considerations Explanation
Planning
Process
Should new jurisdictions and/or
districts be invited to participate in
future plan updates?
Yes- Current participants appear robust; however, others may benefit from plan inclusion.
Have any internal or external agencies
been invaluable to the mitigation
strategy?
Yes- County has taken the lead with mitigation planning efforts.
Can any procedures (e.g., meeting
announcements, plan updates) be done
differently or more efficiently?
Yes- Use of virtual meetings continue to provide value.
Has the Planning Team undertaken any
public outreach activities?
Unknown
How can public participation be
improved?
Provide multiple ways in which the public can participate, including virtual meetings.
Have there been any changes in public
support and/or decision- maker
priorities related to hazard mitigation?
No
Capability
Assessment
Have jurisdictions adopted new
policies, plans, regulations, or reports
that could be incorporated into this
plan?
Yes- Coronado has a Sea Level Adaptation Rise Vulnerability Assessment and Adaption Plan.
Are there different or additional
administrative, human, technical, and
financial resources available for
mitigation planning?
No
Are there different or new education
and outreach programs and resources
available for mitigation activities?
No
Has NFIP participation changed in the
participating jurisdictions?
No
Risk
Assessment
Has a natural and/or technical or
human-caused disaster occurred?
Yes- The COVID-19 Pandemic.
Should the list of hazards addressed in
the plan be modified?
Yes- They should be regularly assessed and updated as needed.
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 467
45 Are there new data sources and/or
additional maps and studies available?
If so, what are they and what have they
revealed? Should the information be
incorporated into future plan updates?
Yes- See above regarding the recent Sea Level Rise Adaptation Plan.
Do any new critical facilities or
infrastructure need to be added to the
asset lists?
No
Have any changes in development
trends occurred that could create
additional risks?
No, see development section within this plan
Are there repetitive losses and/or
severe repetitive losses to document?
According to FEMA data, Coronado has 1 residential Repetitive Loss Property.
TABLE 14: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 7.2 DATA.
Plan Section Considerations Explanation
Mitigation
Strategy
Is the mitigation strategy being
implemented as anticipated? Were the
cost and timeline estimates accurate?
Yes
Should new mitigation actions be
added to the Action Plan? Should
existing mitigation actions be revised
or eliminated from the plan?
Yes- Review and revise on a regular basis.
Are there new obstacles that were not
anticipated in the plan that will need to
be considered in the next plan update?
Not anticipated
Are there new funding sources to
consider?
Unknown
Have elements of the plan been
incorporated into other planning
mechanisms?
Yes- Sea Level Adaptation Planning Team was familiar with document during development.
Plan
Maintenance
Procedures
Was the plan monitored and evaluated
as anticipated?
On a limited basis
What are needed improvements to the
procedures?
Routine review and check-in with plan elements.
TABLE 15: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 7.2 DATA CONTINUED Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 468
46 7.3 Opportunities for Future Integration
An important implementation mechanism that is highly effective and low-cost is incorporation of the 2023 Hazard Mitigation Plan updates into other City plans and operations, where appropriate and feasible. Where possible, the Community Development Team will use existing plans and/or programs to implement hazard mitigation actions. As previously stated in Section 7.1, the City already implements policies and programs to reduce losses to life and property from hazards. The 2023 Plan update builds upon the momentum developed through previous City planning efforts and mitigation programs and recommends implementing actions, where possible, through these other plans and programs.
These existing plans and programs include:
• Community Development Planning
▪ The City’s Community Development Team will reference the LHMP while permitting new and existing construction.
• Emergency Operations Plan
▪ The City will ensure that the EOP is integrated with the LHMP by linking the annual review and revision of these documents.
• Climate Action Plan
▪ Continue to implement the Climate Action Plan to reduce GHG emissions.
Update will also include information from the hazard mitigation plan, as appropriate; and also prepare a Climate Adaption Plan.
• Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment
▪ Integrate information on sea level rise from the LHMP into the next vulnerability assessment update.
7.3.1 Existing Integration
In the performance period since adoption of the previous hazard mitigation plan, the City of Coronado made progress on integrating hazard mitigation goals, objectives and actions into other planning initiatives. The following plans and programs currently integrate components of the hazard mitigation strategy:
• Sea Level Rise – Vulnerability Assessment and Adaption Plan, 2022— The Vulnerability Assessment examines the vulnerability of City infrastructure and coastal resources under sea level rise scenarios ranging from 0.8 feet (0.25 meters) to 4.9 feet (1.5 meters), covering projected sea level rise from 2030 to 2130. • Capital Improvement Planning—The Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) includes projects that help mitigate potential hazards. The CIP is updated every year to reflect the Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 469
47 most current project information and funding projections. The City's CIP deals with the physical improvement or replacement of City-owned infrastructure and facilities which is categorized into five areas: City Facilities, Public Facilities, Transportation and Right-ofWay, Wastewater, and Storm Drain.
Attachment 3
City of Coronado Page 470
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Agenda Item 10a: Report on Inter-Agency Committees, Board Assignments, and Meetings for Councilmember Mike Donovan
Period of report: May 1, 2023 to May 31, 2023
Date Activity
5/1/23 Met with Howard Somers, Chair, Mobility Commission.
Met with Navy representatives on Pre-brief NEPA Process for 3rd Carrier. 5/2 Met with City Manager Tina Friend.
5/3 Village Elementary Junior Achievement BizTown Interview Day.
Ribbon Cutting for Rooted Life Family Chiropractic.
5/4 Port of San Diego Working Waterfront 34th Anniversary Dinner. 5/6 Coronado Cays Yacht Club Opening Day Ceremonies.
5/8 Met with resident and former City Councilmember Al Ovrom.
Cal Cities, San Diego County Division meeting.
Met with city staff members re: Historic Context and Survey status. 5/9 USMCA Tijuana River Watershed Public Information Meeting. 5/13 Coronado Art and Wine Festival
5/15 Coronado Naval Complexes Coordinating Group meeting. 5/16 Coronado MainStreet Board meeting.
Met with City Manager Tina Friend.
5/17 Met with John Kim, Dir, Admin Services re: FY 23-24 budget. 5/18 San Diego MTS Board Meeting.
5/20 Avenue of Heroes Ceremony.
5/23 Met with resident Lou Smith.
5/24 Met with Councilmember Tanaka and two July 4th board members. 5/26 Met with Todd Little, Executive Director, Discover Coronado. 5/28 Coronado Yacht Club Opening Day Ceremonies.
Promenade Concerts in the Park Opening.
5/29 Memorial Day ceremony in Star Park.
Review of Climate Action Plan with staff.
5/31 Coronado Historical Association lecture – Mapping Mysteries of Coronado. City of Coronado Page 471
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CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
June 6, 2023 10b
REVIEW AND PROVIDE DIRECTION ON THE PROPOSED CLIMATE ACTION PLAN -
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY, COMMUNITY CHOICE AGGREGATION (CCA) WHITE
PAPER, ZERO-EMISSION PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS, AND DETERMINE THAT
THESE ACTIVITIES ARE EXEMPT FROM ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW PURSUANT TO CEQA SECTION 15063(b)
RECOMMENDATION:
Review and provide direction on the proposed Climate Action Plan - Implementation Plan, Community Choice Aggregation White Paper, Zero-Emission Public Transportation Options and determine that these activities are exempt from environmental review pursuant to CEQA section 15063(b).
BACKGROUND:
The City Council adopted a Climate Action Plan (CAP) on March 15, 2022. The CAP is a comprehensive planning document that outlines specific activities the City can implement to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Collectively, implementation of the GHG reduction measures identified in the CAP is projected to result in an approximate 40% decline in baseline GHG emissions by 2030. At the March 2022 meeting, staff were directed to prepare and return a prioritized CAP Implementation Plan for Council consideration. The CAP can be accessed at the following link: https://www.projectcoronado.org/climate-action-plan Also during the CAP adoption hearing, the City Council directed staff to provide a future report on Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) for future review and consideration. Staff subsequently engaged ICF consultants to prepare a white paper (Attachment 2) to provide an independent assessment of the options, risks, benefits and impacts of potentially joining a CCA.
On February 21, 2023, the City Council directed staff to prepare a report to review the possibility of providing an electric mini shuttle program in Coronado, similar to the Free Ride Everywhere Downtown (FRED) service that is offered in downtown San Diego.
Because both the CCA and zero-emission public transportation options are identified by the CAP as potential GHG reduction measures, these items are being presented in conjunction with the Implementation Plan so that the Council and community may consider those programs within the context of the City’s overarching plan to meet its CAP goals.
