Duarte City Council
January 27, 2026

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Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A2-a.

Q: Does the plan identify all stakeholders involved or given an opportunity to be involved in the planning process, and how each stakeholder was presented with this opportunity? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(b)(2))
A: See Stakeholder Outreach, Stakeholder Opportunities for Input by Category, Public and Stakeholder Input, Table 1.5, Table 1.6 below.

Stakeholder Outreach
The planning process was powered by a spectrum of stakeholders. These resources were needed to assist with technical expertise, historical knowledge, and to provide insights into hazards and mitigation strategies. Emails were sent to all stakeholders in September 2024 to announce the upcoming planning process and encourage survey participation.

Below, the stakeholder categories are defined as in the Handbook. As they apply to Duarte, the specific engagements are indicated in italics:
• Local and Regional Agencies Involved in Hazard Mitigation activities. Examples include public works, emergency management, local floodplain administration and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) departments.

Planning Team invitations were sent to applicable City and County departments. The invitation included an overview of the role of the Team and the time requirements of 5 meetings as well as reviewing the Initial Draft Plan. Team members were engaged in a discussion on a community outreach strategy including development of a stakeholder list, posting of the mitigation survey, and First Draft Plan once available. Also, they were encouraged to attend public forums including the City Council adoption meeting. • Agencies that have the Authority to Regulate Development. Examples include zoning, planning, community and economic development departments, building officials, planning commission, and other elected officials.

Planning Team invitations were sent to applicable City and County departments. The City Commissions, and City Council were informed of the planning process through the community outreach activities including participating in the survey and providing input to the First Draft Plan. The same entities were provided with a presentation on the First Draft Plan and input presented to the City Council during the adoption meeting. • Neighboring Communities. Examples include adjacent local governments, including special districts, such as those that are affected by similar hazard events or may share a mitigation action or project that crosses jurisdictional boundaries. Neighboring communities may be partners in hazard mitigation and response activities, or maybe where critical assets, such as dams, are located.

All neighboring communities and servicing special districts were informed of the planning process through the community outreach activities with invitations to participate in the survey as well as to provide input on the First Draft Plan. The same entities were also invited to attend and provide input prior to the City Council adoption meeting. • Businesses, Academia and other Private Interests. Examples include a chamber of commerce, institutions of learning, or private utilities and major employers that sustain community lifelines (providers of vital services in a community that when stabilized enable all other aspects of society to function). These entities were informed of the planning process through the community outreach activities with invitations to participate in the survey as well as to provide input on the First Draft Plan. The same entities were also invited to provide input prior to the City Council adoption meeting.

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• Nonprofit Organizations and Community-Based Organizations. Examples include housing, healthcare and social services agencies.

NPOs and CBOs were informed of the planning process through the community outreach strategy and invited to participate in the survey and provide input to the First Draft Plan prior to submission for formal review by Cal OES and FEMA.

Table 1.4: Stakeholder List by Category Local and Regional Agencies Involved in Hazard Mitigation Activities Agencies with Authority to Regulate Development Neighboring Communities Business Organizations, Academia, and other Private Interests Nonprofit and Community-Based Organizations Agency Represented, Name, Position Title
Duarte Planning Team
X X
Community Development, Jason Golding (Chair), Planning
Manager
X X
Community Development, Stephanie Sandoval, Public Works Manager
X X Public Safety, Bryan Ariizumi, Public Safety Manager X X Public Safety, Larry Breceda, Public Safety Director (Alternate) X X
City Manager’s Office, Andres Rangel, Assistant to the City Manager
X X
City Manager’s Office, Albert Nunez, Management Analyst (Alternate)
X X
Parks & Recreation, Jeff Risley, Facilities Maintenance Supervisor
X X
Administrative Services, Angela Chiaromonte, Financial
Services Manager
X X
Disaster Management Area Coordinators, Diana ManzanoGarcia,Disaster Management Area Coordinator - Area D Planning and Economic Development Commission
X
Yesenia Paez, Chair
Wallace J. Wolff, Vice-Chair
Daniel Becker, Commissioner
Brian Quandt, Commissioner
David Rodriguez, Commissioner
Public Safety Commission
X
Jo-Ann Oloteo, Chair
Rosa Holguin, Vice-Chair
Michelle Wright, Commissioner
Jessica Workman, Commissioner
Danny Peterson, Commissioner

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Local and Regional Agencies Involved in Hazard Mitigation ActivitiesAgencies with Authority to Regulate DevelopmentNeighboring CommunitiesBusiness Organizations, Academia, and other Private InterestsNonprofit and Community-Based Organizations Agency Represented, Name, Position Title
Public Works and Traffic Safety Commission
X
Ricardo Ortega, Chair
Jim Kirchner, Commissioner
Stephanie Kovach, Commissioner
Armond Morad, Commissioner
Shiu Kei Thomas Tsui, Commissioner
Parks and Recreation Commission
X
Alexander Streff, Chair
Jennifer Luna-Nguyen, Vice-Chair
Dr. James Finlay, Commissioner
Eddie Olague, Commissioner
Michael Powers, Commissioner
Public Utilities, Communications, and Technology
Commission
X
Lisa Tovar, Chair
Ryan Hsu, Vice-Chair
Danielle Riley, Commissioner
Pattie Dalessandro, Commissioner
Juan Carlos Lopez-Driotis, Commissioner
Duarte CERT
X Bryan Ariizumi, Program Manager
X Tony Hadloc, Program Coordinator
X Govan Yee, Instructor
X Henry Salcido, Instructor
X Mimi Bailey, Member
X Bruce Bailey, Member
X Steve Hernandez, Member
X Rosa Holguin, Member
X Gary Hand, Member
X Dan Yrigoyen, Member
X Kim Yrigoyen, Member
Duarte Building Inspection
X X Carlos Grider, Building Inspector
Duarte Engineering
X X Cody Howing, City Engineer
Los Angeles County Fire Department

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Local and Regional Agencies Involved in Hazard Mitigation ActivitiesAgencies with Authority to Regulate DevelopmentNeighboring CommunitiesBusiness Organizations, Academia, and other Private InterestsNonprofit and Community-Based Organizations Agency Represented, Name, Position Title
X X Adriana A. Watson, Community Services Liaison
Los Angeles County Public Works, Land Development Division X X Toan Duong, Civil Engineer
Los Angeles County Regional Planning, Land Impact - Division, Environmental Planning and Sustainability Section
X X Thuy Hua, Supervising Planner
Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Environmental Health - Land Use Program
X Stella Fogleman, Specialist Health Program
State Department of Fish & Game
X Jim Hartman, Deputy Agricultural Commissioner
Los Angeles County Sanitation District
X Tim Pfeiffer, Preparedness
California Public Utilities Commission – Energy Division X Nico Procos, Title Unknown
Charter Spectrum
X Peter Hidalgo, Director of Government Affairs
Burrtec Waste Industries, Inc.

X Michael Heftman, Municipal Services Manager Email:

Southern California Gas Company
X Lanae O’Shields, Public Affairs Manager
California American Water Company
X Brian Barreto, External Affairs Manager
San Gabriel County Water Company
X Jim Prior, General Manager
San Gabriel Valley Water Company
X Matt Yucelen, Engineering V.P.

Golden State Water Company
X Kyle Snay, Operations Engineer
California Regional Water Quality Control Board - Los Angeles Region
X Noman Chowdhury, Title Unknown
Gabrielino/Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council
X Robert Dorame, Chairperson
Gabrielino/Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians

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Local and Regional Agencies Involved in Hazard Mitigation ActivitiesAgencies with Authority to Regulate DevelopmentNeighboring CommunitiesBusiness Organizations, Academia, and other Private InterestsNonprofit and Community-Based Organizations Agency Represented, Name, Position Title
X Anthony Morales, Chairperson
Gabrielino/Tongva Nation
X Sandonne Goad, Chairperson
Gabrielino/Tongva Tribe
X Charles Alvarez, Chairperson
Gabrielino Band of Mission Indians- Kizh Nation
X Andrew Salas, Chairman
Duarte Unified School District
X Dr. Nadia Hillman, Superintendent
City of Alhambra – Planning Department
X Andrew Ho, Director of Community Development
City of Arcadia - Planning Department
X Fiona Graham, Planning Manager
City of Arcadia, Fire Department
X Charles Tuggle, Battalion Chief
City of Azusa
X Jennifer Wu, Emergency Services Coordinator
City of El Monte - Planning Department
X Betty Donavanik, Community & Economic Development Director City of Glendora
X Julie Linger, Public Safety Management Analyst
City of Monrovia
X Craig Jimenez, Community Development Director
City of Montebello - Planning Department
X Joseph Palombi, Director of Planning
City of Monterey Park – Planning Department
X Joseph Torres, Economic Development Manager
City of San Gabriel – Planning Department
X Samantha Tewasart, Planning Manager
City of South El Monte - Planning Department
X Guillermo Arreola, Director of Community Development
City of West Covina
X Jim Rudoff - Assistant Fire Chief / Emergency Coordinator City of Temple City
X Jose Amaya, Community Services/Public Safety Supervisor

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Local and Regional Agencies Involved in Hazard Mitigation ActivitiesAgencies with Authority to Regulate DevelopmentNeighboring CommunitiesBusiness Organizations, Academia, and other Private InterestsNonprofit and Community-Based Organizations Agency Represented, Name, Position Title
Duarte Chamber of Commerce
X Dr. Gregory Endelman, Board President
City of Hope
X Victor Benavides, Government & Community Relations Manager Foothill Unity Center
X Amy Shapiro, Director of Advancement
Duarte Rotary Club
X Lydia Carswell, Member
Duarte Kiwanis Club
X Tina Carey, Secretary
X Kim Yrigoyen, Secretary
Duarte Community Coordinating Council
X Tina Heany, Secretary
Los Angeles County
X Joanna Gee, Community Library Manager
Places of Worship
X Grace Fellowship, 1551 Huntington Drive, Duarte, CA 91010 X
First Baptist Church of Duarte, 2200 Huntington Drive, Duarte, CA 91010
X
New Life Assembly, 822 Bradbourne Avenue, Duarte, CA
91010
X Church of the Foothills, 1014 Highland Avenue, Duarte, CA 91010 X The Love of Christ Church, 1743 Huntington Drive, Duarte, CA 91010 X
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1452 Royal Oaks Drive, Duarte, CA 91010
X
St. Joseph Carmelite Chapel, 1210 Royal Oaks Drive, Duarte, CA 91010
X
Christian Alliance Bible Church, 1108 Highland Avenue
Duarte, CA 91010
X Calvary New Song, 1740 Huntington Drive, Duarte, CA 91010 X
Berean Bible Baptist Church, 2302 Mountain Avenue, Duarte, CA 91010
X Church of Christ, 1330 Highland Avenue, Duarte, CA 91010 X Santa Teresita Church, 819 Buena Vista Street, Duarte, CA 91010

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Community Outreach Strategy
Table 1.5: Outreach Methods and Activities for Stakeholders and Public Outreach Methods and Activities (See
Attachments for samples)
Stakeholder Categories Public
Local and Regional Agencies Involved in Hazard MitigationAgencies with Authority to Regulate DevelopmentNeighboring Communities (including adjacent local governments and special districts)Businesses, Academia, and other Private InterestsNonprofit Organizations, CommunityBased Organizations Stakeholder Emails X X X X X
Press Release X X X X X X
Public Forums – City Council, Planning and
Economic Development Commission, Public
Works and Traffic Safety Commission, Public
Utilities, Communications and Technology
Commission, and Public Safety Commission

X X X X X X
Survey – Survey Monkey was used to share and
analyze responses to the mitigation survey.

Results were shared with the Planning Team
during the plan writing phase.

X X X X X X
Video – used as video or PowerPoint at public
forums and posted on website.

X X X X X X
Flyer – shared via website, Social Media, County
Library, City Hall, Chamber of Commerce, Senior
Center.

X X X X X X
City’s Website – Posted planning process
documents, community outreach materials, and
First Draft Plan.

X X X X X X
Social Media – Facebook, X, and Instagram
including announcement of the First Draft Plan,
survey, and video.

X X X X X X
City News Magazine X X X
Initial Draft Plan – Reviewed by Planning Team. X
First Draft Plan – Public notified via social
media and website. Email/mail sent to
Stakeholders with link to website with invitation
for input.

X X X X X X

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Public and Stakeholder Input
There were three community outreach events. The first outreach began in August 2024 utilizing the City’s website, flyers, public forums, social media, the City’s monthly E-Newsletter, and mailed quarterly City News Magazine to inform of planning process and encourage participation via the survey and video.

The second outreach was in September 2025 utilizing the same mediums to share and solicit input on the First Draft Plan. See Table 1.6 below for input gathered.

The third community outreach will be in January 2026 to announce the adoption meeting with the City Council.

Table 1.6 provides input gathered and how the information was incorporated into the Second Draft Plan.

Table 1.6: Public and Stakeholder Input
Date Received Agency, Name of
Individual
Information Received How Information was
Incorporated into the
Second Draft Plan
September 8, 2025 Los Angeles County Fire
Department, Steven
Cabrera
Correction to information
about the Eaton Fire:

Burned over 14,000
acres. The fire destroyed
over 9,400 structures and
resulted in 18 fatalities.

Chapter 3: Risk
Assessment was updated
with corrected information
September 15, 2025
(during Commission
meeting)
Duarte Planning
Commission, Brian
Quandt
Plan does not include any
risk mitigation attached to
telecommunication
disruption due to any
major events. Whether
that be fire, or disease.

Covid taught us quite a bit
about our need to include
such planning, especially
for the disadvantaged.

Our current nondiversified approach to
such services only makes
such future problems
even more apparent.

Impact to
telecommunication has
been added to each of the
profiled hazards in
Chapter 4: Vulnerability &
Impacts.

September 10, 2025 Duarte Planning
Commission, Danielle
Riley
No profile on landslides. The Planning Team did
identify landslide as a
potential hazard.

However, during the
hazard ranking process,
landslide was ranked as
“low” and therefore not
included with the profiled

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hazards ranked “medium”
or “high”.

September 10, 2025 Duarte Planning
Commission, Juan Carlos
Lopez-Driotis
The Plan does not
consider the
consequences of
powerline towers in the
Foothills and the
consequences of those
powerlines in relation to a
wildfire.

Impacts to all
telecommunications have
been added to the
Chapter 3: Risk
Assessment – hazard
profiles as well as Chapter
4: Vulnerability & Impacts.

Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C1-a.

Q: Does the plan describe how the existing capabilities of each participant are available to support the mitigation strategy? Does this include a discussion of the existing building codes and land use and development ordinances or regulations? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)) A: See Capability Assessment – Existing Processes and Programs, Table 1.7 below.

Capability Assessment – Existing Processes and Programs The city will incorporate mitigation planning as an integral component of daily operations. This will be accomplished by the Planning Team members with their respective departments to integrate mitigation strategies into their planning documents and operational guidelines. In addition to the Capability Assessment below, the Planning Team will strive to identify additional policies, programs, practices, and procedures that could be created or modified to address mitigation activities.

FEMA identifies four types of capabilities: Planning and Regulatory, Administrative and Technical, Financial, and Education and Outreach. Following are explanations drawn from “Beyond The Basics” a website developed as part of a multi-year research study funded by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Coastal Resilience Center and led by the Center for Sustainable Community Design within the Institute for the Environment at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Institute for Sustainable Coastal Communities at Texas A&M University. This excellent resource ties FEMA regulations together with best practices in hazard mitigation.

Planning and Regulatory
Planning and regulatory capabilities are based on the implementation of ordinances, policies, local laws and State statutes, and plans and programs that relate to guiding and managing growth and development. Examples of planning capabilities that can either enable or inhibit mitigation include comprehensive land use plans, capital improvements programs, transportation plans, small area development plans, disaster recovery and reconstruction plans, and emergency preparedness and response plans. Plans describe specific actions or policies that support community goals and drive decisions. Likewise, examples of regulatory capabilities include the enforcement of zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, and building codes that regulate how and where land is developed and structures are built. Planning and regulatory capabilities refer not only to the current plans and regulations, but also to the community’s ability to change and improve those plans and regulations as needed.

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Administrative and Technical
Administrative and technical capability refers to the community’s staff and their skills and tools that can be used for mitigation planning and to implement specific mitigation actions. It also refers to the ability to access and coordinate these resources effectively. Think about the types of personnel employed by each jurisdiction, the public and private sector resources that may be accessed to implement mitigation activities in your community, and the level of knowledge and technical expertise from all of these sources. These include engineers, planners, emergency managers, GIS analysts, building inspectors, grant writers, floodplain managers, and more. For jurisdictions with limited staff resources, capacity should also be considered; while staff members may have specific skills, they may not have the time to dedicate to additional work tasks.

The Planning Team can identify resources available through other government entities, such as counties or special districts, which may be able to provide technical assistance to communities with limited resources. For example, a small town may turn to county planners, engineers, or a regional planning agency to support its mitigation planning efforts and provide assistance. For large jurisdictions, reviewing administrative and technical capabilities may involve targeting specific staff in various departments that have the expertise and are available to support hazard mitigation initiatives. The degree of intergovernmental coordination among departments also affects administrative capability.

Financial
Financial capabilities are the resources that a jurisdiction has access to or is eligible to use to fund mitigation actions. The costs associated with implementing mitigation activities vary. Some mitigation actions, such as building assessment or outreach efforts, require little to no costs other than staff time and existing operating budgets. Other actions, such as the acquisition of floodprone properties, could require substantial monetary commitments from local, state, and federal funding sources. Some local governments may have access to a recurring source of revenue beyond property, sales, and income taxes, such as stormwater utility or development impact fees.

These communities may be able to use the funds to support local mitigation efforts independently or as the local match or cost-share often required for grant funding.

Education and Outreach
This type of capability refers to education and outreach programs and methods already in place that could be used to implement mitigation activities and communicate hazard-related information.

An example includes programs like the annual ShakeOut. Table 1.7 below includes a broad range of capabilities within the City of Duarte to successfully accomplish mitigation.

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Table 1.7: Capability Assessment - Existing Processes and Programs (Source: City of Duarte website, 2025)
Capability Type Capability Name Capability Description and Ability to Support Mitigation Planning and Regulatory Administrative and Technical Financial Education and Outreach City of Duarte Departments
X X Administrative
Services Department
The Administrative Services Department covers a broad range of areas of service within the city including Finance, Human Resources, Risk Management, Transit Services and Information Technology.

X X City Attorney’s Office The Office of the City Attorney represents the city as a municipal corporation. The City Attorney is responsible for representational advice to the City Council, the Successor Agency to the Duarte Redevelopment Agency, Boards, Commission and all City officer and staff in all matters of law pertaining to the city.

X X X City Manager’s Office The City Manager is appointed by the City Council to serve as the City's chief executive officer. The City Manager recommends policy actions and implements City Council policy direction and decisions through various City Departments. The City Manager is also responsible for providing overall project supervision, promoting economic stability through business development and retention, and promoting organizational stability through financial and human resources management.

X X X City Clerk’s Office City Clerk’s Office is responsible for City Council Agendas, Meetings and Minutes, Bids and RFPs, Claims, Document
Central Public Portal, Fair Political Practices Commission, Legislative Representatives, Municipal Code, Passport Services, Public Notices, and Public Records Requests.

X X X Community
Development
Department
Community Development includes the following functional areas:

Planning, Building, Public Works, Economic Development, and Field Services. A wide range of mitigation actions can be managed by this department.

X X X Parks and Recreation
Department
The Parks and Recreation Department works with City staff in matters pertaining to parks, recreation areas, facilities, programs, and other associated activities, and cooperates with other governmental agencies and civic groups in the advancement of sound park and recreation planning and programming.

X X X Public Safety
Department
Public Safety Department manages and provides an array of safety and security related services in the City of Duarte. The City’s law enforcement services are contracted through the Los Angeles

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Capability Type Capability Name Capability Description and Ability to Support Mitigation Planning and Regulatory Administrative and Technical Financial Education and Outreach County Sheriff's Department. The City’s fire protection services are provided by Los Angeles County Fire Department. Public Safety also partners with a number of community organizations to help residents address various issues. The Department also provides animal control and code enforcement services.

City of Duarte Councils and Commissions
X X X X City Council The Duarte City Council is comprised of seven members who are directly elected by Duarte voters. The Council serves as a legislative body for the City, Successor Agency to dissolved Redevelopment Agency, Housing Authority, and Community
Facilities Financing Authority. It is responsible for the establishment of City policies, the adoption of ordinances and resolutions, the holding of public hearings, the adoption of the budget, the authorization of expenditures, and the appointment of the City Manager, City Attorney, and the members of City commissions and committees.

X X X Planning and
Economic
Development
Commission
The Planning and Economic Development Commission serves as the City's planning agency, reviews development projects, appeals, applications for conditional use permits, variances, and tract maps, performs architectural review for certain projects, and makes recommendations to the City Council and staff on economic development matters and such other duties and functions as may be provided by ordinance, resolution, or direction of the Council, or by law.

X X X X Public Works and
Traffic Safety
Commission
The Public Works and Traffic Safety Commission works with City staff in matters relating to traffic laws, parking regulations, speed regulations, stop signs, traffic control signals, traffic calming measures, pavement markings, warning signs, crosswalks, school crossings, traffic safety issues arising from physical hazards, attractive nuisances, and other physical conditions, and reviews the annual Capital Improvement Program and provides
recommendations to the City Council and staff.

X X X Public Safety
Commission
The Public Safety Commission works with staff in matters relating to law enforcement, crime prevention and control, code
enforcement, animal control, and emergency preparedness.

X X X X Public Utilities,
Communications and
The Public Utilities, Communications and Technology Commission works with City staff in matters affecting and relating to telecommunications, cable communications, public access

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Capability Type Capability Name Capability Description and Ability to Support Mitigation Planning and Regulatory Administrative and Technical Financial Education and Outreach Technology
Commission
channels, audio/video services, refuse/trash collection, recycling programs, transit, environmental quality, public utility services, green technology within the city, and subscriber complaints.

X Duarte Community
Coordinating Council
DCCC is an alliance of Community Service and Non-Profit groups serving the greater Duarte area. Provides activities, aid and other resources to people of all ages in the community. - A single place for volunteers and others interested in helping their community to find compatible local groups needing help in assisting those in need.

City of Duarte Plans and Policies
X Emergency Operations
Plan
Emergency Operations Plan is a reference and guidebook to operations during a major emergency impacting Duarte. The Plan includes a discussion on a wide range of hazards, organization and staffing of the Emergency Operations Center, and connectivity with field responders and external agencies. The Emergency
Operations Plan is an excellent source of hazard information for the Hazard Mitigation Plan.

X Hazard Mitigation Plan The City’s Hazard Mitigation Plan identifies the risks from hazards present in the community and includes strategies to reduce these risks. Updates to the Plan are coordinated with the hazard information and mitigation activities identified in the County of Los Angeles HMP as well as the State of California SHMP in order to ensure a more consistent and unified approach to hazard mitigation.

X General Plan General Plan outlines long-term direction for development and policy in Duarte. There are opportunities to coordinate local hazard mitigation actions with policies governed by the General Plan. Also, the General Plan is an excellent resource to assist with implementing many of the mitigation action items identified in the Hazard Mitigation Plan.

X X Capital Improvement
Program
The city is now in the process of preparing its first Capital Improvement Program which will direct construction activities for City-owned facilities and infrastructure for the next future years.

Mitigation actions may involve construction of new or upgraded facilities and infrastructure.

X Storm Water
Management Plan
Storm Water Management Plan provides long-range planning of water supplies and water use to ensure a stable water supply and

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Capability Type Capability Name Capability Description and Ability to Support Mitigation Planning and Regulatory Administrative and Technical Financial Education and Outreach compliance with water conservation efforts. Mitigation actions that involve reducing water use may be incorporated into the next update to the Storm Water Management Plan.

X Zoning Ordinance Zoning Ordinance implements the City’s General Plan by establishing specific regulations for development. It includes standards for where development can be located, how buildings must be sized, shaped, and positioned, and what types of activities can occur in an area. Hazard mitigation actions that pertain to new or substantially redeveloped buildings can be adopted into the Zoning Ordinance.

X Building Codes Building Codes specify how new structures can be built. Every three years, the city re-adopts the California Building Code into the Municipal Code, along with any amendments specific to the city.

Q&A | ELEMENT C: MITIGATION STRATEGY | C1-b.

Q: Does the plan describe each participant’s ability to expand and improve the identified capabilities to achieve mitigation? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3))
A: See Expanding and Improving Capabilities below.

Expanding and Improving Capabilities
Planning and Regulatory Capabilities – The city builds and maintains its own buildings and infrastructure and regulates all construction within the community as per the International Building Code. Future plans are laid out in the General Plan and Capital Improvement Program. Some of the funding of future construction relies on successful bond measures where plans and justifications are shared with the public. Because of previous hazard mitigation plans and projects, the city is very experienced in adhering to federal and state mandates. Also, departmental protocols are in place that ensure future development projects satisfy “substantial conformance” requirements with the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance. Additionally, an action item was added to the Matrix to amend the floodplain portion of the Municipal Code to identify protocols for determining substantial improvement and substantial damage. Also, compliance with AB 2140 will continue. See Mitigation Actions Matrix column “Expanding and Improving Capabilities”.

