Agenda — Cudahy City Council, March 1, 2022 (part 1 of 3)

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AGENDA

A REGULAR MEETING

OF THE CUDAHY CITY COUNCIL
and JOINT MEETING of the
CITY OF CUDAHY AS SUCCESSOR AGENCY and HOUSING SUCCESSOR AGENCY

TO THE CUDAHY DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION
Tuesday, March 1, 2022 – 6:30 P.M.

Written materials distributed to the City Council within 72 hours of the City Council meeting shall be available for public inspection at www.cityofcudahy.com In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) if you need special assistance to participate in this meeting, you should contact the City Clerk’s Office at (323) 773-5143 at least 72 hours in advance of the meeting.

Rules of Decorum
Under the Government Code, the City Council may regulate disruptive behavior that impedes the City Council Meeting.

Disruptive conduct may include, but is not limited to:
• Screaming or yelling during another audience member’s public comments period; • Profane language directed at individuals in the meeting room; • Throwing objects at other individuals in the meeting room; • Verbal altercations with other individuals in the meeting room; and • Going beyond the allotted three-minute public comment period granted.

When a person’s or group’s conduct disrupts the meeting, the Mayor or presiding officer will request that the person or group stop the disruptive behavior and WARN the person or group that they will be asked to leave the meeting room if the behavior continues.

If the person or group refuses to stop the disruptive behavior, the Mayor or presiding officer may order the person or group to leave the meeting room and may request that those persons be escorted from the meeting room. Any person who, without authority of law, willfully disturbs or breaks up a City Council meeting is guilty of a misdemeanor. (Pen. Code, § 403.)
Elizabeth Alcantar, Mayor
Jose R. Gonzalez, Vice Mayor
Jack M. Guerrero, Council Member
Blanca Lozoya, Council Member
Daisy Lomelí, Council Member

REMOTE TELECONFERENCE AND

ELECTRONICALLY
This meeting will be conducted telephonically
and electronically pursuant to Government
Code § 54953
Teleconference Phone Number:
1 (669) 900-6833
Meeting ID: 830 2929 9862
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83029299862

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City of Cudahy
City Council and Successor Agency
Regular Meeting Agenda
March 1, 2022, at 6:30 P.M.

Page 2 of 5 ends

1. CALL TO ORDER

2. ROLL CALL
Council / Agency Member Guerrero
Council / Agency Member Lozoya
Council / Agency Member Lomelí
Vice Mayor / Vice Chair Gonzalez
Mayor / Chair Alcantar

3. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE

4. LAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to acknowledge that the land we inhabit today was once known as Tovangaar, the home of the Gabrieleño-Tongva people. We show our respects to the Gabrieleño-Tongva people, as well as all Indigenous people, past, present, and future, and honor their labor as original caretakers of this land. We commit to uplifting the Gabrieleño-Tongva people, invite you to acknowledge the history, and join us in caring for this land.

5. PRESENTATIONS

6. CLOSED SESSION PUBLIC COMMENTS - NONE

7. CLOSED SESSION - NONE

8. CLOSED SESSION ANNOUNCEMENT - NONE
Pursuant to Municipal Code Section 2.04.020, regular city council meetings are set to begin at 6:30 p.m., since there are no closed session items scheduled, the council will continue with the proceedings of this meeting without any break for closed session.

9. PUBLIC COMMENTS
(Each member of the public may provide a public comment telephonically or electronically by clicking the hand icon on Zoom or pressing star (*) nine (9) on the telephone, if he or she wishes to address the City Council. Members of the public are permitted to speak for three (3) minutes concerning items under the City Council’s jurisdiction, including items on the council agenda.) (Any person who, without authority of law, willfully disturbs or breaks up a City Council meeting is guilty of a misdemeanor. (Pen. Code, § 403).)

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City of Cudahy
City Council and Successor Agency
Regular Meeting Agenda
March 1, 2022, at 6:30 P.M.

Page 3 of 5 ends

10. CITY COUNCIL COMMENTS / REQUESTS FOR AGENDA ITEMS (Each Council Member is limited to three minutes.)
(This is the time for the City Council / Agency to comment on any topics related to “City Business,” including announcements, reflections on city / regional events, response to public comments, suggested discussion topics for future council meetings, general concerns about particular city matters, questions to the staff, and directives to the staff (subject to approval / consent of the City Council majority members present, regarding staff directives). Each Council / Agency Member will be allowed to speak for a period not to exceed three (3) minutes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the City Council Members shall not use this comment period for serial discussions or debate between members on City business matters not properly agendized. The City Attorney shall be responsible for regulating this aspect of the proceeding.)

11. CITY MANAGER REPORT (information only)

12. REPORTS REGARDING AD HOC, ADVISORY, STANDING, OR OTHER COMMITTEE

MEETINGS

13. WAIVER OF FULL READING OF RESOLUTIONS AND ORDINANCES (Consideration to waive full text reading of all Resolutions and Ordinances by single motion made at the start of each meeting, subject to the ability of the City Council / Agency to read the full text of selected resolutions and ordinances when the item is addressed by subsequent motion.) (COUNCIL / AGENCY)
Recommendation: Approve the Waiver of Full Reading of Resolutions and Ordinances.

14. CONSENT CALENDAR
(Items under the Consent Calendar are considered routine and will be enacted by one motion. There will be no separate discussion of these items unless a Council / Agency Member so requests, in which event the item will be removed from the Consent Calendar and considered separately.) A. Approval of the City Demands and Payroll Including Cash and Investment Report for the Month of January 2022 (page 7)
Presented by the Finance Director
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to approve the Demands and Payroll in the amount of $795,681.69 including Cash and Investment Report by Fund for the month of January 2022.

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City of Cudahy
City Council and Successor Agency
Regular Meeting Agenda
March 1, 2022, at 6:30 P.M.

Page 4 of 5 ends

B. Consideration to Review and Approve the Draft Minutes of February 15, 2022, for the Regular Meeting of the City Council and the Joint Meeting of the City of Cudahy as Successor Agency and Housing Successor Agency to the Cudahy Development Commission (page 23) Presented by the City Clerk
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to review and approve the City Council / Successor Agency Draft Minutes for February 15, 2022.

C. Adoption of Ordinance No. 718 - General Plan Amendment 21-01 – City of Cudahy 6th Cycle Housing Element Update – Citywide (page 35)
Presented by the Interim Community Development Director Recommendation: The City Council is requested to:

Adopt on Second Reading, Ordinance 718 approving General Plan Amendment 21-01, adopting the 2021 - 2029 6th Cycle Housing Element, and approving the Addendum to Cudahy General Plan 2040 EIR (SCH#2017071071) for the draft Housing Element Update.

D. Adoption of Proposed Resolution No. 22-10 Electing the Population and Inflation Factors and Establishing the City’s Fiscal Year (FY) 2021-2022 Appropriations Limit (Gann Limit) (page 273) Presented by the Finance Director
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to adopt proposed Resolution No. 22-10 confirming the population and inflation factors used to calculate the annual Appropriation Limit (Gann Limit) and establish the City’s Gann Limit for Fiscal Year (FY) 2021-2022.

15. PUBLIC HEARING - NONE

16. BUSINESS SESSION
A. Creation and Appointment of the Public Utilities Ad Hoc Committee (page 285) Presented by the City Clerk
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to create a Public Utilities Ad Hoc Committee and appoint two council members to serve on the committee.

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City of Cudahy
City Council and Successor Agency
Regular Meeting Agenda
March 1, 2022, at 6:30 P.M.

Page 5 of 5 ends

17. COUNCIL DISCUSSION - NONE

18. ADJOURNMENT
I, Richard Iglesias, hereby certify under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing agenda was posted on the City’s Website, City Hall, Bedwell Hall, Clara Park, and Lugo Park not less than 72 hours prior to the meeting. A copy of said Agenda is on file in the City Clerk’s Office.

Dated this 24th day of February 2022
Richard Iglesias, CMC
City Clerk

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Blank Page

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“Serving The People” "Sirviendo A La Comunidad"
Staff Report
03/01/2022 Page 1 of 2

STAFF REPORT
Date: March 1, 2022
To: Honorable Mayor/Chair and City Council/Agency Members From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager/Executive Director
By: Joshua Calhoun, Finance Director
Subject: Approval of the City Demands and Payroll Including Cash and Investment Report for the Month of January 2022

RECOMMENDATION
The City Council is requested to approve the Demands and Payroll in the amount of $795,681.69 including Cash and Investment Report by Fund for the month of January 2022.

BACKGROUND

1. On December 13, 1993, Ordinance 476 was adopted and codified as Cudahy Municipal Code Section 3.04.080 indicating, "Except as otherwise provided, no warrant shall be drawn, or evidence of indebtedness issued unless there shall be at the time sufficient money in the treasury legally applicable to the payment of the same."

2. In January 2022, the following demands and payroll have been completed by the Finance Department:

Demands $ 619,000.54 (Attachment A)
Payroll Warrants $ 84,152.28 (Attachment B)
$ 92,528.87 (Attachment B)
Total: $ 795,681.69

ANALYSIS
The Check Register Report (Attachment A), Payroll Warrants including payroll taxes and insurance premiums (Attachment B), Cash and Investment Report by Fund (Attachment C) indicate that the cash and investment balance was sufficient for disbursements for the month, Item Number
14A

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“Serving The People” "Sirviendo A La Comunidad"
Staff Report
03/01/2022 Page 2 of 2

a summary of cash received and disbursed by month during Fiscal Year (FY) 2021-22 (Attachment D), and a summary of cash received and disbursed by month during FY 2020-21 (Attachment E) are included.

Cudahy Municipal Code Section 3.04.070 indicates, "...Budgeted demands paid by warrant shall be presented to the council for ratification and approval..."

CONCLUSION
The Finance Director certifies to the availability of funds for payment. A Demand/Warrant Register has been submitted to the City Council for approval in accordance with Cudahy Municipal Code Section 3.04.070.

FINANCIAL IMPACT
The Cash and Investment Report by Fund (Attachment C) indicates how the total disbursements of $795,681.69 were distributed between the funds of the City.

ATTACHMENTS
A. Check Register Report.

B. Payroll Warrants including payroll taxes and insurance premiums.

C. Cash and Investment Report by Fund January 2022.

D. Summary of Cash Receipt / Disbursement by Month FY 2021-22.

E. Summary of Cash Receipt / Disbursement by Month FY 2020-21.

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City of Cudahy
Check Register Report
Check Check Date
Status
Amount
BANK:

Vendor# Vendor Name
Check Description
WELLS FARGO BANK Page: 1
Time: 3:27 pm
Date: 02/07/2022
Number Void/Stop Date
Gross
Discount
Reconcile Date
52556 01/06/2022 0001 AAA BURGLAR ALARM CO,
Printed
1,610.00

0.00 1,610.00
1ST QTR 2022 ALARM MONITOR FEE
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36848 001-4020-6720.000 1,610.00 0.00 1,610.00
Check Amount 1,610.00
52557 01/06/2022 10603 ADVANCED IMAGING SOLUTIONS
Printed
177.75

0.00 177.75

EQUIPMENT UNDER CONTRACT KYOCE
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36866 001-4020-6014.000 177.75 0.00 177.75
Check Amount 177.75
52558 01/06/2022 10393 ALEX'S AUTO SMOG
Printed

50.00 0.00

50.00 SMOG TEST VEHICLE #32
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36849 001-4230-6394.000 50.00 0.00 50.00
Check Amount 50.00
52559 01/06/2022 1778 ALL CITY MANAGEMENT
Printed
3,643.25

0.00 3,643.25
SCHOOL CROSSING GUARD NOV 2021 11/28-12/11/2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36867 201-4520-6730.000 1,185.60 0.00 1,185.60
36868 201-4520-6730.000 2,457.65 0.00 2,457.65
Check Amount 3,643.25
52560 01/06/2022 10595 ARAMSCO INC
Printed
4,011.58

0.00 4,011.58

JANITORIAL SUPPLIES
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36850 001-4020-6370.000 3,588.91 0.00 3,588.91
36851 001-4020-6080.000 67.33 0.00 67.33
36852 001-4020-6080.000 355.34 0.00 355.34
Check Amount 4,011.58
52561 01/06/2022 10133 AVANT-GARDE, INC.

Printed
2,255.00

0.00 2,255.00
NOV 2021 FUNDING COMPLIANCE
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36869 510-4620-6720.000 455.00 0.00 455.00
36869 001-4210-6720.000 1,800.00 0.00 1,800.00
Check Amount 2,255.00
52562 01/06/2022 0136 CITY OF SOUTH GATE
Printed

75.00 0.00

75.00 JAN 2022 PW MAINTENANCE
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36865 201-4420-6771.000 75.00 0.00 75.00
Check Amount 75.00
52563 01/06/2022 10576 CIVICPLUS
Printed
7,833.31

0.00 7,833.31
ANNUAL MAINTENANCE FEE 2023
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36870 001-4020-6910.000 7,833.31 0.00 7,833.31
Check Amount 7,833.31
Attachment A Page 9 of 286
City of Cudahy
Check Register Report
Check Check Date
Status
Amount
BANK:

Vendor# Vendor Name
Check Description
WELLS FARGO BANK Page: 2
Time: 3:27 pm
Date: 02/07/2022
Number Void/Stop Date
Gross
Discount
Reconcile Date
52564 01/06/2022 10474 COIT SERVICES, INC.

Printed
250.00

0.00 250.00
CARPET CLEANING DEC 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36853 001-4020-6370.000 250.00 0.00 250.00
Check Amount 250.00
52565 01/06/2022 0186 COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES
Printed
5,188.27

0.00 5,188.27
NOV 2021 ANIMAL CONTROL
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36871 001-4510-6703.000 5,188.27 0.00 5,188.27
Check Amount 5,188.27
52566 01/06/2022 1206 COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES IND WAST
Printed
5,850.08

0.00 5,850.08
PROJECT W0302010, IIW CUDAHY NOV 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36832 515-7085-6725.000 1,964.75 0.00 1,964.75
36833 001-4216-6720.000 644.57 0.00 644.57
36834 001-4216-6720.000 478.89 0.00 478.89
36835 001-4216-6720.000 1,724.97 0.00 1,724.97
36836 001-4216-6720.000 442.55 0.00 442.55
36837 001-4216-6720.000 41.95 0.00 41.95
36838 001-4216-6720.000 552.40 0.00 552.40
Check Amount 5,850.08
52567 01/06/2022 10072 DEPARTMENT OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Printed
788.47

0.00 788.47
07-09/2021 ENVIRONMENTAL SVCS
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36854 001-4216-6720.000 788.47 0.00 788.47
Check Amount 788.47
52568 01/06/2022 0126-1 GOLDEN STATE WATER COMPANY
Printed
1,791.78

0.00 1,791.78
WATER SERVICES DEC 2021 5229 C
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36872 001-4020-6395.000 1,791.78 0.00 1,791.78
Check Amount 1,791.78
52569 01/06/2022 10130 GWMA
Printed
39,560.22

0.00 39,560.22
LA RIVER UPPER REACH 2 FY21/22
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36839 001-4216-6745.000 7,500.00 0.00 7,500.00
36840 001-4216-6745.000 557.01 0.00 557.01
36841 001-4216-6745.000 31,503.21 0.00 31,503.21
Check Amount 39,560.22
52570 01/06/2022 0197 LA COUNTY SHERIFF'S DEPARTMENT
Printed
345,343.10

0.00 345,343.10
NOV 2021 LAW ENFORCEMENT
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36874 270-4501-6763.000 10,000.00 0.00 10,000.00
36874 001-4501-6763.000 335,343.10 0.00 335,343.10
Check Amount 345,343.10

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City of Cudahy
Check Register Report
Check Check Date
Status
Amount
BANK:

Vendor# Vendor Name
Check Description
WELLS FARGO BANK Page: 3
Time: 3:27 pm
Date: 02/07/2022
Number Void/Stop Date
Gross
Discount
Reconcile Date
52571 01/06/2022 10598 LEAF
Printed
422.70

0.00 422.70
KYOCERA COPIER DECEMBER 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36873 001-4020-6014.000 422.70 0.00 422.70
Check Amount 422.70
52572 01/06/2022 10669 MANAGEMENT PARTNERS INC
Printed
3,440.00

0.00 3,440.00
APRA ASSIT & STRATEGIC 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36875 530-4210-6720.000 3,440.00 0.00 3,440.00
Check Amount 3,440.00
52573 01/06/2022 0069-3 SIEMENS MOBILITY, INC.

Printed
3,374.96

0.00 3,374.96
STREET LIGHT CALL OUT NOV 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36855 254-4420-6771.000 603.47 0.00 603.47
36856 254-4420-6771.000 729.68 0.00 729.68
36857 350-4430-6775.000 783.25 0.00 783.25
36858 350-4430-6775.000 1,258.56 0.00 1,258.56
Check Amount 3,374.96
52574 01/06/2022 0071-1 SO CAL GAS
Printed

84.10 0.00

84.10 NATURAL GAS NOV 2021 4835 CLAR
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36876 001-4020-6380.000 84.10 0.00 84.10
Check Amount 84.10
52575 01/06/2022 0070 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON
Printed
937.68

0.00 937.68
ELECTRICITY BILLS NOV 2021 700305960272
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36877 350-4430-6318.000 11.49 0.00 11.49
36877 201-4420-6318.000 109.78 0.00 109.78
36878 001-4020-6318.000 73.31 0.00 73.31
36878 350-4430-6318.000 36.10 0.00 36.10
36878 201-4420-6318.000 707.00 0.00 707.00
Check Amount 937.68
52576 01/06/2022 5958 STATE WATER RESOURCES
Printed
10,602.00

0.00 10,602.00
ANNUAL PERMITS 10/21-09/22 FACILITY ID:4 19M1000106
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36859 001-4216-6745.000 10,602.00 0.00 10,602.00
Check Amount 10,602.00
52577 01/06/2022 9991 TRANSTECH ENGINEERING, INC.

Printed
20,147.05

0.00 20,147.05
21ST PROGRESS CLARA BRIDGE THUR 10/31/2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36842 235-7105-6720.000 805.00 0.00 805.00
36843 253-7098-6725.000 644.00 0.00 644.00
36844 001-4930-6724.000 14,062.30 0.00 14,062.30
36845 001-4930-6724.000 1,653.75 0.00 1,653.75
36846 515-7085-6725.000 1,694.00 0.00 1,694.00
36847 515-7085-6725.000 1,288.00 0.00 1,288.00

Page 11 of 286 ends

City of Cudahy
Check Register Report
Check Check Date
Status
Amount
BANK:

Vendor# Vendor Name
Check Description
WELLS FARGO BANK Page: 4
Time: 3:27 pm
Date: 02/07/2022
Number Void/Stop Date
Gross
Discount
Reconcile Date
Check Amount 20,147.05
52578 01/06/2022 9951 WILLDAN
Printed
27,667.50

0.00 27,667.50
SB2 GRANT SERVICES NOV 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36860 001-4216-6720.000 1,785.00 0.00 1,785.00
36861 001-4216-6745.000 1,715.00 0.00 1,715.00
36862 001-4216-6745.000 42.50 0.00 42.50
36863 001-4216-6745.000 5,936.00 0.00 5,936.00
36864 001-4216-6745.000 3,179.00 0.00 3,179.00
36879 001-4215-6720.000 10,530.00 0.00 10,530.00
36880 001-4215-6760.000 4,480.00 0.00 4,480.00
Check Amount 27,667.50
52579 01/20/2022 2378-3 8330 ATLANTIC AVE INC
Printed
1,242.10

0.00 1,242.10
FUEL FOR CITY VEHICLE JAN 2022 1/1-10/2022
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36881 001-4530-6040.000 33.13 0.00 33.13
36881 001-4410-6040.000 356.48 0.00 356.48
36881 201-4425-6040.000 123.37 0.00 123.37
36882 001-4530-6040.000 65.01 0.00 65.01
36882 001-4410-6040.000 201.84 0.00 201.84
36882 201-4425-6040.000 210.33 0.00 210.33
36883 001-4530-6040.000 25.74 0.00 25.74
36883 201-4425-6040.000 226.20 0.00 226.20
Check Amount 1,242.10
52580 01/20/2022 1778 ALL CITY MANAGEMENT
Printed
1,370.85

0.00 1,370.85
SCHOOL CROSSING GUARD DEC 2021 12/12-25/2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36884 201-4520-6730.000 1,370.85 0.00 1,370.85
Check Amount 1,370.85
52581 01/20/2022 10640 AMAZON CAPITAL SERVICES, INC.

Printed
196.54

0.00 196.54
SUPPLIES 12/21/21 TO 01/17/22
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36885 001-4350-6210.000 73.28 0.00 73.28
36885 001-4020-6010.000 72.74 0.00 72.74
36885 201-4425-6150.000 50.52 0.00 50.52
Check Amount 196.54
52582 01/20/2022 7995 AMERICAN CITY PEST & TERMITE
Printed
430.50

0.00 430.50
PEST CONTROL JAN 2022 7810 OTI
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36886 001-4020-6720.000 113.50 0.00 113.50
36887 001-4020-6720.000 131.50 0.00 131.50
36888 001-4020-6720.000 185.50 0.00 185.50
Check Amount 430.50
52583 01/20/2022 9966 AT & T LONG DISTANCE SERVICE
Printed

43.71 0.00

43.71 LONG DISTANCE SERVICE JAN 2022
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36890 001-4020-6390.000 43.71 0.00 43.71

Page 12 of 286 ends

City of Cudahy
Check Register Report
Check Check Date
Status
Amount
BANK:

Vendor# Vendor Name
Check Description
WELLS FARGO BANK Page: 5
Time: 3:27 pm
Date: 02/07/2022
Number Void/Stop Date
Gross
Discount
Reconcile Date
Check Amount 43.71
52584 01/20/2022 8021 AT & T MOBILITY
Printed
823.26

0.00 823.26
MOBILITY BILL 11/03-12/02/2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36891 201-4425-6390.000 126.76 0.00 126.76
36891 001-4020-6390.000 696.50 0.00 696.50
Check Amount 823.26
52585 01/20/2022 0057-4 AT&T
Printed

14.04 0.00

14.04 ONLINE FAX PLAN 12/16-1/15/22
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36889 001-4020-6390.000 14.04 0.00 14.04
Check Amount 14.04
52586 01/20/2022 10499 BOXING 4 KIDS LA
Printed
945.00

0.00 945.00
BOXING INSTRUCTOR DEC 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36892 001-4350-6210.000 945.00 0.00 945.00
Check Amount 945.00
52587 01/20/2022 7019 BUSINESS CARD
Printed
3,580.78

0.00 3,580.78
CITY CREDIT CARD DEC 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36893 201-4425-6250.000 -212.11 0.00 -212.11
36893 001-4410-6250.000 354.63 0.00 354.63
36893 001-4350-6080.000 16.99 0.00 16.99
36893 001-4216-6080.000 16.99 0.00 16.99
36893 001-4151-6080.000 16.99 0.00 16.99
36893 001-4020-6910.000 768.94 0.00 768.94
36893 001-4020-6515.000 59.73 0.00 59.73
36893 001-4020-6490.000 605.15 0.00 605.15
36893 001-4020-6080.000 73.34 0.00 73.34
36893 001-4015-6322.000 -284.46 0.00 -284.46
36893 001-4015-6320.000 308.00 0.00 308.00
36893 001-4011-6080.000 16.99 0.00 16.99
36893 001-4008-6080.000 153.45 0.00 153.45
36893 001-4001-6312.000 31.80 0.00 31.80
36893 001-4001-6085.000 154.35 0.00 154.35
36893 001-0000-4916.000 1,500.00 0.00 1,500.00
Check Amount 3,580.78
52588 01/20/2022 1206 COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES IND WAST
Printed
469.82

0.00 469.82
PROJECT W0302010, IIW CUDAHY N DEC 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36894 001-4216-6720.000 469.82 0.00 469.82
Check Amount 469.82
52589 01/20/2022 10517 DELL FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC
Printed
1,176.68

0.00 1,176.68
COMPUTER LEASES 01/29-02/27/22
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36895 001-4020-6910.000 551.50 0.00 551.50
36896 001-4020-6910.000 625.18 0.00 625.18

Page 13 of 286 ends

City of Cudahy
Check Register Report
Check Check Date
Status
Amount
BANK:

Vendor# Vendor Name
Check Description
WELLS FARGO BANK Page: 6
Time: 3:27 pm
Date: 02/07/2022
Number Void/Stop Date
Gross
Discount
Reconcile Date
Check Amount 1,176.68
52590 01/20/2022 10485 ENTERPRISE FM TRUST
Printed
3,856.35

0.00 3,856.35
LEASE PAYMENT JAN 2022
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36897 201-4425-6393.000 2,599.98 0.00 2,599.98
36897 257-4780-6393.000 1,256.37 0.00 1,256.37
Check Amount 3,856.35
52591 01/20/2022 10018 ESTRADA HILDA
Printed
2,400.00

0.00 2,400.00
12/07,21/21,1/4/22 INTERPERTER
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36901 001-4020-6720.000 2,400.00 0.00 2,400.00
Check Amount 2,400.00
52592 01/20/2022 10581 FIESTA TAXI COOPERATIVE INC.

Printed
669.00

0.00 669.00
DEC 2021 SR MEALS DELIVERIES
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36898 510-4644-6720.000 669.00 0.00 669.00
Check Amount 669.00
52593 01/20/2022 6087 FIRST AMERICAN DATA TREE
Printed

99.00 0.00

99.00 PROPERTY RPT SVC DEC 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36899 001-4215-6080.000 99.00 0.00 99.00
Check Amount 99.00
52594 01/20/2022 10053 HAULAWAY STORAGE CONTAINERS
Printed

74.20 0.00

74.20 STORAGE SERVICES JAN 2022
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36900 001-4020-6970.000 74.20 0.00 74.20
Check Amount 74.20
52595 01/20/2022 10475 HUMAN SERVICES ASSOCIATION
Printed
4,323.25

0.00 4,323.25
CARE MANAGEMENT SVCS 2QTR 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36902 510-4644-6720.000 4,323.25 0.00 4,323.25
Check Amount 4,323.25
52596 01/20/2022 9723 IT SYSTEM HOUSE, LLC
Printed
4,446.48

0.00 4,446.48

SECURITY AWARENESS TRAINING
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36903 001-4020-6720.000 3,200.00 0.00 3,200.00
36904 001-4020-6720.000 154.98 0.00 154.98
36905 001-4020-6720.000 1,091.50 0.00 1,091.50
Check Amount 4,446.48
52597 01/20/2022 10673 JUAN PABLO BONILLA
Printed

90.00 0.00

90.00 REFUND 2021 PARKING PERMIT
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36906 001-0000-4912.000 90.00 0.00 90.00

Page 14 of 286 ends

City of Cudahy
Check Register Report
Check Check Date
Status
Amount
BANK:

Vendor# Vendor Name
Check Description
WELLS FARGO BANK Page: 7
Time: 3:27 pm
Date: 02/07/2022
Number Void/Stop Date
Gross
Discount
Reconcile Date
Check Amount 90.00
52598 01/20/2022 10655 LUIS AGUILAR
Printed
225.00

0.00 225.00

BUSINESS CARDS
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36907 001-4020-6970.000 225.00 0.00 225.00
Check Amount 225.00
52599 01/20/2022 10671 MAGICAL HOLIDAY DESIGNS
Printed
4,950.00

0.00 4,950.00

BANNERS INSTALL,TAKE DOWN
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36908 201-4425-6387.000 4,950.00 0.00 4,950.00
Check Amount 4,950.00
52600 01/20/2022 10542 MV CHENG & ASSOCIATES INC.

Printed
4,545.00

0.00 4,545.00
CONSULTING SERVICES DEC 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36909 001-4155-6720.000 4,545.00 0.00 4,545.00
Check Amount 4,545.00
52601 01/20/2022 7014 NATIONWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL
Printed
8,924.56

0.00 8,924.56
DEC 2021 STREETS/PARK SWEEPING
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36910 201-4425-6778.000 8,924.56 0.00 8,924.56
Check Amount 8,924.56
52602 01/20/2022 1978-2 OFFICE DEPOT
Printed
421.92

0.00 421.92

OFFICE SUPPLIES
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36912 001-4018-6080.000 4.62 0.00 4.62
36912 001-4020-6014.000 159.44 0.00 159.44
36912 001-4020-6080.000 257.86 0.00 257.86
Check Amount 421.92
52603 01/20/2022 10201-1 OLIVAREZ MADRUGA LEMIEUX
Printed
46,767.50

0.00 46,767.50
NOV 2021 LEGAL SERVICES
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36911 001-4005-6762.000 9,170.50 0.00 9,170.50
36911 001-4005-6720.000 6,219.50 0.00 6,219.50
36911 001-4005-6755.000 31,377.50 0.00 31,377.50
Check Amount 46,767.50
52604 01/20/2022 10184 RED WING SHOES
Printed
398.44

0.00 398.44

WORK BOOTS
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36913 001-4410-6250.000 398.44 0.00 398.44
Check Amount 398.44
52605 01/20/2022 9737 REGIONAL TAP SERVICE CENTER
Printed

60.00 0.00

60.00 SENIORS TAP CARD OCT 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36914 251-4760-6550.000 20.00 0.00 20.00

Page 15 of 286 ends

City of Cudahy
Check Register Report
Check Check Date
Status
Amount
BANK:

Vendor# Vendor Name
Check Description
WELLS FARGO BANK Page: 8
Time: 3:27 pm
Date: 02/07/2022
Number Void/Stop Date
Gross
Discount
Reconcile Date
36915 251-4760-6550.000 40.00 0.00 40.00
Check Amount 60.00
52606 01/20/2022 0069-3 SIEMENS MOBILITY, INC.