ANALYSIS:
The proposed CAP Implementation Plan (Attachment 1) is focused on new programs and activities that can be reasonably implemented in the next 2-3 years. It does not include existing and ongoing programs and activities that are anticipated to continue, such as the Summer Shuttle, Free Commuter Ferry, implementation of the Active Transportation Plan, etc. Adequate funding is available in the Community Development Department annual operating budget, and implementation of the proposed GHG reduction measures is not expected to require additional staffing; however, additional funding would be necessary if the City Council chooses to pursue a zero-emission public transportation program and/or CCA membership.
City of Coronado Page 472
The GHG reduction programs and activities identified in the proposed CAP Implementation Plan were selected because they would address the City’s two largest sources of GHG emissions, transportation and energy consumption, and because they can be reasonably and successfully accomplished in the near-term and within existing budget allocations. Further, they would fulfill the City’s obligations under State law to amend its ordinances to streamline permitting for rooftop solar and electric vehicle charging stations.
I. Proposed CAP Implementation Plan Summary
Consistent with the adopted CAP, the proposed Implementation Plan is focused on incentivebased programs and activities rather than regulatory mandates. The Implementation Plan includes 12 programs to advance the City’s emission reduction goals, listed in the order of proposed prioritization.
The first two listed actions (1,2) are preparation of a CCA white paper and an evaluation of zeroemission public transit options, both of which were subjects of prior City Council direction and are discussed in more detail later in this report. A zero-emission public transportation program and/or pursuing enrollment in a CCA will be incorporated into the CAP Implementation Plan if directed by the City Council.
Action items 3, 4, and 5 are focused on incenting improved residential and commercial energy efficiency by waiving permit fees for eligible green energy projects and creating streamlined permitting processes. These items are proposed for prioritization because they can be achieved in the short-term and would fulfill the City’s obligations to adopt state-mandated programs to encourage development of more rooftop solar systems and electric vehicle (EV) charging facilities. These items can be completed by staff without consultant support.
Action items 6, 7, and 8 would involve studies to evaluate the City’s needs and opportunities to expand its public EV charging infrastructure, add rooftop solar systems to City buildings and facilities, and provide additional bicycle parking in key areas of the City. Studying these needs and opportunities with stakeholder engagement is recommended to ensure subsequent projects are strategic and effective. The EV charging infrastructure needs assessment and the municipal solar feasibility study are anticipated to require consultant support, while the bike parking plan would require little or no consultant assistance
Action item 9 is a proposed free tree event whereby the City would purchase climate-appropriate shade trees for interested Coronado residents to plant on their property to enhance the City’s urban forest, reduce home energy consumption, and provide carbon sequestration benefits. Similar programs have been popular in other cities and can be implemented relatively inexpensively. If approved by the Council, staff would develop a program in 2023 with the goal of initiating a grow contract with a nursery so that trees could be delivered at a free tree event in 2024. This program would be accomplished without any consultant support, although staff would seek opportunities to partner with a non-profit organization such as the Arbor Day Foundation.
Action item 10 is a green building and green business recognition program to encourage development of residential and commercial buildings that are exceptionally energy efficient. Work on this item is proposed to be initiated in 2024 to allow time for staff to research and draft a program for City Council consideration. This item is not expected to require consultant support.
City of Coronado Page 473
Items 11 and 12 are programs to increase the number of electric and hybrid vehicles in the City’s fleet and to work with the Port of San Diego, the U.S. Navy, and other regional partners to pursue expanded and electrified ferry service. Although these programs can start immediately, they would be ongoing efforts that would take several years to successfully complete.
Staff requests Council discussion and direction on the proposed CAP Implementation Plan. The City Council may direct staff to modify the proposed Implementation Plan by adding, removing, modifying, or re-prioritizing any of the proposed programs and activities. Staff will begin working on the action items selected by the City Council in coming weeks and months. Staff will also provide the Council with an annual report to document the progress and accomplishments of the prior year’s work and to seek direction on new or revised actions and programs for future implementation.
II. Zero-Emission Public Transportation Options
The City of Coronado has provided funding to enhance public transportation options since 1999 when it launched the Free Commuter Ferry service between Coronado and downtown San Diego.
In 2013, the City funded and initiated the Free Summer Shuttle to provide an efficient and convenient means to transport visitors and residents along the Orange Avenue corridor. Aside from temporary disruptions during the Covid-19 pandemic, the Free Commuter Ferry and Summer Shuttle Services have been in continual operation since their inceptions and have collectively removed thousands of cars from local roadways and alleviated parking congestion in Coronado’s downtown commercial areas.
The CAP found transportation to be Coronado’s single largest source of GHG emissions and includes GHG reduction measures to reduce single-occupancy vehicle trips through improved public transit options with zero-emission vehicles, including Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs, or “electric mini shuttles”) and electrification of the Free Summer Shuttle.
NEVs and Electric Mini Shuttles
The California Vehicle Code classifies NEVs as low speed vehicles and limits their use to roadways with speed limits of 35 miles-per-hour or less. Colloquially, NEVs often refer to any type of small, electric-powered vehicle that provides an environmentally friendly transportation alternative to conventional passenger automobiles. NEVs can broadly include traditional golf carts, GEM electric cars, and small- to mid-sized electric shuttles.
The City of San Diego’s Free Ride Everywhere Downtown (FRED) vehicles are provided and operated by Circuit. Circuit offers electric mini shuttles for a number of U.S. and Southern California cities, including Chula Vista, Oceanside, Huntington Beach, and Santa Monica. New Circuit electric shuttle services are also planned to begin in National City and Pacific Beach in Summer 2023. Circuit is also a pre-approved vendor for SANDAG’s Regional Flexible Fleets Services program which allows any member agency to contract with Circuit to provide an electric shuttle service with pre-established terms, conditions, and rates. Any procurement action taken by the City would align with purchasing rules.
Circuit markets their electric mini shuttles as a mobile phone app-based, first-mile, last-mile solution by providing a zero-emission alterative to single-passenger vehicle trips and traditional modes of public transportation. Circuit typically uses 6-passenger (5 passengers + 1 driver) GEM E6 vehicles for their mini shuttle service, although they advertise other electric vehicle options, such as the Ford XL, Tesla Model 3, and Ford Transit vans at an additional cost. Circuit offers City of Coronado Page 474
both fixed-route and on-demand services, including true door-to-door services and a hybrid option which allows on-demand pick-ups and drop-offs within a geographically defined area.
Circuit’s electric mini shuttle service can be paid through direct government subsidy, passenger fares, advertising revenues, or a combination thereof. Circuit uses a sliding scale cost model based on the number of vehicles and the amount of time vehicles are in service. For example, Circuit charges $53.69/car per service hour if the service duration is less than 49 hours/week and $34.53/car per service hour if the duration exceeds 89 hours per week. Accordingly, a shuttle program operating with four GEM E6 vehicles and providing service 7 days/week, 13+ hours/day would cost approximately $67,000/month. Costs include vehicles, drivers, maintenance, fuel, insurance and registration, mobile app fees, and vehicle charging.
There are several state and federal grant opportunities available to help finance zero emission public transportation programs. Staff would conduct additional research and pursue any eligible grant opportunities if the City Council chooses to proceed with an electric mini shuttle program.
Replacement of the Summer Shuttle with Electric Mini Shuttles The Summer Shuttle uses large municipal buses that are well equipped to accommodate larger passenger volumes during peak travel periods. Although the Summer Shuttle infrequently operates at maximum capacity, the additional seating enables it to handle longer passenger queues that could not be efficiently managed by a small fleet of mini shuttles.
The Summer Shuttle currently provides seating for approximately 160 passengers (4 buses x 40 passengers each) with 15-minute headways. Accordingly, a mini shuttle program using GEM E6 vehicles with seating for 5 passengers would require 32 vehicles to provide an equivalent passenger capacity. If the City were to replace the Summer Shuttle with a small mini shuttle fleet, it is likely that passengers would have substantially longer wait times to catch a ride on busy summer days. Conversely, using a large fleet of mini shuttles to provide similar capacity would be cost significantly more than the existing Summer Shuttle. If the Council wishes to further explore replacing the Summer Shuttle with electric mini shuttles, staff will conduct further analysis to determine an optimum number of vehicles that would be needed to provide an equivalent level of service and headways since total passenger capacity is not solely determinative of public transit efficiency.
Summer Shuttle buses are also fully equipped to accommodate passengers with disabilities and wheelchairs. If electric mini shuttles replaced the Summer Shuttle, the City would be required to provide ADA accessible vehicles. Circuit offers an ADA accessible GEM vehicle that can accommodate 4 passengers (3 standard and 1 ADA seat) for a nominal additional cost.