Administrative and Technical - Existing capabilities are typical for a medium-sized local government. The city already has grant writing and GIS capabilities along with mutual aid

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agreements, and a warning/notification system. Grant writing capabilities will continue to be especially important once the mitigation plan is approved by FEMA. That approval will trigger eligibility for a range of federal and state grants. Also, the City Council could task a sub-committee dedicated to land use matters and mitigation plan implementation. The Plan’s opportunities for success will be increased by the Council’s involvement. See Mitigation Actions Matrix column “Expanding and Improving Capabilities”.

Finance - All local governments have a broad range of funding sources. Taxation, impact fees, bonds, grants, in-kind donations, and philanthropic donations are included in the spectrum. As such, the city needs to keep these resources in mind for future mitigation activities. See Mitigation Actions Matrix column “Expanding and Improving Capabilities”.

Education and Outreach – Continue to participate in the annual Great ShakeOut. Also, continue to utilize existing community groups such as CERT to support and encourage mitigation as well as home and business mitigation. Enlist the City Manager and Public Information Officer (Assistant to the City Manager) in learning and talking about the Hazard Mitigation Plan. Ongoing outreach to the public and businesses regarding water conservation and other seasonal topics will also continue. See Mitigation Actions Matrix column “Expanding and Improving Capabilities”.

Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A4-a.

Q: Does the plan document what existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information were reviewed for the development of the plan, as well as how they were incorporated into the document? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(b)(3))
A: See Use of Existing Data below.

Use of Existing Data
The Planning Team gathered and reviewed existing data and plans during plan writing and specifically noted as “sources”. Numerous documents were used to support the planning process:

City of Duarte Website
https://www.accessduarte.com/home
Applicable Incorporation: Department Information used in Chapter 1: Planning Process - Capability Assessment, Chapter 2: Community Profile - Budget
City of Duarte General Plan 2021
accessduarte.com/home/showpublisheddocument/1724/638368407308670000 Applicable Incorporation: Information about hazards contributed to Chapter 2: Community Profile, and Chapter 3: Risk Assessment – Hazard Profiles.

County of Los Angeles General Plan (2015)
Applicable Incorporation: Information about the planning area and geography used in Chapter 2: Community Profile and Chapter 3: Risk Assessment – Hazard Profiles.

County of Los Angeles All-Hazards Mitigation Plan (2025) Applicable Incorporation: Information about hazards in the County contributed to Chapter 3: Risk Assessment – Hazard Profiles.

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State of California Hazard Mitigation Plan (2023)
Applicable Incorporation: Hazard identification information used in Chapter 2: Risk Assessment – Identifying Hazards.

HAZUS Maps and Reports
Created by Emergency Planning Consultants
Applicable Incorporation: Numerous HAZUS maps and reports have been included in Chapter 3: Risk Assessment – Hazard Profiles.

National Flood Insurance Program
Applicable Incorporation: Community status used in Chapter 3: Risk Assessment – Hazard Profiles - Flooding.

Local Flood Insurance Rate Maps
Applicable Incorporation: Information about FIRM included in Chapter 3: Risk Assessment – Hazard Profiles - Flooding.

California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) Applicable Incorporation: Wildland fire hazard map in Chapter 3: Risk Assessment – Hazard Profiles - Wildfire.

California Office of the State Fire Marshal (OSFM)
Applicable Incorporation: Wildland fire hazard map in Chapter 3: Risk Assessment – Hazard Profiles – Fire Hazard Severity Zones Map.

California Department of Conservation
Applicable Incorporation: Seismic hazards mapping used in Chapter 3: Risk Assessment – Hazard Profiles - Earthquake.

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Applicable Incorporation: Earthquake records and statistics used in Chapter 3: Risk Assessment – Hazard Profiles - Earthquake.

California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment: Los Angeles Region Report (2019)
Applicable Incorporation: Climate information used in Chapter 2: Community Profile.

Weather Spark
Applicable Incorporation: Weather information used in Chapter 2: Community Profile.

The Fifth National Climate Assessment (2023)
Applicable Incorporation: Climate considerations in Chapter 3: Risk Assessment.

Planning for an Emergency: Strategies for Identifying and Engaging At-Risk Groups (2015)
Applicable Incorporation: Social vulnerability information used in Chapter 4: Vulnerability and Impacts Assessment.

Guide to Expanding Mitigation: Making the Connection to Equity (2020) Applicable Incorporation: Social vulnerability information used in Chapter 2: Community Profile.

How Climate Change Impacts each Type of Natural Disaster (2022)

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Applicable Incorporation: Climate considerations in Chapter 3: Risk Assessment.

Federal Guidelines for Dam Safey (2004)
Applicable Incorporation: Chapter 3: Risk Assessment – Hazard Profiles – Dam Inundation - Dam Hazard Potential Classification
National Inventory of Dams (2024)
Applicable Incorporation: Chapter 3: Risk Assessment – Hazard Profiles – Dam Inundation - Dam Failure Local Conditions

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Chapter 2: City Profile
The Gabrielino Indians once inhabited the land that is now known as the City of Duarte. In 1841, the governor of Alta California granted to ex-Mexican Corporal Andres Duarte and his wife nearly 7,000 acres of prime land in the upper San Gabriel Valley. He named the place Rancho Azusa de Duarte.

In the mid-1800’s, most of the Rancho was sold to help defray Andres Duarte’s debts. One of those who purchased land was Dr. Nehemiah Beardslee, who started the first school in Duarte and laid out the first section of Duarte’s water lines. Much of the remaining land was divided into 40-acre plots and sold individually. Many of Duarte’s earliest pioneer families came to Duarte in the mid-1800’s for their health, the pleasant climate, and the fertile soil. English settlers, Americans from the Midwest and deep South, Latinos who remained from the Rancho and Japanese immigrants enabled Duarte to grow into a thriving agricultural community specializing in citrus production. Two medical institutions were started in Duarte in the early part of this century. In 1913, the Jewish Relief Association started a tuberculosis sanitarium on 40 acres of land South of Duarte Road. This later evolved into the world-renowned City of Hope Medical Center, a recognized leader in fighting cancer and other catastrophic diseases. In 1930, a group of Carmelite Sisters established the Santa Teresita Rest Home, known today as Santa Teresita "Medical Center." In 1957, a dedicated group of community members led the fight for incorporation, and on August 22, 1957, their efforts paid off with the formation of the City of Duarte and the Duarte Unified School District. The leadership of the Duarte City Council and the Duarte Unified School Board helped the previously fragmented community to come together, set goals and establish priorities for the newly created City of Duarte. (Source: City of Duarte website, 2025)
The City of Duarte is a small community in eastern Los Angeles County encompassing 6.7 square miles with an estimated population of 21,637 residents as of 2020. The city is located at the foot of the San Gabriel Mountains approximately 20 miles northeast of the City of Los Angeles. It borders the cities of Monrovia to the west, Bradbury to the north, Azusa to the east, and Irwindale to the south. The San Gabriel River and Santa Fe Flood Control Basin abuts Duarte to the east and south. Major transportation corridors serve Duarte including Interstate 210 (I-210), Interstate 605 (I-605), and Huntington Drive (Route 66). The city is bisected by I-210, which runs east-west through the city and acts as a barrier that divides the city into a northern and southern area.

Climate
According to the National Weather Service, the city has a moderate climate, including dry summers with an average temperature of about 75°F and cool, wet winters with an average temperature of 56°F. The average annual rainfall for the region is between 9-14 inches.

The actual rainfall in the Southern California region tends to fall in large amounts during sporadic and often heavy storms rather than consistently over storms at somewhat regular intervals. In short, rainfall in Southern California might be characterized as feast or famine within a single year.

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Graph 2.1: Average High and Low Temperature for the City of Duarte (Source: Weather Spark, 2025)
Graphic 2.2: Average Monthly Rainfall for the City of Duarte (Source: Weather Spark, 2025)
Population and Demographics
The following was taken from the City of Duarte Housing Element (2022).

Duarte experienced the highest percentage of growth during the 1990s, with a four percent increase in population, though still below the seven percent average increase countywide. Since 2000, Duarte’s population has evidenced little change, with its population measured at 21,673 in 2020. The adjacent City of Azusa has experienced the most growth in the area in the last decade, increasing by seven percent.

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In terms of future trends, the Southern California Association of Governments’ (SCAG) Demographics and Growth Forecast projects more significant growth in Duarte over the next few decades, with a 14 percent increase in population by 2045 (estimated 25,100 residents).

Table 2.1 Population Changes
Source: General Plan – Housing Element (2022)
Major Employers
According to the City of Duarte Housing Element (2022), the following are the major employers:

Table 2.2 Major Employers
Source: General Plan – Housing Element (2022)
Employer Number of Employees
City of Hope 5,200
Duarte School District 430
Wal-Mart 270
CarMax 190
Target 180
We Pack It All 150
Transportation and Commuting Patterns
According to the city’s website, public transportation services that are available to the community of Duarte include a local fixed-route circulator - the Duarte eBus - and regional bus service that is provided by Foothill Transit. Also available to the community are Metro Rail commuter trains, local Dial-A-Ride services, and other rideshare options.

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Duarte eBus
Duarte Transit embraced the City’s long standing, successful contract service model and applied it to our aging transit system. In April 1, 2019, the City in conjunction with Foothill Transit introduced a fleet of new, 35-foot electric buses that operates on existing Duarte transit routes.

Partnering with Foothill Transit also brings much-needed transit expertise and resources to our small City including a fast charge infrastructure, and a fleet of state of the art electric buses, featuring the latest in green and fuel efficient technology.

Commuter Train Service
Commuter train service is provided by Metro Rail. The Duarte/City of Hope Station is an at-grade light rail station on the Los Angeles Metro A Line (formerly known as the Gold Line). This station is located at 1789 Business Center Drive, near the intersection of Duarte Road and Highland Avenue.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-e.

Q: Does the plan include the probability of future events for each identified hazard? Does the plan describe the effects of future conditions, including climate change (e.g., long-term weather patterns, average temperature and sea levels), on the type, location and range of anticipated intensities of identified hazards? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment below.

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
The 2021 Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
(CCVA) was an update to Duarte’s General Plan
Safety Element.

As required by Senate Bill 379, the CCVA provides
a climate change vulnerability assessment for the
City of Duarte. The assessment evaluates the
potential impacts of climate change on community
assets and populations. Understanding the
vulnerabilities that the community may face due to
climate change provides a foundation to define future
adaptation strategies for the Safety Element Update
and other planning efforts in Duarte and the region.

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According to Cal-Adapt, Duarte is expected to experience the following climate hazards:
✓ Increased temperatures and extreme heat
✓ Extended drought conditions
✓ More extreme storms
✓ Increased wildfire risk
Climate change is projected to continue affecting the Los Angeles region in the form of increasing average temperatures and extreme heat days, rising sea levels, and altered precipitation patterns.

These impacts are expected to influence health and prosperity through decreased water availability, increased frequency and intensity of storms and wildfires, and decreased air quality.

Climate risks and impacts vary depending on location. Understanding local climate risks and impacts allows communities to prepare for the future and increase their resilience. Projected climate change impacts and climate resilience for Duarte are described below based on information from Cal-Adapt and the Los Angeles Summary Report of California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) established several GHG emissions scenarios used to describe possible future GHG emissions and associated warming. Two of these are commonly used to compare possible futures and have been selected for this assessment. The Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 represents a “medium emissions” scenario in which emissions peak around 2040 and then decline at the end of the century. This scenario assumes global agreement and implementation of GHG reduction strategies. RCP 8.5 represents a “high emissions” scenario in which emissions continue to rise throughout the 21st century. Potential impacts to the vulnerable people, infrastructure, buildings and facilities, and natural and managed resources are assessed and a summary of this assessment can be found in the Vulnerability Score subsection below. Each anticipated impact and each of the vulnerable areas in the city were given a low, medium, or high
potential impact, based on the descriptions below provided by the California Government Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) California Adaptation Planning Guide, which are described in more detail in the Vulnerability Score subsection.
✓ Low Potential Impact - impact is unlikely based on projected exposure; would result in minor consequences to public health, safety, and/or other metrics of concern. ✓ Medium Potential Impact - impact is somewhat likely based on projected exposure; would result in some consequences to public health, safety, and/or other metrics of concern. ✓ High Potential Impact - impact is highly likely based on projected exposure; would result in substantial consequences to public health, safety, and/or other metrics of concern.

Table 2.3 below summarizes the potential impacts of increased temperature on Duarte’s identified community sensitives

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Table 2.3: Summary of Potential Impacts from Increased Temperature Source: City of Duarte Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment, 2021

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Chapter 3: Risk Assessment
What is a Risk Assessment?
Conducting a risk assessment can provide information regarding: the types of hazards a jurisdiction is exposed to; the location where the hazard might occur; the history of the hazard in the City of Duarte and surrounding area; and the future risk they pose. Specifically, the five levels of risk assessment are as follows:

1. Identify Hazards (Chapter 3)

2. Hazard Profiles (Chapter 3)

3. Identify Community Assets (Chapter 4)

4. Analyze Impacts (Chapter 4)

5. Summarize Vulnerability (Chapter 4)
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-a.

Q: Does the plan describe all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area, and does it provide the rationale if omitting any natural hazards that are commonly recognized to affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Identify Hazards, Table 3.1, Table 3.2, Table 3.5 below.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-d.

Q: Does the plan include the history of previous hazard events for each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Federal Disaster Declarations, Table 3.1 below.

Identify Hazards
This section is the description of the geographic extent, potential intensity, and the probability of occurrence of a given hazard. Maps are used in this plan to display hazard identification data.

To determine the hazard with significant potential to impact the Planning Team examined five resources: FEMA’s National Risk Index (NRI), California’s 2023 State Hazard Mitigation Plan (SHMP), 2025 County of Los Angeles All-Hazards Mitigation Plan (AHMP), the City’s 2021 General Plan Safety Element, and the City’s 2020 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. As a preliminary method of narrowing the extensive list of hazards down to the natural hazards commonly associated with the community’s location, the probability of each hazard was ranked. The list of 18 NRI hazards was reduced to 5, the list of the top 15 SHMP hazards was reduced to 6, and the list of 13 hazards in the AHMP was reduced to 5. The Planning Team chose to focus on only natural hazards. As such, the 2020 LHMP inclusion of hazard materials was removed from further consideration.

Next, the Planning Team reviewed existing documents to determine which of the hazards posed the most significant threat to the planning area and its ability to deliver services. In other words, which hazard would likely result in a local declaration of emergency. The Planning Team also reviewed Federal Disaster Declarations for Los Angeles County. Los Angeles County experienced 38 federal disaster declarations from 2008 – 2025. Table 3.1 outlines those disaster declarations. To determine the final hazard priority ranking (high, medium, low), the Team utilized FEMA’s Calculated Priority Risk Index (CPRI) to quantify the probability, magnitude/severity,

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warning time and duration for each of the hazards. Table 3.2 describes the ranking categories and Table 3.3 indicates the results. The hazards with a hazard priority ranking of “high” or “medium” were chosen for profiling later in Chapter 3.

Table 3.1: Federal Disaster Declarations 2008-2025 Los Angeles County (Source: FEMA website State and County Disaster Declarations, 2025) Year
Federal
Declaration
Number
State of
Emergency
Declaration
Issued by
California
Declaration Title
2025 FM-5549-CA Yes Palisades Fire
2025 FM-5550-CA Yes Eaton Fire
2024 FM-5537-CA Bridge Fire
2024 DR-4769-CA Severe Winter Storms, Tornados, Flooding, Landslides and Mudslides
2023 DR-4699-CA Yes Severe Winter Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, Landslides, and Mudslides
2023 EM-3591-CA Yes Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, and Mudslides 2023 EM-3592-CA Yes Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, Landslides, and Mudslides 2023 DR-4683-CA Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, Landslides, and Mudslides 2022 N/A Yes Extreme Heat
2022 N/A Yes Tropical Storm Kay
2021 DR-4569-CA Wildfires
2021 FM-5381-CA Blue Ridge Fire
2021 N/A Yes Winter Storms
2021 N/A Yes Drought
2020 DR-4482-CA Covid-19 Pandemic
2020 EM-3428-CA Covid-19
2020 N/A Yes Extreme Heat Event
2020 FM-5374-CA Bobcat Fire
2019 FM-5297-CA Getty Fire
2019 FM-5296-CA Wildfires
2019 FM-5293-CA Saddleridge Fire
2018 EM-3409-CA Wildfire
2018 DR-4407-CA Yes Wildfires
2018 DR-5280-CA Yes Woolsey Fire
2018 DR-4353-CA Wildfires, Flooding, Mud Flow, Debris Flow

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2017 DR-1884-CA Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, and Debris and Mud Flows 2017 EM-3396-CA California Wildfires
2017 FM-5201-CA Yes California la Tuna Fire
2017 FM-5225-CA Yes California Creek Fire
2017 FM-5226-CA Yes California Rye Fire
2017 FM-5227-CA California Skirball Fire
2017 DR-4305-CA Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, and Mud Slides 2016 FM-5135-CA Yes California Sand Fire
2016 FM-5129-CA California Fish Fire
2016 FM-5132-CA California Sage Fire
2016 FM-5124-CA California Old Fire
2015 N/A Yes Rainstorms
2015 N/A Yes Wildfires
2014 N/A Yes Drought
2014 FM-5051-CA California Colby Fire
2013 FM-5025-CA Yes California Powerhouse Fire
2011 N/A Yes Windstorms
2010 N/A Yes Winter Storms
2010 FM-2851-CA California Crown Fire
2009 FM-2828-CA California Pv Fire
2009 FM-2830-CA Yes California Station Fire
2008 FM-2763-CA California Santa Anita Fire
2008 FM-2791-CA California Sayre Fire
2008 FM-2789-CA California Sesnon Fire
2008 FM-2792-CA California Freeway Complex Fire
2008 FM-2788-CA Mareck Fire
2008 FM-1810-CA Yes Wildfire in California
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B2-a.

Q: Does the plan provide an overall summary of each jurisdiction’s vulnerability to the identified hazards? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Table 3.2 and Table 3.3 below.

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Table 3.2: Calculated Priority Risk Index
(Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency)
CPRI
Category
Degree of Risk Assigned
Weighting
Factor
Level ID Description Index
Value
Probability
Unlikely
Extremely rare with no documented history of occurrences or events.

Annual probability of less than 1 in 1,000 years.
1 45%
Possibly Rare occurrences.

Annual probability of between 1 in 100 years and 1 in 1,000 years. 2 Likely
Occasional occurrences with at least 2 or more documented historic events.

Annual probability of between 1 in 10 years and 1 in 100 years. 3 Highly Likely Frequent events with a well-documented history of occurrence.

Annual probability of greater than 1 every year. 4
Magnitude/
Severity
Negligible
Negligible property damage (less than 5% of critical and non-critical facilities and infrastructure. Injuries or illnesses are treatable with first aid and there are no deaths.

Negligible loss of quality of life. Shutdown of critical public facilities for less than 24 hours.
1 30%
Limited
Slight property damage (greater than 5% and less than 25% of critical and non-critical facilities and infrastructure). Injuries or illnesses do not result in permanent disability, and there are no deaths. Moderate loss of quality of life. Shutdown of critical public facilities for more than 1 day and less than 1 week.
2 Critical
Moderate property damage (greater than 25% and less than 50% of critical and non-critical facilities and infrastructure). Injuries or illnesses result in permanent disability and at least 1 death.

Shutdown of critical public facilities for more than 1 week and less than 1 month.
3 Catastrophic
Severe property damage (greater than 50% of critical and noncritical facilities and infrastructure). Injuries and illnesses result in permanent disability and multiple deaths. Shutdown of critical public facilities for more than 1 month.
4 Warning
Time
> 24 hours Population will receive greater than 24 hours of warning. 1 15%
12–24 hours Population will receive between 12-24 hours of warning. 2 6-12 hours Population will receive between 6-12 hours of warning. 3 < 6 hours Population will receive less than 6 hours of warning. 4 Duration
< 6 hours Disaster event will last less than 6 hours. 1 10%
< 24 hours Disaster event will last less than 6-24 hours. 2 < 1 week Disaster event will last between 24 hours and 1 week. 3 > 1 week Disaster event will last more than 1 week. 4

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Table 3.3: Calculated Priority Risk Index Ranking for the City of Duarte (Source: City of Duarte Planning Team)
Hazard
ProbabilityWeighted 45% (x.45)Magnitude/SeverityWeighted 30% (x.3)Warning TimeWeighted 15% (x.15)DurationWeighted 10% (x.1)CPRI TotalHazard Priority Ranking * (H-High, M-Medium, L-Low) Dam Inundation 2 .90 3 .90 4 .60 2 .20 2.60 M
Earthquake 3 1.35 3 .90 4 .60 1 .10 2.75 H
Landslide 2 .90 2 .90 4 .60 1 .10 2.50 L
Flooding (including debris) 3 1.35 2 .90 2 .30 1 .10 2.65 M Wildfire 3 1.35 3 .90 4 .60 3 .30 3.15 H
Windstorm 3 1.35 2 .90 1 .15 2 .20 2.95 M
*Hazard Priority Ranking
High=CPRI score for probability + magnitude/severity (impact) = 6 or higher Medium=CPRI score for probability + magnitude/severity (impact) = 5 Low=CPRI score for probability + magnitude/severity (impact) = 3 or 4 N/A=CPRI score for probability + magnitude/severity (impact) = 2 Table 3.4: Hazard Source Review and Inclusion/Omission by Planning Team (Source: 2020 LHMP [LHMP]; California State Hazard Mitigation Plan [SHMP]; Los Angeles County AllHazards Mitigation Plan, [AHMP]; General Plan Safety Element [SE], National Risk Index [NRI])) Hazard Source Profiled
in HMP
Reason for
Inclusion/Omission
Dam
Failure
SHMP AHMP SE LHMP Y The Planning Team assigned
“medium” as the hazard priority
ranking and therefore is a
profiled hazard.

Earthquake NRI SHMP AHMP SE LHMP Y The Planning Team assigned “high” as the hazard priority
ranking and therefore is a
profiled hazard.

Strong
Wind
NRI SHMP LHMP Y The Planning Team assigned
“medium” as the hazard priority
ranking and therefore is a
profiled hazard.

Wildfire NRI SHMP AHMP LHMP Y The Planning Team assigned “high” as the hazard priority
ranking and therefore is a
profiled hazard.

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Hazard Source Profiled
in HMP
Reason for
Inclusion/Omission
Flooding NRI SHMP AHMP SE LHMP Y The Planning Team assigned “medium” as the hazard priority
ranking and therefore is a
profiled hazard.

Climate
Change
AHMP N Rather than a dedicated hazard
profile, the Planning Team chose
to integrate climate change
impacts into each of the profiled
hazards.

Drought NRI SHMP AHMP N On the basis of extent, the
Planning Team determined that
this hazard does not pose a
significant threat to the
community.

Heat Wave NRI SHMP N On the basis of extent, the
Planning Team determined that
this hazard does not pose a
significant threat to the
community.

Landslide NRI SHMP AHMP LHMP N The Planning Team assigned “low” as the hazard priority
ranking* and therefore not
profiled.

Lightning NRI N On the basis of extent, the
Planning Team determined that
this hazard does not pose a
significant threat to the
community.

Tornado NRI N On the basis of extent, the
Planning Team determined that
this hazard does not pose a
significant threat to the
community.

Q&A | ELEMENT E: PLAN UPDATE | E1-a.

Q: Does the plan describe the changes in development that have occurred in hazard-prone areas that have increased or decreased each community’s vulnerability since the previous plan was approved? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(d)(3))
A: See Changes in Development below.

Changes in Development
According to the City’s Planning Manager, since the 2020 HMP there have been several alterations to the development pattern of the City as specified below:
“The City has seen a significant increase in both residential & institutional development since the 2020 HMP. Three large multi-family residential projects have been constructed: The Huntington (161 du), Esperanza (344 du) and Solana (292 du). Both Esperanza and Solana are transitPage 151 of 386 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2026
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oriented developments within 1/4 mile of the Metro stop. The City has also experienced a large number of Accessory Dwelling Units (ADU), averaging about 25-30 ADU's per year. The City of Hope has constructed several large multi-story projects over this planning period: 351,000 square foot outpatient clinic, 147 room hotel, and a 1,000 stall parking garage.” The Manager went on to outline changes in development expected between 2025 and 2030 as follows:
“Land use development in Duarte has significantly influenced the community by shaping housing availability, economic opportunities, and overall quality of life. The city has implemented several Specific Plans to guide development, notably the Duarte Station Specific Plan and the Town Center Specific Plan, both aimed at fostering mixed-use, transit-oriented communities.” Duarte Station Specific Plan: This plan envisions transforming the area around the Metro A Line station into a vibrant transit village, integrating residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.