Printed
5,899.78

0.00 5,899.78
STREET LIGHT CALL OUT DEC 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36916 350-4430-6775.000 783.25 0.00 783.25
36917 254-4420-6771.000 729.68 0.00 729.68
36918 254-4420-6771.000 1,303.81 0.00 1,303.81
36919 350-4430-6775.000 3,083.04 0.00 3,083.04
Check Amount 5,899.78
52607 01/20/2022 10514 SO CAL COMPTON PIPE SUPPLY CO
Printed
481.80

0.00 481.80

ASPHALT COLD PATCH
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36920 001-4410-6389.000 481.80 0.00 481.80
Check Amount 481.80
52608 01/20/2022 0071-1 SO CAL GAS
Printed
260.98

0.00 260.98
NATURAL GAS DEC 2021 7810 OTIS
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36921 001-4020-6380.000 214.98 0.00 214.98
36937 001-4020-6380.000 46.00 0.00 46.00
Check Amount 260.98
52609 01/20/2022 0070 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON
Printed
20,278.82

0.00 20,278.82
ELECTRICITY BILLS DEC 2021 700253825503
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36922 001-4020-6318.000 2,935.65 0.00 2,935.65
36922 350-4430-6318.000 10,403.53 0.00 10,403.53
36922 201-4420-6318.000 110.92 0.00 110.92
36922 001-4020-6318.000 3,262.04 0.00 3,262.04
36923 201-4420-6318.000 490.53 0.00 490.53
36923 001-4020-6318.000 3,076.15 0.00 3,076.15
Check Amount 20,278.82
52610 01/20/2022 10592 SPARKLETTS
Printed

77.33 0.00

77.33 WATER DELIVERY SVC DEC 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36924 001-4350-6210.000 12.99 0.00 12.99
36924 001-4020-6080.000 64.34 0.00 64.34
Check Amount 77.33
52611 01/20/2022 5647 STAPLES BUSINESS ADVANTAGE
Printed

9.48 0.00

9.48 OFFICE SUPPLIES
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36925 001-4020-6080.000 9.48 0.00 9.48
Check Amount 9.48
52612 01/20/2022 8363 TIME WARNER CABLE
Printed
187.97

0.00 187.97
INTERNET SERVICES 7810 OTIS
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36926 001-4020-6396.000 89.99 0.00 89.99

Page 16 of 286 ends

City of Cudahy
Check Register Report
Check Check Date
Status
Amount
BANK:

Vendor# Vendor Name
Check Description
WELLS FARGO BANK Page: 9
Time: 3:27 pm
Date: 02/07/2022
Number Void/Stop Date
Gross
Discount
Reconcile Date
36927 001-4020-6396.000 97.98 0.00 97.98
Check Amount 187.97
52613 01/20/2022 0079 TRACT 180 WATER COMPANY
Printed
1,224.69

0.00 1,224.69
WATER SERVICES NOV-DEC 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36928 001-4410-6395.000 152.45 0.00 152.45
36928 201-4425-6395.000 72.80 0.00 72.80
36928 001-4410-6395.000 999.44 0.00 999.44
Check Amount 1,224.69
52614 01/20/2022 0078 TRACT 349 MUTUAL WATER CO
Printed
863.82

0.00 863.82
WATER SERVICES 10/15-12/15/021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36929 201-4425-6395.000 863.82 0.00 863.82
Check Amount 863.82
52615 01/20/2022 8066 TYLER TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Printed
8,298.63

0.00 8,298.63
NETWORK & MAINT SERVICE 2022
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36930 001-4151-6720.000 8,298.63 0.00 8,298.63
Check Amount 8,298.63
52616 01/20/2022 5631 WELLS LOCK & KEY
Printed
332.00

0.00 332.00

LOCK & KEY SERVICES
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36931 001-4020-6370.000 225.00 0.00 225.00
36932 001-4020-6370.000 40.00 0.00 40.00
36933 001-4020-6370.000 67.00 0.00 67.00
Check Amount 332.00
52617 01/20/2022 9951 WILLDAN
Printed
2,485.00

0.00 2,485.00
CITY ENGINEER DEC 2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36934 001-4212-6720.000 1,400.00 0.00 1,400.00
36935 001-4216-6720.000 1,085.00 0.00 1,085.00
Check Amount 2,485.00
52618 01/20/2022 10401 WILLDAN FINANCIAL SERVICES
Printed
860.00

0.00 860.00
COA ADMINISTRATION NOV/DEC2021
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36936 001-4215-6760.000 860.00 0.00 860.00
Check Amount 860.00
52619 01/20/2022 9966 AT & T LONG DISTANCE SERVICE
Printed

42.39 0.00

42.39 LONG DISTANCE SERVICE JAN 2022 323 771 2072
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36938 001-4020-6390.000 42.39 0.00 42.39
Check Amount 42.39
52620 01/20/2022 0057-2 AT & T PHONE SERVICE
Printed

50.07 0.00

50.07 JAN 2022 LANDLINE SERVICE 323 562-2005 521 2

Page 17 of 286 ends

City of Cudahy
Check Register Report
Check Check Date
Status
Amount
BANK:

Vendor# Vendor Name
Check Description
WELLS FARGO BANK Page: 10
Time: 3:27 pm
Date: 02/07/2022
Number Void/Stop Date
Gross
Discount
Reconcile Date
Ref# GL Number Gross Discount Amount
36939 001-4020-6390.000 50.07 0.00 50.07
Check Amount 50.07
Total Checks: 65 Bank Total(excluding void checks): 619,000.54 Total Checks: 65 Grand Total(excluding void checks): 619,000.54

Page 18 of 286 ends

01/11/22 01/27/22
Direct Deposits (a) 58,968.35 63,046.08
ICMA Direct Deposit (b) - 2,292.00
CalPERS Direct Deposit (c) 22,858.67 22,858.67
Payroll taxes (d) 2,325.26 -
Benefit Payment (e) 4,332.12
Total Amount 84,152.28 92,528.87
Note (a) - Employees / Council Members / Commissioners
Note (b) - Payments to ICMA
Note (c) - Payments for CalPERS medical & retirement
Note (d) - Federal / State payroll taxes and unemployment Note (e) - Medical Insurance paid online

CITY OF CUDAHY
Payroll Warrants including payroll taxes and insurance premiums:

Attachment B Page 19 of 286
Balance Inflow Outflow Balance Receipts Disbursements
Fund July 1, 2021 YTD YTD Jan 31, 2022 Jan-2022 Jan-2022 001 General Fund 3,337,162.64 6,332,219.98 5,689,102.85 3,980,279.77 2,387,758.00 677,662.37 201 State Gas Tax 62,189.12 64,759.41 86,112.80 40,835.73 212.11 59,146.43 215 SB1 976,176.89 120,965.84 176,417.29 920,725.44 39,184.72 69.41 235 Other Grants (5,703.27) 68.48 805.00 (6,439.79) - 805.00 240 Improv. 49.19 160,248.23 138,144.03 22,153.39 148.48 - 251 Prop C 157,078.79 280,799.05 72,790.83 365,087.01 41,010.46 5,657.47 252 Prop A 633,016.16 169,909.92 34,991.77 767,934.31 49,160.04 3,736.16 253 Measure R 1,581,406.35 166,540.45 32,809.38 1,715,137.42 30,570.96 5,594.35 254 Measure M 1,183,196.72 51,798.08 13,162.33 1,221,832.47 34,638.59 4,367.74 257 AQMD 108,353.52 - 1,256.37 107,097.15 - 1,256.37
260 Used Oild Grant 1.47 - - 1.47 - -
261 Container 6,643.32 - - 6,643.32 - -
265 Recycling Grant 15,143.26 5.27 - 15,148.53 23,325.29 10,000.00 270 C.O.P.S 220,086.02 83,337.31 80,000.00 223,423.33 - - 280 County Park Bond 27,830.54 (49,875.29) - (22,044.75) - - 300 CAL Home 112,574.50 22.09 - 112,596.59 - 16,359.22
350 Street Lighting Fund (19,862.44) 200,651.18 95,668.01 85,120.73 - - 390 Quimby Act Fund 66,683.42 136,167.47 - 202,850.89 42,233.00 13,003.48 510 CDBG 31,632.24 188,907.06 181,234.50 39,304.80 - 4,946.75 515 Federal STPL 782,047.11 107,828.77 10,599.45 879,276.43 520 Federal STPL - (4,660.30) - (4,660.30) - -
530 American Recovery Act - 2,819,103.00 - 2,819,103.00 1,069,230.00 - 610 Successor Agencies 4,152,682.18 3,244,705.55 2,117,495.55 5,279,892.18 - 50.01 710 Youth Foundation 40,553.88 34.18 50.01 40,538.05 57,657.03 - 730 Refuse Assessment 15,114.27 394,236.44 23,810.54 385,540.17 230,310.06 - 13,484,055.88 14,644,067.63 9,111,684.97 19,016,438.54 4,005,438.74 802,654.76 LAIF- CITY 10,123,098.38 2,070,309.06 1,000,000.00 11,193,407.44 6,440.33 - Wells Fargo 3,360,957.50 12,573,758.57 8,111,684.97 7,823,031.10 3,998,998.41 802,654.76 TOTAL 13,484,055.88 14,644,067.63 9,111,684.97 19,016,438.54 4,005,438.74 802,654.76 Total cash disbursement per January Demands and Payroll Reports AP disbursements 619,000.54
Payroll - January 11, 2022 84,152.28
Payroll - January 27, 2022 92,528.87
Sub-Total 795,681.69
Add: Total Bank charges in January 2022 1,302.62
Add: Credit card charges and other debits 5,670.45
Total Cash Disbursements per Cash & Investment Report 802,654.76

CITY OF CUDAHY
Cash and Investment Report by Fund January 2022
Attachment C Page 20 of 286
City of Cudahy
Summary of Cash Receipt/Disbursement by Month - FY 2021-22 Month
Cash Receipts Disbursement
July 2020 $ 4,384,936.17 (a) 1,719,070.00 (b)
August 2020 1,302,245.06 1,724,180.11
September 2020 1,466,415.84 1,914,075.46
October 2020 1,180,116.32 951,668.82
November 2020 1,237,105.57 1,138,377.87
December 2020 1,067,809.93 861,657.95
January 2021 4,005,438.74 802,654.76
February 2021
March 2021
April 2021
May 2021
June 2021
Total: $ 14,644,067.63 9,111,684.97
Note (a) - Includes $2.819 M received from American Rescue Plan Act Note (b) - City liability, workers comp insurance, and PERS unfunded pension Month
Cash Receipts Disbursement
July 2020 $ 3,902,895.43 (1) 1,619,239.22 (2)
August 2020 1,279,409.42 669,082.58
September 2020 844,812.89 950,848.20
October 2020 879,973.23 784,400.59
November 2020 559,848.45 732,580.26
December 2020 446,464.02 672,977.93
January 2021 2,387,758.00 (3) 677,662.37
February 2021
March 2021
April 2021
May 2021
June 2021
Total: $ 10,301,161.44 6,106,791.15
Average Per Month: 1,471,594.49 872,398.74
Note (1) - Includes $2.819 M received from American Rescue Plan Act Note (2) - City liab. & workers comp insurance, and PERS unfunded pension liab.

Note (3) - Includes a $1,556,568 in Motor Vehicle In-lieu receipt All Funds
General Fund
Attachment D Page 21 of 286
Blank Page

Page 22 of 286 ends

“Serving the People” "Sirviendo A La Comunidad"
Staff Report
03/01/2022 Page 1 of 2

STAFF REPORT
Date: March 1, 2022
To: Honorable Mayor/Chair and City Council/Agency Members From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager/Executive Director
By: Richard Iglesias, City Clerk
Subject: Consideration to Review and Approve the Draft Minutes of February 15, 2022, for the Regular Meeting of the City Council and the Joint Meeting of the City of Cudahy as Successor Agency and Housing Successor Agency to the Cudahy Development Commission

RECOMMENDATION
The City Council is requested to review and approve the City Council / Successor Agency Draft Minutes for February 15, 2022.

BACKGROUND / ANALYSIS
On December 12, 2016, the City Council of the City of Cudahy adopted Resolution No. 16-38, approving the use of summary action minutes, meant to allow the City Clerk's Office to write the minutes in brief, assuring a record of Council's actions, due to having a recording of the full Council Meeting on the City’s website.

Historically
The Municipal Clerk is one of the oldest professions in government, dating back to 1272 A.D., originating in England. The record keeper then was called Remembrancer, an English official whose job was to remind the Lord Treasurer and Barons of Court, of business pending.

Years later, in the 1600s, when early colonists came to America, the office of the Clerk was one of the first offices to be established. Over the years, the City Clerk’s office has become the core for local government, and the liaison to the residents of the Community. The Municipal Clerk (City Clerk) is the record keeper of a City’s recorded history.

Item Number
14B

Page 23 of 286 ends

“Serving the People” "Sirviendo A La Comunidad"
Staff Report
03/01/2022 Page 2 of 2
William Bennett Munro, a Canadian historian, and political scientist, who taught at Harvard University and the California Institute of Technology, stated in one of his first textbooks written: “No other office in municipal service has so many contacts. It serves the Mayor, the City Council, the City Manager (when there is one), and all administrative departments, without exception. All of them call upon it, almost daily, for some service or information. Its work is not spectacular, but it demands versatility, alertness, accuracy, and no end of patience.

The public does not realize how many loose ends of city administration this office pulls together.”
Moving forward to the present time, the City Clerk’s office today is generally responsible for keeping a record of City Council meetings; agreements; recordings of official documents; legal advertisements; municipal elections; commissions and committees current files; claims against the city; and other legal or official documents.

City Clerks are required to keep record of the proceedings (minutes) of Council meetings (Government Code Sections 36814 and 40801). Minutes are the official record of a meeting which provides a history of the Council’s decisions and actions.

CONCLUSION
City Council is requested to approve the attached City Council / Agency Draft Minutes of the proceedings of February 15, 2022.

FINANCIAL IMPACT
No Financial Impact.

ATTACHMENT
A. Draft Minutes February 15, 2022
B. Resolution No. 16-38, approving the City Clerk’s use of Summary Action Minutes as the Official Record of the City Council proceedings.

Page 24 of 286 ends

City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 2/15/22 Page 1 of 8

MINUTES
CUDAHY CITY COUNCIL REGUAR MEETING and
CITY OF CUDAHY AS SUCCESSOR AGENCY and

HOUSING SUCCESSOR AGENCY TO THE CUDAHY

DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION JOINT MEETING
February 15, 2022 6:30 P.M.

1. CALL TO ORDER
Mayor / Chair Alcantar called the meeting to order at 6:35 p.m.

2. ROLL CALL
PRESENT: Council / Agency Member Jack M. Guerrero (left at 9:24 p.m.) Council / Agency Member Blanca Lozoya
Council / Agency Member Daisy Lomelí
Vice Mayor / Vice Chair Jose R. Gonzalez (Joined at 7:03 p.m. and rejoined at 7:58 p.m.)
Mayor / Chair Elizabeth Alcantar
ABSENT: None
ALSO PRESENT: City Manager, Alfonso Noyola, City Attorney, Victor Ponto, City Clerk, Richard Iglesias, Finance Director, Joshua Calhoun, Senior Accountant, Charles Ortiz, Interim Community Development Manager, Salvador Lopez, Director of Administrative Services/Acting Human Resources Manager, Brenda Rodriguez, and Management Analyst, Andres Rangel.

3. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
The Pledge of Allegiance was led by Council Member Lomelí.

4. LAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Land Acknowledgment was led by Council Member Lomelí.

We would like to acknowledge that the land we inhabit today was once known as Tovangaar, the home of the Gabrieleño-Tongva people. We show our respects to the Gabrieleño-Tongva people, as well as all Indigenous people, past, present, and future, and honor their labor as original caretakers of this land. We commit to uplifting the Gabrieleño-Tongva people, invite you to acknowledge the history, and join us in caring for this land.

5. PRESENTATIONS
A. Parks and Recreation Department Annual Update
Attachment A Page 25 of 286
City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 2/15/22 Page 2 of 8

6. CLOSED SESSION PUBLIC COMMENTS
Jack Guerrero stated he would be withdrawing from the closed session item due to his lack of confidence that the City would not respect parameters and limit discussion only to actual negotiation. He mentioned his recurring concern of the Council handling closed session items regarding alleged repeated violations of California Sunshine laws.

At 6:55 p.m., City Attorney, Victor Ponto recessed to closed session.

7. CLOSED SESSION
A. Closed Session Pursuant to Government Code Section 54957.6(a) – Conference with Labor Negotiator Regarding Represented Employees
City’s Designated Representative(s) for Negotiations: City Manager Alfonso Noyola Employee Organization: Cudahy Miscellaneous Employees Association (CMEA)
At 7:33 p.m., Mayor Alcantar reconvened to open session

8. CLOSED SESSION ANNOUNCEMENT
City Attorney Victor Ponto announced direction was received by Council and given by the City Attorney’s office, no further reportable action.

9. PUBLIC COMMENTS
Bertha Martinez reminded Council on the site at 7801-7835 Otis Avenue not being an appropriate site for a school, if a school is built DTSC must have oversight of the project, mentioned Council needs to protect the city it serves and consider becoming alias with Cudahy Alliance for Justice.

Susie reminded Council to not allow the construction of the new school at 7801-7835 Otis Avenue due to the concerns they have of exposed contaminants and make sure Cudahy residents are protected since the site used to be a metal foundry and also mentioned if Council decides to approve the school to make sure DTSC and all proper cleanup is done.

Tevina Q. also reminded Council they are aware of the school being built on toxic land and make sure they do a proper clean-up.

Ted Jimenez spoke on item 15B, requesting Council to add local hire language in the Housing Element Plan to provide residents and members of building trades an opportunity to work close to home and also mentioned other cities have adopted similar language.

Victor Frias stated KIPP should not be allowed to be built on contaminated land, City should conduct an environmental impact report of KIPP under CEQA before allowing them to build and have oversight from the DTSC.

Aydé Bravo stated the city should not permit KIPP SoCal to build a school due to environmental concerns, mentioned the city should conduct an environmental impact

Page 26 of 286 ends

City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 2/15/22 Page 3 of 8 report under CEQA before allowing KIPP to build at the location and ensure that all hazardous waste is removed safely overseen by DTSC.

Star Laca thanked Council Member Lomelí, mentioned Council still has time to avoid what occurred at Park Avenue, asked for the school not to be built on the land and if decided to have the school built to ensure there is oversight by DTSC.

EMAILED PUBLIC COMMENTS
Elva Palafox Good evening Members of Cudahy City Council, the city of Cudahy must complete.an Environmental Impact Report for the project at 7801-7835 Otis Ave and require that KIPP SoCal properly clean up the site with oversight from the Department of Toxic Substances Control. As council members, you must ensure that KIPP SoCal abides by the judge's ruling.

Lorraine Alcala Good evening Members of Cudahy City Council, the city of Cudahy must complete.an Environmental Impact Report for the project at 7801-7835 Otis Ave and require that KIPP SoCal properly clean up the site with oversight from the Department of Toxic Substances Control. As council members, you must ensure that KIPP SoCal abides by the judge's ruling.

Abby Jaramillo Good evening Members of Cudahy City Council, the city of Cudahy must complete an Environmental Impact Report for the project at 7801-7835 Otis Ave and require that KIPP SoCal properly clean up the site with oversight from the Department of Toxic Substances Control. As council members, you must ensure that KIPP SoCal abides by the judge's ruling.

10. CITY COUNCIL COMMENTS / REQUESTS FOR AGENDA ITEMS
Council Member Lomelí thanked the educators who joined the council meeting, thanked Ellen Ochoa Learning Center and Elizabeth Learning Center for their hard work through a difficult week, and gave information on future events.

Council Member Lozoya asked how often the small park across from the river is cleaned.

Council Member Guerrero addressed the city attorney regarding his recurring concern about closed session. Reminded residents that the city council recently authorized a symbolic statement at the beginning of each meeting, recognizing Gabrieleño-Tongva people, Native American heritage in the city, and the broader region in a meeting in January which was nice. Yet the same day the recognition of Native American heritage was on the agenda, the council voted to deny the Native American community the right to judicial due process in California courts. Lastly, reminded everyone of the 2022 California Ballot Initiative called the Education Freedom Act.

Mayor Alcantar reiterated her support for local schools, commented on a threat made to schools in Cudahy and several schools throughout southeast Los Angeles; no one was harmed, one arrest was made, and she welcomed ideas to what can be done to support schools. She mentioned celebrating a local business, LA Princesa Bakery, highlighting

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City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 2/15/22 Page 4 of 8 them being invited to the Super Bowl to create a hot Cheeto tamale and encouraging people to visit local businesses.

11. CITY MANAGER REPORT (information only)

12. REPORTS REGARDING AD HOC, ADVISORY, STANDING OR OTHER

COMMITTEE MEETINGS
City Manager Noyola announced staff assigned to commissions would be providing the minutes as part of the council agenda.

Council Member Lomeli mentioned she is looking forward to connecting with staff on scheduling a Commissions Ad-Hoc Committee and Education Ad-Hoc Committee meeting.

Mayor Alcantar mentioned the Hub Cities program and all the job assistance they provide.

13. WAIVER OF FULL READING OF RESOLUTIONS AND ORDINANCES Motion: Council Member Lomelí motioned to waive full reading of resolutions and ordinances, seconded by Vice Mayor Gonzalez. Motion passed 4-0 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Lozoya, Lomelí, Alcantar, and Gonzalez
NOES: None
ABSENT: None
ABSTAIN: Guerrero

14. CONSENT CALENDAR
Council Member Guerrero requested to pull Consent Calendar items 13A and 13C for separate consideration.

B. Adopt a Resolution for Proposition 68 Per Capita Grant Funds to utilize towards the Clara Street Expansion Park Project
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to approve a Resolution to file applications for grant funds from the Los Angeles County regional park and open space district for Per Capita funding to go towards the renovation of Expansion Park.

D. Adoption of Proposed Resolution No. 22-07 Proclaiming a Local Emergency, Ratifying the Proclamation of a State of Emergency by Governor Newsom on March 4, 2020, and Re-Authorizing Remote Teleconference Meetings of the City Council, City Boards, and all Commissions of the City of Cudahy, for the Period from February 15, 2022, through March 17, 2022, Pursuant to Brown Act Provisions Recommendation: The City Council is requested to approve proposed Resolution No. 22-07 proclaiming a local emergency, ratifying the proclamation of a State of Emergency by Governor Newsom on March 4, 2020, and re-authorizing remote teleconference

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City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 2/15/22 Page 5 of 8 meetings of the City Council, City Boards, and all Commissions of the City of Cudahy, for the period from February 15, 2022, through March 17, 2022, pursuant to Ralph M. Brown Act provisions.

E. Adoption of Resolution No. 22-08 Authorizing Submittal of Application for SB 1383 Local Assistance Grant Program
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to adopt Resolution No. 22-08 Authorizing Submittal of Application for Senate Bill 1383 (SB 1383) Local Assistance Grant Program.

Motion: Vice Mayor Gonzalez motioned to approve Consent Calendar, seconded by Council Member Lozoya. Motion passed 5-0 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Guerrero, Lozoya, Lomelí, Gonzalez, and Alcantar
NOES: None
ABSENT: None
ABSTAIN: None
A. Consideration to Review and Approve the Draft Minutes of February 1, 2022, for the Regular Meeting of the City Council and the Joint Meeting of the City of Cudahy as Successor Agency and Housing Successor Agency to the Cudahy Development Commission
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to review and approve the City Council / Successor Agency Draft Minutes for February 1, 2022.

Motion: Vice Mayor Gonzalez motioned to review and approve the City Council / Successor Agency Draft Minutes for February 1, 2022, seconded by Council Member Lomelí. Motion passed 4-0 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Lozoya, Lomelí, Gonzalez, and Alcantar
NOES: None
ABSENT: None
ABSTAIN: Guerrero
C. Adoption of Ordinance No. 717 - First Amendment to Development Agreement No.

DA 20-01 re: construction of a Mixed-Use Senior Housing Development for the property located at 4610 Santa Ana Street (APN 6224-019-901) Presented by the Interim Community Development Director Recommendation: The City Council is requested to adopt on Second Reading:

Ordinance No. 717 - First Amendment to Development Agreement No. 20-01 (“Agreement”) entitled “First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement” for the Senior Mixed Use Development Project.

Motion: Vice Mayor Gonzalez motioned to adopt on Second Reading: Ordinance No. 717 - First Amendment to Development Agreement No. 20-01 (“Agreement”) entitled

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City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 2/15/22 Page 6 of 8 “First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement” for the Senior Mixed Use Development Project and staff to provide quarterly updates to the City Council as the project progresses, seconded by Council Member Lomelí. Motion passed 4-1 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Lozoya, Lomelí, Gonzalez, and Alcantar
NOES: Guerrero
ABSENT: None
ABSTAIN: None

15. PUBLIC HEARING
A. A Public Hearing to Consider and Adopt Resolution No. 22-09 of the City of Cudahy City Council Approving Substantial Amendment No. 1 to the Fiscal Year 2021-2022 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)
Presented by the Management Analyst
Recommendation: City Council is requested to Adopt Resolution No. 22-09, approving Substantial Amendment No. 1 to the Fiscal Year 2021-2022 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG).

Mayor Alcantar opened public comment.

Public Comments:

Susie thanked staff for increasing the rehab program for the single housing, hopes the small business support program is benefiting small businesses, commented on the emergency rental assistance program wants to know whether it is the same as the State’s program and if the process for that program can have a smoother process.

Mayor Alcantar closed public comment.

Motion: Vice Mayor Gonzalez motioned adopt Resolution No. 22-09, approving Substantial Amendment No. 1 to the Fiscal Year 2021-2022 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), seconded by Mayor Alcantar. Motion passed 3-1 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Lomelí, Gonzalez, and Alcantar
NOES: Guerrero
ABSENT: None
ABSTAIN: Lozoya
B. General Plan Amendment 21-01 - City of Cudahy 6th Cycle Housing Element Update – Citywide
Presented by the Interim Community Development Manager

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City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 2/15/22 Page 7 of 8 Recommendation: City Staff recommends that the City Council of the City of Cudahy (the “City”):

1. Open the public hearing

2. Receive public comments

3. Approve on First Reading, Ordinance 718 approving General Plan Amendment 21-01, adopting the 2021 - 2029 6th Cycle Housing Element, and approving the Addendum to Cudahy General Plan 2040 EIR (SCH#2017071071) for the draft Housing Element Update.

Mayor Alcantar opened public comment.

Public Comments:

Susie commented on the number of housings the City needs to meet and mentioned being a dense city with not having enough parking for additional units.

Mayor Alcantar closed public comment.

Motion: Mayor Alcantar motioned to approve on First Reading, Ordinance 718 approving General Plan Amendment 21-01, adopting the 2021 - 2029 6th Cycle Housing Element, and approving the Addendum to Cudahy General Plan 2040 EIR (SCH#2017071071) for the draft Housing Element Update, seconded by Vice Mayor Gonzalez. Motion passed 3- 2 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Lomelí, Gonzalez, and Alcantar
NOES: Lozoya, Guerrero
ABSENT: None
ABSTAIN: None

16. BUSINESS SESSION
A. City Council consideration of Third Amendment to the Exclusive Negotiating Agreements by and between the City of Cudahy and Camerra Capital for the LongRange Property Management Plan Site 1 and GloGreen, LLC for the Long-Range Property Management Plan Site 6
Presented by the City Attorney
Recommendation: The City Council is recommended to approve the proposed third amendment to the Exclusive Negotiation Agreements by and between the City of Cudahy and Camerra Capital for Site 1 and GloGreen, LLC for Site 6.

Vice Mayor Gonzalez motioned *to approve the proposed third amendment to the Exclusive Negotiation Agreements by and between the City of Cudahy and Camerra Capital for Site 1 and GloGreen, LLC for Site 6, seconded by Council Member Lozoya.

Motion passed 4-1 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Lozoya, Lomelí, Gonzalez, and Alcantar
NOES: Guerrero

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City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 2/15/22 Page 8 of 8 ABSENT: None
ABSTAIN: None
B. Midyear Budget Review of City of Cudahy’s Fiscal Year 2021-2022 Presented by the Acting Finance Director
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to receive and file the Fiscal Year (FY) 2021-2022 Mid-Year Budget review and related reports.

Midyear Budget Review was received and filed.

17. COUNCIL DISCUSSION – NONE

18. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Alcantar motioned to adjourn the City Council / Agency meeting at 9:44 p.m., seconded by Council Member Lozoya. Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Lozoya, Lomelí, Gonzalez and Alcantar
NOES: None
ABSENT: Guerrero
ABSTAIN: None

Elizabeth Alcantar
Mayor
ATTEST:

Richard Iglesias
City Clerk

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Attachment
B

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Staff Report
03/01/2022 Page 1 of
10 STAFF REPORT
Date: March 1, 2022
To: Honorable Mayor/Chair and City Council/Agency Members From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager
Salvador Lopez Jr., Interim Community Development Director Gabriel Elliott, Project Manager, HE Update
Subject: Adoption of Ordinance No. 718 - General Plan Amendment 21-01 – City of Cudahy 6th Cycle Housing Element Update – Citywide

RECOMMENDATION
The City Council is requested to:

BACKGROUND/ANALYSIS
At the February 15, 2022 City Council Meeting, the City Council considered the request, opened the public hearing, received public testimony, and adopted on first reading Ordinance No. 718, by a vote of 3 to 2.