Electric mini shuttles also cannot legally operate on roads with speed limits exceeding 35 MPH, so different vehicles would be needed to provide services to/from Coronado Cays.
If the City Council chooses to pursue an electric mini shuttle program, staff would seek future direction on the following questions:
1. Contracting and Procurement: should the City issue a Request for Proposals to invite qualified electric-powered transportation providers to submit proposals or rely on the SANDAG Flexible Fleets Services Program’s existing contract with Circuit?
2. Cost: should the City fully subsidize a mini shuttle program or defray part of the cost through passenger fares and/or advertising revenue?
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3. Route Type: should the City provide a fixed-route service or a limited, on-demand within a geographically defined area (e.g., the Orange Avenue corridor and 1st Street), or door-to-door service?
4. Service Period: Would the service be provided year-around or seasonally? Replacement of LNG Summer Shuttle with Electric-Powered Summer Shuttles Another option identified in the CAP to reduce Coronado’s transportation emissions is electrification of the Summer Shuttle. The Summer Shuttle currently relies on four San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS) owned and operated buses. MTS buses have a seating capacity of approximately 160 passengers (4 buses x 40 passengers each) and are powered by liquified natural gas. MTS has a limited number of electric buses in their existing fleet, but those buses are dedicated to other service areas. All state transit agencies are mandated to convert their fleets to 100% electric by 2040, but MTS does not currently have any plans to replace Summer Shuttle buses with electric models. The City would therefore need to purchase electric buses if the Council decided to electrify the Summer Shuttle in the near future.
Electric bus costs can vary significantly depending on their make, model, and size. To provide the Council with an idea of potential costs, staff researched electric buses currently on the market and received a quote from GreenPower Motor Company for two different 2022 models that are shown in the table below. Costs include registration fees, taxes, and delivery, but do not account for possible state rebates included in the quotes or optional items such as bike racks, wrapping, or other amenities.
MODEL LENGTH CAPACITY COST/BUS Total Possible
Rebate
EV Star
Min-ebus
(ADA)
25’ 14 passengers
(12 seats + 2
wheelchair)
$178,036 $1,780,360 for 10
buses to replace
summer shuttle
capacity
CA HVIP -
$60,000/bus
EV 250
(ADA)
30-32’ 45 passengers
(25 seats + 2
wheelchair) and
18 standing
$644,576 $2,578,304 for 4
buses to replace
summer shuttle
capacity
CA HVIP -
$120,000/bus
Fully replacing the total passenger capacity of the existing Summer Shuttle would require multiple buses; however, the City could consider phasing purchases to incrementally replace the Summer Shuttle fleet over time. Additional costs would include purchase and installation of EV fast charging stations, ongoing electricity use, and operation and maintenance expenses.
If the Council is interested, staff can obtain additional quotes for other bus makes and models, EV fast chargers, and conduct more research into grant funding opportunities to refine cost projections. Staff would also engage MTS to determine if they would consider continuing to operate the Summer Shuttle with a City-owned fleet.
City of Coronado Page 476
Summary
The following table highlights some of the key distinctions between the current Summer Shuttle, electric mini shuttles, and an electric Summer Shuttle:
Type Passenger
Capacity
Capital and Operating
Costs
Other Considerations
Summer
Shuttle
(LNG)
~40/bus; ~160
total with 4
buses
• No capital costs;
• 2023 operating cost
~$190K
Does not reduce baseline GHG
emissions
Electric Mini
Shuttles
5/shuttle, 20-
30 total with 4-
6 shuttles
• No capital costs;
• Operation of 4-6
vehicle service
~$800K/year
(assumes daily
operations same as
existing Summer
Shuttle for a full year)
• ~$335K/summer only
• Relatively high annual
operating costs would be
ongoing
• If operated concurrently with
the Summer Shuttle, it’s
unclear if mini shuttles would
complement or draw
passengers away from summer
shuttle
• Does not seem to be a suitable
alternative to summer shuttle
given low passenger capacity
and inability for small fleet to
meet peak demand periods
• Mini shuttles cannot operate on
roads with 35 MPH+ speed
limits, including Silver Strand
Electric
Summer
Shuttle
~40/bus; ~160
total with 4
buses
• Significant capital
costs to purchase
buses at ~$650K+/ea
• EV charging
infrastructure would be
needed; operational
costs assumed similar
if MTS drivers used
• Unknown
maintenance costs
• High initial investment, but
relatively low ongoing
operational costs when
compared to a leased mini
shuttle program
• Provides comparable capacity
of existing summer shuttle to
accommodate periods of peak
passenger demand
• Would need to identify place to
park and store buses if not
operated by MTS
• An additional 5th bus may be
needed to provide redundancy,
account for maintenance, etc.
City of Coronado Page 477
III. Community Choice Aggregators (CCAs)
During the CAP adoption hearing, the City Council directed staff to work with a qualified consultant with knowledge of CCA organizations to provide an independent assessment of the options, risks, benefits and impacts of potentially joining a CCA. Staff subsequently engaged with ICF, the firm that prepared the City’s CAP, and has CCA subject matter experts on staff, to assess the potential costs and benefits of Coronado joining a CCA, including the high-level risks, administrative processes, financial costs, schedule, resource needs, and potential impacts on the City’s ratepayers. The results of their evaluation are documented in the attached white paper (Attachment 2).
CCAs were enabled by legislation originally in 2002 (AB117) with updates in 2012 (SB790) to allow a city, county, or group of municipalities to form a non-profit entity that would be responsible for power procurement for their residents. The existing utility still delivers the power and maintains all of the electrical infrastructure, but the CCA is responsible for identifying and procuring the required electricity supply for customer demand. The utility maintains responsibility for billing and collections, but the supply line item on energy bills is described as coming from the local CCA at a price that is determined by the CCA Board. The Board is typically comprised of elected officials from participating CCA agencies.
CCAs have been rapidly forming and expanding in California over the past 12 years. Starting in 2010 with Marin Clean Energy, by April 2021 there were 24 active CCAs that include more than 200 communities and 5.8 million customer accounts. This represents over 27% of the State’s population and nearly 38% of the electric load served by investor-owned utilities (IOUs, e.g., SDG&E) statewide. There are currently two CCAs operating in San Diego County, San Diego Community Power (SDCP) and the Clean Energy Alliance (CEA). Coronado is eligible to join either of the two CCAs and a side-by-side comparison is provided in the attached white paper. All other agencies in San Diego County have joined or plan to join a CCA by the end of 2023 except El Cajon, Lemon Grove, Poway, and Santee.
One of the primary goals for CCAs is to increase investment in local energy programs by deploying their resources within the service territory. As opposed to an IOU, the non-profit CCAs can and must find ways to reinvest their net income, after reserve allocations, into their member jurisdictions. These programs can range from targeted rates and tariffs to energy efficiency and new technology deployment, but typically do not involve significant rate savings to customers.
Coronado’s adopted CAP did not account for the City joining a CCA to meet its GHG reduction targets; however, enrolling in a CCA was identified as having the greatest emission reduction potential. Joining a CCA would also be a relatively low-cost investment when compared to other capital-intensive measures to reduce tailpipe emissions and consumer energy use.
If the City Council chose to pursue enrollment in a CCA, the City would need to select which of the two available CCAs to join, obtain electricity data from SDG&E, and work with the selected CCA to prepare a feasibility study. Following acceptance of the feasibility study, the City would join a Joint Powers Authority, appoint its local CCA representatives, and finalize the process to become an active CCA member agency. It is anticipated that the process would take at least 12- 18 months to complete.
The CCA white paper identifies the following potential benefits and risks of Coronado joining a CCA:
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Potential Benefits
• Community-wide green power adoption will increase to 100% (less opt-outs), faster than the current SDG&E trajectory both through voluntary actions and CCA policies. • Electric rates and bills will remain competitive with SDG&E and are subject to municipal decision-making rather than remote investors and the CPUC. • CCAs develop and maintain multiple partnerships with local municipalities to support climaterelated initiatives and local programs. • A local CCA would be able to redirect a portion of local electricity revenues to programs that benefit the City of Coronado.
• The City of Coronado can achieve a portion of its climate goals with minimal incremental costs to the City.
• The CCA will leverage its buying power and access to the market (now larger than SDG&E energy procurement) across the regional and statewide CCA network.
Considerations and Potential Risks
• The City of Coronado will need to maintain focus on CCA governance to ensure that the City residents benefit from this model by taking an active role in the CCA Board. • The City of Coronado would have a maximum of one vote on a CCA Board and depending on the governing structure, may only have a rotational seat which it shares with other small cities. • Supply prices may be slightly higher for residents, although this would be controlled by the CCA Board.