The plan allows for up to 1,400 residential units, including affordable housing options, and emphasizes pedestrian-friendly design to reduce reliance on automobiles. Such development aims to enhance connectivity and provide diverse housing choices, potentially attracting new residents and businesses to the area. To date, 636 units have been built in this Specific Plan area-Esperanza and Solana. Also, there have been two large public infrastructure improvement projects in this planning area, helping to widen the sidewalk and creating a promenade along the major thoroughfare.

Town Center Specific Plan: Focusing on revitalizing central Duarte, this plan seeks to create a downtown-like environment by encouraging substantial growth in commercial, mixed-use, residential, and lodging facilities. It provides for a net increase of 800 medium and high-density housing units near transit and services, promoting a more walkable and economically vibrant community. To date, Duarte has seen the construction of 161 units in a mixed-use development along Huntington Drive. A hotel development was approved but has yet to be constructed.

These strategic land use developments are designed to address housing shortages, stimulate economic growth, and improve residents' quality of life by creating more sustainable and connected neighborhoods. The City expects to see continued residential growth through both ADU's and the projected development of two affordable housing projects. Even with these alterations to the development pattern of Duarte, the vulnerability and impact of profiled hazards earthquake, flooding, dam inundation, wildfire, and windstorm are unchanged.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-a.

Q: Does the plan describe all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area, and does it provide the rationale if omitting any natural hazards that are commonly recognized to affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Hazard Profiles, Table 3.5 below
Hazard Profiles
Table 3.3 (Calculated Priority Risk Index) included all of the natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction. Table 3.2 (CPRI Key) emphasizes the importance of considering the “scope and scale” of a possible event. In other words, the planning team members were reminded to envision an event of such significance that a local declaration of emergency would likely be issued. The planning team chose to profile only those hazards with a medium or high Hazard Priority Ranking (probability + magnitude/severity). In total, these hazards include dam inundation, earthquake,

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flood, wildfire, and windstorm. Each of the profiled hazards are discussed in Table 3.5. The Table indicates a generalized perspective of the community’s vulnerability of the profiled hazards according to extent (or degree), location, and probability, and previous significant event for Duarte.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-b.

Q: Does the plan include information on the location of each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Table 3.5 below.

Table 3.5: Hazard Profile of Location, Extent, Probability, Previous Significant Event (Source: General Plan Safety Element, Planning Team)
Hazard Location (Where) Extent
(How Big an Event)
Probability*
(How Often)
Previous Significant
Event
Dam
Inundation
Southern, Built-out
areas of the City
Flood waters could reach the
City within 20 minutes
Possible None
Earthquake Citywide
The Southern California
Earthquake Center (SCEC) in
2007 concluded that there is a

99.7 % probability that an
earthquake of M6.7 or greater
will hit California within 30
years. Earthquake would most
likely originate from the San
Andreas fault.

Likely
The most recent
damaging earthquake
was the M6.7 Northridge
Earthquake in 1994.

Flooding Localized
Post-fire debris and urban
flooding to streets and
underpasses from heavy rains.

Possibly January 2017
Wildfire
Northern foothills,
Southern &
Eastern City
Boundaries
Severe fire hazard severity
ratings indicate potential for
major residential damages.

Likely
Homes threatened in
2025 Eaton Fire;
Evacuation Warnings
issued.

Windstorm Entire Project Area 50 miles per hour or greater Likely January 2025 * Probability is defined as: Unlikely = 1:1,000 years, Possibly = 1:100-1:1,000 years, Likely = 1:10-1:100 years, Highly Likely = 1:1 year
1 Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast
Earthquake
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-a.

Q: Does the plan describe all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area, and does it provide the rationale if omitting any natural hazards that are commonly recognized to affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Description below.

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Description
An earthquake is a sudden motion or trembling that is caused by a release of strain accumulated within or along the edge of the Earth's tectonic plates. The effects of an earthquake can be felt far beyond the site of its occurrence. They usually occur without warning and, after just a few seconds, can cause massive damage and extensive casualties. Common effects of earthquakes are ground motion and shaking, surface fault ruptures, and ground failure.

Ground Shaking
Ground shaking is the motion felt on the earth's surface caused by seismic waves generated by the earthquake. It is the primary cause of earthquake damage. The strength of ground shaking depends on the magnitude of the earthquake, the type of fault, and distance from the epicenter (where the earthquake originates). Buildings on poorly consolidated and thick soil will typically see more damage than buildings on consolidated soil and bedrock.

Liquefaction
Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other events. Liquefaction occurs in saturated soils, which are soils in which the space between individual soil particles is completely filled with water. This water exerts pressure on the soil particles that influences how tightly the particles themselves are pressed together. Prior to an earthquake, the water pressure is relatively low. However, earthquake shaking can cause water pressure to increase to the point where the soil particles can readily move with respect to each other. Because liquefaction only occurs in saturated soil, its effects are most commonly observed in low lying areas. Typically, liquefaction is associated with shallow groundwater, which is less than 50 feet beneath the earth’s surface. See Liquefaction Areas discussion below for more information.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-c.

Q: Does the plan describe the extent for each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Table 3.6, HAZUS, Map 3.2-3.4 below.

Mercalli Scale and Peak Ground Acceleration Comparison
One tool used to describe earthquake intensity is the Magnitude Scale. The Magnitude Scale is sometimes referred to as the Richter Scale. The two are similar but not exactly the same. The Magnitude Scale was devised as a means of rating earthquake strength and is an indirect measure of seismic energy released. The Scale is logarithmic with each one-point increase corresponding to a 10-fold increase in the amplitude of the seismic shock waves generated by the earthquake. In terms of actual energy released, however, each one-point increase on the Richter scale corresponds to about a 32-fold increase in energy released. Therefore, a Magnitude 7 (M7) earthquake is 100 times (10 X 10) more powerful than a M5 earthquake and releases 1,024 times (32 X 32) the amount of energy. Table 3.6 compares the Mercalli Scale and Peak Ground Acceleration.

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Table 3.6: Mercalli Scale and Peak Ground Acceleration Comparison (Source: USGS)
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-b.

Q: Does the plan include information on the location of each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Local Conditions, Map 3.1 below.

Local Conditions
According to the General Plan Safety Element, The Sierra Madre Fault crosses through the City and the City is in close proximity to the Raymond Fault, Walnut Creek Fault, Sawpit Canyon Fault, and the San Andreas Fault. According to the City’s 2020 Hazard Mitigation Plan, the probability of an earthquake affecting the City is likely and could impact all areas of the City. In 2007, the Southern California Earthquake Center concluded that there is a 99.9% probability that an earthquake of magnitude (M) 6.7 or greater will hit California within 30 years. Earthquakes that could affect the City would most likely originate along the San Andreas (M7.8), Sierra Madre (M7.2), or Puente Hills (M7.0) Faults. These faults are close enough to generate strong enough shaking that could substantially impact the City.

Geologic conditions in and around Duarte may cause problems if proper precautions are not taken. The northeast mountainous areas of the City are generally too steep and bedrock is too unstable for typical construction. Erosion, landslides, and shaking from earthquakes can be severe hazards within these areas. Factors contributing to landslide potential are steep slopes, unstable terrain, and proximity to earthquake faults. Potential liquefaction hazard zones are in the southeastern portion of the City, which consists of alluvial valleys, floodplains, and canyons.

In addition, areas with expansive soil can cause problems such as damage to building foundations if not properly mitigated prior to construction.

Map 3.1 shows the geographic relationship of the City to surrounding active and potentially active faults.

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Map 3.1: Earthquake Faults near Duarte
(Source: General Plan Safety Element, 2021)

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Estimation of Potential Human and Economic Losses Based on the Exposure and Vulnerability of People, Buildings, and Infrastructure
A vulnerability assessment in its simplest form is a simultaneous look at the geographical location of hazards and an inventory of the underlying land uses (populations, structures, etc.). Facilities that provide critical and essential services following a major emergency are of particular concern because these locations house staff and equipment necessary to provide important public safety, emergency response, and/or disaster recovery functions.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-c.

Q: Does the plan describe the extent for each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(ii)) A: See Map 3.2-3.4 below.

HAZUS
The hazard maps in the mitigation plan were generated by Emergency Planning Consultants using FEMA’s Hazards United States – Multi Hazard (HAZUS-MH) software program. Below are the maps
generated by HAZUS while the associated reports are available separately. Once the location and size of a hypothetical earthquake are identified, HAZUS-MH estimates the intensity of the ground shaking, the number of buildings damaged, the number of casualties, the amount of damage to transportation systems and utilities, the number of people displaced from their homes, and the estimated cost of repair and clean up. It’s important to note that the “project area” is based on Census tracts not jurisdictional boundaries.

Risk assessments, conducted for hazard mitigation, estimate the potential economic and social impact that a natural hazard can have on buildings, people, services, and infrastructure. Higher quality data produces better and more reliable results in risk assessment. Accurate and reliable risk assessment results help communities develop sound mitigation options to reduce their vulnerabilities. Figure 3.1 illustrates the concept of risk as the relationship, or overlap, between hazards and community assets. The smaller the overlap, the lower the risk.

Figure 3.1: Assessing Risk in the Hazard Mitigation Plan (Source: Local Mitigation Planning Handbook, FEMA, 2025)

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Map 3.2: HAZUS – Compton M7.4
(Source: Emergency Planning Consultants, 2025)

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Map 3.3: HAZUS – Raymond M6.7
(Source: Emergency Planning Consultants, 2025)

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Map 3.4: HAZUS – San Andreas M8.0
(Source: Emergency Planning Consultants, 2025)

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Liquefaction Area
According to the Safety Element, liquefaction presents the most prominent secondary earthquake ground failure issue in the city. Liquefaction-related lateral spreads can occur adjacent to stream channels and deep washes that provide a free face toward which the liquefied mass of soil fails.

Lateral spreads can cause extensive damage to pipelines, utilities, bridges, roads and other structures.

Landslides and Slope Failure
According to the Safety Element, seismic related landsliding and slope failure have a risk of occurring in Duarte, with hazard areas primarily located in the northern regions of the city. The prior adoption of grading requirements in the Building Code and incorporation of slope landscaping requirements have addressed most of these problems.

Map 3.5 depicts the liquefaction and landslide areas in Duarte. Liquefaction hazards in Duarte are generally low due to low groundwater levels. However, there are limited areas of liquefaction potential located in the western portion of the city.

Map 3.5: Liquefaction Areas
(Source: Safety Element, 2021)

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Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-d.

Q: Does the plan include the history of previous hazard events for each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Previous Earthquakes Impacting Duarte, Previous Earthquakes Impacting Los Angeles County, and Table 3.7 below.

Previous Earthquakes Impacting Duarte
According to the planning team, Northridge (1994) earthquakes impacted ridge top locations in the City and locations near the margins of alluvial basins.

Since the writing of the 2020 HMP, there have been no federal disaster declarations relating to earthquakes in Duarte.

Previous Earthquakes Impacting Los Angeles County
According to the County of Los Angeles All-Hazards Mitigation Plan (2025), significant earthquakes in the county over the past 50 years included the following:

Table 3.7: Previous Earthquakes Impacting Los Angeles County (Source: County of Los Angeles AHMP; FEMA Disaster Declaration, 2024) Date Location Federal
Declaration Impact
July 6, 2019 Ridgecrest (M 7.1) NA fires reported as a result of gas leaks no reported major injuries, deaths or major
building damage
March 28, 2014 La Habra (M 5.1) NA few injuries and $10 million dollars in damages July 29, 2008 Chino Hills (M 5.5) NA 8 injuries and limited damages January 17, 1994 Northridge (M 6.7) DR-1008-CA 57 deaths, 8,700 injuries and up to $40 billion dollars in damages
June 28, 1991 Sierra Madre (M 5.6) NA 1 death, 100+ injuries and up to $40 million dollars in damages
February 28, 1990 Upland (M 5.7) NA 30 injuries and $12.7 million dollars in damages
October 1, 1987 Whitter (M 5.9) DR-799-CA 8 deaths, 200 injuries and $358 million in damages
February 9, 1971 San Fernando (M 6.6) DR-299-CA 58 – 65 deaths, 200 – 2,000 injuries and up to $553 million in damages
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-e.

Q: Does the plan include the probability of future events for each identified hazard including the type, location and range of anticipated intensities? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Probability of Future Earthquakes below.

Probability of Future Earthquakes
Earthquakes occur every day throughout California. However, earthquakes that cause widespread catastrophic damage do not happen often. When conducting the risk assessment,

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the planning team determined that the probability of a catastrophic earthquake affecting Duarte is likely with an annual probability of occurrence being between 1 in 10 and 1 in 100 years.

Dam Inundation
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-a.

Q: Does the plan describe all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area, and does it provide the rationale if omitting any natural hazards that are commonly recognized to affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Description below.

Description
Dam inundation results from a partial or complete dam failure from a number of natural or human causes, including earthquakes, erosion of the face or foundation, rapidly rising flood waters, improper sitting, and structural/design flaws. Spillage also takes place to minimize load on a dam at full capacity.

Since 1929, the State of California has been responsible for overseeing dams to safeguard life and property (California Department of Resources, 1995). This legislation was prompted by the 1928 failure of St. Francis Dam located in Los Angeles County. In 1965, the law was amended to include off-stream storage reservoirs due to the 1963 failure of Baldwin Hill Reservoir. In 1973, Senate Bill 896 was enacted to require dam owners, under the direction of Cal OES, to show the possible inundation path in the event of a dam failure.

Dam failure could require governmental assistance to continue over an extended period. These efforts could require the removal of debris and clearing of roadways, demolishing unsafe structures, assisting in reestablishing public services and utilities, and providing continuing care and welfare for the affected population including, as required, temporary housing for displaced persons.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-b.

Q: Does the plan include information on the location of each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Local Conditions. Table 3.8, and Map 3.10 below.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-c.

Q: Does the plan describe the extent for each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Local Conditions below.

Local Conditions
If not for the successful flood control system, the City of Duarte could experience major flood events based on its location at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. The range’s major watershed is the San Gabriel River with three main forks and countless tributaries that fully drain 20 percent of the mountain’s precipitation. The San Gabriel River runs in a north/south direction near the east boundary of the City of Duarte.

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The San Gabriel River is controlled by a network of dams and flood control measures. This network of carefully planned dams has protected the City of Duarte from any serious flooding events. The natural water cycle and flow are significantly altered to protect the adjacent communities from flood damage and to better use local water resources for urban and agricultural water supplies. The network of dams and flood control measures have been very effective in controlling flood waters in Los Angeles County; however, a major earthquake could cause sudden failure of one of these dams resulting in major damage. There are three dams on the Los Angeles network that could have a direct impact on the city:

Table 3.8: Dams Impacting City of Duarte
(Source: Emergency Planning Consultants, 2025)
Name of Facility Owner Primary Purpose
Cogswell Dam Los Angeles County Department of Public Works Flood Control/Water Conservation San Gabriel Dam Los Angeles County Department of Public Works Flood Control Morris Dam Los Angeles County Department of Public Works Flood Control/Water Conservation Cogswell Dam
Cogswell Dam is a rockfill structure located on the West Fork of the San Gabriel River within the San Gabriel Mountains in Los Angeles County, California. Situated approximately 7.3 miles north of Duarte, the dam plays a crucial role in regional flood control and water conservation efforts.

Constructed between 1932 and 1934, Cogswell Dam was designed to mitigate flooding risks and manage water resources for communities downstream, including Duarte. Its strategic location allows it to work in conjunction with other dams, such as the San Gabriel Dam and Morris Dam, to control water flow and reduce the potential for flood damage in the San Gabriel Valley.

According to the Department of Dam Safety’s Dam Breach Inundation Map, the depth of flooding would range from 1-20 feet during a breach. The Cogswell Reservoir has a capacity of 9,000 acre-feet.

San Gabriel Dam
San Gabriel Dam is a significant flood control and water conservation structure located in the San Gabriel Mountains, north of Azusa, California. Constructed between 1932 and 1939, the dam serves to manage the flow of the San Gabriel River, thereby mitigating flood risks and contributing to water supply management for downstream communities, including the City of Duarte. The dam's reservoir plays a crucial role in flood protection for Duarte. According to the City of Duarte's Safety Element, the San Gabriel Dam, along with Cogswell Dam and Morris Dam, provides essential flood control measures that safeguard the city from potential flooding events. According to the Department of Dam Safety’s Dam Breach Inundation Map, the depth of flooding would range from 1-20 feet during a breach. The San Gabriel Reservoir has a capacity of 44,000 acrefeet.

Morris Dam
Morris Dam, officially known as the Samuel B. Morris Dam, is a concrete gravity dam located on the San Gabriel River in the San Gabriel Mountains, northeast of Azusa and Duarte. Completed in 1934 by the City of Pasadena, the dam was originally intended to serve as a water supply facility. However, its role has evolved to focus primarily on flood control and groundwater recharge, benefiting downstream communities, including the City of Duarte. In conjunction with the nearby Cogswell and San Gabriel Dams, Morris Dam provides critical flood protection for Duarte. According to the Department of Dam Safety’s Dam Breach Inundation Map, the depth of flooding would range from 1-20 feet during a breach. Morris Dam has a capacity of 40,000 acrefeet.

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Map 3.10: Dam Failure Inundation Areas
(Source: Safety Element)
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-d.

Q: Does the plan include the history of previous hazard events for each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Previous Dam Failure in Duarte and Previous Dam Failure in Southern California below.

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Previous Dam Failure in Duarte
There is no history of dam failure impacting the City of Duarte.

Since the 2020 HMP, there have been no federal disaster declarations relating to dam failure in Duarte.

Previous Dam Failure in Southern California
A total of 45 dam failures have occurred in California since the 19th century. The significant dam failures in Southern California are listed below in Table 3.10. There were no federal disaster declarations for dam failure in Southern California.

Table 3.10: Dam Failures in Southern California
(Source: http://cee.engr.ucdavis.edu/faculty/lund/dams/Dam_History_Page/Failures.htm) Dam and Date of
Failure
Location
(County) Cause
Sheffield 1925 Santa Barbara Earthquake-induced slide
Puddingstone
1926
Pomona Overtopping during construction
Lake Hemet 1927 Palm Springs Overtopping
St. Francis 1928 San
Francisquito
Canyon
Sudden failure at full capacity through foundation, 426 deaths Cogswell 1934 Monrovia Breaching of concrete cover
Baldwin Hills 1963 Los Angeles Leak through embankment turned into washout, 3 deaths Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-e.

Q: Does the plan include the probability of future events for each identified hazard including the type, location and range of anticipated intensities? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Probability of Future Events below.

Probability of Future Events
When conducting the risk assessment, the Planning Team determined that the probability of a catastrophic dam failure affecting Duarte is possible with an annual probability of occurrence being between 1 in 100 and 1 in 1000 years.

There are several contributing factors to dam failures including floods and earthquakes.

According to the Fifth National Climate Assessment, extreme precipitation–producing weather systems ranging from tropical cyclones to atmospheric rivers are very likely to produce heavier precipitation at higher global warming levels. Recent increases in frequency, severity, and amount of extreme precipitation are expected to continue across the US even if global warming is limited to the Paris Agreement targets. Changes in extreme precipitation events differ seasonally as they are very likely to increase in spring and winter across continental US in the fall, while projected changes in the summer season are more uncertain. These systems will continue to put stress dams increasing their risk of failure.

Increased extreme precipitation events, erosion, and droughts in Duarte can increase the risk of dam failure. An increase in precipitation can put the dam at risk of over spilling. Erosion from

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water, wind, and earthquakes can cause structural damage to dams making them more likely to fail if they are not maintained. Drought conditions can cause buckling of dams if not properly inspected and maintained.

Figure 3.4: Climate-Related Factors in Dam Failure
Source: Fifth National Climate Assessment (2023)
Flooding
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-a.

Q: Does the plan describe all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area, and does it provide the rationale if omitting any natural hazards that are commonly recognized to affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Description below.

Description
A floodplain is a land area adjacent to a river, stream, lake, estuary, or other water body that is subject to flooding. This area, if left undisturbed, acts to store excess flood water. The floodplain is made up of two sections: the floodway and the flood fringe. The 100-year flooding event is the flood having a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in magnitude in any given year.

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Contrary to popular belief, it is not a flood occurring once every 100 years. The 100-year floodplain is the area adjoining a river, stream, or watercourse covered by water in the event of a 100-year flood. Figure 3.1: Floodplain and Floodway shows the relationship between the floodplain and the floodway.

Figure 3.1: Floodplain and Floodway
(Source: FEMA How-To-Guide Assessing Hazards)
Types of Flooding
Two types of flooding primarily affect the region: slow-rise or flash flooding. Slow-rise floods may be preceded by a warning period of hours or days. Evacuation and sandbagging for slow-rise floods have often effectively lessened flood related damage. Conversely, flash floods are most difficult to prepare for, due to extremely limited, if any, advance warning and preparation time.

For the City of Duarte, floodplains are controlled by infrastructure while localized or urban flooding continues to pose a problem from time to time. In addition, post-fire debris flows pose a significant threat during heavy rains.

Atmospheric Rivers
According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), atmospheric rivers are relatively long, narrow regions in the atmosphere – like rivers in the sky – that transport most of the water vapor outside of the tropics. These columns of vapor move with the weather, carrying an amount of water vapor roughly equivalent to the average flow of water at the mouth of the Mississippi River. When the atmospheric rivers make landfall, they often release this water vapor in the form of rain or snow.

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Definitions of FEMA Flood Zone Designations
Flood zones are geographic areas that the FEMA has defined according to varying levels of flood risk. These zones are depicted on a community's Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) or Flood Hazard Boundary Map. Each zone reflects the severity or type of flooding in the area.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-c.

Q: Does the plan describe the extent for each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(ii)) A: See Table 3.8, Map 3.7-3.8 below.

Table 3.8: FEMA Flood Zones
(Source: FEMA)
Moderate to Low Risk Areas
In communities that participate in the NFIP, flood insurance is available to all property owners and renters in these zones:

ZONE DESCRIPTION
B and X (shaded)
Area of moderate flood hazard, usually the area between the limits of the 100-year and 500- year floods. B Zones are also used to designate base floodplains of lesser hazards, such as areas protected by levees from 100-year flood, or shallow flooding areas with average depths of less than one foot or drainage areas less than 1 square mile.

C and X
(unshaded)
Area of minimal flood hazard usually depicted on FIRMs as above the 500-year flood level.

Zone C may have ponding and local drainage problems that do not warrant a detailed study or designation as base floodplain. Zone X is the area determined to be outside the 500-year flood and protected by levee from 100-year flood.

High Risk Areas
In communities that participate in the NFIP, mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements apply to all of these zones:

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ZONE DESCRIPTION
A
Areas with a 1% annual chance of flooding and a 26% chance of flooding over the life of a 30- year mortgage. Because detailed analyses are not performed for such areas; no depths or base flood elevations are shown within these zones.

AE The base floodplain where base flood elevations are provided. AE Zones are now used on new format FIRMs instead of A1-A30 Zones.

A1-30 These are known as numbered A Zones (e.g., A7 or A14). This is the base floodplain where the FIRM shows a BFE (old format).

AH
Areas with a 1% annual chance of shallow flooding, usually in the form of a pond, with an average depth ranging from 1 to 3 feet. These areas have a 26% chance of flooding over the life of a 30-year mortgage. Base flood elevations derived from detailed analyses are shown at selected intervals within these zones.

AO
River or stream flood hazard areas, and areas with a 1% or greater chance of shallow flooding each year, usually in the form of sheet flow, with an average depth ranging from 1 to 3 feet.

These areas have a 26% chance of flooding over the life of a 30-year mortgage. Average flood depths derived from detailed analyses are shown within these zones.

AR
Areas with a temporarily increased flood risk due to the building or restoration of a flood control system (such as a levee or a dam). Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements will apply, but rates will not exceed the rates for unnumbered A zones if the structure is built or restored in compliance with Zone AR floodplain management regulations.

A99
Areas with a 1% annual chance of flooding that will be protected by a Federal flood control system where construction has reached specified legal requirements. No depths or base flood elevations are shown within these zones.

Undetermined Risk Areas

ZONE DESCRIPTION
D
Areas with possible but undetermined flood hazards. No flood hazard analysis has been conducted. Flood insurance rates are commensurate with the uncertainty of the flood risk.

Although atmospheric rivers come in many shapes and sizes, those that contain the largest amounts of water vapor and the strongest winds can create extreme rainfall and floods, often by stalling over watersheds vulnerable to flooding. These events can disrupt travel, induce mudslides, and cause catastrophic damage to life and property. A well-known example is the "Pineapple Express," a strong atmospheric river that can bring moisture from the tropics near Hawaii over to the US West Coast.

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Figure 3.2: Atmospheric Rivers
(Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2023) While atmospheric rivers are responsible for great quantities of rain that can produce flooding, they also contribute to beneficial increases in snowpack. A series of atmospheric rivers fueled the strong winter storms that battered the U.S. West Coast from western Washington to southern California from December 10–22, 2010, producing 11 to 25 inches of rain in certain areas. These rivers also contributed to the snowpack in the Sierras, which received 75 percent of its annual snow by December 22, the first full day of winter.

NOAA research (e.g., NOAA Hydrometeorological Testbed and Cal Water) uses satellite, radar, aircraft and other observations, as well as major numerical weather model improvements, to better understand atmospheric rivers and their importance to both weather and climate Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-b.