This City Council meeting constitutes the city’s last action to approve the draft 6th Cycle Housing Element before resubmittal to the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) for review and certification. The draft document was submitted to the HCD in October for review and returned to the City in December with comments. Responses to HCD’s comments as well of comments provided by the Planning Commission and City Council will be forwarded to the HCD for review prior to certification.

General Plan Consistency
The Housing Element and the Update is required to be consistent with the City’s General Plan.

The purpose of the Housing Element is to ensure that policies, procedures, and incentives are established in a local agency’s land use planning and economic development activities that will result in the maintenance and expansion of the housing supply to accommodate current and future households in the City. The Housing Element institutes policies that guide a City’s decision making and establishes action programs to implement future housing goals.

Item Number
14C

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10 Environmental Analysis
The Project has been environmentally reviewed pursuant to the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (Public Resources Code Sections 21000, et seq. (CEQA)), the State CEQA Guidelines (California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Sections 15000, et seq.), the requested entitlements have been noticed and posted according to CEQA project guidelines.

Cudahy has prepared an Addendum to the Cudahy General Plan 2040 EIR for the Housing Element Update which is a policy level document that is consistent with existing City of Cudahy’s General Plan land use designation and densities. Although the proposed project is intended to encourage and facilitate the development of housing through the 2021-2029 planning period, specific future projects are subject to regulation of the General Plan, performance standards and permitting processes of the City’s Municipal Code, including the Planning and Zoning regulations, CEQA review of each proposed project, and all mitigation measures contained in applicable CEQA documents. Furthermore, although the Housing Element Update includes programs that commit the City to future amendments to the Planning and Zoning regulations, these future amendments are currently conceptual in nature. Evaluation of impacts at this time is too speculative so the City is preparing an Addendum to the Cudahy 2040 General Plan EIR to support its findings. All potential future amendments to the Planning and Zoning regulations will undergo separate CEQA reviews at the time of the zoning code amendments are defined.

ATTACHMENTS

1. Ordinance No. 718

2. February 15, 2022, City Council Meeting Agenda Report

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Ordinance No. 718 1
ORDINANCE NO. 718

AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
CUDAHY APPROVING GENERAL PLAN AMENDMENT 21-
01, THE 2021- 2029 6th CYCLE HOUSING ELEMENT, AND

APPROVING AN ADDENDUM TO THE CUDAHY
GENERAL PLAN 2040 EIR (SCH#2017071071) FOR THE
DRAFT HOUSING ELEMENT.

WHEREAS, California Government Code Sections 65580-65589.9 require cities to prepare a Housing Element as a component of each city’s General Plan and to revise it regularly on a schedule set forth in the law; and
WHEREAS, the Planning Department initiated an amendment to the Housing Element of the General Plan and prepared proposed revisions to the Housing Element for the 2021-2029 planning Period (6th Cycle Housing Element (2021-2029)), which replaces the Housing Element that was last adopted in 2013 (5th Cycle) and updated in 2018 as part of the General Plan 2040 Update; and
WHEREAS, the 6th Cycle Housing Element (2021-2029) sets forth the housing policies for the City, facilitated the preservation and development of housing, and established programs to accommodate the City’s share of the regional housing need in Southern California; and WHEREAS, the City of Cudahy has been assigned an allocation of 393 new housing units as its share of the 6th cycle of the RHNA in Southern California compared to the 318 housing units as its share of the 5th cycle of the regional housing need assessment (RHNA), and;
WHEREAS, the Planning Commission of the City of Cudahy held a public hearing on the proposed 2021 Draft Housing Element on January 24, 2022 and recommended approval of the project and the addendum to General Plan 2040 Environmental Impact Report (EIR); and WHEREAS, this matter was duly posted and set for public hearing for the February 15, 2022 City Council meeting at 6:00 P.M. consistent with the City of Cudahy’s Zoning Ordinance procedures for General Plan Amendments, and the addendum.

NOW THEREFORE, the City Council of the City of Cudahy hereby resolves:

SECTION 1. Government Code Section 65583 states that a Housing Element is a mandatory element of the General Plan and shall consist of an identification and analysis of existing and projected housing needs and a statement of goals, policies, quantified objective, financial resources, and schedule of programs for the preservation, improvement, and development of housing.

SECTION 2. The proposed General Plan Amendment is necessary to update the Housing Element to reflect the adequate sites for housing, including rental housing, factory-built housing, and mobile homes, and shall make adequate provisions for the existing and projected needs of all economic segments of the community.

Attachment 1 Page 37 of 286
Ordinance No. 718 2
SECTION 3. The City has submitted the proposed housing element to other public agencies for review as follows:
a. The draft housing element was submitted to the state Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) for review on October 15, 2021, pursuant to Government Code Section 65585 (b). HCD’s comments on the draft were received by the city in the form of a letter dated December 13, 2021. City staff reviewed those comments, and the draft housing element has been amended in response to those comments.
b. The Planning Commission held a duly noticed public hearing on the draft Housing Element of January 24, 2022, and recommended approval of the draft Housing Element and the GPEIR Addendum to the City Council.

SECTION 4. The City of Cudahy, in accordance with Section 65351 of the California Government Code, facilitated public participation in the preparation of the draft housing element by conducting Town Hall meetings in August 2021, noticed public hearings before the Planning Commission on January 24, 2022, and, the City Council on February 15, 2022. These meetings were publicized by the provision of legally required publication. The City Council and the Planning Commission received and considered written and oral evidence at each of the public hearings on the proposed draft housing element.

SECTION 5. The City Council has reviewed the Housing Element Guidelines adopted by HCD pursuant to Section 50459 of the Health and Safety Code and finds that the housing goals, objectives, and policies stated in the revised Housing Element are appropriate for the City of Cudahy and will contribute to the attainment of the state’s housing goals. The City Council further finds that the adoption of the revised Housing Element will aid the City’s efforts in the development of housing for all members of the community and that the Housing Element reflects the requirements of Government Code Section 65583 (b). The revised Housing Element has been amended to reflect the comments of the State Department of Housing and Community Development.

SECTION 6. The City Council, after considering the comments of the HCD to the 2021 Draft Housing Element, the Planning Commission’s recommendation, staff recommendations, public testimony, correspondence, and reports thereon, makes the following findings:
a. The housing element update is consistent with all elements of the General Plan. b. The update will promote health, safety, and welfare by: preserving housing that is affordable to extremely low, very low, and low- and moderate income households; encouraging variety in housing types, sizes, costs, and tenure; establishing programs to ensure that most new development incorporates affordable housing; establishing incentives to encourage and help defray the costs of affordable housing development; affirmatively furthering fair housing opportunities; and by setting quantified objectives for housing production, rehabilitation, preservation and conservation. c. Consistent with provisions of California Government Code Section 65583 (b), the City of Cudahy ha evaluated its ability to accommodate its RHNA number by 2021 and has adopted quantified objectives that reach the RHNA allocation within the planning period.

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Ordinance No. 718 3
SECTION 7. The Project has been environmentally reviewed pursuant to the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (Public Resources Code Sections 21000, et seq. (CEQA)), the State CEQA Guidelines (California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Sections 15000, et seq.), the requested entitlements have been noticed and posted according to CEQA project guidelines.

Cudahy has prepared an addendum to the Cudahy 2040 General Plan EIR for the Housing Element Update which is a policy level document that is consistent with existing City of Cudahy’s General Plan land use designation and densities. Although the proposed project is intended to encourage and facilitate the development of housing through the 2021-2029 planning period, specific future projects are subject to regulation of the General Plan, performance standards and permitting processes of the City’s Municipal Code, including the Planning and Zoning regulations, CEQA review of each proposed project, and all mitigation measures contained in applicable CEQA documents. Furthermore, although the Housing Element Update includes programs that commit the City to future amendments to the Planning and Zoning regulations, these future amendments are currently conceptual in nature. These potential future amendments to the Planning and Zoning regulations will undergo separate CEQA reviews at the time of the zoning code amendments are defined.

SECTION 8. Now, therefore, be it resolved, that the City Council adopt the 2021 Housing Element (2021-2029) to replace the 2013 Housing Element and 2018 Housing Element Update of the General Plan and approves the associated addendum to the Cudahy 2040 General Plan EIR (SCH#2017071071).

PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED THIS 1ST DAY OF MARCH 2022.

Mayor
ATTEST:

City Clerk

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Ordinance No. 718 4

CERTIFICATION

STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES ) SS:

CITY OF CUDAHY )
I, Richard Iglesias, City Clerk of the City of Cudahy, hereby certify that the foregoing Ordinance No. 718 was introduced for a first reading on the 15th day of February, 2022 and approved for a second reading and adopted by said Council at its regular meeting held on the _____ day of _______, 2022 by the following vote, to-wit:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT:

Richard Iglesias
City Clerk

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Staff Report
02/15/2022 Page 1 of 10

STAFF REPORT
Date: February 15, 2022
To: Honorable Mayor/Chair and City Council/Agency Members From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager
Salvador Lopez Jr., Interim Community Development Director Gabriel Elliott, Project Manager, HE Update
Subject: General Plan Amendment 21-01 - City of Cudahy 6th Cycle Housing Element Update – Citywide

RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the City Council of the City of Cudahy (the “City”):

1. Open the public hearing;

2. Receive public comments; and

INTRODUCTION
Planning Commission Action
At the Planning Commission meeting of January 24, 2022, the Planning Commission, by a vote of 3 to 1 (Commissioner Corvera-Hernandez abstaining) approved PC Resolution 22-01, recommending approval of General Plan Amendment GPA 21-01 to the City Council. Among other things, the Planning Commission commented that Cudahy, a built-out community, cannot meet the designated housing units allocated to it through the Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA).

For RHNA, the city is required to provide 393 total housing units broken down into 80 very lowincome units, 36 low-income units, 53 moderate income units, and 224 above moderateincome units. The RHNA allocation for the 6th Cycle is from 2021 to 2029.

Item Number
15B
Attachment 2 Page 41 of 286
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02/15/2022 Page 2 of 10
This City Council meeting constitutes the city’s last action to approve the draft 6th Cycle Housing Element before resubmittal to the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) for review and certification. The draft document was submitted to the HCD in October for review and returned to the City in December with comments. Responses to HCD’s comments as well of comments provided by the Planning Commission and City Council will be forwarded to the HCD for review prior to certification.

BACKGROUND
Since 1969, the State of California has required that all local governments (cities and counties) adequately plan to meet the housing needs of everyone in their communities. California’s local governments meet this requirement by adopting housing plans as part of their “General Plan” (also required by the state).

The General plans serve as the local government’s "blueprint" for how the city and/or county will grow and develop and include the following seven elements: land use, transportation, conservation, noise, open space, safety, and housing. The law mandating that housing is included as an element of each jurisdiction’s General Plan is known as “Housing- Element Law.”

ANALYSIS
The City’s current Housing Element, which was certified by the State’s Department of Housing and Community Development as meeting state Housing Laws, expired on October 15, 2021.

The California Housing Element Law requires updates to Housing Elements under the Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) cycles based on regional council of governments/jurisdictions.

This Draft Housing Element has been prepared to respond to current and near-term future housing needs in Cudahy. It contains updated information and strategic direction, including policies and specific programs, that the City is committed to undertaking to address its RHNA.

It retains many of the successful policies and programs of the 2013 Housing Element and the 2018 Housing Element update.

Assembly Bill 686 (AB 686)
This Housing Element Update is prepared pursuant to the requirements of AB 686, which requires all Housing Elements to address measures taken to address fair housing. Specifically, the obligation of affirmatively furthering fair housing was extended to all public agencies in the State of California as of January 1, 2019.

Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing means taking meaningful actions to combat discrimination that overcome patterns of segregation and foster inclusive communities free from barriers that restrict access to opportunity based on protected characteristics.

The 6th Cycle Housing Element analysis must address the following:

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1. Significant discrepancies in housing needs and in access to opportunities.

2. Replacing segregated living patterns with truly integrated and balances living patters.

3. Transforming racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAP) into areas of opportunity.

4. Fostering and maintaining compliance with civil rights and fair housing laws.

Housing Element Structure and Findings
This Housing Element has been prepared in accordance with State Law and is divided into 8 sections including: Introduction, Housing Needs Analysis, Regional Housing Needs and Special Needs, Land Inventory, Resources and Constraints, Evaluation of Previous Housing Element, Housing Goals, Policies, Programs and Quantified Objectives, and Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing. Some notable updates contained in the draft include:
o Population and Demographics
o Employment Characteristics
o Household Characteristics
o Housing Stock
o Housing Cost and Affordability
o Rent vs. Own
o Housing Need Assessment
o Overcrowding and Overpayment
o “At Risk” Housing
o Opportunities for Energy Conservation
o Regional Housing Needs Allocation
o Special Housing Needs
o Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
- Land Inventory:
o Assesses the housing development potential in Cudahy. Determines the quantity of land available on suitable sites to accommodate the City’s RHNA. - Resources and Constraints:
o Identifies resources that are available to the City to meet its quantified objectives for housing, especially new construction for affordable housing; as well as government and market constraints that might hinder housing development.

Identifies programs to remove and/or mitigate constraints, and analyses for lowand moderate-income housing assistance from state and federal sources. - Evaluation of Previous Housing Element:
o Reviews the City’s accomplishments under the 2013 Housing Element, and the 2018 update, particularly the City’s progress towards meeting its Regional Housing Needs Assessment goals.

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- Housing Goals, Policies, Programs, and Quantified Objectives:
o Lists updated housing goals, policies, and implementing programs for the City of Cudahy, responding to the assessment of the 2013 Housing Element and the 2018 update, as well as key issues, trends, opportunities, and constraints outlined in the Housing Needs Analysis and the assessment of Resources and Constrains.

Assessment Based Findings
Housing Needs Analysis:
- According to the 2020 United States Census, Cudahy has a 2020 total population of 22,811 persons, which is a decrease from the 2010 census figure of 23,805. - Cudahy is predominately Hispanic/Latino community representing 95.2% of the City’s residents.
- Cudahy has a low educational attainment with 42.7% of its residents having less than a high school education.
- According to data from the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), Cudahy’s current household size of 5 persons per household, is 32% higher than the State average persons per household. In addition, the City’s housing stock is getting older; well over half (57.4%) of the City’s housing stock was built prior to 1960, therefore, housing supply, in conjunction with affordability, may contribute to the growing household size. - According to the latest California Department of Finance the housing makeup in Cudahy is as follows; 37 percent single detached units, 22.8 percent single attached units, 5.6 percent 2-4 units, 27.3 percent 5 or more units, and 7.3% mobile home units. - Cudahy’s population is 49.7% male and 50.3% female. The 31.5% share of the population which is under 18 years of age is higher than the regional share of 23.4%. Cudahy's seniors (65 and above) make up 6.9% of the population, which is lower than the regional share of 13%.
- Of Cudahy's 5,601 total households, 24.5% are female-headed (compared to 14.3% in the SCAG region), 15.8% are female-headed and with children (compared to 6.6% in the SCAG region), and 1.4% are female-headed and with children under 6 (compared to 1.0% in the SCAG region).
- 22.7 percent of Cudahy’s households are experiencing poverty, compared to 7.9 percent of households in the SCAG region. Poverty thresholds, as defined by the ACS, vary by household type. In 2018, a single individual under 65 years was considered in poverty with a money income below $13,064/year while the threshold for a family consisting of 2 adults and 2 children was $25,465/year.

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- 7.9% of the City’s population were under 5 years of age. A total of 30.7% were between 5 years and 19 years of age. Working aged adults between the ages of 20 and 64 totaled 12,779 persons which represented 52.8%. Households with children, especially those with working parents or single heads of households, create a need for quality, affordable early care, and education services.
- Cudahy has 10,146 workers living within its borders who work across 13 major industrial sectors. The most prevalent industry is manufacturing with 1,773 employees (17.5% of total) and the second most prevalent industry is Education & Social Services with 1,613 employees (15.9% of total).
- There are 5,780 housing units in Cudahy. This number is an increase of 10 units (5770) over the 2010 number. Of this total, 2,127 units (36.8%) were single detached units, 1,313 units (23.1%) were single attached units, 326 units (5.6%) were 2-4 units, and 1,574 units (27.3%) were 5 or more units. In addition, a significant number of households live in mobile home parks. A total of 420 units (7.3%) are mobile home units. - Cudahy is primarily a residential community, with most of the city zoned residential with varying maximum densities. These designations are:
 Low Density Residential Zone (LDR) - 15 du/acre
 Medium Density Residential (MDR) – 25 du/acre
 High Density Residential (HDR) – 40 du/acre
- There is a large number of mobile home parks in the city, which the city is committed to improve and maintain with continued partnership with the State. - The city spans just over 1 square mile with a population density of 19,729 people per square mile.
- Cudahy is 10th in the Nation, and 2nd in California as the most densely populated city. - The average household income in Cudahy is $55,752 with a poverty rate 26.16%. The median rental cost is $1,306 per month, and median house value $420,700. - According to the 2020 United States Census, Cudahy has a 2020 total population of 22,811 persons, which is a decrease from the 2010 census figure of 23,805 persons. The population growth estimate for the city by the State Department of Finance was 24,172.

Regional Housing Needs Assessment and Special Needs:

The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) has identified a total of 393 housing units for Cudahy’s Regional Housing Needs Assessment. The units are broken down as follows: 80 very low-income units, 36 low-income units, 53 moderate income units, and 224 above moderate-income units.

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- According to the 2020 Census data prepared by SCAG, of the City's 5,690 households in 2020, 2,879 households were considered low-income.
- Female-headed households accounted for 24.5% (1,372 households) of the city's total number of households in 2020.
- Of the occupied housing units in the city identified in the 2020 Census, 1,428 units were identified as being overcrowded (25.3% of the City’s total number of occupied units) and 534 units (9.5% of the total occupied units in the city) were identified as being severely overcrowded.
- Between 2015 and 2021, a total 119 housing units were constructed in Cudahy, including11 housing units constructed in 2021. The most prevalent housing type were apartments (54 units built in 2018 and 2019).
- Because HCD found that the city did not make adequate sites available to accommodate the RHNA in the previous planning period, Government Code Section 65584.09 requires the identification or, if necessary, rezoning of sites to address the unaccommodated lower-income RHNA from the previous planning period. The City of Cudahy must carry over 154 lower-income units from the 2013-2021 RHNA.

Land Inventory:
- The inventory of vacant residential and mixed-use land in Cudahy totals 6.8 acres. Most vacant sites identified in the inventory allow densities above 20 units per acre and are credited towards the lower-income RHNA. These vacant properties have the potential to yield 113 units, 92 of which can facilitate lower-income housing, as defined by state law. - The inventory of underutilized residential land in Cudahy totals 17.7 acres. Most underutilized sites identified in the inventory allow densities above 20 units per acre and are credited towards the lower-income RHNA. These properties have the potential to yield 343 units, 338 of which can facilitate lower-income housing, as defined by state law. - The sites inventory for the 2013 and 2021 RHNA planning periods indicates a capacity for 710 units, 684 (96 percent) of which occur on sites suitable for development of lowerincome housing. Overall, Cudahy can adequately accommodate and exceed the previous (2008-2013) and current (2013-2023) RHNA.

Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
As stated earlier, as of January 1, 2019, AB 686 extends the obligation to affirmatively further fair housing to all public agencies in the State of California. Affirmatively furthering fair housing means taking meaningful actions to combat discrimination that overcome patterns of segregation and foster inclusive communities free from barriers that restrict access to

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opportunity based on protected characteristics. The Bill added an assessment of fair housing to the Housing Element which includes the following components:
(1) a summary of fair housing issues and assessment of the City’s fair housing enforcement and outreach capacity,
(2) an analysis of segregation patterns and disparities in access to opportunities, (3) an assessment of contributing factors, and
(4) an identification of fair housing goals and actions.

This Housing Element analysis, therefore, must address the following:
(1) Significant discrepancies in housing needs and in access to opportunities, (2) Replacing segregated living patterns with truly integrated and balanced living patterns, (3) Transforming racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAP) into areas of opportunity,
(4) Fostering and maintaining compliance with civil rights and fair housing laws.

Major Findings:
- In the State of California, there are approximately 1.2 million households living in public housing units, managed by about 3,300 housing agencies (HAs.). In the County of Los Angeles, the Los Angeles County Development Authority manages public housing programs for the City of Cudahy and some of the Gateway Cities. There are no recognized public housing buildings in the City of Cudahy.
- There are six Census Tracts in the City of Cudahy, namely: 6037534401, 6037534302, 60375344403, 6037534404, 6037534405, and 6037534406. In all the census tracts, there were 168 Housing Choice vouchers reported.
- Between 2013 and 2021, there was one (1) Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity inquiry in the City of Cudahy. In 2010, the number of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity inquiries in Los Angeles County was 291. 80 of those cases, or 25% were with a racial bias, 106 of the cases or 36.4% had a disability bias. 58 of the cases, or 20% had a familial status bias.

In 2020, there were 130 total cases reported. 27, or 20.7% of the cases had a racial bias, 86, or 66% had a disability bias, and 9, or 7% had a familial status bias. - In the City of Cudahy, the predominant racial or ethnic group is Hispanic or Latino, comprising of over 96% of the population. The while population percentage (%) was

1.47% and the black population percentage (%) was 1.28%. - Most of the city is reported to be within the 21% to 30% below poverty level range. This indicates that for most of the city, 21% to 30% of residents live below the poverty level, and 70% to 89% live above the poverty level compared to the region.

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- Most of the city of Cudahy is within the less than $55,000.00 median household income bracket.
- The city’s six census tracts fall within three environmental scores namely 0.01 to 0.25,

0.26 to 0.50, and 0.51 to 0.73. The Environmental Score in an indication of general environmental well-being based on exposure to the 12 exposure indicators identified above. The higher the score, the lower the environmental health of the community. With the city of Cudahy having an environmental score of 0.51 to 0.73 in some of its census tracts, those census tracts are considered less healthy than the SCAG region and the state. - There are three distinct education score categories encompassing the city’s six census tracts. They are the 0.01 to 0.25 Educational Score Domain, the 0.25 to 0.50 Educational Score Domain, and the 0.51 to 0.73 Education Score Domain. Compared to the State, most of the Census Tracts in the City of Cudahy score less than the state. The Education Score Domain is an indication of educational achievement and potential, with the higher score indicating more educational accomplishment and, therefore, success. - All of the City of Cudahy is in highest category of overcrowded households. This narrative is consistent with the analysis in prior sections of this document that identify the city as densely populated, and with a high number of household members. Based on Map

8.2726, the percentage of overcrowded households in the city is in the 20.0001% – 100% range. This is highest category in the SCAG region. Some of the reasons for overcrowding of households have been identified as cultural, social, and economic. There are several policy implications for the city, which include the need for the provision of more affordable housing, and the relaxation of some of the city’s regulations regarding garage conversions, SROs, and other housing assistance programs for the different economic strata of the city.
- The city is in the 0% to 20% non-white population category, which supports the predominantly Latino/Hispanic character of the city’s population. - The city’s six census tracts fall within three environmental scores namely 0.01 to 0.25,

0.26 to 0.50, and 0.51 to 0.73. The Environmental Score in an indication of general environmental well-being based on exposure to 12 exposure indicators. The higher the score, the lower the environmental health of the community. With the city of Cudahy having an environmental score of 0.51 to 0.73 in some of its census tracts, those census tracts are considered less healthy than the SCAG region and the state. - The City of Cudahy is in highest category of overcrowded households. This narrative is consistent with the analysis in prior sections of this document that identify the city as densely populated, and with a high number of household members. The percentage of overcrowded households in the city is in the 20.0001% – 100% range. This is highest category in the SCAG region. Some of the reasons for overcrowding of households have been identified as cultural, social, and economic. There are several policy implications for the city, which include the need for the provision of more affordable housing, and the

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relaxation of some of the city’s regulations regarding garage conversions, SROs, and other housing assistance programs for the different economic strata of the city. - Homeowners in two of the city’s six census tracts paid between 61% to 80% of their income on mortgages, and four of the six census tracts paid between 41% to 60% of their income on mortgages. These percentages are high especially since the recommended guidelines for the payment of mortgages is between 25% to 33% of household income.

The policy implications for the city would include ensuring that more housing units are built for all economic segments of the city including very low, low, moderate, and above moderate-income households.
- Most of the renters in the city of Cudahy pay between 81% to 100% of their income on rent, while the renters in one census tract pay between 41% to 60% of their income on rent. This indicates that the city is almost not affordable for renters in the city either due to insufficient income or high rent. The city of Cudahy does not have rent control, but the cost of rental housing can be reduced through the provision of more housing in all economic categories.
- The city of Cudahy is in the vulnerable category of sensitive communities indicating that most of the city is prone to gentrification. Social vulnerability refers to the potential negative effects on communities caused by external stresses on human health. Such stresses include natural or human-caused disasters, or disease outbreaks. Reducing social vulnerability can decrease both human suffering and economic loss. - The city of Cudahy is in an area of high segregation and poverty. - The city of Cudahy is within the 71% to 100% percentile of the CalEnviroScreen 4.0, score.

Two of the city’s census tracts are within the 71% to 80% percentile, while four of the census tracts are within the 91% to 100% percentile. The higher the percentile scores, the more a community is vulnerable to the potential effects of pollution. - Cudahy is classified as a disadvantaged community. What this means for the City of Cudahy is that in the areas of environmental and social justice, a history of unfair treatment of communities, predominantly communities of people of color and/or lowincome residents can be remedied. Disadvantaged communities in California are specifically targeted for investment of proceeds from the State’s cap-and-trade program.

These investments are aimed at improving public health, quality of life and economic opportunity in California’s most burdened communities at the same time reducing pollution that causes climate change.
- One of the mandates of AB 686, Affirmatively furthering Fair Housing is to identify and transform racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAP) into areas of opportunity. It appears that the city needs to set achievable goals designed to transform all its census tracts into areas of opportunities.

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- The city of Cudahy with a Healthy Places Index score of 0% to 20%. The higher the HPI score, the healthier a community is. This means that the city of Cudahy is one of the unhealthy communities, based on the HPI index, in the county of Los Angeles and the SCAG region.

General Plan Consistency
As stated earlier, the Housing Element and the Update is required to be consistent with the City’s General Plan. The Housing Element is one of the mandatory elements of a City’s General Plan, and is, therefore, required to be consistent with the General Plan. The purpose of the Housing Element is to ensure that policies, procedures, and incentives are established in a local agency’s land use planning and economic development activities that will result in the maintenance and expansion of the housing supply to accommodate current and future households in the City. The Housing Element institutes policies that guide a City’s decision making and establishes action programs to implement future housing goals.

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
The Project has been environmentally reviewed pursuant to the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (Public Resources Code Sections 21000, et seq. (CEQA)), the State CEQA Guidelines (California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Sections 15000, et seq.), the requested entitlements have been noticed and posted according to CEQA project guidelines.

Evaluation of impacts at this time is too speculative so the City is preparing an Addendum to the Cudahy 2040 General Plan EIR to support its findings. All potential future amendments to the Planning and Zoning regulations will undergo separate CEQA reviews at the time of the zoning code amendments are defined.

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
California Government Code requires that local governments make a diligent effort to achieve public participation from all economic segments of the community in the development of the Housing Element. In the preparation of the Housing Element Update, all organizations and agencies that provide housing or housing related services, and stakeholders, will be contacted, and meetings will be held, as necessary to address comments, issues, or concerns. For this

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Housing Element Update cycle, the City has planned community engagement activities to allow for public input to determine issues and areas of concern to the members of the public, community groups, and community stake holders. To facilitate this process, the City has prepared, and will soon publish surveys in three languages, English, Spanish. The results of the survey will further assist in shaping housing policies in the City now and in the future.

FISCAL IMPACT
The Housing Element Update was prepared by a consulting firm hired through the city’s RFP process. The city received a grant for the preparation of the Housing Element Update and would, therefore, not incur any costs with the preparation of the document and no impact on the city’s budget.

ATTACHMENTS
A. Draft 6th Cycle Housing Element (January 2021).