• City of Coronado staff and/or elected official involvement in the CCA would be necessary to ensure that planning and oversight is aligned with City priorities. • Energy procurement expertise is required within the CCA to establish cost-effective contracts for energy resources for the long term. This can come from CCA staff and partners but must be maintained to reduce risks.
FISCAL IMPACT:
The costs of the CAP Implementation Plan will depend on the actions and programs selected by the City Council. The proposed draft Implementation Plan can be achieved within the approved Community Development Department annual operating budget; however, an electric mini shuttle program, electrification of the Summer Shuttle, and/or joining a CCA would all include additional, unbudgeted costs that would be evaluated and presented to the City Council at a later date.
ALTERNATIVE:
The City Council may add, remove, or modify any of the proposed GHG reduction measures.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT:
The projects and activities identified in the CAP Implementation plan are exempt from environmental review pursuant to CEQA section 15063(b) because it can be seen with certainty that they would not result in a significant adverse effect on the environment.
PUBLIC NOTICE:
No notice required.
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ATTACHMENTS:
1. Proposed CAP Implementation Plan
2. CCA White Paper
3. Notice of Exemption
Submitted By: Community Development Department / Richard Grunow City of Coronado Page 480
PROPOSED CAP IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 2023 - 2025
1. Proposed Action: Prepare a Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) White Paper Description: Staff will present a CCA white paper to the City Council that outlines the potential risks and benefits of the City joining one of the two established CCAs in San Diego County.
CAP Strategy Nexus: This action would be consistent with the following CAP strategies:
Energy-4: Increased Renewable Energy Portfolio: 4.3.1 State-1:
SB-100 Renewables Portfolio Standard
Schedule: 2023. This action was initiated in 2022 and the white paper will be presented to the City Council on June 6, 2023. A CCA feasibility study can be initiated in 2023 if directed by the City Council.
2. Proposed Action: Evaluate Electric-Powered Public Transit Options Description: Staff will present an overview of a potential electric mini shuttle program, such as Circuit (aka FRED), and an electric summer shuttle to the City Council in spring 2023. Staff can pursue contracting and procurement of a mini shuttle or electric summer shuttle program in 2023 if directed by the Council.
CAP Strategy Nexus: This action would be consistent with the following CAP strategies:
4.4.1 On Road Transportation: On-road 3c: Electrify Summer Shuttle Bus on MTS Route 904
Schedule: 2023 - 2024. This action can be initiated in 2023, potentially launched in 2024, and would be an ongoing program.
3. Proposed Action: Green Energy Incentive Program
Description: Staff would present a proposal to the City Council to offer free permitting for qualifying green energy projects, including rooftop solar, solar hot water heaters, electric vehicle charging stations, solar batteries, etc. If approved, staff would promote the program through the City website, social media, press releases, and direct outreach to local contractors.
CAP Strategy Nexus: This action would be consistent with the following CAP strategies:
4.4.2 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
Attachment 1
City of Coronado Page 481
PROPOSED CAP IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 2023 - 2025
Schedule: 2023 - ongoing. This action can be initiated and implemented in 2023 and would be an ongoing program.
4. Proposed Action: Rooftop Solar Permit Streamlining
Description: Staff would implement CA Senate Bill 379, the Solar Access Act, which requires cities to provide automated, instant rooftop solar permits through a state approved software platform. As part of this process, staff would also work with the City Attorney’s office to explore a self-certification program to allow licensed contractors to self-certify their installations.
CAP Strategy Nexus: This action would be consistent with the following CAP strategies:
4.4.2 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy - Energy-1: Solar Energy
Schedule: 2023 - ongoing. This action can be initiated and completed in 2023 and would be an ongoing program.
5. Proposed Action: EV Charging Station Permit Streamlining Ordinance Description: Staff would present an ordinance amendment to the City Council to streamline the permit process for EV charging stations in accordance with AB 1236 and AB 970. The streamlined process would reduce permit processing times to five days, provide an online permitting checklist, and allow EV chargers to be installed within existing parking off-street stalls without a requirement to provide replacement parking.
CAP Strategy Nexus: This action would be consistent with the following CAP strategies:
4.4.1 On-Road Transportation: On-Road 1a: Electric Vehicle Charging and Increased Usage of Electric Vehicles
Schedule: 2023 - ongoing. This action can be initiated and completed in 2023 and would be an ongoing program.
6. Proposed Action: Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Needs Assessment Description: Staff would conduct a citywide needs assessment for EV infrastructure to better serve EV transportation demand. Staff would commission a consultant to assess infrastructure needs, areas where additional infrastructure is needed on both public Attachment 1
City of Coronado Page 482
PROPOSED CAP IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 2023 - 2025
and private properties, including commercial, residential, and City-owned affordable housing sites; evaluate technological innovations and alternatives to maximize efficacy and
convenience; investigate potential incentive programs to encourage businesses and multi-family residential properties to provide charging stations in their parking lots; provide costs estimates; and assist with prioritizing individual projects.
CAP Strategy Nexus: This action would be consistent with the following CAP strategies:
4.41 On Road Transportation On-Road 1a: Electric Vehicle Charging and Increased Usage of Electric Vehicles.
Schedule: 2023 - 2024. This action can be initiated and implemented in 2023. The assessment would begin in 2023 with the goal of presenting a report to City Council in late '23 - early '24.
Installation of charging stations schedule TBD based on assessment results and Council direction.
7. Proposed Action: Prepare a Solar Feasibility Study for City Buildings Description: A feasibility study would be conducted, which would include a detailed analysis of energy demand, efficiency opportunities, and impediments to assess the feasibility of solar installation on City Buildings.
CAP Strategy Nexus: This action would be consistent with the following CAP strategies:
Energy-1: Solar Energy; Energy-4: Increased Renewable Energy Portfolio
Schedule: 2024 - 2025. This action can be initiated by 2024 and completed by 2025.
8. Proposed Action: Prepare a Bike Parking Plan and Increase Bike Parking Supply Description: Staff would inventory and map existing bike parking infrastructure, assess utilization and condition, and work with the Mobility Commission to identify areas where more bike parking is needed. As part of this effort, staff and the Mobility Commission would identify bike parking options and make recommendations for the City Council’s consideration. Based on City Council direction, staff would purchase and install new and replacement bike racks at key locations throughout the City. In Attachment 1
City of Coronado Page 483
PROPOSED CAP IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 2023 - 2025
addition, staff will conduct community outreach to encourage local businesses to increase bike parking in the Business District.
CAP Strategy Nexus: This action would be consistent with the following CAP strategies:
B.4.1 On-Road Transportation; On-Road 6a. Improve Bike
Infrastructure
Schedule: 2023 - 2025. This action can be initiated by 2023 with installation completed by 2024-2025.
9. Proposed Action: Free Tree Event
Description: Staff would develop plans for a free tree event whereby the City provides free shade trees for Coronado residents to plant on their property to reduce home energy consumption, provide carbon sequestration benefits, and enhance the aesthetics of their property and the community. This event may be part of an expanded existing City’s Street Tree giveaway program.
Community Development will collaborate with Public Services to produce a list of eco-friendly trees to give to interested homeowners in 2024, to promote tree planting on private property. Staff would seek partnership opportunities with nonprofit organizations such as the Arbor Day Foundation to assist with tree procurement. If partnerships are not available, staff would contract with a local nursery to procure trees.
CAP Strategy Nexus: This action would be consistent with the following CAP strategies:
4.5 Non-quantified Local Measures: Table 4-3 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategies (R)
Schedule: 2023 - 2024. This action can be initiated in 2023 for a 2024 event and could be repeated in future years.
10. Proposed Action: Green Building and Green Business Recognition Programs Description: Staff would create recognition programs for residential and commercial projects which significantly exceed California Building Code (CAL Green) standards. For example, property owners who develop projects which are certified as LEED Attachment 1
City of Coronado Page 484
PROPOSED CAP IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 2023 - 2025
Diamond or Net Zero could be awarded with a green building plaque at a City Council meeting.
CAP Strategy Nexus: This action would be consistent with the following CAP strategies:
4.4.2 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Schedule: 2024 - ongoing. This action can be initiated and implemented in 2024 and would be an ongoing program.
11. Proposed Action: Increase Number of EVs and Hybrid Vehicles in City Fleet Description: Staff would continue to evaluate opportunities to purchase gaspowered vehicles with EVs or hybrid vehicles as vehicles are replaced.
CAP Strategy Nexus: This action would be consistent with the following CAP strategies:
4.4.1 On- Road Transportation: Municipal Fleet-1: Fleet Vehicle and Equipment Efficiency
Schedule: 2023 - ongoing. This action can be initiated in 2023 and would be an ongoing program.