Q: Does the plan include information on the location of each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Local Conditions below.

Local Conditions
Although the San Gabriel River is adjacent to the City, the majority of the City’s flooding concerns are from urban flooding and post-fire debris flows.

Post-Fire Debris Flow
According to USGS, post-fire debris flows are triggered by either surface erosion caused by rainfall runoff or landsliding caused by rainfall seeping into the ground. These flows can start on a dry slope after heavy rainfall and can travel many miles downstream, affecting areas that were neither burned nor received any rain. The extreme heat from wildfires alters soil properties and

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vegetation, leading to changes in runoff rates and sediment transport, increasing the likelihood of runoff-generated debris flows. High-intensity, short-duration bursts of rain are often the trigger for these flows.

Urban Flooding
While urban flooding is not a major problem in the city, it is one that requires on-going maintenance of existing storm drains and flood control channels. Debris accumulation in storm drains and flood control channels is also one of the largest maintenance problems for the city.

Low-lying areas of the City are particularly susceptible to urban flooding. According to the Safety Element, the following areas are considered at risk to urban flooding:
• Huntington Drive, north side, west of Buena Vista Street • Encanto Parkway, north of Huntington Drive
• Encanto Parkway near Fish Canyon Road
• Central Avenue, north side, east of Santo Domingo Avenue • Buena Vista Street, east side, south of Galen Street
• Vineyard Avenue north of Royal Oaks
The problems are most often present when storm water runoff enters culverts or goes underground into storm sewers. Inadequate maintenance can also contribute to flood hazards in the urban areas.

As land is converted from fields or woodlands to roads and parking lots, it loses its ability to absorb rainfall. Urbanization of a watershed changes the hydrologic systems of the basin. Heavy rainfall collects and flows faster on impervious concrete and asphalt surfaces. The water moves from the clouds to the ground, and into streams at a much faster rate in urban areas. Adding these elements to the hydrological systems can result in flood waters that rise very rapidly and peak with violent force. Almost 75 percent of the urbanized area in the City of Duarte has a high concentration of impermeable surfaces that either collect water or concentrate the flow of water in unnatural channels. During periods of urban flooding, streets can become swift moving rivers and low-lying areas can fill with water.

Map 3.7 depicts the flood map for Duarte. No part of the city lies within a 100-year flood zone.

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Map 3.7: FEMA Flood Zones
(Source: General Plan Safety Element, 2021)

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Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-d.

Q: Does the plan include the history of previous hazard events for each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Previous Flooding in Duarte, Previous Flooding in Los Angeles County and Table 3.9 below.

Previous Flooding in Duarte
Flooding has not been a serious hazard to Duarte in several decades. However, the potential for localized urban flooding and post-fire debris flows still exists. According to the General Plan Safety Element, the most recent significant post-fire debris flows took place in January and February of 2017 which resulted in flooding and debris accumulation from the Fish Fire into several streets in Duarte’s foothills. See Local Conditions for information about urban flooding risks.

Previous Flooding Impacting Los Angeles County
According to the General Plan, historic flooding records in Los Angeles County show that since 1811, the Los Angeles River has flooded 30 times, on average once every 6.1 years. But averages are deceiving, for the Los Angeles basin goes through periods of drought and then periods of above average rainfall. Between 1889 and 1891, the river flooded every year, from 1941 to 1945, the river flooded 5 times. Conversely, from 1896 to 1914, and again from 1944 to 1969, a period of 25 years, the river did not have serious floods.

Average annual precipitation in Los Angeles County ranges from 13 inches on the coast to approximately 40 inches on the highest point of the Peninsular Mountain Range that transects the county. Several factors determine the severity of floods, including rainfall intensity and duration. A large amount of rainfall over a short time can result in flash flood conditions. A sudden thunderstorm or heavy rain, dam failure, or sudden spills can cause flash flooding. The National Weather Service’s definition of a flash flood is a flood occurring in a watershed where the time of travel of the peak of flow from one end of the watershed to the other is less than six hours.

The towering mountains that give the Los Angeles region its spectacular views also bring a great deal of rain out of the storm clouds that pass through. Because the mountains are so steep, the rainwater moves rapidly down the slopes and across the coastal plains on its way to the ocean.

The Santa Monica, Santa Susana and Verdugo Mountains, which surround three sides of the valley, seldom reach heights above three thousand feet. The western San Gabriel Mountains, in contrast, have elevations of more than seven thousand feet. These higher ridges often trap eastern-moving winter storms. Although downtown Los Angeles averages just fifteen inches of rain a year, some peaks in the San Gabriel Mountains receive more than forty inches of precipitation annually, as much as many locations in the humid eastern United States” (Source:

The Los Angeles River: It’s Life, Death, and Possible Rebirth, Gumprecht 2001). Naturally, this rainfall moves rapidly downstream, often with severe consequences for anything in its path. In extreme cases, flood-generated debris flows will roar down a canyon at speeds near 40 miles per hour with a wall of mud, debris and water, tens of feet high. Flooding occurs when climate, geology, and hydrology combine to create conditions where water flows outside of its usual course.

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Table 3.9: Previous Flooding in Los Angeles County
(Source: FEMA Disaster Declaration, 2024)
Date Location
Federal
Declaration
State
Executive
Order/State of
Emergency
Declaration Title
March 10, 2023 Los Angeles
County
EM-3592-CA Severe Winter Storms, Flooding,
Landslides, and Mudslides
January 14, 2023
Los Angeles
County
DR-4683-CA Severe Winter Storms, Flooding,
Landslides, and Mudslides
January 9, 2023
Los Angeles
County
EM-3591-CA Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, and
Mudslides
August 18, 2023
Fresno,
Imperial, Inyo,
Kern, Los
Angeles,
Orange,
Riverside, San
Bernardino,
San Diego,
Tulare, and
Ventura
NA State of
Emergency
Hurricane Hilary related flooding
March 16, 2017
Los Angeles
County
DR-4305-CA Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, and
Mudslides
February 3, 1993
Los Angeles
County
DR-979-CA Severe Winter Storms, Mud &
Landslides, Flooding
February 25, 1992
Los Angeles
County
DR-935-CA Rain/Snow/Windstorms, Flooding,
Mudslides
February 5, 1988
Los Angeles
County
DR-812-CA
Severe Storms, High Tides & Flooding
February 21 1980
Los Angeles
County
DR-615-CA
Severe Storms, Mudslides & Flooding
February 15 1978
Los Angeles
County
DR-547-CA
Coastal Storms, Mudslides & Flooding
January 26, 1969
Los Angeles
County
DR-253-CA
Severe Storms & Flooding
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-e.

Q: Does the plan include the probability of future events for each identified hazard including the type, location and range of anticipated intensities? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Probability of Future Flooding Events, Climate Change Considerations below.

Probability of Future Flooding Events
When conducting the risk assessment, the Planning Team determined that the probability of a flood resulting in significant damage is slight, with an annual probability of occurrence being between 1 in 10 and 1 in 100 years.

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Climate Change Considerations
According to the Fifth National Climate Assessment, extreme precipitation–producing weather systems ranging from tropical cyclones to atmospheric rivers are very likely to produce heavier precipitation at higher global warming levels. Recent increases in frequency, severity, and amount of extreme precipitation are expected to continue across the US even if global warming is limited to the Paris Agreement targets. Changes in extreme precipitation events differ seasonally—they are very likely to increase in spring and winter across the continental US and Alaska and in eastern and northwestern states in the fall, while projected changes in the summer season are more uncertain.

Figure 3.3: Climate Change Impacts to Inland Flood Drivers and Flood Activity Source: Fifth National Climate Assessment (2023)
According to Cal Adapt, Duarte has a 30-year average baseline of 26.0 inches of precipitation.

During the mid-century (2035-2064) this 30-year average is projected to drop slightly to 25.3 inches of precipitation under high emissions scenario. During the end-century (2070-2099) it is projected Duarte’s 30-year average precipitation will remain at 25.4 inches.

The maps are from the National Climate Assessment Interactive Atlas Explorer and depict the change in the number of days with extreme precipitation for 4 different global warming levels. The first level is if Earth’s Temperature rises 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius) above the pre-industrial average. The effects of a 1.5-degree Celsius change on the number of extreme precipitation days is depicted in Map 3.8. Under this scenario, the annual number of days with precipitation in the top 1% of historical rainfall events in Los Angeles County is projected to increase by 19% compared to 1991 to 2020. The second level is if Earth’s Temperature rises

3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius) above the pre-industrial average and is depicted in

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Map 3.9. Under this scenario, the annual number of days with precipitation in the top 1% of historical rainfall events in Los Angeles County is projected to increase by 12% compared to 1991 to 2020. The third level is if Earth’s temperature rises 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit (3 degrees Celsius) above the pre-industrial average and is depicted in Map 3.10. Under this scenario, the annual number of days with precipitation in the top 1% of historical rainfall events in Los Angeles County is projected to increase by 27% compared to 1991 to 2020. The fourth level is if Earth’s temperature rises 7.2 degrees Fahrenheit (4 degrees Celsius) above the pre-industrial average and is depicted in Map 3.11. Under this scenario, the annual number of days with precipitation in the top 1% of historical rainfall events in Los Angeles County is projected to increase by 59% compared to 1991 to 2020.

The increase in the number of extreme precipitation days will increase the probability Duarte, and more broadly Los Angeles County, will experience flooding events. An increase in flood events will strain the city’s capacity to respond to maintenance and repair activities due to flood events.

Additional infrastructure modifications and retrofitting may be required for the city to better respond to and recover from flooding events.

Map 3.8: Global Warming Level 1.5 deg C
Source: Fifth National Climate Assessment

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Map 3.9: Global Warming Level 2 deg C
Source: Fifth National Climate Assessment

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Map 3.10: Global Warming Level 3 deg C
Source: Fifth National Climate Assessment

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Map 3.11: Global Warming Level 4 deg C
Source: Fifth National Climate Assessment

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Wildfire
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-a.

Q: Does the plan describe all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area, and does it provide the rationale if omitting any natural hazards that are commonly recognized to affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Description below.

Description
Wildfire is an uncontrolled fire spreading through vegetative fuels and exposing or possibly consuming structures. They often begin unnoticed and spread quickly. Naturally occurring and non-native species of grass, brush, and trees fuel wildfires. A wildland fire is a wildfire in an area in which development is essentially nonexistent, except for roads, railroads, power lines and similar facilities. A wildland/urban interface fire is a wildfire in a geographical area where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with wildland or vegetative fuels.

Wildfire Characteristics
There are three categories of wildland/urban interface fire. The classic wildland/urban interface exists where well-defined urban and suburban development presses up against open expanses of wildland areas; the mixed wildland/urban interface is characterized by isolated homes, subdivisions, and small communities situated predominantly in wildland settings.

The occluded wildland/urban interface exists where islands of wildland vegetation occur inside a largely urbanized area. Certain conditions must be present for significant interface fires to occur.

The most common conditions include hot, dry and windy weather; the inability of fire protection forces to contain or suppress the fire; the occurrence of multiple fires that overwhelm committed resources; and a large fuel load (dense vegetation). Once a fire has started, several conditions influence its behavior, including fuel, topography, and weather.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-b.

Q: Does the plan include information on the location of each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Local Conditions, Map 3.12 below.

Local Conditions
According to the Safety Element, the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) ranks fire hazards of wildland areas of the state using four main criteria: fuels, weather, assets at risk, and level of service. According to CAL FIRE’s Fire Hazard Severity Zone map, Duarte is located in a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone. Duarte’s location at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains creates an urban/wildland interface that makes Duarte more susceptible to wildfires than cities that do not border the foothills. The most recent wildfire in the northeastern portion of Duarte was the San Gabriel Complex Fire in 2016, which required evacuation of 1,376 homes. As shown in Map 3.12, residents living north of Royal Oaks Drive are at substantial risk of a wildland fire. This has resulted in low densities in the privately held hillside areas. The City’s Development Code has established Hillside Development Standards that include minimizing risk to properties associated with wildfires and require that all new construction on hillside areas comply with the California Building Code and California Fire Code.

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Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-c.

Q: Does the plan describe the extent for each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Map 3.12 below.

Map 3.12: Fire Hazard Severity Zones – Local Responsibility Area (Source: California Office of the State Fire Marshal, 2025)

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Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-d.

Q: Does the plan include the history of previous hazard events for each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Previous Wildfires Impacting Duarte, and Previous Wildfires Impacting Los Angeles County, and Table 3.10 below.

Previous Wildfires Impacting Duarte
The most recent fire to affect the City of Duarte and surrounding communities was the Eaton Fire.

The Eaton Fire ignited on January 7, 2025, burning over 14,000 including 9,400 structures and resulting in 18 fatalities. While Duarte was not directly affected, the city faced evacuation warnings and helped to provide shelter for those displaced by the fire.

City of Hope, a prominent cancer treatment center in Duarte, faced immediate threats from the advancing fire. The facility prepared for the potential evacuation of its 220 inpatients. Fortunately, a shift in the wind direction prevented the fire from reaching the hospital, allowing it to remain operational.

To accommodate those displaced by the fire, a shelter was established at the Pamela Park gymnasium in Duarte. This facility provided meals, mental health services, and assistance in finding permanent housing. The shelter aimed to keep evacuees close to their social networks and familiar resources.

Previous Wildfires Impacting Los Angeles County
The most recent significant wildfire event to impact Los Angeles County was the Palisades Fire and Eaton Fire in January 2025. The Palisades Fire was a devastating wildfire that ignited on January 7, 2025, in the Santa Monica Mountains of Los Angeles County. Over 24 days, it consumed approximately 23,000 acres, leading to the destruction of nearly 6,800 homes and resulting in at least 29 fatalities. The fire prompted the evacuation of over 100,000 residents from areas including Pacific Palisades, Topanga, and Malibu. Significant cultural landmarks were affected, such as the Getty Villa Museum grounds and historic structures in Will Rogers State Historic Park.

The Eaton Fire, which began on January 7, 2025, had a significant impact on Los Angeles County, particularly affecting the San Gabriel Mountains and nearby communities like Altadena and Duarte. The fire burned over 9,400 acres, destroying thousands of structures and resulting in 17 fatalities. It prompted widespread evacuations, including residents from at-risk neighborhoods and key facilities like the City of Hope cancer treatment center in Duarte. The fire also brought attention to environmental concerns, as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) designated a local site, Lario Park, for hazardous debris processing, sparking opposition from local communities over potential contamination risks. The Eaton Fire's destruction and the challenges faced in recovery, including slow rebuilding efforts, highlighted the vulnerability of Los Angeles County to wildfire risks and the need for improved fire prevention, preparedness, and resilience in urban and wildland areas.

Table 3.10: Wildfires Impacting Los Angeles County 2018-2025 (Source: NOAA Storm Events Database)
Date Fire Damage

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01/07/2025 Palisades Fire Burned over 23,000 acres. The fire destroyed nearly 6,800 homes and resulted in at least 29 fatalities. Extensive damage to critical infrastructure and roadside facilities. 01/07/2025 Eaton Fire Burned over 9,400 acres. The fire destroyed over 9,400 structures and resulted in 17 fatalities.
9/6/2020 Bobcat Fire The Bobcat Fire burned 115,796 acres in the Angeles National Forest as well as the foothills of the Antelope Valley and San Gabriel Valleys. Overall, 87 homes were destroyed and 28 more homes were damaged.
10/28/2019 The Getty Fire Burned 745 acres. The fire destroyed 10 residences and damaged 15 other residences. 10/24/2019 The Tick Fire Burned 4,615 acres in the Canyon County area of Los Angeles County. The fire destroyed 23 homes and damaged 40 others. During the incident, four firefighter injuries were reported.
10/10/2019 The Saddle
Ridge Fire
Burned 8,799 acres across the foothills of the San Fernando Valley as well as the Santa Clarita Valley and the Los Angeles County mountains. The fire destroyed 19 residences and damaged 88 additional residences. One civilian death was reported (due to cardiac arrest) and eight firefighters were injured.
11/8/2018 The Woolsey
Fire
Burned a total of 96,949 acres in Los Angeles and Ventura counties including Thousand Oaks, Agoura Hills, Calabasas, the Santa Monica Mountains, Malibu, and West Hills. A total of 1,643 structures were destroyed and 3 people were killed. 6/4/2018 The Stone Fire Burned 1,352 acres in the mountains of Los Angeles County.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-e.

Q: Does the plan include the probability of future events for each identified hazard including the type, location and range of anticipated intensities? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Probability of Future Events below.

Probability of Future Events
When conducting the risk assessment, the Planning Team determined that the probability of a catastrophic wildfire affecting Duarte is “likely” with an annual probability of occurrence being between 1 in 10 and 1 in 100 years.

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Figure 3.1: Wildfire Impacts
Source: Fifth National Climate Assessment (2023)
Windstorm
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-a.

Q: Does the plan describe all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area, and does it provide the rationale if omitting any natural hazards that are commonly recognized to affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Description below.

Description
Santa Ana winds are generally defined as warm, dry winds that blow from the east or northeast (offshore). These winds occur below the passes and canyons of the coastal ranges of Southern California and in the Los Angeles and Orange County basins. Santa Ana winds often blow with exceptional speed in the Santa Ana Canyon (the canyon from which it derives its name).

Forecasters at the National Weather Service offices in Oxnard and San Diego usually place speed minimums on these winds and reserve the use of "Santa Ana" for winds greater than 25 knots.

These winds accelerate to speeds of 35 knots as they move through canyons and passes, with gusts to 50 or even 60 knots.

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Infographic 3.1: Santa Ana Winds
(Source: A screenshot from the USGS film "Living with Fire") The complex topography of Southern California combined with various atmospheric conditions creates numerous scenarios that may cause widespread or isolated Santa Ana events.

Commonly, Santa Ana winds develop when a region of high pressure builds over the Great Basin (the high plateau east of the Sierra Mountains and west of the Rocky Mountains including most of Nevada and Utah). Clockwise circulation around the center of this high-pressure area forces air downslope from the high plateau. The air warms as it descends toward the California coast at the rate of five degrees F per 1,000 feet due to compressional heating. Thus, compressional heating provides the primary source of warming. The air is dry since it originated in the desert, and it dries out even more as it is heated.

These regional winds typically occur from October to March and, according to most accounts are named either for the Santa Ana River Valley where they originate, or for the Santa Ana Canyon, southeast of Los Angeles, where they pick up speed.

What is Susceptible to Windstorms?
Life and Property
Windstorm events can be expected, perhaps annually, across widespread areas of the region which can be adversely impacted during a windstorm event. This can result in the involvement of emergency response personnel during a wide-ranging windstorm or microburst tornadic activity. Both residential and commercial structures with weak reinforcement are susceptible to damage. Wind pressure creates a direct and frontal assault on a structure, pushing walls, doors, and windows inward. Conversely, passing currents creates lift suction forces that pull building components and surfaces outward. With extreme wind forces, the roof or entire building can fail causing considerable damage.

Debris carried along by extreme winds can directly contribute to loss of life and indirectly to the failure of protective building envelopes, siding, or walls. When severe windstorms strike an area, downed trees, power lines, and damaged property can be major hindrances to emergency response and disaster recovery.

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Utilities
Historically, falling trees are the major cause of power outages in the project area. Windstorms such as strong microbursts and Santa Ana Wind conditions cause flying debris and downed utility lines. For example, tree limbs breaking in winds of only 45 mph can be thrown over 75 feet, overhead power lines are damaged, even in relatively minor windstorm events. Falling trees bring electric power lines down to the pavement, creating the possibility of lethal electric shock.

Telecommunications
Overhead lines and telecommunications towers and dishes are all vulnerable to wind-related damage.

Infrastructure
Windstorms damage buildings, power lines, other property, and infrastructure, due to falling trees and branches. During wet winters, saturated soil can cause trees to become less stable and more vulnerable to uprooting from high winds.

Increased Fire Threat
Perhaps the greatest danger from windstorm activity in the project area comes from the combination of the Santa Ana winds with the major fires that occur every few years in the urban/wildland interface. With the Santa Ana winds driving the flames, the speed and reach of the flames is even greater than in times of calm wind conditions.

Transportation
Windstorm activity impacts local transportation in addition to the problems caused by downed trees and electrical wires blocking streets and highways. During periods of extremely strong Santa Ana winds, major highways can be temporarily closed to truck and recreational vehicle traffic. However, typically these disruptions are not long lasting, nor do they have a severe long term economic impact on the region.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-c.

Q: Does the plan describe the extent for each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(ii)) A: See Table 3.8, Map 3.7-3.8 below.

Table 3.8: Beaufort Scale
Source: National Weather Service
Force Speed (MPH) Descriptions
0 0 to 1 Calm: Smoke rises vertically
1 1 to 3 Light air: The direction of the wind is shown by smoke drift, but not wind vanes 2 4 to 7 Light breeze: Wind is felt on the face, leaves rustle, and wind vanes are moved 3 8 to 12 Gentle breeze: Leaves and small twigs are in motion, light flags are extended. 4 13 to 18 Moderate breeze: Dust and loose paper become airborne, and small branches are moved
5 19 to 24 Fresh breeze: Small trees begin to sway
6 25 to 31 Strong breeze: Lage branches are in motion, and using an umbrella becomes difficult 7 32 to 38 High wind: Whole trees are in motion and walking against the wind can be hard 8 39 to 46 Strong wind: Walking is difficult and twigs break off trees 9 47 to 54 Severe wind: Slight structural damage
10 55 to 63 Storm: Trees are uprooted and considerable damage to structures

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11 63 to 72 Violent storm: Widespread damage
12 73 and above Hurricane: Devastating damage
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-b.

Q: Does the plan include information on the location of each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Local Conditions below.

Local Conditions
Based upon previous windstorm, it is not difficult to assume that a future windstorm event could generate similar damage. Severe windstorms pose a significant risk to life and property in the City of Duarte by creating conditions that disrupt essential systems such as public utilities, telecommunications, and transportation routes. High winds can and do occasionally cause tornado-like damage to local homes and businesses in and near the community. High winds have destructive impact especially to trees, power lines, and utility services.

The most common wind condition is a Santa Ana Wind. This condition has generated winds that have exceeded 100 mph. Wind velocities of up to 111 mph have been generated from the same Santa Ana wind, resulting in the loss of life due to flying debris.

The entire City and all critical facilities are susceptible to windstorm damage. A majority of windstorm damage that occurs is associated with fallen trees/tree limbs. Facilities located in close proximity to large trees may be more susceptible to windstorm damage as a result. However, it is highly unlikely that a windstorm would completely destroy any of the identified critical facilities.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-d.

Q: Does the plan include the history of previous hazard events for each identified hazard? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Previous Windstorms Impacting Duarte, Previous Windstorm Impacting Los Angeles County and Table 3.9 below.

Previous Windstorms Impacting Duarte
In January 2025, Los Angeles County, including areas near Duarte, experienced a significant windstorm associated with the Eaton Fire. The National Weather Service issued a High Wind Warning and a Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) Red Flag Warning for the period from Tuesday, January 7, to Wednesday, January 8, forecasting sustained winds of 30–50 mph, with gusts reaching 60–80 mph, and potential isolated gusts as high as 100 mph in some areas.

Prior to the 2025 windstorm, the most recent severe windstorm on record occurred in the winter of 2011. High winds caused about $50.3 million in damage within Los Angeles County. This amount did not meet the federal threshold for public damages and therefore, a federal disaster declaration was not warranted. However, the Duarte City Council declared a local emergency due to the effects of this windstorm. The City incurred damages of approximately $82,000.

At the windstorms peak, 440,000 customers throughout Los Angeles County lost power. Very strong gusts reached 67 mph in Saugus, 69 mph in Warm Springs, 36 mph in Santa Monica, 47

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mph at Los Angeles International Airport, and 97 mph was reported at Whitaker Peak in the Angeles National Forest.

Previous Windstorm Impacting Los Angeles County
January 2025 Windstorm and Wildfires: In January 2025, exceptionally strong Santa Ana winds, with gusts exceeding 80 mph, fueled multiple wildfires, including the Palisades Fire. This fire consumed nearly 12,000 acres and destroyed over 1,000 homes and businesses, marking it as one of the most destructive in Los Angeles County's history.

December 2011 Windstorm: In late November and early December 2011, hurricane-force winds struck the San Gabriel Valley, with gusts reaching up to 167 mph. This event resulted in power outages for approximately 400,000 residents, downed thousands of trees, and damaged over 200 structures.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B1-e.

Q: Does the plan include the probability of future events for each identified hazard including the type, location and range of anticipated intensities? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(i)) A: See Probability of Future Windstorm Events, Climate Change Considerations below.

Probability of Future Windstorm Events
When conducting the risk assessment, the Planning Team determined that the probability of a significant windstorm event affecting Duarte to be “likely” with an annual probability of occurrence being between 1 in 10 and 1 in 100 years.

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Chapter 4: Vulnerability and Impacts
The vulnerability and impacts assessment process analyzes the potential harm of the prioritized hazard events discussed in Chapter 3: Risk Assessment.

Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Process
The vulnerability and impact assessment examines the potential harm that may result from a hazard event, without factoring in its likelihood. This means that equal attention is given to hazards regardless of their probability. The assessment evaluates three key aspects of each hazard on assets: the physical threat posed to facilities, the social threat to vulnerable populations, and the potential impact on other assets. The 2025 FEMA Handbook categorizes assets as follows:

People
Structures
Economy
Natural, Historic, and Cultural Resources
Activities Bringing Value to the Community
People
People are the community’s most important asset. In the context of this discussion, people are defined as individuals who live and/or work in Duarte.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B2-a.

Q: Does the plan provide an overall summary of each jurisdiction’s vulnerability to the identified hazards? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Vulnerability of People, Table 4.1 below.

Vulnerability of People
Disasters affect all populations; however, some populations are more adversely affected because of a higher level of social vulnerability.

According to The Guide to Expanding Mitigation – Making the Connection to Equity, social vulnerability is defined in terms of the characteristics of a person or group that affect “their capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist, and recover from the impact” of a discrete and identifiable disaster in nature or society.

Using FEMA’s Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT), census tract data was used to understand what census tracts might be more vulnerable. Many of the maps in the People section were created using data provided by RAPT. RAPT is a free, publicly available geographic information systems (GIS) tool to help emergency managers and community partners of all GIS skill levels to visualize and assess potential challenges to community resilience. RAPT

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includes over 100 pre-loaded data layers and the tool’s functionality allows users to visualize combinations of these data layers for a specific location. One of the layers includes community demographics for counties, census tracts, and tribes drawn primarily from the U.S. Census Bureau. RAPT includes 27 demographic layers, including 22 community resilience challenges indicators identified from peer-reviewed research, and FEMA’s Community Resilience Challenges Index (CRCI) for counties and census tracts, a composite value of all 22 community resilience challenges indicators. The graphics below outline the community resilience indicators.

Graphic 4.1: RAPT People & Community Indicators
Source: FEMA Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT)

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Graphic 4.2: RAPT Infrastructure Indicators
Source: FEMA Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) Graphic 4.3: RAPT Hazard and Risk Indicators
Source: FEMA Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT)

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A person’s vulnerability to disaster is influenced by many factors. According to CDC’s Planning for an Emergency:

Strategies for Identifying and Engaging At-Risk Group, the following six categories are among the most commonly
accepted factors: socioeconomic status, age, gender, race and ethnicity, English language proficiency, and medical issues and disability. These categories were used to analyze the vulnerability of people in Duarte. The compounding effects of these factors will further impact an individual’s ability to withstand the effects of disasters and other hazards.

Below is an overview of Duarte’s population broken down by the six contributing factors of social vulnerability. Due to a limitation on data that is currently available it is not known exactly where in the city those who are more vulnerable may reside.

Age
The old and young are particularly vulnerable during disasters. Age can contribute to cognitive development, physical ability and mobility, socioeconomic stats, and access to resources that can help the individual prepare for, respond to and recover from disasters and other hazard events.

For example, individuals 65 and older can have mobility challenges and other ailments that can prevent them from properly preparing for a disaster. At the same time, children are reliant on their parents or guardians to provide for them. Their ability to withstand a disaster is highly dependent on their parents or guardians. Children are more vulnerable to disasters when they are separated from their parents while at school or daycare.

The City’s Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment indicates that persons 65 years or older, especially those living alone, are more at risk for climate change impacts because aging impairs muscle strength, coordination, cognitive ability, and immune system, and the regulation of body temperature. Approximately 17% of Duarte residents are over 65 years, which is higher than the percentage of residents over 65 in 67% of California cities.

Race and Ethnicity
According to Planning for an Emergency: Strategies for Identifying and Engaging At-Risk Group, “Race and ethnicity contribute to social vulnerabilities. Race and ethnicity are tied to issues of socioeconomic status. Social and economic marginalization contributes to the vulnerability of these groups”.

The City’s Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment indicates that race and ethnicity are important determinants of health impacts related to climate change. Racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to live in high-risk areas, including areas with higher wildfire and flooding risk and areas with fewer public transit routes. In addition, non-white communities experience disproportionally high levels of vulnerability to climate change, including co-morbidities, lower income, poorer physical health, language barriers, less access to vehicle ownership, less access to air conditioning, among others.4 About 73% of Duarte residents are non-white, which is higher than the percentage of non-white residents in more than 50% of other California cities, with nonwhite populations accounting for 64% of the state’s population.

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Gender
According to Planning for an Emergency: Strategies for Identifying and Engaging At-Risk Group, “gender does not necessarily indicate vulnerability or disadvantage. However, gender intersects with social patterns and inequalities can arise from gender differences. During a disaster, females might be more vulnerable because of differences in employment, lower income, and family responsibilities, as most single-parent households are single-mother families. However, females are a strong influence in mobilizing response to a warning. Females are also more likely to be effective risk communicators through being active participants in the community. They also might know more neighborhood information that can assist emergency managers. Although many families evacuate together, it is not uncommon for males to stay behind to guard the property or to continue working as the family provider. Males are also more likely to be risk takers and might not heed warnings.”
Medical Issues and Disability
Individuals with disabilities are disproportionately affected by disasters. Individuals with disabilities have a higher rate of fatality, and exclusion during disasters. They also have greater challenges during recovery. Understanding the disability demographics of a community gives the community the opportunity to identify and plan for the access and functional needs their communities’ members might need during a disaster.

The City’s Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment defines people with disabilities as those living with ambulatory disabilities who have “serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs.” About 7% of people in Duarte live with a physical disability, which is higher than the percentage of people with a disability in approximately 58% of other California cities. For individuals with physical disabilities, climate change is expected to increase hardship during emergencies and subsequent temporary displacements.

Socioeconomic Status
The ability for an individual to prepare for, mitigate against, respond to, and recover from disasters often depends on the availability of key resources. It is logical to assume that individuals with a higher socioeconomic status are in a better position to acquire key resources than individuals with a lower socioeconomic status. Factors that contribute to socioeconomic status include income, education, occupation, and housing. According to Planning for an Emergency: Strategies for Identifying and Engaging At-Risk Group, people with lower socioeconomic status more likely lack resources needed to follow emergency preparedness instructions. They might be unable to stockpile food, for example. They might be unwilling or unable to stay home from work and lose a day’s pay or evacuate and leave their home during an emergency. By identifying at-risk groups ahead of time, you can plan more efficient evacuations and specifically target people who need transportation or special assistance (e.g., those without a vehicle).

The City’s Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment defined isolated individuals as those without a car or access to public transit and that they are at greater risk of harm from climate change impacts. For example, they may not be able to evacuate in the event of wildfire. Although a majority of the City residents are located within ½ mile of a public transit stop, approximately 9% of Duarte residents do not have access to a car, which is higher than the percentage without a car in about 86% of California cities.

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The CCVA also mentions uninsured individuals and renters. People without health insurance have difficulty accessing quality health care and are more likely to have unmet health needs.

Climate impacts such as excessive heat, elevated levels of air pollution, and extreme weather conditions are expected to cause direct and indirect health impacts, particularly for vulnerable populations with limited or no access to health services. Approximately 22% of Duarte residents aged 18 to 64 are uninsured, which is higher than the percentage uninsured in about 63% of other California cities.

Renters are defined as those who live in homes that they (or the head of their household) do not own. Renters have less control over home improvements than homeowners and may not be able to adequately protect themselves from climate hazards by retrofitting their homes. Approximately 38% of housing units in Duarte are renter-occupied, which is higher than the percentage of renteroccupied units in about 55% of California cities.

English Language Proficiency
The ability to communicate with others during a disaster is imperative for residents to be able to take the necessary precautions related to the disaster. When individuals do not speak the language in which emergency information is presented, it can negatively influence the individual’s ability to comprehend the situation and take appropriate action.

The City’s Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment indicates that non-English speakers may experience linguistic isolation, which could hinder protective behaviors during extreme weather and disasters by limiting access to or understanding of health warnings. In Duarte, 10% of households do not have at least one person 14 years or older who speaks English well. This is higher than the percentage of households lacking an English speaker in approximately 73% of other California cities.

Summary of Social Vulnerabilities in Duarte
The infographics below summarize the demographic profile of Duarte including the contributing factors of social vulnerability.

Duarte has a population of 21,617 across 7,703 households, with an average household size of

2.74 and a median age of 44.7. The city has a moderately high median household income of $94,689, and a median home value of $726,055, indicating a relatively affluent community.

However, about 10% of households live below the poverty line, and 589 households do not have a vehicle, which could limit mobility in emergencies.

Significant at-risk groups include 2,328 households with persons with disabilities and 5,056 individuals aged 65 or older. Language barriers also pose challenges—284 seniors speak only Spanish and no English, potentially complicating communication during disasters. The city is linguistically diverse, with a substantial number of Spanish, Indo-European, and Asian-Pacific Island language speakers.

In terms of daily dynamics, the daytime population is 20,232, close to the total residential population, reflecting minimal fluctuation. Additionally, 2,567 households own dogs, which is a consideration for shelter planning. Only 686 residents carry insurance (owner or renter), signaling vulnerability to financial loss from disasters.

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Infographic 4.1: At Risk Population Profile
Source: ESRI Business Analyst, Emergency Planning Consultants

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Infographic 4.2: Emergency Information
Source: ESRI Business Analyst, Emergency Planning Consultants Social Vulnerability Index
The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is a free, web-based tool developed at CDC by the Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry’s Geospatial Research, Analysis and Services Program (GRASP). The SVI was designed to help emergency managers identify and map communities that will most likely need support before, during, and after a disaster. This tool allows you to visualize population-level social vulnerabilities to help emergency planners and responders better prepare for and respond to disasters.

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The SVI uses U.S. Census and American Community Survey data to identify at-risk groups by ranking all U.S. census tracts by level of social vulnerability. Census tracts are subdivisions of counties for which the Census collects statistical data. The SVI ranks, at national-level or statelevel, each tract on 16 social factors. The 16 social factors are outlined in Figure 4.2.

Figure 4.2: Social Vulnerability Index Themes and Social Factors Source: Planning for an Emergency: Strategies for identifying and Engaging At-Risk Groups, CDC Map 4.5 below depicts the overall vulnerability for the City of Duarte. The areas in red represent the census tracts with a higher social vulnerability index. An SVI of 0.75 or above is considered high. The following census tract has a high SVI: 06037430102. The census tract will be evaluated in the risk assessment to determine their exposure to the specific hazard.

Table 4.1 outlines the three census tracts that have a high SVI and the threat the census tract has to the different hazards identified by the planning team.

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Map 4.5: Duarte Social Vulnerability Index Map
Source: CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index, 2024

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Table 4.1: Hazard Vulnerability to People
(Source: Emergency Planning Consultants)
(Note: “X” indicates affirmative, Census Tract with an asterisk indicates a tract with high SVI) Census Tracts in Duarte
Dam InundationEarthquakeFloodingWildfire Windstorm
06037430102* X X X X
06037430101 X X X X
06037430004 X X X X
06037430005 X X X
06037430003 X X X X
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B2-b.

Q: For each participating jurisdiction, does the plan describe the potential impacts of each of the identified hazards on each participating jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) A: See Impact Profile of People below.

Impact Profile of People
Dam Inundation
Dam inundation in Duarte could have serious consequences, particularly for its vulnerable populations. The city is home to over 5,000 seniors, 2,300 households with individuals with disabilities, and nearly 600 households without access to a vehicle - all of whom may struggle to evacuate quickly. Communication barriers further complicate emergency response, as many residents, including seniors, speak only Spanish or other non-English languages, and 10% of households lack internet access. These factors heighten the risk of injury or delayed evacuation during a flood event. Additionally, a large portion of the population lacks insurance coverage, and low-income households may be unable to recover from flood-related losses. Given these challenges, dam failure could result in widespread disruption and hardship, making it essential for Duarte to strengthen evacuation planning, expand emergency services, and ensure inclusive communication strategies. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted including damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Earthquake
An earthquake in Duarte could pose significant risks due to the city’s population makeup and limited emergency infrastructure. With over 5,000 seniors, 2,300 households with individuals with disabilities, and 732 households living below the poverty line, many residents may face challenges in evacuating or accessing emergency services. Nearly 600 households lack a vehicle, and 10% of homes do not have internet access, potentially delaying critical communication and response efforts. Language barriers also exist, with a portion of the population—particularly seniors— speaking only Spanish or other non-English languages, which could hinder understanding of safety instructions during and after a quake. The presence of only one community center and limited shelter facilities, along with low insurance coverage among residents, could exacerbate post-disaster recovery efforts. Additionally, with more than 2,500 dog-owning households,

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evacuation and sheltering plans must also consider pets. Overall, an earthquake could result in significant physical, social, and economic disruption, particularly for Duarte’s at-risk populations.

Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted including damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Flooding
Flooding in Duarte significantly impacts the community with vulnerable populations—such as lowincome families, seniors, people with disabilities, and unhoused individuals—bearing the brunt of the consequences. Flood events can disrupt access to transportation, work, schools, and medical care, while also causing damage to homes and property. Those with limited financial resources often struggle to recover, especially if they lack flood insurance or savings. Health risks also rise due to exposure to contaminated water and mold, particularly affecting individuals with preexisting conditions. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted including damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Beyond physical impacts, flooding can create emotional distress and anxiety, especially for residents who have experienced repeated evacuations or past disasters. Social inequities often exacerbate these challenges, as historically marginalized groups are more likely to live in floodprone areas with limited infrastructure. While Duarte has taken steps to mitigate flood risks through physical barriers and hazard mitigation plans, continued efforts are needed to support the resilience of its most at-risk residents.

Wildfire
Wildfire in or near Duarte could significantly affect vulnerable populations including the elderly, low-income families, and individuals with health issues. Health risks from smoke inhalation can worsen existing conditions, while evacuation challenges disproportionately affect those without transportation or resources. Economic hardships arise from property loss and job disruption, complicating recovery efforts for low-income families. Additionally, limited access to timely information can hinder effective responses, and environmental hazards can threaten water supplies, impacting health further. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted including damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

With over 5,000 seniors, 2,300 households with individuals with disabilities, and nearly 600 households without vehicles, many residents may have difficulty evacuating quickly in the event of fast-moving flames. Language barriers and limited internet access in 10% of households may delay vital emergency warnings or evacuation instructions, particularly for those who speak only Spanish or other non-English languages. The presence of 2,567 dog-owning households also complicates evacuation and shelter planning, as many families may be reluctant to leave pets behind. With limited insurance coverage among residents and some households living in poverty, recovery from wildfire damage could be prolonged and financially burdensome. Overall, wildfire could place significant stress on Duarte’s resources and disproportionately affect its most vulnerable residents.

Windstorm
Windstorms in Duarte significantly affect the community by causing or resulting in power outages, property damage, and health hazards. Strong winds can down power lines, leading to electricity

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loss for thousands of residents, which disrupts daily life and access to essential services.

Additionally, wind-driven debris can damage homes and vehicles, posing safety risks.

Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted including damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Vulnerable populations, including low-income families, the elderly, individuals with disabilities, and those experiencing homelessness are disproportionately impacted by these events. Power outages can be particularly dangerous for individuals relying on electrically powered medical devices. Limited financial resources may hinder prompt repairs to damaged properties, prolonging exposure to unsafe conditions. Furthermore, strong winds can disperse dust and ash from previous wildfires, degrading air quality and exacerbating respiratory issues, especially among those with pre-existing health conditions.

Structures
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B2-a.

Q: Does the plan provide an overall summary of each jurisdiction’s vulnerability to the identified hazards? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Vulnerability of Structures and Table 4.2 below.

Vulnerability of Structures
Structures include critical facilities, properties and structures that serve vital functions in government operations and the services offered to the community. These may include local government offices and yards, community centers, public safety buildings such as police and fire stations, schools, and other properties deemed essential for city operations. Additionally, some critical facilities may serve dual roles if designated as public assembly points during emergencies.

While many critical facilities are owned by the city, certain ones, such as utilities and telecommunication infrastructure, may be privately owned and operated.

FEMA separates critical buildings and facilities into the five categories shown below based on their loss potential. All of the following elements are considered critical facilities:

Essential Facilities are essential to the health and welfare of the whole population and are especially important following hazard events. Essential facilities include hospitals and other medical facilities, police and fire stations, emergency operations centers and evacuation shelters, and schools.

Transportation Systems include airways – airports, heliports; highways – bridges, tunnels, roadbeds, overpasses, transfer centers; railways – trackage, tunnels, bridges, rail yards, depots; and waterways – canals, locks, seaports, ferries, harbors, drydocks, piers.

Lifeline Utility Systems such as potable water, wastewater, oil, natural gas, electric power and telecommunication systems.

High Potential Loss Facilities are facilities that would have a high loss associated with them, such as nuclear power plants, dams, and military installations.

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Hazardous Materials Facilities include facilities housing industrial/hazardous materials, such as corrosives, explosives, flammable materials, radioactive materials, and toxins.

The Planning Team identified facilities that are critical to maintaining vital services. Table 4.2 below illustrates the hazards with potential to impact those facilities (including occupancy and building values for City-owned properties).

Table 4.2: Hazard Vulnerability to Structures
(Source: Planning Team, Emergency Planning Consultants) (Note: “X” indicates affirmative)
Structures
Dam InundationEarthquakeFloodingWildfireWindstorm
City-Owned Structures (values based on depreciated values) Duarte City Hall
Address: 1600 Huntington Drive
# Staff: 27
# Buildings: One (1)
Building $ Value: $1,268,738
X X X
Duarte City Yard
Address: 1850 Highland Avenue
# Staff: Five (5)
# Buildings: Three (3)
Building $ Value: $50,059
X X X
Duarte Community Center
Address: 1600 Huntington Drive
# Staff: Two (2)
# Buildings: One (1)
Building $ Value: $335,056
X X X
Duarte Fitness Center
Address: 1600 Huntington Drive
# Staff: One (1)
# Buildings: One (1)
Building $ Value: $600,105
X X X
Duarte Park
Address: 1344 Bloomdale Street
# Staff: Zero (0)
# Buildings: One (1)
Building $ Value: Angela, please add value to the parking building.

X X X
Duarte Teen Center
Address: 1400 Buena Vista Street
# Staff: One (1)
# Buildings: One (1)
Building $ Value: $785,095
X X X

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Structures
Dam InundationEarthquakeFloodingWildfireWindstorm
Duarte Public Safety/Sheriff’s Substation (Leased by City) Address: 1042 Huntington Drive
# Staff: Nine (9)
# Buildings: One (1)
X X X
Duarte Senior Center
Address: 1610 Huntington Drive
# Staff: One (1)
# Buildings: One (1)
Building $ Value: $1,550,480
X X X
Encanto Park
Address: 751 Encanto Parkway
# Staff: Zero (0)
# Buildings: One (1)
Building $ Value: $43,128

X X X X
Duarte Historical Museum
Address: 777 Encanto Parkway
# Staff: Zero (0)
# Buildings: One (1)
Building $ Value: $5,326

X X X X
Royal Oaks Park
Address: 2627 Royal Oaks Drive
# Staff: Zero (0)
# Buildings: One (1)
Building $ Value: $19,396
X X X
Other Structures
Beardslee Dual Language Academy X X X
California School of the Arts – San Gabriel Valley X X X City of Hope X X X
Duarte High School X X X
Duarte School District X X X
Foothill Oaks Academy X X X
Highland Convalescent Hospital X X X
Huntington/Foothill Bridge X X X
Los Angeles County Fire Station #44 X X X
Maryvale Family Services (Preschool) X X X
Monrovia Convalescent Hospital X X X
Royal Oaks STEAM Academy (served Duarte community while located in Bradbury) X X X
Santa Teresita Campus X X X
Smart & Final Extra X X X

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Structures
Dam InundationEarthquakeFloodingWildfireWindstorm
Valley View Academy of Technology & Creative Learning X X X Based on available data provided by the City, there is a minimum of $4,657,293 worth of Cityowned property and contents that were analyzed. The total potential loss value of all City-owned and non-City-owned assets is likely much higher but is unknown due to data limitations.

The possibility that all facilities will be completely damaged simultaneously is extremely rare. Most of the impacts of the hazards that were analyzed are anticipated to be isolated to certain locations.

To better understand the magnitude of impacts, this plan identifies representative percentages of potential impact based on the total valuation of city assets. For planning purposes, we identified different tiers of impact that could occur. It is reasonable to assume that impacts would not exceed 50% of the total asset value city-wide during a single event. The following are parameters to help understand how much a proposed investment/improvement compares to the existing assets within the city:
• 1% Impact – $46,572
• 5% Impact – $232,864
• 10% Impact – $465,729
• 20% Impact – $931,458
• 50% Impact – $2,328,646
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B2-b.

Q: For each participating jurisdiction, does the plan describe the potential impacts of each of the identified hazards on each participating jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) A: See Impact Profile of Structures below.

Impact Profile of Structures
Dam Inundation
Many of Duarte’s structures are located in a dam inundation area and therefore vulnerable to direct impact from dam failure or spill. Specifically, property between I-210 and Huntington Drive could be at greatest threat. Damage from dam inundation can result in negative impacts on property values. If a dam failure occurs as a result of another hazard, such as an earthquake, property damage can be made worse because of the possibility of cascading disasters.

Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Public infrastructure, such as roadways, electrical lines, and water/sewer lines are at risk of damage or complete destruction from dam failure. Structures can be damaged from trees falling as a result of water-saturated soil. Structures can also be damaged from dam failure related flooding. Electrical power outages could happen, resulting in the interruption of critical services.

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Loss of power is usually a precursor to closure of schools. It’s very likely the city would be required to reroute traffic or close access to impacted neighborhoods.

Ground saturation would likely result in instability, collapse, or other damage to trees, structures, roadways, and other critical infrastructure. Standing water could cause damage to roads and building foundations.

All 11 of the city-owned structures valued at approximately $4,657,293 are vulnerable to dam inundation. These costs are based on estimates in 2025.

Earthquake
Structures include physical buildings, lifelines, and critical infrastructure in a community. All properties and occupants in Duarte can be either directly impacted or affected by earthquakes. It is estimated more than a third of the planning area’s building stock was built prior to 1975, when seismic provisions became uniformly applied through building code applications. These buildings are at a higher risk of damage from earthquakes. Due to limitations in current modeling abilities, the risk to critical facilities in the planning area from the earthquake hazard is likely understated.

A more thorough review of the age of critical facilities, codes they were built to, and location on liquefiable soils should be conducted. Damage to transportation systems in the planning area after an earthquake has the potential to significantly disrupt response and recovery efforts and lead to isolation of populations. Additionally, seismic events can damage communication systems, complicating efforts to coordinate response to the event. Many structures may need seismic retrofits in order to withstand a moderate earthquake. Residential retrofit programs, such as Earthquake Brace+Bolt, may be able to assist in the costs of these efforts.

Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

All 11 City-owned structures valued at approximately $4,657,293 are vulnerable to earthquakes.

These costs are based on estimates in 2025. Additionally, the city-owned Los Angeles County Duarte Public Safety could be impacted by a significant earthquake.

Flooding
Flooding in Duarte poses slight to moderate risks to the city's critical facilities, including emergency services, utilities, and transportation infrastructure. Flood water can disrupt operations at police and fire stations, hospitals, and emergency shelters, hindering response times during crises. Additionally, flooding can damage utility systems such as water treatment plants and electrical substations, leading to service outages that affect both residents and essential services. Transportation networks, including roads and bridges, may become impassable, delaying emergency response and complicating evacuations. These disruptions not only compromise public safety but also have economic repercussions due to the costs associated with repairs and loss of functionality. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted including damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Encanto Park could be subject to post-fire debris flow. The city-owned building at Encanto Park is valued at $43,128 based on estimates in 2025.

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Wildfire
Duarte is particularly vulnerable to wildfires due to its proximity to hills with dry vegetation and its exposure to strong Santa Ana winds that can rapidly spread flames and embers. Although the city itself is highly urbanized and not directly within a wildland-urban interface, its location makes it susceptible to ember showers from fires in nearby areas. Prolonged drought and climate change further exacerbate this risk by creating drier, more flammable conditions. These factors highlight the need for proactive fire prevention measures, like fire-resistant landscaping and public awareness, to help protect Duarte residents and infrastructure. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Encanto Park could be subject to post-fire debris flow. The city-owned building at Encanto Park is valued at $43,128 based on estimates in 2025.

Windstorm
A windstorm in Duarte could have significant consequences for city-owned facilities, affecting public services, infrastructure, and emergency response. Strong winds can cause structural damage to government buildings, police and fire stations, and public works facilities, potentially delaying critical services. Facilities with older or weaker structures may suffer roof damage, broken windows, or water intrusion if the storm brings heavy rain. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted including damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

All 11 City-owned structures valued at approximately $4,657,293 are vulnerable to windstorm.

These costs are based on estimates in 2025.

Economy
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B2-a.

Q: Does the plan provide an overall summary of each jurisdiction’s vulnerability to the identified hazards? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Vulnerability to Economy and Table 4.3 below.