B. Addendum to the Cudahy 2040 General Plan EIR (6th Cycle Housing Element Update) C. Ordinance 718

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CITY OF CUDAHY
6TH CYCLE HOUSING ELEMENT
UPDATE

CITY OF CUDAHY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
5220 SANTA ANA STREET
CUDAHY, CA 90201
323.773.5143
www.cityofcudahy.com
JANUARY 2022
Attachment A

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HOUSING ELEMENT
Amended March 20, 2018
6 th Cycle Draft Amendment, October 2021
Cudahy City Council Resolution No. 18-07
Cudahy City Council Resolution No. 22-01
CITY COUNCIL (2022)
Jose R. Gonzalez, Mayor
Elizabeth Alcantara, Vice Mayor
Daisy Lomeli, Councilmember
Jack M. Guerrero, Councilmember
Blanca Lazoya, Councilmember
PLANNING COMMISSION (2022)
Richard Corvera-Hernandez, Commissioner
Patricia Covarrubias, Commissioner
Gilbert Cuevas, Commissioner
Gustavo Mendez, Commissioner
City of Cudahy
5220 Santa Ana Street
Cudahy, CA 90201
323.773.5143
www.cityofcudahy.com

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary…………………………….……………………………………………………………………..Page

1. Introduction

1.1 What is a Housing Element?…………………………………………………………………..……...Page

1.2 Frequency of Review and Update…………………………………………………..……………...Page

1.3 Housing Element Contents………………………………………………..…………………………..Page

1.4 Relationship to General Plan Elements…………………………………………..…..………….Page

1.5 Information Sources…………………………………………………………….…………………………Page

1.6 Public Outreach…………………………………………………………………………..……….………..Page

1.7 Reviews by State HCD …………………………………………………………………………………...Page

2. Housing Needs Analysis

2.1 Population and Demographics.……………………………………………………………………...Page Population Trends.…………………………………………………..………………………………Page Race and Ethnicity Characteristics ……………………………..……...……………………Page Age Characteristics.………………………………………………..…………….………………….Page Education Attainment.…………………………………………..…………………………………Page

2.2 Employment Characteristics……………………..………………………………………………….Page Employment and Unemployment…………………………………………………………….Page

2.3 Household Characteristics………………………………………………………..……………...……Page Household Sizes………………………………...…………………………………………………….Page

2.4 Housing Stock……………………………………………………….…………………………………….…Page Housing Types.…………………………………………………………………………………………Page
Housing Age, Condition & Overcrowding………………….…..………………………….Page Housing Tenure, Occupancy and Vacancy……………………………..……...…………Page

2.5 Housing Cost and Affordability…………………………………………………...…………………Page Housing Costs and Affordability……..………………………………………………………Page

2.6 Rent vs. Own……………………………………………………………………………….………………...Page Renter…………………………………………….………………………………………………………..Page
Owner………………………………………………………………………………………………………Page

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2.7 Housing Need Assessment…………………………………………………………………………..…Page Extremely Low-Income Households…………………………………………………………. Page Existing Needs……………………….…………………………………………………………………Page
Projected Needs……………………………………………………………………….………………Page

2.8 Overcrowding and Overpayment……………………………………………………………….…..Page

2.9 “At Risk” Housing…………………………………………………………………………………………..Page Conversion Risk…………………………………………..……………………………………………Page
Federally Assisted “At-Risk” Units…………………………….……………………………..Page Cost of Replacement vs. Preservation……………………………………...………………Page Qualified Entities…………………………………………………………..…………………………Page

2.10 Opportunities for Energy Conservation…………………………….………………………….Page Greenhouse Gas Emissions……………………………………………………….……………..Page Utility Costs……………………………………………….……………………………………………..Page Energy Conservation………………………………….……………………………...…………….Page Citywide Strategies……………………………..…………………………..……………………….Page

3. Regional Housing Needs Assessments and Special Needs

3.1 Regional Housing Needs Allocation, 2021-2029…………………………….…..…………..Page Methodology……………………………………………………………………….…...……………..Page
Cudahy’s ‘Fair Share’ of the Regional Housing Need…………………………..……Page What the Numbers Mean………………………………………………………….……………..Page

3.2 Special Housing Needs…………………………………………………………….....…………………Page Emergency Shelter & Transitional Housing…………………………………….…………Page Homelessness……………………………………………………..……………………………………Page
Persons with Disabilities……………………………………………..…………………..……….Page Households in Need of Reasonable Accommodation……………………..…………Page Developmental Disabilities…………………………………………………….………………..Page Strategies and Programmatic Responses to Meet Need……………………….…..Page Female-Headed Households………………………………………..…………………………..Page Large Family Households………….………………………………………………………………Page Overcrowding…………………………………………………….….…………………..…………….Page
Elderly Households…………………………………………..……………...………………………Page

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Farmworkers…………………………………………………..……………….………………………Page

4. Land Inventory

4.1 Housing Inventory…………………………………………….………………………...…………………Page Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA)…………………..…………………………Page Sites Inventory Assumptions………………………………………………….…………………Page Zoning Appropriate to Accommodate Housing for Lower-Income Households…………………………..Page Site Suitability …………………..………………………………………………….…………………Page Sites Inventory and Analysis…………………………………………………..…………………Page Unaccommodated RHNA (4th Cycle, 2008-2013)……………………………………………..Page RHNA (5th Cycle, 2014-2021)…………………………..………………………………………..Page Adequacy of Sites to Meet the RHNA………………………………………………..……..Page

4.2 Environmental and Infrastructure Constraints…………………..…………………………..Page Environmental Setting…………………………………….………………………..……………..Page Noise……………………………………………………………………….……….………………………Page
Geologic and Seismic Hazards………………………………………….……………………….Page Roads……………………………………………………………………………………………………….Page
Assessment of Sewer and Water………………………………………………………………Page

5. Resources and Constraints

5.1 Financing and Subsidy Sources…………………………………………….……………..…………Page Federal Resources…………………………………………………………………………………….Page
Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)……………….………..………………Page

5.2 Government Constraints on Housing Production…………………………………...………Page Governmental Constraints……………………………………………….………………………Page Cudahy General Plan Land Use Policy………………………………………….……………Page Development Code Requirements………………………………….…….………………….Page Processing and Permit Procedures………….………………………….………………..….Page Entitlement fees……………………………………………………………………………………….Page
On-/Off-Site Improvements………………………………………………………………………Page Constraints on Housing for Persons with Disabilities…………………………...……Page Procedure for Ensuring Reasonable Accommodation……………………………….Page

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Development Review Process………………………………………….………...……………Page

5.3 Market Constraints on Housing Development………………………………………………Page Land Costs / Construction Costs……………………………………....………...……………Page Availability of Financing………………………………………………….………………………..Page Housing Crisis………………………………………………………………..………….……………..Page

6. Evaluation of the Prevention Housing Element
Assessment of Goals, Policies, Programs and Quantified Objectives.…….Page

7. Housing Goals, Policies, Programs and Quantified Objectives

7.1 Housing Goals, Policies, and Programs………………………………………………….…….Page Goal H-1: Housing Supply and Mix……………………………………………....………..Page Policies 1.1 - 1.8………………………………...…………….…………………………Page
Goal H-2: Meeting Special Needs………....………………...………………….....……….Page Policies 2.1 – 2.8……………………………………………………………..………….Page
Goal H-3: Maintenance and Rehabilitation……..…………...……………..………..Page Policies 3.1 – 3.10………………………………………………………….….………Page
Goal H-4: Quality Neighborhoods…….………………………………………….…………Page Policies 4.1 – 4.8……………………………………………………………..…….…..Page
Goal H-5: Equal Housing Opportunities………………………………………….……..Page Policies 5.1 – 5.8……………………………………………………………..…..…….Page
Goal H-6: Equal Housing Opportunities………………………………………….……..Page Policies 6.1 – 6.2 …………………………………………………………..…..…….Page
Housing Programs…………………………………………………………………………………Page
Summary of Housing Programs………………………………………………………………..Page

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List of Tables
Table 2-1 Population Trends 1970 - 2010…………………………………………..……………………………Page Table 2-2 Trends in Average Household Size………………………………….………………………………..Page Table 2-3 Race and Ethnicity Characteristics………………………………………………………………...…Page Table 2-4 Age Characteristics of the Population…………………………………….…………………..……Page Table 2-5 Age Group Changes 1980-2010………………………………………………………………………..Page Table 2-6 Types of Housing 2010…………………………………………………………………….....…………..Page Table 2-7 Changes in Housing Types Between 1980-2010………………………………………..….…..Page Table 2-8 Housing Condition Survey 2013…………………………………………………….…………………Page Table 2-9 Age of Housing Stock 2010……………………..……………………………….………………………Page Table 2-10 Overcrowded Units 2011……………………………………………………………….………………Page Table 2-11 HUD Fair Market Rates Los Angeles-Long Beach SMSA……….................………….Page Table 2-12 Housing Need for Extremely Low-Income Households…………………………………..Page Table 2-13 Household Overcrowding………………………………………..………………..…………………..Page Table 2-14 Total Households Overpaying………………..……………………………………..……………….Page Table 2-15 Total Households Severely Overpaying…………………..………………………………………Page Table 2-16 Low-Income Households Overpaying……………………………………………………..………Page Table 2-17 Summary of At-Risk Units………………………………………………………………....…………..Page Table 2-18 Rehabilitation Costs…………………………………………………………………………….…………Page Table 2-19 New Construction/Replacement Costs………………………………………………..…………Page Table 2-20 Organizations………………………………………………………………………………………..……….Page Table 3-1 4
th Cycle RHNA January 2006-June 2014…………..……………………………….…………….Page Table 3-2 5th Cycle RHNA January 2014-October 2021……………………………….……………………Page

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Table 3-4 Estimates Residents with Disabilities 2011…………………..…………………….……………Page Table 3-5 Active Consumers by Age Group……………………………………………………………………...Page Table 3-6 Mental Disabilities by Gender…………………………………………………………………….……Page Table 3-7 Physical Disabilities by Gender…………………………………………………………………………Page Table 3-8 Tenure by Large Families………………………………………………………………………………….Page Table 3-9 Tenure by Elderly Households……………………………………………………………………….…Page Table 4-1 Regional Housing Needs Allocation..……………………..………………………..……………….Page Table 4-2 Sites Inventory Table..………………………………………………………………………………...…..Page Table 4-3 2014-2021 RHNA Sites Capacity (Units)………………………………………….………………..Page Table 4-4 Comparison of Sites Inventory and RHNA .………………………………………….…………..Page Table 5-1 Development Standards…………………………………………………………………………..………Page Table 5-2 Housing Type Permitted by Zoning District……………………………………………………...Page Table 5-3 Timeliness for Permit Procedures………………………………………………………….…………Page Table 5-4 Processing Procedures by Project Type……………………………………………………….……Page Table 5-5 Planning and Development Fee Schedule as of December 14, 1987, Per City Ordinance No. 376…………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….Page Table 7-1 Summary of Programs…………………………………………………………….….………………….Page Table 7-2 Proposed Quantified Objectives for 2013-2021…………………….…….……….………..Page List of Charts
Population Growth 1970-2010…………………………………………………….………………………………….Page Trend of Average Household Size…………………………………………………….………………………………Page Age Groups………………………………………………………………………………………..……...……………………Page Change in Age Groups 1980-2010………………………………...……………………………………..………….Page

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Educational Attainment………………………………………………….…………………………………………….…Page Homelessness…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………..Page List of Maps
Sites Inventory Map…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………...Page

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1. INTRODUCTION
This Housing Element is divided into eight (8) Sections:
• Introduction
• Housing Needs Analysis
• Regional Housing Needs Assessment and Special Needs
• Land Inventory
• Resources and Constraints
• Evaluation of Previous Housing Element
• Housing Goals, Policies, Programs, and Quantified Objectives • Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
The 6th Cycle Housing Element
The 6th Cycle Housing Element for the City of Cudahy is a required element of the City’s General Plan and is, therefore, required to be consistent with the General Plan. The 6th Cycle Housing Element covers the time period from October 15, 2021, to October 15, 2029, and includes extensive background information on community demographics, including population, employment and households, current housing, as well as updated policies, programs, and ‘quantified objectives’ to guide the City’s development through 2029. State Law requires that the Element include the following components:
• An analysis of the City’s population, household, and employment base, and the characteristics of the housing stock.
• A summary of the present and projected housing needs of the City’s households. • A review of potential constraints to meeting the City’s identified housing needs. • An evaluation of opportunities that will further the development of new housing. • A Community Outreach Plan
• A Statement of the Housing Plan to address identified housing needs • An analysis on Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
Also, this is the first Housing Element Cycle to implement the requirements of Assembly Bill 686 (AB 686), Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH). As of January 1, 2019, AB 686 extends the obligation to affirmatively further fair housing to all public agencies in the State of California. Affirmatively furthering fair housing means taking meaningful actions to combat discrimination that overcome patterns of segregation and foster inclusive communities free from barriers that restrict access to opportunity based on protected characteristics.

This Housing Element must address:
(1) Significant discrepancies in housing needs and in access to opportunities, (2) Replacing segregated living patterns with truly integrated and balanced living patterns, (3) Transforming racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAP) into areas of opportunity, (4) Fostering and maintaining compliance with civil rights and fair h housing laws.

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2. HOUSING NEEDS ANALYSIS
This chapter gives an overview of the City’s population and employment growth, household characteristics, and housing characteristics. It also provides an analysis of the housing affordability and a discussion of housing receiving federal, State, or local aid ‘at-risk’ of conversion due to the impeding expiration of assistance. Key findings of this chapter include:

3. REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND SPECIAL NEEDS
The first part of this chapter outlines the Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) process which is maintained by the State. Through this process, each jurisdiction is given a set of numbers presenting housing units for each income level that the jurisdiction must help construct, rehabilitate, or conserve during the housing period from 2021 to 2029. The chapter then describes Cudahy’s share of the regional housing needs, and what has already been achieved in meeting those needs.

4. LAND INVENTORY
This chapter assesses the housing development potential in Cudahy. The purpose is to determine the quantity of land available on suitable sites to accommodate the City’s RHNA. The analysis indicates there are approximately 16.18 acres of vacant or underutilized land that can support 314 -housing units at various income levels.

5. RESOURCES AND CONSTRAINTS
This chapter identifies the resources that are available to the city to meet its quantified objectives for housing, especially new construction for affordable housing; as well as government and market constraints that might hinder housing development and includes a detailed analysis of the current permitting and regulatory process. In those cases where potential governmental constraints are identified, the city has identified programs to remove and/or mitigate those constraints. Also included is an analysis for low- and moderate-income housing assistance from State and federal sources.

6. EVALUATION OF THE PREVIOUS HOUSING ELEMENT
This chapter reviews the City’s accomplishments under the 2013 Housing Element, particularly the city’s progress towards meeting its Regional Housing Needs Assessment goals, and the 2018 update. The analysis found that since 1992, 68 affordable units have been constructed. 142 are considered at-risk. A comprehensive General Plan update was adopted in 2018 as part of the comprehensive General Plan and housing element update.

7. HOUSING GOALS, POLICIES, PROGRAMS, AN QUALTIFIED OBJECTIVES This chapter of the Housing Element lists updated housing goals, policies, and implementing programs for the City of Cudahy, responding to the assessment of the 2013 Housing Element, the 2018 update, as well as key issues, trends, opportunities, and constraints outlined in the Housing Needs Analysis and the assessment of Resources and Constraints.

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The following nine goal areas have been defined in the Housing Element:

Goals
• Housing Element Goal 1: The City of Cudahy will improve the housing supply and the choice of housing opportunities through private investment and, where necessary, through public action and financing.
• Housing Element Goal 2: The City of Cudahy will promote affordable housing and shelter for all economic segments of the community.
• Housing Element Goal 3: The City of Cudahy will support and provide incentives for the maintenance and rehabilitation of the existing housing stock.
• Housing Element Goal 4: The City of Cudahy will encourage development of a viable urban community consistent with orderly growth and environmental conservation to provide suitable living environments, with access to employment, community facilities, and services. • Housing Element Goal 5: The City of Cudahy will promote equal access and opportunity to housing regardless of race, religion, sex, marital status, ancestry, national origin, or color. • Housing Element Goal 6: The City of Cudahy will identify and address significant discrepancies in housing needs and in access to housing opportunities.
• Housing Element Goal 7: The City of Cudahy will identify and replace segregated living patterns with truly integrated and balanced living patterns.
• Housing Element Goal 8: The City of Cudahy will identify and transform racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAP) into areas of opportunity.
• Housing Element Goal 9: The City of Cudahy will foster and maintain compliance with civil rights and fair housing laws.

For each goal, a series of policies are defined, with implementing programs for each policy, as appropriate.

8. AFFIRMATIVELY FURTHERING FAIR HOUSING
This section will address the following:
• Significant discrepancies in housing needs and in access to opportunities. • Replacing segregated living patterns with truly integrated and balanced living patterns. • Transforming racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAP) into areas of opportunity.
• Fostering and maintaining compliance with civil rights and fair housing laws.

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1 Introduction

1.1 WHAT IS A HOUSING ELEMENT?
The Housing Element is one the seven required elements of the General Plan. State Housing Element law, enacted in 1969, mandates that local governments adequately plan to meet the existing and projected housing needs of all segments of the population. It requires that the Housing Element be consistent with all parts of the General Plan and be closely related to the Land Use Element, which specifies land within the jurisdiction that can be utilized for housing development. The law acknowledges that, for the private market to adequately address housing needs and demands, local governments must adopt plans and regulatory systems, which support housing developments. As a result, the successful growth of a community rests largely upon the implementation of local general plans, and in particular, the Housing Element.

The 6
th Cycle Housing Element has a planning period of 8 years. It is programmatic in focus and is required to meet specific requirements set by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD).

The Housing Element of the Cudahy General Plan addresses the housing needs of the city. The primary focus of the Housing Element is to encourage the provision of suitable housing for City residents and to protect the vitality of existing residential neighborhoods. The goals and policies of the Cudahy Housing Element address the following issues:
(a) the promotion of new housing development,
(b) the maintenance and improvement of existing housing unit, (c) and identifying and addressing housing discrimination.

Through its housing program, the city will improve the quality of existing housing and encourage the production of new housing types to meet residents' needs.

Cudahy is primarily a residential community, with most of the city zoned residential with varying maximum densities. These designations are:
▪ Low Density Residential Zone (LDR) - 15 du/acre
▪ Medium Density Residential (MDR) – 25 du/acre
▪ High Density Residential (HDR) – 40 du/acre
There is also a large number of mobile home parks in the city, which the city is committed to improve and maintain with continued partnership with the State. The city spans just over 1 square mile and with a population density of 19,729 people per square mile, Cudahy is 10th in the Nation, and 2nd in California as the most densely populated city. The Housing Element examinesthe housing problems of the City and seeks to provide solutions to improve future housing conditions.

The average household income in Cudahy is $55,752 with a poverty rate 26.16%. The median rental cost is $1,306 per month, and median house value $420,700.

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This Housing Element is designed to address key housing issues in the City. These issues include:
(a) the need to maintain and rehabilitate the existing housing stock, (b) development of new housing to relieve overcrowding and housing cost, and (c) the maintenance of affordable housing for low-income households, special needs households and overpaying households.

The city is continuously seeking to meet the housing needs of its residents and to accommodate its share of regional housing. This will accomplish both state and local housing goals.

The Housing Element fulfills the requirements of the State Planning and Zoning Law and the regulations of Section 65580-65589.5 of the California Government Code. State law is very specific on the content of the Housing Element and makes it clear that the provision of affordable housing is the responsibility of all local governments. It expects the city to have its fair share in the development of regional housing needs and to contribute to the attainment of State housing goals.

1.2 FREQUENCY OF REVIEW AND UPDATE
The process of updating Housing Elements is triggered by HCD through the “regional housing needs” process. The Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) process is a State mandate on planning for housing, whereby each jurisdiction in the State is given “fair share” of local housing needs according to income distribution. Prior to the 2013 update, the last time the State initiated the regional housing needs process was in 1999.

The current Housing Element will serve the planning period beginning October 15, 2021, to October 15, 2029. This is an eight-year period to coincide with the RHNA process.

1.3 HOUSING ELEMENT CONTENTS
The Housing Element is required by State law to include:
• An assessment of existing housing needs-with an analysis of housing affordability, conditions, special needs, and affordable units at-risk of converting to market-rate—as well as projected needs as laid out in the RHNA.
• A detailed sites inventory and analysis that evaluates the jurisdiction’s ability to accommodate its RHNA.
• An analysis of constraints on housing in the jurisdiction • Housing programs that identify adequate sites to accommodate the City’s share of the regional housing need; assisting in the development of housing for very low- and low- income households; removing or mitigating governmental constraints to affordable housing; conserving and improving the existing affordable housing stock; promoting equal housing opportunity; and preserving the atrisk units identified; and

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• Quantified objectives that estimate the maximum number of units, by income level, to be constructed, rehabilitated, and conserved over the planning period of the element.

1.4 RELATIONSHIP TO GENERAL PLAN ELEMENTS
The current Cudahy 2040 General Plan was adopted in March 2018 and established a long-range plan. The plan includes eight elements required by State law, including:

Land Use,
Transportation,
Open Space/Recreation,
Conservation,
Public Safety,
Noise,
Housing,
Air Quality, and
Economic Development Elements.

This Housing Element is intended to serve as the seventh required element of the General Plan. It takes into consideration new land use designations and other policies in the Plan to ensure consistency between the other Plan elements. The Housing Element update will serve as the foundation for a comprehensive update of the goals/policies of the remaining 6 elements during the next General Plan update in the coming years.

Consistency with General Plan and Policies
2018 General Plan Amendment
Between 2016 - 2018, the City of Cudahy undertook a comprehensive General Plan update. New General Plan Land Use designations were developed, allowing higher densities in residential areas, and identifying new areas for mixed-use development with higher residential densities. The city completed a concurrent Development Code and Zoning Map update to provide zoning districts consistent with the new General Plan. This focused Housing Element amendment identifies sitesto meet the existing RHNA, with consistently higher densities allowed, and replaces sites identified in the original 2013 and the updated 2018 Housing Element that were no longer available due to rezoning.

The Housing Element of the General Plan is one component of the City's overall long-range planning strategy. The California Government Code requires that the General Plan contain an integrated, consistent set of goals and policies. The Housing Element is, therefore, affected by policies contained in other elements of the General Plan.

As stated earlier, Cudahy is primarily a residential community where most of the zoning is higher density residential. Cudahy is one of the most densely populated cities in the region. The Housing Element examines the housing problems of the City and seeks to provide solutions to improve future housing conditions.

This Element has been developed in accordance with the current Land Use Plan. All goals and policies in the General Plan were also reviewed concurrently to ensure consistency between the Elements.

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1.5 INFORMATION SOURCES
The information presented in this Housing Element is gathered from a variety of sources. The primary source of information used in the compilation of demographic, housing, and socio-economic information for Cudahy includes data collected by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Several other sources were also consulted during the preparation of this analysis, with the key sources being the State Department Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the State Department of Finance (DOF), and the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), and the American Community Survey (ACS). SCAG is mandated under State law to prepare population, housing, and employment projections that are to be used in the development of the region’s Growth Management Plan. These projections were used in the determination of the city’s regional housing needs assessment (RHNA).

Various other sources (both private and public) were also used. Wherever possible, data from the City and County were used to facilitate an understanding of local needs and conditions.

1.6 PUBLIC OUTREACH
Covid-19
The 6th Cycle Housing Element is the first Housing Element to be prepared during the Covid-19 pandemic.

From the beginning of 2020 through 2021, most offices, schools, places of worship, places of social gathering, retail stores, restaurants, government offices and religious and educational institutions were either closed or operated remotely and/or with limited staff.

As a result of government and health regulations regarding social distancing and closures of government establishments and other facilities, gathering information from city staff and members of the community as required by the California Housing Element Law has been a challenge. Interacting with city staff to obtain information has also been restricted. However, through it all, the City of Cudahy has been able to proceed with community outreach efforts through a series of community surveys in English and Spanish, Planning Commission Workshop, focused stakeholder interviews and other outreach efforts designed to measure the effectiveness of the existing 5th Cycle Housing Element while serving as potential foundation for the 6th Cycle policies, goals, and objectives.

Los Angeles County in general, and specifically cities within the gateway communities, experienced more disruption in services than any other county or counties in the State. For example, Los Angeles County reported 1.43 million cases of covid-19 and 25,530 deaths. In comparison, San Diego County reported 3,942 deaths, Riverside County reported 4,826 deaths, San Bernardino County reported 5,439 deaths, and Orange County reported 5,312 deaths. The number of deaths in these counties did not equal the deaths in Los Angeles County alone. By contrast, Santa Barbara County reported only 494 deaths, and Sonoma County reported 368 deaths.

Community Outreach
The Housing Element was prepared with public outreach and participation to the extent permissible under the restrictions of covid 19. To ensure the broadest community involvement, particularly among low-income and special needs groups, the city used several strategies, including:

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• On August 1, 2021, the city conducted a Planning Commission workshop via zoom to inform members of the Commission and the general public of the housing element process, receive input, and to inform of the AB 686 requirements. .
• On August 26, 2021, a focused stakeholder interview consisting of 11 members of the Cudahy community who were either land developers, community activists, residents, and business owners, was conducted via zoom. The participants ranged from the owner of a bakery, a residential developer, a representative from the East Yard Communities for Economic Justice to a school principal and an executive from a utility company. The survey questions ranged from the functions of the Housing Element to whether the City’s current land use policies adequately meet the City’s housing goals.
• A Community Outreach survey prepared in English and Spanish, and made available over a period of 60 days, between July 14, 2021, and September 14, 2021, was distributed and broadcast over several social media outlets, including a dedicated website specifically for the Housing Element Update, was made available to everyone. There was a total of 52 respondents. • Information on the Housing Element update was made available at all City facilities, including City Hall, Senior Center, Parks and Recreation, as well as on the city’s website.

The city distributed survey fliers to all City facilities, including. • Senior Center
• City Hall
• Parks & Recreation
• Nation Night Out
• Food Distribution
• Other city events
The City maintains a distribution list of stakeholder organizations, interested private citizens and public agencies (see list above), posts public information on the City’s website and at the physical location of the meetings, and issues press release. The venues for the public meetings were ADA accessible and served by public transportation. The city also advertised meetings, public hearings, and availability of the Housing Element in the monthly community newsletter.

Community Input
Through the published survey using SurveyPlanet, the city was able to collect responses to the questions on the survey regarding the Draft Housing Element. Comments and suggestions included:
• Providing affordable housing
• Address the homelessness issue
• Most respondents were favorable toward gentrification if the City provides existing residents with first right of refusal for existing residents
• Utilizing existing properties in the City that are currently under-utilized or vacant for more housing unit opportunities
• Concerns over the City’s residential height restrictions which prevent the development of more high

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rises with higher densities
• Concern with parking in the city
• A reduction in the size of units required by the city would allow developers to build more affordable units.
• The use of density bonus to encourage development of more affordable housing • Provision of permanent shelters for the homeless
• The city should investigate making more its resident homeowners rather than renters • The City’s current rents are too high
• Residential properties are not being kept up
• Provide diverse housing opportunities
Survey Results

1. Do you live and/or work in the City of Cudahy?
69% of the participants in this survey live in Cudahy but their job is located somewhere else where only 20 percent live and work in in the city of Cudahy.

2. Do you own a business in the City of Cudahy?

92% for both English and Spanish Survey) of participants do not own a business in the city of Cudahy.

3. Are you a member of a community civic organization?

Most participants are members of a community civic organization (at 87%) but in the Spanish survey more participants are involved in the community at 41%.

4. Do you currently own or rent your residence?

In the English survey that most of the participants (62%) rent their residence where in the Spanish survey about 50% of the participants who own their own residence and about 50% rent their residence within the city of Cudahy.

5. Do you think that the range of housing options currently available in Cudahy meets the needs of the community?

Most of the participants believe that the range of housing options available in Cudahy do not meet the needs of the community.

6. In your opinion, what type(s) of additional housing are most needed in the City of Cudahy? (Select all that apply
Participants are equally split between the different types of housing with the most focusing on Single family housing, Condominiums and Duplex/attached housing.

7. Describe the housing stock in the City of Cudahy (Select all that apply):

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28% of the English survey participants picked other and wrote their own word to describe the city’s housing stock (for example: limited, expensive, overpopulated, low income, lack of stock, crowded, unsafe, etc.) with Diverse coming in second at 25% where the Spanish survey is the reverse. For the Spanish survey the word Diverse is selected by 27% of the participants where in second they selected other at 18% of the time.

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8. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? Provide more housing for all income levels.

9. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? Promote housing affordable to working families.

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10. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? Build more SingleFamily Housing.

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11. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? Build more Multifamily housing (apartments, condos, etc.)

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12. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? Rehabilitate existing housing.

13. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? Create mixed-use (commercial/retail/office and residential projects to bring different land uses closer together).

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14. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? Provide more housing for the disabled.

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15. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? How do you feel about Fair Housing?

16. In a built-out community like Cudahy, what strategies should the city apply or pursue to ensure affordable fair housing for its residents?
In both the English and Spanish surveys, the most frequent answer given was rent control regarding the number one strategy the city should apply or pursue to ensure affordable fair housing for its residents.

17. In your opinion, what is the most pressing housing need(s) for the City of Cudahy right now? The most frequently suggested responses are affordable housing, parking, and overall availability of housing to the community.

In conclusion, the 6th Cycle Housing Element Update Survey completed for the city of Cudahy allowed us to infer from this sample size of participants that of most of the residents rent their residence and do not own their own business. Even though most respondents in English are not involved in a community civic organization, about 50% of the respondents in Spanish are involved in a community organization. But the majority of both survey’s participants agreed that the current range of housing options in the city of Cudahy do not meet the needs of the community and all types of housing are needed to provide even more diverse, affordable, and safer options for all residents. As seen in the graphs above for questions 10 -17 most of the

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participants for both surveys thought the housing priorities mentioned were very important to their households but the strategies to pursue fair housing or even deciding on the most pressing needs for the city were mainly focused on rent control, affordable housing, housing availability, and parking. Overall, in total there were 52 participants who took part in both surveys over a two-month period.

1.7 REVIEWS BY STATE HCD
State law requires every updated Housing Element be submitted to California’s Housing and Community Development (HCD) to ensure compliance with the State’s minimum requirements. This ‘certification’ process is unique among the General Plan elements.