12. Proposed Action: Expansion of Ferry Service and Electrification Description: Staff would coordinate with the Navy to seek opportunities to restore direct ferry service to NASNI, continue to work with the Unified Port of San Diego and Flagship Cruises to purchase new electric or low-emission vessels to replace the current dieselpowered ferries, and seek grant opportunities to help finance expanded or electrified ferry service.
CAP Strategy Nexus: This action would be consistent with the following CAP strategies:
5 - Expansion of Ferry Service and Electrification
Schedule: 2023 - 2026. This action can be initiated in 2023 and would be an ongoing activity until electric or low-emission vessels are acquired and operational.
Attachment 1
City of Coronado Page 485
City of Coronado CCA Memo
1 Community Choice Aggregation
Evaluation Memo
CITY OF CORONADO
P REPARED FOR :
City of Coronado
Coronado, CA 92118
Contact: Rich Grunow, Director of Community
Development, Redevelopment Services and Housing
P REPARED BY :
ICF
515 B Street Suite 1700
San Diego, CA 92101
DRAFT
MAY 22, 2023
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 486
City of Coronado CCA Memo
2 Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................................................................. 2 MEMO OVERVIEW AND SCOPE.............................................................................................................................. 3 BACKGROUND ON CCA TRENDS............................................................................................................................. 4 PCIA COST EXPLANATION ...................................................................................................................................... 8 AVAILABLE CCA OPTIONS FOR CORONADO ........................................................................................................... 8 FINDINGS FROM CCA OUTREACH......................................................................................................................... 10 COMMON QUESTIONS FROM STAKEHOLDERS..................................................................................................... 13 OBSERVATIONS FROM THE BANKRUPTCY OF A REGIONAL CCA........................................................................... 17 IMPACT ON CLIMATE ACTION PLAN TARGETS...................................................................................................... 18 ONBOARDING PROCESS....................................................................................................................................... 19 SUMMARY OF RISKS AND BENEFITS FOR THE CITY OF CORONADO...................................................................... 20 RESOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION ............................................................................................................... 21 GLOSSARY OF KEY CCA ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND TERMS..................................................................... 21 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 487
City of Coronado CCA Memo
3 Memo Overview and Scope
The Coronado City Council directed staff to work with a qualified consultant with knowledge of Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) organizations to provide an independent assessment of the options, risks, benefits and impacts of potentially joining a CCA to both the City of Coronado (City) and residents. ICF has performed an evaluation and created this memo to inform City staff and key decision-makers.
ICF researched and assessed the high-level risks, benefits, costs, timeline, administrative processes, resource needs, oversight models, and impact on residents/ratepayers. This included the following activities:
• Investigating options for joining regional CCAs including interviews with staff • Conducting interviews with two San Diego County cities, with each enrolled in a different CCA
• Assessing the comparative impact of staying with SDG&E • Evaluating Power Charge Indifference Adjustment (PCIA) trends and forecast • Identifying concerns related to the unsuccessful Riverside County CCA • Assessing the impact on Climate Action Plan (CAP) goals • Addressing key considerations from City officials and other stakeholders • Gathering additional resources for further research
The key findings and observations are provided in the sections below with sources provided.
Much of the information gathered comes from recent analyses and inputs provided by CCA industry participants, including Cal-CCA, San Diego Community Power(SDCP), and the Clean Energy Alliance (CEA). San Diego Gas and Electric (SDG&E) also has a resources page for jointly developed CCA materials, energy costs, and policies that is publicly available to policy makers, residents, and stakeholders. Interviews were not directly conducted with SDG&E staff, but relevant information that SDG&E has posted online was incorporated into the appropriate sections of this memo.
As a rapidly growing and evolving model for the energy sector in California, opportunities, risks, regulations, and indicators for success can shift, sometimes significantly, in relatively short periods of time. Therefore, the observations provided in this memo should be viewed as an input to a larger discussion by City staff and stakeholders, but not as authoritative or definitive guidance.
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 488
City of Coronado CCA Memo
4 Background on CCA Trends
What is Community Choice Aggregation (CCA)?
CCAs were enabled by legislation originally in 2002 (AB117) with updates in 2012 (SB790) to allow a municipality (city or county) or group of municipalities to form a non-profit entity that would be responsible for power procurement for their residents. The existing utility still delivers the power and maintains all of the electrical infrastructure, but the CCA is responsible for identifying and procuring the required electricity supply for customer demand. The utility maintains responsibility for billing and collections, but the supply line item is described as coming from the local CCA at a price that is determined by the CCA board.
CCAs have been rapidly forming and expanding in California over the past 12 years. Starting in 2010 with Marin Clean Energy, by April 2021 there were 24 active CCAs that include more than 200 communities and 5.8 million customer accounts. This represents over 27% of the State’s population and nearly 38% of the electric load served by investor-owned utilities (IOUs, e.g., SDG&E) statewide. Figure 1 below shows total load growth by CCAs since 2016 that is expected by the end of 2023. This trend indicates that the CCA model is robust, widely deployed, and can provide choices for ratepayers across the state.
Figure 1: CCA Load Growth 2016 to 2023
Image Source: https://cal-cca.org/number-of-cca-communities-in-california-hits-200-mark/ Attachment 2
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City of Coronado CCA Memo
5 Figure 2: California CCA Territories
Image Source: https://cal-cca.org/powered/
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 490
City of Coronado CCA Memo
6 CCAs are of various sizes and cover all major IOU territories. This includes single-jurisdiction entities (i.e., San Jose Clean Energy) and multi-county entities (i.e., MCE). The common threads among all of them is the state regulatory structure that they must follow and the requirement that they are operated by municipalities as non-profit organizations. The California Community Choice Association was collaboratively formed to support this growing energy market segment and improve the regulatory and administrative environment for long-term success statewide.
Figure 2 on the preceding page shows a California map with the status of the active and inplanning CCAs. The network of CCAs frequently interact and learn from each other to adopt best practices, leverage common buying power, and avoid mistakes from unsuccessful efforts.
The expanding load being served by CCAs has driven an increase in the deployment of new renewable energy projects across the state including wind, solar, and other technologies. In total, nearly 11,000 MW of new capacity has been developed due to CCA procurements creating jobs and economic benefits. For reference, California has about 80,000 MW of total generating capacity (as of 2018) including both fossil-based and renewable power plants. On average, power supply costs for CCA customers are competitive with the investor-owned utilities (before the addition of the PCIA from the IOUs), occasionally fluctuating from slightly under to slightly over average annual costs for customers. Figure 3 below shows the latest locations and types for all of the major new renewable projects being driven by CCAs. This trend is expected to accelerate due to increased renewable energy targets, improving economics for renewables vs. fossil fuels, and the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.
One of the primary goals for CCAs is to increase investment in local energy programs by deploying their resources within the service territory. As opposed to the investor-owned utilities (IOU), the non-profit CCAs can and must find ways to reinvest their net income, after reserve allocations, into their own jurisdictions. These programs can range from targeted rates and tariffs to energy efficiency and new technology deployment. CalCCA tracks the latest CCA programs and highlights examples of community impact and benefits across more than 25 categories. The latest statewide and CCA-specific information can be found at their website: https://calcca.org/programhighlights/ Attachment 2
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City of Coronado CCA Memo
7 Figure 3: CCA Renewable Projects Map
Image Source: https://cal-cca.org/cca-impact/
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 492
City of Coronado CCA Memo
8 PCIA Cost Explanation
The PCIA (Power Charge Indifference Adjustment) is a fee that is requested by the investor owned utility and approved by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) that represents above market costs for power supply contracts that the utility has in their portfolio. It is calculated annually and assessed to all customers, including those within a CCA .
For CCA customers in SDG&E territory specifically, the PCIA is a charge from SDG&E to recuperate above-market costs associated with power purchased on their behalf prior to the switch to the CCA and is determined and approved by the CPUC annually. The PCIA is then charged on a per kWh basis based on net monthly usage and is unaffected by time-of-use. These PCIA charges are established by SDG&E and approved by the CPUC. The CCA then sets their supply rates with the PCIA charges in mind so that the total cost to customers is competitive with the cost that customers would pay for SDG&E generation service.
For illustrative purposes, the range of PCIA charges per kWh in 2022 ranged from $0.018/kWh to $0.044/kWh depending on rate category and tariff (i.e., commercial vs. residential customers).
The average fully-loaded rate for electricity in SDG&E territory for a residential account is approximately $0.47/kWh, meaning that the PCIA accounts for about 4% to 9% of the total bill.
The rates for 2023 have not been published yet and can have significant volatility on an annual basis.