Vulnerability to Economy
Duarte has several assets that have an important impact on the city’s economy. Several of these economic assets overlap with the assets outlined in Structures as they are community lifelines.

These assets include major employers and any impact from hazards has the potential of causing debilitating consequences to the local economy. These assets include City of Hope, Duarte School District, Wal-Mart, CarMax, Target, and We Pack It All.

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Table 4.3: Hazard Vulnerability to Economic Assets
(Source: Duarte Planning Team, Emergency Planning Consultants) (Note: “X” indicates affirmative, asterisk indicates asset is included as a Structure as well) Economic Assets
Da
m Inundation
EarthquakeFloodingWildfireWindstorm
City of Hope
1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte X X X
Duarte School District
Various X X X
Walmart
1600 Mountain Avenue, Duarte X X X
CarMax
1131 Central Avenue, Duarte X X X
Target
1050 Huntington Drive, Duarte X X X
We Pack It All
2745 Huntington Drive, Duarte X X X X
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B2-b.

Q: For each participating jurisdiction, does the plan describe the potential impacts of each of the identified hazards on each participating jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) A: See Impact Profile of Economy below.

Impact Profile of Economy
City of Hope
The City of Hope in Duarte is a premier comprehensive cancer center and research facility known for its cutting-edge treatments and compassionate care. Established in 1913, it has grown into one of the nation’s leading institutions for cancer, diabetes, and biomedical research. Designated as a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), City of Hope is also a founding member of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). The center is renowned for its pioneering work in cancer genetics, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation.

Located at 1500 E. Duarte Road, the sprawling campus includes advanced medical facilities, research labs, and a graduate school of biological sciences. The facility’s patient-centered approach emphasizes personalized medicine and holistic care. Accessible via the Duarte/City of Hope Metro Station, City of Hope is both a treatment destination and an academic medical hub, training the next generation of healthcare professionals.

Dam Inundation: Dam inundation could have devastating effects on the City of Hope, posing serious risks to both healthcare operations and critical medical research. Flooding from an upstream dam failure, such as the Santa Fe Dam, could damage medical facilities, research labs,

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and patient accommodations, disrupting life-saving treatments and ongoing research. Power outages and loss of essential utilities would compound the challenges, making patient evacuation extremely difficult. Furthermore, the loss of research data and equipment would set back critical advancements in cancer and diabetes care. As a major healthcare provider and employer in the region, any disruption to City of Hope would also significantly impact the local community and economy. Effective mitigation planning and flood-resistant infrastructure are crucial to safeguarding the facility and its vital services. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted including damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Earthquake: An earthquake could have significant impacts on the City of Hope, given its location near the San Andreas Fault and other active fault lines. Ground shaking could damage medical facilities, research laboratories, and critical infrastructure, potentially disrupting patient care and essential medical treatments. Structural damage to buildings may compromise the safety of patients, healthcare workers, and researchers. Additionally, utility failures, including power outages and water disruptions, could hinder medical operations and emergency response. The loss of valuable research data, equipment, and biomedical samples would also be a major setback for ongoing medical advancements. Transportation challenges, including potential damage to the Duarte/City of Hope Metro Station and surrounding roadways, could make evacuation and the arrival of emergency services difficult. To mitigate risks, seismic retrofitting and robust emergency response plans are essential to ensure the safety and continuity of care.

Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Flooding: Flooding in Duarte poses indirect risks to the City of Hope medical campus, primarily through potential disruptions to infrastructure and access routes. The campus is bordered by the Duarte Flood Control Channel and the Santa Fe Flood Control Basin, which are designed to manage stormwater and mitigate flood risks. However, significant flooding could overwhelm these systems, leading to water overflow that might impede access to the facility and disrupt operations. Disruptions to transportation routes due to flooding could hinder patient access, delay staff commutes, and affect the timely delivery of medical supplies, thereby impacting the continuity of critical healthcare services. Moreover, flooding can strain local emergency services and utilities, potentially leading to power outages or communication breakdowns that indirectly affect the hospital's operations. Given the specialized nature of care provided at City of Hope, any interruption in services could have significant implications for patient outcomes.

Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Wildfire: A wildfire could pose significant risks to the City of Hope, given the region's susceptibility to wildfires driven by Santa Ana winds. The primary threats include smoke infiltration, which can severely impact air quality and pose health risks to patients, especially those with compromised immune or respiratory systems. Direct exposure to flames or embers could damage buildings and critical medical infrastructure, potentially disrupting patient care and research activities.

Evacuating vulnerable patients, including those in intensive care or undergoing complex treatments, would be particularly challenging. Additionally, road closures and transit disruptions could hinder the movement of staff, patients, and emergency responders. The loss of power or damage to utilities could also compromise life-saving equipment and research operations.

Implementing fire-resistant landscaping, air filtration systems, and comprehensive evacuation plans are essential to protecting patients, staff, and medical resources during wildfire events.

Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

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Windstorm: A windstorm, particularly one driven by Santa Ana winds, could significantly impact the City of Hope. High wind speeds can cause physical damage to buildings, shatter windows, and disrupt power lines, leading to outages that could compromise medical equipment and patient care. Flying debris poses risks to both people and structures, while downed trees and blocked roads could hinder emergency access and evacuation efforts. Furthermore, strong winds often exacerbate wildfire risks, increasing the potential for simultaneous threats of fire and wind damage. Disruptions to transportation, including the Duarte/City of Hope Metro Station, could also impact the mobility of staff, patients, and emergency responders. To mitigate these risks, the facility would benefit from wind-resistant infrastructure, secure backup power systems, and robust emergency response planning. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Duarte Unified School District
The Duarte Unified School District (DUSD) serves Duarte and surrounding areas, providing quality education from preschool through high school. The district is committed to academic excellence and preparing students for college and career success through innovative programs, including dual language immersion, STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics), and career technical education.

DUSD operates several elementary schools, an intermediate school, Duarte High School, and a continuation high school. It fosters strong community involvement and collaborates with local institutions like City of Hope to create unique learning opportunities. The district’s mission is to support students in becoming critical thinkers, effective communicators, and responsible global citizens.

Dam Inundation: Dam inundation could have serious impacts on DUSD, particularly if flooding were to affect school facilities. Schools near flood-prone areas could experience significant damage to buildings, classrooms, and infrastructure, leading to school closures and disruption of educational activities. Flooding could also complicate evacuation efforts, pose safety risks to students and staff, and damage educational resources like computers and textbooks, delaying the recovery process. Additionally, the loss of school facilities could hinder the district’s ability to serve as a community resource, such as an emergency shelter. Financially, the costs of repairing or rebuilding flood-damaged schools would be significant, diverting funds from other educational needs. To mitigate these risks, DUSD would require effective flood management strategies, retrofitting of older buildings, and coordination with local authorities for emergency preparedness.

Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Earthquake: An earthquake could have significant impacts on DUSD, particularly in terms of infrastructure damage, student safety, and disruption of educational activities. Earthquakeinduced shaking could cause structural damage to school buildings, potentially leading to unsafe conditions for students and staff. Schools may experience power outages, water shortages, and damage to essential facilities such as classrooms, libraries, and cafeterias, resulting in prolonged closures and interruptions to learning. The district would also face challenges in evacuating students and staff, especially if roadways are damaged or blocked. Additionally, the loss of educational resources and equipment could hinder the recovery process. Financially, repairing or rebuilding earthquake-damaged schools would require significant resources, diverting funds

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from other district needs. To reduce these risks, DUSD would need comprehensive earthquake preparedness plans, retrofitting of older school buildings, and strong community and emergency response coordination. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Flooding: Flooding in Duarte can significantly disrupt the operations of the Duarte Unified School District (DUSD) by affecting access to school facilities, causing property damage, and posing safety risks to students and staff. Flooded roads and pathways may hinder transportation, leading to school closures or delays. Water intrusion can damage classrooms, equipment, and learning materials, resulting in costly repairs and potential relocation of classes. Additionally, flooding can create hazardous conditions, such as mold growth and structural instability, compromising the health and safety of the school community. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

While the City of Duarte is generally designated as a No Special Flood Hazard Area by FEMA, certain areas remain at moderate risk, with approximately 34.8% of properties potentially affected by flooding over the next 30 years. Recognizing these risks, DUSD collaborates with local authorities to integrate flood risk assessments into their emergency operations planning.

Proactive measures, including the development of comprehensive emergency response plans and regular infrastructure assessments, are essential to mitigate the indirect impacts of flooding on the district's facilities and ensure the continuity of education for students.

Wildfire: A wildfire could have significant impacts on DUSD, particularly due to the region's vulnerability to fire-related risks. Wildfire could directly threaten school facilities, especially those near wooded or brush areas, with the potential for fire damage to buildings, infrastructure, and educational resources. Additionally, smoke from nearby fires could deteriorate air quality, posing health risks to students, staff, and vulnerable populations, particularly those with respiratory issues. The district could also face disruptions to school operations, with school closures, transportation delays, and challenges in evacuating students and staff if roads are blocked or unsafe. Wildfires could damage power lines and utilities, leading to extended outages and complications in maintaining essential services. Financially, rebuilding and repairing damaged facilities would strain district resources, delaying recovery and affecting the continuity of education. To mitigate these impacts, DUSD would need effective wildfire preparedness plans, air filtration systems, and robust evacuation procedures to protect the safety of students and staff.

Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Windstorm: A windstorm could significantly impact DUSD, particularly due to the potential for damage to school facilities, infrastructure, and operations. Strong winds, especially those driven by Santa Ana winds, could cause structural damage to buildings, break windows, and down power lines, leading to power outages and disruptions in essential services. Falling trees and debris could block roads, making it difficult to evacuate students and staff or for emergency responders to reach the schools. In addition to physical damage, windstorms can also exacerbate wildfire risks, further complicating the district’s ability to maintain a safe environment. Disruptions to transportation could prevent students from getting to school or force closures, interrupting the educational schedule. To mitigate these risks, DUSD would need to implement wind-resistant infrastructure, ensure backup power systems are in place, and develop effective emergency response plans to protect students and staff during windstorm events. Telecommunications could

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also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Walmart
Walmart in Duarte is a large retail store that serves the local community by offering a wide range of products, including groceries, clothing, electronics, home goods, and personal care items.

Located on Mountain Avenue, this Walmart store provides convenient shopping for both everyday essentials and specialty items. It is part of the global Walmart chain, known for its competitive pricing, customer service, and convenient hours of operation, often open 24 hours. In addition to traditional retail offerings, the store may include a pharmacy, financial services like money transfers, and other amenities to cater to the needs of the community. Its presence in Duarte contributes to the local economy by providing jobs and attracting customers from nearby neighborhoods. As with many Walmart locations, the store is likely to be a popular destination for those looking for affordability and a variety of products in one location.

Dam Inundation: Dam inundation could significantly impact Walmart in Duarte by causing flooding that damages store property, inventory, and infrastructure. Water damage could lead to product loss, disruption of operations, and extended closures, resulting in lost sales revenue.

Power outages may also disrupt essential functions like refrigeration and lighting, further complicating store recovery. Additionally, flooding could pose safety risks to customers and employees, especially if evacuation procedures are delayed due to road blockages or infrastructure damage. Accessibility issues, including road closures and transportation disruptions, could reduce foot traffic and impact business. Repair costs, inventory replacement, and potential employee reductions during store closures would place financial strain on the store.

Walmart would need comprehensive flood preparedness plans, such as flood barriers and backup power systems, to minimize these risks. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Earthquake: An earthquake could have significant impacts on Walmart in Duarte, particularly in terms of structural damage, operational disruptions, and safety risks. The shaking could cause damage to the store’s infrastructure, including walls, shelves, and inventory, potentially leading to product loss and the need for extensive repairs. Power outages and damage to utilities could disrupt store operations, affecting refrigeration, lighting, and other essential functions, leading to prolonged store closures and loss of sales. Additionally, the earthquake could pose safety risks to customers and employees, especially if the building is not sufficiently retrofitted to withstand seismic activity. Evacuation could be difficult if roads are damaged, and transportation disruptions could prevent customers from reaching the store. The financial strain from repairs, inventory replacement, and potential revenue loss would be considerable. To mitigate these risks, Walmart would need to implement seismic retrofitting, emergency preparedness plans, and infrastructure upgrades to ensure continued operation and safety during an earthquake. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Flooding: Flooding can indirectly impact Walmart in Duarte by disrupting store operations, affecting employees, and limiting access to goods for the community. Flooded roads and damaged infrastructure can delay deliveries, leading to inventory shortages and potential temporary store closures. These interruptions reduce Walmart’s ability to serve the local population, especially during emergencies when access to essential goods is critical. Additionally,

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power outages and water damage can interfere with day-to-day operations, requiring costly repairs and business continuity measures.

Employees may also be personally affected by flooding - dealing with home damage or transportation issues - which can result in staffing shortages and reduced service capacity. As a major community hub, Walmart’s role in local disaster response is crucial, and disruptions to its services can delay recovery efforts. To mitigate these risks, Walmart invests in disaster preparedness and resilience strategies, including supply chain planning, infrastructure reinforcement, and employee support programs. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Wildfire: A wildfire could have significant impacts on Walmart in Duarte particularly if the store is in an area at risk from fire or smoke. The store could be directly threatened by the spread of flames, especially if it's near brush or wooded areas. Even if the fire does not reach the store, smoke and ash could infiltrate the building, negatively affecting air quality, customer and employee health, and potentially causing damage to inventory and infrastructure. In addition to physical damage, wildfires could disrupt store operations through power outages, road closures, and transportation difficulties, making it challenging for both employees and customers to access the store. Temporary closures could result in loss of revenue, and the financial cost of repairs and restocking inventory could be significant. To mitigate these risks, Walmart would need to have fire-resistant building materials, robust air filtration systems, and emergency evacuation plans in place to protect both people and property during a wildfire event. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Windstorm: A windstorm, particularly one driven by Santa Ana winds, could significantly impact Walmart in Duarte. Strong winds could cause physical damage to the store's exterior, including broken windows, roof damage, and fallen trees or debris, which could disrupt store operations and lead to temporary closures. Power outages caused by downed power lines would also affect lighting, refrigeration, and other essential services, further complicating store recovery and leading to a potential loss of inventory. Additionally, flying debris and wind-borne objects could pose safety risks to customers and employees. Access to the store could be limited if roads are blocked by fallen trees or debris, reducing foot traffic and impacting sales. To mitigate these risks, Walmart would need to ensure that the store is equipped with wind-resistant infrastructure, secure backup power systems, and an effective emergency response plan to safeguard both people and operations during a windstorm. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

CarMax
CarMax in Duarte is a large used car dealership known for offering a wide selection of pre-owned vehicles. Located on Central Avenue, CarMax provides convenient, hassle-free car-buying experience with a focus on transparency and customer satisfaction. The dealership features a variety of vehicles, including sedans, trucks, SUVs, and hybrids, all inspected and certified for quality. CarMax is known for its no-haggle pricing model, allowing customers to purchase cars with fixed prices and offering a 7-day return policy for added peace of mind. The Duarte location also offers financing options and a streamlined buying process that includes online browsing, vehicle appraisals, and the ability to sell or trade in cars. As part of a nationwide chain, CarMax

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contributes to the local economy by providing job opportunities and a reliable option for those in the market for a used vehicle.

Dam Inundation: Dam inundation could significantly impact CarMax especially if the store is located in a flood-prone area near a dam. In the event of a dam failure or extreme flooding, the dealership could experience severe property damage, with water potentially flooding the showroom, parking lot, and service areas, leading to the destruction of inventory and equipment.

The flooding could also damage the building's infrastructure, disrupting business operations and requiring extensive repairs. Additionally, access to the dealership could be hindered by flooded roads, making it difficult for customers and employees to reach the location. The dealership would likely face a loss of sales revenue due to store closures and potential delays in obtaining new inventory. Furthermore, the financial strain from repairs, replacing damaged vehicles, and operational downtime could be significant. To mitigate these risks, CarMax would need flood protection measures, such as elevated parking lots and flood barriers, as well as backup power systems to maintain operations during an emergency. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Earthquake: An earthquake could have significant impacts on CarMax particularly in terms of structural damage, inventory loss, and operational disruption. The shaking from an earthquake could cause damage to the building's structure, including cracks in walls, damage to the showroom, and possible collapse of shelves or displays. Cars in the lot could be displaced or damaged by falling debris or the effects of ground shaking. Additionally, power outages and utility disruptions could halt operations, affecting sales, vehicle inspections, and other critical services.

The dealership would also face challenges in evacuating employees and customers, especially if roads are damaged or blocked. A temporary closure could result in lost sales and repair costs, and rebuilding or repairing the facility and inventory could be financially burdensome. To mitigate these risks, CarMax would need seismic retrofitting, strong emergency preparedness plans, and backup power systems to ensure the safety of staff and continuity of operations during an earthquake. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Flooding: Flooding can indirectly impact CarMax operations by affecting inventory management, logistics, facility access, and employee well-being. Flooded transportation routes can delay vehicle deliveries, disrupt supply chains, and lead to inventory shortages, which can hinder sales and customer service. Additionally, the risk of acquiring flood-damaged vehicles increases in such conditions, requiring CarMax to invest more in thorough vehicle inspections to maintain customer trust and avoid reputational damage.

Physical store locations may also face temporary closures or costly repairs if affected by flood water, which disrupts day-to-day operations. Employees may experience personal losses or face commuting challenges, contributing to staffing shortages. In response, CarMax employs disaster preparedness measures, including rigorous vehicle checks, strategic facility placement, and employee support programs such as emergency relief funds, to ensure business continuity and community resilience during flooding events. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Wildfire: A wildfire could significantly impact CarMax particularly if the dealership is located near brush or forested areas at risk of wildfire. Flames or smoke from nearby wildfires could damage the dealership's building, vehicles, and inventory. Even if the fire doesn’t directly reach the

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property, smoke and ash could affect both the physical structure and air quality, potentially harming vehicles and causing long-term damage to inventory. Additionally, fire-related power outages could disrupt business operations, impacting everything from vehicle inspections to customer services. If the wildfire causes nearby road closures or transportation disruptions, customers and employees may be unable to access the dealership, leading to a loss of sales and extended downtime. The financial impact of repairs, replacing damaged inventory, and potential store closures could be considerable. To mitigate these risks, CarMax would need fire-resistant building materials, a robust evacuation plan, and air filtration systems to protect inventory and staff in the event of a wildfire. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Windstorm: A windstorm, especially one driven by Santa Ana winds, could have significant impacts on CarMax. Strong winds could cause physical damage to the dealership's buildings, including broken windows, roof damage, or structural issues. Flying debris could also damage vehicles on the lot, leading to a loss of inventory or requiring repairs. Additionally, power outages caused by downed power lines could disrupt store operations, including vehicle inspections, sales processes, and customer services. Access to the dealership could be hindered if roads are blocked by fallen trees or debris, reducing foot traffic and sales. The financial cost of repairs to the building and damaged inventory could be substantial, and temporary closures would further affect revenue. To minimize these risks, CarMax would need to implement wind-resistant infrastructure, secure backup power systems, and develop an effective emergency response plan to protect both the property and its operations during a windstorm. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Target
Target is a large retail store offering a wide range of products, including groceries, clothing, electronics, home goods, beauty products, and more. Located on Huntington Drive, the store provides a convenient, one-stop shopping experience for the local community. Known for its affordable pricing and diverse selection, Target attracts shoppers looking for a variety of quality products in a single location. Target store is part of the nationwide chain, which emphasizes customer satisfaction and provides services such as self-checkout, online ordering with in-store pickup, and a pharmacy. Its spacious layout allows for easy navigation, and the store regularly hosts promotions and sales. Additionally, Target serves as a significant retail hub in the area, offering job opportunities and contributing to the local economy while being an accessible destination for everyday needs.

Dam Inundation: Dam inundation could have significant impacts on the Target in Duarte, especially if the store is located in a flood-prone area. In the event of dam failure or extreme flooding, the store could experience severe water damage, flooding the building, damaging inventory, and potentially rendering the store uninhabitable for a period of time. Water could destroy products, disrupt store operations, and lead to significant repair costs. Additionally, flooding could hinder customer and employee access to the store due to road closures and infrastructure damage, further impacting sales. Power outages could also occur, affecting refrigeration, lighting, and other essential services. The financial burden from repairing the facility, replacing damaged inventory, and dealing with revenue loss from temporary closures could be substantial. To mitigate these risks, Target would need flood prevention measures, such as elevated infrastructure and flood barriers, as well as backup power systems to maintain essential operations during an emergency. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted

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including damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Earthquake: An earthquake could have significant impacts on the Target in Duarte, especially in terms of structural damage, inventory loss, and operational disruption. The shaking could damage the store’s infrastructure, including walls, shelves, and product displays. Inventory could be displaced or destroyed, leading to significant product loss. Power outages and damage to utilities could disrupt store operations, affecting refrigeration, lighting, and essential systems, potentially causing store closures and revenue loss. In addition to physical damage, road closures and transportation disruptions could prevent customers and employees from accessing the store, reducing foot traffic. The financial costs of repairs, replacing inventory, and dealing with downtime could be substantial. To mitigate these risks, Target would need to implement seismic retrofitting, robust emergency preparedness plans, and backup power systems to ensure the safety of staff and continuity of operations during an earthquake. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Flooding: Flooding can significantly disrupt Target's operations by impacting store functionality, supply chains, and employee well-being. Flood water may damage store infrastructure, necessitating temporary closures and costly repairs. Transportation disruptions can delay deliveries, leading to inventory shortages and affecting sales. Additionally, employees may face personal challenges due to flooding, impacting staffing levels and store operations.

Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Wildfire: A wildfire could have significant impacts on Target, particularly if the store is located near brush or forested areas at risk of fire. Flames or smoke from nearby wildfires could damage the building, vehicles, or inventory, even if the fire doesn’t directly reach the store. Smoke and ash could also infiltrate the building, affecting air quality and potentially harming products.

Additionally, power outages from wildfire-related infrastructure damage could disrupt store operations, leading to temporary closures and a loss of revenue. If the wildfire causes nearby road closures or transportation disruptions, it could prevent customers and employees from accessing the store, further hindering sales. The financial strain from repairs, restocking inventory, and the potential costs of temporary closures could be considerable. To mitigate these risks, Target would need fire-resistant building materials, air filtration systems, and a robust emergency preparedness plan to protect both inventory and staff in the event of wildfire.

Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Windstorm: A windstorm, especially one driven by Santa Ana winds, could significantly impact the Target store. Strong winds could cause physical damage to the store’s structure, including broken windows, roof damage, or structural issues. Flying debris could also damage the building and vehicles, or potentially harm products on display. Additionally, power outages caused by downed power lines could disrupt store operations, including lighting, refrigeration, and checkout systems, leading to temporary store closures and a loss of revenue. Access to the store could also be limited if roads are blocked by fallen trees or debris, further reducing foot traffic and impacting sales. The financial burden of repairs, replacing damaged inventory, and managing operational downtime could be significant. To minimize these risks, Target would need windresistant infrastructure, secure backup power systems, and a well-developed emergency response plan to safeguard both the property and its operations during a windstorm.

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Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

We Pack It All
We Pack It All is a company based in Duarte that provides moving and packing services for residential, commercial, and industrial customers. Specializing in packing items securely for local, long-distance, and international moves, We Pack It All offers a range of services, including custom crating, fragile item handling, and assistance with packing and unpacking. The company is known for its expertise in ensuring that items are packed efficiently and safely, reducing the risk of damage during transport. We Pack It All is committed to customer satisfaction, offering tailored solutions to meet the specific needs of each client, whether it's for a household move or a larger corporate relocation. Their services aim to make the moving process smoother and more organized, providing peace of mind for customers. The company is an integral part of the Duarte business community, offering job opportunities and contributing to the local economy.

Dam Inundation: Dam inundation could significantly impact We Pack It All particularly if the company’s facilities are located in a flood-prone area. In the event of a dam failure or extreme flooding, the company could experience severe property damage, including water flooding the storage and packing areas, which could damage packed items, equipment, and supplies. This could lead to a halt in operations and financial loss due to damaged inventory and equipment.

Additionally, flooding could hinder employees' ability to reach the facility, and customers may face delays or cancellations of their moving and packing services. The company would also face significant costs related to repairs, replacing equipment, and potential operational downtime. To mitigate these risks, We Pack It All would need to implement flood prevention measures, such as elevated storage and flood barriers, and develop a disaster recovery plan to ensure quick resumption of services after a flooding event. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Earthquake: An earthquake could significantly impact We Pack It All particularly in terms of structural damage and disruption to operations. The shaking could cause damage to the company’s facility, including cracks in walls, collapsed storage areas, and displaced equipment, potentially ruining packed items or essential supplies. If the earthquake causes power outages or damages utilities, it could halt business operations, delaying services and impacting customer satisfaction. Additionally, transportation routes and roads could be damaged, making it difficult for employees to reach the facility and for customers to access the company’s services. The company would face substantial costs for repairs, replacing equipment, and addressing potential inventory loss. To minimize these risks, We Pack It All would need to implement seismic retrofitting, develop a robust emergency preparedness plan, and ensure backup systems are in place to maintain operations during and after an earthquake. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Flooding: Flooding in Duarte poses significant indirect challenges to We Pack It All, a contract packaging company specializing in health and wellness products. Flooded roads and disrupted transportation networks can delay the delivery of raw materials to their primary packaging facility at 2745 Huntington Drive and their warehouse at 16100 E. Foothill Boulevard in nearby Irwindale, hindering production schedules and order fulfillment.