Housing Elements are submitted twice to HCD for review and comment: once during development of the Housing Element (in draft form), and again after adoption of the Housing Element by the local jurisdiction.

The first period requires 60 days and must take place prior to adoption deadline. The second review requires 90 days and takes place after the adoption deadline. It is after the second review that written findings regarding compliance are submitted to the local government.

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2 Housing Needs Analysis

2.1 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS
The type and amount of housing needed in a community is largely determined by population growth and various demographic variables. Factors such as population size, age, race, and occupation can be used to analyze the effectiveness of existing housing policies and provide a general direction and focus for future housing initiatives. Population characteristics include population growth trends in the city, age characteristics, and ethnicity.

POPULATION TRENDS
Cudahy is in Los Angeles County and is one the Gateway Communities of the county. According to the 2020 United States Census, Cudahy has a 2020 total population of 22,811 persons, which is a decrease from the 2010 census figure of 23,805 persons. The population growth estimate for the city by the State Department of Finance was 24,172. As stated earlier, the City of Cudahy spans over 1 mile and with a population density of 19,729 people per square mile, is 10th in the Nation, and 2nd in California as the most densely populated city. The average household income in Cudahy is $55,752 with a poverty rate 26.16%. The median rental cost is $1,306 per month, and median house value $420,700.

Chart 2.1 (Population, Housing, and Households) describes the population trend in Cudahy from 2000 to 2020. Over this period Cudahy had an annual population growth rate of 0% compared to 0.7% for the region.

Cudahy experienced its greatest population growth in the 1990s; however, from 2007 through 2010 there was a slight reduction in population that may be attributed to out-migration, cost of living, and the declining economy from 2000 to 2010. By contrast, in 1970, the city had a population of 16,998 persons. In 1980, the census estimated the City’s population at 17,984 persons; the 1990 census estimated the population at 22,817 persons and 24,208 persons in 2000.

Chart 2.1 – Population, Employment, and Households

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Ethnicity
Cudahy is a predominately Hispanic/Latino community with Hispanic/Latinos comprising 95.2% of the city’s residents. The City’s White population is 3.1% and the Black/African American population is 0.7%. Cudahy also has a large immigrant population, and according to local sources, a large undocumented immigrant population. The number of undocumented immigrants residing in the city may sometimes skew sociodemographic information as most undocumented immigrants may be able to work and contribute to the economy of the area but may not be able to utilize Federal or State programs that require valid social security numbers or other means of identification.

Education
According to US Census numbers, the percentage of high school graduates or higher of persons residing in Cudahy age 25 years or older is 50.7%. The percentage of bachelor’s degree holder or higher is 6.6%. 42.7 percent of Cudahy’s residents have less than a high school education.

Household Size and Housing Stock
The average household size in the city has increased over the years largely due to several trends including increasing family size, shared living space to reduce cost, increasing cost of living, and overcrowding due to lack of available, affordable housing. In fact, the lack of affordable housing for the residents of Cudahy is cited at the top of their housing challenges.

According to data from the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), Cudahy’s current household size of 5 persons per household, is 32% higher than the State average persons per household. In addition, the City’s housing stock is getting older; well over half (57.4%) of the City’s housing stock was built prior to 1960, therefore, housing supply, in conjunction with affordability, may contribute to the growing household size.

According to the latest California Department of Finance the housing makeup in Cudahy is as follows; 37 percent single detached units, 22.8 percent single attached units, 5.6 percent 2-4 units, 27.3 percent 5 or more units, and 7.3% mobile home units.

Population and Population Trend
Table 2.1
Population Trends 1970-2021
Year Population Change (#) Change (%)
1970 16,998 n/a n/a
1980 17,984 986 5.8%
1990 22,817 4,833 26.9%
2000 24,208 1,391 6.1%
2007 25,870 1,662 6.9%
2010 23,805 -2,065 -8%
2015 24,383 +578 +2.37%
2020 22,811 - -1,572 -6.4
Sources: U.S. Census

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From the table above, it is apparent that population growth in Cudahy was the greatest in the 1990's compared to the 1980 number. Although population increased from 1990 to 2007, the percentage of increase was smaller than the 26.9% growth from 1980 to 1990. 2020 saw a slight decrease in population but the 2015 population showed a slight rebound. The 2020 population, which was smaller than the projected population for same period, is 6.4% lower than the 2015 population. The population trend between 2015 and 2020 raises some concern for the city if the trend continues. The previous Housing Element adopted in 1992 assumed that growth in the coming decade would be like that observed from 1970 to 1980 (5.8%) and the resulting population projection included in the earlier housing element projected a population of 24,140 in the year-2000, which was quite close to the actual 2000 population figure of 24,208 persons identified in the U.S. Census for that year. A slight reduction in population in recent years may be due to the growing cost of housing in the city, the lack of “affordable” housing based on the City’s socioeconomic data, new migration trends, and the inability to balance housing cost with lifestyle in the city.

Chart 2.2 – Current Population by Age and Sex
Looking at the City’s population breakdown by age and gender, Cudahy’s population is 49.7% male and

50.3% female. The 31.5% share of the population which is under 18 years of age is higher than the regional share of 23.4%. Cudahy's seniors (65 and above) make up 6.9% of the population, which is lower than the regional share of 13%. Table xx describes Cudahy’s current population be age and sex.

Chart 2.3 – Households by Household Size
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates 334 679859 1103
1198
391
247
69 133
171
121
170
52 74
403
812
1,030
1,224
1,368
443
321

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7+
Households (% by size category)
Number of People per Household
Renter Owner Total

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The most commonly occurring household size in Cudahy is five people per household (24.4%) and the second-most commonly occurring household size is of four people per household (21.9%). There are also some household sizes of 7 persons and some with 1 person. Cudahy has a lower share of single-person households than the SCAG region overall (7.2% vs. 23.4%) and a higher share of 7+ person households than the SCAG region overall (5.7% vs. 3.1%)
Specialized Housing Needs
As part of the Housing Element process, State law requires analysis of specialized housing needs, including female-headed households to ensure adequate childcare or job training services. Of Cudahy's 5,601 total households, 24.5% are female-headed (compared to 14.3% in the SCAG region), 15.8% are female-headed and with children (compared to 6.6% in the SCAG region), and 1.4% are female-headed and with children under 6 (compared to 1.0% in the SCAG region).

According to the American Community Survey (ACS), 22.7 percent of Cudahy’s households are experiencing poverty, compared to 7.9 percent of households in the SCAG region. Poverty thresholds, as defined by the ACS, vary by household type. In 2018, a single individual under 65 years was considered in poverty with a money income below $13,064/year while the threshold for a family consisting of 2 adults and 2 children was $25,465/year.

Table 2.2 - Elderly Households by Income and Tenure
Owner Renter Total Percent of Total Elderly Households
Income category,
relative to
surrounding area:
< 30% HAMFI 75 170 245 61.9%
30-50% HAMFI 40 40 80 20.2%
50-80% HAMFI 19 14 33 8.3%
80-100% HAMFI 10 0 10 2.5%
> 100% HAMFI 4 24 28 7.1%
TOT
AL
148 248 396
HUD CHAS, 2012-2016. HAMFI refers to Housing Urban Development Area Median Family Income.

Statute requires analysis of specialized housing needs, including housing needs for seniors. Federal housing data define a household type as 'elderly family' if it consists of two persons with either or both age 62 or over. Of Cudahy's 396 such households, 61.9% earn less than 30% of the surrounding area income, (compared to 24.2% in the SCAG region), 82.1% earn less than 50% of the surrounding area income (compared to 30.9% in the SCAG region).

Chart 2.6 - People Experiencing Homelessness
82 82
0 Sheltered Unsheltered Total
Cudahy

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2019 city and county homelessness point-in-time counts processed by SCAG. Jurisdiction-level counts were not available in Imperial County and sheltered population (and thus total) counts were not available in Riverside County. As a result, SCAG region totals from this compilation of data sources likely undercount true totals.

RACE AND ETHNICITY CHARACTERISTICS
The United States 2020 Census summarizes the race and ethnicity for the city's population. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin make up 95.2% of the community, with 3.1% White (non-Hispanic), 0.7% Black, and less than 1% Asian or Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander. Of 22,811 residents, 42.9% are foreign born, and 91.7% speak a language other than English at home.

AGE CHARACTERISTICS
According to the 2020 Census, the median age of City residents was 23.8 years of age compared to 33.7 years of age for the County. Currently the median age is 27, showing a shifting trend from a predominantly younger age group of 23.8 in 2000 to the current 2020 age group of 27.

The elderly population (persons 65 years of age or older) consisted of 7.6% of the total population in 1970.

In 1980, the proportion of persons aged 65 and over declined to 4.8% of the total population. In 1990, the proportion of the same elderly group declined even further to 4.0% of the total population. The 2000 Census indicated that elderly residents accounted for 3.7% of the City's total population, and more recently at 5.1% in the 2010 Census. After many declining years, the population of those over 65 years old has begun to rise, likely due to longer expected life spans, improved health care and services, and current residents staying in the community. In 2020, persons 65 years or older make up 6.9% of the population.

According to the 2020 Census, 7.9% of the City’s population were under 5 years of age. A total of 30.7% were between 5 years and 19 years of age. Working aged adults between the ages of 20 and 64 totaled 12,779 persons which represented 52.8%. Households with children, especially those with working parents or single heads of households, create a need for quality, affordable early care, and education services. The age grouping of the city’s population according to the 2020 Census are indicated below in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3
Age Characteristics of the Population
Age Group Number of People Percentage of Population
Under 5 years 2,182 9.2%
5 to 9 years 2,241 9.4%
10 to 14 years 2,408 10.1%
15 to 19 years 2,399 10.1%
20 to 24 years 1,953 8.2%
25 to 29 years 1,886 7.9%
30 to 34 years 1,832 7.7%
35 to 39 years 1,791 7.5%
40 to 44 years 1,770 7.4%
45 to 49 years 1,414 5.9%
50 to 54 years 1,178 4.9%
55 to 59 years 841 3.5%
60 to 64 years 688 2.9%
65 to 69 years 465 2.0%
70 to 74 years 296 1.2%
75 to 79 years 206 0.9%
80 to 84 years 155 0.7%
85 years and over 100 0.4%
Total Population 23,805 100.0%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2020

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The median age for the City of Cudahy is 27 years of age which is significantly less than the national average of 37.2 years of age. Table 2-4compared major age groupings tabulated from the 1980, 1990, 2000, and the 2010 census. As indicated in the table, the overall age distribution of the City’s population illustrated a decrease in the younger population and a slight increase of people 45 years old and higher. The trends in the City’s age characteristics are summarized in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4
Age Group Change 1980 - 2020
Age Group 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
<20 years 8,344 (46%) 9,626 (42%) 10,545 (44%) 9,230 (39%) 7,236 (30.7%) 20-44 years 6,830 (38%) 9,955 (44%) 9,947 (41%) 9,232 (39%) 9,563 (40.6%)%_) 45-64 Years 1,952 (11%) 2,319 (10%) 2,832 (12%) 4,121 (17%) 5,121 (21.8%) >65 years 868 (5%) 917 (4%) 884 (4%) 1,222 (5%) 1,649 (6.9%) Total 17,984 (100%) 22,817 (100%) 24,208 (100%) 23,805 (100%) 23,569 (100%) Chart 2.7 – Age Groups
0 500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Age Groups

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EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Chart 2.8- Educational Attainment
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2007-2021 American Community Survey To help increase the levels of educational attainment the City is looking to increase its support in policies that favor education; especially starting with education at early stages in life for those individuals in ages 0-

5. Quality early care and education provides a foundation for success in grades K-12 for Cudahy’s youngest residents. Early care and education translate to success in life because children who attend these programs are more likely to graduate from high school and attend college.

2.2 EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Employment types, income levels, and other factors determine the type of housing residents of the city can afford, while the unemployment rate is an indicator of the level of housing assistance needed. Employment and income levels are generally the function of regional growth or decline, which depends on factors beyond the city’s control. Employment characteristics describe those economic and market factors relevant to the maintenance of existing housing and the need to produce new housing in the city.

EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT
Cudahy has 10,146 workers living within its borders who work across 13 major industrial sectors. The chart below provides detailed employment information. The most prevalent industry is manufacturing with 1,773 employees (17.5% of total) and the second most prevalent industry is Education & Social Services with 1,613 employees (15.9% of total).

39.8%
24%

3.2%

2.4%

1.2%
Less than 9th Grade
High School Graduate
Associate's Degree
Bachelor's Degree
Graduate or Professional Degree

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Chart 2.9 - Employment by Industry
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates using groupings of 2-digit NAICS codes Chart 2.10 - Employment by Occupation
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates using groupings of SOC codes In addition to understanding the industries in which the residents of Cudahy work, it is also possible to analyze the types of jobs they hold. The most prevalent occupational category is Production, in which 3,251 (32% of total employees) work. The second most prevalent category is sales (21.4% of the total employees), followed by Services (20.2%). Cudahy’s numbers for production workers doubles the SCAG region number (14.6%), while SCAG’s Management employment category (34.2%) almost triples Cudahy’s (12.3%). This trend is indicative and a symptom of the educational levels of Cudahy’s residents.

Farmworkers
Statewide, farmworker housing is of unique concern and of unique importance. While only a small share of SCAG region jurisdictions has farmworkers living in them, they are essential to the region’s economy and food supply.
10 1,044
1,773
681
1,246
988
203
345
672
1,613
922
494
155
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale Rrade
Retail Trade
Transportation
Information
Finance
Professional Services
Education & Social Services
Arts, Entertainment, Recreation
Other
Public Admininstration
1,250
2,047 2,172
1,426
3,251
2,616,827
1,500,551
1,743,617
675,894
1,118,977

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%
Management Services Sales Natural Resources Production
Cudahy 12.3% 20.2% 21.4% 14.1% 32.0%
SCAG 34.2% 19.6% 22.8% 8.8% 14.6%
Cudahy SCAG

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Table 2.5 - Farmworkers by Occupation

2.3 HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERITICS
Household type and size, income levels, and other household characteristics determine the type of housing needed by residents. This section details the various household characteristics affecting housing needs.

Household characteristics provide an overview of the key socioeconomic characteristics that affect housing needs.

Household Sizes
The U.S. Census defines a household as any group of people who occupy a housing unit, including families*, single people, or unrelated persons sharing living quarters. Persons living in licensed facilities, retirement homes, or dormitories are not considered households. Household characteristics are important indicators of the type of size of housing needed in a community.
*According to the most current U.S. Census definition, family is defined as “A group of two or more people who reside together and who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption.”

2.4 HOUSING STOCK
Housing types, age, vacancy rates, conditions and other factors affecting housing stock determine if the current supply of housing is in good conditions or in adequate supply for residents. This section examines various stock characteristics that affect the living environment of Cudahy residents. Housing characteristics focuses on trends related to residential development, housing type, and housing tenure.

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Chart 2.11 - Housing Types
CA DOF E-5 Population and Housing Unit Estimates
According to the 2020 California Department of Finance data, there were 5,780 housing units in Cudahy.

This number is an increase of 10 units (5770) over the 2010 number. Of this total, 2,127 units (36.8%) were single detached units, 1,313 units (23.1%) were single attached units, 326 units (5.6%) were 2-4 units, and 1,574 units (27.3%) were 5 or more units. In addition, a significant number of households live in mobile home parks. A total of 420 units (7.3%) are mobile home units. The breakdown of housing unit types is illustrated in Table 2.

Chart 2.12 - Housing Trend
,.

Over the last two decades, (2000 to 2020), there has been more construction of single-family residential units than multi-family residential units in Cudahy. When comparing 2000 to 2020, Single-Family Residential (SFR) units increased by 529, Multi-Family Residential (MFR) units increased by 298, and mobile units increased by 7.
2,127
1,333
326
1,574
420
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Single-Family
Detached
Single-Family
Attached
Multifamily, 2-4
Units
Multifamily, 5+
Units Mobile Homes
Cudahy (%) 36.8% 23.1% 5.6% 27.2% 7.3%
SCAG (%) 54.4% 7.2% 7.5% 27.3% 3.5%
Percent of Total Units
2,931
2,198
413
3,183
2,064
417
3,450
1,900
420
3,454
1,900
420
3,460
1,900
420
0 500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
Single-Family Residential (SFR) Multifamily Residential (MFR) Mobile Homes Housing Units
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

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Chart 2.13 - Vacant Units by Type
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

Chart 2.14 - Housing Units by Year Structure Built
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

Examining the age of the current housing stock is one way to determine how historical developments patterns have contributed to a city’s form. The time period where the highest share of the City of Cudahy’s housing units was built is 1950-1959, while in the SCAG region more were built during 1970-1979 than any other period.

HOUSING AGE, CONDITION & OVERCROWDING
Housing age is an important indicator of the conditions of Cudahy’s housing stock. Homes and structures weather with use and deteriorate with time. If they are not properly maintained, housing can deteriorate quickly and become eyesores or potential sources of danger. This directly affects property prices and the quality of life of city residents. A city with an older housing stock will have to budget more for preservation assistance, home repair costs, and energy requirements.

32.8%

0.0%

16.1%

0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

51.1%

20.7%

5.4% 7.9%

4.5%

33.5%

0.3%

27.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
For Rent Rented For Sale Sold Seasonal Migrant Other
Percent of Total Vacant Units
Cudahy SCAG
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
2014 &
Later
2010-
2013
2000-
2009
1990-
1999
1980-
1989
1970-
1979
1960-
1969
1950-
1959
1940-
1949
1939 &
Earlier
Cudahy (%) 0.0% 0.3% 5.2% 5.1% 8.7% 10.8% 15.5% 27.1% 18.1% 9.3% SCAG (%) 1.0% 1.5% 10.1% 9.5% 15.0% 16.3% 14.5% 15.9% 6.9% 9.3% Percent of Total Units Cudahy (%) SCAG (%)

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A parcel specific housing condition survey was undertaken in February 2013. During the survey, housing condition was evaluated according to the following criteria:

Category I: Good Condition. Housing units included in this category were considered to be in a good state of repair and no repairs were warranted.

Category II: Minor Fix-Up; Paint-Up. General housing improvement needed including paint and minor repairs. Typically, improvements can be and are usually made by the property owner.

Category II: Major Repairs. This category includes major repairs such as replacement of the roof.

Typically, such repairs would be performed by a contractor.

Category IV: Beyond Repair. This housing condition category applies to those structures where the cost of repair is estimated to exceed the value of the structure.

Although the City has not conducted a more recent housing conditions survey, it is safe to conclude that current conditions may not differ significantly from the results in 2013. The table identifying substandard housing identify few units lacking telephone, plumbing or kitchen facilities.

Chart 2.15 - Substandard Housing
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

The American Community Survey (ACS) includes surveys about three factors of what may be considered substandard housing. In Cudahy, 60 units lack telephone service, 0 units lack plumbing, and 34 units lack complete kitchen facilities.

1.07%

0.00%

0.61%

1.95%

0.39%

1.29%
0%
1%
1%
2%
2%
3%
No Telephone Service Available Lacking Plumbing Facilities Lacking Complete Kitchen Facilities Percent of Total Units
Cudahy SCAG

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Chart 2.16 - Overcrowding by Extent and Tenure

HOUSING TENURE, OCCUPANCY AND VACANCY
According to the most recent DOF estimates, a total of 5,607 units were occupied while the remaining 163 units were vacant. This translated into a vacancy rate of 2.82% compared to a vacancy rate of 5.9% for Los Angeles County. In 2020 the vacancy rate for owner-occupied units was 2.9% and the vacancy rate for rental units was 1.5%. Compared to other cities in the county, Cudahy’s housing vacancy rate is among the lowest.

This results in an increased demand for a limited supply of housing units, which in turn, could affect the cost of both rental and owner-occupied units.

2.5 HOUSING COSTS AND AFFORDABILITY
The department of Housing and Urban Development defines affordable housing as housing for which the owner or tenants pays less than 30 percent of the household income. The cost of housing vis-à-vis income directly impacts the degree of affordability. If housing costs are high relative to income, there will be a correspondingly higher prevalence of borrowing in the case of homeowners, and overpayment in the case of renters. Overcrowding also increases as people turn to sharing homes and apartments to reduce housing costs. This section summarizes the cost and affordability of Cudahy’s housing stock.

Between 2000 and 2020 median home sales prices in Cudahy increased 179% while prices in the SCAG region increased 151%. 2018 median home sales prices in Cudahy were $430,000 and the highest experienced since 2000 was $493,500 in 2007. Prices in Cudahy have ranged from a low of 62.2% of the SCAG region median in 2002 and a high of 93.2% in 2008.

11.8%

0.9%

31.6%

7.2%

4.9%

1.3%

15.6%

6.4%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

1.0+/room 1.5+/room 1.0+/room 1.5+/room
Owner Owner Renter Renter
Percent of Total Households
Cudahy SCAG

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Chart 2.17 - Median Sales Price of Existing Homes

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%
100.0%
$-
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
Cudahy SCAG Cudahy Percentage of SCAG Price
SCAG Local Profiles, Core Logic/Data Quick. SCAG median home sales price calculated as household-weighted average of county medians.

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HOUSING COSTS AND AFFORDABILITY
Census data indicated that for owner-occupied housing units, most of the monthly mortgage payments in the city in 2010 was $2,000 or more with the median being $1,812 per month. In 2020, the median mortgage payment was $1,921.00. The 2020 median household income in Cudahy is $46,642.00. A household is overpaying for housing if more than 30% of their net “takehome” income is used for paying rent or mortgages.

According to census figures for the year 2020, 255 households (45.2% of the total owneroccupied units) living in owner-occupied units paid more than 30% of their monthly income towards the mortgage. According to the same census figures, 2,624 renter households (56.3% of the total renter households) paid more than 30% of their monthly income towards the rent. For renters, the median gross rent per month significantly increased from $1,103 in 2011 to $1,306.

On a percentage basis, this increase in cost represents an 18.4 percent increase. This dollar amount refers to the contract rent (i.e., monthly rent agreed to, or contracted for) plus the estimated average cost of utilities and fuels if paid for by the renter. This definition was used by the census to eliminate differentials due to varying practices in rent structuring.

The HUD-formulated Fair Market Rent (FMR)schedule is a guideline to maximum rents allowable for units receiving Section 8 assistance. HUD uses the Consumer Price Index and the census data to calculate the FMRs for each Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA).

Because HUD includes different criteria in its definition of rent, census data and FMRs are not directly comparable. While some vacant property is available for new residential development, most of the new residential construction will occur on land that is presently occupied by existing development. The demolition, removal, and clean-up of these existing properties contribute to the higher cost of development. During the latter part of the 1990s, interest rates were generally low. In 2000, interest rates were raised by the Federal Reserve though they were once again lowered in the years following 2000 in response to fears of recession and have continually dropped in response to avoiding a further recession. With the currently low interest rates in 2020, the prices of residential and commercial properties have skyrocketed. In general, the cost (market-rate) for new land in the city ranges from $100/square foot up to $150/square foot. The actual construction cost for residential development ranges from $300/square foot up to $530/square foot. The current average rent in the city is $1,624.00, and the average cost of a single-family residential property is approximately $450.00 per square-foot. Homes are not as affordable in the city as they were 10 years ago, following a similar regional and state-wide trend.

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2.6 RENT VS. OWN
RENTER
Chart 2.18 - Spending on Rent by Renter (ACS -2020)
Across Cudahy's 4,811 renter households, 2,854 (59.3%) spend thirty percent or more of gross income on housing cost, compared to 55.3% in the SCAG region. Additionally, 1,457 renter households in Cudahy (30.3%) spend fifty percent or more of gross income on housing cost, compared to 28.9% in the SCAG region.

While the previous table breaks down cost burden by area-relative income, the ACS also allows for the analysis of Cudahy's 4,733 renter households (for which income data are available) by spending on rent by income bracket (dollar amounts). As one might expect, the general trend is that low-income households spend a higher share of income on housing (e.g., over 50%) while high-income households are more likely to spend under 20% of income on housing. 71 275
385
601 547
431 381
585
1,457
78 0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
<10% 10-15% 15-20% 20-25% 25-30% 30-35% 35-40% 40-49% >50% Not Computed
Number of Households
Percent of Income Spent on Rent

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Chart 2.19 – Spending on rent By Income
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

Chart 2.20 - Household Income by cash Rent
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

Cudahy renter households' cash rent paid can be broken down by household incomes. As one might expect, the general trend is that lower-income households spend less on rent while higherincome households spend more on rent, though this may not be universally true. Rent categories range from <$500/month (3.6% of Cudahy renters) to >$2000/month (3% of Cudahy renters).

The most common rent category in Cudahy is $1000-1500/month with 57.6% of renters. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Less than
$20,000
$20,000 to
$34,999
$35,000 to
$49,999
$50,000 to
$74,999
$75,000 to
$99,999
$100,000 or
more
>50% 754 615 88 0 0 0
30-49% 86 419 660 232 0 0
20-29% 38 58 179 651 206 16
<20% 0 0 17 133 235 346
Number of Renter Households
Income Category
>50%
30-49%
20-29%
<20%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Less
than
$20,000
$20,000
to
$34,999
$35,000
to
$49,999
$50,000
to
$74,999
$75,000
to
$99,999
$100,00
0 or
more
>$2000/mo. 0 19 36 39 0 47
$1500-2000/mo. 109 142 157 243 139 63
$1000-1500/mo. 443 637 557 589 265 252
$500-1000/mo. 225 269 177 145 37 0
<$500/mo. 129 25 17 0 0 0 Renter Households
Income
>$2000/mo.
$1500-2000/mo.
$1000-1500/mo.
$500-1000/mo.
<$500/mo.

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OWNER
Chart 2.21 - Monthly Owner Costs for Mortgage Holders
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates
While renter households receive much of the focus when it comes to housing cost analysis, owner households make up 14.1% of Cudahy and 52.5% of the SCAG region. The most commonly occurring mortgage payment in Cudahy is $1500-$2000/month and the most commonly occurring mortgage payment in the SCAG region is $2000-$3000/mo.

Mortgage-holding households in Cudahy can be broken down by income and the percentage of income spent on mortgage costs. As one might expect, the general trend is that lower-income households spend a higher share of income on housing costs, while high-income households may spend a lower share of income on housing. The income category most prevalent amongst Cudahy mortgage-holding households is $75,000 or more (305 households) and the most prevalent share of income spent on mortgage costs is over 30% (317 households).

0.0%

3.7%

20.8%

29.7% 29.2%

12.3%

4.3%

0.5%

5.1%

13.7%

19.6%

33.4%

15.4%

12.3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
<$500 $500-$1000 $1000-$1500 $1500-$2000 $2000-$3000 $3000-$4000 >$4000 Pct. of mortgage-holders
Mortgage - Monthly Payment
Cudahy SCAG

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Chart 2.22 - Cost for Mortgage Holders by Income
Chart 2.21 - Household Income by Home value
Another approach to evaluating the relationship between housing and income is to compare incomes and home values in Cudahy. The most commonly occurring income category amongst owner households in Cudahy is $100,000 or more (302 households) and the most commonly occurring home value category is $200,000 to $500,000 (511 households). 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Less than
$20,000
$20,000 to
$34,999
$35,000 to
$49,999
$50,000 to
$74,999 $75,000 or more
Over 30% 19 90 58 71 79
20-29% 0 0 2 17 117
Under 20% 0 0 0 0 109
Mortgage-holding households
Household Income; Percent of income spent on mortgage costs 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Less than
$20,000
$20,000 to
$34,999
$35,000 to
$49,999
$50,000 to
$74,999
$75,000 to
$99,999
$100,000
or more
Above $500,000 0 55 11 0 36 82
$200,000 to $500,000 18 44 72 112 45 220
$100,000 to $200,000 0 5 7 0 0 0
Below $100,000 70 8 27 3 0 0
Owner-occupied households
Household Income; Home Value

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2.7 HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Table 2.6 – Final 6th Cycle Regional Housing Needs Allocation The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) has identified a total of 393 housing units for Cudahy’s Regional Housing Needs Assessment. The units are broken down as follows:
80 very low-income units, 36 low-income units, 53 moderate income units, and 224 above moderate-income units.

EXTREMELY LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
Extremely low-income is defined as households with income less than 30 percent of area median income. The area median household income in Cudahy is $46,642. For extremely low-income households, this results in an income of $13,992.6 or less. Households with extremely low incomes have a variety of housing situations and needs. For example, most families and individuals receiving public assistance, such as social security insurance (SSI) or disability insurance is considered extremely low-income households. At the same time, a minimum wage worker could be considered an extremely low-income household with an annual income of approximately $17,000 or less.

Housing the extremely low-income population (below 30% of area median income) can be especially challenging. The race/ethnicity with the highest share of extremely low-income households in Cudahy is Black, non-Hispanic (40% compared to 31% of total population). In the SCAG region, the highest share of extremely low-income households is Black, non-Hispanic (27.1% compared to 17.7% of total households).

EXISTING NEEDS
According to the 2020 Census data prepared by SCAG, of the City's 5,690 households in 2020, 2,879 households were considered low-income. Most extremely low-income households are renters and experience a high incidence of housing problems. For example, extremely lowincome households faced housing problems (defined as cost burden greater than 30% of income

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and/or overcrowding and/or without complete kitchen or plumbing facilities). Even further, extremely low-income households paid more than 50% of their income towards housing costs.