Available CCA Options for Coronado
Municipalities in San Diego County, including the City of Coronado, have three power-supply options. The majority of jurisdictions in the County have voted to join a CCA and only five municipalities are not part of a CCA at this time: Poway, Santee, El Cajon, Lemon Grove, and Coronado. These five are currently served by SDG&E for both delivery and supply and they can remain with SDG&E for all of their electricity services indefinitely. Figure 4 below shows a map with the current, or planned, load serving entity for every jurisdiction in San Diego County.
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 493
City of Coronado CCA Memo
9 Figure 4: SDG&E and CCA Territory Map (note: Oceanside and Vista are joining CEA in 2023) Image source: https://www.sdge.com/customer-choice/community-choice-aggregation/active-ccas Municipalities in the County can select one of two active CCAs for their power supply. The two options are San Diego Community Power (SDCP) and the Clean Energy Alliance (CEA). Both organizations are well established, serving customers, and actively on-boarding new jurisdictions. The City is eligible to join either CCA and may do so if it completes a feasibility study with a CCA, follows the state-mandated process, and adopts a JPA ordinance. Each CCA performs its own evaluation of the impact of incorporating the ratepayers from a potential new jurisdiction and ultimately has the option to accept or decline the request from an interested municipality. Alignment of goals, organizational approach and bylaws, and expected outcomes are key to success for new CCA members. More details about the major steps are in the Onboarding Process section of this memo.
SDG&E currently delivers approximately 44.5% of eligible renewables to their customers not served by a CCA. The breakdown of the energy sources and GHG impact are shown annually in a “power content label” for both the IOU and for CCAs. Figure 5 below has the most recent SDG&E data from 2021.
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 494
City of Coronado CCA Memo
10 Figure 5: SDG&E Power Content Label
Image source: https://www.sdge.com/sites/default/files/documents/FINAL_S2210024_Power_Content_Label.pdf Findings from CCA Outreach
ICF conducted interviews with selected CCA contacts and reviewed published documents from each CCA. These activities informed the comparison and evaluation of the two CCA options.
Individual interviews were conducted with the CEO and senior staff at SDCP and the CEO of CEA and included a City representative. Key staff at the City of San Marcos (a recent CEA addition) and National City (a recent SDCP addition) were also interviewed to get input from their decision-making process and experiences with onboarding. Both cities indicated that their initial concerns and the evaluation of their CCA options followed a very similar approach to the City of Coronado. Their main drivers were reaching Climate Action Plan targets, ensuring a competitive total electricity cost for their residents, and ensuring that utility programs benefitted their own residents. Both cities were satisfied with their respective CCA choices and are looking forward to full implementation in 2023.
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 495
City of Coronado CCA Memo
11 During the review of organizations documents and recent reports from SDCP and CEA, ICF developed the following comparison of high-level findings. These findings help understand the various considerations, although ultimately there are more similarities than differences.
Table 1: Summary of CCA Attributes
CCA Attributes SDCP CEA
Website https://sdcommunitypower.org/ https://thecleanenergyalliance.org/ CEO Karin Burns Barbara Boswell
Formed September 2019 May 2021
Customers Served ~932K accts ~275K accts
City Interviewed National City San Marcos
Structure Multi-jurisdictional JPA Multi-jurisdictional JPA Primary Goals 100% Renewable by 2035
Competitive rates with SDG&E
Invest in local communities
100% Renewable by 2035
Competitive rates with SDG&E
Invest in local communities
Governance Structure Equal vote for all jurisdictions
Under special circumstances, a weighted
vote can be held (no jurisdiction has a
majority)
Community Advisory Committee
Equal vote for all jurisdictions
Community Advisory Committee
Opt-Out Ratio1 ~5% ~7.8%
Municipalities San Diego, Chula Vista, Encinitas, La
Mesa, Imperial Beach, County of San
Diego, and National City
Carlsbad, Del Mar, Solana Beach,
Escondido, San Marcos, Oceanside,
and Vista.
Cost Comparison to
SDG&E Avg Billing
Avg. Residential Bill: + $1/month
Avg. Commercial Bill: +$7/month
100% Renewable Option only a slight
premium and much less than the 100%
renewable option through SDG&E
Avg. Residential Bill: + $1/month
Avg. Commercial Bill: +$8/month
100% Renewable Option only a
slight premium and much less than
the 100% renewable options through
SDG&E
Staffing approach Full and growing staff Small staff and very lean approach to overhead
Strategic Planning Advanced approach and well-rounded
strategy
Currently focused on operational
priorities
Qualifications Very well-qualified staff and consultants Very well-qualified CEO and consultants
Openness to Coronado Very open Very open
1 The percentage of customer accounts that choose to not go with the CCA and remain with SDG&E.
Customer Bill Comparisons
The following tables come directly from SDG&E’s CCA website for comparing customer bills between SDG&E and each CCA as of February 2023. Theses comparisons are jointly developed by SDG&E and the CCAs whenever new rates are approved. These calculations indicate that the Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 496
City of Coronado CCA Memo
12 standard offer from each provider is not materially different at this point in time. Also, the option for 100% renewable is only slightly higher than the standard offer from each CCA.
Only two representative tariffs are included for simplicity, but all comparisons can be found here: https://www.sdge.com/customer-choice/community-choice-aggregation/joint-ratecomparison SDG&E and SDCP Bill Comparisons for DR-Residential and TOU-A2 Commercial Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 497
City of Coronado CCA Memo
13 SDG&E and CEA Bill Comparisons for DR-Residential and TOU-A2 Commercial Common Questions from Stakeholders
In preparation for this evaluation, input was gathered from City staff and officials that reflect common questions from other jurisdictions related to CCAs and how the model might impact City residents. Those questions have been consolidated and reviewed to develop the responses provided below. Many of these are subject to interpretation and the situations described can change over time, therefore these should be used as general guidance and should not be construed as definitive or authoritative.
Are CCA programs less or more expensive and do they shift costs by forcing ratepayers in neighboring communities to subsidize new CCA programs?
Observations:
• CCA programs in California have typically been structured to be competitive with the existing investor-owned utility (IOU). That may result in slight cost savings or a slight cost increase for the standard power offerings.
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 498
City of Coronado CCA Memo
14 • One of the significant cost elements for CCA customers is the Power Charge Indifference Adjustment (PCIA) that is calculated and billed from the IOU to ensure that ratepayers who are not part of the CCA do not have to cover any historical over-market costs from CCA customer activity.
• Any and all CCA-related costs must be borne by those CCA customers and not passed on to non-CCA customers.
What would City of Coronado’s voting process and authority be if it were to join a CCA? Are they using a weighted vote?
Observations:
• SDCP has equal voting with one representative from each participating municipality for most matters. If needed in certain circumstances, an additional vote may be held that uses a weighted voting with no one jurisdiction having a majority of the voting power. • CEA has equal voting with one representative from each participating municipality.
Do local government officials have the expertise to buy and sell energy? And, what is the learning curve for local government officials to be knowledgeable enough to make informed decisions for their respective communities?
Observations:
• Typically, local government officials do not have the experience or expertise to buy and sell energy, unless they have their own municipal utility (e.g., Anaheim Public Utilities).
With a CCA, there is a professional staff that includes energy experts along with vetted consultants and service providers to ensure that energy is procured responsibly. • CCAs have an orientation process for new Board members to help them become more familiar with the energy market, CCA operations, and overall regulatory requirements to aid in their decision-making process.
What is the process for if/when a CCA is suspended or dissolves? What would that mean for taxpayers?
Observations:
• There may be a risk to City residents as ratepayers, but not as taxpayers as a result of joining a CCA. If a CCA were to fail, then the customers/ratepayers revert back to being served by the IOU (SDG&E). If that process is not well-managed, then some costs may fall onto the ratepayers. The notes from an assessment of the Western Community Energy in Riverside County situation are provided below for further context.
If the City joins a CCA, would it help Coronado reach its climate goals faster and cheaper than current state laws require?
Observations:
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 499
City of Coronado CCA Memo
15 • One of the main focus areas for CCAs is to have a higher percentage of renewable energy than required by the State and higher than the comparative offering from the IOU and this has been documented for the San Diego County CCAs and most others. • Figure 5 above shows the most current SDG&E power content label for reference. Below are the power content labels for SDCP and CEA for reference showing a default renewable energy mix that is greater than SDG&E. As shown, the CCAs have a larger renewable portfolio than SDG&E which means Coronado would have lower GHG emissions which will help achieve climate action reduction targets without nominally increasing cost of electricity to rate payers overall.
•
Attachment 2
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City of Coronado CCA Memo
16 What are cost implications as it relates to the Power Charge Indifference Adjustment (PCIA), an exit fee charge by SDG&E to customers that choose another provider of electricity generation service through a CCA?