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Additionally, employees may face difficulties commuting due to impassable roads or personal property damage, leading to staffing shortages and reduced operational efficiency. While there is no specific information on We Pack It All's flood preparedness measures, implementing a comprehensive flood risk management plan - including securing flood insurance, establishing emergency communication protocols, and developing contingency strategies for supply chain disruptions - would enhance the company's resilience against flooding events.

Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Wildfire: A wildfire could significantly impact We Pack It All particularly if the company’s facility is located near brush or forested areas at risk of fire. Flames or smoke from nearby wildfires could damage the facility, packing materials, and equipment, as well as any stored inventory, even if the fire does not directly reach the building. The smoke and ash could also affect air quality inside the facility, potentially damaging sensitive items or materials being packed. Additionally, wildfires could lead to power outages and disrupt transportation routes, making it difficult for employees to access the facility and for customers to receive their moving and packing services. The financial costs of repairing the facility, replacing damaged equipment, and addressing service delays could be significant. To mitigate these risks, We Pack It All would need fire-resistant building materials, effective air filtration systems, and a well-developed emergency response plan to ensure the safety of employees and a quick recovery after a wildfire event. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Windstorm: A windstorm could have significant impacts on We Pack It All particularly if strong winds cause damage to the company’s facility or equipment. High winds could break windows, damage the roof, or cause debris to strike the building, potentially damaging packing materials, equipment, or inventory. If the facility is affected, operations may be temporarily halted, leading to delays in services for customers and potential loss of inventory. Power outages caused by downed power lines could disrupt the business, impacting essential operations like packing, loading, and moving logistics. Additionally, transportation routes might be blocked by fallen trees or debris, making it difficult for employees to reach the facility or for customers to access services.

To mitigate these risks, We Pack It All would need to secure the facility with wind-resistant infrastructure, backup power systems, and a comprehensive emergency response plan to ensure the safety of operations during a windstorm. Telecommunications could also be significantly impacted by damage or destruction of fiber optic trunked wirelines, cellular services, and emergency services communications.

Natural, Historic, and Cultural Resources
Natural, historic, and cultural resources are essential elements that define the identity and heritage of a community. Natural resources include native flora and fauna, water bodies, landscapes, and climate, providing ecological and recreational benefits. Historic resources consist of buildings, archaeological sites, monuments, and historic districts that hold historical significance. Cultural resources encompass museums, traditional practices, languages, literature, festivals, and public art, reflecting the community's cultural heritage and values.

Together, these resources contribute to preserving the community's history, environment, and cultural identity, enriching the quality of life for its residents.

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Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B2-a.

Q: Does the plan provide an overall summary of each jurisdiction’s vulnerability to the identified hazards? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Vulnerability of Natural, Historic, and Cultural Resources below.

Vulnerability of Natural, Historic, and Cultural Resources* Duarte is home to a variety of natural, historic, and cultural resources that contribute to the city’s unique character. The nearby San Gabriel Mountains and Los Angeles River provide scenic natural beauty and opportunities for outdoor activities, while parks like Royal Oaks Park and Fish Canyon offer green spaces for recreation. These natural resources support local wildlife and offer residents a connection to the surrounding environment.

Historically, Duarte is rich in heritage, with the Duarte Historical Society preserving the city’s past, including early settlements and significant buildings from the 20th century. Cultural resources in Duarte include community events like the Duarte City Picnic, where local traditions are celebrated, and cultural hubs such as the Duarte Senior Center and Teen Center. Public art, including murals, also reflects the community’s identity and adds to the city’s cultural vibrancy. Together, these resources shape Duarte’s sense of place and pride.
*The vulnerability of city parks and centers are included in the section discussing the vulnerability of Structures
* The vulnerability of community events such as the Duarte City Picnic is discussed in the Activities Bringing Value to the Community section.

Table 4.4: Hazard Vulnerability to Natural, Historic, and Cultural Resources (Source: Planning Team, Emergency Planning Consultants) (Note: “X” indicates affirmative)
Natural, Historic, and Cultural Resources
Dam InundationEarthquakeFloodingWildfireWindstorm
City Parks including Royal Oaks Park
- See Structures
Duarte City Picnic
- See Activities Bringing Value to the Community -
Duarte Historical Society & Museum
777 Encanto Parkway, Duarte X X X X
Fish Canyon
Near 3700 Fish Canyon Rd, Duarte X X X X
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B2-b.

Q: For each participating jurisdiction, does the plan describe the potential impacts of each of the identified hazards on each participating jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) A: See Impact Profile on Natural, Historic, and Cultural Resources below.

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Impact Profile on Natural, Historic, and Cultural Resources Dam Inundation
Dam Inundation can have significant impacts on the natural, historic, and cultural resources in Duarte affecting both the environment and the community's heritage.

Natural Resources
Dam inundation could significantly impact the city's natural resources, including the San Gabriel Mountains and areas surrounding the Los Angeles River. Flooding could destroy or damage local habitats, threatening wildlife that relies on these areas. Natural spaces like Royal Oaks Park and Fish Canyon, popular for recreation and environmental conservation, could be submerged or severely impacted by rising water levels, making them inaccessible to the public and potentially harming the local ecosystem. The overall loss of natural beauty and habitat would disrupt the balance of local ecosystems and the services they provide.

Historic Resources
In the event of dam inundation, Duarte’s historic resources could suffer substantial damage.

Important historic buildings and landmarks, such as those maintained by the Duarte Historical Society, could be flooded, resulting in the destruction or deterioration of these valuable pieces of history. Early 20th-century architecture and other heritage sites could be lost, disrupting efforts to preserve and share the city’s historical narrative. The inundation could require expensive restoration efforts and possibly lead to the permanent loss of some cultural heritage.

Cultural Resources
Dam inundation would also have a significant impact on Duarte’s cultural resources. Community centers, which host vital programs for local residents, could be damaged or destroyed, halting services and community engagement. Local cultural activities might be canceled or delayed due to infrastructure damage or road closures. Public art, including murals and sculptures, could be ruined or severely impacted by flood waters, reducing the city’s cultural identity and the community’s ability to celebrate its heritage.

Earthquake
An earthquake can have significant impacts on the natural, historic, and cultural resources in Duarte affecting both the environment and the community's heritage.

Natural Resources
The physical landscape and natural habitats may suffer from direct damage due to ground shaking and potential landslides, particularly in areas near the foothills. Parks and green spaces may be impacted by falling trees, damaged infrastructure, and disrupted ecosystems, affecting local wildlife and recreational opportunities. Additionally, water supply systems and utilities may be disrupted, posing risks to public health and safety.

Historic Resources
Historic buildings and structures, including those recognized for their architectural significance, are particularly vulnerable to earthquake damage. Cracks, structural failures, and falling debris can lead to loss or severe damage to these important assets, diminishing the community’s historical identity. The Duarte Historical Society's efforts to preserve local history may also be hindered if their facilities are damaged.

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Cultural Resources
The cultural fabric of the community can be affected as well, as events and gatherings that celebrate local heritage may be canceled or postponed following an earthquake. Cultural centers and organizations may face operational disruptions and resource challenges, limiting their ability to promote community engagement and cultural education. The psychological impact of an earthquake can also affect community cohesion, as residents may experience anxiety and displacement, making it harder to participate in cultural activities.

Overall, the impacts of an earthquake on Duarte’s natural, historic, and cultural resources underscore the need for effective disaster preparedness and recovery plans to protect and preserve these vital aspects of the community's identity and well-being.

Flooding
Natural Resources
Flooding can cause significant ecological disruptions in Duarte’s open spaces and natural systems. Flood water contributes to erosion, sediment buildup, and runoff pollution, threatening habitats along the San Gabriel River and other green spaces. One key site, Encanto Park, includes a riparian creek and bioswale system designed to manage stormwater. However, severe or repeated flooding may exceed the capacity of this system, leading to degraded water quality and harm to local wildlife.

Historic Resources
Flooding threatens the preservation of historic assets, especially those with limited structural resilience. The Duarte Historical Museum, located within Encanto Park, houses important collections related to the city’s early settlers, citrus industry, and events like the 1938 flood.

Flooding could damage the building or destroy irreplaceable artifacts and documents.

Additionally, flood events may obscure or erode historical markers and trail access points tied to Duarte’s heritage.

Cultural Resources
Duarte's cultural identity is deeply connected to its recreational trails, community spaces, and arts.

The Fish Canyon Falls Trail, a beloved local site with cultural and recreational value, has already suffered from wildfire and past flood damage. Continued flooding threatens to further degrade the trail and limit community engagement with this iconic natural landmark. Moreover, community events and programs hosted in parks and public facilities may face cancellation or relocation due to flood-related damage or accessibility issues.

Wildfire
Wildfire can significantly impact the natural, historic, and cultural resources in Duarte leading to a range of consequences that affect the community's environment and heritage.

Natural Resources
A wildfire in Duarte could severely affect the city’s natural resources by destroying or damaging vital habitats within the San Gabriel Mountains and along the Los Angeles River. Wildfires can devastate local ecosystems, threatening wildlife and plant species that rely on these areas for survival. Parks like Royal Oaks Park and natural spaces such as Fish Canyon could be destroyed or heavily impacted, leading to a loss of recreational areas and a disruption of natural processes like water filtration and air purification. The environmental damage caused by wildfire could take years, if not decades, to recover, impacting both the natural landscape and local biodiversity.

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Historic Resources
In the event of wildfire, historic resources in Duarte could be at great risk. Important historical buildings and structures, including those preserved by the Duarte Historical Society, could be damaged or destroyed by the flames. If these sites are lost, it would represent a permanent loss of local history, as many of the city’s heritage sites are vulnerable to fire. In addition, the surrounding land and historical landscapes may suffer from the wildfire’s impact, requiring extensive restoration efforts. The destruction of these sites would diminish the community’s ability to preserve and share its past with future generations.

Cultural Resources
Wildfire could also disrupt cultural resources in Duarte, such as local community centers, public art, and annual cultural events. The damage to community hubs like the Duarte Senior Center or Teen Center would affect the social fabric of the city, as these spaces host important recreational and educational programs for residents. Additionally, public art such as murals and sculptures could be damaged or destroyed by fire, diminishing the city's artistic identity. Cultural events could be canceled or delayed, further impacting the community's ability to celebrate its traditions.

The overall loss of cultural landmarks and programs could hinder the sense of community pride and engagement.

Windstorm
The impact of windstorms on the natural, historic, and cultural resources in Duarte can be significant, affecting the community's environmental health, heritage preservation, and cultural practices.

Natural Resources
Windstorms could severely affect Duarte’s natural resources by causing significant damage to local habitats, particularly in areas like the San Gabriel Mountains and along the Los Angeles River. Strong winds could uproot trees, causing destruction to native plant life and disrupting wildlife habitats. Public parks, including Royal Oaks Park and Fish Canyon, could be impacted by fallen trees and damaged vegetation, which would disrupt both recreational access and the environmental functions of these spaces. The wind could also exacerbate erosion and lead to soil degradation in vulnerable areas, further impacting the local ecosystem.

Historic Resources
In the event of windstorms, historic resources in Duarte could suffer structural damage. High winds could break windows, damage roofing, or cause portions of historical buildings to collapse.

Sites of historical significance, such as those preserved by the Duarte Historical Society, could be harmed, leading to potential destruction of valuable landmarks and architectural features. The financial and time investment needed for restoration could be considerable, and the damage to these sites could result in the loss of irreplaceable historical resources that tell the story of the city’s development.

Cultural Resources
Windstorms could also negatively impact Duarte’s cultural resources, including community centers, public art, and cultural events. Wind damage could destroy or displace public art like murals and sculptures, undermining the city’s cultural identity. Community spaces like the Duarte Senior Center or Teen Center could experience roof damage or structural issues, leading to service disruptions. Events could be canceled or delayed due to damage to infrastructure or road closures, limiting the community’s ability to celebrate its cultural traditions and engage in shared experiences.

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Activities Bringing Value to the Community
Activities bringing value to the community are those that contribute positively to the well-being, cohesion, and development of the community as a whole. These activities can take various forms and serve different purposes, but they generally aim to enhance the quality of life for community members and promote a sense of belonging and connectedness.

Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B2-a.

Q: Does the plan provide an overall summary of each jurisdiction’s vulnerability to the identified hazards? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Vulnerability of Activities Bringing Value to the Community below.

Vulnerability of Activities Bringing Value to the Community The Duarte City Picnic is an annual community event organized by the City Park and Recreation Department to bring together local residents for a day of fun, food, and outdoor activities. Typically held at one of the city’s parks, the event features a variety of family-friendly activities, including live entertainment, games, picnicking, and opportunities for residents to socialize and connect with their neighbors. It is a way to celebrate the community spirit, promote local engagement, and provide an enjoyable experience for all ages. The picnic often includes food vendors, recreational activities, and informational booths from local organizations and businesses.

Table 4.5: Hazard Vulnerability of Activities Bringing Value to the Community (Source: Planning Team, Emergency Planning Consultants) (Note: “X” indicates affirmative)
Activities Bringing Value to the Community
Dam InundationEarthquakeFloodingWildfireWindstorm
Duarte City Picnic
A City Park - Varies X X
Q&A | ELEMENT B: RISK ASSESSMENT | B2-b.

Q: For each participating jurisdiction, does the plan describe the potential impacts of each of the identified hazards on each participating jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) A: See Impact Profile on Activities Bringing Value to the Community below.

Impact Profile on Activities Bringing Value to the Community Earthquake
An earthquake during the Duarte City Picnic could have significant impacts, including safety concerns for attendees and potential disruption of concert activities due to structural damage or logistical challenges. Organizers would need to assess the safety of the park grounds and potentially cancel or modify activities. The earthquake could also affect attendance and have

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economic implications for vendors and organizers. However, such a hazard event could also prompt a community-wide response, with residents coming together to support each other and assist with recovery efforts. Overall, quick and effective response measures would be crucial to ensuring the safety of attendees and minimizing the impact on the concert and the community.

Dam Inundation
In the event of dam inundation, the Duarte City Picnic could be significantly impacted, particularly if the flooding affects the location of the event that particular year. The park could be submerged or severely damaged by flood waters, making it unsafe or inaccessible for the event. Flooding could also cause widespread damage to infrastructure, including picnic areas, restrooms, and event setups, leading to cancellation or postponement of the picnic. Additionally, the surrounding roads and transportation routes could be blocked by debris or water, making it difficult for attendees and vendors to reach the event. The flooding could also damage or destroy equipment and supplies needed for the picnic, further disrupting the event. The financial and logistical challenges of rescheduling or relocating the event could affect the community’s ability to come together and celebrate, undermining the sense of unity that the picnic provides.

Flooding
A flood in Duarte could have significant impacts on the Duarte City Picnic, particularly if the flooding affects the event location where the picnic is held. Flood waters could damage the park's infrastructure, including picnic tables, benches, pathways, and restrooms, making the space unusable for the event. In addition, local roads and access routes might be flooded or blocked, preventing attendees, vendors, and organizers from reaching the venue, which could lead to the cancellation or delay of the picnic. Flooding could also create safety concerns for attendees, especially if flood water rises quickly or if debris from the flood makes the area hazardous.

Furthermore, if the flood damages equipment or supplies needed for the event, such as sound systems, tents, and food stands, it could disrupt the entire event. The cleanup and recovery process would add additional costs and logistical challenges, and it could diminish the community's ability to hold the picnic in the affected area for future events.

Wildfire
A wildfire could significantly impact the Duarte City Picnic, especially if the fire occurs near the event location. Wildfire could cause the park and surrounding areas to become unsafe, either due to direct damage from flames or the threat of smoke inhalation. This could result in the cancellation or relocation of the picnic, as it would pose a health risk to attendees and make the environment hazardous. In addition to safety concerns, the wildfire could damage infrastructure such as picnic areas, benches, and restrooms, making the park unsuitable for large gatherings.

Wildfire smoke could also create air quality issues, potentially leading to the cancellation of outdoor activities, especially for those with respiratory concerns. If roads or transportation routes are affected by the fire or evacuation orders, it could be difficult for vendors, performers, or attendees to reach the picnic, further disrupting the event. The financial impact of rescheduling or relocating the picnic would also be considerable, along with the potential loss of community engagement and spirit during that time.

Windstorm
A windstorm could have significant impacts on the Duarte City Picnic, especially if high winds cause damage to the event's infrastructure and surrounding environment. Strong winds could blow over tents, booths, and other temporary structures, potentially causing injuries or disrupting

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the event. If trees or branches are knocked down, they could block pathways, damage picnic areas, and create safety hazards for attendees. The wind could also interfere with the activities and entertainment planned for the picnic, such as outdoor games, music performances, and food vendors. If there are power outages due to downed power lines, it could affect food preparation, sound systems, and other essential event services. Additionally, transportation routes might be blocked by debris, making it difficult for attendees and vendors to access the picnic. These challenges could lead to the cancellation, delay, or significant disruption of the event, diminishing the sense of community and engagement that the picnic aims to promote.

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Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategies
Overview of Mitigation Strategy
As the cost of damage from disasters continues to increase nationwide, the City of Duarte recognizes the importance of identifying effective ways to reduce vulnerability to disasters.

Mitigation plans assist communities in reducing risk from natural hazards by identifying resources, information and strategies for risk reduction, while helping to guide and coordinate mitigation activities at the city’s facilities.

The plan provides a set of action items to reduce risk from hazards through education and outreach programs, and to foster the development of partnerships. Further, the plan provides for the implementation of preventative activities.

Resources and information within the mitigation plan include:

1. Establishing a basis for coordination and collaboration among agencies and the public in Duarte,

2. Identifying and prioritizing future mitigation projects, and

3. Assisting in meeting the requirements of federal assistance programs.

The mitigation plan is integrated with other city plans including the Emergency Operations Plan, General Plan, Capital Improvement Program, as well as department-specific standard operating procedures.

Q&A | ELEMENT E. PLAN UPDATE | E2-a.

Q: Does the plan describe how it was revised due to changes in community priorities? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(d)(3))
A: See Changes in Community Priorities below.

Changes in Community Priorities
The Eaton Fire ignited on January 7, 2025, destroying over 14,000 acres including 9,400 structures and resulting in 18 fatalities. While Duarte was not directly affected, the city faced evacuation warnings and helped to provide shelter for those displaced by the fire. The aftereffects of the Eaton Fire brought an increased dedication to public education and attention by the City.

As such, the Planning Team added several wildfire-related actions to the Mitigation Actions Matrix.

Also, the Planning Team desired to change the HMP format to improve readability and to comply with mandates in the 2023/2025 FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide and State of California General Plan requirements:
• Executive Summary: new section summarizes the planning process and community outreach activities, and
• Chapter 1: Planning Process - several stakeholder categories were added along with a more robust community outreach strategy, and

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• Chapter 2: Community Profile – new attention given to the location and levels of the disadvantaged communities and socially vulnerable populations, and • Chapter 3: Risk Assessment – consideration given to the state and federal recommended hazards yielded different hazards for inclusion in the 2025 HMP, and
• Chapter 4: Vulnerability and Impacts - new chapter including research and content regarding hazard vulnerabilities and impacts including an analysis of vulnerability of assets including people, structures, economy, community resources and activities, and
• Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategies – added appropriate General Plan Safety Element projects/actions; updated status on 2020 action items including deleting some lacking political or budgetary support; adding action items to protect critical facilities, and
• Chapter 6: Plan Maintenance – added details about integrating the mitigation plan into other documents.
• Chapter 7: Plan Review, Adoption, and Approval - a new section summarizing the progression of the Draft Plan to Final Plan.

Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C3-a.

Q: Does the plan include goals to reduce the risk from the hazards identified in the plan? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)(i))
A: See State Hazard Mitigation Plan Goals, 2025 Duarte Plan Goals below.

Overall goals guide the direction of future activities aimed at reducing risk and preventing loss from natural hazards. During the first meeting of the Planning Team, the State of California’s Hazard Mitigation Plan goals and the 2020 Duarte HMP goals were reviewed.

State Hazard Mitigation Plan Goals
The 2023 State Hazard Mitigation Plan identified the following goals that reflect State’s current priorities:

Goal 1 - Significantly reduce risk to life, community lifelines, the environment, property, and infrastructure by planning and implementing whole-community risk reduction and resilience strategies.

Goal 2 - Build capacity and capabilities to increase disaster resilience among historically underserved populations, individuals with access and functional needs, and communities disproportionately impacted by disasters and climate change.

Goal 3 - Incorporate equity metrics, tools, and strategies into all mitigation planning, policy, funding, outreach, and implementation efforts.

Goal 4 - Apply the best available science and authoritative data to design, implement, and prioritize projects that enhance resilience to natural hazards and climate change impacts.

Goal 5 - Integrate mitigation principles into laws, regulations, policies, and guidance to support equitable outcomes to benefit the whole community.

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Goal 6 - Significantly reduce barriers to timely, efficient, and effective hazard mitigation planning and action.
2025 Duarte Plan Goals
Following review of the SHMP goals, the Planning Team reviewed the 2020 HMP goals and determined that those goals are consistent with and responsive to the 2025 Risk Assessment and that the goals continue to represent a long-term vision for hazard reduction and enhanced mitigation capabilities.

Each of the goals is supported by mitigation action items. The Planning Team developed these action items through its knowledge of the local area, risk assessment, review of past efforts, identification of mitigation activities, and qualitative analysis. See Mitigation Actions Matrix.

The five mitigation goals and descriptions are listed below.

Protect Life and Property
Implement activities that assist in protecting lives by making homes, businesses, infrastructure, critical facilities, and other properties more resistant to losses from natural, human-caused, and technological hazards.

Reduce losses and repetitive damage for chronic hazard events while promoting insurance coverage for catastrophic hazards.

Improve hazard assessment information to make recommendations for avoiding new development in high hazard areas and encouraging preventative measures for existing development in areas vulnerable to natural, human-caused, and technological hazards.

Increase Public Awareness
Develop and implement education and outreach programs to increase public awareness of the risks associated with natural hazards.

Provide information on tools, partnership opportunities, and funding resources to assist in implementing mitigation activities.

Preserve Natural Systems
Balance watershed planning, natural resource management, and land use planning with natural hazard mitigation to protect life, property, and the environment.

Preserve, rehabilitate, and enhance natural systems to serve natural hazard mitigation functions.

Encourage Partnerships and Implementation
Strengthen communication and coordinate participation among and within public agencies, citizens, non-profit organizations, business, and industry to gain a vested interest in implementation.

Encourage leadership within public and private sector organizations to prioritize and implement local, county, and regional hazard mitigation activities.

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Strengthen Emergency Services
Establish policy to ensure mitigation projects for critical facilities, services, and infrastructure.

Strengthen emergency operations by increasing collaboration and coordination among public agencies, non-profit organizations, business, and industry.

Coordinate and integrate natural hazard mitigation activities, where appropriate, with emergency operations plans and procedures.

How are the Mitigation Action Items Organized?
The action items are a listing of activities in which city agencies and citizens can be engaged to reduce risk.

The action items are organized within the following Mitigation Actions Matrix, categorized by hazard. Data collection and research and the public participation process resulted in the development of these action items. The Matrix includes the following information for each action item:

Q&A | ELEMENT C: MITIGATION STRATEGY | C5-b.

Q: Does the plan identify the position, office, department, or agency responsible for implementing/administering the identified mitigation actions, as well as potential funding sources and expected time frame? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)(iii))) A: See Lead Department below.

Lead Department
The Mitigation Actions Matrix assigns primary responsibility for each of the action items to either a department or specific position within the city. The primary responsibility for implementing the action items falls to the entity shown as the “Lead Department”. The lead department has the regulatory responsibility to address hazards, or is willing and able to organize resources, find appropriate funding, or oversee activity implementation, monitor, and evaluate. The lead department is a city staff or contracted while supporting agencies may include local governments, county, or regional agencies.

Timeline
The mitigation plan will be updated every 5 years according to FEMA regulations. However, there are projects and programs in the Mitigation Actions Matrix that will require more than 5 years to complete. Some of the actions are identified as “ongoing” since the 2020 HMP or will continue on a regular basis through the 2025 HMP. These items are indicated as either Ongoing-Annual, Quarterly, or Monthly, or Ongoing-As Needed with an explanation of what triggers the action (e.g., amending the General Plan, a public agency meeting, etc.).

Funding Source
External resources could include a range of FEMA mitigation grants perhaps including HMGP.

Internal Resources could include general fund, capital improvement budgets, impact fees, human capital, in-kind resources, etc.

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Plan Goals Addressed
The plan goals addressed by each action item are included as a way to monitor and evaluate how well the mitigation plan is achieving its goals once implementation begins. The plan goals are organized into the following five areas:
✓ Protect Life and Property
✓ Enhance Public Awareness
✓ Preserve Natural Systems
✓ Encourage Partnerships and Implementation
✓ Strengthen Emergency Services
Q&A | ELEMENT D: PLAN MAINTENANCE | D3-b.