Table 2.7 Housing Needs for Extremely Low-Income Households Renters Owners Total
Total Number of ELI
Households
2,624 255 2,879
Percentage with Any
Housing Problems

12.6% 12.6% 25.3%
Percent with Cost Burden
(30% of income)

56.3% 45.2% 50.3%
Percent with Severe Cost
Burden (50% of income)

10.2% 71% 12%
Total Number of Households 4,702 1,011 5,713
Source: Census.gov; Southern California Association of Governments

PROJECTED NEEDS
To calculate the projected housing needs, the city assumed 50% of its very low-income regional housing needs are extremely low-income households. As a result, from the very low-income need of 116 units, the city has a projected need of 80 units for extremely low-income households.

Many extremely low-income households will be seeking rental housing and most likely facing an overpayment, overcrowding or substandard housing condition. Some extremely low-income households could be with mental or other disabilities and special needs. To address the range of needs, the city will employ a detailed housing strategy including promoting a variety of housing types, such as accessory dwelling units (ADU) and single-room occupancy (SRO) units without requiring a CUP.

With respect to single-room occupancy units, the city will seek to modify the zoning code to allow transitional housing in the future, as a permitted use to further accommodate these residents.

In addition, the city is currently working on an Inclusionary Housing Ordinance that would require construction of more affordable housing in the city.

To address the housing needs of extremely low-income households, the city will identify and meet with nonprofit builders who specialize in building housing for extremely low-income households and supportive housing. This effort is design to:
• Build a long-term partnership in development,
• Gain access to specialized funding sources, including applying for funding sources that support deeper targeting,
• Identify the range of local resources and assistance needed to facilitate the development of housing for extremely low-income households, and
• Promote a variety of housing types, including higher density, multifamily supportive, single room occupancy, and shared housing.

As part of this effort, the city will develop an action plan with its nonprofit partners to develop housing for extremely low-income households. Activities include assisting with site identification

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and acquisition, local financial resources, assisting and streamlining entitlements and providing concessions and incentives.

2.8 OVERCROWDING AND OVERPAYMENT
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Overcrowding
Overcrowding its typically defined as more than one person per room, based on the Census Bureau’s definition of “room,” which excludes bathrooms, porches, balconies, foyers, halls, or half-rooms. Severe overcrowding occurs when there are more than 1.5 persons per room.

Overcrowding can result when there are not enough adequately sized units within a community, or when high housing cost relative to income forces too many individuals or families to share housing. Overcrowding can also accelerate deterioration of the housing stock.

In Cudahy, 93 owner-occupied and 1,518 renter-occupied households had more than 1.0 occupants per room, which meets the ACS definition for overcrowding. 7 owner-occupied households and 346 renter-occupied households had more than 1.5 occupants per room, which meets the ACS definition for severe overcrowding.

Chart 2.22 - Crowding by Extent and Tenure
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

To address overcrowding, this Housing Element will not include programs to increase density to increase the supply of residential units in Cudahy, because the city increased densities in 2018 as part of the comprehensive General Plan and Zoning Code update.

Table 2.8 Household Overcrowding
Owner Renter Total
Occupied Units 916 4733 5649
Overcrowded Units 180 1248 1428
Severely Overcrowded 83 451 534
Source: Census.gov; American Fact Finder

11.8%

0.9%

31.6%

7.2%

4.9%

1.3%

15.6%

6.4%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

1.0+/room 1.5+/room 1.0+/room 1.5+/room
Owner Owner Renter Renter
Percent of Total Households
Cudahy SCAG

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Overpayment
A household is overpaying for housing (or cost burdened) if it spends more than 30% of its gross income on housing. Severe housing cost burden occurs when a household pays more than 50% of its income on housing. The prevalence of overpayment varies significantly by income, tenure, household type, and household size.

Table 2.9 Total Households Overpaying
Households Renter Owners TOTAL
All Households 4733 916 5649
Number of Households
Overpaying
2,624 255 2,879
Percent of All Households
Overpaying

56.3% 45.2% 50.9%
Source: Census.gov; American Fact Finder
Of the 2,879 households overpaying in Cudahy, 448 household were severely overpaying.

Table 2.10 Total Households Severely Overpaying
Households Renter Owners TOTAL
Number of Households
Overpaying
2,624 255 2,879
Number of Households Severely
Overpaying
267 181 448
Percent of Households
Overpaying

10.2% 71% 15.5%
Source: Census.gov; American Fact Finder
In general, overpayment disproportionately affects lower income households; further, emphasizing the affordability gap between market rents and affordable housing costs for lower income households.

Table 2.11 Lower Income Households Overpaying
Households Renters Owners TOTAL
Total Households Overpaying 2,624 255 2,879

LOWER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
Lower Income Households
Overpaying (30% of Income)
1,477 115 1,592
Lower Income Households
Overpaying (50% of Income)
267 181 448
Source: Census.gov; American Fact Finder
To address overpayment, Cudahy will pursue a variety of programs to expand affordability. With a strong prevalence of overpayment/overcrowding with large family renter households, the city will focus its new construction on multi-family units.

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2.9 “AT-RISK” HOUSING
“Assisted housing units” are defined as units with rents subsidized by federal, State, or local governmental programs. California Government Code Section 65583 requires that housing elements include an inventory of all assisted rental housing units within the local jurisdiction that are at-risk of losing subsidies, mortgage prepayment, or being converted to other uses if the expiration date of their financing program is between 2021 and 2031 (i.e., 10 years from the beginning of the housing element planning period—2021). In all, there are a total of 142 units atrisk of conversion in Cudahy.

CONVERSION RISK
State law requires Housing Elements provide an inventory of all assisted housing units if the expiration date of their financing program is within the next ten years of the housing element planning period. These housing units are deemed to be “at-risk” of being converted to market rate units. Additionally, HCD recommends jurisdiction assess the overall potential conversion risk of all assisted housing units. However, there is no “official” or prescribed methodology to conduct the analysis. Jurisdictions, therefore, are free to decide how to conduct the analysis by choosing a method most appropriate to their jurisdiction.

There are three general cases that can result in the conversion of public assisted units:

1. Prepayment of HUD Mortgages: Section 221(d’ (3), Section 202 and Section 236 — Section 221 (d)(3) is a privately-owned project where the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provides either below market interest rate loans or marketrate loans with a subsidy to the tenants. With Section 236 assistance, HUD provides financing to the owner to reduce the costs for tenants by paying most of the interest on a market rate mortgage. Additional rental subsidy may be provided to the tenant. Section 202 assistance provides a direct loan to non-profit organizations for project development and rent subsidy for low-income elderly tenants. Section 202 provides assistance for the development of units for physically handicapped, developmentally disabled, and chronically mentally ill residents.

2. Opt-outs and Expirations of Project-Based Section 8 Contracts — Section 8 is a federally funded program that provides for subsidies to the owner of a pre-qualified project for the difference between the tenant’s ability to pay and the contract rent. Opt-outs occur when the owner of the project decides to opt-out of the contract with HUD by pre-paying the remainder of the mortgage. Usually, the likelihood of opt-outs increases as the market rents exceed the contract rents.
• Clara Park Commons Senior

3. Other — Expiration of the low-income use period of various financing sources, such as Low-income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC), bond financing, density bonuses, California

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Housing Finance Agency (CALHFA), Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) HOME and redevelopment funds. Generally, bond-financing properties expire according to a qualified project period or when the bonds mature.
• Clara Park Village
• Elizabeth Court
• Clara Court
• Live Oaks Garden
FEDERALLY ASSISTED “AT RISK” UNITS
At-Risk Units includes a study of all low-income housing units, which may at some future time be lost to affordable inventory by the expiration of some type of affordability restrictions. The law requires that the analysis and study cover a ten-year period, and be divided into two periods, coinciding with updates of the housing elements.

Based on our inventory of all assisted housing units within the city, three projects were identified with having a “Higher Risk” of being converted to market rate units. The projects identified as “higher risk” are Elizabeth Court, Clara Court, and Live Oaks Gardens; all owned by Corp for Better Housing. After identification of the at-risk units the city contacted the owner of the projects to inquire about the potential risk of losing these units to market rate units. The owner then indicated that they had no desire to sell their units and will be renewing their contracts to continue to provide them as affordable housing units; the City will contact the owner of the project to confirm their desire not to sell their units. Furthermore, the City will maintain contact with owners/management of at-risk projects and on an annual basis, confirm the status of contract renewals. As well as maintain and annually update a list of all assisted housing developments. The City will notify tenants of any possible modification to contract renewals affecting the status of their affordable housing units.

Table 2.12 Summary of At-Risk Units
Project Name Address Target
Group
Number
of Units
Type of
Assistance
Expiration
Date
Current Owner At-Risk
Clara Park Village 4805 Clara St Cudahy,
CA 90201
Elderly 49 Section 8 2037 National Church
Residents
Lower
Risk
Elizabeth Court 5225 Elizabeth St
Cudahy CA 90201
Low Income 25 Low-Income
Housing Tax
Credits
2013 Corp for Better
Housing
Higher
Risk
Clara Court 5159 Clara St Cudahy,
CA 90201
Low-Income 36 Low-Income
Housing Tax
Credits
2013 Corp for Better
Housing
Higher
Risk
Live Oaks Garden 5203 Live Oak St
Cudahy, CA 90201
Low-Income 32 Low-Income
Housing Tax
Credits
2015 Corp for Better
Housing
Higher
Risk
Clara Park
Commons
4805 Clara St Cudahy,
CA 90201
Low-Income 49 Low-Income
Housing Tax
Credits
2020 National Church
Residents of
Clara Commons
High Risk
Cudahy Gardens 4343 Elizabeth St
Cudahy, CA 90201
Low-Income 99 Low-Income
Housing Tax
Credits
2029 Housing Corp of
America
Lower
Risk
Source: City of Cudahy Community Development Department

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COST OF REPLACEMENT VS PRESERVATION
The best ways to ensure that no assisted units convert to market rate within the planning period are either to acquire and preserve all at-risk units or to construct new housing to replace those units. Either of these methods will ensure affordable controls and price restriction are extended to at-risk households under current federal, State, and local programs. In Cudahy, the cost of preserving assisted units is estimated to be less than that required to replace the units through new construction. Land prices, land availability and construction costs are generally the limiting factors to development of new affordable housing.

To provide a cost analysis of preserving at-risk units, costs must be determined for rehabilitation, new construction, or tenant-based rental assistance.

1. Rehabilitation– The primary factors used to analyze the cost of preserving low- income housing include: acquisition, rehabilitation, and financing. Actual acquisition costs depend on several variables such as condition, size, location, existing financing, and availability of financing (governmental and market). The following are estimated per unit preservation costs for the city
Table 2.13 Rehabilitation Costs
Fee/Cost Type Cost Per Unit
Acquisition $266,359
Total Estimated Cost Per Unit $266,359
Source: City of Cudahy Community Development Department

2. New Construction/Replacement – New construction implies construction of a new property with the same number of units and similar amenities as the one removed from the affordable housing stock. Cost estimates were prepared by using local information and data. The construction of new housing can vary greatly depend on factors such as location, density, unit sizes, construction materials and on-site and off-site improvements. The following table describes new construction costs in Cudahy.

Table 2.14 New Construction /Replacement Costs
Fee/Cost Type Cost Per Unit
Acquisition $266,359
Construction $155,058.75
Financing/Other $55,000
Total Estimated Cost Per Unit $476,417.75
Source: City of Cudahy Community Development Department *Construction cost =$150/SF * 41,349SF (SF that can potentially be lost) = $6,202,350/40 units =$155,058.75 construction cost per unit.

The rehabilitation of existing units instead of new construction is the most cost-effective approach towards the preservation of at-risk units.

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QUALIFIED ENTITIES
The California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) keeps a current list of all the qualified entities across the State. A “qualified entity” is a nonprofit or for-profit organization or individual that agrees to maintain the long-term affordability of housing projects.

Efforts by the City to retain low-income housing must be able to draw upon two basic types of preservation resources: organizational and financial. Qualified, non-profit entities need to be made aware of the future possibilities of units becoming at risk. Groups with whom the City has an ongoing association are the logical entities for future participation. The qualified entities that HCD list for (Los Angeles County) are listed below:

Table 2.15 Organizations

1. A Community of Friends 28. Jamboree Housing Corporation

2. Abbey Road Inc. 29. Keller & Company

3. Access Community Housing, Inc. 30. Korean Youth & Community Center, Inc. (KYCC)

4. Affordable Homes 31. Latin American Civic Assoc.

5. Affordable Housing People 32. Long Beach Affordable Housing Coalition, Inc

6. Century Housing Corporation 33. Los Angeles Center for Affordable Tenant Housing

7. Century Pacific Equity Corporation 34. Los Angeles Community Design Center

8. City Housing Real Estate Services 35. Los Angeles Housing Department/ Policy Planning Unit

9. City of Pomona Housing Authority 36. Los Angeles Housing Partnership, Inc.

10. Coalition for Economic Survival 37. Los Angeles Low Income Housing Corp. (LALIH)

11. Community Partnership Dev. Corp 38. LTSC Community Development Corporation

12. Community Rehabilitation Services, Inc 39. Many Mansions, Inc.

13. CSI Support & Development Services 40. Menorah Housing Foundation

14. DML & Associates Foundation 41. Nehemiah Progressive Housing Dev. Corp.

15. Doty-Burton Associates 42. Nexus for Affordable Housing

16. Eden Housing, Inc. 43. Orange Housing Development Corporation

17. FAME Housing Corporation 44. PICO UNION HOUSING CORPORATION

18. Foundation for Quality Housing 45. Poker Flats LLC

19. Opportunities, Inc. 46. ROEM Development Corporation

20. Francis R. Hardy, Jr. 47. Shelter For The Homeless

21. Hart Community Homes 48. Skid Row Housing Trust

22. Hollywood Community Housing Corp. 49. Southern California Housing Development Corp

23. Home and Community 50. Southern California Presbyterian Homes

24. Hope - Net 51. The East Los Angeles Community Union (TELACU)

25. Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles 52. The Long Beach Housing Development Co.

26. Housing Corporation of America 53. West Hollywood Community Housing Corp.

27. Irvine Housing Opportunities 54. Winnetka King, LLC Source: http://hcd.ca.gov/hpd/hrc/tech/presrv/

2.10 OPPORTUNITY FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION
Under State law, the Housing Element must include an analysis of the opportunities for energy conservation in residential development (Government Code Section 65583 (a)(7)). Planning for energy conservation is important for several reasons, but mainly because of the environmental costs and financial costs involved in energy use. This section of the report will discuss both factors briefly before moving on to discuss City programs and strategies to reduce energy use.

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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are known as Greenhouse Gases (GHG). GHG are emitted by both natural processes and human activities. GHG emissions that are produced both by natural and industrial processes include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N20).

The accumulation of GHG in the atmosphere regulates the earth's temperature. Without these natural GHG, the Earth's surface would be about 61°F cooler. However, emissions from fossil fuel combustion by humans have elevated the concentration of GHG in the atmosphere to above natural levels. Scientific evidence indicates a correlation between increasing global temperatures/climate change over the past century and human induced levels of GHG. These and other environmental changes have potentially negative environmental, economic, and social consequences around the globe.

The California Natural Resources Agency is presently developing the State's Climate Adaptation Strategy. Currently, there are no federal standards for GHG emissions and federal regulations have not been promulgated. Recently, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the harm associated with climate change are serious and well recognized, that the EPA must regulate GHG as pollutants, and unless the agency determines that GHG do not contribute to climate change, it must promulgate regulations for GHG emissions from new motor vehicles. To date, 12 states, including California, have set State GHG emission targets. The passage of Assembly Bill (AB) 32, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, promulgated the California target to achieve reductions in GHG to 1990 GHG emission levels by the year 2020. The environmental impact report (EIR) includes an evaluation of the existing greenhouse gas emissions within the planning area, those anticipated local greenhouse gas emissions anticipated at build-out under the implementation of the General Plan’s land use policy, and those estimated greenhouse gas emissions for 1990.

UTILITY COSTS
In addition to reducing GHG emissions, planning for energy conservation can reduce utility and maintenance costs, which in turn, leads to housing affordability. This is particularly important to lower income households with less disposable income to pay for utilities. Depending on the age and condition of the home and the number and type of appliances, energy costs can represent more than 25 percent of overall monthly housing costs. As such, the incorporation of energy saving features, energy saving materials and efficient systems in new as well as remodeled homes is an important consideration.

In the past 20 years, rapidly increasing energy costs have contributed to the deterioration of housing affordability. Since 1970, energy costs to consumers have increased over 100 percent above the price of inflation. More recently, crude oil prices have increased to over 40 dollars a barrel. It is therefore prudent for city government like Cudahy to find ways and means to reduce energy consumption to reduce energy costs.

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ENERGY CONSERVATION
The City shall consider the energy efficiency of new equipment when it purchases replacement equipment and shall purchase low energy replacements whenever feasible. Through the City's development review process, new construction shall be required to demonstrate that energy conservation measures beyond those required by Title 24 have been incorporated whenever feasible. To assist developers in knowing what options and special grants are available, the City shall work with the Southern California Edison Company and the Southern California Gas Company to identify new low-cost construction, heating and appliance techniques and equipment that can result in substantial energy and cost savings for future tenants and owners.

The City shall make information and utility company contacts available to all applicants for building permits. The city will utilize its Development Review Process to encourage the use of low-polluting building materials in new construction. It will also utilize the Development Review Process to assure that the exposure of sensitive receptors to toxic and hazardous pollutants, as well as dust and odors is minimized or, where feasible, eliminated. The city will revise its California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines to ensure uniform assessment of air quality impacts of projects and will incorporate the SCAQMD significance thresholds in these Guidelines or into EIR's and negative declarations prepared pursuant to these Guidelines.

CITYWIDE STRATEGIES
The city works to promote energy conservation in a number of ways. The Cudahy General Plan provides policy direction under which city regulations, programs, and projects work in unison to ensure land use, transportation, and other aspects of City operations conform to energy conservation goals. Especially for housing development, the issue of energy conservation is addressed at two levels: for new construction and rehabilitation of existing structures.

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3 Regional Housing Needs Assessment and Special Needs

3.1 REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ALLOCATION, 2014-2021
Every city and county in the State of California has a legal obligation to respond to its ‘fair share’ of the projected future housing need in the region in which it is located. For Cudahy and other Southern California jurisdictions, the regional housing need is determined by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), based upon an overall regional housing need number established by the State. In accordance with State law, SCAG has determined the fair share of the regional housing need that must be planned for by each jurisdiction during the 2013 to 2021 planning period. That need is divided into four income categories of housing affordability (in accordance with State law).

METHODOLOGY
The RHNA methodology assigns each jurisdiction a share of the region’s total housing need. The methodology includes an allocation tool that is a mathematical equation that consists of weighted factors. For example, if one of the factors, e.g., household growth, is determined to be more important that another factor, e.g., transit. The methodology can give household growth a higher weight than transit in the formula. The methodology may also equally weight the factors, therefore ensuring that all the factors are of equal priority. • The factors and weights (expressed in parenthesis) are:
• Household growth (45%)
• Existing employment (22.5%)
• Employment growth (22.5%)
• Household growth near existing transit (5%)
Employment growth near existing transit, Household growth, existing employment, and employment growth are estimated in SCAG’s regional household and employment forecasts. A jurisdiction’s share of the Regional Housing need is assigned accordingly to its percentage share of regional household growth, employment growth, existing employment, and household and employment growth near transit:
(Household Growth x 0.45) + (Employment Growth x 0.225) + (Existing Employment x 0.225) + (Household Growth near Transit x

0.05) + (Employment Growth near Transit x 0.05)
After determining the housing need, a number of “rules” are established by SCAG to determine the allocation of units by income. The broad concept is that local jurisdictions must plan for

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income-based housing relative to the regional average. The income allocations scenarios give each jurisdiction 175 percent of the difference between their 2020household income distribution and the 2020 regional household income distribution. An “adjustment factor” is then applied to determine housing unit allocation in each income category.

For a complete discussion of the methodology, see SCAGS website at: http://www.scag.ca.gov/ CUDAHY’S ‘FAIR SHARE’ OF THE REGIONAL HOUSING NEED
Regional Housing Needs Assessment provides a discussion of the Regional Housing Needs Assessment and how the city intends to accommodate its identified housing need.

The authority to determine housing needs for the various income groups for cities within the Southern California region has been delegated to the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), pursuant to Section 65584 of the Government Code. The housing needs are categorized according to the following income groups:

The Extremely Low-Income households are those whose income is 30% or less than that of the median household income for the greater Los Angeles area; The Very Low-Income households are those whose income does not exceed 50% of the median household income for the greater Los Angeles area; The Low-Income households earn from 51% to 80% of the median; The Moderate-Income groups earn from 81% to 120% of the median; and, The Above Moderate households earn over 120% of the median income.

The various housing categories and the income thresholds for each are discussed above. SCAG’s Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) estimated the eight-year future housing construction need for Cudahy at 393units.

Table 3.1RHNA 4th Cycle
January 2006 – June 2014
Table 3.2
RHNA 5th Cycle
January 2014 – October 2021
Number of Units Number Percentages Number of Units Number Percentages Very Low-Income Households 94 23% Very Low-Income Households 80 25% Low-Income Households 60 15% Low-Income Households 46 15% Moderate Income Households 67 17% Moderate Income Households 51 16% Above Moderate-Income
Households
180 45% Above Moderate-Income
Households
141 44%
Total Needed-Future Housing 401 100% Total Needed-Future Housing 318 100% Source: Southern California Association of Governments

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Table 3.3
RHNA 6th Cycle
October 2021 – October 2029
Number of Units Number Percentages
Very Low-Income Households 80 20.35%
Low-Income Households 36 9.16%
Moderate Income Households 53 13.48%
Above Moderate-Income Households 224 56.9%
Total Needed-Future Housing 393 100%
Southern California Association of Governments
As indicated previously, those households that have incomes of 30% of the County median would fall into the extremely low-income category. Based on the 2020 income limits, an extremely lowincome household would have the following household incomes: a one-person household with an annual income of $17,400 or less; a two-person household with an annual income of $19,900 or less; a three-person household with an annual income of $22,400 or less; and a four-person household with an annual income of $24,850 or less.

The planning period governed by the RHNA extends from 2021 to 2029. As a result, the city will only receive credit towards the RHNA for the new housing that is entitled, under construction, or built beginning in 2021.

As indicated in Table 3.2 the City's remaining unmet need for the planning period is 393 units.

There is a remaining unmet need for above moderate-income units (141 units are still needed), moderate-income units (51 units are still needed), low-income units (46 units are still needed), and very low-income units (80 units are still needed).

WHAT THE NUMBERS MEAN
The primary goal of the RHNA numbers is to act as targets for jurisdictions to achieve during the planning period. Because local jurisdictions are rarely if ever involved in the actual construction of housing units, sometimes it is not possible for these targets to be met. HCD does not penalize jurisdictions for not meeting RHNA targets, if they have allocated enough land for the construction of units and have made a good effort through the implementation of housing policies and programs to help meet the RHNA targets.

3.2 SPECIAL HOUSING NEEDS
In addition to the general housing needs of the population, cities and counties must plan for the special housing needs of certain groups. For the Housing Element, Government Code (65583(a)(6)) requires that several populations with special needs be addressed: people who are homeless; persons with disabilities; female-headed households; large households; seniors; overcrowded households; farmworker households. To meet the needs of these groups; Cudahy must be creative and look to new ways of increasing the supply, diversity, and affordability of this specialized housing stock.

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Chart 3.1 - Disability by Type
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

Chart 3.2 - Disability by Type (Seniors 65 and Over)
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

Understanding the employment status of people with disabilities may also be an important component in evaluating specialized housing needs. In Cudahy, 27.8% of the population with a disability is employed, compared to 69.8% of the non-disabled population.

EMERGENCY SHELTER & TRANSITIONAL HOUSING
The primary agency that deals with the issue of homelessness in the city is the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, which serves Cudahy. Very few homeless persons have been observed in the city. Homeless persons (single males and females) have been found in the Cudahy area along the banks of the Los Angeles River in the City of Bell Gardens and the trash bins at local supermarkets. Homeless persons are encouraged to seek assistance from the Department of Public Social Services on Atlantic Avenue and local community services (Chicana Service Action Center, Human Services Association) in neighboring cities. The Salvation Army operates a shelter 397
291
718
939
491
733
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000
Hearing
Vision
Cognitive
Ambulatory
Self-care
Independent Living

10.7%

3.9%

8.9%

20.8%

10.4%

19.8%

13.1%

6.6%

10.1%

22.9%

10.5%

17.5%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%
Hearing Vision Cognitive Ambulatory Self-care Independent Living
Percent of Senior Population
Cudahy Percent SCAG Region Percent

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located at 1370 Alamitos Avenue in the City of Long Beach. This Salvation Army shelter provides services to an average of 73 people per day. Of this number, approximately 10% are homeless.

The Bell Shelter, located in the City of Bell adjacent to Cudahy, provides transitional housing for women with dependent children. The focus of the shelter’s services is to provide women who are victims of domestic violence with housing while they are making a transition to independent living; the shelter has a 24-bed capacity. The Los Angeles Homeless Service Authority is also a good resource; their mission is “to support, create and sustain solutions to homelessness in Los Angeles County by providing leadership, advocacy, planning, and management of program funding” (http://www.lahsa.org).

Emergency Shelters
Emergency shelters are allowed without discretionary review in the Commercial Mixed Use (C/MU), Civic Mixed Use (Civic/MU), and Entertainment (E) zoning districts. Combined, these zone districts encompass 84.8 acres. The zoning districts identified are located along Atlantic Avenue, the City’s main north/south corridor. The central location of these districts puts potential shelters near the core services and transportation corridor within the city. Services in the immediate area include a large dialysis facility, Kaiser Permanente (non-emergency) medical treatment facility, six clinics or medical facilities, and the County of Los Angeles Department of Public Social Services. Additionally, within the immediate area are seven main Metropolitan Transportation Authority bus lines including routes 111, 260, 315, 361, 611, 612, and 711, as well as the Cudahy Area Rapid Transit (City fixed route). Among the 84.8 acres of land in the three zoning districts, 11.5 acres are vacant. There are 6 large vacant sites (made up of various vacant lots) that range from 5 acres to 0.6 acres. North of Santa Ana Street, the predominant use in these districts is commercial (mostly in the form of large to small shopping centers, individual commercial uses, and motels) and residential (multi-family). South of Santa Ana Street, most buildings in the districts identified are vacant or have older, light industrial uses. As the southern area has transitioned slightly away from its industrial roots, several industrial uses have been repurposed, for example, for a church. The Los Angeles Department of Public Social Services maintains a large office location in this area from which they administer various social service programs for the public.

In addition to the same land use regulations and development standards that apply to all development within the identified districts (e.g., lot size, setbacks, building height, etc.), an emergency shelter proposed in these districts must comply with the following operational use regulations/standards:
• Occupancy. A maximum of 15 beds or persons may be served nightly, with associated support service not open to the public. Any emergency shelter for homeless with greater than 15 beds shall be subject to approval of a conditional use permit consistent with Chapter 20.84 PART 5.
• Hours of Operation. Emergency shelters for homeless providing less than 15 beds are not required to be open 24 hours a day but may be open 24 hours. Clients for emergency

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shelters for homeless shall have a specified check out time as detailed in the management and operation plan but may remain on the premises to utilize on-site services offered. • Length of Stay. The length of stay of an individual client shall not exceed six months within a 12-month period; days of stay need not be consecutive. • Management and Operation Plan. The applicant or operator shall submit a management and operation plan for the emergency shelter for review during the over-the-counter approval process for review and feedback by the Community Development Director or designee in consultation with law enforcement at the time the project is proposed, prior to issuance of permits. If site plan review applies, then the management and operational plan should be submitted and reviewed concurrently with those applications. The plan shall remain active throughout the life of the facility, with any changes subject to review and approval by the Community Development Director or designee in consultation with the chief of police. The plan should be based on "best practices" and include, but not limited to, a security plan, procedures, lists of services, staff training, "good neighbor" communication plan, client transportation and active transportation plan, ratio of staff to clients, client eligibility and intake and check out process, detailed hours of operation, and an ongoing outreach plan to Cudahy homeless population. The city may inspect the facility at any time for compliance with the facility operational plan and other applicable laws and standards.
• Parking. One vehicle parking space shall be provided per five beds. A covered and secured area for bicycle parking shall be provided for use by staff and clients, commensurate with demonstrated need, but no less than a minimum of eight bike parking spaces. • Waiting and Intake Area. A client waiting and intake area shall be provided and contain a minimum of 10 square feet per bed provided at the facility. The client waiting and intake area shall be screened from the public right-of-way by a solid wall of at least six feet in height and shall be sufficient in size to accommodate all persons waiting to enter the facility.
• Support Services. Emergency shelters may also provide the following support services:
o Food preparation and dining areas;
o Laundry facilities;
o Restrooms and showers;
o Areas to secure and store client belongings;
o Indoor and/or outdoor recreational facilities and open space

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o A private area providing referral services to assist shelter clients in entering programs aimed at obtaining permanent shelter and income. Referral services refers to the initial assessment of a homeless client to identify the areas in which assistance is needed and connecting clients with appropriate off-site programs and services depending on their need.
• Restrooms. The number of toilets and showers shall comply with applicable building codes and plumbing codes.
• Trash Enclosure and Loading Zone. Each facility shall have a trash enclosure and loading zone as provided in Chapters 20.20 and 20.28.