Observations:
• While the PCIA does affect a CCA customer's total retail electricity costs, the experience to date of CCAs in California is that the PCIA has not resulted in materially higher total cost for CCAs compared to IOUs.
• The PCIA is a charge to ensure that all customers (regardless of who procures energy on their behalf) pay their fair share of legacy contract costs. SDG&E entered into energy contracts on behalf of their customers based on their needs at the time. Even though many customers have since transitioned to CCAs for their commodity service, SDG&E is still responsible for paying for the costs of the contracts. • Also, per the SDG&E website: “The PCIA (which stands for Power Charge Indifference Adjustment) is not a new charge. All customers in SDG&E’s service territory have been paying the PCIA to cover the costs of older long-term energy contracts. The PCIA just used to be lumped in with other charges rather than called out as a separate line item on the energy bill.
• The California Public Utilities Commission required a separate line item on the bill for the PCIA charge as a way to raise awareness that all customers are responsible for paying for the costs of legacy contracts. As of November 1, 2021, all customers’ bills include a PCIA line item, not just the bills of Community Choice Aggregation customers and Direct Access customers.
• For more information: https://www.sdge.com/customer-choice/community-choiceaggregation/joint-rate-comparison Will CCA demand for voluntary green power enable development of new renewable energy supply? How would this be different from what SDG&E already does? Wouldn’t SDG&E be purchasing from the same energy sources?
Observations:
• CCAs have stated goals for supplying more renewables than required by the State and more than comparable IOUs, and they are currently well above the state average for IOU-supplied renewable power. CCAs also have a much greater focus on innovative local programs, including renewables, energy efficiency, and electrification. Figure 3 above shows the type and capacity of the projects that have been developed on behalf of CCAs across the state. These activities are much more targeted toward local needs than IOU programs and have budgets that will increase impact beyond what is demonstrated with only IOU investments.
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 501
City of Coronado CCA Memo
17 • SDG&E is now providing supply services for a small portion of the load in their territory with the growth of CCAs. SDG&E is no longer the primary driver for new renewable energy development in the region.
For electricity delivery costs, what policies are in place to prevent price volatility for the end-user/customer?
Observations:
• SDG&E is the responsible party for all aspects of delivery to CCA customers and a regulated IOU. They must follow strict guidelines set by the CPUC and processes for the planning and cost recovery of their services. Those processes are largely multi-year efforts that are open to stakeholders who can provide oversight and input.
How do renewables, which tend to be intermittent energy sources displacing fossil fuel plants (e.g., coal and natural gas), affect overall reliability? Observations:
• Grid-scale and distributed battery storage will be a major part of the solution to intermittent resources as the percentage of renewables deployed in the state increases.
This trend can be seen in the Figure 3 above where recent standalone storage and renewable plus storage projects are listed.
What are SDG&E’s long-term plans in the energy procurement business? Are they aiming to exit energy procurement entirely given a declining energy utility base? Observations:
• As of 2023, SDG&E will have a minority of supply customers because the majority would have switched to CCA supply services. They remain focused on the delivery of power which is source of the majority of their income going forward. • SDG&E has not made any public declarations of an intent to exit the energy procurement business. Per SDG&E’s website: “SDG&E supports customer choice and encourages you to evaluate all options. Regardless of which energy service provider you choose, SDG&E remains committed to providing safe and reliable delivery of energy.” Observations from the Bankruptcy of a Regional CCA
Western Community Energy (WCE) was a community choice energy program that served customers in the Cities of Hemet, Jurupa Valley, Norco, Perris, Wildomar and Eastvale in Western Riverside County. On May 24, 2021, WCE declared a fiscal emergency and filed for Chapter 9 Bankruptcy protection. On June 10, 2021, WCE notified the California Public Utilities Commission of deregistration and termination of its program, and WCE’s customers have returned to Southern California Edison’s service as of June 15, 2021.
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 502
City of Coronado CCA Memo
18 Information, analysis and observations about this situation were covered by adjacent CCAs, ratings agencies and the news media. Here are three selected resources that readers are encouraged to review to better understand the issues and resolutions for when a CCA cannot serve its customers due to severe financial or operational challenges.
SDCP Board memo: https://sdcommunitypower.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/AgendaPacket-6.24.2021-Board-of-Directors_v3-1.pdf California Energy Markets news article:
https://www.newsdata.com/california_energy_markets/regional_roundup/riverside-county-ccafiles-for-bankruptcy-citing-covid-19-mandate/article_f4365408-c57f-11eb-a5d9- f32e2773e540.html
Fitch Ratings assessment: https://www.fitchratings.com/research/us-public-finance/communitychoice-aggregator-risks-highlighted-by-bankruptcy-02-06-2021 ICF did not perform an in-depth review of the root causes from this situation, but based on review of publicly available documents, some of the key drivers were:
• COVID-19 economic challenges for customers dramatically increase delinquency rates, leading to reductions in payments with a total impact of approximately $6 million. • The hotter than average summer temperatures in 2020 increased power costs by $10 million above planned expenses.
• WCE had not yet built up sufficient reserves and was unable to secure additional funding when needed.
• Overreliance on non-WCE staff with limited availability and consultants.
Impact on Climate Action Plan Targets
The City’s Climate Action Plan (CAP), approved in March 2022, has an optional measure (Energy-4) to Increase Renewable Energy Portfolio that could include an adoption of a CCA for City residents or other programs to increase the renewable energy portfolio for the City. This measure assumes that by converting to 100% renewable power prior to the state mandates (e.g., by 2035 vs. 2045), the City could benefit from accelerated reductions of carbon dioxide equivalent across all electricity users in the City. The co-benefits include reduced air pollution, energy diversity and security, reduced price volatility, economic development, and public health improvements. In total, the potential impact of Energy-4 could be a net additional reduction of approximately 9,871 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2030. Without Energy-4, the other measures in the CAP alone would support the City reaching an emissions level of 41% below 2016 levels by 2030. The 41% reduction includes the effect of SB 100 (2018) which requires all electricity generation to have a 60% renewable portfolio standard by 2030. With Energy-4 and the other measures in the CAP, the City could reach an emissions level of 50% Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 503
City of Coronado CCA Memo
19 below 2016 levels by 2030. The estimated difference of 9% in reductions in GHG emissions with versus without a CCA is on top of the reductions from SB 100. If one were to remove the effect of SB 100, then the reduction effect of a CCA would be greater, although this is a highly unlikely scenario.
The earliest potential impact to the City’s climate action goals from joining a CCA is 2025, due to procedural requirements and likely timing for the earliest decision to join a local CCA.
However, this could create an immediate impact in 2025 for all electric users in the City, both residential and commercial, who do not opt-out. As a climate action measure, this is one of the most cost-effective solutions because receiving electricity from a CCA results in a similar cost as obtaining electricity from SDG&E and thus there is no net increase of cost to the City or its taxpayers while there is a reduction in GHG emissions due to the higher renewable portfolio with a CCA. In addition, a CCA delivers many co-benefits to the City that would otherwise require more direct investment.
Onboarding Process
Municipalities that join a CCA have to follow a structured process for transitioning their residents to being served by a CCA as an opt-out program. Based on research and discussions with the two available CCAs, here are the general steps and timeline for the City if the process begins within the next six months:
• Staff from the City and CCAs review level of interest and potential to join the CCA • City gathers citywide electricity data from SDG&E
• City selects preferred CCA for development of feasibility study and potential onboarding • City provides electricity data to CCA
• Feasibility assessment conducted by CCA
o SDCP: no cost to City (due to City population)
o CEA: cost to City approximately $20K (reimbursed after 3 years) • City and CCA review feasibility assessment results
• CCA Board reviews impact and seeks admission of City to CCA • City seeks adoption of the JPA agreement and CCA ordinance • City names a CCA Director and Alternate
• CCA files implementation plan amendment with CPUC
• Onboarding preparation begins for new City members.
• Service begins 12-18 month after all process steps have been completed o Given current timelines, the earliest date for CCA service would be Q1 2025 Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 504
City of Coronado CCA Memo
20 Summary of Risks and Benefits for the City of Coronado Benefits for the City of Coronado and residents
• Community-wide green power adoption will increase to 100% much faster than the current SDG&E trajectory both through voluntary actions and CCA policies. • Electric rates and bills will remain highly competitive with SDG&E and are subject to municipal decision-making rather than remote investors and the CPUC. • CCAs develop and maintain multiple partnerships with local municipalities to support climate-related initiatives and local programs.
• A local CCA would be able to redirect a portion of local electricity revenues to programs that benefit the City of Coronado.