Q: Does the plan identify the planning mechanisms for each plan participant into which the ideas, information and strategy from the mitigation plan may be integrated? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(4)(ii))
A: See Planning Mechanisms below.

Planning Mechanisms
It’s important that each action item be implemented. Perhaps the best way to ensure implementation is through integration with one or many of the City’s existing “planning mechanisms” including the “internal resources” including the General Plan, Capital Improvement Projects, General Fund, and “external resources” including Grants. Opportunities for integration will be simple and easy in cases where the action item is already compatible with the content of the planning mechanism. As an example, if the action item calls for the creation of a floodplain ordinance and the same action is already identified in the General Plan’s policies, then the General Plan will assist in implementation. On the contrary, if preparation of a floodplain ordinance is not already included in the General Plan policies, then the item will need to be added during the next update to the General Plan.

The Capital Improvement Program, depending on the budgetary environment, is updated annually with a 5-year scope. The CIP includes infrastructure projects built and owned by the city. As such, the CIP is an excellent medium for funding and implementing action items from the Mitigation Plan. The Mitigation Actions Matrix includes several items from the existing CIP. The authors of the CIP served on the Planning Team and are already looking to funding addition Mitigation Plan action items in future CIPs. The General Fund is the budget document that guides all of the City’s expenditures and is updated on an annual basis. Although primarily a funding mechanism, it also includes descriptions and details associated with tasks and projects.

Grants come from a wide variety of sources – some annually and others triggered by events like disasters. Whatever the source, the City uses the General Fund to identify successful grants as funding sources.

Building and Infrastructure
This addresses the issue of whether or not a particular action item results in the reduction of the effects of hazards on new and existing buildings and infrastructure.

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Q&A | ELEMENT C: MITIGATION STRATEGY | C1-b.

Q: Does the plan describe each participant’s ability to expand and improve the identified capabilities to achieve mitigation? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3))
A: See Expanding and Improving Capabilities below.

Expanding and Improving Capabilities
This identifies the capability categories and applicability to individual mitigation action items. Subcategory indicators are P – Planning and Regulatory; A – Administrative and Technical; F – Finance; E – Education and Outreach.

Q&A | ELEMENT E: PLAN UPDATE | E2-b.

Q: Does the plan include a status update for all mitigation actions identified in the previous mitigation plan? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(d)(3))
A: See Comments below.

Comments
All of the 2020 Mitigation Actions Matrix items were pulled into the 2025 HMP. The “comments” column in the 2025 Matrix including progress and/or changes to those action items as well as “new” items added during the 2025 planning process.

The purpose of the “Comments” column is to capture the notes and status of the various action items. Notations include:
“Revised” – some component(s) of the action item has been revised from the 2020 HMP. “Deleted” – item removed because of lack of priority, staff and/or budget. “Completed” – item completed but remains in Matrix until the 2025 HMP receives FEMA approval. “Notes” – in order to maintain continuity between updates. “New” – action items not included in the 2020 HMP.

Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C5-a.

Q: Does the plan describe the criteria used for prioritizing actions? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)(iv)) A: See Benefit/Cost Ratings below.

Benefit/Cost Ratings
The benefits of proposed projects were weighed against estimated costs as part of the project prioritization process. The benefit/cost analysis was not of the detailed variety required by FEMA for project grant eligibility under the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP). A less formal approach was used because some projects may not be implemented for up to 10 years, and associated costs and benefits could change dramatically in that time. Therefore, a review of the apparent benefits versus the apparent cost of each project will be performed in the future as needed. Parameters were established for assigning subjective ratings (high, medium, and low) to the costs and benefits of these projects.

Cost ratings were defined as follows:

High: Existing funding within the jurisdiction will not cover the cost of the action item so outside sources of revenue would be required.

Medium: The action item could be funded through existing jurisdictional funding but would require budget modifications.

Low: The action item could be funded under existing jurisdictional funding within the assigned lead department.

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Benefit ratings were defined as follows:

High: The action item will provide short-term and long-term impacts on the reduction of risk exposure to life and property.

Medium: The action item will have long-term impacts on the reduction of risk exposure to life and property.

Low: The action item will have only short-term impacts on the reduction of risk exposure to life and property.

Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C5-a.

Q: Does the plan describe the criteria used for prioritizing actions? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)(iv)) A: See Priority Rating below.

Priority Rating
The 2020 HMP Mitigation Action Items did not include “priorities”. During the 2025 planning process, the Planning Team utilized the Priority Rating system designations of “High”, “Medium”, or “Low” priority were assigned to each of the action items.

Does the Action:
 solve the problem?
 address Vulnerability Assessment?
 reduce the exposure or vulnerability to the highest priority hazard?  address multiple hazards?
 benefits equal or exceed costs?
 implement a goal, policy, or project identified in the General Plan or Capital Improvement Project? Can the Action:
 be implemented with existing funds?
 be implemented by existing state or federal grant programs?  be completed within the 5-year life cycle of the LHMP?  be implemented with currently available technologies? Will the Action:
 be accepted by the community?
 be supported by community leaders?
 adversely impact segments of the population or neighborhoods?  require a change in local ordinances or zoning laws?
 positive or neutral impact on the environment?
 comply with all local, state and federal environmental laws and regulations? Is there:
 sufficient staffing to undertake the project?
 existing authority to undertake the project?
As mitigation action items were updated or written the Planning Team, representatives were provided worksheets for each of their assigned action items. Answers to the criteria above determined the priority according to the following scale.
• 1-6 = Low priority
• 7-12 = Medium priority
• 13-18 = High priority

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Q&A | ELEMENT C: MITIGATION STRATEGY | C1-b.

Q: Does the plan describe each participant’s ability to expand and improve the identified capabilities to achieve mitigation? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3))
A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix (Expanding and Improving Capabilities) below.

Q&A | ELEMENT C: MITIGATION STRATEGY | C4-a.

Q: Does the plan include an analysis of a comprehensive range of actions/projects that each jurisdiction considered to reduce the impacts of hazards identified in the risk assessment? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)(ii))
A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix (Action Items) below.

Q&A | ELEMENT C: MITIGATION STRATEGY | C4-b.

Q: Does the plan include one or more action(s) per jurisdiction for each of the hazards as identified within the plan’s risk assessment? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)(ii)) A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix (Action Items) below.

Q&A | ELEMENT C: MITIGATION STRATEGY | C5-a.

Q: Does the plan describe the criteria used for prioritizing actions? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)(ii)) A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix (Priority, Goals) below.

Q&A | ELEMENT C: MITIGATION STRATEGY | C5-b.

Q: Does the plan identify the position, office, department, or agency responsible for implementing/administering the identified mitigation actions, as well as potential funding sources and expected time frame? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)(iii))) A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix (Lead Department, Timeline, Funding Source) below.

Q&A | ELEMENT D: PLAN MAINTENANCE | D3-a.

Q: Does the plan describe the process the community will follow to integrate the ideas, information and strategy of the mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(4)(ii)) A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix (Planning Mechanism) below.

Q&A | ELEMENT E: PLAN UPDATE | E2-b.

Q: Does the plan include a status update for all mitigation actions identified in the previous mitigation plan? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(d)(3))
A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix (Comments) below.

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Mitigation Actions Matrix
Table 5.1: Mitigation Actions Matrix
(Source: Duarte Planning Team) Mitigation Action Item
Lead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
Earthquake Mitigation Action
Items
EQ-1 Continue to adopt and
enforce the most up-to-date
California Building Code and
California Fire Code with local
amendments and continue to
support the training of City staff
in the provisions of the latest
codes, to provide for seismic
safety and fire safety design.

Community
Development
Department:

Planning and
Building Divisions,
LACoFD
2026 P, A X X X GF MC Y H H L Revised
EQ-2 Regulate the location of
new essential or critical facilities
in areas that would be directly
affected by seismic and geologic
hazards (including surface fault
rupture, liquefaction, and slope
Community
Development
Department:

Planning and
Building Divisions
As needed
during the
development
review
process
P, A X X X GF MC Y H H L Revised

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Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
instability) to ensure the facility
will not be located in an area
identified as susceptible to
damage from a natural hazard.

EQ-3 Continue to require fault
rupture hazard assessment
studies for qualifying projects
proposed in the Alquist-Priolo
Earthquake Fault Zones and
Fault Hazard Management
Zones mapped through the City.

Community
Development
Department:

Planning and
Building Divisions
As needed
during the
development
review
process
P, A X X X GF MC Y H H L Revised
EQ-4 Continue to require
liquefaction assessment studies
for qualifying projects proposed
in areas of the City mapped as
susceptible to liquefaction, and
in areas where geotechnical
testing shows the sediments are
susceptible to liquefaction. Also
require the implementation of
mitigation measures as a
condition of approval.

Community
Development
Department:

Planning and
Building Divisions
As needed
during the
development
review
process
P, A X X X GF MC Y H H L Revised

Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | 202
6 Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategies - 136 -
Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program–CIP, HMGP=Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC–Municipal CodeBuildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised, Deleted, New, and Notes EQ-5 Develop and make
available to all residents and
businesses literature on hazard
prevention and disaster
response, including information
on how to EQ-proof residences
and places of business, and
information on what to do
before, during and after an
earthquake. Reminders will be
issued periodically to encourage
the review and renewal of
earthquake-preparedness kits
and other emergency
preparedness materials and
procedures.

Public Safety
Department
Annual –
Great
Shakeout
P, AXXX GF GFYHHL Revised
EQ-6 Create inventory of
potentially hazardous buildings,
including pre-1952 wood-frame
structures, concrete tilt-ups, pre-
1971 reinforced masonry, soft-
story, and multi-family
Community
Development
Department
1-5 years P, AXXX GF GFYHHM Revised

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Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
residential buildings, to assess
the seismic vulnerability of their
structures and conduct seismic
retrofitting as necessary to
improve the building’s
resistance to seismic shaking.

EQ-7 Encourage the evaluation
of the above-ground water
storage tanks in the City to
assess their potential inundation
hazard in the event of
catastrophic failure and ensure
that all tanks are fitted with the
appropriate seismic safeguards,
including shut-off valves, in
accordance with the most recent
water tank design guidelines.

Community
Development
Department:

Public Works
Division; CalAmerican Water
As needed
during the
development
review
process
P, A X X U GF Y H H L Revised
EQ-8 Conduct a seismic
evaluation of City-owned
essential and critical facilities
that are located in or near
mapped faults or in areas
Community
Development
Department
1-5 years X X X
BRIC,
HMGP
BRIC,
HMGP Y H H M Completed

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Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
mapped as susceptible to
liquefaction or earthquakeinduced slope instability.

EQ-9 Where appropriate,
relocate, strengthen, or retrofit
those City-owned essential and
critical facilities found to be at
risk from seismic hazards.

Community
Development
Department
1-5 years P, A X X X HMGP HMGP Y M H H Revised
EQ-10 Implement the
Earthquake and Liquefaction
actions, and the Multi-Hazard
actions listed in the Mitigation
Actions Matrix in Mitigation
Strategies of the City of Duarte
Hazard Mitigation Plan. (Source:

Safety Element)
Community
Development
Department:

Planning & Building
Divisions
As needed
during the
development
review
process

P, A X X X GF GP, MC Y M H L
New
EQ-11 Restrict development in
areas prone to seismic hazards
and other geologic hazards.
(Source: Safety Element)
Community
Development
Department:

Planning & Building
Divisions
As needed
during the
development
review
process
P, A X X GF GP, MC Y H H L New

Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2026
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Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
EQ-12 Enforce seismic design
provisions of the current
California Building Standards
Code related to geologic,
seismic, and slope hazards for
all new construction. (Source:

Safety Element)
Community
Development
Department:

Building &
Engineering
Divisions
As needed
during the
development
review
process
P, A X X GF GP, MC Y H H L New
EQ-13 Require that
geotechnical reports include
projected changes to slope
stability related to climate
change impacts on wildfires and
erosion, and the development of
mitigation strategies for new
development projects in areas
with the potential for liquefaction
or landslide. (Source: Safety
Element)
Community
Development
Department:

Building, Planning,
& Engineering
Divisions
As needed
during the
development
review
process
P, A X X X GF GP, MC Y M H L New
Wildfire Mitigation Action
Items
WLD-1 Ensure City equipment is
up to date and maintained to
Community
Development
As needed
throughout P, A X X X GF, HMGP GF, HMGP N L H M Revised

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Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategies
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Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
supplement the Los Angeles
County Fire Department efforts
(including City water trucks, City
trucks, and tools), especially
during red flag warning days.

Department: Public
Works and Field
Services Divisions,
LACoFD
the five-year
HMP period
WLD-2 Ensure that there are an
appropriate number of generators
for emergency power, and
compatibility with LACoFD supply.

Specifically, these generators will
be used to provide back-up power
systems in the event of an
electrical power failure in order to
pump water supply into water
tanks for fire suppression.

Public Safety
Department,
Community
Development
Department;
LACoFD
1-5 years P, A X X X HMGP, GF HMGP N L H M Revised
WLD-3 Continue fire inspections
and brush clearance programs
sponsored by the Los Angeles
County Fire Department and LA
County Agricultural Commission.

Community
Development
Department Public
Works & Field
Services Divisions;
LACoFD
As needed
throughout
the five-year
HMP period
P, A X X X GF GF Y H H L Revised

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Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
WLD-4 Continue to enforce
development standards and
distribute zoning handouts to
property owners and contractors
that describe the fire prevention
measures contained within the
Hillside Overlay Zone including
unobstructed fire protection
equipment access easements,
Class A roof materials, fire
hydrant locations, and water main
minimum requirements.

Community
Development
Department:

Planning Division;
Public Safety
Department;
LACoFD
As needed
during the
development
review
process
P, A X X X X GF GF Y M H L Revised
WLD-5 Update the development
standards of the Hillside
Development Standards with new
fire prevention measures as
needed to address the
construction of new buildings and
infrastructure.

Community
Development
Department:

Planning Division;
LACoFD
1-5 years P, A X X X X GF GF, MC Y M M L Revised
WLD-6 Update the public on
vegetative and fire management
activities via communication
Public Safety
Department; City 1-5 years P, A X X X X GF GF Y L M L Revised

Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | 202
6 Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategies - 142 -
Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program–CIP, HMGP=Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC–Municipal CodeBuildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised, Deleted, New, and Notes mechanisms in Duarte such as
temporary signs at affected
properties; the City web sites;
newspapers; and direct mailings.

Manager’s Office;
LACoFD
WLD-7 Distribute public
information brochures that
encourage residents to plant fire
resistant landscaping, to clear dry
brush, and to consider fire-
resistant building materials.

Community
Development; and
Public Safety
Departments;
LACoFD
Annual P, AXXXX GF GFYLML Revised
WLD-8 Publish fire prevention
articles in City newsletter related
to fire evacuation, fire escape
plans, and fire safety.

Community
Development; and
Public Safety
Departments
1-5 years P, AXXX GF GFYMHL Revised
WLD-9 Build a community
message board to be placed in a
strategic location in the City to
alert the public to wildfire hazards
and provide the community
information related to hazards.

Community
Development
Department
CompletedXXX GR GR
YLLM Completed
WLD-10 Explore funding sources
and advocate with Cal-American
Community
Development
1-5 years P, AXX HMGP, U GP
YLMM Revised

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Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
Water Company to install fireresistant electrical pump systems or to install back-up power
generators at each water tank to
ensure adequate fire suppression.

Department: Public
Works Division;
LACoFD
WLD-11 Seek funding for
replacement and/or retrofit of rain
cannons for Wildland urban
Interface areas throughout the
City.

Public Safety
Department;
Community
Development
Department; City
Manager’s Office
1-5 years P, A X X X HMGP, U GP Y L M M Revised
WLD-12 Use information from
different sources such as field
evaluations, aerial maps and
photography, and public feedback
to continually evaluate vegetative
health and develop
recommendations for the Fish Fire
Impact Area.

Public Safety
Department;
Community
Development
Department;
LACoFD
Completed X X X X GF GF Y M L M Completed
WLD-13 Monitor and evaluate
tree disease and infestations on a
continual basis due to the
Public Safety
Department;
LACoFD
Annual P, A X X X GF GF Y L L L Revised

Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | 202
6 Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategies - 144 -
Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program–CIP, HMGP=Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC–Municipal CodeBuildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised, Deleted, New, and Notes dynamic nature of insects and
disease.

WLD-14 Develop a brush
clearance plan that addresses fuel
modification/reduction on annual
schedule for public-owned
parcels. The schedule will remain
flexible to meet staff workload and
funding options, management
objectives, neighborhood groups
and other strategic inputs. Work
with neighborhood groups who
have demonstrated commitment
to hazardous fuels reduction and
those neighborhoods who would
benefit from a demonstration site
where one has been proposed.

Community
Development
Department: Public
Works Division;
LACoFD
1-3 years P, AXXXX HMGP, GF GF
YMML Revised
WLD-15 A brush clearance and
fuel modification/reduction plan
will identify a schedule for
completion for maintenance of
City-owned properties identified
Community
Development
Department
10/2020 XXX GF GF
YHMM Completed

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Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
as needing a management plan.

Work collaboratively with state
and federal agencies to plan,
prepare, and implement fuel
treatment options for the
landscape, particularly as funding
and cooperative opportunities
become available for these items.

WLD-16 Annually reevaluate
evacuation resources and update
the evacuation plan.

Public Safety
Department;
Community
Development
Department;
LACoFD
1-5 years P, A X X X GF GF, HMGP Y L M L Revised
WLD-17 Use social media and a
cell phone registration service to
help notify residents of emergency
events requiring evacuation.

City Manager’s
Office; Public
Safety Department
As needed
during an
emergency
P, A X X X GF GF Y L M L Revised
WLD-18 Require all existing roofs
in the Very High Fire Hazard
areas to only be replaced by
Community
Development
Department:

As needed
during the
development
P, A X X X GF GF Y M H L Revised

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Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
roofing as required by Fire and
Building Codes.

Building and Safety
Division
review
process
WLD-19 Require vacant parcel
inspections for weeds and other
vegetation, insect, and disease
issues.

Community
Development
Department: Field
Services Division;
LACoFD; Public
Safety; Los
Angeles County
Department of
Agriculture
Annual P, A X X GF GF Y M M L Revised
WLD-20 Require property owners
to remove wood piles, fast burning
vegetation, and other fuel sources
from the perimeter of residences.

Public Safety
Department;
LACoFD
As needed
throughout
the five-year
HMP period
P, A X X X GF GF Y M H L Revised
WLD-21 Implement the Wildfire
actions and the Multi-Hazard
actions listed in the Mitigation
Actions Matrix in Part III
(Mitigation Strategies) of the City
Community
Development
Department:

Planning & Building
Divisions
As needed
throughout
the five-year
HMP period

P, A X X X GF GP, MC Y M H L
New

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Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategies
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Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
of Duarte Hazard Mitigation Plan.
(Source: Safety Element)
WLD-22 Continue to support
programs to reduce fire hazards
of vegetation in areas of extreme
to high fire risk. Such programs
may take a variety of forms, but
may include weed and brush
removal and control and use of
fire-resistant
plantings.

Community
Development
Department: Field
Services Division;
LACoFD; Public
Safety; Los
Angeles County
Department of
Agriculture
Annual P, A X X GF GF Y M M L New
WLD-23 Provide an adequate
level of fire equipment, peak load
water supply, and personnel to
protect the community. (Source:

Safety Element)
Public Safety
Department;
LACoFD; CalAmerican Water
As needed
throughout
the five-year
HMP period

P, A X X X
GF, U,
HMGP
GF, U,
HMGP Y M M H New
WLD-24 Require all new
development and re-development
in the VHFSZ to comply with the
following standards, codes, and
regulations:

Community
Development
Department:

Building and Safety
Division
As needed
during the
development
review
process
P, A X X X GF GF Y M H L New

Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | 202
6 Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategies - 148 -
Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program–CIP, HMGP=Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC–Municipal CodeBuildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised, Deleted, New, and Notes • Title 14, CCR, division 1.5,
chapter 7, subchapter 3, article 3
(commencing with section
1299.01) (Fire Hazard Reduction
Around Buildings and Structured
Regulations) for SRAs and
VHFSZ, and with the California
Government Codes 51175-57789
(Very High Fire Severity Zones);
• The latest fire-safe standards;
• The Board of Forestry and Fire
Protection Fire Safe Regulations;
and,
• The most current version of the
California Building Codes and the
California Fire Code. (Source:

Safety Element)
WLD-25 Require all new
development in the VHFSZ to
develop site-specific fire
management plans addressing
fuel modification or incorporating
Community
Development
Department:

Planning Division
As needed
during the
development
review
process

P, AXX GF GP, MC
YHHL New

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Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
open space and other defensible
space
areas, as well as multiple points of
ingress and egress for evacuation
and emergency vehicle access
before approval. (Source: Safety
Element)
WLD-26 Identify areas with
inadequate access/evacuation
routes and develop mitigation
measures or improvement plans
for these areas. (Source: Safety
Element)
Community
Development
Department;
LACoFD; LACoSD,
Public Safety
As needed
throughout
the five-year
HMP period
P, A X X GF GP, MC Y H H L New
WLD-27 Minimize new
development in the Very High Fire
Hazard Severity Zone, and, when
feasible, locate all new essential
public facilities outside of the Very
High Fire Hazard Severity Zone.
(Source: Safety Element)
Community
Development
Department:

Planning Division
As needed
throughout
the five-year
HMP period
P, A GF GP, MC Y M M M New

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Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategies
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Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
WLD-28 Minimize risks to existing
development in Very High Fire
Hazard Severity Zones by
identifying existing nonconforming
development to contemporary fire
safe standards, in terms of road
standards and vegetative hazard,
and requiring all development to
meet or exceed the City of Duarte
Title 15 – Fire under the Duarte
Municipal Code and
applicable updates. (Source:

Safety Element)
Community
Development and
Public Safety
Departments;
LACoFD
As needed
throughout
the five-year
HMP period
P, A X

GF, CIP,
HMGP

GP, GF,
CIP,

HMGP, MC
Y L L M New
WLD-29 Work with California
American Water Company (water
provider) to identify, maintain, and
ensure the long-term integrity of
future water supply for fire
suppression needs, and ensure
that water supply infrastructure
adequately supports existing and
future development and
Community
Development
Department –
Public Works
Division; Public
Safety Department;
LACoFD; CalAmerican Water
Within 1-5
years
P, A X U, HMGP U, HMGP N M M H New

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Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
redevelopment, and provides
adequate water flow to combat
structural and wildland fires,
including during peak domestic
demand periods. (Source: Safety
Element)
WLD-30 Establish and maintain
community fire breaks and fuel
modification/reduction zones,
including public and private road
clearance as described in the
Duarte Hazard Mitigation Plan.
(Safety Element)
Community
Development
Department: Public
Works & Field
Services Divisions;
LACoFD; Public
Safety
As needed
throughout
the five-year
HMP period
P, A X X GF, HGMP GF, HGMP M M L New
WLD-31 Require that all homes
and businesses have visible street
addressing and signage. (Source:

Safety Element)
Community
Development
Department: Public
Works Division;
LACoFD
As needed
throughout
the five-year
HMP period
P, A X X GF, HGMP GF, HGMP H H L New
WLD-32 Evaluate evacuation
route capacity, safety, and viability
under a range of emergency
scenarios to facilitate fire, police,
Public Safety &
Community
Development
Within 1-5
years
P, A X X GF, HGMP GF, HGMP M M L New

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Mitigation Action ItemLead DepartmentTimelineExpanding & Improving Capabilities: P-Planning & Regulatory, A-Administrative & Technical, F-Finance, E-Education & OutreachGoal: Protect Life and PropertyGoal: Increase Public AwarenessGoal: Protect Natural SystemsGoal: Strengthen Emergency ServicesFunding Source: GF-General Fund, Capital Improvement Program –CIP, HMGP=Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program, U-UtilitiesPlanning Mechanism: GP-General Plan, CIP, GF- General Fund, HMGP-Hazard Mitigation Grant Program MC –Municipal Code
Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action Item impact New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N)Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighBenefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-HighCost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High2026 Comments and Status – Completed, Revised,
Deleted, New, and Notes
and ambulance access and
resident egress, as part of the
next update to the City of Duarte
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan.
(Source: Safety Element)
Departments;
LACoFD
Windstorm Mitigation Action
Items
WND-1 In advance of wind
events, continue to send requests
for tree trimming in the City to
Southern California Edison (SCE)
for trees located in close proximity
to overhead power lines.

Community
Development
Department: Public
Works & Field
Services Divisions
Monthly P, A X X X GF GF Y H M L Revised
WND-2 Seek funding for treetrimming contractor to provide proactive pruning and trimming
services prior to wind events.

Community
Development
Department: Field
Services Divisions
1-5 years P, A X X X HMGP, GF HMGP, GF N M H M Revised
WND-3 Continue with concrete
repair to hardscape caused by
wind event.

Community
Development
Department: Public
Works & Field
Services Divisions
Annual P, A X X HMGP, GF HMGP, GF Y M M M Revised