Transitional and Supportive Housing
State law (AB 2634 and SB 2) requires local jurisdictions to address the provisions for transitional and supportive housing. Transitional and supportive housing facilities meeting the Government Code Section 65582 definition are considered a residential use and allowed by right in all zones that allow residential uses of the same type, consistent with State law. These facilities are subject to the same development standards and permit processing criteria required for similar uses in the same zones.

HOMELESSNESS
The results of the 2020 Greater Los Angeles homeless count showed 66,436 people in Los Angeles County experiencing homelessness. This represents a 12.7% rise from last year’s point-in-time count. Three years into the 10-year investment from Measure H, LA County’s homeless services system has doubled the number of annual housing placements. Improvements in coordination across agencies through the LAHSA based Housing Central Command have increased the speed of placements. And efforts to protect the most vulnerable people from COVID-19 led to the rapid sheltering of 6,010 people since the March Safer at Home order (4,056 through Project Roomkey, 1,708 in Rec and Parks shelters, and 246 in trailers)—and a goal to move 15,000 of the most vulnerable people experiencing homelessness into housing.

Most of the people experiencing homelessness that the homeless system helps house stay housed. Eighty-eight percent of the people placed in permanent housing through the system in 2018 have not returned to homelessness. In 2019, the rehousing system helped 22,769 people move into permanent housing. And many more people occupy interim housing this year: 18,395 people experiencing homelessness in L.A. County were sheltered, up from 14,722 the previous year, a 25% increase.

Meanwhile, county-wide, 732 new permanent supportive housing units opened in 2019, and thousands more are expected soon, including 2,360 scheduled to open in the next 12 months of a total construction pipeline of 10,638 homes.

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The LAHSA point-in-time homeless data count for the City of Cudahy, indicates that on January 23, 2019, 76 homeless persons were processed, representing only 1% of the total in the Service Planning Area (SPA). The City of Cudahy is located in SPA 7. On January 23, 2020, the number of homeless people processed in the city decreased to 23, which still represents 1% of the total in SPA 7.

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PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
Disabled persons have special needs when it comes to housing and many of the households in the category are occupied by elderly persons. Door frames must be wider to accommodate wheelchairs, ramps instead of stairs are needed, handrails in bathrooms need to be installed, cabinet doors must be accessible, and light switches and other devices also need to be within easy reach. The cost for retrofitting an existing structure may be thousands of dollars and be beyond the reach of those households with lower incomes. The lack of such housing is even more pronounced when it comes to market-rate rental units.

Unless such provisions are made for disabled persons during original construction, such facilities will not likely be provided in a typical rental unit. Senior housing (both owner and rental) generally has many of the features outlined above. The real constraints are associated with the housing for families and working-aged adults. The results of this analysis are summarized below according to three general categories of potential constraints: 1. zoning and land use, 2. permits and processing procedures, and 3. building codes.

Zoning and Land Use: The zoning ordinance does not preclude or restrict the construction of exterior ramps or other improvements (exterior or interior) for disabled persons. The city treats residential care facilities with six or fewer persons as a single-family use. These facilities are allowed in any zone where single-family homes are permitted under state law. The zoning ordinance does identify these facilities as a permitted use. The city’s zoning ordinance also permits reduced off-street parking space requirements for seniors though no such allowance is specifically identified for persons with disabilities.

Permits and Processing Procedures: There are no permit requirements for residential care facilities serving six or fewer persons. Furthermore, there are no special designs or permitting standards that have been established for residential care facilities. The city has no occupancy standards that specifically apply to unrelated adults. Requests to retrofit homes for disabled accessibility or for reasonable accommodation are handled as any other building permit or variance application.

Building Code: Cudahy has adopted the most recent Los Angeles County Code which includes provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act. One provision is that a number of the residential units in new multi-family construction of three or more apartments, or four or more condominiums, must be accessible or adaptable.

HOUSEHOLDS IN NEED OF REASONABLE ACCOMODATION
The most recent 2020Census identified those residents that have one or more disabilities as well as the type of disability. Table 3-4 indicates the number of disabilities by three major age groupings (under 17 years of age. 18 to 64 years of age, and 65 years of age or older). In addition, the table summarizes the types of disabilities for each major age grouping. A single individual within each age grouping may be counted numerous times depending on the types of disability.

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Table 3.5
Estimates Residents with Disabilities 2020
Category and Type of Disability Number of People Percentage of People Persons Under the Age of 17 535 7.9%
Hearing Difficulty 79 1.2%
Vision Difficulty 101 1.5%
Cognitive Difficulty 496 7.3%
Ambulatory Difficulty 311 4.6%
Self-Care Difficulty 333 4.9%
Persons Between Ages 18-64 1,064 7.8%
Hearing Difficulty 179 1.3%
Vision Difficulty 274 2.0%
Cognitive Difficulty 309 2.3%
Ambulatory Difficulty 562 4.1%
Self-Care Difficulty 337 2.5%
Independent Living Difficulty 382 2.8%
Persons 65 years and older 618 58.7%
Hearing Difficulty 198 18.8%
Vision Difficulty 181 17.2%
Cognitive Difficulty 236 22.4%
Ambulatory Difficulty 413 39.3%
Self-Care Difficulty 257 24.4%
Independent Living Difficulty 315 29.9%
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau (2020)

DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
Persons with disabilities in Cudahy face unique problems in obtaining affordable and adequate housing. This segment of the population, which includes individuals with mental, physical, and developmental disabilities need affordable, conveniently located housing which, where necessary, has been specially adapted for wheelchair accessibility, along with other physical needs. The living arrangements for persons with disabilities depend on the severity of the disability. Many persons live at home in an independent environment with the help of other family members. To maintain independent living, disabled persons may require assistance. This can include special housing design features for the physically disabled, income support for those who are unable to work, and in-home supportive services for persons with medical conditions.

Accessible housing can also be provided via senior housing developments. Most persons with disabilities live on an income that is significantly lower than the non-disabled population. Many disabled individuals live on a small, fixed income which severely limits their ability to pay for housing.

The Task Force on Family Diversity estimates that at least one-third of all persons with disabilities in the United States live in poverty. Persons with disabilities have the highest rate of unemployment relative to other groups. For most, their only source of income is a small, fixed pension afforded by Social Security Disability Insurance (SDI), Social Security Insurance (SSI), or Social Security Old Age and Survivor's Insurance (SSA), which will not adequately cover the cost of rent and living expenses even when shared with a roommate. In addition, persons with disabilities oftentimes experience discrimination in hiring and training. When they find work, it tends to be unstable and at low wages.

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The term developmental disability refers to a severe and chronic disability attributable to a mental or physical impairment, such as cerebral palsy (a disability resulting from damage to the brain before, during, or shortly after birth and outwardly manifested by muscular in- coordination and speech disturbances); epilepsy (any of various disorders marked by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain and typically manifested by sudden brief episodes of altered or diminished consciousness, involuntary movements, or convulsions); or autism (a developmental disorder that appears by age three and that is variable in expression but is recognized and diagnosed by impairment of the ability to form normal social relationships, by impairment of the ability to communicate with others, and by stereotyped behavior patterns especially as exhibited by a preoccupation with repetitive activities of restricted focus rather than with flexible and imaginative ones that begins before individuals reach adulthood (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mplusdictionary.html) Table 3.6 Active Consumers by Age Group
Zip Code Age Group 00-17 yrs. Age Group 18-21 yrs. Age Group 22-64 yrs. Age Group 65+ Grand Total 90201 449 75 226 3 753
Job 9001 - Active Consumers In LA, Ventura, San Diego, Orange, Riverside & San Bernardino Counties by Age Group. (based upon CMF created 9/4/13) Mental Disabilities: Based on the most current Census information the city has a total of 964 residents with mental disabilities; 33% are male and 67% are females.

Table 3.7 Mental Disability by Gender
Gender Male Female TOTAL
317 647 964
Percentage 33% 67% 100%
Source: U.S. Census. Bureau; 2017 - 2021 American Community Survey Physical Disabilities: Based on the most current Census information the city has a total of 1,118 residents with physical disabilities; 43% are male and 57% are females.

Table 3.8 Physical Disability by Gender
Gender Male Female TOTAL
478 640 1,118
Percentage 43% 57% 100%
Source: U.S. Census. Bureau ;2017 - 2021 American Community Survey

STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMMATIC RESPONSES TO MEET NEED
Appropriate housing for persons with mental or physical disabilities include very low-cost units in large group home settings (near retail services and public transit), supervised apartment settings with on- or off-site support services, outpatient/day treatment programs, and inpatient/day treatment programs, crisis shelters and transitional housing.

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In 1984, Title 24 of the State Uniform Building Code mandated that all multiple-family residential construction projects containing more than five units under construction after September 15, 1985, would conform to specific disabled adaptability/accessibility regulations. In 1988, the Federal government enacted the U.S. Fair Housing Amendment Act; in part with the intent of increasing the number of rental units being built that would be accessible to handicapped individuals. In July 1993, the State of California issued “California Multifamily Access Requirements” based upon the Act. Unfortunately, the actual increase in the number of handicapped-accessible units available on the current rental market has been small.

The city does not require special building codes or onerous project review to construct, improve, or convert housing for persons with disabilities. Both the federal Fair Housing Act and the California Fair Employment and Housing Act impose an affirmative duty on local governments to make reasonable accommodations (i.e., modifications or exceptions) in their zoning and other land-use regulations when such accommodations may be necessary to afford disabled persons an equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling.

The City also makes rehabilitation funds available to income qualified households for accessibility improvementsthrough its CDBG Program; CDBG funds can be used for a variety of housing efforts including activities aimed at reducing costs, housing acquisition and rehabilitation through short and long-term loans, grants, or loan guarantees; direct payment of rent or mortgage and housing counseling services and fair housing activities.

The housing needs of several other categories of disabled persons, including developmentally disabled persons and the mentally ill are typically not addressed by Title 24 Regulations. The housing needs of persons with these types of disabilities, in addition to basic affordability, range from needing slight modifications of existing units to the need for a variety of supportive housing arrangements. Some of this population can only live successfully in housing which provides a semi-sheltered, semi-independent living state, such as clustered group housing or other groupliving quarters; others can live independently if affordable units are available.

Based on a review of the city's development procedures and policies, no specific constraints were identified other than consideration of reduce parking requirements for group care housing and streamlined review for applications that involve the retrofit of existing units to accommodate reasonable access. In summary, the city's zoning ordinance does not contain any provisions that would preclude the development of housing for handicapped persons. There are no zoning restrictions that would limit the use of ramps, wider doorways, or other features that would be desirable in such units. No additional review or development standards are required for handicapped units beyond that required for all units.

FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS
Female headed households generally refers to those households with a female that is a single parent. Female-headed households tend to have low-incomes, thus limiting housing availability for this group. Female-headed households accounted for 24.5% (1,372 households) of the city's

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total number of households in 2020. An estimated 15.8% of the households in the city (885 households) was female headed with dependent children less than 18 years of age. More significantly, the same census figures for 2020 indicated that 45.1% of the female headed households with dependent children had incomes that were below the poverty level. Thus, providing housing opportunities for this group relates both to affordability and services related to the care of children. This number bares importance in relation to social service needs, such as childcare, recreation programs, and health care, which are of special concern to these households.

Chart 3.3 - Female-Headed Households (ACS 2020)

LARGE FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS
According to the HCD’s definition, the term "large family" refers to a family containing five or more persons. Large family households, containing five or more persons, frequently experience a greater incidence of overcrowding, especially in older units and rental housing. Most rental units in the city contain one or two bedrooms. In addition, landlords may be reluctant to rent smaller units to larger families. Finally, many owner-occupied units are overcrowded (refer to the previous section) due to extended families sharing housing to reduce mortgage or rental costs.

Large families are identified as a group with special housing needs based on the limited availability of adequately sized, affordable housing units. With a median household income of $41,805 (35% lower than the State average), a total of 24.3% of City of Cudahy residents live below the poverty line, almost twice the State average of 13.7%. Taking into consideration the previous statistics, large families often face these conditions, frequently resulting in the overcrowding of smaller dwelling units and in turn accelerating unit deterioration.

Most of the market rate owner-occupied housing constructed during the past ten years had three or more bedrooms. In recent years, few rental units have been constructed in the city with even fewer new rental units containing three or more bedrooms. According to the most recent census, 1,259 units (21.4% of the total housing units in the City) contained five rooms, 397 units (6.8%) contained six rooms, and 181 units (3.1%) have seven or more rooms. 5601

24.5%; 1372

15.8%; 885

1.4%; 76
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Total Households
Total FHH
FHH w/children
FHH w/children under 6
Percent of total househods; Number of households

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Large Families (those containing five or more persons) are overwhelmingly residing in renter units at 83%.

Table 3.9 Tenure by Large Families
Tenure Owner Renter TOTAL
Family with >5 persons 364 1,723 2,087
Percentage 17% 83% 100%
Source: U.S. Census. Bureau; 2017 - 2021 American Community Survey

OVERCROWDING
Overcrowded housing is defined by the U.S. Census as units with more than one inhabitant per room, excluding kitchen and bathrooms. Overcrowding usually occurs because of high housing costs, such that families double-up or reside in smaller units to devote income to other basic necessities such as food and medical fees.

Of the occupied housing units in the city identified in the 2020 Census, 1,428 units were identified as being overcrowded (25.3% of the City’s total number of occupied units) and 534 units (9.5% of the total occupied units in the city) were identified as being severely overcrowded.

ELDERLY HOUSEHOLDS
Escalating housing costs, particularly in the rental market, severely impact housing affordability for the elderly who usually have fixed incomes. The housing needs of the elderly can be addressed through the provision of smaller units, congregate housing, and rental and rehabilitation assistance programs. The special needs of many elderly households often are a result of lower (and fixed) incomes, physical disabilities, and dependence needs. As indicated in a previous section, approximately 5.1% of the City’s population was 65 years of age or older. In 2010, there were 909 households (16.8%) with individuals 65 years of age or olde r.

Within those 909 elderly households, 217 of those households contained a single individual while 692 households contained two or more persons.

Elderly householders are predominately residing in renter units at 65% Table 3.10 Tenure by Elderly Households
Tenure Owner Renter TOTAL
208 388 596
Percentage 35% 65% 100%
Source: U.S. Census. Bureau ;2017-2021 American Community Survey

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FARMWORKERS
The special housing needs of many farm workers stem from their low wages and the seasonal nature of their employment. Most of the Cudahy residents work in the Los Angeles-Long Beach Metropolitan area in non-agricultural occupations. The 2020 census identified 37 persons employed in the agricultural, forestry, and fishing sector. These persons are likely to be employed in nurseries, stables, and not in traditional agricultural production. The demand for housing generated by farm workers in the city is thus estimated to be extremely low.

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4 Land Inventory
This section assesses the housing development potential in Cudahy during the 2021-2029 Housing Element planning period. The purpose is to determine the quantity of land available to accommodate the City’s RHNA. The RHNA is broken down by income group into four categories:

Very Low (less than 50% of the Area Median income (AMI)), Low (50-80% of AMI), Moderate (80- 120% of AMI), and High (over 120% of AMI). While a jurisdiction must show that it has adequate sites in total to meet its RHNA, it must also show that it can meet the allocation at each of these income categories.

4.1 HOUSING INVENTORY
The State requires that a Housing Element identify how much housing can be constructed to accommodate the community’s RHNA. Section 65583(a)(3) of the California Government Code states that this inventory must be site specific to help localities determine the appropriate zoning, development standards, and infrastructure capacity to accommodate the new construction needed. The Code also requires that all land identified must be available for residential use in the planning period. Sites that require rezoning may be included in the inventory if actions are taken to address the rezoning early in the planning period.

The types of sites that are appropriate for residential development include:
• Vacant residentially zoned sites.
• Vacant non-residentially zoned sites that allow residential development. • Underutilized residentially zoned sites capable of being developed at a higher density or with greater intensity; and
• Non-residentially zoned sites that can be redeveloped for, and/or rezoned for, residential use (via program actions, such as rezoning).

REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ALLOCATION (RHNA)
This Housing Element addresses the RHNA for two planning periods:
• The current RHNA (6
th Cycle) planning period which spans 2021-2029
• The lower-income RHNA (referred to as the unaccommodated RHNA or rollover RHNA) from the previous (5
th Cycle) planning period (2014-2021)

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The unaccommodated 5
th cycle RHNA from 2014-2021 rolled over and is added to the current planning period because HCD found that the city did not make adequate sites available to accommodate the RHNA during the 5
th cycle RHNA planning period.

Table 4.1Regional Housing Needs Allocation
Affordability Level
(AMI: Area Median Income)
RHNA
(2014-2021)
Unaccommodated
RHNA (2008-2013)
Total
Extremely and Very Low-Income (0-50% AMI) 80 154 234
Low-Income (51-80% AMI) 46 - 46
Moderate-Income (81- 120% AMI) 51 - 51
Above Moderate- Income (121%+ AMI) 141 - 141
Total 318 154 472

SITES INVENTORY ASSUMPTIONS
Realistic Capacity
Consistent with HCD Guidelines, the methodology for determining realistic capacity on each identified site must account for land use controls and site improvements. The Cudahy General Plan and Development Code establish three residential and two mixed-use land use categories to provide housing opportunities for all household income ranges. A realistic density calculation of 60 percent of the maximum density has been applied to the residential and mixed-use sites.

The 60 percent realistic capacity figure is consistent with the realistic development scenario in the General Plan Land Use Element. Overall, the use of expected densities provides a very realistic, and perhaps somewhat conservative approach, as developments in Cudahy can achieve much higher densities through development at maximum density.

ZONING APPROPRIATE TO ACCOMMODATE HOUSING FOR LOWER-INCOME

HOUSEHOLDS
Higher density residential and mixed-use zones provide the potential for lower construction cost because of economies of scale created and are therefore most suitable for development of housing affordable to very low-income and low-income households. The California Government Code states that if a local government has adopted density standards consistent with the population-based criteria set by State law (at least 20 units/acre for the City of Cudahy), State HCD is obligated to accept sites with those density standards (20 units/acre or higher) as appropriate for accommodating the jurisdiction’s share of regional housing need for lowerincome households. The capacity of sites that allow development densities of at least 20 units/acre are credited toward the lower-income RHNA, pursuant to State law. Per Government Code Section 65583.2(c)(3)(B), the Medium Density Residential (MDR), High Density Residential (HDR), and mixed-use designations are consistent with the default density standard for Cudahy.

Therefore, capacity on sites with these designations is credited towards the lower-income RHNA

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categories. Sites designated for single-family uses (15 units/acre) are credited towards the above moderate-income RHNA.

SITE SUITABILITY
Site identification criteria were used to ensure the inclusion of sites with a high potential for redevelopment based on size, location, current uses, and allowed densities. • Capacity: The Sites Inventory includes both vacant and underutilized sites. Underutilized sites are parcels that are currently developed at less than the maximum permitted density. Many of these sites are in areas intended for high-density development, yet the sites are developed at significantly lower densities. Identified underutilized sites included in this inventory have a realistic capacity of at least two times the existing use. • Size and location: Development of parcels of at least one-half acre in size is desirable in terms of construction economies and effective use of State or federal grants. However, in older cities, the subdivision pattern has resulted in many lots less than one-half acre in size. Vacant sites of all sizes are included in the inventory as they present opportunities for consolidation into larger developments. Underutilized sites in the inventory are limited to a minimum size of one-half acre and a location adjacent to other underutilized or vacant sites to accommodate lot consolidation.
• Potential for redevelopment: In 2018, new General Plan Land Use designations were developed, allowing for higher density development in residential areas and identifying new areas for mixed-use development with higher residential densities. The city completed a concurrent Development Code and Zoning Map update to provide zoning districts consistent with the new General Plan. These changes significantly increased allowable densities in residential and mixed-use areas and is expected to provide more incentive to recycle underutilized and deteriorating property. In single-family residential areas, allowable density has been increased from nine units per acre to 15 units per acre.

In the Medium Density and High-Density Residential areas, allowable densities have more than doubled (from 12 units per acre to 25 units per acre and from 16 units per acre to 40 units per acre, respectively). The density increases reflect development trends in the residential areas and are expected to produce additional housing to address severe deficiency between the number of residents and number of available housing units in the city. Recent residential development in the city consists of the construction of additional dwelling units, ADU’s, and recycling of single-family structures on large lots to higherdensity residential developments. With allowable density increases across all residential land use categories and with most of the city zoned for high density residential uses, the recycling of land to higher uses is expected to continue.

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SITES INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS
The sites inventory included in this section is divided into two parts. The first part presents sites to address the city’s unaccommodated RHNA from the 5th cycle planning period (2014-2021) consistent with State law (Government Code Section 65584.09). The second part of the inventory presents sites to address the City’s current 6
th cycle (2021-2029) RHNA. The inventories are
presented separately to facilitate tracking of sites throughout the planning period and due to the different criteria each inventory must address under housing element law. The requirement to identify sites for the unaccommodated RHNA is in addition to the requirement to identify sites for the current cycle RHNA. The City may not count capacity on the same sites for both planning periods (RHNA cycles) (Government Code 65584.09[b]). Together, the inventories show sufficient capacity to address the City’s current and previous RHNA.

The City’s land inventory was developed by a combination of methods, among them, utilizing data available from the city and the LA County Assessor’s Parcel Maps, a review of aerial maps, and most importantly, through field work. The Sites Inventory and Analysis lists properties by parcel number or other unique reference, showing for each parcel: size, zone, General Plan and zoning designation, existing use, maximum allowable density, and number of units that can be accommodated in each site (realistic capacity). In addition, the lot consolidation potential and any constraints to development are also listed.

Sites for the current and unaccommodated previous cycle RHNA are shown on Table 4.3 and Figure 4.1.

UNACCOMODATED RHNA (5th Cycle, 2013-2021)
Because HCD found that the city did not make adequate sites available to accommodate the RHNA in the previous planning period, Government Code Section 65584.09 requires the identification or, if necessary, rezoning of sites to address the unaccommodated lower-income RHNA from the previous planning period. The City of Cudahy must carry over 154 lower-income units from the 2013-2021 RHNA.

Unaccommodated RHNA Site Requirements
Housing Element Law (Government Code 65583.2[h]) requires that jurisdictions accommodate all the lower-income, unaccommodated RHNA on sites that are zoned to permit owner-occupied and rental multifamily residential use by right (as defined in Government Code 65583.2[i]) during the planning period. These sites must permit at least 16 units per site at a density of at least 20 units per acre. At least half of the very low- and low-income housing must be accommodated on sites designated for residential use and for which nonresidential uses or mixed-uses are not permitted, except that a city or county may accommodate all the very low- and low-income housing need on sites designated for mixed uses if those sites allow 100 percent residential use and require that residential use occupy 50 percent of the total floor area of a mixed-use project.

The unaccommodated RHNA (2013-2021) sites inventory is limited to sites that meet these criteria. All sites in the unaccommodated RHNA inventory are zoned for High Density Residential,

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which allows residential uses by right, and allow a minimum density of 20 units per acre and a maximum density of 40 units per acre. The minimum site capacity is 16 units (based on realistic capacity, not maximum capacity, which is much higher).

Actual Units Constructed Since 2015
Table 4.2 – Housing Units by Construction Year
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Unit Type 2 2 11
ADUs
Condominiums
Townhomes 20 6
Apartments 6 48
Residential
Conversions 5 82
3 Single-Family
Residential 4 11
TOTAL 9 9 0 26 53 11 11
GRAND TOTAL 119
Between 2015 and 2021, the City of Cudahy issued 119 building permits for residential construction /conversion. The 53 units constructed in 2019 was the largest over the seven-year period, and apartments (48) was the highest category. In contrast, there were zero building permits issued for residential construction in 2017, and the largest number of townhomes built (20) was in 2018.

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CITY OF CUDAHY 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE
Table 4.2 Sites Inventory Table
Parcel
Number Size (acres)
General Plan
Designation Zoning Existing Use
Max.

Density
(du/acre
)
Realistic
Capacity
(units)
Affordabilit
y Level
(based on
density)
Lot
Consolidation
Potential
Environmental
or
Infrastructure
Constraints
Unaccommodated 2008-2013 RHNA Sites
622400301
6 0.94
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
4 Dwelling
Units 40 23
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622400401
5 0.70
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
5 Dwelling
Units 40 17
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622400602
8 0.68
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
4 Dwelling
Units 40 16
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622401701
7 0.94
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
5 Dwelling
Units 40 23
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622501901
0 0.78
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
5 Dwelling
Units 40 19
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622600900
4 0.93
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
7 Dwelling
Units 40 22
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622600900
9 0.73
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
5 Dwelling
Units 40 18
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622601001
5 0.74
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential 1 SFR 40 18
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622601401
5 0.81
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
5 Dwelling
Units 40 20
Very
Low/Low No
622601403
0 0.65
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential 1 SFR 40 16
Very
Low/Low No
622601403
1 0.91
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential 1 SFR 40 22
Very
Low/Low No

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CITY OF CUDAHY 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE
Table 4.2 Sites Inventory Table
Parcel
Number Size (acres)
General Plan
Designation Zoning Existing Use
Max.

Density
(du/acre
)
Realistic
Capacity
(units)
Affordabilit
y Level
(based on
density)
Lot
Consolidation
Potential
Environmental
or
Infrastructure
Constraints
622602001
5 0.93
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential 1 SFR 40 22
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622602100
6 0.75
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
6 Dwelling
Units 40 18
Very
Low/Low Yes No
2014-2021 RHNA Sites
622400301
2 0.58
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
2 Dwelling
Units 40 14
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622400400
9 0.94
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
11 Dwelling
Units 40 23
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622400402
5 0.23
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential Vacant 40 6
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622401000
1 0.94
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
11 Dwelling
Units 40 23
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622401701
0 0.23
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential Vacant 40 6
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622401805
4 1.22
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
14 Dwelling
Units 40 29
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622501902
1 0.90
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
10 Dwelling
Units 40 22
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622502805
4 0.93
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
10 Dwelling
Units 40 22
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622600802
3 0.22
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential Vacant 40 5
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622601490
0 0.47
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential Vacant 40 11
Very
Low/Low No

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CITY OF CUDAHY 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE
Table 4.2 Sites Inventory Table
Parcel
Number Size (acres)
General Plan
Designation Zoning Existing Use
Max.

Density
(du/acre
)
Realistic
Capacity
(units)
Affordabilit
y Level
(based on
density)
Lot
Consolidation
Potential
Environmental
or
Infrastructure
Constraints
622601490
1 0.46
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential Vacant 40 11
Very
Low/Low No
622602003
9 0.92
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
10 Dwelling
Units 40 22
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622602101
2 0.93
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
10 Dwelling
Units 40 22
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622602402
0 0.93
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
10 Dwelling
Units 40 22
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622602500
6 0.52
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential
3 Dwelling
Units 40 13
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622603103
0 0.83
High Density
Residential
High
Density
Residential Vacant 40 20
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622400700
2 0.94
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential
7 Dwelling
Units 25 14
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622400700
9 0.59
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential
Commercial
Industrial Use 25 9
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622400780
0 0.78
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential
Commercial
Industrial Use 25 12
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622400780
1 0.93
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential
Commercial
Industrial Use 25 14
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622401390
2 0.10
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential Vacant 25 2
Very
Low/Low No
622600690
1 0.07
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential Vacant 25 1
Very
Low/Low No

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Table 4.2 Sites Inventory Table
Parcel
Number Size (acres)
General Plan
Designation Zoning Existing Use
Max.

Density
(du/acre
)
Realistic
Capacity
(units)
Affordabilit
y Level
(based on
density)
Lot
Consolidation
Potential
Environmental
or
Infrastructure
Constraints
622600700
3 0.18
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential Vacant 25 3
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622601701
0 0.93
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential
5 Dwelling
Units 25 14
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622601702
9 0.14
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential Vacant 25 2
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622601802
5 0.18
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential Vacant 25 3
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622602700
8 0.90
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential
5 Dwelling
Units 25 13
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622602700
9 0.80
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential
4 Dwelling
Units 25 12
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622602701
0 0.79
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential
2 Dwelling
Units 25 12
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622602701
1 0.78
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential
4 Dwelling
Units 25 12
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622602900
6 0.94
Med Density
Residential
Med
Density
Residential
5 Dwelling
Units 25 14
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622501800
9 0.08
Mixed Use/
Commercial
Mixed Use/
Commercia
l Vacant
40 du/ac
(MU)/30
du/ac
(Res) 1
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622501801
0 0.26
Mixed Use/
Commercial
Mixed Use/
Commercia
l Vacant
40 du/ac
(MU)/30
du/ac
(Res) 4
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622501801
1 0.39
Mixed Use/
Commercial
Mixed Use/
Commercia
l Vacant
40 du/ac
(MU)/30 7
Very
Low/Low Yes No

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Table 4.2 Sites Inventory Table
Parcel
Number Size (acres)
General Plan
Designation Zoning Existing Use
Max.