• The City of Coronado can achieve a portion of its climate goals with minimal incremental costs to the City.
• The CCA will leverage its buying power and access to the market (now larger than SDG&E energy procurement) across the regional and statewide CCA network.
Considerations and Potential Risks for the City of Coronado and Residents • The City of Coronado will need to maintain focus on CCA governance to ensure that the City residents benefit from this model by taking an active role in the CCA Board. • The City of Coronado would have a maximum of one vote on a CCA Board and depending on the governing structure, may only have a rotational seat which it shares with other small cities.
• Supply prices may be slightly higher for residents, although this would be controlled by the CCA Board.
• City of Coronado staff and/or elected official involvement in the CCA would be necessary to ensure that planning and oversight is aligned with City priorities. • Energy procurement expertise is required within the CCA to establish cost-effective contracts for energy resources for the long term. This can come from CCA staff and partners but most be maintained to reduce risks.
• PCIA costs are variable and often unpredictable, however, this impacts all customers – SDG&E and CCA.
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 505
City of Coronado CCA Memo
21 Resources for More Information
California Public Utilities Commission Community Choice Aggregation Main Web Page https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/consumer-support/consumer-programs-and-services/electrical-energyand-energy-efficiency/community-choice-aggregation-and-direct-access-/cca-regulatoryinformation California Community Choice Association
https://cal-cca.org/
San Diego Community Power
https://sdcommunitypower.org/
Clean Energy Alliance
https://thecleanenergyalliance.org/
SDG&E Community Choice Aggregation Main Web Page
https://www.sdge.com/customer-choice/community-choice-aggregation https://www.sdge.com/customer-choice/community-choice-aggregation/cca-faq https://www.sdge.com/customer-choice/community-choice-aggregation/joint-rate-comparison City of San Diego CCA Background
https://www.sandiego.gov/sustainability/clean-and-renewable-energy/community-choiceaggregation-program Glossary of Key CCA Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Terms
CALCCA – California Community Choice Association – Association made up of Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) groups which represents the interests of California’s community choice electricity providers.
CEC – California Energy Commission
CPUC – California Public Utility Commission
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 506
City of Coronado CCA Memo
22 Demand - The rate at which electric energy is delivered to or by a system or part of a system, generally expressed in kilowatts (kW), megawatts (MW), or gigawatts (GW), at a given instant or averaged over any designated interval of time.
DER – Distributed Energy Resource – A small-scale physical or virtual asset (e.g., , behindthe-meter solar/storage, smart thermostat energy efficiency) that operates locally and is connected to a larger power grid at the distribution level.
Distribution - The delivery system for electricity to the retail customer’s home or business through low voltage distribution lines.
DR – Demand Response – A program opportunity for consumers to play a role in the operation of the electric grid by reducing or shifting their electricity usage during peak periods in response to time-based rates or other forms of financial incentives.
GHG – Greenhouse gas - water vapor, carbon dioxide, tropospheric ozone, nitrous oxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). A gas that causes the atmosphere to trap heat radiating from the earth. The most common GHG is Carbon Dioxide, although Methane and others have this effect as well.
IOU – Investor-Owned Utility – A private electricity and/or natural gas provider.
IRP – Integrated Resource Plan – A plan which outlines an electric utility’s resource needs in order to meet expected electricity demand long-term.
kWh – Kilowatt-hour – This is a measure of electricity consumption in a given hour. It is typically billed to customers monthly. Customers are charged a rate per kWh of electricity used.
NEM – Net Energy Metering – A program in which customers receive credit for electricity generated by solar panels in excess of the amount consumed on-site.
Opt-Out Rate – The percentage of CCA customers who change (opt-out) from their default CCA supplier to the Investor Owned Utility. This rate is typically shown cumulatively and is usually less than 10%.
MW – Megawatt – measure of power. A megawatt equals 1,000 kilowatts or 1 million watts.
PCIA - Power Charge Indifference Adjustment (PCIA)
Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 507
City of Coronado CCA Memo
23 PPA – Power Purchase Agreement – A contract used to purchase the energy, capacity and attributes from a renewable resource project.
RE – Renewable Energy - Energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power.
REC - Renewable Energy Certificate - A REC is the property right to the environmental benefits associated with generating renewable electricity. For instance, homeowners who generate solar electricity are credited with 1 solar REC for every MWh of electricity they produce.
SDG&E – San Diego Gas & Electric – The investor owned utility serving the City of Coronado Attachment 2
City of Coronado Page 508
Attachment 3
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
Notice of Exemption
To: Office of Planning and Research From: (Public Agency): City of Coronado 1400 Tenth Street, Room 121 Address: 1825 Strand Way
Sacramento, CA 95814 Coronado, CA 92118
County Recorder
County of San Diego
P.O. Box 121750
San Diego, CA 92112-1750
Project Title: Climate Action Plan – Implementation Plan Project Location - Specific: Citywide
Project Location - City: City of Coronado Project Location - County: San Diego Description of Project: The project consists of implementation of specific actions identified in the City’s adopted Climate Action Plan to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including programs to streamline permitting and reduce fees for solar energy and electric vehicle (EV) charging stations; evaluating options to provide zero-emission modes of public transportation, increase the number of public EV charging stations, and providing rooftop solar on City-owned facilities; increasing the supply of bike parking; offering a free tree event; implementing green building and green business recognition programs; increasing the number of EVs and hybrid vehicles in the City’s fleet; and working with other regional agencies to electrify and expand ferry service to/from Coronado.
Name of Public Agency Approving Project: City of Coronado Name of Agency Carrying Out Project: City of Coronado.
Exempt Status:
Ministerial (Sec. 21080(b)(1); 15268);
Declared Emergency (Sec. 21080(b)(3); 15269(a);
Emergency Project (Sec. 21080(b)(4); 15269(b)(c);
Categorical Exemption. State type and section number: 15304 Statutory Exemption. State code number:
Other: 15063(b)
Reasons why project is exempt: Several of the proposed activities, including actions to streamline permitting processes, reducing permit fees, advocating for electronification and expansion of ferry services, and studying the feasibility of adding solar to City facilities and additional public EV charging stations are not considered projects under CEQA and are therefore exempt from environmental review. Other activities, such as the free tree event, green building and green business recognition programs, and increasing the number of EVs in the City fleet are exempt pursuant to CEQA section 15063(b) because it can be seen with certainty that those activities will not result in a significant and adverse physical effect on the environment.
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Attachment 3
Installation of new bike racks in public rights-of-ways, rooftop solar systems, and planting of trees are exempt pursuant to CEQA section 15304, minor alterations to land.
Lead Agency Contact Person: Rich Grunow, Community Development Director Telephone & E-Mail: 619-522-7338; [email protected] Signature: Date: Title: _________________________
Signed by Lead Agency
Signed by Applicant
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CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
June 6, 2023 10c
CONSIDERATION OF LEGISLATIVE ACTION
RECOMMENDATION:
Provide direction to City staff on a legislative advocacy position on Assembly Bill 46 (Ramos).
BACKGROUND:
The Legislative Policy Guidelines set forth the City’s policy on legislative issues and provide direction to staff and legislative advocates. They are utilized as a guideline to develop appropriate positions and forward position letters to members of the California Legislature and/or the U.S. Congress in urgent situations, as a timely response is often critical in impacting whether a bill is passed or defeated in a committee. Staff reviews the Policy Guidelines annually and presents any recommended changes to the guidelines based upon shifting legislative priorities of the City and/or CalCities, which advocates for member cities at the State level.
If there are legislative positions not contemplated within the Legislative Policy Guidelines, the issue is brought to the City Council to provide policy direction. There is one bill, AB 46, that is not contemplated in the Legislative Policy Guidelines and offered for the City Council’s consideration and direction.
ANALYSIS:
Assembly Bill 46 (Ramos) would exclude uniformed services retirement pay and survivor benefit plan annuity payments from gross income, providing a tax benefit for retired members of the uniformed services and their beneficiaries. A full analysis of the bill by the most recent legislative committee of record is attached for reference. CalCities has taken a watch position on AB 46. As of June 1, AB 46 has cleared the Assembly and has now been referred to the Senate Governance and Finance Committee.
Staff seeks City Council direction on formal advocacy positions on the bill.
FISCAL IMPACT:
There is no fiscal impact.
ALTERNATIVE:
The City Council may choose to forgo a formal position on the bill.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT:
Not Applicable.
PUBLIC NOTICE:
No notice required.
ATTACHMENTS:
1. Assembly Floor Bill Analysis – AB 46 (Ramos)
Submitted By: City Manager's Office / Tony Winney
City of Coronado Page 511
Attachment 1
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Attachment 1
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