Density
(du/acre
)
Realistic
Capacity
(units)
Affordabilit
y Level
(based on
density)
Lot
Consolidation
Potential
Environmental
or
Infrastructure
Constraints
du/ac
(Res)
622602290
0 0.03
Mixed Use/
Commercial
Mixed Use/
Commercia
l Vacant
40 du/ac
(MU)/30
du/ac
(Res) 1
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622602290
1 0.20
Mixed Use/
Commercial
Mixed Use/
Commercia
l Vacant
40 du/ac
(MU)/30
du/ac
(Res) 3
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622602290
2 0.17
Mixed Use/
Commercial
Mixed Use/
Commercia
l Vacant
40 du/ac
(MU)/30
du/ac
(Res) 3
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622602290
3 0.19
Mixed Use/
Commercial
Mixed Use/
Commercia
l Vacant
40 du/ac
(MU)/30
du/ac
(Res) 3
Very
Low/Low Yes No
622401500
2 0.47
Single Family
Residential
Single
Family
Residential Vacant 15 4
Above
Moderate No
622403280
0 0.22
Single Family
Residential
Single
Family
Residential Vacant 15 2
Above
Moderate Yes No
622501002
5 0.22
Single Family
Residential
Single
Family
Residential Vacant 15 2
Above
Moderate No
622501100
6 0.22
Single Family
Residential
Single
Family
Residential Vacant 15 2
Above
Moderate No
622502501
4 0.13
Single Family
Residential
Single
Family
Residential Vacant 15 1
Above
Moderate No
622502600
2 0.44
Single Family
Residential
Single
Family
Residential Vacant 15 4
Above
Moderate Yes No

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Table 4.2 Sites Inventory Table
Parcel
Number Size (acres)
General Plan
Designation Zoning Existing Use
Max.

Density
(du/acre
)
Realistic
Capacity
(units)
Affordabilit
y Level
(based on
density)
Lot
Consolidation
Potential
Environmental
or
Infrastructure
Constraints
622502600
3 0.44
Single Family
Residential
Single
Family
Residential Vacant 15 4
Above
Moderate Yes No
622502600
9 0.08
Single Family
Residential
Single
Family
Residential Vacant 15 1
Above
Moderate Yes No
622502601
0 0.10
Single Family
Residential
Single
Family
Residential Vacant 15 1
Above
Moderate Yes No
622502601
3 0.54
Single Family
Residential
Single
Family
Residential
Commercial
Industrial Use 15 5
Above
Moderate Yes No
Notes:

Realistic Capacity: A realistic density calculation of 60 percent of the maximum density has been applied to the residential and mixed-use sites consistent with the realistic development scenario in the General Plan Land Use Element.

Mixed Use: Capacity calculations for Mixed Use – Commercial sites assumes 40% of site development with mixed uses (commercial and residential) and 40% of site development with exclusively residential uses all at 60 percent of the maximum density consistent with the realistic development scenario in the General Plan Land Use Element.

November 2020

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CITY OF CUDAHY 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE
Figure 4-1 Sites Inventory Map

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Unaccommodated RHNA Sites Summary
The 2013-2021 rollover RHNA sites inventory included in this Housing Element identifies capacity for 254 units, thus exceeding the required rollover of 154 units, and all sites are suitable for development of lower-income housing and comply with the unaccommodated RHNA requirements set forth in Government Code 65583.2(h). The 2013-2021 sites inventory is made up of 13 sites zoned for high-density residential development up to 40 units per acre. The sites range from approximately two-thirds of an acre to just under one acre in size. Total realistic capacity on these sites is 254 units, with individual site capacity ranging from 16 to 23 units. All sites have a realistic capacity of at least three times the existing use. Several sites are developed with one residential unit and provide the opportunity for at least a 16-fold increase in capacity.

If developed at the maximum density, these unaccommodated RHNA sites can provide significantly more housing units. There are no identified constraints on these sites that would prevent development or reuse during this Housing Element period.

RHNA (6th Cycle, 2021-2029)
The housing sites inventory for the current (2021-2029) RHNA consists of a mix of vacant and underutilized land, as detailed in Table 4.2 and Figure 4.1, and summarized in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3: 2014-2021 RHNA Sites Capacity (Units)
Site Affordability Level
Site Type Extremely
and Very
LowIncome (0-
50% AMI)
LowIncome
(51-80%
AMI)
ModerateIncome
(81- 120%
AMI)
Above
ModerateIncome
(121%+
AMI)
Total
Vacant 92 -- -- 21 113
Underutilized 338 -- -- 5 343
Total 430 -- -- 26 456
The inventory of vacant residential and mixed-use land in Cudahy totals 6.8 acres. Most vacant sites identified in the inventory allow densities above 20 units per acre and are credited towards the lower-income RHNA. These vacant properties, identified in Table 4.2, have the potential to yield 113 units, 92 of which can facilitate lower-income housing, as defined by state law.

The inventory of underutilized residential land in Cudahy totals 17.7 acres. Most underutilized sites identified in the inventory allow densities above 20 units per acre and are credited towards the lower-income RHNA. These properties, identified in Table 4.3, have the potential to yield 343 units, 338 of which can facilitate lower-income housing, as defined by state law. As stated previously, all underutilized sites in the inventory have a minimum size of one-half acre and are located adjacent to other underutilized or vacant sites to accommodate lot consolidation. All the

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identified underutilized sites included in this inventory also have a realistic capacity of more than double the currently developed uses.

ADEQUACY OF SITES TO MEET THE RHNA
The sites inventory for both RHNA planning periods indicates a capacity for 710 units, 684 (96 percent) of which occur on sites suitable for development of lower-income housing. Overall, Cudahy can adequately accommodate and exceed the previous (2008-2013) and current (2013- 2023) RHNA. Table 4-4 summarizes the RHNA status.

Table 4.4: Comparison of Sites Inventory and RHNA
Affordability Level (Based on Density)
Extremely
and Very
LowIncome (0-
50% AMI)
LowIncome
(51-80%
AMI)
ModerateIncome
(81- 120%
AMI)
Above
ModerateIncome
(121%+
AMI)
Total
Previous (2008-2013) RHNA Sites (units)
Vacant Sites - - -
Underutilized Sites 254 - 254
Total Sites 254 - 254
RHNA 154 - 154
Redistributed Surplus/Shortfall of
Units (+/-)
+100 - +100
Previous (2014-2021) RHNA Sites (units)
Vacant Sites 92 - - 21 113
Underutilized Sites 338 - - 5 343
Total Sites 430 - - 26 456
RHNA 80 46 51 141 318
Redistributed Surplus/Shortfall of
Units (+/-)
+138 +138
Current (2021-2019) RHNA Sites (units)
Vacant Sites 92
Underutilized Sites 338
Total Sites 430
RHNA 80 36 53 224 393
Redistributed Surplus/Shortfall of
Units (+/-)
+119 +119

4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRAINTS
Environmental factors, such as topography, soils, landslides and seismic hazards, and noise, as well as the lack of infrastructure, such as roads, water, and sewer lines, are constraints to housing development in the city. However, most of the potential housing sites identified by the city are not constrained by environmental factors or by lack of adequate infrastructure, with the exceptions of earthquake, ground shaking which affects the entire region and poor water

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infrastructure provided by Tract 180 Water Company. The General Plan has taken these environmental factors into account. Where development is planned, any site that remains can be mitigated through appropriate design and environmental planning.

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The City of Cudahy is a relatively new city having only incorporated in the 1960s. At the time of incorporation, more than 80% of the city’s total land area was developed. In terms of land area, Cudahy is one of the smallest cities in Los Angeles County with only 1.07 square miles. Despite its relatively small land area, Cudahy is home to 23,805 residents according to the most recent DOF estimates. The City’s relatively large population given its small geographic area makes it one of the most densely populated communities in California.

A great majority of the city consists of residential land uses with residential neighborhoods accounting for approximately 394-acres of land or 51.5% of the total land area of Cudahy. An industrial area is in the southernmost portion of the city on both the west and east sides of Atlantic Avenue. Industrial land uses account for approximately 79-acres of land or 12.3% of the City’s total land area. Commercial land uses are located along the major roadways such as Atlantic Avenue and at key intersections and account for approximately 43-acres of land or 6.7% of the total City’s total land area.

NOISE
Cudahy is in an area where the ambient noise levels are relatively high. A citywide noise inventory performed in May 2013, found that virtually all the neighborhoods in Cudahy are in areas where noise levels exceed 65 dBA. The city’s noise environment is not expected to significantly change over time since the primary factors contributing to noise, namely the arterial roadway and freeway traffic and nearby industrial uses, will have a continued presence in the city. State noise guidelines recommend locating residential development in areas exposed to ambient outdoor noise levels no greater than 65 A-weighted decibels (dBA).

GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS
No known earthquake faults traverse Cudahy and the City is not exposed to natural environmental hazards such as flooding, slope erosion and landslides. However, the city is located within an area that is subject to liquefaction hazards. The city is located within the dam inundation area of the Garvey Reservoir in Monterey Park.

The nearest major river is the Los Angeles River. This River does have a potential impact on the City of Cudahy. Normally this river channel is dry and only carries a significant water flow during a major rainstorm. The river channel is part of the County Flood Control District, and the City is

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protected by a levee wall.

City of Cudahy, like most of the Los Angeles Basin, lie over the area of one or more known earthquake faults, and potentially many more unknown faults, particularly so-called lateral or blind thrust faults.

The major faults that have the potential to affect the greater Los Angeles Basin, and therefore the City of Cudahy are the:

Norwalk
Raymond Hill
Malibu Coast-Santa Monica-Hollywood
San Andreas
Newport-Inglewood
San Fernando
Sierra Madre
Whittier
The Los Angeles Basin has a history of powerful and relatively frequent earthquakes, dating back to the powerful 8.0+ 1857 San Andreas Earthquake which did substantial damage to the relatively few buildings that existed at the time. Paleoseismological research indicates that large (8.0+) earthquakes occur on the San Andreas fault at intervals between 45 and 332 years with an average interval of 140 years. Other lesser faults have also caused very damaging earthquakes since 1857. Notable earthquakes include the 1933 Long Beach Earthquake, the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake, the 1987 Whittier Earthquake, and the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. In addition, many areas in the Los Angeles Basin have sandy soils that are subject to liquefaction, including in the City of Cudahy.

ROADS
The transportation system in Cudahy consists of a roadway network dominated by Atlantic Avenue, collector streets, and local streets. The Long Beach Freeway (State Route-710) is located just east of Cudahy. Also, the City's central location in Los Angeles County provides Cudahy with easy access to most parts of the Southern California region. Local circulation within the city generally follows a grid pattern; except for Atlantic Avenue which extends in a north-south orientation at a slight angle and Salt Lake Avenue which follows the curve of the railroad tracks.

Atlantic Avenue is a regional highway that extends north to Alhambra and south to Long Beach.

Traffic volumes on most City streets are currently approaching or are at capacity.

Regional access to the city is provided by the Long Beach Freeway (I-710) that extends along the City's eastern border. Access to this freeway is provided by Florence Avenue (north of Cudahy) and Firestone Boulevard (south of Cudahy), both being major arterials located just outside the city. Florence Avenue is a major roadway that provides a connection to the Long Beach Freeway for the neighboring communities of Downey, Bell, and Bell Gardens. With local freeway access

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largely dependent on Florence Avenue, the traffic on this roadway during peak hours is congested. Local access to Florence Avenue is provided by Wilcox Avenue and Atlantic Avenue and access to Firestone Boulevard is provided by Atlantic Avenue. The transportation system framework within Cudahy is largely defined by Atlantic Avenue which is a major north/south arterial that extends through the city. Other north/south roadways include Salt Lake Avenue, Wilcox Avenue, and Otis Avenue which also provide access to neighboring cities. Clara Street and Santa Ana Street are two primary east/west roadways. Aside from Atlantic Avenue and Santa Ana Street (west of Atlantic Avenue), all the streets in the city consist of two travel lanes.

All the potential housing sites identified are infill sites located in existing built-out areas of the city, and all have adequate road accesses (ingress and egress).

ASSESSMENT OF SEWER AND WATER
The City of Cudahy is served by three water agencies, including Tract 349 Mutual Water Company, Tract 180 Mutual Water Company, and Golden State Water Company. Tract 349 Mutual Water Company serves the west side of Atlantic; Tract 180 Mutual Water Company serves the east side of Atlantic, and Golden State Water Company serves the southeast portion of the city. Water for all three water companies comes from a series of groundwater wells throughout the Central Basin.

Tract 349 Mutual Water Company currently has plans to replace one of the existing groundwater wells. Although the location of the new well has not yet been determined, it will be located at one of the two existing well locations
Tract 180 Mutual Water Company has identified deficiencies within the water system along Clara Street, Elizabeth Street, Cecelia Street Park Avenue, and Atlantic Avenue, and along the east side of Live Oak Avenue. Proposed improvements include upsizing water lines throughout the service area. The water lines on Atlantic Avenue that range in size from 10” to 14” will be replaced with lines ranging in size from 10” to 12”. Tract 180 is currently addressing the deficiencies in the water system along Clara Street. Phase Two of the Clara Street Pipe Replacement Project is under construction. In addition, the Elizabeth Street Pipe Replacement Project is currently in the process of securing funds for the project.

Golden State Water Company (Golden State Water) provides water services to the east portion of the city east of Wilcox Avenue. Currently, no deficiencies exist within Golden State Water’s jurisdiction. Increases in land use density from new developments/redevelopments will require fire flow tests as mandated by the LA Fire Department. Golden State Water has since implemented the Unidirectional Flushing (UDF) program to mitigate iron and manganese levels within the water supply.

Water use would be expected to rise with the anticipated increase in population under the General Plan Update. However, the expansion in conservation practices such as low water use gardening and use of recycled water would likely dampen demand somewhat. Also, the increase in mixed-use and multi-family housing units typically results in lower household water use as

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lawn and garden irrigation practices are less necessary than in single family homes. Low water use practices are common in the Southern California region and are consistent with the General Plan Update policies.

The sewer system is managed by the City’s Public Works Department. The local sewage is discharged into a larger system (County of Los Angeles Consolidated Sewer District) managed by the Los Angeles County Sanitation District (LACSD) which provides both primary and secondary treatment of all City of Cudahy sewage flows while Los Angeles County Department of Public Works (County DPW) maintains all city-owned collection systems. The field operation and maintenance services are fulfilled by utilizing the services provided by the Consolidated Sewer Maintenance District (CSMD) managed by the County DPW. Approximately 14.2 miles of sanitary sewer collection facilities serve customers in the city. The city is responsible for ensuring that the public sewer infrastructure is correctly designed, adequately sized, and easily maintainable. The CSMD also provides a supporting role in reviewing all proposed sewer plans for new developments in the city to ensure that they conform to County design standards and particularly to ensure that district’s requirements for acceptability for maintenance. Results from the inspection of 74,557 feet of the City’s sewer system determined that 88 percent of the system is free from structural defects. The remaining 12 percent of the pipe segments were placed on a priority list based on the severity and the need for action. Since the 2013 SCAR, all segments on the priority list have been repaired as of April 2016.

The anticipated population increase in Cudahy (because of General Plan land use policies) would likely increase the amount of wastewater delivered to the treatment facility. Given a projected Year 2040 population of 30,607, this would result in a generation of 2.26 million gallons per day (mgd) of wastewater (an increase of about 0.5 million gallons per day (gpd). This increase represents less than one percent of the remaining capacity at the Joint Water Pollution Control Plant in Carson.

Water Sewer Priority
In accordance with Government Code Section 65589.7, immediately following City Council adoption, the City must deliver to all public agencies or private entities that provide water or sewer services to properties within the City of Cudahy a copy of the 2021-2029 Housing Element.

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5 Resources and Constraints
The availability of financing resources from federal, State, and local sources, as well as private lenders and non-profit organizations, is essential to the construction and rehabilitation of housing. The success of housing projects is also affected by governmental constraints (such as land use controls and development fees) and non-governmental constraints (such as housing market situation and environmental constraints). These factors will be discussed in this chapter.

Housing Constraints indicates those environmental factors, governmental factors, and market factors that could impede the development of new housing.

5.1 FINANCING AND SUBSIDY SOURCES
Federal, State, and local agencies provide a wide range of resources to help support the construction, acquisition, and rehabilitation of housing units for lower-income households in Cudahy. Many of these resources are made available to local tenants, owners, and developers of affordable housing through City and County programs and services. Although there is a wide range of programs, the availability of funding through these programs is typically inadequate to satisfy all needs. As a result, there is a fair amount of competition for program funds that are available, and any one development may need to draw upon multiple resources to be financially feasible.

FEDERAL RESOURCES
The federal government offers a wide variety of resource related housing assistance. The mortgage interest deduction and the real estate tax deduction are just two of the most common choices for homeowners provided through the income tax code. The deductions promote homeownership and reduce tax liabilities for home-owning taxpayers. Moreover, the deductions are used widely and expansively across the nation. Among the states, California has the highest amount of mortgage interest and real estate tax deducted every year.

Aside from tax of mortgage deductions, the federal government provided housing assistance to California jurisdictions through several programs. Like State programs, federal programs often change in terms of program details, application procedures, and amount of subsidy dollars available. For detailed descriptions, current subsidy levels, and up-to-date application procedures, refer to program literature available online from HUD at http://www.hud.gov.

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Some of the largest programs, based on current funding levels include:

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT (CDBG)
The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), a longstanding program of HUD funds local community development activities such as affordable housing, anti-poverty programs, and infrastructure development. Cities with populations over 50,000 receive CDBG funds directly from HUD while smaller cities apply directly to the County or State for a portion of the funding that is allocated and administered by those entities. HUD makes allocations based on a formula that takes population, poverty, and housing distress into account. CDBG funds can be used for a variety of housing efforts including activities aimed at reducing costs for private development (helping fund site acquisition, improvements, and other soft cost); housing acquisition and rehabilitation through short and long-term loans, grants, or loan guarantees; direct payment of rent or mortgage and housing counseling services; activities relating to energy conservation and renewable energy resources; and fair housing activities. CDBG funds are best used in combination with other subsidy sources or to provide predevelopment funding to initiate housing development.

The City shall continue housing programs on housing development, infrastructure, rehabilitation, and job development, as allowed by the CDBG program. The city currently uses its CDBG moneys for the Home Improvement program, Business assistance program, fair housing foundation services, code enforcement, senior nutrition program, food distribution programs and the development of public facilities. It shall coordinate with the County Housing Authority in implementing programs outlined in the Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) for Los Angeles County. The City shall prepare a brochure outlining available housing assistance and rehabilitation programs in the City. The city is not applying for other federal programs, although it has evaluated potential participation in the HOME, HOPE, and other housing loan programs of HUD. It shall distribute these to property owners and make them available at City Hall. The brochure shall encourage residents to participate in the Section 8 housing assistance payments program and the housing voucher program through the Los Angeles County Housing Authority.

The program is ongoing under the Community Development Department and is financed by the General Fund.

5.2 GOVERNMENT CONSTRAINTS ON HOUSING PRODUCTION
It is in the public interest for the government to regulate land use and building standards to protect the general welfare of the community. On the other hand, stringent regulations, processing fees and lengthy procedures can potentially deter private enterprises from developing housing. The City of Cudahy regulates the use of land within the city limits through General Plan, the Zoning Ordinance, and building codes and standards.

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GOVERNMENTAL CONSTRAINTS
Public constraints, such as land use and development controls, site improvement fees, and development permits, affect the supply, distribution, and cost of housing. Although often unpopular, these controls are necessary to protect the community's health, safety, and welfare.

Building codes and other development requirements can influence the cost of housing. Key development standards that could add to the cost of housing development and the City’s response include the following:

The City has adopted the 2013 California Building Code as amended by the 2014 Los Angeles County Building Code by reference that establishes minimum construction standards. The City’s existing development requirements included in the Zoning Ordinance and Building Code do not include any architectural standards that would add to the cost of new housing development. In addition, there are no unique open space, parking, or Mello-Roos fee requirements that are applicable to new developments outside of what is standard throughout the region. The only local amendment to the building code adopted by the City is in reference to identifying the Planning Commission as the building Board of Appeals.

Code Enforcement site visits are typically complaint driven. The City of Cudahy also maintains several programs that property owners may take advantage of if their units are found to be substandard. Code Enforcement officers have been very proactive in referring residential property owners to these programs.

All the residential areas where the residential zoning is applicable are well served by streets and other infrastructure. No street dedications or new infrastructure is required for the typical infill development. However, as properties are intensified, the existing water lines are becoming overtaxed, which will eventually require updating and improving water supply throughout the City which will add to the cost of future construction.

The California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Conservation have developed guidelines used by building code enforcement officials to implement energy conservation regulations established by the California Energy Commission. While serving as a mitigation tool to help reduce electricity and natural gas consumption, they do add to the cost of housing. State law also authorizes school districts to collect impact fees for all new residential, commercial, and industrial construction.

The school fees that are charged towards new residential development are State mandated and are beyond the City’s ability to control. The Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) levies a school development fee for residential construction. Building inspection services such as plan checks, and permit issuance are contracted, and the fees charged to the developer for these services are typically less than the actual cost for review time though any increased administrative costs beyond the base fees for discretionary review are waived. The planning fees that are charged in the city do not make any distinction between rental housing and owneroccupied housing or the types of housing (single-family or multiple-family).

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The City of Cudahy has fully implemented the provisions of AB 884. The plan check review for new construction averages two to four weeks, which is considerably less than most surrounding cities. During a development's design and planning, the City staff is available to conduct pertinent reviews and issue permits related to engineering, drainage, grading, public works, electrical, and other aspects of new developments. Even with those infill projects that require some form of discretionary review, the City has taken advantage of recent legislation that calls for smaller infill projects to be categorically exempt through the referral of a Class 32 California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Categorical Exemption.

Residential infill projects are handled through the City’s streamlined review and entitlement process. The entire development process from land clearance through construction typically takes between six months to one year to complete, depending on the number of units. This includes the time required for plan check and construction.

CUDAHY GENERAL PLAN LAND USE POLICY
The Land Use Plan of the Cudahy General Plan has been developed to promote new residential development in the city. The Plan has several features which were developed to increase the availability of housing and maintain the existing housing stock. The Land Use Plan, illustrated in Exhibit LU-2 of the Land Use Element, preserves existing neighborhoods developed largely as single-family neighborhoods. The new General Plan increases the allowed density in the multifamily residential areas and intensity of nonresidential districts to encourage revitalization and lot consolidation, create new open spaces to enhance residents’ quality of life, and provide flexibility in land use policy to accommodate emerging land use trends. The General Plan land use categories allow residential development as follows:
• Low-Density Residential: 15 du/ac
• Medium-Density Residential: 25 du/ac
• High-Density Residential: 40 du/ac
• Mixed Use-Commercial: 40 du/ac if mixed use; 30 du/ac residential only • Mixed Use-Civic: 40 du/ac if mixed use; 30 du/ac residential only • Innovation Industrial: 1.5 FAR (allows live/work)
The updated Land Use Element significantly increased development maximums and encourages new housing types. The Land Use Element identifies a realistic buildout and a maximum theoretical buildout. Realistic buildout would assume a total of 7,222 gross dwelling units in the city and a population of 30,607 persons by 2040. The theoretical maximum buildout would allow 12,037 gross dwelling units and a total population of 51,012 persons by 2040.

Past residential development projects in the city have consisted primarily of land recycling, as lots with older single-family detached units are replaced with multi-family housing. This was the reason for the building moratorium in 1990. It is primarily due to the limited amount of vacant

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land in the city at that time (13.2 acres or 1.9 percent) and the economic advantages of multifamily projects on High Density Residential lots. Thus, it is expected that future development will continue this trend.

Most of the City of Cudahy consists of very low-income neighborhoods. According to the 2020 Census data prepared by SCAG, of the City's 5,770 households in 2010, 2,921 households or

52.9% were considered low-income. Of these, 1,029 households were overpaying for housing.

Thus, the other 1,892 low-income households (52.9% of low-income households) were not overpaying for housing. The units occupied by these households may be considered affordable because low-income households occupy them, and their rents are less than 30 percent of the occupying household's income. Census data indicated that for owner-occupied housing units, most of the monthly mortgage payments in the city ranged in 2020 was $2,000 or more with the median being $1,812 per month. A household was overpaying for housing if more than 30% of their net “take-home” income was used for paying rent or mortgages. According to census figures for the year 2020, 255 households (45.2% of the total owner-occupied units) living in owner-occupied units paid more than 30% of their monthly income towards the mortgage.

According to the same census figures, 2,624 renter households (56.3% of the total renter households) paid more than 30% of their monthly income towards the rent.

While it cannot be identified where these affordable housing units are located, the city may conclude that they include developments with 10 units per acre, as well as those with 14 units per acre (as allowed under the current zoning code). The current housing market and availability will continue to drive housing prices up within the city. However, new housing development is expected to meet some of the demand for affordable housing created by low-income households in the area, as a function of economic and market forces. These projects can be developed with densities of 10 to 14 dwelling units per acre, as found in the city; however, increasing the existing allowable density in the MDR Zone to 25 and HDR Zone to 40 dwelling units per acre will further facilitate meeting the demand for affordable housing. These increases will provide an additional 860 new housing units: going from the current 5,770 to a potential 6,630 housing units.

Additionally, increasing allowable density with a maximum of 35% density bonus; will encourage the redevelopment of existing properties at a higher density, resulting in additional housing stock.

Also, the application of a density bonus for low-income and senior residents housing projects and projects that provide or include early care and education or services for the needy or elderly, will increase the maximum allowable density to 20 dwelling units per acre in the HDR Zone, this can be done without taxing existing infrastructure.

Further increases in density beyond those allowed by the General Plan’s realistic buildout assumption will lead to demands on infrastructure and services which cannot be met by existing facilities (sewer, roads, water, storm drain, police, fire, etc.). This will be especially significant on traffic and local circulation, schools of the LAUSD, and police services. Future policies and goals should consider updating facilities including sewer, roads, water, storm drains, etc.

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CITY OF CUDAHY 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE

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DEVELOPMENT CODE REQUIREMENTS
The City of Cudahy Development Code includes development standards and requirements for existing and potential development within the Low Density Residential, Medium Density Residential and High-Density Residential zone districts, as well as three mixed-use districts (Civic Mixed Use, Commercial Mixed Use and Entertainment) and the Innovation Industrial district, which allows live/work units. The development standards do not appear to represent a constraint to development given the amount of rehabilitation that has occurred in recent years.

The minimum lot size and setback requirements are very liberal. For example, most communities in the area require between 5 to 10 feet for the side and rear yard setbacks.

Table 5.1 Development Standards
Zone
Dev.

Standard
Commercial/
Mixed Use
Civic/
Mixed Use
Innovation
Industrial
High Density
Residential
Medium
Density
Residential
Low Density
Residential
Density 30-40 du/ac 30-40 du/ac 30 du/ac 20-40 du/ac 25 du/ac 15 du/ac Yards Front: variable
Side and Rear: 10’
when adjoining Res.

Front: variable
Side and Rear: 10’
when adjoining Res.

Front: 10’
Side: none. 10’ on
corner lots
Rear: 10-30’ when
adjoining Res.

Front: variable
Side: 5’ (+2’ for
each
additional
story)
Rear: 10’
Front: variable
Side: 5’
Rear: 5’ (+2’
for each
additional
story)
Front: variable
Side: 5’
Rear: 10’
Lot
Coverage/
Open Space
50% 50% 60% Private: 150
sq. ft. /unit
Common: 280
sq. ft. /unit
Private: 150
sq. ft. /unit
Common: 280
sq. ft. /unit
250 sq. ft./unit or
25% of the lot
area/unit (exclusive
of the front yard
setback)
Building
Height
4 stories 4 stories 2-3 stories 4 stories 3 stories 2 stories or 35’ (whichever is less)
Distance
Between
Buildings
N/A N/A N/A 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft; 5 ft between
acc structure
Parking Single-family Detached, Duplex, Condominium and Townhouse: 2 garage spaces/dwelling unit, plus 1 additional garage or surface space where dwelling unit contains 5 or more bedrooms
Apartments: 2 spaces/dwelling unit, at least one space in a garage Efficiency Apartments and Senior Housing: 1 space/dwelling unit For all but single-family dwellings, Guest Parking shall be provided at .75 space/dwelling unit.

Fences,
Hedges, &
Walls
Front: 42” solid materials; 48” wrought iron
Side/Rear: 96”
Minimum
Living Area
1 bedroom: 700 sq.
ft.
2 bedrooms: 900
sq. ft.
3 bedrooms: 1,100
sq. ft.
4+ bedroom: 1,100
sq. ft. plus 150sq. ft.
for each additional
1 bedroom: 700 sq. ft.
2 bedrooms: 900 sq. ft.
3 bedrooms: 1,100 sq.
ft.
4+ bedroom: 1,100 sq.
ft. plus 150 sq. ft. for
each additional
1 bedroom: 700 sq.
ft.
2 bedrooms: 900 sq.
ft.
3 bedrooms: 1,100
sq. ft.
4+ bedroom: 1,100
sq. ft. plus 150 sq. ft.
for each additional
1 bedroom:
700 sq. ft.
2 bedrooms:
900 sq. ft.
3 bedrooms:
1,100 sq. ft.
4+ bedroom:
1,100 sq. ft.
plus 150 sq. ft.
for each
additional
1 bedroom:
700 sq. ft.
2 bedrooms:
900 sq. ft.
3 bedrooms:
1,100 sq. ft.
4+ bedroom:
1,100 sq. ft.
plus 150 sq. ft.
for each
additional
1,100 sq. ft.

Source: Cudahy’s Development Standards per Municipal Code Table 5.1 above indicates basic residential development standards for Cudahy; the table shows density, yard requirements (front, side, and rear), lot coverage, open space, building heights, distances between buildings (main and accessory buildings), parking, fences, hedges, walls, and

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Cudahy City CouncilMarch 1, 2022

Cudahy City Council
March 1, 2022